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Tao Q, Dang J, Guo H, Zhang M, Niu X, Kang Y, Sun J, Ma L, Wei Y, Wang W, Wen B, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Abnormalities in static and dynamic intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitters in first-episode OCD. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:609-618. [PMID: 39029696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling disorder in which the temporal variability of regional brain connectivity is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in static and dynamic intrinsic neural activity (INA) in first-episode OCD and whether these changes have the potential to reflect neurotransmitters. METHODS A total of 95 first-episode OCD patients and 106 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), the static and dynamic local connectivity coherence (calculated by static and dynamic regional homogeneity, sReHo and dReHo) were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, correlations between abnormal INA and PET- and SPECT-derived maps were performed to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying INA abnormalities in OCD. RESULTS Compared with HCs, OCD showed decreased sReHo and dReHo values in left superior, middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG), left Heschl gyrus (HES), left putamen, left insula, bilateral paracentral lobular (PCL), right postcentral gyrus (PoCG), right precentral gyrus (PreCG), left precuneus and right supplementary motor area (SMA). Decreased dReHo values were also found in left PoCG, left PreCG, left SMA and left middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Meanwhile, alterations in INA present in brain regions were correlated with dopamine system (D2, FDOPA), norepinephrine transporter (NAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) maps. CONCLUSION Static and dynamic INA abnormalities exist in first-episode OCD, having the potential to reveal the molecular characteristics. The results help to further understand the pathophysiological mechanism and provide alternative therapeutic targets of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Huirong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Yimeng Kang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jieping Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Longyao Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
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Klingbeil J, Mühlig M, Bahr E, Welle F, Ritter T, Stockert A, Wawrzyniak M, Saur D. Undoubtedly unaware of homonymous hemianopia: The contribution of overconfidence to anosognosia of hemianopia. Cortex 2024; 177:224-234. [PMID: 38875736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
A new functional deficit caused by a stroke can be understood as a situation of uncertainty that has to prompt deficit discovery and subsequent incorporation into an altered self-perception. Anosognosia for visual field deficits is frequent after stroke. For hemiplegia, patients' performance in a riddle test provided evidence that the inability to generate and adjust beliefs in face of uncertainty contributes to anosognosia for hemiplegia. In this prospective study, the same riddles are used in patients with homonymous hemianopia due to a first-ever stroke in the posterior cerebral artery territory and in an age-matched control cohort. The riddles create a situation of uncertainty that is resolved with five successive clues which progressively delimit the target word. After each clue, patients have to guess the target word and rate their confidence in the answer's correctness. Patients were tested once during the hospital stay. According to the Bisiach score for anosognosia, 12 out of 29 patients were unaware of their visual field deficits. All patients with anosognosia for hemianopia had right hemisphere lesions. Patients with and without anosognosia did not differ significantly in global cognitive impairment, mental flexibility or memory function. Importantly, patients with anosognosia showed higher confidence ratings than patients without anosognosia and controls in the first two clues (situations of uncertainty). This was demonstrated by a significant interaction effect in a mixed ANOVA with the factors group (anosognosia, nosognosia, controls) and riddle clues. An exploratory lesion subtraction analysis showed a high proportion of deficit unawareness in patients with lesions in the right fusiform and (para)hippocampal gyri. Our findings suggest that overconfidence in situations of uncertainty might contribute to the appearance of anosognosia for hemianopia. Because this has been demonstrated before in anosognosia for hemiplegia, we suggest that overconfidence is a supra-modal contributor to deficit unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klingbeil
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Mühlig
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Bahr
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Welle
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Ritter
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Stockert
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Wawrzyniak
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Bellacicca A, Rossi M, Viganò L, Simone L, Howells H, Gambaretti M, Gallotti A, Leonetti A, Puglisi G, Talami F, Bello L, Gabriella C, Fornia L. Peaglet: A user-friendly probabilistic Kernel density estimation of intracranial cortical and subcortical stimulation sites. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110177. [PMID: 38795978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on human brain function obtained with direct electrical stimulation (DES) in neurosurgical patients have been recently integrated and combined with modern neuroimaging techniques, allowing a connectome-based approach fed by intraoperative DES data. Within this framework is crucial to develop reliable methods for spatial localization of DES-derived information to be integrated within the neuroimaging workflow. NEW METHOD To this aim, we applied the Kernel Density Estimation for modelling the distribution of DES sites from different patients into the MNI space. The algorithm has been embedded in a MATLAB-based User Interface, Peaglet. It allows an accurate probabilistic weighted and unweighted estimation of DES sites location both at cortical level, by using shortest path calculation along the brain 3D geometric topology, and subcortical level, by using a volume-based approach. RESULTS We applied Peaglet to investigate spatial estimation of cortical and subcortical stimulation sites provided by recent brain tumour studies. The resulting NIfTI maps have been anatomically investigated with neuroimaging open-source tools. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Peaglet processes differently cortical and subcortical data following their distinguishing geometrical features, increasing anatomical specificity of DES-related results and their reliability within neuroimaging environments. CONCLUSIONS Peaglet provides a robust probabilistic estimation of the cortical and subcortical distribution of DES sites going beyond a region of interest approach, respecting cortical and subcortical intrinsic geometrical features. Results can be easily integrated within the neuroimaging workflow to drive connectomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bellacicca
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Luca Viganò
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Luciano Simone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Henrietta Howells
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambaretti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallotti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Antonella Leonetti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puglisi
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Talami
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Cerri Gabriella
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Luca Fornia
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy.
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Toba MN, Malkinson TS, Howells H, Mackie MA, Spagna A. Same, Same but Different? A Multi-Method Review of the Processes Underlying Executive Control. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:418-454. [PMID: 36967445 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention, working memory, and executive control are commonly considered distinct cognitive functions with important reciprocal interactions. Yet, longstanding evidence from lesion studies has demonstrated both overlap and dissociation in their behavioural expression and anatomical underpinnings, suggesting that a lower dimensional framework could be employed to further identify processes supporting goal-directed behaviour. Here, we describe the anatomical and functional correspondence between attention, working memory, and executive control by providing an overview of cognitive models, as well as recent data from lesion studies, invasive and non-invasive multimodal neuroimaging and brain stimulation. We emphasize the benefits of considering converging evidence from multiple methodologies centred on the identification of brain mechanisms supporting goal-driven behaviour. We propose that expanding on this approach should enable the construction of a comprehensive anatomo-functional framework with testable new hypotheses, and aid clinical neuroscience to intervene on impairments of executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica N Toba
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), University Hospital of Amiens and University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
- CHU Amiens Picardie - Site Sud, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Avenue René Laënnec, 80054, Amiens Cedex 1, France.
| | - Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Henrietta Howells
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa-Ann Mackie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA.
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5
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de Zwart B, Ruis C. An update on tests used for intraoperative monitoring of cognition during awake craniotomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:204. [PMID: 38713405 PMCID: PMC11076349 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mapping higher-order cognitive functions during awake brain surgery is important for cognitive preservation which is related to postoperative quality of life. A systematic review from 2018 about neuropsychological tests used during awake craniotomy made clear that until 2017 language was most often monitored and that the other cognitive domains were underexposed (Ruis, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 40(10):1081-1104, 218). The field of awake craniotomy and cognitive monitoring is however developing rapidly. The aim of the current review is therefore, to investigate whether there is a change in the field towards incorporation of new tests and more complete mapping of (higher-order) cognitive functions. METHODS We replicated the systematic search of the study from 2018 in PubMed and Embase from February 2017 to November 2023, yielding 5130 potentially relevant articles. We used the artificial machine learning tool ASReview for screening and included 272 papers that gave a detailed description of the neuropsychological tests used during awake craniotomy. RESULTS Comparable to the previous study of 2018, the majority of studies (90.4%) reported tests for assessing language functions (Ruis, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 40(10):1081-1104, 218). Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies now also describe tests for monitoring visuospatial functions, social cognition, and executive functions. CONCLUSIONS Language remains the most extensively tested cognitive domain. However, a broader range of tests are now implemented during awake craniotomy and there are (new developed) tests which received more attention. The rapid development in the field is reflected in the included studies in this review. Nevertheless, for some cognitive domains (e.g., executive functions and memory), there is still a need for developing tests that can be used during awake surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beleke de Zwart
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institution, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carla Ruis
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institution, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dolfini E, Cardellicchio P, Fadiga L, D'Ausilio A. The role of dorsal premotor cortex in joint action inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4675. [PMID: 38409309 PMCID: PMC10897189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral interpersonal coordination requires smooth negotiation of actions in time and space (joint action-JA). Inhibitory control may play a role in fine-tuning appropriate coordinative responses. To date, little research has been conducted on motor inhibition during JA and on the modulatory influence that premotor areas might exert on inhibitory control. Here, we used an interactive task in which subjects were required to reach and open a bottle using one hand. The bottle was held and stabilized by a co-actor (JA) or by a mechanical holder (vice clamp, no-JA). We recorded two TMS-based indices of inhibition (short-interval intracortical inhibition-sICI; cortical silent period-cSP) during the reaching phase of the task. These reflect fast intracortical (GABAa-mediated) and slow corticospinal (GABAb-mediated) inhibition. Offline continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) was used to interfere with dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and control site (vertex) before the execution of the task. Our results confirm a dissociation between fast and slow inhibition during JA coordination and provide evidence that premotor areas drive only slow inhibitory mechanisms, which in turn may reflect behavioral co-adaptation between trials. Exploratory analyses further suggest that PMd, more than PMv, is the key source of modulatory drive sculpting movements, according to the socio-interactive context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dolfini
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Cardellicchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ausilio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Phiri P, Delanerolle G, Hope O, Murugaiyan T, Dimba G, Rathod S, Zingela Z. Catatonia: A deep dive into its unfathomable depths. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:210-214. [PMID: 38464767 PMCID: PMC10921292 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial addresses catatonia, a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by a spectrum of psychomotor disturbances. The editorial seeks to clarify the ambiguous aspects of catatonia, integrating recent research findings, including global studies and diagnostic advancements. It discusses catatonia's clinical manifestations, prevalence, and associated psychiatric and medical conditions, with particular emphasis on its frequent co-occurrence with schizophrenia and mood disorders. The prevalence of catatonia, which varies across psychiatric populations, is illustrated by a significant study conducted in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the Bush-Francis Screening Instrument compared to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 criteria in diagnosing catatonia. The editorial evaluates treatment approaches, primarily focusing on benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy, and discusses emerging therapeutic strategies. It underscores the importance of robust diagnostic frameworks and early intervention in managing catatonia, as recommended by the latest evidence-based consensus guideline. Furthermore, it suggests future research directions, particularly in exploring the neurobiological and genetic factors of catatonia, to enhance our understanding and improve treatment outcomes. This editorial succinctly aims to demystify catatonia and provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Phiri
- Research & Innovation Department, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Delanerolle
- Research & Innovation Department, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Hope
- Research & Innovation Department, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, United Kingdom
| | - Tharangini Murugaiyan
- Acute Inpatients Services, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke RG24 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Dimba
- Home Treatment Team, South West, Surrey and Borders Partnerships NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XL, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Shanaya Rathod
- Research & Innovation Department, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, United Kingdom
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand 6001, Gqeberha, South Africa
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Tariciotti L, Mattioli L, Viganò L, Gallo M, Gambaretti M, Sciortino T, Gay L, Conti Nibali M, Gallotti A, Cerri G, Bello L, Rossi M. Object-oriented hand dexterity and grasping abilities, from the animal quarters to the neurosurgical OR: a systematic review of the underlying neural correlates in non-human, human primate and recent findings in awake brain surgery. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1324581. [PMID: 38425673 PMCID: PMC10902498 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1324581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The sensorimotor integrations subserving object-oriented manipulative actions have been extensively investigated in non-human primates via direct approaches, as intracortical micro-stimulation (ICMS), cytoarchitectonic analysis and anatomical tracers. However, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying complex motor behaviors is yet to be fully integrated in brain mapping paradigms and the consistency of these findings with intraoperative data obtained during awake neurosurgical procedures for brain tumor removal is still largely unexplored. Accordingly, there is a paucity of systematic studies reviewing the cross-species analogies in neural activities during object-oriented hand motor tasks in primates and investigating the concordance with intraoperative findings during brain mapping. The current systematic review was designed to summarize the cortical and subcortical neural correlates of object-oriented fine hand actions, as revealed by fMRI and PET studies, in non-human and human primates and how those were translated into neurosurgical studies testing dexterous hand-movements during intraoperative brain mapping. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched. Original articles were included if they: (1) investigated cortical activation sites on fMRI and/or PET during grasping task; (2) included humans or non-human primates. A second query was designed on the databases above to collect studies reporting motor, hand manipulation and dexterity tasks for intraoperative brain mapping in patients undergoing awake brain surgery for any condition. Due to the heterogeneity in neurosurgical applications, a qualitative synthesis was deemed more appropriate. Results We provided an updated overview of the current state of the art in translational neuroscience about the extended frontoparietal grasping-praxis network with a specific focus on the comparative functioning in non-human primates, healthy humans and how the latter knowledge has been implemented in the neurosurgical operating room during brain tumor resection. Discussion The anatomical and functional correlates we reviewed confirmed the evolutionary continuum from monkeys to humans, allowing a cautious but practical adoption of such evidence in intraoperative brain mapping protocols. Integrating the previous results in the surgical practice helps preserve complex motor abilities, prevent long-term disability and poor quality of life and allow the maximal safe resection of intrinsic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tariciotti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mattioli
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Viganò
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallo
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambaretti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciortino
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gay
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Conti Nibali
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallotti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cerri
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Dominik T, Mele A, Schurger A, Maoz U. Libet's legacy: A primer to the neuroscience of volition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105503. [PMID: 38072144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience of volition is an emerging subfield of the brain sciences, with hundreds of papers on the role of consciousness in action formation published each year. This makes the state-of-the-art in the discipline poorly accessible to newcomers and difficult to follow even for experts in the field. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of research in this field since its inception that will be useful to both groups. We also discuss important ideas that have received little coverage in the literature so far. We systematically reviewed a set of 2220 publications, with detailed consideration of almost 500 of the most relevant papers. We provide a thorough introduction to the seminal work of Benjamin Libet from the 1960s to 1980s. We also discuss common criticisms of Libet's method, including temporal introspection, the interpretation of the assumed physiological correlates of volition, and various conceptual issues. We conclude with recent advances and potential future directions in the field, highlighting modern methodological approaches to volition, as well as important recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Mele
- Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | | | - Uri Maoz
- Brain Institute, Chapman University, CA, USA
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10
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Young JS, Morshed RA, Hervey-Jumper SL, Berger MS. The surgical management of diffuse gliomas: Current state of neurosurgical management and future directions. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2117-2133. [PMID: 37499054 PMCID: PMC10708937 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After recent updates to the World Health Organization pathological criteria for diagnosing and grading diffuse gliomas, all major North American and European neuro-oncology societies recommend a maximal safe resection as the initial management of a diffuse glioma. For neurosurgeons to achieve this goal, the surgical plan for both low- and high-grade gliomas should be to perform a supramaximal resection when feasible based on preoperative imaging and the patient's performance status, utilizing every intraoperative adjunct to minimize postoperative neurological deficits. While the surgical approach and technique can vary, every effort must be taken to identify and preserve functional cortical and subcortical regions. In this summary statement on the current state of the field, we describe the tools and technologies that facilitate the safe removal of diffuse gliomas and highlight intraoperative and postoperative management strategies to minimize complications for these patients. Moreover, we discuss how surgical resections can go beyond cytoreduction by facilitating biological discoveries and improving the local delivery of adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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11
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Manes JL, Kurani AS, Herschel E, Roberts AC, Tjaden K, Parrish T, Corcos DM. Premotor cortex is hypoactive during sustained vowel production in individuals with Parkinson's disease and hypophonia. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1250114. [PMID: 37941570 PMCID: PMC10629592 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1250114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypophonia is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the contribution of motor cortical activity to reduced phonatory scaling in PD is still not clear. Methods In this study, we employed a sustained vowel production task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activity between individuals with PD and hypophonia and an older healthy control (OHC) group. Results When comparing vowel production versus rest, the PD group showed fewer regions with significant BOLD activity compared to OHCs. Within the motor cortices, both OHC and PD groups showed bilateral activation of the laryngeal/phonatory area (LPA) of the primary motor cortex as well as activation of the supplementary motor area. The OHC group also recruited additional activity in the bilateral trunk motor area and right dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). A voxel-wise comparison of PD and HC groups showed that activity in right PMd was significantly lower in the PD group compared to OHC (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Right PMd activity was positively correlated with maximum phonation time in the PD group and negatively correlated with perceptual severity ratings of loudness and pitch. Discussion Our findings suggest that hypoactivation of PMd may be associated with abnormal phonatory control in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Manes
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ajay S. Kurani
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ellen Herschel
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angela C. Roberts
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Kris Tjaden
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Todd Parrish
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Salatino A, Sarasso P, Piedimonte A, Garbarini F, Ricci R, Berti A. Modulation of Motor Awareness: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study in the Healthy Brain. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1422. [PMID: 37891791 PMCID: PMC10605796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the mechanisms underlying willed actions reported that the premotor cortex may be involved in the construction of motor awareness. However, its exact role is still under investigation. Here, we investigated the role of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) in motor awareness by modulating its activity applying inhibitory rTMS to PMd, before a specific motor awareness task (under three conditions: without stimulation, after rTMS and after Sham stimulation). During the task, subjects had to trace straight lines to a given target, receiving visual feedback of the line trajectories on a computer screen. Crucially, in most trials, the trajectories on the screen were deviated, and to produce straight lines, subjects had to correct their movements towards the opposite direction. After each trial, participants were asked to judge whether the line seen on the computer screen corresponded to the line actually drawn. Results show that participants in the No Stimulation condition did not recognize the perturbation until 14 degrees of deviation. Importantly, active, but not Sham, rTMS significantly modulated motor awareness, decreasing the amplitude of the angle at which participants became aware of the trajectory correction. These results suggest that PMd plays a crucial role in action self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Salatino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Sarasso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Garbarini
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ricci
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy
- NIT—Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Via Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Berti
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy
- NIT—Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Via Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Mao C, Jiang Z, Fan G, Wang E, Chen Y, Palaniyappan L. Association of Cortical Gyrification With Imaging and Serum Biomarkers in Patients With Parkinson Disease. Neurology 2023; 101:e311-e323. [PMID: 37268433 PMCID: PMC10382266 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pathologic progression across the cortex is a key feature of Parkinson disease (PD). Cortical gyrification is a morphologic feature of human cerebral cortex that is tightly linked to the integrity of underlying axonal connectivity. Monitoring cortical gyrification reductions may provide a sensitive marker of progression through structural connectivity, preceding the progressive stages of PD pathology. We aimed to examine the progressive cortical gyrification reductions and their associations with overlying cortical thickness, white matter (WM) integrity, striatum dopamine availability, serum neurofilament light (NfL) chain, and CSF α-synuclein levels in PD. METHODS This study included a longitudinal dataset with baseline (T0), 1-year (T1), and 4-year (T4) follow-ups and 2 cross-sectional datasets. Local gyrification index (LGI) was computed from T1-weighted MRI data to measure cortical gyrification. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was computed from diffusion-weighted MRI data to measure WM integrity. Striatal binding ratio (SBR) was measured from 123Ioflupane SPECT scans. Serum NfL and CSF α-synuclein levels were also measured. RESULTS The longitudinal dataset included 113 patients with de novo PD and 55 healthy controls (HCs). The cross-sectional datasets included 116 patients with relatively more advanced PD and 85 HCs. Compared with HCs, patients with de novo PD showed accelerated LGI and FA reductions over 1-year period and a further decline at 4-year follow-up. Across the 3 time points, the LGI paralleled and correlated with FA (p = 0.002 at T0, p = 0.0214 at T1, and p = 0.0037 at T4) and SBR (p = 0.0095 at T0, p = 0.0035 at T1, and p = 0.0096 at T4) but not with overlying cortical thickness in patients with PD. Both LGI and FA correlated with serum NfL level (LGI: p < 0.0001 at T0, p = 0.0043 at T1; FA: p < 0.0001 at T0, p = 0.0001 at T1) but not with CSF α-synuclein level in patients with PD. In the 2 cross-sectional datasets, we revealed similar patterns of LGI and FA reductions and associations between LGI and FA in patients with more advanced PD. DISCUSSION We demonstrated progressive reductions in cortical gyrification that were robustly associated with WM microstructure, striatum dopamine availability, and serum NfL level in PD. Our findings may contribute biomarkers for PD progression and potential pathways for early interventions of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Zhang
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Yu Zhang
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Chengjie Mao
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhen Jiang
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guohua Fan
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erlei Wang
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Yifan Chen
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- From the School of Life Science and Technology (Yuanchao Zhang, Y.C.), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (Yu Zhang), Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou; Department of Neurology (C.M.), and Department of Radiology (Z.J., G.F., E.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (L.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Doganci N, Iannotti GR, Ptak R. Task-based functional connectivity identifies two segregated networks underlying intentional action. Neuroimage 2023; 268:119866. [PMID: 36610680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While much of motor behavior is automatic, intentional action is necessary for the selection and initiation of controlled motor acts and is thus an essential part of goal-directed behavior. Neuroimaging studies have shown that self-generated action implicates several dorsal and ventral frontoparietal areas. However, knowledge of the functional coupling between these brain regions during intentional action remains limited. We here studied brain activations and functional connectivity (FC) of thirty right-handed healthy participants performing a finger pressing task instructed to use a specific finger (externally-triggered action) or to select one of four fingers randomly (internally-generated action). Participants performed the task in alternating order either with their dominant right hand or the left hand. Consistent with previous studies, we observed stronger involvement of posterior parietal cortex and premotor regions when contrasting internally-generated with externally-triggered action. Interestingly, this contrast also revealed significant engagement of medial occipitotemporal regions including the left lingual and right fusiform gyrus. Task-based FC analysis identified increased functional coupling among frontoparietal regions as well as increased and decreased coupling between occipitotemporal regions, thus differentiating between two segregated networks. When comparing results of the dominant and nondominant hand we found less activation, but stronger connectivity for the former, suggesting increased neural efficiency when participants use their dominant hand. Taken together, our results reveal that two segregated networks that encompass the frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortex contribute independently to intentional action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Doganci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Giannina Rita Iannotti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
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15
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Rech F, Duffau H. Beyond Avoiding Hemiplegia after Glioma Surgery: The Need to Map Complex Movement in Awake Patient to Preserve Conation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051528. [PMID: 36900318 PMCID: PMC10001205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the onco-functional balance has always been a challenge in glioma surgery, especially regarding motor function. Given the importance of conation (i.e., the willingness which leads to action) in patient's quality of life, we propose here to review the evolution of its intraoperative assessment through a reminder of the increasing knowledge of its neural foundations-based upon a meta-networking organization at three levels. Historical preservation of the primary motor cortex and pyramidal pathway (first level), which was mostly dedicated to avoid hemiplegia, has nonetheless shown its limits to prevent the occurrence of long-term deficits regarding complex movement. Then, preservation of the movement control network (second level) has permitted to prevent such more subtle (but possibly disabling) deficits thanks to intraoperative mapping with direct electrostimulations in awake conditions. Finally, integrating movement control in a multitasking evaluation during awake surgery (third level) enabled to preserve movement volition in its highest and finest level according to patients' specific demands (e.g., to play instrument or to perform sports). Understanding these three levels of conation and its underlying cortico-subcortical neural basis is therefore critical to propose an individualized surgical strategy centered on patient's choice: this implies an increasingly use of awake mapping and cognitive monitoring regardless of the involved hemisphere. Moreover, this also pleads for a finer and systematic assessment of conation before, during and after glioma surgery as well as for a stronger integration of fundamental neurosciences into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Rech
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Le Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Team ‘Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumours’, INSERM U1191, Institute of Genomics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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16
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Bruno V, Castellani N, Garbarini F, Christensen MS. Moving without sensory feedback: online TMS over the dorsal premotor cortex impairs motor performance during ischemic nerve block. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2315-2327. [PMID: 35641143 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the role of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) in generating predicted sensory consequences of movements, i.e. corollary discharges. In 2 different sessions, we disrupted PMd and parietal hand's multisensory integration site (control area) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during a finger-sequence-tapping motor task. In this TMS sham-controlled design, the task was performed with normal sensory feedback and during upper-limb ischemic nerve block (INB), in a time-window where participants moved without somatosensation. Errors and movement timing (objective measures) and ratings about movement perception (subjective measures) were collected. We found that INB overall worsens objective and subjective measures, but crucially in the PMd session, the absence of somatosensation together with TMS disruption induced more errors, less synchronized movements, and increased subjective difficulty ratings as compared with the parietal control session (despite a carryover effect between real and sham stimulation to be addressed in future studies). Contrarily, after parietal area interference session, when sensory information is already missing due to INB, motor performance was not aggravated. Altogether these findings suggest that the loss of actual (through INB) and predicted (through PMd disruption) somatosensory feedback degraded motor performance and perception, highlighting the crucial role of PMd in generating corollary discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bruno
- Manibus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolò Castellani
- Manibus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy.,Molecular Mind Lab, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza S. Ponziano, 6, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- Manibus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Mark Schram Christensen
- Christensen Lab, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute 33-3, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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17
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Dziedzic TA, Bala A, Balasa A, Olejnik A, Marchel A. Cortical and white matter anatomy relevant for the lateral and superior approaches to resect intraaxial lesions within the frontal lobe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21402. [PMID: 36496517 PMCID: PMC9741612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being associated with high-order neurocognitive functions, the frontal lobe plays an important role in core neurological functions, such as motor and language functions. The aim of this study was to present a neurosurgical perspective of the cortical and subcortical anatomy of the frontal lobe in terms of surgical treatment of intraaxial frontal lobe lesions. We also discuss the results of direct brain mapping when awake craniotomy is performed. Ten adult cerebral hemispheres were prepared for white matter dissection according to the Klingler technique. Intraaxial frontal lobe lesions are approached with a superior or lateral trajectory during awake conditions. The highly eloquent cortex within the frontal lobe is identified within the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and precentral gyrus. The trajectory of the approach is mainly related to the position of the lesion in relation to the arcuate fascicle/superior longitudinal fascicle complex and ventricular system. Knowledge of the cortical and subcortical anatomy and its function within the frontal lobe is essential for preoperative planning and predicting the risk of immediate and long-term postoperative deficits. This allows surgeons to properly set the extent of the resection and type of approach during preoperative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Andrzej Dziedzic
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bala
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Balasa
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marchel
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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18
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Li J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jiang Y, Ren Z, Liu D, Zhang J, La Piana R, Chen Y. Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:167. [PMID: 36470900 PMCID: PMC9723125 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into an akinetic-rigid (AR) and a tremor-dominant (TD) subtype based on predominant motor symptoms. Patients with different motor subtypes often show divergent clinical manifestations; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of PD. T1-weighted MRI images were obtained for 90 patients with PD (64 with the AR subtype and 26 with the TD subtype) and 56 healthy controls (HCs). Cortical surface area, sulcal depth (measured by Freesurfer's Sulc index), and subcortical volume were computed to identify the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in the two motor subtypes. Compared with HCs, we found widespread surface area reductions in the AR subtype yet sparse surface area reductions in the TD subtype. We found no significant Sulc change in the AR subtype yet increased Sulc in the right supramarginal gyrus in the TD subtype. The hippocampal volumes in both subtypes were lower than those of HCs. In PD patients, the surface area of left posterior cingulate cortex was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, while the Sulc value of right middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with severity of motor impairments. Additionally, the hippocampal volumes were positively correlated with MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and negatively correlated with severity of motor impairments and Hoehn & Yahr scores. Taken together, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the neural substrates underlying the distinct symptom profiles in the two PD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Zitong Huang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Daihong Liu
- grid.452285.cDepartment of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 P. R. China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- grid.452285.cDepartment of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 P. R. China
| | - Roberta La Piana
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Yifan Chen
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
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19
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Silva AB, Liu JR, Zhao L, Levy DF, Scott TL, Chang EF. A Neurosurgical Functional Dissection of the Middle Precentral Gyrus during Speech Production. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8416-8426. [PMID: 36351829 PMCID: PMC9665919 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1614-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical models have traditionally focused on the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) as a key region for motor planning of speech production. However, converging evidence suggests that it is not critical for either speech motor planning or execution. Alternative cortical areas supporting high-level speech motor planning have yet to be defined. In this review, we focus on the precentral gyrus, whose role in speech production is often thought to be limited to lower-level articulatory muscle control. In particular, we highlight neurosurgical investigations that have shed light on a cortical region anatomically located near the midpoint of the precentral gyrus, hence called the middle precentral gyrus (midPrCG). The midPrCG is functionally located between dorsal hand and ventral orofacial cortical representations and exhibits unique sensorimotor and multisensory functions relevant for speech processing. This includes motor control of the larynx, auditory processing, as well as a role in reading and writing. Furthermore, direct electrical stimulation of midPrCG can evoke complex movements, such as vocalization, and selective injury can cause deficits in verbal fluency, such as pure apraxia of speech. Based on these findings, we propose that midPrCG is essential to phonological-motoric aspects of speech production, especially syllabic-level speech sequencing, a role traditionally ascribed to Broca's area. The midPrCG is a cortical brain area that should be included in contemporary models of speech production with a unique role in speech motor planning and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Silva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Jessie R Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Deborah F Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Terri L Scott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
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20
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Hand constraint reduces brain activity and affects the speed of verbal responses on semantic tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13545. [PMID: 35941140 PMCID: PMC9360433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the theory of embodied cognition, semantic processing is closely coupled with body movements. For example, constraining hand movements inhibits memory for objects that can be manipulated with the hands. However, it has not been confirmed whether body constraint reduces brain activity related to semantics. We measured the effect of hand constraint on semantic processing in the parietal lobe using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. A pair of words representing the names of hand-manipulable (e.g., cup or pencil) or nonmanipulable (e.g., windmill or fountain) objects were presented, and participants were asked to identify which object was larger. The reaction time (RT) in the judgment task and the activation of the left intraparietal sulcus (LIPS) and left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL), including the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus, were analyzed. We found that constraint of hand movement suppressed brain activity in the LIPS toward hand-manipulable objects and affected RT in the size judgment task. These results indicate that body constraint reduces the activity of brain regions involved in semantics. Hand constraint might inhibit motor simulation, which, in turn, would inhibit body-related semantic processing.
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21
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Doricchi F, Lasaponara S, Pazzaglia M, Silvetti M. Left and right temporal-parietal junctions (TPJs) as "match/mismatch" hedonic machines: A unifying account of TPJ function. Phys Life Rev 2022; 42:56-92. [PMID: 35901654 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies have tried to gain insights into the involvement of the Temporal Parietal Junction (TPJ) in a broad range of cognitive functions like memory, attention, language, self-agency and theory of mind. Recent investigations have demonstrated the partition of the TPJ in discrete subsectors. Nonetheless, whether these subsectors play different roles or implement an overarching function remains debated. Here, based on a review of available evidence, we propose that the left TPJ codes both matches and mismatches between expected and actual sensory, motor, or cognitive events while the right TPJ codes mismatches. These operations help keeping track of statistical contingencies in personal, environmental, and conceptual space. We show that this hypothesis can account for the participation of the TPJ in disparate cognitive functions, including "humour", and explain: a) the higher incidence of spatial neglect in right brain damage; b) the different emotional reactions that follow left and right brain damage; c) the hemispheric lateralisation of optimistic bias mechanisms; d) the lateralisation of mechanisms that regulate routine and novelty behaviours. We propose that match and mismatch operations are aimed at approximating "free energy", in terms of the free energy principle of decision-making. By approximating "free energy", the match/mismatch TPJ system supports both information seeking to update one's own beliefs and the pleasure of being right in one's own' current choices. This renewed view of the TPJ has relevant clinical implications because the misfunctioning of TPJ-related "match" and "mismatch" circuits in unilateral brain damage can produce low-dimensional deficits of active-inference and predictive coding that can be associated with different neuropsychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Doricchi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariella Pazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Silvetti
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Lab (CTNLab), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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22
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Zheng Y, You T, Du R, Zhang J, Peng T, Liang J, Zhao B, Ou H, Jiang Y, Feng H, Yilifate A, Lin Q. The Effect of Non-immersive Virtual Reality Exergames Versus Band Stretching on Cardiovascular and Cerebral Hemodynamic Response: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:902757. [PMID: 35903784 PMCID: PMC9314640 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.902757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise is one of the effective ways to improve cognition. Different forms of exercises, such as aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and coordination exercise, have different effects on the improvement of cognitive impairment. In recent years, exergames based on Non-Immersive Virtual Reality (NIVR-Exergames) have been widely used in entertainment and have gradually been applied to clinical rehabilitation. However, the mechanism of NIVR-Exergames on improving motor cognition has not been clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find whether NIVR-Exergames result in a better neural response mechanism to improve the area of the cerebral cortex related to motor cognition under functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) dynamic monitoring in comparison with resistance exercise (resistance band stretching). Methods A cross-over study design was adopted in this study, and 15 healthy young subjects (18–24 years old) were randomly divided into group A (n = 8) and group B (n = 7) according to a computerized digital table method. Task 1 was an NIVR-Exergame task, and Task 2 was resistance band stretching. Group A first performed Task 1, rested for 30 min (i.e., a washout period), and then performed Task 2. Group B had the reverse order. The fNIRS test was synchronized in real time during exercise tasks, and heart rate measurements, blood pressure measurements, and 2-back task synchronization fNIRS tests were performed at baseline, Post-task 1, and Post-task 2. The primary outcomes were beta values from the general linear model (GLM) in different regions of interest (ROIs), and the secondary outcomes were heart rate, blood pressure, reaction time of 2-back, and accuracy rate of 2-back. Results The activation differences of Task 1 and Task 2 in the right premotor cortex (PMC) (P = 0.025) and the left PMC (P = 0.011) were statistically significant. There were statistically significant differences in the activation of the right supplementary motor area (SMA) (P = 0.007), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (P = 0.031), left and right PMC (P = 0.005; P = 0.002) between baseline and Post-task 1. The differences in systolic pressure (SBP) between the two groups at three time points among women were statistically significant (P1 = 0.009, P2 < 0.001, P3 = 0.044). Conclusion In this study, we found that NIVR-Exergames combined with motor and challenging cognitive tasks can promote the activation of SMA, PMC and DLPFC in healthy young people compared with resistance exercise alone, providing compelling preliminary evidence of the power for the rehabilitation of motor and cognitive function in patients with central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting You
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongwei Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyi Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Huiping Feng,
| | - Anniwaer Yilifate
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Anniwaer Yilifate,
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Lin,
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23
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Errante A, Rossi Sebastiano A, Ziccarelli S, Bruno V, Rozzi S, Pia L, Fogassi L, Garbarini F. Structural connectivity associated with the sense of body ownership: a diffusion tensor imaging and disconnection study in patients with bodily awareness disorder. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac032. [PMID: 35233523 PMCID: PMC8882004 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain mechanisms underlying the emergence of a normal sense of body ownership can be investigated starting from pathological conditions in which body awareness is selectively impaired. Here, we focused on pathological embodiment, a body ownership disturbance observed in brain-damaged patients who misidentify other people’s limbs as their own. We investigated whether such body ownership disturbance can be classified as a disconnection syndrome, using three different approaches based on diffusion tensor imaging: (i) reconstruction of disconnectome maps in a large sample (N = 70) of stroke patients with and without pathological embodiment; (ii) probabilistic tractography, performed on the age-matched healthy controls (N = 16), to trace cortical connections potentially interrupted in patients with pathological embodiment and spared in patients without this pathological condition; (iii) probabilistic ‘in vivo’ tractography on two patients without and one patient with pathological embodiment. The converging results revealed the arcuate fasciculus and the third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus as mainly involved fibre tracts in patients showing pathological embodiment, suggesting that this condition could be related to the disconnection between frontal, parietal and temporal areas. This evidence raises the possibility of a ventral self-body recognition route including regions where visual (computed in occipito-temporal areas) and sensorimotor (stored in premotor and parietal areas) body representations are integrated, giving rise to a normal sense of body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Errante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | | | - Settimio Ziccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Stefano Rozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SAMBA Research Group, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fogassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Turin 10123, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin 10123, Italy
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24
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Qiu Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Luo W, Du R, Liang J, Yilifate A, You Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Chen A, Zhang Y, Huang S, Wang B, Ou H, Lin Q. Synergistic Immediate Cortical Activation on Mirror Visual Feedback Combined With a Soft Robotic Bilateral Hand Rehabilitation System: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:807045. [PMID: 35185457 PMCID: PMC8855034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.807045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mirror visual feedback (MVF) has been widely used in neurological rehabilitation. Due to the potential gain effect of the MVF combination therapy, the related mechanisms still need be further analyzed. Methods Our self-controlled study recruited 20 healthy subjects (age 22.150 ± 2.661 years) were asked to perform four different visual feedback tasks with simultaneous functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) monitoring. The right hand of the subjects was set as the active hand (performing active movement), and the left hand was set as the observation hand (static or performing passive movement under soft robotic bilateral hand rehabilitation system). The four VF tasks were designed as RVF Task (real visual feedback task), MVF task (mirror visual feedback task), BRM task (bilateral robotic movement task), and MVF + BRM task (Mirror visual feedback combined with bilateral robotic movement task). Results The beta value of the right pre-motor cortex (PMC) of MVF task was significantly higher than the RVF task (RVF task: -0.015 ± 0.029, MVF task: 0.011 ± 0.033, P = 0.033). The beta value right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) in MVF + BRM task was significantly higher than MVF task (MVF task: 0.006 ± 0.040, MVF + BRM task: 0.037 ± 0.036, P = 0.016). Conclusion Our study used the synchronous fNIRS to compare the immediate hemodynamics cortical activation of four visual feedback tasks in healthy subjects. The results showed the synergistic gain effect on cortical activation from MVF combined with a soft robotic bilateral hand rehabilitation system for the first time, which could be used to guide the clinical application and the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongwei Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anniwaer Yilifate
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao You
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benguo Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Haining Ou,
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Lin,
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25
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Scandola M, Pietroni G, Landuzzi G, Polati E, Schweiger V, Moro V. Bodily Illusions and Motor Imagery in Fibromyalgia. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:798912. [PMID: 35126075 PMCID: PMC8811121 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.798912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterised by chronic, continuous, widespread pain, often associated with a sense of fatigue, non-restorative sleep and physical exhaustion. Due to the nature of this condition and the absence of other neurological issues potentially able to induce disorders in body representations per se, it represents a perfect model since it provides an opportunity to study the relationship between pain and the bodily self. Corporeal illusions were investigated in 60 participants with or without a diagnosis of FM by means of an ad hoc devised interview. In addition, motor imagery was investigated and illusions relating to body part movements and changes in body size, feelings of alienness, and sensations of body parts not belonging to one's own body (disownership and somatoparaphrenic-like sensations) were found. Crucially, these symptoms do not correlate with any of the clinical measures of pain or functional deficits. The results showed that motor imagery was also impaired, and the severity of the deficits found correlated with the functional impairment of the participant. This indicates that disorders in body representations and motor imagery are part of the clinical expression of FM. However, while motor imagery seems to be linked to reduced autonomy and functional deficits, bodily illusions are independent and potentially represent a concurrent symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pietroni
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Polati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Schweiger
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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26
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Sense of agency for intracortical brain-machine interfaces. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:565-578. [PMID: 35046522 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracortical brain-machine interfaces decode motor commands from neural signals and translate them into actions, enabling movement for paralysed individuals. The subjective sense of agency associated with actions generated via intracortical brain-machine interfaces, the neural mechanisms involved and its clinical relevance are currently unknown. By experimentally manipulating the coherence between decoded motor commands and sensory feedback in a tetraplegic individual using a brain-machine interface, we provide evidence that primary motor cortex processes sensory feedback, sensorimotor conflicts and subjective states of actions generated via the brain-machine interface. Neural signals processing the sense of agency affected the proficiency of the brain-machine interface, underlining the clinical potential of the present approach. These findings show that primary motor cortex encodes information related to action and sensing, but also sensorimotor and subjective agency signals, which in turn are relevant for clinical applications of brain-machine interfaces.
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27
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Samandouras G. Extended testing for cognition: has awake brain mapping moved to the next level? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:173-176. [PMID: 34757476 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-05010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Samandouras
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
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28
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Fornia L, Rossi M, Rabuffetti M, Bellacicca A, Viganò L, Simone L, Howells H, Puglisi G, Leonetti A, Callipo V, Bello L, Cerri G. Motor impairment evoked by direct electrical stimulation of human parietal cortex during object manipulation. Neuroimage 2021; 248:118839. [PMID: 34963652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In primates, the parietal cortex plays a crucial role in hand-object manipulation. However, its involvement in object manipulation and related hand-muscle control has never been investigated in humans with a direct and focal electrophysiological approach. To this aim, during awake surgery for brain tumors, we studied the impact of direct electrical stimulation (DES) of parietal lobe on hand-muscles during a hand-manipulation task (HMt). Results showed that DES applied to fingers-representation of postcentral gyrus (PCG) and anterior intraparietal cortex (aIPC) impaired HMt execution. Different types of EMG-interference patterns were observed ranging from a partial (task-clumsy) or complete (task-arrest) impairment of muscles activity. Within PCG both patterns coexisted along a medio (arrest)-lateral (clumsy) distribution, while aIPC hosted preferentially the task-arrest. The interference patterns were mainly associated to muscles suppression, more pronounced in aIPC with respect to PCG. Moreover, within PCG were observed patterns with different level of muscle recruitment, not reported in the aIPC. Overall, EMG-interference patterns and their probabilistic distribution suggested the presence of different functional parietal sectors, possibly playing different roles in hand-muscle control during manipulation. We hypothesized that task-arrest, compared to clumsy patterns, might suggest the existence of parietal sectors more closely implicated in shaping the motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fornia
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bellacicca
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Viganò
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Simone
- Cognition, Motion & Neuroscience, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Henrietta Howells
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puglisi
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Leonetti
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Callipo
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCSS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cerri
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCSS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
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29
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Cardellicchio P, Dolfini E, D'Ausilio A. The role of dorsal premotor cortex in joint action stopping. iScience 2021; 24:103330. [PMID: 34805791 PMCID: PMC8586805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sensorimotor interaction requires mutual behavioral adaptation as well as shared cognitive task representations (Joint Action, JA). Yet, an under-investigated aspect of JA is the neurobehavioral mechanisms employed to stop actions if the context calls for it. Sparse evidence points to the possible contribution of the left dorsal premotor cortex (lPMd) in sculpting movements according to the socio-interactive context. To clarify this issue, we ran two experiments integrating a classical stop signal paradigm with an ecological JA task. The first behavioral study shows longer Stop performance in the JA condition. In the second, we use transcranial magnetic stimulation to inhibit the lPMd or a control site (vertex). Results show that lPMd modulates the JA stopping performance. Action stopping is an important component of JA coordination, and here we provide evidence that lPMd is a key node of a brain network recruited for online mutual co-adaptation in social contexts. Interaction requires mutual adaptation and a shared cognitive task representation Sensorimotor representations must be negotiated between partners to achieve the goal Motor suppression mechanisms might be essential in Joint Action coordination Dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) plays a key role in guiding Joint Action coordination
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cardellicchio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Dolfini
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ausilio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Viganò L, Howells H, Rossi M, Rabuffetti M, Puglisi G, Leonetti A, Bellacicca A, Conti Nibali M, Gay L, Sciortino T, Cerri G, Bello L, Fornia L. Stimulation of frontal pathways disrupts hand muscle control during object manipulation. Brain 2021; 145:1535-1550. [PMID: 34623420 PMCID: PMC9128819 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of frontal motor areas during hand-object interaction is coordinated by dense communication along specific white matter pathways. This architecture allows the continuous shaping of voluntary motor output and, despite extensively investigated in non-human primate studies, remains poorly understood in humans. Disclosure of this system is crucial for predicting and treatment of motor deficits after brain lesions. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of direct electrical stimulation on white matter pathways within the frontal lobe on hand-object manipulation. This was tested in thirty-four patients (15 left hemisphere, mean age 42 years, 17 male, 15 with tractography) undergoing awake neurosurgery for frontal lobe tumour removal with the aid of the brain mapping technique. The stimulation outcome was quantified based on hand-muscle activity required by task execution. The white matter pathways responsive to stimulation with an interference on muscles were identified by means of probabilistic density estimation of stimulated sites, tract-based lesion-symptom (disconnectome) analysis and diffusion tractography on the single patient level. Finally, we assessed the effect of permanent tracts disconnection on motor outcome in the immediate postoperative period using a multivariate lesion-symptom mapping approach. The analysis showed that stimulation disrupted hand-muscle activity during task execution in 66 sites within the white matter below dorsal and ventral premotor regions. Two different EMG interference patterns associated with different structural architectures emerged: 1) an arrest pattern, characterised by complete impairment of muscle activity associated with an abrupt task interruption, occurred when stimulating a white matter area below the dorsal premotor region. Local mid-U-shaped fibres, superior fronto-striatal, corticospinal and dorsal fronto-parietal fibres intersected with this region. 2) a clumsy pattern, characterised by partial disruption of muscle activity associated with movement slowdown and/or uncoordinated finger movements, occurred when stimulating a white matter area below the ventral premotor region. Ventral fronto-parietal and inferior fronto-striatal tracts intersected with this region. Finally, only resections partially including the dorsal white matter region surrounding the supplementary motor area were associated with transient upper-limb deficit (p = 0.05; 5000 permutations). Overall, the results identify two distinct frontal white matter regions possibly mediating different aspects of hand-object interaction via distinct sets of structural connectivity. We suggest the dorsal region, associated with arrest pattern and post-operative immediate motor deficits, to be functionally proximal to motor output implementation, while the ventral region may be involved in sensorimotor integration required for task execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Viganò
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Henrietta Howells
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universita`degli Studi di Milano
| | - Marco Rossi
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Biomedical Technology Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puglisi
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano.,MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universita`degli Studi di Milano
| | - Antonella Leonetti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Andrea Bellacicca
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universita`degli Studi di Milano
| | - Marco Conti Nibali
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Lorenzo Gay
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Tommaso Sciortino
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Gabriella Cerri
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universita`degli Studi di Milano
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Luca Fornia
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universita`degli Studi di Milano
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31
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Eisen A, Lemon R. The motor deficit of ALS reflects failure to generate muscle synergies for complex motor tasks, not just muscle strength. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136171. [PMID: 34391870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Customarily the motor deficits that develop in ALS are considered in terms of muscle weakness. Functional rating scales used to assess ALS in terms of functional decline do not measure the deficits when performing complex motor tasks, that make up the human skilled motor repertoire, best exemplified by tasks requiring skilled hand and finger movement. This repertoire depends primarily upon the strength of direct corticomotoneuronal (CM) connectivity from primary motor cortex to the motor units subserving skilled movements. Our review prompts the question: if accumulating evidence suggests involvement of the CM system in the early stages of ALS, what kinds of motor deficit might be expected to result, and is current methodology able to identify such deficits? We point out that the CM system is organized not in "commands" to individual muscles, but rather encodes the building blocks of complex and intricate movements, which depend upon synergy between not only the prime mover muscles, but other muscles that stabilize the limb during skilled movement. Our knowledge of the functional organization of the CM system has come both from invasive studies in non-human primates and from advanced imaging and neurophysiological techniques in humans, some of which are now being applied in ALS. CM pathology in ALS has consequences not only for muscle strength, but importantly in the failure to generate complex motor tasks, often involving elaborate muscle synergies. Our aim is to encourage innovative methodology specifically directed to assessing complex motor tasks, failure of which is likely a very early clinical deficit in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Eisen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Roger Lemon
- Department of Clinical and Motor Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Targeting Primary Motor Cortex (M1) Functional Components in M1 Gliomas Enhances Safe Resection and Reveals M1 Plasticity Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153808. [PMID: 34359709 PMCID: PMC8345096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Primary-Motor-Cortex (M1) hosts two functional components, at its posterior and anterior borders, the first being faster and more excitable than the second. Our study reports a novel technique for the on-line identification of these functional components during M1 tumors resection. It reports for the first time the potential plastic reorganization of M1 and specifically how its functional organization is affected by a growing tumor and correlated to clinical, tumor-related factors and patient motor functional performance. It also shows for the first time that detecting the M1 functional architecture and targeting the two M1 functional components facilitates tumor resection, increasing the rate of complete tumor removal, while maintaining the patient’s functional motor capacity. Abstract Primary-Motor-Cortex (M1) hosts two functional components, at its posterior and anterior borders, being the first faster and more excitable. We developed a mapping-technique for M1 components identification and determined their functional cortical-subcortical architecture in M1 gliomas and the impact of their identification on tumor resection and motor performance. A novel advanced mapping technique was used in 102 tumors within M1 or CorticoSpinal-Tract to identify M1-two components. High-Frequency-stimulation (2–5 pulses) with an on-line qualitative and quantitative analysis of motor responses was used; the two components’ cortical/subcortical spatial distribution correlated to clinical, tumor-related factor and patients’ motor outcome; a cohort treated with standard-mapping was used for comparison. The two functional components were always identified on-line; in tumors not affecting M1, its functional segregation was preserved. In M1 tumors, two architectures, both preserving the two components, were disclosed: in 50%, a normal cortical/subcortical architecture emerged, while 50% revealed a distorted architecture with loss of anatomical reference and somatotopy, not associated with tumor histo-molecular features or volume, but with a previous treatment. Motor performance was maintained, suggesting functional compensation. By preserving the highest and resecting the lowest excitability component, the complete-resection increased with low morbidity. The real-time identification of two M1 functional components and the preservation of the highest excitability one increases safe resection, revealing M1 plasticity potentials.
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Rossi M, Puglisi G, Conti Nibali M, Viganò L, Sciortino T, Gay L, Leonetti A, Zito P, Riva M, Bello L. Asleep or awake motor mapping for resection of perirolandic glioma in the nondominant hemisphere? Development and validation of a multimodal score to tailor the surgical strategy. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:16-29. [PMID: 34144525 DOI: 10.3171/2020.11.jns202715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resection of glioma in the nondominant hemisphere involving the motor areas and pathways requires the use of brain-mapping techniques to spare essential sites subserving motor control. No clear indications are available for performing motor mapping under either awake or asleep conditions or for the best mapping paradigm (e.g., resting or active, high-frequency [HF] or low-frequency [LF] stimulation) that provides the best oncological and functional outcomes when tailored to the clinical context. This work aimed to identify clinical and imaging factors that influence surgical strategy (asleep motor mapping vs awake motor mapping) and that are associated with the best functional and oncological outcomes and to design a "motor mapping score" for guiding tumor resection in this area. METHODS The authors evaluated a retrospective series of patients with nondominant-hemisphere glioma-located or infiltrating within 2 cm anteriorly or posteriorly to the central sulcus and affecting the primary motor cortex, its fibers, and/or the praxis network-who underwent operations with asleep (HF monopolar probe) or awake (LF and HF probes) motor mapping. Clinical and imaging variables were used to design a motor mapping score. A prospective series of patients was used to validate this motor mapping score. RESULTS One hundred thirty-five patients were retrospectively analyzed: 69 underwent operations with asleep (HF stimulation) motor mapping, and 66 underwent awake (LF and HF stimulation and praxis task evaluation) motor mapping. Previous motor (strength) deficit, previous treatment (surgery/radiotherapy), tumor volume > 30 cm3, and tumor involvement of the praxis network (on MRI) were identified and used to design the mapping score. Motor deficit, previous treatment, and location within or close to the central sulcus favor use of asleep motor mapping; large tumor volume and involvement of the praxis network favor use of awake motor mapping. The motor mapping score was validated in a prospective series of 52 patients-35 underwent operations with awake motor mapping and 17 with asleep motor mapping on the basis of the score indications-who had a low rate of postoperative motor-praxis deficit (3%) and a high extent of resection (median 97%; complete resection in > 70% of patients). CONCLUSIONS Extensive resection of tumor involving the eloquent areas for motor control is feasible, and when an appropriate mapping strategy is applied, the incidence of postoperative motor-praxis deficit is low. Asleep (HF stimulation) motor mapping is preferable for lesions close to or involving the central sulcus and/or in patients with preoperative strength deficit and/or history of previous treatment. When a patient has no motor deficit or previous treatment and has a lesion (> 30 cm3) involving the praxis network, awake mapping is preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- 1Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, and.,2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and
| | - Guglielmo Puglisi
- 2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and.,3Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Marco Conti Nibali
- 1Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, and.,2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and
| | - Luca Viganò
- 1Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, and.,2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and
| | - Tommaso Sciortino
- 1Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, and.,2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and
| | - Lorenzo Gay
- 1Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, and.,2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and
| | - Antonella Leonetti
- 2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and.,3Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Paola Zito
- 4Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Riva
- 2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and.,3Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- 1Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, and.,2Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano; and
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Marotta A, Re A, Zampini M, Fiorio M. Bodily self-perception during voluntary actions: The causal contribution of premotor cortex and cerebellum. Cortex 2021; 142:1-14. [PMID: 34166922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary actions are accompanied by the experience of controlling one's own movements (sense of agency) and the feeling that the moving body part belongs to one's self (sense of body ownership). So far, agency and body ownership have been investigated separately, leaving the neural underpinnings of the relation between the two largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore the causal role of two multisensory brain regions, that is the premotor cortex (PMc) and the cerebellum, in agency and body ownership concurrently on the same behavioral task, i.e., the moving Rubber Hand Illusion (mRHI). Participants watched a rubber hand while moving their hidden hand. The type of movement (active or passive) and posture of the rubber hand (congruent or incongruent) differed in three conditions (active congruent, passive congruent, active incongruent), so that agency and ownership could be elicited either separately or concurrently. Agency and ownership were measured by subjective report and proprioceptive drift. Sham and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were delivered to the PMc (Experiment 1) or the cerebellum (Experiment 2) prior to the mRHI task. Independent of the site or type of tDCS, subjective reports revealed that both agency and ownership were evoked in the active congruent condition, ownership but not agency in the passive congruent condition, and agency but not ownership in the active incongruent condition. The proprioceptive drift was evoked in the active congruent and the passive congruent condition. Anodal tDCS over the PMc reduced the feeling of agency in the active congruent condition, while it enhanced proprioceptive drift when applied over the cerebellum. These findings suggest a specific causal contribution of the PMc and the cerebellum to bodily self-perception during voluntary movement, with the PMc mainly involved in awareness of action and the cerebellum in proprioceptive adaptation of body position in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Re
- Department of Cognitive Science, Psychology, Educational and Cultural Studies (COSPECS), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Zampini
- Centro Interdipartimentale Mente/Cervello, CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy; Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Mirta Fiorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Negative motor responses to direct electrical stimulation: Behavioral assessment hides different effects on muscles. Cortex 2021; 137:194-204. [PMID: 33640851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A negative motor response (NMR) is defined as the inability to continue voluntary movements without losing consciousness when direct electrical stimulation (DES) is applied during awake neurosurgery. While visual inspection is most commonly used to define an NMR, the actual effect of stimulation on muscle activity has been neglected by recent neurosurgical literature. We show that behavioral assessment of NMRs hides different site-dependent effects on muscles as revealed by electromyography (EMG), describing ten cases of brain tumor patients undergoing awake neurosurgery while performing a hand-object manipulation task. DES-induced NMRs were assessed behaviorally and related to the underlying electromyographic recording. Quantitative analysis of motor unit recruitment and regularity between phasic muscle contractions was computed. We show that similar NMRs classified based on behavioral criteria can be associated with suppression, increased recruitment or mixed effects on ongoing hand muscles. In some cases, suppression of hand muscle activity is associated with involuntary recruitment of muscles not involved in the task. Interestingly, stimulation of behaviorally defined "negative areas" across the frontal and parietal lobes elicits different electromyographic patterns, depending on the stimulation site. This study provides novel preliminary background as to the heterogeneous profile of muscle activity during NMRs. In fact, EMG monitoring paired with behavioral assessment can distinguish between NMRs that, despite similarity on behavioral inspection, are different in their related EMG, possibly underlying different neural substrates. The identification of different circuits hidden in similar NMRs may become relevant when planning the extension of resection.
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Bu LH, Zhang J, Lu JF, Wu JS. Glioma surgery with awake language mapping versus generalized anesthesia: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:1997-2011. [PMID: 33089447 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Awake craniotomy with language mapping is being increasingly applied to avoid postoperative language dysfunctions worldwide. However, the effectiveness and reliability of this technique remain unclear due to the paucity of studies comparing the awake craniotomy with general anesthesia. To determine the benefit of awake craniotomy for language, motor, and neurological functions, as well as other clinical outcomes, we searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database up to December 2019. Gray literatures were also searched. We included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies comparing awake craniotomy versus general anesthetic resection and reporting the language and neurological outcomes. Ten studies with 833 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) suggested no significant differences in language and neurological outcomes between general anesthesia group and awake craniotomy group without electrical stimulation. Awake craniotomy with electrical stimulation, however, was associated with improved late language and neurological outcomes (≥ 3 months) versus general anesthesia with pooled RR of 0.44 (95% CI = 0.20-0.96) and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.30-0.79), respectively. Awake craniotomy with electrical stimulation was also associated with better extent of resection with the pooled RR of 0.81 (95%CI = 0.71-0.92) and shorter hospital stay duration with the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of - 1.14 (95%CI = - 1.80 to - 0.48). This meta-analysis suggested that the application of awake craniotomy with electrical stimulation during glioma resection is associated with lower risks of long-term neurological and language deficits and higher extent of tumor resection, as well as shorter hospital stay duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jun-Feng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jin-Song Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Long-term limb immobilization modulates inhibition-related electrophysiological brain activity. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Grünbaum T, Christensen MS. Measures of agency. Neurosci Conscious 2020; 2020:niaa019. [PMID: 32793394 PMCID: PMC7416314 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of agency is typically defined as the experience of controlling one’s own actions, and through them, changes in the external environment. It is often assumed that this experience is a single, unified construct that can be experimentally manipulated and measured in a variety of ways. In this article, we challenge this assumption. We argue that we should acknowledge four possible agency-related psychological constructs. Having a clear grasp of the possible constructs is important since experimental procedures are only able to target some but not all the possible constructs. The unacknowledged misalignment of the possible constructs of a sense of agency and the experimental procedures is a major theoretical and methodological obstacle to studying the sense of agency. Only if we recognize the nature of this obstacle will we be able to design the experimental paradigms that would enable us to study the responsible computational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Grünbaum
- Section for Philosophy, University of Copenhagen, Karen Blixens Plads 8, DK - 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Mark Schram Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Christensen Lab - Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK - 2200, Copenhagen N, 33.3.52, Denmark
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Rech F, Wassermann D, Duffau H. New insights into the neural foundations mediating movement/language interactions gained from intrasurgical direct electrostimulations. Brain Cogn 2020; 142:105583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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