1
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Žagar A, Dajčman U, Megía-Palma R, Simčič T, Barroso FM, Baškiera S, Carretero MA. Analysis of subcellular energy metabolism in five Lacertidae lizards across varied environmental conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 297:111729. [PMID: 39181180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic respiration is the main energy source for most eukaryotes, and efficient mitochondrial energy transfer greatly influences organismal fitness. To survive environmental changes, cells have evolved to adjust their biochemistry. Thus, measuring energy metabolism at the subcellular level can enhance our understanding of individual performance, population dynamics, and species distribution ranges. We investigated three important metabolic traits at the subcellular level in five lacertid lizard species sampled from different elevations, from sea level up to 2000 m. We examined hemoglobin concentration, two markers of oxidative stress (catalase activity and carbonyl concentration) and maximum rate of metabolic respiration at the subcellular level (potential metabolic activity at the electron transport system). The traits were analysed in laboratory acclimated adult male lizards to investigate the adaptive metabolic responses to the variable environmental conditions at the local sampling sites. Potential metabolic activity at the cellular level was measured at four temperatures - 28 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C and 34 °C - covering the range of preferred body temperatures of the species studied. Hemoglobin content, carbonyl concentration and potential metabolic activity did not differ significantly among species. Interspecific differences were found in the catalase activity, Potential metabolic activity increased with temperature in parallel in all five species. The highest response of the metabolic rate with temperature (Q10) and Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) was recorded in the high-mountain species Iberolacerta monticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Žagar
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7. 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Urban Dajčman
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7. 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatjana Simčič
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frederico M Barroso
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7. 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Senka Baškiera
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7. 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Kotsakiozi P, Antoniou A, Psonis N, Sagonas Κ, Karameta E, Ilgaz Ç, Kumlutaş Y, Avcı A, Jablonski D, Darriba D, Stamatakis A, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Cryptic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of Mediodactylus species in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108091. [PMID: 38719080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryptic diversity poses a great obstacle in our attempts to assess the current biodiversity crisis and may hamper conservation efforts. The gekkonid genus Mediodactylus, a well-known case of hidden species and genetic diversity, has been taxonomically reclassified several times during the last decade. Focusing on the Mediterranean populations, a recent study within the M. kotschyi species complex using classic mtDNA/nuDNA markers suggested the existence of five distinct species, some being endemic and some possibly threatened, yet their relationships have not been fully resolved. Here, we generated genome-wide SNPs (using ddRADseq) and applied molecular species delimitation approaches and population genomic analyses to further disentangle these relationships. Τhe most extensive nuclear dataset, so far, encompassing 2,360 loci and ∼ 699,000 bp from across the genome of Mediodactylus gecko, enabled us to resolve previously obscure phylogenetic relationships among the five, recently elevated, Mediodactylus species and to support the hypothesis that the taxon includes several new, undescribed species. Population genomic analyses within each of the proposed species showed strong genetic structure and high levels of genetic differentiation among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Kotsakiozi
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Antoniou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Heraklion 71003, P.O. Box 2214, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Psonis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Κostas Sagonas
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Karameta
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca/İzmir 35160, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca/İzmir 35160, Türkiye
| | - Aziz Avcı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09010, Türkiye
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Diego Darriba
- Computer Architecture Group, Centro de investigación CITIC, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alexandros Stamatakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece; Computational Molecular Evolution Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Informatics, Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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3
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Megía-Palma R, Cuervo JJ, Fitze PS, Martínez J, Jiménez-Robles O, De la Riva I, Reguera S, Moreno-Rueda G, Blaimont P, Kopena R, Barrientos R, Martín J, Merino S. Do sexual differences in life strategies make male lizards more susceptible to parasite infection? J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39044387 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Female and male hosts may maximise their fitness by evolving different strategies to compensate for the costs of parasite infections. The resulting sexual dimorphism might be apparent in differential relationships between parasite load and body condition, potentially reflecting differences in energy allocation to anti-parasitic defences. For example, male lacertids with high body condition may produce many offspring while being intensely parasitised. In contrast, female lacertids may show a different outcome of the trade-offs between body condition and immunity, aiming to better protect themselves from the harm of parasites. We predicted that females would have fewer parasites than males and a lower body condition across parasitaemia levels because they would invest resources in parasite defence to mitigate the costs of infection. In contrast, the male strategy to maximise access to females would imply some level of parasite tolerance and, thus, higher parasitaemia. We analysed the relationship between the body condition of lizards and the parasitemias of Karyolysus and Schellackia, two genera of blood parasites with different phylogenetic origins, in 565 females and 899 males belonging to 10 species of the Lacertidae (Squamata). These lizards were sampled over a period of 12 years across 34 sampling sites in southwestern Europe. The results concerning the Karyolysus infections were consistent with the predictions, with males having similar body condition across parasitaemia levels even though they had higher infection intensities than females. On the other hand, females with higher levels of Karyolysus parasitaemia had lower body condition. This is consistent with the prediction that different life strategies of male and female lacertids can explain the infection patterns of Karyolysus. In contrast, the parasitaemia of Schellackia was consistently low in both male and female hosts, with no significant effect on the body condition of lizards. This suggests that lizards of both sexes maintain this parasite below a pathogenic threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - José J Cuervo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick S Fitze
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Robles
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Institut de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | | | - Senda Reguera
- Department of Biology and Geology, IES don Pelayo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Moreno-Rueda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Biology, University of Houston Downtown, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renata Kopena
- ELKH Centre for Ecological Research, Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Rafael Barrientos
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, School of Biology, Department of Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution, Road Ecology Lab, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martín
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Merino
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Liu J, Zhou SZ, Liu YL, Zhao BY, Yu D, Zhong MC, Jiang XD, Cui WH, Zhao JX, Qiu J, Liu LM, Guo ZH, Li HT, Tan DY, Hu JY, Li DZ. Genomes of Meniocus linifolius and Tetracme quadricornis reveal the ancestral karyotype and genomic features of core Brassicaceae. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100878. [PMID: 38475995 PMCID: PMC11287156 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Brassicaceae represents an important plant family from both a scientific and economic perspective. However, genomic features related to the early diversification of this family have not been fully characterized, especially upon the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, which was followed by increasing aridity in the Asian interior, intensifying monsoons in Eastern Asia, and significantly fluctuating daily temperatures. Here, we reveal the genomic architecture that accompanied early Brassicaceae diversification by analyzing two high-quality chromosome-level genomes for Meniocus linifolius (Arabodae; clade D) and Tetracme quadricornis (Hesperodae; clade E), together with genomes representing all major Brassicaceae clades and the basal Aethionemeae. We reconstructed an ancestral core Brassicaceae karyotype (CBK) containing 9 pseudochromosomes with 65 conserved syntenic genomic blocks and identified 9702 conserved genes in Brassicaceae. We detected pervasive conflicting phylogenomic signals accompanied by widespread ancient hybridization events, which correlate well with the early divergence of core Brassicaceae. We identified a successive Brassicaceae-specific expansion of the class I TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 (TPS1) gene family, which encodes enzymes with essential regulatory roles in flowering time and embryo development. The TPS1s were mainly randomly amplified, followed by expression divergence. Our results provide fresh insights into historical genomic features coupled with Brassicaceae evolution and offer a potential model for broad-scale studies of adaptive radiation under an ever-changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Zhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Long Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin-Yan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mi-Cai Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei-Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jiu-Xia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China
| | - Liang-Min Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Guo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dun-Yan Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi 830052, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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5
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Plasman M, Gonzalez-Voyer A, Bautista A, Díaz DE LA Vega-Pérez AH. Flexibility in thermal requirements: a comparative analysis of the wide-spread lizard genus Sceloporus. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38880782 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation or acclimation of thermal requirements to environmental conditions can reduce thermoregulation costs and increase fitness, especially in ectotherms, which rely heavily on environmental temperatures for thermoregulation. Insight into how thermal niches have shaped thermal requirements across evolutionary history may help predict the survival of species during climate change. The lizard genus Sceloporus has a widespread distribution and inhabits an ample variety of habitats. We evaluated the effects of geographical gradients (i.e. elevation and latitude) and local environmental temperatures on thermal requirements (i.e. preferred body temperature, active body temperature in the field, and critical thermal limits) of Sceloporus species using published and field-collected data and performing phylogenetic comparative analyses. To contrast macro- and micro-evolutional patterns, we also performed intra-specific analyses when sufficient reports existed for a species. We found that preferred body temperature increased with elevation, whereas body temperature in the field decreased with elevation and increased with local environmental temperatures. Critical thermal limits were not related to the geographic gradient or environmental temperatures. The apparent lack of relation of thermal requirements to geographic gradient may increase vulnerability to extinction due to climate change. However, local and temporal variations in thermal landscape determine thermoregulation opportunities and may not be well represented by geographic gradient and mean environmental temperatures. Results showed that Sceloporus lizards are excellent thermoregulators, have wide thermal tolerance ranges, and the preferred temperature was labile. Our results suggest that Sceloporus lizards can adjust to different thermal landscapes, highlighting opportunities for continuous survival in changing thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Plasman
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Amando Bautista
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H Díaz DE LA Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias, y Tecnologías-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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6
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Carvalho APS, Owens HL, St Laurent RA, Earl C, Dexter KM, Messcher RL, Willmott KR, Aduse-Poku K, Collins SC, Homziak NT, Hoshizaki S, Hsu YF, Kizhakke AG, Kunte K, Martins DJ, Mega NO, Morinaka S, Peggie D, Romanowski HP, Sáfián S, Vila R, Wang H, Braby MF, Espeland M, Breinholt JW, Pierce NE, Kawahara AY, Lohman DJ. Comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae butterflies reveals strong correlation between diversification and temperature. iScience 2024; 27:109336. [PMID: 38500827 PMCID: PMC10945170 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and diversification in the butterfly family Pieridae by combining next generation DNA sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid butterfly species to infer the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family and curated a distribution dataset of more than 800,000 occurrences. We found strong evidence that species in environments with more stable daily temperatures or cooler maximum temperatures in the warm seasons have higher speciation rates. Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates decreased in tandem with global temperatures through geological time, resulting in a constant net diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S. Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hannah L. Owens
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A. St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kelly M. Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeccah L. Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas T. Homziak
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sugihiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Athulya G. Kizhakke
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Insect Committee of Nature Kenya, The East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicolás O. Mega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sadaharu Morinaka
- Saitama Study Center, The Open University of Japan, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Japan
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Museum Zoologi Bogor, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Helena P. Romanowski
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- African Butterfly Research Institute, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Houshuai Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael F. Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesse W. Breinholt
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Intermountain Precision Genomics, St. George, UT, USA
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J. Lohman
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines
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7
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Tian L, Xu R, Chen D, Ananjeva NB, Brown RM, Min MS, Cai B, Mijidsuren B, Zhang B, Guo X. Range-Wide Phylogeography and Ecological Niche Modeling Provide Insights into the Evolutionary History of the Mongolian Racerunner ( Eremias argus) in Northeast Asia. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1124. [PMID: 38612363 PMCID: PMC11011046 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian racerunner, Eremias argus, is a small lizard endemic to Northeast Asia that can serve as an excellent model for investigating how geography and past climate change have jointly influenced the evolution of biodiversity in this region. To elucidate the processes underlying its diversification and demography, we reconstructed the range-wide phylogeographic pattern and evolutionary trajectory, using phylogenetic, population genetic, landscape genetic, Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction and ecological niche modeling approaches. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA cyt b gene revealed eight lineages that were unbounded by geographic region. The genetic structure of E. argus was mainly determined by geographic distance. Divergence dating indicated that E. argus and E. brenchleyi diverged during the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period. E. argus was estimated to have coalesced at~0.4351 Ma (Marine Isotope Stage 19). Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion analysis revealed out-of-Inner Mongolia and rapid colonization events from the end of the Last Interglacial to the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with the expanded suitable range of the Last Glacial Maximum. Pre-Last Glacial Maximum growth of population is presented for most lineages of E. argus. The Glacial Maximum contraction model and the previous multiple glacial refugia hypotheses are rejected. This may be due to an increase in the amount of climatically favorable habitats in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, E. argus barbouri most likely represents an invalid taxon. The present study is the first to report a range-wide phylogeography of reptiles over such a large region in Northeast Asia. Our results make a significant contribution towards understanding the biogeography of the entire Northeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Natalia B. Ananjeva
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity Institute, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Mi-Sook Min
- Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
| | - Byambasuren Mijidsuren
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 210153, Mongolia;
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China;
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610223, China; (L.T.); (R.X.); (B.C.)
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8
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Feiner N, Yang W, Bunikis I, While GM, Uller T. Adaptive introgression reveals the genetic basis of a sexually selected syndrome in wall lizards. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9315. [PMID: 38569035 PMCID: PMC10990284 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The joint expression of particular colors, morphologies, and behaviors is a common feature of adaptation, but the genetic basis for such "phenotypic syndromes" remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a complex genetic architecture associated with a sexually selected syndrome in common wall lizards, by capitalizing on the adaptive introgression of coloration and morphology into a distantly related lineage. Consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of phenotypic syndromes in vertebrates is facilitated by developmental linkage through neural crest cells, most of the genes associated with the syndrome are involved in neural crest cell regulation. A major locus was a ~400-kb region, characterized by standing structural genetic variation and previously implied in the evolutionary innovation of coloration and beak size in birds. We conclude that features of the developmental and genetic architecture contribute to maintaining trait integration, facilitating the extensive and rapid introgressive spread of suites of sexually selected characters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weizhao Yang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ignas Bunikis
- Uppsala Genome Center, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey M. While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Gilbert E, Žagar A, López-Darias M, Megía-Palma R, Lister KA, Jones MD, Carretero MA, Serén N, Beltran-Alvarez P, Valero KCW. Environmental factors influence cross-talk between a heat shock protein and an oxidative stress protein modification in the lizard Gallotia galloti. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300111. [PMID: 38470891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Better understanding how organisms respond to their abiotic environment, especially at the biochemical level, is critical in predicting population trajectories under climate change. In this study, we measured constitutive stress biomarkers and protein post-translational modifications associated with oxidative stress in Gallotia galloti, an insular lizard species inhabiting highly heterogeneous environments on Tenerife. Tenerife is a small volcanic island in a relatively isolated archipelago off the West coast of Africa. We found that expression of GRP94, a molecular chaperone protein, and levels of protein carbonylation, a marker of cellular stress, change across different environments, depending on solar radiation-related variables and topology. Here, we report in a wild animal population, cross-talk between the baseline levels of the heat shock protein-like GRP94 and oxidative damage (protein carbonylation), which are influenced by a range of available temperatures, quantified through modelled operative temperature. This suggests a dynamic trade-off between cellular homeostasis and oxidative damage in lizards adapted to this thermally and topologically heterogeneous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gilbert
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Energy and Environment Institute, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Anamarija Žagar
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta López-Darias
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Karen A Lister
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Max Dolton Jones
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nina Serén
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina C Wollenberg Valero
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Wollenberg Valero KC. Brief Communication: The Predictable Network Topology of Evolutionary Genomic Constraint. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae033. [PMID: 38366776 PMCID: PMC10906983 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale comparative genomics studies offer valuable resources for understanding both functional and evolutionary rate constraints. It is suggested that constraint aligns with the topology of genomic networks, increasing toward the center, with intermediate nodes combining relaxed constraint with higher contributions to the phenotype due to pleiotropy. However, this pattern has yet to be demonstrated in vertebrates. This study shows that constraint intensifies toward the network's center in placental mammals. Genes with rate changes associated with emergence of hibernation cluster mostly toward intermediate positions, with higher constraint in faster-evolving genes, which is indicative of a "sweet spot" for adaptation. If this trend holds universally, network node metrics could predict high-constraint regions even in clades lacking empirical constraint data.
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11
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Naveira H, Rojo V, Gómez-Seoane I, Ferguson-Smith MA, Pereira JC, Martínez-Lage A. Chromosome evolution in Iberolacerta, a genus that deviates from the standard karyotype formula of Lacertidae. Genetica 2023; 151:267-279. [PMID: 37656321 PMCID: PMC10654178 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation of flow-sorted chromosome paints from the Iberian Rock lizard Iberolacerta monticola, exemplifying their subsequent use in cross-species comparisons of chromosome painting. We carried out comparative analyses of chromosome evolution in the congeneric species I. galani and I. bonnali, as well as in two other species of Lacertini (Lacerta schreiberi and Timon lepidus) whose sex chromosomes were also studied through comparative genomic hybridization. Most species of Lacertini possess a diplod number of 2n = 38, with 36 acrocentric macrochromosomes and 2 microchromosomes. However, the nine species included in the genus Iberolacerta do not possess microchromosomes. Furthermore, very conspicuous differences from the standard Lacertini karyotype were observed in the three Pyrenean species of this genus, which included several biarmed metacentrics and a Z1Z2W multiple sex-chromosome system. With the possible exception of L. schreiberi, all the species of the family Lacertidae described to date appear to share homologous Z chromosomes, which date back to the last common ancestor of the whole group. We provide conclusive evidence that L. schreiberi should no longer be considered an exception to this rule, and demonstrate that the loss of microchromosomes in Iberolacerta was produced by their fusion to a middle-sized chromosome. Furthermore, we show that the multiple sex-chromosome system of the Pyrenean species of Iberolacerta originated from the fusion of the ancestral W chromosome with one of the shortest autosomes, and provide additional evidence of the fast evolution of DNA sequences linked to the W chromosome in Lacertini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Naveira
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, CICA, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - Iván Gómez-Seoane
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jorge C Pereira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, AL 4AnimalS, Vila Real, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andrés Martínez-Lage
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, CICA, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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12
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Carballo-Morales JD, Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Villalobos F, Herrera-Alsina L. Thermal niche breadth and their relationship with sturnira bat species diversification. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103697. [PMID: 37683357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between climatic conditions and the ability of organisms to maintain homeostasis regulates the distribution of species on the planet. However, its influence on macroevolutionary dynamics is not well understood. It has been suggested that diversification rates will be different in lineages with narrow thermal niches (specialists) to diversification rates in generalist lineages, but the evidence for this is elusive. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using the most diverse (in species richness and geographic range variation) tropical bat genus within the Phyllostomidae family. We estimated the realized thermal niche breadth of Sturnira species from their geographic range and categorized them as generalists, cold specialists, or warm specialists. We compared dynamic evolutionary models that differ in 1) niche breadth evolution, 2) parental niche breadth inheritance, and 3) whether niche breadth evolution is associated with shifts in diversification rates. Our best-performing model indicates that most Sturnira species arose as specialists in warm climates and that over time, their niche breadth broadens, and just a subset of those species becomes specialists in cold environments. We found that the evolution of realized thermal niche breadth causes fluctuations in per-lineage rates of diversification, where warm specialists boast the highest speciation rates. However, we found no evidence of these changes in niche neither triggering nor being a result of speciation events themselves; this suggests that diversification events in Sturnira could instead depend on allopatric speciation processes such as the development of geographic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D Carballo-Morales
- Laboratorio de Sistemática, Genética y Evolución, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, CP 3000, Costa Rica; Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA.
| | - Romeo A Saldaña-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente Xabier Gorostiaga, S.J. Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Blvd. Del Niño Poblano No. 2901, Col. Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, C.P.72820, Mexico.
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Sistemática, Genética y Evolución, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, CP 3000, Costa Rica.
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13
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Mangiacotti M, Fumagalli M, Casali C, Biggiogera M, Forneris F, Sacchi R. Carbonic anhydrase IV in lizard chemical signals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14164. [PMID: 37644071 PMCID: PMC10465503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of chemical signals is subject to environmental constraints. A multicomponent signal may combine semiochemical molecules with supporting compounds able to enhance communication efficacy. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous enzymes catalysing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, a reaction involved in a variety of physiological processes as it controls the chemical environment of the different tissues or cellular compartments, thus contributing to the overall system homeostasis. CA-IV isoform has been recently identified by mass spectrometry in the femoral gland secretions (FG) of the marine iguana, where it has been hypothesized to contribute to the chemical stability of the signal, by regulating blend pH. Lizards, indeed, use FG to communicate by delivering the waxy secretion on bare substrate, where it is exposed to environmental stressors. Therefore, we expect that some molecules in the mixture may play supporting functions, enhancing the stability of the chemical environment, or even conferring homeostatic properties to the blend. CA-IV may well represent an important candidate to this hypothesized supporting/homeostatic function, and, therefore, we can expect it to be common in FG secretions of other lizard species. To evaluate this prediction and definitely validate CA identity, we analysed FG secretions of eight species of wall lizards (genus Podarcis), combining mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate CA-IV to actually occur in the FG of seven out of the eight considered species, providing an immunochemistry validation of mass-spectrometry identifications, and localizing the enzyme within the secretion mass. The predicted structure of the identified CA is compatible with the known enzymatic activity of CA-IV, supporting the hypothesis that CA play a signal homeostasis function and opening to new perspective about the role of proteins in vertebrate chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiacotti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Casali
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Veith Y, Wende AL, Matuschewski K, Schaer J, Müller K, Bannert B. Molecular characterization of Schellackia parasites in an urban population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) from Berlin, Germany. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07856-w. [PMID: 37222818 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lizards are hosts of several taxa of unicellular parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, including Karyolysus, Schellackia, Lankesterella, and Hepatozoon. Parasite prevalence and the impact of infections on lizard biology remain largely unexplored. In this study, blood parasite infections were investigated in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) from Berlin, Germany. Eighty-three individuals were investigated, and the detected blood parasites were identified as Schellackia sp. The combination of microscopic and molecular screening revealed a prevalence of 14.5%. Parasitemia values were low and most infections were subpatent. Phylogenetic analysis recovered a close relationship of the Schellackia parasites of this study with Schellackia sp. parasites of different Lacerta and Podarcis lizard species from Spain. Monitoring of Schellackia parasite infections in free-ranging lizards contributes to a better understanding of the distribution, diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of the neglected parasite taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Veith
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Luiza Wende
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Schaer
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Müller
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte Bannert
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Mangiacotti M, Baeckens S, Fumagalli M, Martín J, Scali S, Sacchi R. Protein-lipid Association in Lizard Chemical Signals. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad016. [PMID: 37228571 PMCID: PMC10205002 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication in terrestrial vertebrates is often built on complex blends, where semiochemical and structural compounds may form an integrated functional unit. In lizards, many species have specialized epidermal glands whose secretions are waxy, homogeneous blends of lipids and proteins, both active in communication. The intimate co-occurrence of such compounds allows us to hypothesize that they should undergo a certain degree of covariation, considering both their semiochemical role and the support-to-lipid function hypothesized for the protein fraction. In order to assess the occurrence and level of protein-lipid covariation, we compared the composition and complexity of the two fractions in the femoral gland secretions of 36 lizard species, combining phylogenetically-informed analysis with tandem mass spectrometry. We found the composition and complexity of the two fractions to be strongly correlated. The composition of the protein fraction was mostly influenced by the relative proportion of cholestanol, provitamin D3, stigmasterol, and tocopherol, while the complexity of the protein pattern increased with that of lipids. Additionally, two identified proteins (carbonic anhydrase and protein disulfide isomerase) increased their concentration as provitamin D3 became more abundant. Although our approach does not allow us to decrypt the functional relations between the proteinaceous and lipid components, nor under the semiochemical or structural hypothesis, the finding that the proteins involved in this association were enzymes opens up to new perspectives about protein role: They may confer dynamic properties to the blend, making it able to compensate predictable variation of the environmental conditions. This may expand the view about proteins in the support-to-lipid hypothesis, from being a passive and inert component of the secretions to become an active and dynamic one, thus providing cues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Baeckens
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - J Martín
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Scali
- Sezione Erpetologia, Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, Corso Venezia 55, IT-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sacchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Thompson A, Kapsanaki V, Liwanag HEM, Pafilis P, Wang IJ, Brock KM. Some like it hotter: Differential thermal preferences among lizard color morphs. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103532. [PMID: 37055135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature rules the lives of ectotherms. To perform basic biological functions, ectotherms must make behavioral adjustments to keep their body temperatures near a preferred temperature (Tpref). Many color polymorphic lizards are active thermoregulators and exhibit morph differences in traits related to thermoregulation, such as color, body size, and microhabitat use. The Aegean wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii, is a heliothermic lizard with orange, white, and yellow color morphs that differ in size, behavior, and microhabitat use. Here, we tested whether P. erhardii color morphs from the same population from Naxos island, Greece, differ in Tpref. We hypothesized that orange morphs would prefer lower temperatures than white and yellow morphs because orange morphs are often found on cooler substrates and in microhabitats with more vegetation cover. We obtained Tpref for 95 individuals using laboratory thermal gradient experiments of wild-caught lizards and found that orange morphs do, indeed, prefer cooler temperatures. Average orange morph Tpref was 2.85 °C lower than average white and yellow morph Tpref. Our results add support to the idea that P. erhardii color morphs have multivariate alternative phenotypes and present the possibility that thermally heterogeneous environments play a role in the maintenance of color polymorphism in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Thompson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vassiliki Kapsanaki
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Heather E M Liwanag
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Zoological Museum, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ian J Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kinsey M Brock
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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17
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Genetic diversity, phylogenetic position, and co-phylogenetic relationships of Karyolysus, a common blood parasite of lizards in the western Mediterranean. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:185-196. [PMID: 36736608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Karyolysus was originally proposed to accommodate blood parasites of lacertid lizards in Western Europe. However, recent phylogenetic analyses suggested an inconclusive taxonomic position of these parasites of the order Adeleorina based on the available genetic information. Inconsistencies between molecular phylogeny, morphology, and/or life cycles can reflect lack of enough genetic information of the target group. We therefore surveyed 28 localities and collected blood samples from 828 lizards of 23 species including lacertids, skinks, and geckoes in the western Mediterranean, North Africa, and Macaronesia, where species of Karyolysus and other adeleorine parasites have been described. We combined molecular and microscopic methods to analyze the samples, including those from the host type species and the type locality of Karyolysus bicapsulatus. The phylogenetic relationship of these parasites was analyzed based on the 18S rRNA gene and the co-phylogenetic relationship with their vertebrate hosts was reconstructed. We molecularly detected adeleorine parasites in 37.9% of the blood samples and found 22 new parasite haplotypes. A phylogenetic reconstruction with 132 sequences indicated that 20 of the newly detected haplotypes clustered in a well-supported clade with another 18 sequences that included Karyolysus galloti and Karyolysus lacazei. Morphological evidence also supported that K. bicapsulatus clustered in this monophyletic clade. These results supported the taxonomic validity of the genus. In addition, we found some parasite haplotypes that infected different lizard host genera with ancient diverging histories, which suggested that Karyolysus is less host-specific than other blood parasites of lizards in the region. A co-phylogenetic analysis supported this interpretation because no significant co-speciation signal was shown between Karyolysus and lizard hosts.
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Climatic variation along the distributional range in Cuban Anolis lizards: species and ecomorphs under future scenarios of climate change. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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19
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Genome Evolution and the Future of Phylogenomics of Non-Avian Reptiles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030471. [PMID: 36766360 PMCID: PMC9913427 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-avian reptiles comprise a large proportion of amniote vertebrate diversity, with squamate reptiles-lizards and snakes-recently overtaking birds as the most species-rich tetrapod radiation. Despite displaying an extraordinary diversity of phenotypic and genomic traits, genomic resources in non-avian reptiles have accumulated more slowly than they have in mammals and birds, the remaining amniotes. Here we review the remarkable natural history of non-avian reptiles, with a focus on the physical traits, genomic characteristics, and sequence compositional patterns that comprise key axes of variation across amniotes. We argue that the high evolutionary diversity of non-avian reptiles can fuel a new generation of whole-genome phylogenomic analyses. A survey of phylogenetic investigations in non-avian reptiles shows that sequence capture-based approaches are the most commonly used, with studies of markers known as ultraconserved elements (UCEs) especially well represented. However, many other types of markers exist and are increasingly being mined from genome assemblies in silico, including some with greater information potential than UCEs for certain investigations. We discuss the importance of high-quality genomic resources and methods for bioinformatically extracting a range of marker sets from genome assemblies. Finally, we encourage herpetologists working in genomics, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields to work collectively towards building genomic resources for non-avian reptiles, especially squamates, that rival those already in place for mammals and birds. Overall, the development of this cross-amniote phylogenomic tree of life will contribute to illuminate interesting dimensions of biodiversity across non-avian reptiles and broader amniotes.
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Montoya P, Cadena CD, Claramunt S, Duchêne DA. Environmental niche and flight intensity are associated with molecular evolutionary rates in a large avian radiation. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:95. [PMID: 35918644 PMCID: PMC9347078 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic activity and environmental energy are two of the most studied putative drivers of molecular evolutionary rates. Their extensive study, however, has resulted in mixed results and has rarely included the exploration of interactions among various factors impacting molecular evolutionary rates across large clades. Taking the diverse avian family Furnariidae as a case study, we examined the association between several estimates of molecular evolutionary rates with proxies of metabolic demands imposed by flight (wing loading and wing shape) and proxies of environmental energy across the geographic ranges of species (temperature and UV radiation). Results We found weak evidence of a positive effect of environmental and morphological variables on mitochondrial substitution rates. Additionally, we found that temperature and UV radiation interact to explain molecular rates at nucleotide sites affected by selection and population size (non-synonymous substitutions), contrary to the expectation of their impact on sites associated with mutation rates (synonymous substitutions). We also found a negative interaction between wing shape (as described by the hand-wing index) and body mass explaining mitochondrial molecular rates, suggesting molecular signatures of positive selection or reduced population sizes in small-bodied species with greater flight activity. Conclusions Our results suggest that the demands of flight and environmental energy pose multiple evolutionary pressures on the genome either by driving mutation rates or via their association with natural selection or population size. Data from whole genomes and detailed physiology across taxa will bring a more complete picture of the impact of metabolism, population size, and the environment on avian genome evolution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02047-0.
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21
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Chabaud C, Berroneau M, Berroneau M, Dupoué A, Guillon M, Viton R, Gavira RSB, Clobert J, Lourdais O, Le Galliard JF. Climate aridity and habitat drive geographical variation in morphology and thermo-hydroregulation strategies of a widespread lizard species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermo-hydroregulation strategies involve concurrent changes in functional traits related to energy, water balance and thermoregulation and play a key role in determining life-history traits and population demography of terrestrial ectotherms. Local thermal and hydric conditions should be important drivers of the geographical variation of thermo-hydroregulation strategies, but we lack studies that examine these changes across climatic gradients in different habitat types. Here, we investigated intraspecific variation of morphology and thermo-hydroregulation traits in the widespread European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara louislantzi) across a multidimensional environmental gradient involving independent variation in air temperature and rainfall and differences in habitat features (access to free-standing water and forest cover). We sampled adult males for morphology, resting metabolic rate, total and cutaneous evaporative water loss and thermal preferences in 15 populations from the rear to the leading edge of the distribution across an elevational gradient ranging from sea level to 1750 m. Besides a decrease in adult body size with increasing environmental temperatures, we found little effect of thermal conditions on thermo-hydroregulation strategies. In particular, relict lowland populations from the warm rear edge showed no specific ecophysiological adaptations. Instead, body mass, body condition and resting metabolic rate were positively associated with a rainfall gradient, while forest cover and water access in the habitat throughout the season also influenced cutaneous evaporative water loss. Our study emphasizes the importance of rainfall and habitat features rather than thermal conditions for geographical variation in lizard morphology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Chabaud
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS , UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois , France
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, Faculté Sciences et Ingénierie , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris , France
| | | | - Maud Berroneau
- Cistude Nature, Chemin du Moulinat , 33185 Le Haillan , France
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, Faculté Sciences et Ingénierie , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Michaël Guillon
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS , UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois , France
- Cistude Nature, Chemin du Moulinat , 33185 Le Haillan , France
| | - Robin Viton
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS , UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois , France
| | - Rodrigo S B Gavira
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS , UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois , France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS , UMR 5321, Route du CNRS, Moulis , France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS , UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois , France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, Faculté Sciences et Ingénierie , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris , France
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance) , 78 rue du château, 77140 Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours , France
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22
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First Genome of Rock Lizard Darevskia valentini Involved in Formation of Several Parthenogenetic Species. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091569. [PMID: 36140737 PMCID: PMC9498476 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extant reptiles are one of the most diverse clades among terrestrial vertebrates and one of a few groups with instances of parthenogenesis. Due to the hybrid origin of parthenogenetic species, reference genomes of the parental species as well as of the parthenogenetic progeny are indispensable to explore the genetic foundations of parthenogenetic reproduction. Here, we report on the first genome assembly of rock lizard Darevskia valentini, a paternal species for several parthenogenetic lineages. The novel genome was used in the reconstruction of the comprehensive phylogeny of Squamata inferred independently from 7369 trees of single-copy orthologs and a supermatrix of 378 conserved proteins. We also investigated Hox clusters, the loci that are often regarded as playing an important role in the speciation of animal groups with drastically diverse morphology. We demonstrated that Hox clusters of D. valentini are invaded with transposons and contain the HoxC1 gene that has been considered to be lost in the amniote ancestor. This study provides confirmation for previous works and releases new genomic data that will contribute to future discoveries on the mechanisms of parthenogenesis as well as support comparative studies among reptiles.
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23
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Žagar A, Simčič T, Dajčman U, Megía-Palma R. Parasitemia and elevation as predictors of hemoglobin concentration and antioxidant capacity in two sympatric lizards. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111233. [PMID: 35589083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies which quantify the influence of abiotic factors on physiological variation are paramount to comprehend organismal responses to diverse environments. We studied three physiological aspects of metabolism in two sympatric and ecologically similar European lizard species, Podarcis muralis and Iberolacerta horvathi, across an 830-m elevational gradient. We collected blood samples and tail tips from adult lizards, which were analyzed for parasitemia, hemoglobin concentration, potential metabolic activity and catalase activity. Hemoglobin concentration was higher in males than females and it increased across elevation in one of the studied species - P. muralis. Parasitemia was not an important predictor of the variation in hemoglobin concentration, which suggests that blood parasites do not constraint the aerobic capacity of the lizards. On the other hand, catalase activity reflected increased antioxidant activity in the presence of higher parasitemia, possibly acting as an adaptive mechanism to reduce oxidative stress during immune activation. Potential metabolic activity, as a proxy for maximum respiratory enzymatic capacity, did not differ between species or sexes nor was it affected by elevation or levels of parasitemia. The results provide insight into the relationships between physiological, biotic, and environmental traits in sympatric lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Žagar
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, P-4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Tatjana Simčič
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Dajčman
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, P-4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, P-4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Freitas S, Westram AM, Schwander T, Arakelyan M, Ilgaz Ç, Kumlutas Y, Harris DJ, Carretero MA, Butlin RK. Parthenogenesis in Darevskia lizards: A rare outcome of common hybridization, not a common outcome of rare hybridization. Evolution 2022; 76:899-914. [PMID: 35323995 PMCID: PMC9324800 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a common evolutionary process with multiple possible outcomes. In vertebrates, interspecific hybridization has repeatedly generated parthenogenetic hybrid species. However, it is unknown whether the generation of parthenogenetic hybrids is a rare outcome of frequent hybridization between sexual species within a genus or the typical outcome of rare hybridization events. Darevskia is a genus of rock lizards with both hybrid parthenogenetic and sexual species. Using capture sequencing, we estimate phylogenetic relationships and gene flow among the sexual species, to determine how introgressive hybridization relates to the origins of parthenogenetic hybrids. We find evidence for widespread hybridization with gene flow, both between recently diverged species and deep branches. Surprisingly, we find no signal of gene flow between parental species of the parthenogenetic hybrids, suggesting that the parental pairs were either reproductively or geographically isolated early in their divergence. The generation of parthenogenetic hybrids in Darevskia is, then, a rare outcome of the total occurrence of hybridization within the genus, but the typical outcome when specific species pairs hybridize. Our results question the conventional view that parthenogenetic lineages are generated by hybridization in a window of divergence. Instead, they suggest that some lineages possess specific properties that underpin successful parthenogenetic reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Freitas
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Anja Marie Westram
- IST AustriaKlosterneuburg3400Austria,Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøN‐8049Norway
| | - Tanja Schwander
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | | | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceDokuz Eylül Universityİzmir35400Turkey,Fauna and Flora Research CentreDokuz Eylül Universityİzmir35610Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kumlutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceDokuz Eylül Universityİzmir35400Turkey,Fauna and Flora Research CentreDokuz Eylül Universityİzmir35610Turkey
| | - David James Harris
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIOUniversidade do PortoCampus de VairãoVairão4485–661Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIOUniversidade do PortoCampus de VairãoVairão4485–661Portugal,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPorto4169‐007Portugal
| | - Roger K. Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom,Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSE‐40530Sweden
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25
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Penman Z, Deeming DC, Soulsbury CD. Ecological and life-history correlates of erythrocyte size and shape in Lepidosauria. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:708-718. [PMID: 35384114 PMCID: PMC9322653 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blood oxygen-carrying capacity is shaped both by the ambient oxygen availability as well as species-specific oxygen demand. Erythrocytes are a critical part of oxygen transport and both their size and shape can change in relation to species-specific life-history, behavioural or ecological conditions. Here, we test whether components of the environment (altitude), life history (reproductive mode, body temperature) and behaviour (diving, foraging mode) drive erythrocyte size variation in the Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and rhynchocephalians). We collected data on erythrocyte size (area) and shape (L/W: elongation ratio) from Lepidosauria across the globe (N = 235 species). Our analyses show the importance of oxygen requirements as a driver of erythrocyte size. Smaller erythrocytes were associated with the need for faster delivery (active foragers, high-altitude species, warmer body temperatures), whereas species with greater oxygen demands (diving species, viviparous species) had larger erythrocytes. Erythrocyte size shows considerable cross-species variation, with a range of factors linked to the oxygen delivery requirements being major drivers of these differences. A key future aspect for study would include within-individual plasticity and how changing states, for example, pregnancy, perhaps alter the size and shape of erythrocytes in Lepidosaurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Penman
- School of Life Sciences and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - D. Charles Deeming
- School of Life Sciences and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- School of Life Sciences and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
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26
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Ivan J, Moritz C, Potter S, Bragg J, Turakulov R, Hua X. Temperature predicts the rate of molecular evolution in Australian Eugongylinae skinks. Evolution 2022; 76:252-261. [PMID: 34486736 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature differences over time and space have been hypothesized to cause variation in the rate of molecular evolution of species, but empirical evidence is mixed. To further test this hypothesis, we utilized a large exon-capture sequence data of Australian Eugongylinae skinks, exemplifying a radiation of temperature-sensitive ectotherms spanning a large latitudinal gradient. The association between temperature (and other species traits) and long-term substitution rate was assessed based on 1268 sequenced exons of 44 species pairs from the Eugongylinae subfamily using regression analyses. Temperature is the strongest, positively correlated predictor of variation in substitution rate across the Australian Eugongylinae. It explains 45% of variation in synonymous substitution rate, and 11% after controlling for all the other factors. Synonymous substitution rate is also negatively associated with body size, with a 6% variation explained by body size after controlling for the effects of temperature. Other factors are not associated with synonymous substitution rate after controlling for temperature. Overall, this study points to temperature as a strong predictor of the molecular evolution rate in the Eugongylinae subfamily, and demonstrates the power of large-scale exonic data to identify correlates of the rate of molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Ivan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sally Potter
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jason Bragg
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rust Turakulov
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Xia Hua
- Mathematical Sciences Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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27
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Dajčman U, Carretero MA, Megía-Palma R, Perera A, Kostanjšek R, Žagar A. Shared haemogregarine infections in competing lacertids. Parasitology 2022; 149:193-202. [PMID: 35234602 PMCID: PMC11010482 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In parasite–host interactions host species may differ in their ability to fight parasitic infections, while other ecological interactions, including competition, may differentially alter their physiological state, making them even more susceptible to parasites. In this study, we analyse the haemogregarine blood parasites infecting two competing lizard species, Iberolacerta horvathi and Podarcis muralis, and explore host–parasite relationships under different host competition scenarios. Both species were infected with haemogregarine parasites belonging to the genus Karyolysus. Using the 18S rRNA gene, six new Karyolysus haplotypes were identified clustering with other Central and Eastern European samples, and widely shared between both lizard hosts. Haemogregarine infections were detected at all sampled sites with over 50% of individuals parasitized. Overall, I. horvathi was more frequently and also more intensely parasitized than P. muralis, with higher infection rates observed in syntopy. Males of both species tended to be more frequently infected and showed a higher infection intensity than conspecific females. The results suggest that parasitisation by haemogregarines may be relevant in the dynamics of the competitive relationship between these lizard species. More studies, including immunological response analysis, and the identification of the vectors are needed to better understand host–parasite relationships and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Dajčman
- Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO, InBIO – Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO, InBIO – Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, Parasitology Area, School of Pharmacy, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO, InBIO – Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rok Kostanjšek
- Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Žagar
- CIBIO, InBIO – Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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29
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Brock KM, McTavish EJ, Edwards DL. Color Polymorphism is a Driver of Diversification in the Lizard Family Lacertidae. Syst Biol 2021; 71:24-39. [PMID: 34146110 PMCID: PMC8677543 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Color polymorphism-two or more heritable color phenotypes maintained within a single breeding population-is an extreme type of intraspecific diversity widespread across the tree of life. Color polymorphism is hypothesized to be an engine for speciation, where morph loss or divergence between distinct color morphs within a species results in the rapid evolution of new lineages, and thus, color polymorphic lineages are expected to display elevated diversification rates. Multiple species in the lizard family Lacertidae are color polymorphic, making them an ideal group to investigate the evolutionary history of this trait and its influence on macroevolution. Here, we produce a comprehensive species-level phylogeny of the lizard family Lacertidae to reconstruct the evolutionary history of color polymorphism and test if color polymorphism has been a driver of diversification. Accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty with multiple phylogenies and simulation studies, we estimate an ancient origin of color polymorphism (111 Ma) within the Lacertini tribe (subfamily Lacertinae). Color polymorphism most likely evolved few times in the Lacertidae and has been lost at a much faster rate than gained. Evolutionary transitions to color polymorphism are associated with shifts in increased net diversification rate in this family of lizards. Taken together, our empirical results support long-standing theoretical expectations that color polymorphism is a driver of diversification.[Color polymorphism; Lacertidae; state-dependent speciation extinction models; trait-dependent diversification.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey M Brock
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced 5400 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95340 USA
- Quantitative & Systems Biology Graduate Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced 5400 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95340 USA
| | - Emily Jane McTavish
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced 5400 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95340 USA
| | - Danielle L Edwards
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced 5400 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95340 USA
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30
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Wencker LCM, Tschopp E, Villa A, Augé ML, Delfino M. Phylogenetic value of jaw elements of lacertid lizards (Squamata: Lacertoidea): a case study with Oligocene material from France. Cladistics 2021; 37:765-802. [PMID: 34841590 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several extinct species are known from the family Lacertidae, but due to poor preservation, many of them are based on single bones. Here, we compare phylogenetic signals of disarticulated premaxillae, maxillae and dentaries of lacertids from four French Oligocene localities (Coderet, La Colombière, Roqueprune 2, Mas de Got B). We identified five morphotypes among the premaxillae, six among the maxillae, and ten among the dentaries. These morphotypes were scored as individual taxa per locality into three separate character matrices with the same 246 characters, one matrix for each jaw element. Subsequently, the phylogenetic position of the morphotypes was tested using maximum parsimony. The consensus trees with the dentaries and the maxillae found a large polytomy including all taxa except the outgroup taxon Gekko gecko. The consensus tree with the premaxillae showed a considerably more resolved topology but found all morphotype taxa outside Lacertidae. In a second step, we compared the constitution of our three datasets and the morphotype taxa. Our results suggest that a combination of convergent characters and missing data led to the outgroup position of the premaxilla morphotype taxa. The poor resolution of the maxillae strict consensus is likely a consequence of their fragmentary preservation. For the dentaries, a high amount of missing data due to the high number of morphotype taxa most likely caused the poor tree resolution. Indeed, tests with fewer morphotypes found tree resolutions comparable to the premaxilla data. When linking the morphotypes, five possible lacertid "species" were found. Comparison with already known French Oligocene lacertid species points to a slightly higher species richness of Lacertidae at that time than known before. Reliable species classification based on phylogeny only seems possible when combining the jaw elements or in association with other cranial and postcranial material, putting some doubt on species identifications based on single bones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuel Tschopp
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso, 35, Turin, 10125, Italy.,Centrum für Naturkunde, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany.,Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West & 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Andrea Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso, 35, Turin, 10125, Italy.,SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Marc Louis Augé
- CR2P, UMR 7207 CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Massimo Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso, 35, Turin, 10125, Italy.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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31
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Xia XM, Yang MQ, Li CL, Huang SX, Jin WT, Shen TT, Wang F, Li XH, Yoichi W, Zhang LH, Zheng YR, Wang XQ. Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6413646. [PMID: 34718707 PMCID: PMC8760938 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary radiation is a widely recognized mode of species diversification, but its underlying mechanisms have not been unambiguously resolved for species-rich cosmopolitan plant genera. In particular, it remains largely unknown how biological and environmental factors have jointly driven its occurrence in specific regions. Here, we use Rhododendron, the largest genus of woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere, to investigate how geographic and climatic factors, as well as functional traits, worked together to trigger plant evolutionary radiations and shape the global patterns of species richness based on a solid species phylogeny. Using 3,437 orthologous nuclear genes, we reconstructed the first highly supported and dated backbone phylogeny of Rhododendron comprising 200 species that represent all subgenera, sections, and nearly all multispecies subsections, and found that most extant species originated by evolutionary radiations when the genus migrated southward from circumboreal areas to tropical/subtropical mountains, showing rapid increases of both net diversification rate and evolutionary rate of environmental factors in the Miocene. We also found that the geographically uneven diversification of Rhododendron led to a much higher diversity in Asia than in other continents, which was mainly driven by two environmental variables, that is, elevation range and annual precipitation, and were further strengthened by the adaptation of leaf functional traits. Our study provides a good example of integrating phylogenomic and ecological analyses in deciphering the mechanisms of plant evolutionary radiations, and sheds new light on how the intensification of the Asian monsoon has driven evolutionary radiations in large plant genera of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cong-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Tao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Wang
- West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan 611834, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi 332900, China
| | - Watanabe Yoichi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Le-Hua Zhang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi 332900, China
| | - Yuan-Run Zheng
- West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan 611834, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Yang W, Feiner N, Salvi D, Laakkonen H, Jablonski D, Pinho C, Carretero MA, Sacchi R, Zuffi MAL, Scali S, Plavos K, Pafilis P, Poulakakis N, Lymberakis P, Jandzik D, Schulte U, Aubret F, Badiane A, Perez I de Lanuza G, Abalos J, While GM, Uller T. Population genomics of wall lizards reflects the dynamic history of the Mediterranean Basin. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6413643. [PMID: 34718699 PMCID: PMC8760935 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin has experienced extensive change in geology and climate over the past six million years. Yet, the relative importance of key geological events for the distribution and genetic structure of the Mediterranean fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we use population genomic and phylogenomic analyses to establish the evolutionary history and genetic structure of common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). This species is particularly informative because, in contrast to other Mediterranean lizards, it is widespread across the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan Peninsulas, and in extra-Mediterranean regions. We found strong support for six major lineages within P. muralis, which were largely discordant with the phylogenetic relationship of mitochondrial DNA. The most recent common ancestor of extant P. muralis was likely distributed in the Italian Peninsula, and experienced an “Out-of-Italy” expansion following the Messinian salinity crisis (∼5 Mya), resulting in the differentiation into the extant lineages on the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan Peninsulas. Introgression analysis revealed that both inter- and intraspecific gene flows have been pervasive throughout the evolutionary history of P. muralis. For example, the Southern Italy lineage has a hybrid origin, formed through admixture between the Central Italy lineage and an ancient lineage that was the sister to all other P. muralis. More recent genetic differentiation is associated with the onset of the Quaternary glaciations, which influenced population dynamics and genetic diversity of contemporary lineages. These results demonstrate the pervasive role of Mediterranean geology and climate for the evolutionary history and population genetic structure of extant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Yang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Feiner
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Daniele Salvi
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, Italy Coppito L'Aquila
| | - Hanna Laakkonen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Slovakia in Bratislava, Bratislava
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169 - 007, Portugal
| | - Roberto Sacchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Marco A L Zuffi
- Museum Natural History, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56011, Italy
| | - Stefano Scali
- Museum of Natural History of Milan, Milano, 20121, Italy
| | | | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Faculty of Biology, Panepistimiopolis 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion, 71409, Greece.,Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Heraklion, 70013, GreeceFoundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Avenue, Heraklion, 71409, Greece
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Slovakia in Bratislava, Bratislava
| | - Ulrich Schulte
- Büro für Faunistische Gutachten-Dr. Ulrich Schulte, Kaiserstraße 2, Borgholzhausen, 33829, Germany
| | - Fabien Aubret
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- IMBE, Aix-Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Guillem Perez I de Lanuza
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, APT. 22085, 46071, Spain
| | - Javier Abalos
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, APT. 22085, 46071, Spain
| | - Geoffrey M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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33
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Garcia-Porta J, Irisarri I, Feugere L, Bates A, Kirchhof S, Jovanović Glavaš O, Pafilis P, Samuel SF, Müller J, Vences M, Turner AP, Beltran-Alvarez P, Storey KB. Functional genomics of abiotic environmental adaptation in lacertid lizards and other vertebrates. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:1163-1179. [PMID: 34695234 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genomic basis of adaptation to different abiotic environments is important in the context of climate change and resulting short-term environmental fluctuations. Using functional and comparative genomics approaches, we here investigated whether signatures of genomic adaptation to a set of environmental parameters are concentrated in specific subsets of genes and functions in lacertid lizards and other vertebrates. We first identify 200 genes with signatures of positive diversifying selection from transcriptomes of 24 species of lacertid lizards and demonstrate their involvement in physiological and morphological adaptations to climate. To understand how functionally similar these genes are to previously predicted candidate functions for climate adaptation and to compare them with other vertebrate species, we then performed a meta-analysis of 1,100 genes under selection obtained from -omics studies in vertebrate species adapted to different abiotic factors. We found that the vertebrate gene set formed a tightly connected interactome, which was to 23% enriched in previously predicted functions of adaptation to climate, and to a large part (18%) involved in organismal stress response. We found a much higher degree of identical genes being repeatedly selected among different animal groups (43.6%), and of functional similarity and post-translational modifications than expected by chance, and no clear functional division between genes used for ectotherm and endotherm physiological strategies. In total, 171 out of 200 genes of Lacertidae were part of this network. These results highlight an important role of a comparatively small set of genes and their functions in environmental adaptation and narrow the set of candidate pathways and markers to be used in future research on adaptation and stress response related to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Garcia-Porta
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institut Data Science (CIDAS), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lauric Feugere
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Adam Bates
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Sebastian Kirchhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.,New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sabrina F Samuel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander P Turner
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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34
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Kiourtsoglou A, Kaliontzopoulou A, Poursanidis D, Jablonski D, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Evidence of cryptic diversity in
Podarcis peloponnesiacus
and re‐evaluation of its current taxonomy; insights from genetic, morphological, and ecological data. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kiourtsoglou
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO‐InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Dimitris Poursanidis
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics Foundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion Greece
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
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35
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Lafuma F, Corfe IJ, Clavel J, Di-Poï N. Multiple evolutionary origins and losses of tooth complexity in squamates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6001. [PMID: 34650041 PMCID: PMC8516937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth act as tools for acquiring and processing food, thus holding a prominent role in vertebrate evolution. In mammals, dental-dietary adaptations rely on tooth complexity variations controlled by cusp number and pattern. Complexity increase through cusp addition has dominated the diversification of mammals. However, studies of Mammalia alone cannot reveal patterns of tooth complexity conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. Here, we use morphometric and phylogenetic comparative methods across fossil and extant squamates to show they also repeatedly evolved increasingly complex teeth, but with more flexibility than mammals. Since the Late Jurassic, multiple-cusped teeth evolved over 20 times independently from a single-cusped common ancestor. Squamates frequently lost cusps and evolved varied multiple-cusped morphologies at heterogeneous rates. Tooth complexity evolved in correlation with changes in plant consumption, resulting in several major increases in speciation. Complex teeth played a critical role in vertebrate evolution outside Mammalia, with squamates exemplifying a more labile system of dental-dietary evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lafuma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ian J Corfe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Geological Survey of Finland, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Julien Clavel
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Di-Poï
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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36
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Invasive Italian wall lizards outcompete native congeneric species in finding food in a Y-maze. Acta Ethol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-021-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Mangiacotti M, Baeckens S, Scali S, Martín J, Van Damme R, Sacchi R. Evolutionary and biogeographical support for species-specific proteins in lizard chemical signals. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The species-specific components of animal signals can facilitate species recognition and reduce the risks of mismatching and interbreeding. Nonetheless, empirical evidence for species-specific components in chemical signals is scarce and mostly limited to insect pheromones. Based on the proteinaceous femoral gland secretions of 36 lizard species (Lacertidae), we examine the species-specific component potential of proteins in lizard chemical signals. By quantitative comparison of the one-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of the protein fraction from femoral gland secretions, we first reveal that the protein composition is species specific, accounting for a large part of the observed raw variation and allowing us to discriminate species on this basis. Secondly, we find increased protein pattern divergence in sympatric, closely related species. Thirdly, lizard protein profiles show a low phylogenetic signal, a recent and steep increase in relative disparity and a high rate of evolutionary change compared with non-specifically signal traits (i.e. body size and shape). Together, these findings provide support for the species specificity of proteins in the chemical signals of a vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiacotti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simon Baeckens
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - José Martín
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raoul Van Damme
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roberto Sacchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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38
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Stellatelli OA, Vega LE, Block C, Rocca C, Bellagamba P, Dajil JE, Cruz FB. Latitudinal pattern of the thermal sensitivity of running speed in the endemic lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus. Integr Zool 2021; 17:619-637. [PMID: 34496145 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physiological performance in lizards may be affected by climate across latitudinal or altitudinal gradients. In the coastal dune barriers in central-eastern Argentina, the annual maximum environmental temperature decreases up to 2°C from low to high latitudes, while the mean relative humidity of the air decreases from 50% to 25%. Liolaemus multimaculatus, a lizard in the family Liolaemidae, is restricted to these coastal dunes. We investigated the locomotor performance of the species at 6 different sites distributed throughout its range in these dune barriers. We inquired whether locomotor performance metrics were sensitive to the thermal regime attributable to latitude. The thermal performance breadth increased from 7% to 82% with latitude, due to a decrease in its critical thermal minimum of up to 5°C at higher latitudes. Lizards from high latitude sites showed a thermal optimum, that is, the body temperature at which maximum speed is achieved, up to 4°C lower than that of lizards from the low latitude. At relatively low temperatures, the maximum running speed of high-latitude individuals was faster than that of low-latitude ones. Thermal parameters of locomotor performance were labile, decreasing as a function of latitude. These results show populations of L. multimaculatus adjust thermal physiology to cope with local climatic variations. This suggests that thermal sensitivity responds to the magnitude of latitudinal fluctuations in environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Aníbal Stellatelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura E Vega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Block
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Camila Rocca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Esteban Dajil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Félix Benjamín Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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39
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Srinivasulu A, Srinivasulu B, Srinivasulu C. Ecological niche modelling for the conservation of endemic threatened squamates (lizards and snakes) in the Western Ghats. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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40
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Georgalis GL, Scheyer TM. Lizards and snakes from the earliest Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France: an anatomical and histological approach of some of the oldest Neogene squamates from Europe. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:144. [PMID: 34256702 PMCID: PMC8278609 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earliest Miocene (Aquitanian) represents a crucial time interval in the evolution of European squamates (i.e., lizards and snakes), witnessing a high diversity of taxa, including an array of extinct forms but also representatives of extant genera. We here conduct a taxonomical survey along with a histological/microanatomical approach on new squamate remains from the earliest Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France, an area that has been well known for its fossil discoveries since the nineteenth century. RESULTS We document new occurrences of taxa, among which, the lacertid Janosikia and the anguid Ophisaurus holeci, were previously unknown from France. We provide a detailed description of the anatomical structures of the various cranial and postcranial remains of lizards and snakes from Saint-Gérand-le-Puy. By applying micro-CT scanning in the most complete cranial elements of our sample, we decipher previously unknown microanatomical features. We report in detail the subsurface distribution and 3D connectivity of vascular channels in the anguid parietal. The fine meshwork of channels and cavities or sinuses in the parietal of Ophisaurus could indicate some thermoregulatory function, as it has recently been demonstrated for other vertebrate groups, providing implications for the palaeophysiology of this earliest Miocene anguine lizard. CONCLUSIONS A combination of anatomical and micro-anatomical/histological approach, aided by micro-CT scanning, enabled the documentation of these new earliest Miocene squamate remains. A distinct geographic expansion is provided for the extinct anguine Ophisaurus holeci and the lacertid Janosikia (the closest relative of the extant insular Gallotia from the Canary Islands).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios L Georgalis
- University of Zurich, Palaeontological Institute and Museum, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Torsten M Scheyer
- University of Zurich, Palaeontological Institute and Museum, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
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41
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Roycroft E, Achmadi A, Callahan CM, Esselstyn JA, Good JM, Moussalli A, Rowe KC. Molecular Evolution of Ecological Specialisation: Genomic Insights from the Diversification of Murine Rodents. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6275684. [PMID: 33988699 PMCID: PMC8258016 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiations are characterized by the diversification and ecological differentiation of species, and replicated cases of this process provide natural experiments for understanding the repeatability and pace of molecular evolution. During adaptive radiation, genes related to ecological specialization may be subject to recurrent positive directional selection. However, it is not clear to what extent patterns of lineage-specific ecological specialization (including phenotypic convergence) are correlated with shared signatures of molecular evolution. To test this, we sequenced whole exomes from a phylogenetically dispersed sample of 38 murine rodent species, a group characterized by multiple, nested adaptive radiations comprising extensive ecological and phenotypic diversity. We found that genes associated with immunity, reproduction, diet, digestion, and taste have been subject to pervasive positive selection during the diversification of murine rodents. We also found a significant correlation between genome-wide positive selection and dietary specialization, with a higher proportion of positively selected codon sites in derived dietary forms (i.e., carnivores and herbivores) than in ancestral forms (i.e., omnivores). Despite striking convergent evolution of skull morphology and dentition in two distantly related worm-eating specialists, we did not detect more genes with shared signatures of positive or relaxed selection than in a nonconvergent species comparison. Although a small number of the genes we detected can be incidentally linked to craniofacial morphology or diet, protein-coding regions are unlikely to be the primary genetic basis of this complex convergent phenotype. Our results suggest a link between positive selection and derived ecological phenotypes, and highlight specific genes and general functional categories that may have played an integral role in the extensive and rapid diversification of murine rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roycroft
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anang Achmadi
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Colin M Callahan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Jacob A Esselstyn
- Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Good
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.,Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Adnan Moussalli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin C Rowe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Yang W, Feiner N, Pinho C, While GM, Kaliontzopoulou A, Harris DJ, Salvi D, Uller T. Extensive introgression and mosaic genomes of Mediterranean endemic lizards. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2762. [PMID: 33980851 PMCID: PMC8114931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity, fuelled by climatic oscillation and geological change over the past 20 million years. Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis are among the most abundant, diverse, and conspicuous Mediterranean fauna. Here, we unravel the remarkably entangled evolutionary history of wall lizards by sequencing genomes of 34 major lineages covering 26 species. We demonstrate an early (>11 MYA) separation into two clades centred on the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, and two clades of Mediterranean island endemics. Diversification within these clades was pronounced between 6.5-4.0 MYA, a period spanning the Messinian Salinity Crisis, during which the Mediterranean Sea nearly dried up before rapidly refilling. However, genetic exchange between lineages has been a pervasive feature throughout the entire history of wall lizards. This has resulted in a highly reticulated pattern of evolution across the group, characterised by mosaic genomes with major contributions from two or more parental taxa. These hybrid lineages gave rise to several of the extant species that are endemic to Mediterranean islands. The mosaic genomes of island endemics may have promoted their extraordinary adaptability and striking diversity in body size, shape and colouration, which have puzzled biologists for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Yang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Geoffrey M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Daniele Salvi
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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43
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Ibargüengoytía NR, Medina M, Laspiur A, Qu YF, Peralta CAR, Sinervo B, Miles DB. Looking at the past to infer into the future: Thermal traits track environmental change in Liolaemidae. Evolution 2021; 75:2348-2370. [PMID: 33939188 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of habitats generated by the Andes uplift resulted a mosaic of heterogeneous environments in South America for species to evolve a variety of ecological and physiological specializations. Species in the lizard family Liolaemidae occupy a myriad of habitats in the Andes. Here, we analyze the tempo and mode of evolution in the thermal biology of liolaemids. We assessed whether there is evidence of local adaptation (lability) or conservatism (stasis) in thermal traits. We tested the hypothesis that abiotic factors (e.g., geography, climate) rather than intrinsic factors (egg-laying [oviparous] or live-bearing [viviparous], substrate affinity) explain variation in field active body temperature (Tb ), preferred temperature (Tp ), hours of restriction of activity, and potential hours of activity. Although most traits exhibited high phylogenetic signal, we found variation in thermal biology was shaped by geography, climate, and ecological diversity. Ancestral character reconstruction showed shifts in Tb tracked environmental change in the past ∼20,000 years. Thermal preference is 3°C higher than Tb , yet exhibited a lower rate of evolution than Tb and air temperature. Viviparous Liolaemus have lower Tb s than oviparous species, whereas Tp is high for both modes of reproduction, a key difference that results in a thermal buffer for viviparous species to cope with global warming. The rapid increase in environmental temperatures expected in the next 50-80 years in combination with anthropogenic loss of habitats are projected to cause extirpations and extinctions in oviparous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ruth Ibargüengoytía
- Ecophysiology and Life History of Reptiles: Research Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marlin Medina
- CIEMEP, CONICET. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Laspiur
- Ecophysiology and Life History of Reptiles: Research Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Yan-Fu Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Coastal Sciences Building, 130, McAllister Way, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95065, USA.,Deceased
| | - Donald B Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, 131 Life Sciences Building, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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44
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Childers JL, Kirchhof S, Bauer AM. Lizards of a different stripe: phylogenetics of the Pedioplanis undata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of two new species. ZOOSYST EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.97.61351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacertid genus Pedioplanis is a moderately speciose group of small-bodied, cryptically-colored lizards found in arid habitats throughout southern Africa. Previous phylogenetic work on Pedioplanis has determined its placement within the broader context of the Lacertidae, but interspecific relations within the genus remain unsettled, particularly within the P. undata species complex, a group largely endemic to Namibia. We greatly expanded taxon sampling for members of the P. undata complex and other Pedioplanis, and generated molecular sequence data from 1,937 bp of mtDNA (ND2 and cytb) and 2,015 bp of nDNA (KIF24, PRLR, RAG-1) which were combined with sequences from GenBank resulting in a final dataset of 455 individuals. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses recover similar phylogenetic results and reveal the polyphyly of P. undata and P. inornata as presently construed. We confirm that P. husabensis is sister to the group comprising the P. undata complex plus the Angolan sister species P. huntleyi + P. haackei and demonstrate that P. benguelensis lies outside of this clade in its entirety. The complex itself comprises six species including P. undata, P. inornata, P. rubens, P. gaerdesi and two previously undescribed entities. Based on divergence date estimates, the P. undata species complex began diversifying in the late Miocene (5.3 ± 1.6 MYA) with the most recent cladogenetic events dating to the Pliocene (2.6 ± 1.0 MYA), making this assemblage relatively young compared to the genus Pedioplanis as a whole, the origin of which dates back to the mid-Miocene (13.5 ± 1.8 MYA). Using an integrative approach, we here describe Pedioplanis branchisp. nov. and Pedioplanis mayerisp. nov. representing northern populations previously assigned to P. inornata and P. undata, respectively. These entities were first flagged as possible new species by Berger-Dell’mour and Mayer over thirty years ago but were never formally described. The new species are supported chiefly by differences in coloration and by unique amino acid substitutions. We provide comprehensive maps depicting historical records based on museum specimens plus new records from this study for all members of the P. undata complex and P. husabensis. We suggest that climatic oscillations of the Upper Miocene and Pliocene-Pleistocene era in concert with the formation of biogeographic barriers have led to population isolation, gene flow restrictions and ultimately cladogenesis in the P. undata complex.
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Jablonski D, Ribeiro-Júnior MA, Meiri S, Maza E, Kukushkin OV, Chirikova M, Pirosová A, Jelić D, Mikulíček P, Jandzik D. Morphological and genetic differentiation in the anguid lizard Pseudopus apodus supports the existence of an endemic subspecies in the Levant. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e60800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Levant represents one of the most important reptile diversity hotspots and centers of endemism in the Western Palearctic. The region harbored numerous taxa in glacial refugia during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Due to the hostile arid conditions in the warmer periods they were not always able to spread or come into contact with populations from more distant regions. One large and conspicuous member of the Levantine herpetofauna is the legless anguid lizardPseudopus apodus. This species is distributed from the Balkans to Central Asia with a portion of its range running along the eastern Mediterranean coast. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, microsatellite genotypes, and morphology show that populations in this region differ from the two named subspecies and presumably had a long independent evolutionary history during the Quaternary. Here we describe the Levantine population as a new subspecies and present biogeographic scenarios for its origin and diversification. The new subspecies is genetically highly diverse, and it forms a sister lineage toPseudopusfrom the remaining parts of the range according to mtDNA. It is the largest-bodied of the three subspecies, but occupies the smallest range.
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46
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Williams RJ, Dunn AM, Mendes da Costa L, Hassall C. Climate and habitat configuration limit range expansion and patterns of dispersal in a non-native lizard. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3332-3346. [PMID: 33841787 PMCID: PMC8019037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. As introduced, populations increase in abundance and geographical range, so does the potential for negative impacts on native communities. As such, there is a need to better understand the processes driving range expansion as species become established in recipient landscapes. Through an investigation into capacity for population growth and range expansion of introduced populations of a non-native lizard (Podarcis muralis), we aimed to demonstrate how multi-scale factors influence spatial spread, population growth, and invasion potential in introduced species. We collated location records of P. muralis presence in England, UK through data collected from field surveys and a citizen science campaign. We used these data as input for presence-background models to predict areas of climate suitability at a national-scale (5 km resolution), and fine-scale habitat suitability at the local scale (2 m resolution). We then integrated local models into an individual-based modeling platform to simulate population dynamics and forecast range expansion for 10 populations in heterogeneous landscapes. National-scale models indicated climate suitability has restricted the species to the southern parts of the UK, primarily by a latitudinal cline in overwintering conditions. Patterns of population growth and range expansion were related to differences in local landscape configuration and heterogeneity. Growth curves suggest populations could be in the early stages of exponential growth. However, annual rates of range expansion are predicted to be low (5-16 m). We conclude that extensive nationwide range expansion through secondary introduction is likely to be restricted by currently unsuitable climate beyond southern regions of the UK. However, exponential growth of local populations in habitats providing transport pathways is likely to increase opportunities for regional expansion. The broad habitat niche of P. muralis, coupled with configuration of habitat patches in the landscape, allows populations to increase locally with minimal dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Williams
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Alison M. Dunn
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Lily Mendes da Costa
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Christopher Hassall
- Faculty of Biological SciencesSchool of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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47
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Salvi D, Pinho C, Mendes J, Harris DJ. Fossil-calibrated time tree of Podarcis wall lizards provides limited support for biogeographic calibration models. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107169. [PMID: 33798673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Podarcis wall lizards are endemic to the Mediterranean Basin where they represent the predominant reptile group. Despite being extensively used as model organisms in evolutionary and ecological studies their phylogeny and historical biogeography are still incompletely resolved. Moreover, molecular clock calibrations used in wall lizard phylogeography are based on the assumption of vicariant speciation triggered by the abrupt Mediterranean Sea level rise at the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC). However, the validity of this biogeographic calibration remains untested. In this study we inferred a robust time tree based on multilocus data and fossil calibrations using both gene concatenation and species-tree approaches and including models with gene-flow. We found five deeply divergent, geographically coherent, and well-supported clades comprising species from i) Iberian Peninsula and North Africa; ii) Western Mediterranean islands, iii) Sicilian and Maltese islands; and iv-v) Balkan region and Aegean islands. The mitochondrial tree shows some inconsistencies with the species tree that warrant future investigation. Diversification of main clades is estimated in a short time frame during the Middle Miocene and might have been associated with a period of global climate cooling with the establishment of a marked climatic zonation in Europe. Cladogenetic events within the main clades are scattered throughout the time tree, from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, suggesting that speciation events in wall lizards reflect a complex interplay between regional topography, climate and geological history rather than a shared major climatic or paleogeographic event. Our absolute time estimates, as well as a relative dating approach, demonstrate that the assumption of a causal link between sea-level rise at the end of the MSC and the diversification of many island endemics is not justified. This study reinforces the notion that multiple dispersal and vicariant events, at different time frames, are required to explain current allopatric distributions and to account for the historical assembly of Mediterranean biota, and cautions against the use of biogeographic calibrations based on the assumption of vicariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Salvi
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy; CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Joana Mendes
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
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48
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49
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McGaughran A, Laver R, Fraser C. Evolutionary Responses to Warming. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:591-600. [PMID: 33726946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to dramatically alter biological diversity and distributions, driving extirpations, extinctions, and extensive range shifts across the globe. Warming can also, however, lead to phenotypic or behavioural plasticity, as species adapt to new conditions. Recent genomic research indicates that some species are capable of rapid evolution as selection favours adaptive responses to environmental change and altered or novel niche spaces. New advances are providing mechanistic insights into how temperature might accelerate evolution in the Anthropocene. These discoveries highlight intriguing new research directions - such as using geothermal and polar systems combined with powerful genomic tools - that will help us to understand the processes underpinning adaptive evolution and better project how ecosystems will change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McGaughran
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Laver
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ceridwen Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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50
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Kirchhof S, Lyra ML, Rodríguez A, Ineich I, Müller J, Rödel MO, Trape JF, Vences M, Boissinot S. Mitogenome analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of a probable Eocene wet tropics relic in the xerophile lizard genus Acanthodactylus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4858. [PMID: 33649347 PMCID: PMC7921649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate has a large impact on diversity and evolution of the world's biota. The Eocene-Oligocene transition from tropical climate to cooler, drier environments was accompanied by global species turnover. A large number of Old World lacertid lizard lineages have diversified after the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. One of the most speciose reptile genera in the arid Palearctic, Acanthodactylus, contains two sub-Saharan species with unresolved phylogenetic relationship and unknown climatic preferences. We here aim to understand how and when adaptation to arid conditions occurred in Acanthodactylus and when tropical habitats where entered. Using whole mitogenomes from fresh and archival DNA and published sequences we recovered a well-supported Acanthodactylus phylogeny and underpinned the timing of diversification with environmental niche analyses of the sub-Saharan species A. guineensis and A. boueti in comparison to all arid Acanthodactylus. We found that A. guineensis represents an old lineage that splits from a basal node in the Western clade, and A. boueti is a derived lineage and probably not its sister. Their long branches characterize them-and especially A. guineensis-as lineages that may have persisted for a long time without further diversification or have undergone multiple extinctions. Environmental niche models verified the occurrence of A. guineensis and A. boueti in hot humid environments different from the other 42 arid Acanthodactylus species. While A. guineensis probably remained in tropical habitat from periods prior to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, A. boueti entered tropical environments independently at a later period. Our results provide an important baseline for studying adaptation and the transition from humid to arid environments in Lacertidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kirchhof
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mariana L Lyra
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, CEP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ariel Rodríguez
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Ineich
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université des Antilles, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie médicale, IRD, UMR MIVEGEC, B. P. 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stéphane Boissinot
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, United Arab Emirates
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