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Hanania JU, Reimers E, Bevington CWJ, Sossi V. PET-based brain molecular connectivity in neurodegenerative disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2024:00019052-990000000-00169. [PMID: 38813843 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular imaging has traditionally been used and interpreted primarily in the context of localized and relatively static neurochemical processes. New understanding of brain function and development of novel molecular imaging protocols and analysis methods highlights the relevance of molecular networks that co-exist and interact with functional and structural networks. Although the concept and evidence of disease-specific metabolic brain patterns has existed for some time, only recently has such an approach been applied in the neurotransmitter domain and in the context of multitracer and multimodal studies. This review briefly summarizes initial findings and highlights emerging applications enabled by this new approach. RECENT FINDINGS Connectivity based approaches applied to molecular and multimodal imaging have uncovered molecular networks with neurodegeneration-related alterations to metabolism and neurotransmission that uniquely relate to clinical findings; better disease stratification paradigms; an improved understanding of the relationships between neurochemical and functional networks and their related alterations, although the directionality of these relationships are still unresolved; and a new understanding of the molecular underpinning of disease-related alteration in resting-state brain activity. SUMMARY Connectivity approaches are poised to greatly enhance the information that can be extracted from molecular imaging. While currently mostly contributing to enhancing understanding of brain function, they are highly likely to contribute to the identification of specific biomarkers that will improve disease management and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Reimers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Cole RH, Moussawi K, Joffe ME. Opioid modulation of prefrontal cortex cells and circuits. Neuropharmacology 2024; 248:109891. [PMID: 38417545 PMCID: PMC10939756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Several neurochemical systems converge in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to regulate cognitive and motivated behaviors. A rich network of endogenous opioid peptides and receptors spans multiple PFC cell types and circuits, and this extensive opioid system has emerged as a key substrate underlying reward, motivation, affective behaviors, and adaptations to stress. Here, we review the current evidence for dysregulated cortical opioid signaling in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We begin by providing an introduction to the basic anatomy and function of the cortical opioid system, followed by a discussion of endogenous and exogenous opioid modulation of PFC function at the behavioral, cellular, and synaptic level. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of endogenous opioid targets in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, synthesizing clinical reports of altered opioid peptide and receptor expression and activity in human patients and summarizing new developments in opioid-based medications. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Cole
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Max E Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Shatalina E, Ashok AH, Wall MB, Nour MM, Myers J, Reis Marques T, Rabiner EA, Howes OD. Reward processing in schizophrenia and its relation to Mu opioid receptor availability and negative symptoms: A [ 11C]-carfentanil PET and fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103481. [PMID: 37517175 PMCID: PMC10400918 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and are thought to underlie negative symptoms. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that opioid neurotransmission is linked to reward processing. However, the contribution of Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) signalling to the reward processing abnormalities in schizophrenia is unknown. Here, we examined the association between MOR availability and the neural processes underlying reward anticipation in patients with schizophrenia using multimodal neuroimaging. METHOD 37 subjects (18 with Schizophrenia with moderate severity negative symptoms and 19 age and sex-matched healthy controls) underwent a functional MRI scan while performing the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task to measure the neural response to reward anticipation. Participants also had a [11C]-carfentanil PET scan to measure MOR availability. RESULTS Reward anticipation was associated with increased neural activation in a widespread network of brain regions including the striatum. Patients with schizophrenia had both significantly lower MOR availability in the striatum as well as striatal hypoactivation during reward anticipation. However, there was no association between MOR availability and striatal neural activity during reward anticipation in either patient or controls (Pearson's Correlation, controls df = 17, r = 0.321, p = 0.18, patients df = 16, r = 0.295, p = 0.24). There was no association between anticipation-related neural activation and negative symptoms (r = -0.120, p = 0.14) or anhedonia severity (social r = -0.365, p = 0.14 physical r = -0.120, p = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest reduced MOR availability in schizophrenia might not underlie striatal hypoactivation during reward anticipation in patients with established illness. Therefore, other mechanisms, such as dopamine dysfunction, warrant further investigation as treatment targets for this aspect of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shatalina
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Abhishekh H Ashok
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK; Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Invicro, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (WCHN), University College London, London, UK
| | - Jim Myers
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK.
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4
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Hou C, Jiang S, Liu M, Li H, Zhang L, Duan M, Yao G, He H, Yao D, Luo C. Spatiotemporal dynamics of functional connectivity and association with molecular architecture in schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2023:7179746. [PMID: 37231204 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a self-disorder characterized by disrupted brain dynamics and architectures of multiple molecules. This study aims to explore spatiotemporal dynamics and its association with psychiatric symptoms. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 98 patients with schizophrenia. Brain dynamics included the temporal and spatial variations in functional connectivity density and association with symptom scores were evaluated. Moreover, the spatial association between dynamics and receptors/transporters according to prior molecular imaging in healthy subjects was examined. Patients demonstrated decreased temporal variation and increased spatial variation in perceptual and attentional systems. However, increased temporal variation and decreased spatial variation were revealed in higher order networks and subcortical networks in patients. Specifically, spatial variation in perceptual and attentional systems was associated with symptom severity. Moreover, case-control differences were associated with dopamine, serotonin and mu-opioid receptor densities, serotonin reuptake transporter density, dopamine transporter density, and dopamine synthesis capacity. Therefore, this study implicates the abnormal dynamic interactions between the perceptual system and cortical core networks; in addition, the subcortical regions play a role in the dynamic interaction among the cortical regions in schizophrenia. These convergent findings support the importance of brain dynamics and emphasize the contribution of primary information processing to the pathological mechanism underlying schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Hou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Hechun Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
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Sala A, Lizarraga A, Caminiti SP, Calhoun VD, Eickhoff SB, Habeck C, Jamadar SD, Perani D, Pereira JB, Veronese M, Yakushev I. Brain connectomics: time for a molecular imaging perspective? Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:353-366. [PMID: 36621368 PMCID: PMC10432882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades brain connectomics has evolved into a major concept in neuroscience. However, the current perspective on brain connectivity and how it underpins brain function relies mainly on the hemodynamic signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Molecular imaging provides unique information inaccessible to MRI-based and electrophysiological techniques. Thus, positron emission tomography (PET) has been successfully applied to measure neural activity, neurotransmission, and proteinopathies in normal and pathological cognition. Here, we position molecular imaging within the brain connectivity framework from the perspective of timeliness, validity, reproducibility, and resolution. We encourage the neuroscientific community to take an integrative approach whereby MRI-based, electrophysiological techniques, and molecular imaging contribute to our understanding of the brain connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Aldana Lizarraga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain, and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharna D Jamadar
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden; Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University, 20502 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Sone D, Galovic M, Myers J, Leonhardt G, Rabiner I, Duncan JS, Koepp MJ, Foong J. Contribution of the μ-opioid receptor system to affective disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy: A bidirectional relationship? Epilepsia 2023; 64:420-429. [PMID: 36377838 PMCID: PMC10107876 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Affective disorders are frequent comorbidities of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in both epilepsy and affective disorders, and may play a significant role in their bidirectional relationship. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between μ-opioid receptor binding and affective disorders in patients with TLE. METHODS Nine patients with TLE and depression/anxiety underwent 11 C-carfentanil positron emission tomography (CFN PET) and neuropsychiatric assessment, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The normalized CFN PET scans were compared with those of 26 age-matched healthy controls. Correlation analyses with affective symptoms were performed by region of interest-based analysis focusing on the limbic circuit and orbitofrontal cortex. RESULTS We observed widely reduced CFN binding potential (BP) in bilateral frontal lobes and striata in patients with TLE compared to healthy controls. In the TLE group, more severe anxiety and negative affect were associated with decreased CFN BP in the posterior cingulate gyrus. SIGNIFICANCE In patients with TLE, interictally reduced binding in the opioid system was associated with higher levels of anxiety and negative affect. We speculate that seizure-related agonist-driven desensitization and downregulation of opioid receptors could be a potential underlying pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jim Myers
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Georg Leonhardt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospitals, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Foong
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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7
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Bending and bonding: a randomized controlled trial on the socio-psychobiological effects of spiritual versus secular yoga practice on social bonding. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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The mu opioid receptor and the orphan receptor GPR151 contribute to social reward in the habenula. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20234. [PMID: 36424418 PMCID: PMC9691715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor (MOR) and the orphan GPR151 receptor are inhibitory G protein coupled receptors that are enriched in the habenula, a small brain region involved in aversion processing, addiction and mood disorders. While MOR expression in the brain is widespread, GPR151 expression is restricted to the habenula. In a previous report, we created conditional ChrnB4-Cre × Oprm1fl/fl (so-called B4MOR) mice, where MORs are deleted specifically in Chrnb4-positive neurons restricted to the habenula, and shown a role for these receptors in naloxone aversion. Here we characterized the implication of habenular MORs in social behaviors. B4MOR-/- mice and B4MOR+/+ mice were compared in several social behavior measures, including the chronic social stress defeat (CSDS) paradigm, the social preference (SP) test and social conditioned place preference (sCPP). In the CSDS, B4MOR-/- mice showed lower preference for the social target (unfamiliar mouse of a different strain) at baseline, providing a first indication of deficient social interactions in mice lacking habenular MORs. In the SP test, B4MOR-/- mice further showed reduced sociability for an unfamiliar conspecific mouse. In the sCPP, B4MOR-/- mice also showed impaired place preference for their previous familiar littermates after social isolation. We next created and tested Gpr151-/- mice in the SP test, and also found reduced social preference compared to Gpr151+/+ mice. Altogether our results support the underexplored notion that the habenula regulates social behaviors. Also, our data suggest that the inhibitory habenular MOR and GPR151 receptors normally promote social reward, possibly by dampening the aversive habenula activity.
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El Hayek SA, Shatila MA, Adnan JA, Geagea LE, Kobeissy F, Talih FR. Is there a therapeutic potential in combining bupropion and naltrexone in schizophrenia? Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:737-749. [PMID: 36093756 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A sustained-release tablet composed of a combination of the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor bupropion (BUP) and the µ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NAT) is marketed under the brand name Contrave by Orexigen Therapeutics for appetite control. Minimal literature is available regarding the use of combination bupropion and naltrexone (BUPNAT) in individuals with schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED In this review, we propose a theoretical model where BUPNAT may have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of schizophrenia. We explore the pathways targeted by the constituent drugs BUP and NAT and summarize the literature on their efficacy and possible adverse effects. We then look at the potential use of BUPNAT in schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION Research has hinted that BUP's dopaminergic properties affect the same striatal pathways involved in schizophrenia. NAT, via opioid receptor antagonism, indirectly increases striatal dopamine release by disinhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. As such, we hypothesize that BUPNAT can have a therapeutic effect in schizophrenia, particularly on negative symptoms. We also suggest that it may ameliorate comorbidities frequently seen in this group of patients, including obesity, smoking, and substance use. Further research and clinical data are needed to elucidate the potential clinical benefits of BUPNAT in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A. El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Malek A. Shatila
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jana A. Adnan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luna E. Geagea
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farid R. Talih
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Hill KR, Hsu DT, Taylor SF, Ogden RT, DeLorenzo C, Parsey RV. Rejection sensitivity and mu opioid receptor dynamics associated with mood alterations in response to social feedback. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 324:111505. [PMID: 35688046 PMCID: PMC9338686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the heightened expectation or perception of social rejection and is a feature of many psychiatric disorders. As endogenous opioid pathways have been implicated in response to social rejection and reward, we hypothesize that RS will be negatively associated with mu opioid receptor (MOR) baseline binding and activity during rejection and acceptance stimuli. In exploratory analyses, we assessed the relationships between MOR activity and changes in mood and self-esteem before and after stimuli. Healthy participants, N = 75 (52% female), completed rejection and acceptance tasks during [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET) scans. MOR activity in the amygdala, midline thalamus, anterior insula, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) was evaluated. RS was not related to MOR baseline binding potential or activity during acceptance or rejection tasks in any region. Increased MOR activity in the NAc was associated with increase in ratings of self-esteem and positive mood during the period between acceptance task administration and approximately 5 min after the task completion. Our results suggest that endogenous opioid response to social rejection is independent of RS in healthy individuals. MOR activity in the NAc was associated with increase self-esteem and positive mood after experiencing social feedback, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States.
| | - David T Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
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11
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Yang Y, Bai J, Sun JY, Ye T, Zhang L, Wu FY, Nan J, Lan Y. Mechanisms Underlying Mu Opioid Receptor Effects on Parallel Fiber-Purkinje Cell Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Cerebellar Cortex. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:862704. [PMID: 35546898 PMCID: PMC9083459 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.862704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are widely expressed in the brain, varying in density in different areas. Activation of MORs underlies analgesia, euphoria, but may lead to tolerance, dependence, and ultimately opioid addiction. The Purkinje cell (PC) is the only efferent neuron in the cerebellar cortex and receives glutamatergic synaptic inputs from the parallel fibers formed by the axons of granule cells. Studies have shown that MORs are expressed during the development of cerebellar cells. However, the distribution of MOR and their effects on PF-PC synaptic transmission remain unclear. To examine these questions, we used whole-cell patch clamp recordings and pharmacological methods to determine the effects and mechanisms of MOR activation on synaptic transmission at PF-PC synapses. The MOR-selective agonist DAMGO significantly reduced the amplitude and area under the curve (AUC) of PF-PC evoked (e) EPSCs, and increased the paired-pulse ratio (PPR).DAMGO-induced inhibitory effects on PF-PC eEPSCs and PPR were abolished by MOR specific blocker CTOP. Further, DAMGO significantly reduced the frequency of PF-PC mEPSCs, but had no obvious effect on their amplitude, suggesting a presynaptic site of action. The DAMGO-induced reduction in the frequency of PF-PC mEPSCs also was blocked by CTOP. A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor PKI added in the pipette solution did not affect the inhibitory effects on PF-PC mEPSCs induced by DAMGO. Both the PKA inhibitor K5720 and MEK inhibitor U0126 in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) prevented the inhibitory effects of DAMGO on PF-PC mEPSCs. These findings reveal that MORs are expressed in presynaptic PF axon terminals, where DAMGO can activate presynaptic MORs to inhibit PF-PC synaptic transmission by regulating the release of glutamate. G-protein-dependent cAMP-PKA signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-yue Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Feng-ying Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jun Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lan
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12
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Loss of Corticostriatal Mu-Opioid Receptors in α-Synuclein Transgenic Mouse Brains. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010063. [PMID: 35054456 PMCID: PMC8781165 DOI: 10.3390/life12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural, neurochemical, and molecular alterations within the striatum are associated with the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, the dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degenerate and reduce dopamine-containing innervations to the striatum. The loss of striatal dopamine is associated with enhanced corticostriatal glutamatergic plasticity at the early stages of PD. However, with disease progression, the glutamatergic corticostriatal white matter tracts (WMTs) also degenerate. We analyzed the levels of Mu opioid receptors (MORs) in the corticostriatal WMTs, as a function of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) toxicity in transgenic mouse brains. Our data show an age-dependent loss of MOR expression levels in the striatum and specifically, within the caudal striatal WMTs in α-Syn tg mouse brains. The loss of MOR expression is associated with degeneration of the myelinated axons that are localized within the corticostriatal WMTs. In brains affected with late stages of PD, we detect evidence confirming the degeneration of myelinated axons within the corticostriatal WMTs. We conclude that loss of corticostriatal MOR expression is associated with degeneration of corticostriatal WMT in α-Syn tg mice, modeling PD.
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13
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Toddes C, Lefevre EM, Brandner DD, Zugschwert L, Rothwell PE. μ-Opioid Receptor (Oprm1) Copy Number Influences Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuitry and Reciprocal Social Behaviors. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7965-7977. [PMID: 34301826 PMCID: PMC8460143 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2440-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The μ-opioid receptor regulates reward derived from both drug use and natural experiences, including social interaction, through actions in the nucleus accumbens. Here, we studied nucleus accumbens microcircuitry and social behavior in male and female mice with heterozygous genetic knockout of the μ-opioid receptor (Oprm1+/-). This genetic condition models the partial reduction of μ-opioid receptor signaling reported in several neuropsychiatric disorders. We first analyzed inhibitory synapses in the nucleus accumbens, using methods that differentiate between medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing the D1 or D2 dopamine receptor. Inhibitory synaptic transmission was increased in D2-MSNs of male mutants, but not female mutants, while the expression of gephyrin mRNA and the density of inhibitory synaptic puncta at the cell body of D2-MSNs was increased in mutants of both sexes. Some of these changes were more robust in Oprm1+/- mutants than Oprm1-/- mutants, demonstrating that partial reductions of μ-opioid signaling can have large effects. At the behavioral level, social conditioned place preference and reciprocal social interaction were diminished in Oprm1+/- and Oprm1-/- mutants of both sexes. Interaction with Oprm1 mutants also altered the social behavior of wild-type test partners. We corroborated this latter result using a social preference task, in which wild-type mice preferred interactions with another typical mouse over Oprm1 mutants. Surprisingly, Oprm1-/- mice preferred interactions with other Oprm1-/- mutants, although these interactions did not produce a conditioned place preference. Our results support a role for partial dysregulation of μ-opioid signaling in social deficits associated with neuropsychiatric conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Activation of the μ-opioid receptor plays a key role in the expression of normal social behaviors. In this study, we examined brain function and social behavior of female and male mice, with either partial or complete genetic deletion of μ-opioid receptor expression. We observed abnormal social behavior following both genetic manipulations, as well as changes in the structure and function of synaptic input to a specific population of neurons in the nucleus accumbens, which is an important brain region for social behavior. Synaptic changes were most robust when μ-opioid receptor expression was only partially lost, indicating that small reductions in μ-opioid receptor signaling can have a large impact on brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlee Toddes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Emilia M Lefevre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Dieter D Brandner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lauryn Zugschwert
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105
| | - Patrick E Rothwell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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14
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2019 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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15
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Petit-Pedrol M, Groc L. Regulation of membrane NMDA receptors by dynamics and protein interactions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211609. [PMID: 33337489 PMCID: PMC7754687 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding neurotransmitter system crosstalk in the brain is a major challenge in neurobiology. Several intracellular and genomic cascades have been identified in this crosstalk. However, the discovery that neurotransmitter receptors are highly diffusive in the plasma membrane of neurons, where they form heterocomplexes with other proteins, has profoundly changed our view of neurotransmitter signaling. Here, we review new insights into neurotransmitter crosstalk at the plasma membrane. We focus on the membrane organization and interactome of the ionotropic glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) that plays a central role in excitatory synaptic and network physiology and is involved in the etiology of several major neuropsychiatric disorders. The nanoscale organization and dynamics of NMDAR is a key regulatory process for glutamate synapse transmission, plasticity, and crosstalk with other neurotransmitter systems, such as the monoaminergic ones. The plasma membrane appears to be a prime regulatory compartment for spatial and temporal crosstalk between neurotransmitter systems in the healthy and diseased brain. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating membrane neurotransmitter receptor crosstalk will likely open research avenues for innovative therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Petit-Pedrol
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Ashok AH, Myers J, Frost G, Turton S, Gunn RN, Passchier J, Colasanti A, Marques TR, Nutt D, Lingford-Hughes A, Howes OD, Rabiner EA. Acute acetate administration increases endogenous opioid levels in the human brain: A [ 11C]carfentanil molecular imaging study. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:606-610. [PMID: 33406950 PMCID: PMC8155733 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120965912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A recent study has shown that acetate administration leads to a fourfold increase in the transcription of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the hypothalamus. POMC is cleaved to peptides, including β-endorphin, an endogenous opioid (EO) agonist that binds preferentially to the µ-opioid receptor (MOR). We hypothesised that an acetate challenge would increase the levels of EO in the human brain. We have previously demonstrated that increased EO release in the human brain can be detected using positron emission tomography (PET) with the selective MOR radioligand [11C]carfentanil. We used this approach to evaluate the effects of an acute acetate challenge on EO levels in the brain of healthy human volunteers. METHODS Seven volunteers each completed a baseline [11C]carfentanil PET scan followed by an administration of sodium acetate before a second [11C]carfentanil PET scan. Dynamic PET data were acquired over 90 minutes, and corrected for attenuation, scatter and subject motion. Regional [11C] carfentanil BPND values were then calculated using the simplified reference tissue model (with the occipital grey matter as the reference region). Change in regional EO concentration was evaluated as the change in [11C]carfentanil BPND following acetate administration. RESULTS Following sodium acetate administration, 2.5-6.5% reductions in [11C]carfentanil regional BPND were seen, with statistical significance reached in the cerebellum, temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum and thalamus. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that an acute acetate challenge has the potential to increase EO release in the human brain, providing a plausible mechanism of the central effects of acetate on appetite in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishekh H Ashok
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Samuel Turton
- Imperial College London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Imperial College London, UK.,Invicro, London, UK
| | | | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Invicro, London, UK
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17
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Hajj A, Hallit S, Chamoun K, Sacre H, Obeid S, Haddad C, Dollfus S, Khabbaz LR. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: correlation with clinical and genetic factors. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:389-399. [PMID: 33858192 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Explore the possible association between clinical factors and genetic variants of the dopamine pathways and negative symptoms. Materials & methods: Negative symptoms were assessed in 206 patients with schizophrenia using the Arabic version of the self-evaluation of negative symptoms scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Genotyping for COMT, DRD2, MTHFR and OPRM1 genes was performed. Results: Multivariable analysis showed that higher self-evaluation of negative symptoms scale scores were significantly associated with higher age, higher chlorpromazine-equivalent daily dose for typical antipsychotics and in married patients. Higher negative Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores were significantly associated with women and having the CT genotype for MTHFR c.677C>T (β = 4.25; p = 0.008) compared with CC patients. Conclusion: Understanding both clinical/genetic factors could help improve the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hajj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karam Chamoun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, PO Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Art and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, PO Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, 14000, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, ISTS, GIP Cyceron, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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18
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The Role of Dynorphin and the Kappa Opioid Receptor in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Translational Approach. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 271:525-546. [PMID: 33459877 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligands dynorphins (DYN) have been implicated in the development or symptomatology of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review covers a brief history of the development of KOR agonists and antagonists, their effects in healthy volunteers, and the potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from a translational perspective. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia is based on several lines of evidence. Selective KOR agonists induce affective states in healthy volunteers with similarities to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies have shown increased DYN in patients with schizophrenia, although the data have been mixed. Finally, meta-analytic data have shown that opioid antagonists are associated with reductions in the symptoms of schizophrenia. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in major depressive disorder is also based on a combination of preclinical and clinical data. Selective KOR agonists have shown pro-depressive effects in human volunteers, while selective KOR antagonists have shown robust efficacy in several preclinical models of antidepressant activity. Small studies have shown that nonselective KOR antagonists may have efficacy in treatment-resistant depression. Additionally, recent clinical data have shown that the KOR may be an effective target for treating anhedonia, a finding relevant to both schizophrenia and depression. Finally, recommendations are provided for translating preclinical models for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder into the clinic.
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19
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Mihaescu AS, Kim J, Masellis M, Graff-Guerrero A, Cho SS, Christopher L, Valli M, Díez-Cirarda M, Koshimori Y, Strafella AP. Graph theory analysis of the dopamine D2 receptor network in Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive decline. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:947-965. [PMID: 33271630 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common sequela of the disorder that has a large impact on patient well-being. Its physiological etiology, however, remains elusive. Our study used graph theory analysis to investigate the large-scale topological patterns of the extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor network. We used positron emission tomography with [11 C]FLB-457 to measure the binding potential of cortical dopamine D2 receptors in two networks: the meso-cortical dopamine network and the meso-limbic dopamine network. We also investigated the application of partial volume effect correction (PVEC) in conjunction with graph theory analysis. Three groups were investigated in this study divided according to their cognitive status as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, with a score ≤25 considered cognitively impaired: (a) healthy controls (n = 13, 11 female), (b) cognitively unimpaired PD patients (PD-CU, n = 13, 5 female), and (c) PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 17, 4 female). In the meso-cortical network, we observed increased small-worldness, normalized clustering, and local efficiency in the PD-CU group compared to the PD-MCI group, as well as a hub shift in the PD-MCI group. Compensatory reorganization of the meso-cortical dopamine D2 receptor network may be responsible for some of the cognitive preservation observed in PD-CU. These results were found without PVEC applied and PVEC proved detrimental to the graph theory analysis. Overall, our findings demonstrate how graph theory analysis can be used to detect subtle changes in the brain that would otherwise be missed by regional comparisons of receptor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Mihaescu
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sang Soo Cho
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh Christopher
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikaeel Valli
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - María Díez-Cirarda
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Cumming P, Abi-Dargham A, Gründer G. Molecular imaging of schizophrenia: Neurochemical findings in a heterogeneous and evolving disorder. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:113004. [PMID: 33197459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past four decades have seen enormous efforts placed on a search for molecular markers of schizophrenia using positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this narrative review, we cast a broad net to define and summarize what researchers have learned about schizophrenia from molecular imaging studies. Some PET studies of brain energy metabolism with the glucose analogue FDGhave have shown a hypofrontality defect in patients with schizophrenia, but more generally indicate a loss of metabolic coherence between different brain regions. An early finding of significantly increased striatal trapping of the dopamine synthesis tracer FDOPA has survived a meta-analysis of many replications, but the increase is not pathognomonic of the disorder, since one half of patients have entirely normal dopamine synthesis capacity. Similarly, competition SPECT studies show greater basal and amphetamine-evoked dopamine occupancy at post-synaptic dopamine D2/3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia, but the difference is likewise not pathognomonic. We thus propose that molecular imaging studies of brain dopamine indicate neurochemical heterogeneity within the diagnostic entity of schizophrenia. Occupancy studies have established the relevant target engagement by antipsychotic medications at dopamine D2/3 receptors in living brain. There is evidence for elevated frontal cortical dopamine D1 receptors, especially in relation to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. There is a general lack of consistent findings of abnormalities in serotonin markers, but some evidence for decreased levels of nicotinic receptors in patients. There are sparse and somewhat inconsistent findings of reduced binding of muscarinic, glutamate, and opioid receptors ligands, inconsistent findings of microglial activation, and very recently, evidence of globally reduced levels of synaptic proteins in brain of patients. One study reports a decline in histone acetylase binding that is confined to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In most contexts, the phase of the disease and effects of past or present medication can obscure or confound PET and SPECT findings in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Urban-Kowalczyk M, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Strzelecki D, Rudecka E, Śmigielski J. Plasma β-Endorphin Concentration and Antipsychotic Treatment Outcome in Schizophrenia: 1-Year Follow-Up. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924307. [PMID: 32892205 PMCID: PMC7493456 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of endogenous opioids have been observed in patients with schizophrenia; however, the influence of these endogenous opioids on the biology of schizophrenia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of beta-endorphin (BE) on the course of schizophrenia and risk of relapse. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 25 patients hospitalized with schizophrenia and 47 controls. Their symptoms were evaluated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and composite index at five points: at the onset of hospitalization; after 4, 6 and 10 weeks of treatment; and after 12 months. ß-endorphin plasma concentrations were assessed in patients at study enrollment and after 6 weeks of treatment. Data regarding rehospitalization during follow-up were also collected. RESULTS Patients had higher BE concentration than controls at study enrollment (P=0.002) and after 6 weeks (P=0.000). BE levels increased during treatment (mean 0.538ng/mL vs. mean 0.624 ng/mL; P=0.007). No correlation was found between BE concentration and PANSS subscale score at any stage of the study. A higher BE level at study enrollment was related to a predominance of negative symptoms after 1 year, measured with composite index (R=-0.404; P=0.045). Patients who were later hospitalized again were significantly more likely to demonstrate an increase in BE levels over 6 weeks (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated higher BE concentrations than healthy controls; this tendency was particularly apparent in those affected by negative symptoms. The imbalance in the endogenous opioid system might adversely alter the course of disease and predispose patients to persistence of negative symptoms, despite antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Rudecka
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Moustafa SR, Al-Rawi KF, Stoyanov D, Al-Dujaili AH, Supasitthumrong T, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. The Endogenous Opioid System in Schizophrenia and Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia: Increased Plasma Endomorphin 2, and κ and μ Opioid Receptors Are Associated with Interleukin-6. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E633. [PMID: 32858974 PMCID: PMC7554941 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS) plays a key role in schizophrenia (SCZ) and treatment resistant SCZ. There are only a few data on immune and endogenous opioid system (EOS) interactions in SCZ and treatment resistant SCZ. METHODS we examined serum β-endorphin, endomorphin-2 (EM2), mu-opioid (MOR) and kappa-opioid (KOR) receptors, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in 60 non responders to treatment (NRTT), 55 partial RTT (PRTT) and 43 normal controls. RESULTS serum EM2, KOR, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in SCZ as compared with controls. β-endorphin, EM2, MOR and IL-6 were significantly higher in NRTT than in PRTT. There were significant correlations between IL-6, on the one hand, and β-endorphin, EM2, KOR, and MOR, on the other, while IL-10 was significantly correlated with MOR only. A large part of the variance in negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, psychomotor retardation and formal thought disorders was explained by the combined effects of EM2 and MOR with or without IL-6 while increased KOR was significantly associated with all symptom dimensions. Increased MOR, KOR, EM2 and IL-6 were also associated with neurocognitive impairments including in episodic, semantic and working memory and executive functions. CONCLUSION the EOS contributes to SCZ symptomatology, neurocognitive impairments and a non-response to treatment. In SCZ, EOS peptides/receptors may exert CIRS functions, whereas increased KOR levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of SCZ and EM2 and KOR to a non-response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Havalan City, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | | | - Drozdstoi Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria;
| | | | | | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria;
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand;
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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23
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Ringuette AE, Spock M, Lindsley CW, Bender AM. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Carfentanil. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3955-3967. [PMID: 32786301 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its remarkable potency and relative ease of synthesis, carfentanil (1) has recently emerged as a problematic contaminant in other drugs of abuse. Carfentanil and its close analogs, currently approved only for large animal veterinary medicine, have found use both as illicit additives to the clandestine manufacture of scheduled drugs and as chemical weapons. In this Review, the background, synthesis, manufacture, metabolism, pharmacology, approved indications, dosage, and adverse effects of carfentanil will be discussed along with its emergence as a key player in the ongoing opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Ringuette
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew Spock
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron M. Bender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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24
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Kantonen T, Karjalainen T, Isojärvi J, Nuutila P, Tuisku J, Rinne J, Hietala J, Kaasinen V, Kalliokoski K, Scheinin H, Hirvonen J, Vehtari A, Nummenmaa L. Interindividual variability and lateralization of μ-opioid receptors in the human brain. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116922. [PMID: 32407992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the brain's μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Central MOR availability also varies considerably in healthy individuals. Multiple epidemiological factors have been proposed to influence the MOR system, but due to small sample sizes the magnitude of their influence remains inconclusive. We compiled [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography scans from 204 individuals with no neurologic or psychiatric disorders, and estimated the effects of sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking on [11C]carfentanil binding potential using between-subject regression analysis. We also examined hemispheric differences in MOR availability. Older age was associated with increase in MOR availability in frontotemporal areas but decrease in amygdala, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens. The age-dependent increase was stronger in males. MOR availability was globally lowered in smokers but independent of BMI. Finally, MOR availability was higher in the right versus the left hemisphere. The presently observed variation in MOR availability may explain why some individuals are prone to develop MOR-linked pathological states, such as chronic pain or psychiatric disorders. Lateralized MOR system may reflect hemispheric work specialization in central emotion and pain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Aki Vehtari
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland
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25
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A Survey of Molecular Imaging of Opioid Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224190. [PMID: 31752279 PMCID: PMC6891617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous peptide ligands for morphine binding sites occurred in parallel with the identification of three subclasses of opioid receptor (OR), traditionally designated as μ, δ, and κ, along with the more recently defined opioid-receptor-like (ORL1) receptor. Early efforts in opioid receptor radiochemistry focused on the structure of the prototype agonist ligand, morphine, although N-[methyl-11C]morphine, -codeine and -heroin did not show significant binding in vivo. [11C]Diprenorphine ([11C]DPN), an orvinol type, non-selective OR antagonist ligand, was among the first successful PET tracers for molecular brain imaging, but has been largely supplanted in research studies by the μ-preferring agonist [11C]carfentanil ([11C]Caf). These two tracers have the property of being displaceable by endogenous opioid peptides in living brain, thus potentially serving in a competition-binding model. Indeed, many clinical PET studies with [11C]DPN or [11C]Caf affirm the release of endogenous opioids in response to painful stimuli. Numerous other PET studies implicate μ-OR signaling in aspects of human personality and vulnerability to drug dependence, but there have been very few clinical PET studies of μORs in neurological disorders. Tracers based on naltrindole, a non-peptide antagonist of the δ-preferring endogenous opioid enkephalin, have been used in PET studies of δORs, and [11C]GR103545 is validated for studies of κORs. Structures such as [11C]NOP-1A show selective binding at ORL-1 receptors in living brain. However, there is scant documentation of δ-, κ-, or ORL1 receptors in healthy human brain or in neurological and psychiatric disorders; here, clinical PET research must catch up with recent progress in radiopharmaceutical chemistry.
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