1
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Ying P, Hod O, Urbakh M. Superlubric Graphullerene. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39158098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphullerene (GF), an extended quasi-two-dimensional network of C60 molecules, is proposed as a multicontact platform for constructing superlubric interfaces with layered materials. Such interfaces are predicted to present very small and comparable sliding energy corrugation regardless of the identity of the underlying flat layered material surface. It is shown that, beyond the geometrical effect, covalent interlinking between the C60 molecules results in reduction of the sliding energy barrier. For extended GF supercells, negligible sliding energy barriers are found along all sliding directions considered, even when compared to the case of the robust superlubric graphene/h-BN heterojunction. This suggests that multicontact architectures can be used to design ultrasuperlubric interfaces, where superlubricity may persist under extreme sliding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Ying
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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2
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Dong M, Sun Y, Dunstan DJ, Young RJ, Papageorgiou DG. Mechanical reinforcement from two-dimensional nanofillers: model, bulk and hybrid polymer nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13247-13299. [PMID: 38940686 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to their intrinsic properties, multifunctionality and unique geometrical features, two-dimensional nanomaterials have been used widely as reinforcements in polymer nanocomposites. The effective mechanical reinforcement of polymers is, however, a multifaceted problem as it depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the fillers and the matrix, but also upon a number of other important parameters. These parameters include the processing method, the interfacial properties, the aspect ratio, defects, orientation, agglomeration and volume fraction of the fillers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites from two-dimensional nanofillers with an emphasis on the mechanisms of reinforcement. Model, bulk and hybrid polymer nanocomposites are reviewed comprehensively. The use of Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies is examined in light of the distinctive information they can yield upon stress transfer at interfaces. It is shown that the very diverse family of 2D nanofillers includes a number of materials that can attribute distrinctive features to a polymeric matrix, and we focus on the mechanical properties of both graphene and some of the most important 2D materials beyond graphene, including boron nitride, molybdenum disulphide, other transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes and black phosphorous. In the first part of the review we evaluate the mechanical properties of 2D nanoplatelets in "model" nanocomposites. Next we examine how the performance of these materials can be optimised in bulk nanocomposites. Finally, combinations of these 2D nanofillers with other 2D nanomaterials or with nanofillers of other dimensions are assessed thoroughly, as such combinations can lead to additive or even synergistic mechanical effects. Existing unsolved problems and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Yiwei Sun
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - David J Dunstan
- School of Physics and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Robert J Young
- National Graphene Institute, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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3
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Zheng H, Zhai D, Xiao C, Yao W. Interlayer Electric Multipoles Induced by In-Plane Field from Quantum Geometric Origins. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8017-8023. [PMID: 38899935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We show that interlayer charge transfer in 2D materials can be driven by an in-plane electric field, giving rise to electrical multipole generation in linear and second order in-plane field. The linear and nonlinear effects have quantum geometric origins in the Berry curvature and quantum metric, respectively, defined in extended parameter spaces characteristic of layered materials. We elucidate their symmetry characters and demonstrate sizable dipole and quadrupole polarizations, respectively, in twisted bilayers and trilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Furthermore, we show that this effect is strongly enhanced during the topological phase transition tuned by interlayer translation. The effects point to a new electric control on the layer quantum degree of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dawei Zhai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wang Yao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Yu C, Cao J, Zhu S, Dai Z. Preparation and Modeling of Graphene Bubbles to Obtain Strain-Induced Pseudomagnetic Fields. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2889. [PMID: 38930258 PMCID: PMC11204662 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
It has been both theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated that strain can effectively modulate the electronic states of graphene sheets through the creation of a pseudomagnetic field (PMF). Pressurizing graphene sheets into bubble-like structures has been considered a viable approach for the strain engineering of PMFs. However, the bubbling technique currently faces limitations such as long manufacturing time, low durability, and challenges in precise control over the size and shape of the pressurized bubble. Here, we propose a rapid bubbling method based on an oxygen plasma chemical reaction to achieve rapid induction of out-of-plane deflections and in-plane strains in graphene sheets. We introduce a numerical scheme capable of accurately resolving the strain field and resulting PMFs within the pressurized graphene bubbles, even in cases where the bubble shape deviates from perfect spherical symmetry. The results provide not only insights into the strain engineering of PMFs in graphene but also a platform that may facilitate the exploration of the strain-mediated electronic behaviors of a variety of other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Yu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (C.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiacong Cao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (C.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Shuze Zhu
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (C.Y.); (J.C.)
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5
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Wang Y, Yang X, Liang H, Zhao J, Zhang J. Macroscale Superlubricity on Nanoscale Graphene Moiré Structure-Assembled Surface via Counterface Hydrogen Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309701. [PMID: 38483889 PMCID: PMC11109616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer incommensurateness slippage is an excellent pathway to realize superlubricity of van der Waals materials; however, it is instable and heavily depends on twisted angle and super-smooth substrate which pose great challenges for the practical application of superlubricity. Here, macroscale superlubricity (0.001) is reported on countless nanoscale graphene moiré structure (GMS)-assembled surface via counterface hydrogen (H) modulation. The GMS-assembled surface is formed on grinding balls via sphere-triggered strain engineering. By the H modulation of counterface diamond-like carbon (25 at.% H), the wear of GMS-assembled surface is significantly reduced and a steadily superlubric sliding interface between them is achieved, based on assembly face charge depletion and H-induced assembly edge weakening. Furthermore, the superlubricity between GMS-assembled and DLC25 surfaces holds true in wide ranges of normal load (7-11 N), sliding velocity (0.5-27 cm -1s), contact area (0.4×104-3.7×104 µm2), and contact pressure (0.19-1.82 GPa). Atomistic simulations confirm the preferential formation of GMS on a sphere, and demonstrate the superlubricity on GMS-assembled surface via counterface H modulation. The results provide an efficient tribo-pairing strategy to achieve robust superlubricity, which is of significance for the engineering application of superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of MaterialsLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
| | - Huiting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Division of Machine ElementsDepartment of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSE‐97187Sweden
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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6
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Dey A, Azizimanesh A, Wu SM, Askari H. Uniaxial Strain-Induced Stacking Order Change in Trilayer Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8169-8183. [PMID: 38295436 PMCID: PMC10875650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The layer stacking order in two-dimensional heterostructures, like graphene, affects their physical properties and potential applications. Trilayer graphene, specifically ABC-trilayer graphene, has captured significant interest due to its potential for correlated electronic states. However, achieving a stable ABC arrangement is challenging due to its lower thermodynamic stability compared to the more stable ABA stacking. Despite recent advancements in obtaining ABC graphene through external perturbations, such as strain, the stacking transition mechanism remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we unveil a universal mechanism to achieve ABC stacking, applicable for understanding ABA to ABC stacking changes induced by any mechanical perturbations. Our approach is based on a novel strain engineering technique that induces interlayer slippage and results in the formation of stable ABC domains. We investigate the underlying interfacial mechanisms of this stacking change through computational simulations and experiments. Our findings demonstrate a highly anisotropic and significant transformation of ABA stacking to large and stable ABC domains facilitated by interlayer slippage. Through atomistic simulations and local energy analysis, we systematically demonstrate the mechanism for this stacking transition, that is dependent on specific loading orientation. Understanding such a mechanism allows this material system to be engineered by design compatible with industrial techniques on a device-by-device level. We conduct Raman studies to validate and characterize the formed ABC stacking, highlighting its distinct features compared to the ABA region. Our results contribute to a clearer understanding of the stacking change mechanism and provide a robust and controllable method for achieving stable ABC domains, facilitating their use in developing advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dey
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ahmad Azizimanesh
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0001, United States
| | - Stephen M. Wu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0001, United States
| | - Hesam Askari
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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7
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Sgouros AP, Drougkas E, Kallivokas SV, Theodorou DN. Buckling kinetics of graphene membranes under uniaxial compression. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L023001. [PMID: 38491591 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite past investigations of the buckling instability, the kinetics of the buckling process is not well understood. We develop a generic framework for determining the buckling kinetics of membranes under compressive stress (σ_{b}) via molecular dynamics simulations. The buckling time (t_{b}) is modeled by an extended Boltzmann-Arrhenius-Zhurkov equation accounting for temperature (T) and scale-dependent bending rigidity. We discern three regimes: (I) t_{b} decreases with T; (II) t_{b} increases with T; (III) t_{b} is T independent. Regime II coheres with the predictions of the theory of fluctuating sheets (TFS). Regime I is seen at small scales due to fluctuations about equilibrium and is not predicted by the TFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis P Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Drougkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros V Kallivokas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
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8
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Du S, Zhang C, Luo Z. Effect of the Molecular Structure of 1,3-Diketones on the Realization of Oil-Based Superlubricity on Steel/Steel Friction Pairs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:805-817. [PMID: 38134349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this article, five kinds of 1,3-diketones and their chelates with different molecular structures were prepared, and their tribological properties were tested. The experimental results show that the running-in time and friction coefficient of the friction pairs lubricated by 1,3-diketones containing a benzene ring increased with the increase of the carbon chain length. In addition, only the friction pair lubricated by 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-butane-1,3-dione (0201) and 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-nonane-1,3-dione (0206) could achieve stable superlubricity. When the benzene ring was replaced with a carbon six-membered ring, it was found that although the friction pair lubricated by this lubricant could achieve superlubricity, the wear of the friction pair was severe, and obvious abrasive wear occurred. In addition, the lubricants prepared by mixing 1,3-diketones and the corresponding chelates in a ratio of 4:6 had greatly improved lubricating properties compared to 1,3-diketones. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the surface of the friction pair after the test and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of 1,3-diketones before and after the experiment, we found that the necessary conditions for the friction pair lubricated by 1,3-diketone to achieve superlubricity were formation of tribochemical adsorption films and the presence of chelates in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Yang X, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang J. Tunable, Wide-Temperature, and Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Nanoscale Van Der Waals Heterojunction-to-Homojunction Transformation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303580. [PMID: 37354130 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving macroscale superlubricity of van der Waals (vdW) nanopowders is particularly challenging, due to the difficulty in forming ordered junctions before friction and the friction-induced complex contact restructuration among multiple nanometer-sized junctions. Here, a facile way is reported to achieve vdW nanopowder-to-heterojunction conversion by graphene edge-oxygen (GEO) incorporation. The GEO effectively weakens the out-of-plane edge-edge and in-plane plane-edge states of the vdW nanopowder, leading to a coexistent structure of nanoscale homojunctions and heterojunctions on the grinding balls. When sliding on diamond-like carbon surfaces, the ball-supported structure governs macroscale superlubricity by heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation among the countless nanoscale junctions. Furthermore, the transformation guides the tunable design of superlubricity, achieving superlubricity (µ ≈ 0.005) at wide ranges of load, velocity, and temperature (-200 to 300 °C). Atomistic simulations reveal the GEO-enhanced conversion of vdW nanopowder to heterojunctions and demonstrate the heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation superlubricity mechanism. The findings are of significance for the macroscopic scale-up and engineering application of structural superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Wang C, He Q, Guo P, Qi H, Su J, Chen W, Tang C, Jia Y. Friction properties of black phosphorus: a first-principles study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:275703. [PMID: 37015217 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acca25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on the first-principle, the friction anisotropy, structural super-lubricity and oxidation induced ultra-low friction of black phosphorus at atomic scale under different loads have been studied. The results show that the interface friction of black phosphorus is anisotropic, that is, the friction along the armchair direction is greater than that along the zigzag direction. Moreover, the friction between the black phosphorus interfaces shows a structural superlubricity property, and the incommensurate interface friction is approximately one thousandth of the commensurate interface friction, which is mainly due to the less electronic charge and the smaller amplitude of electronic charge change between the incommensurate interfaces during the friction process. In addition, the oxidation of black phosphorus is beneficial for lubrication between interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing He
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang Qi
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Su
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjuan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, People's Republic of China
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11
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Yang S, Chen W, Sa B, Guo Z, Zheng J, Pei J, Zhan H. Strain-Dependent Band Splitting and Spin-Flip Dynamics in Monolayer WS 2. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3070-3077. [PMID: 36995751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triggered by the expanding demands of semiconductor devices, strain engineering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has garnered considerable research interest. Through steady-state measurements, strain has been proved in terms of its modulation of electronic energy bands and optoelectronic properties in TMDs. However, the influence of strain on the spin-orbit coupling as well as its related valley excitonic dynamics remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the effect of strain on the excitonic dynamics of monolayer WS2 via steady-state fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. Combined with theoretical calculations, we found that tensile strain can reduce the spin-splitting value of the conduction band and lead to transitions between different exciton states via spin-flip mechanism. Our findings suggest that the spin-flip process is strain-dependent, provides a reference for application of valleytronic devices, where tensile strain is usually existing during their design and fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingying Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiajie Pei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovatation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, Peoples Republic of China
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12
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Heterostrain and temperature-tuned twist between graphene/h-BN bilayers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4364. [PMID: 36928342 PMCID: PMC10020467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials stacked atomically at small twist angles enable the modification of electronic states, motivating twistronics. Here, we demonstrate that heterostrain can rotate the graphene flake on monolayer h-BN within a few degrees (- 4° to 4°), and the twist angle stabilizes at specific values with applied constant strains, while the temperature effect is negligible in 100-900 K. The band gaps of bilayers can be modulated from ~ 0 to 37 meV at proper heterostrain and twist angles. Further analysis shows that the heterostrain modulates the interlayer energy landscape by regulating Moiré pattern evolution. The energy variation is correlated with the dynamic instability of different stacking modes of bilayers, and arises from the fluctuation of interlayer repulsive interaction associated with p-orbit electrons. Our results provide a mechanical strategy to manipulate twist angles of graphene/h-BN bilayers, and may facilitate the design of rotatable electronic nanodevices.
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13
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Dey A, Chowdhury SA, Peña T, Singh S, Wu SM, Askari H. An Atomistic Insight into Moiré Reconstruction in Twisted Bilayer Graphene beyond the Magic Angle. ACS APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2023; 1:970-982. [PMID: 37008886 PMCID: PMC10043875 DOI: 10.1021/acsaenm.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene exhibits electronic properties strongly correlated with the size and arrangement of moiré patterns. While rigid rotation of the two graphene layers results in a moiré interference pattern, local rearrangements of atoms due to interlayer van der Waals interactions result in atomic reconstruction within the moiré cells. Manipulating these patterns by controlling the twist angle and externally applied strain provides a promising route to tuning their properties. Atomic reconstruction has been extensively studied for angles close to or smaller than the magic angle (θ m = 1.1°). However, this effect has not been explored for applied strain and is believed to be negligible for high twist angles. Using interpretive and fundamental physical measurements, we use theoretical and numerical analyses to resolve atomic reconstruction in angles above θ m . In addition, we propose a method to identify local regions within moiré cells and track their evolution with strain for a range of representative high twist angles. Our results show that atomic reconstruction is actively present beyond the magic angle, and its contribution to the moiré cell evolution is significant. Our theoretical method to correlate local and global phonon behavior further validates the role of reconstruction at higher angles. Our findings provide a better understanding of moiré reconstruction in large twist angles and the evolution of moiré cells under the application of strain, which might be potentially crucial for twistronics-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Shoieb Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Tara Peña
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Sobhit Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephen M. Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Hesam Askari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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14
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Li R, Yang X, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydrogen-Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Amorphous Carbon to Graphene for Achieving Superlubricity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206580. [PMID: 36642795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state conversion of amorphous carbon into graphene is extremely difficult, but it can be achieved in the friction experiments that induce macroscale superlubricity. However, the underlying conversion mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the friction experiments with Cu nanoparticles and (non-hydrogen (H) or H) a-C in vacuum, show the H-induced conversion of mechanical to chemical wear, resulting in the a-C's tribosoftening and nanofragmentating that produce hydrocarbon nanoclusters or molecules. It is such exactly hydrocarbon species that yield graphene at hydrogen-rich a-C friction interface, through reaction of them with Cu nanoparticles. In comparison, graphene isn't formed at Cu/non-H a-C friction interface. Atomistic simulations reveal the hydrogen-enhanced tribochemical decomposition of a-C and demonstrate the energetically favorable graphitization transformation of hydrocarbons on Cu substrates. The findings are of importance to achieve solid-state transformation between different carbon allotropes and provide a good strategy to synthesize other graphitic encapsulated catalysts with doped elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
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15
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Panizon E, Silva A, Cao X, Wang J, Bechinger C, Vanossi A, Tosatti E, Manini N. Frictionless nanohighways on crystalline surfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1299-1316. [PMID: 36545940 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of friction at nano-scales, ruled by the regular arrangement of atoms, is surprisingly incomplete. Here we provide a unified understanding by studying the interlocking potential energy of two infinite contacting surfaces with arbitrary lattice symmetries, and extending it to finite contacts. We categorize, based purely on geometrical features, all possible contacts into three different types: a structurally lubric contact where the monolayer can move isotropically without friction, a corrugated and strongly interlocked contact, and a newly discovered directionally structurally lubric contact where the layer can move frictionlessly along one specific direction and retains finite friction along all other directions. This novel category is energetically stable against rotational perturbations and provides extreme friction anisotropy. The finite-size analysis shows that our categorization applies to a wide range of technologically relevant materials in contact, from adsorbates on crystal surfaces to layered two-dimensional materials and colloidal monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panizon
- Fachbereich Physik, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Silva
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Xin Cao
- Fachbereich Physik, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vanossi
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erio Tosatti
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Manini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Dimitropoulos M, Trakakis G, Androulidakis C, Kotsidi M, Galiotis C. Wrinkle-mediated CVD synthesis of wafer scale Graphene/h-BN heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:025601. [PMID: 36215949 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac98d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional materials (2D) into heterostructures enables their integration in tunable ultrathin devices. For applications in electronics and optoelectronics, direct growth of wafer-scale and vertically stacked graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructures is vital. The fundamental problem, however, is the catalytically inert nature of h-BN substrates, which typically provide a low rate of carbon precursor breakdown and consequently a poor rate of graphene synthesis. Furthermore, out-of-plane deformations such as wrinkles are commonly seen in 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Herein, a wrinkle-facilitated route is developed for the fast growth of graphene/h-BN vertical heterostructures on Cu foils. The key advantage of this synthetic pathway is the exploitation of the increased reactivity from inevitable line defects arising from the CVD process, which can act as active sites for graphene nucleation. The resulted heterostructures are found to exhibit superlubric properties with increased bending stiffness, as well as directional electronic properties, as revealed from atomic force microscopy measurements. This work offers a brand-new route for the fast growth of Gr/h-BN heterostructures with practical scalability, thus propelling applications in electronics and nanomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Dimitropoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Trakakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalampos Androulidakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kotsidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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17
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Georgoulea NC, Power SR, Caffrey NM. Strain-induced stacking transition in bilayer graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:475302. [PMID: 36174544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac965d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strain, both naturally occurring and deliberately engineered, can have a considerable effect on the structural and electronic properties of 2D and layered materials. Uniaxial or biaxial heterostrain modifies the stacking arrangement of bilayer graphene (BLG) which subsequently influences the electronic structure of the bilayer. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the interplay between an external applied heterostrain and the resulting stacking in BLG. We determine how a strain applied to one layer is transferred to a second, 'free' layer and at what critical strain the ground-state AB-stacking is disrupted. To overcome limitations introduced by periodic boundary conditions, we consider an approximate system consisting of an infinite graphene sheet and an armchair graphene nanoribbon. We find that above a critical strain of∼1%, it is energetically favourable for the free layer to be unstrained, indicating a transition between uniform AB-stacking and non-uniform mixed stacking. This is in agreement with a simple model estimate based on the individual energy contributions of strain and stacking effects. Our findings suggest that small levels of strain provide a platform to reversibly engineer stacking order and Moiré features in bilayers, providing a viable alternative to twistronics to engineer topological and exotic physical phenomena in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Georgoulea
- School of Physics, AMBER & CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen R Power
- School of Physics, AMBER & CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nuala M Caffrey
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Quantum Engineering, Science, and Technology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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18
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Xu C, Zhang S, Du H, Xue T, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Li Q. Revisiting Frictional Characteristics of Graphene: Effect of In-Plane Straining. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41571-41576. [PMID: 36043243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Supreme mechanical performance and tribological properties render graphene a promising candidate as a surface friction modifier. Recently, it has been demonstrated that applying in-plane strain can effectively tune friction of suspended graphene in a reversible manner. However, since graphene is deposited on solid surfaces in most tribological applications, whether such operation will result in a similar modulation effect becomes a critical question to be answered. Herein, by depositing graphene onto a stretchable substrate, the frictional characteristics of supported graphene under a wide range of strain are examined with an in situ tensile loading platform. The experimental results show that friction of supported graphene decreases with increasing graphene strain, similar to the suspended system. However, depending on the adherence state of the graphene/substrate interface, the system exhibits two distinct friction regimes with significantly different strain dependences. Assisted by detailed atomic force microscopy imaging, we attribute the unique behavior to the transition between two friction modulation modes, i.e., contact-quality-dominated friction and puckering-dominated friction. This work provides a more comprehensive view of the influence of strain on surface friction of graphene, which is beneficial for active modulation of graphene friction through strain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Xu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tao Xue
- Center for Analysis and Test, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yilan Kang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Qunyang Li
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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19
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Li J, Li J. Synergistic Lubrication Effect between Oxidized Black Phosphorus and Oil Molecules Triggers Superlubricity. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8245-8253. [PMID: 36018294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized black phosphorus (BP) has been demonstrated as a promising oil-based nanoadditive because of its superior friction-reducing capability. However, the synergistic lubrication effect between oxidized BP and oil at the molecular level dominating the friction properties remains unclear. In this Letter, the synergistic lubrication effect between oxidized BP and two typical oil molecules (nonane and nonanoic acid) was explored with an atomic force microscope. The superlubricity of oxidized BP with an ultralow friction coefficient of 0.006 was achieved in the nonanoic acid environment, exhibiting a 96% reduction compared with that in the nonane environment. There was a confined nonanoic acid layer in the contact zone with a tilt angle of 35° because of the hydrogen bonding interaction, contributing to the superlubricity. This observation sheds light on the exploration of the lubrication mechanism of oxidized BP as a nanoadditive in oil, which reveals the considerable implications for the design of high-performance lubrication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Li Y, Chen B, He L, Huang S, Kuang Y. Scaling up ultrathin boat-graphane with the non-classical stiffness relation to macroscopic metamaterials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12455-12462. [PMID: 35979883 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01689c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scaling up ultrathin nanosheets with unusual mechanical properties to macroscopic metamaterials is an intriguing topic considering the significant gap of their characteristic scales. In this regard, we investigate the relation between the in- and out-of-plane stiffness of monolayer boat-graphane in two principal axis directions by quantum mechanical calculations. A non-classical relation between the two types of stiffness is found, in opposition to the classical one for orthotropic thin plates. Analytical lattice dynamics models are proposed and suggest that the two kinds of stiffness stem from different covalent interaction sources, giving rise to the discrepancy. Guided by the geometry of boat-graphane and the model predictions, the non-classical relation successfully scales to macroscopic metamaterial plates, as justified by finite element simulations. The key structural parameters for successful scaling are also explored. The present work not only enriches our understanding of the nanomechanics of ultrathin nanosheets but also suggests a novel approach to construct mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Li
- School of Mechanics and Construction Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Binxiang Chen
- School of Mechanics and Construction Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Linghui He
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- School of Mechanics and Construction Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Youdi Kuang
- School of Mechanics and Construction Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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21
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Bai H, Bao H, Li Y, Xu H, Li S, Ma F. One-Dimensional Strain Solitons Manipulated Superlubricity on Graphene Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7261-7268. [PMID: 35914178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frictional properties of a uniaxial tensile strained graphene interface are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. A misfit interval statistical method (MISM) is applied to characterize the atomistic misfits at the interface and strain soliton pattern. During sliding along both armchair and zigzag directions, the lateral force depends on the ratio of graphene flake length (L) to strain soliton spacing (Ls) and becomes nearly zero when L is an integer multiple of 3Ls. Furthermore, the strain solitons propagate along the armchair sliding direction dynamically, while fission and fusion are repeatedly evidenced along the zigzag sliding direction. The underlying superlubric mechanism is revealed by a single-atom quasi-static model. The cancellation of lateral force for the contacting atoms exhibits a dynamic balance when sliding along the armchair direction but a quasi-static balance along the zigzag direction. A diagram of flake length with respect to tensile strain (L-ε) is proposed to predict the critical condition for the transition from nonsuperlubricity to superlubricity. Our results provide insights on the design of superlubric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haodong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Lang H, Zou K, Chen R, Huang Y, Peng Y. Role of Interfacial Water in the Tribological Behavior of Graphene in an Electric Field. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6055-6061. [PMID: 35868008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Friction properties in the electric field are important for the application of graphene as a solid lubricant in graphene-based micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. The studies based on conductive atomic force microscopy show that interfacial water between graphene and the SiO2/Si substrate affects the friction of graphene in the electric field. Friction without applying voltage remains low because the interfacial water retains a stable ice-like network. However, friction after applying voltage increases because the polar water molecules are attracted by the electric field and gather around the tip. The gathered interfacial water not only increases the deformation of graphene but is also pushed by the tip during frictional sliding, which results in the increased friction. These studies provide beneficial guidelines for the applications of graphene as a solid lubricant in the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kun Zou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruling Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yitian Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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23
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Mao J, Wu Z, Guo F, Hao J. Strain-Induced Performance Enhancement of a Monolayer Photodetector via Patterned Substrate Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36052-36059. [PMID: 35912816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit tremendous potential for applications in next-generation photodetectors. Currently, approaches aiming at enhancing the device's performance are limited, mainly relying on complex hybrid systems such as heterostructures and sensitization. Here, we propose a new strategy by constructing patterned nanostructures compatible with the conventional silicon substrate. Using CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 on the periodical nanocone arrays, we demonstrate a high-performance MoS2 photodetector via manipulating strain distribution engineered by the substrate at the nanoscale. Compared to the pristine MoS2 counterpart, the strained MoS2 photodetector exhibits a much enhanced performance, including a high signal-to-noise ratio over 105 and large responsivity of 3.2 × 104 A W-1. The physical mechanism responsible for the enhancement is discussed by combining Kelvin probe force microscopy with theoretical simulation. The enhanced performances can be attributed to the improved light absorption, the fast separation of photo-excited carriers, and the suppression of dark currents induced by the designed periodical nanocone arrays. This work depicts an alternative method to achieve high-performance optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials integrated with semiconductor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Mao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zehan Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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24
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Wang J, Liu C, Miao K, Zhang K, Zheng W, Chen C. Macroscale Robust Superlubricity on Metallic NbB 2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103815. [PMID: 35266647 PMCID: PMC9069360 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Robust superlubricity (RSL), defined by concurrent superlow friction and wear, holds great promise for reducing material and energy loss in vast industrial and technological operations. Despite recent advances, challenges remain in finding materials that exhibit RSL on macrolength and time scales and possess vigorous electrical conduction ability. Here, the discovery of RSL is reported on hydrated NbB2 films that exhibit vanishingly small coefficient of friction (0.001-0.006) and superlow wear rate (≈10-17 m3 N-1 m-1 ) on large length scales reaching millimeter range and prolonged time scales lasting through extensive loading durations. Moreover, the measured low resistivity (≈10-6 Ω m) of the synthesized NbB2 film indicates ample capability for electrical conduction, extending macroscale RSL to hitherto largely untapped metallic materials. Pertinent microscopic mechanisms are elucidated by deciphering the intricate load-driven chemical reactions that generate and sustain the observed superlubricating state and assessing the strong stress responses under diverse strains that produce the superior durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Automobile MaterialsMOEJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchun130118China
| | - Chang Liu
- International Center for Computational Methods and SoftwareCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Kaifei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Automobile MaterialsMOEJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Kan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Automobile MaterialsMOEJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Automobile MaterialsMOEJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNV89154USA
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25
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Liu M, Zhuo Y, Sarycheva A, Gogotsi Y, Bissett MA, Young RJ, Kinloch IA. Deformation of and Interfacial Stress Transfer in Ti 3C 2 MXene-Polymer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10681-10690. [PMID: 35188382 PMCID: PMC9171720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transitional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have promise for incorporation into multifunctional composites due to their high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical and tribological properties. It is unclear, however, to what extent MXenes are also able to improve the mechanical properties of the composites and, if so, what would be the optimal flake size and morphology. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene is demonstrated to be indeed a good candidate for mechanical reinforcement in polymer matrices. In the present work, the strain-induced Raman band shifts of mono-/few-/multilayer MXenes flakes have been used to study the mechanical properties of MXene and the interlayer/interfacial stress transfer on a polymer substrate. The mechanical performance of MXene was found to be less dependent upon flake thickness compared to that of graphene. This enables Ti3C2Tx MXene to offer an efficient mechanical reinforcement to a polymer matrix with a flake length of >10 μm and a thickness of 10s of nanometers. Therefore, the degree of exfoliation of MXenes is not as demanding as other two-dimensional (2D) materials for the purpose of mechanical enhancement in polymers. In addition, the active surface chemistry of MXene facilitates possible functionalization to enable a stronger interface with polymers for applications, such as strain engineering and mechanical enhancement, and in materials including membranes, coatings, and textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Liu
- National
Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute and Department of Materials,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yuling Zhuo
- National
Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute and Department of Materials,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Asia Sarycheva
- A.
J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.
J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mark A. Bissett
- National
Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute and Department of Materials,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Robert J. Young
- National
Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute and Department of Materials,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ian A. Kinloch
- National
Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute and Department of Materials,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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26
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Sun J, Zhang L, Pang R, Zhao X, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Xue X, Ren X, Zhu W, Li S, Zhang Z. Negative Differential Friction Predicted in 2D Ferroelectric In 2 Se 3 Commensurate Contacts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103443. [PMID: 34761558 PMCID: PMC8805561 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At the macroscopic scale, the friction force (f) is found to increase with the normal load (N), according to the classic law of Da Vinci-Amontons, namely, f = µN, with a positive definite friction coefficient (μ). Here, first-principles calculations are employed to predict that, the static force f, measured by the corrugation in the sliding potential energy barrier, is lowered upon increasing the normal load applied on one layer of the recently discovered ferroelectric In2 Se3 over another commensurate layer of In2 Se3 . That is, a negative differential friction coefficient μ can be realized, which thus simultaneously breaking the classic Da Vinci-Amontons law. Such a striking and counterintuitive observation can be rationalized by the delicate interplay of the interfacial van der Waals repulsive interactions and the electrostatic energy reduction due to the enhancement of the intralayer SeIn ionic bonding via charge redistribution under load. The present findings are expected to play an instrumental role in design of high-performance solid lubricants and mechanical-electronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingge Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Rui Pang
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xing‐Ju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Jiangtao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xinlian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Wenguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesSchool of Physical SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD)Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Shunfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD)Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
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27
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Deraz R, Fath El‐Bab AMR, Abdelmoneim A, Elnaggar A. Testing new graphene oxide‐coated glazing for papyrus manuscripts in museums: Part I. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randa Deraz
- Heritage Science Program Egypt‐Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. R. Fath El‐Bab
- Mechatronics and Robotics Department, School of Innovative Design and Manufacturing Egypt‐Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Graphene Center of Excellence for Energy and Electronic Applications, Basic and Applied Sciences School Egypt‐Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt
| | - Abdelrazek Elnaggar
- Heritage Science Lab, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology Fayoum University Fayoum Egypt
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28
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Gao X, Sun H, Kang DH, Wang C, Wang QJ, Nam D. Heterostrain-enabled dynamically tunable moiré superlattice in twisted bilayer graphene. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21402. [PMID: 34725380 PMCID: PMC8560801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to precisely control moiré patterns in two-dimensional materials has enabled the realization of unprecedented physical phenomena including Mott insulators, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum emission. Along with the twist angle, the application of independent strain in each layer of stacked two-dimensional materials-termed heterostrain-has become a powerful means to manipulate the moiré potential landscapes. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated the possibility of continuously tuning the twist angle and the resulting physical properties. However, the dynamic control of heterostrain that allows the on-demand manipulation of moiré superlattices has yet to be experimentally realized. Here, by harnessing the weak interlayer van der Waals bonding in twisted bilayer graphene devices, we demonstrate the realization of dynamically tunable heterostrain of up to 1.3%. Polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of substantial heterostrain by presenting triple G peaks arising from the independently strained graphene layers. Theoretical calculations revealed that the distorted moiré patterns via heterostrain can significantly alter the electronic structure of twisted bilayer graphene, allowing the emergence of multiple absorption peaks ranging from near-infrared to visible spectral ranges. Our experimental demonstration presents a new degree of freedom towards the dynamic modulation of moiré superlattices, holding the promise to unveil unprecedented physics and applications of stacked two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dong-Ho Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Donguk Nam
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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29
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Ruan X, Shi J, Wang X, Wang WY, Fan X, Zhou F. Robust Superlubricity and Moiré Lattice's Size Dependence on Friction between Graphdiyne Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40901-40908. [PMID: 34404203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural superlubricity is a fascinating physical phenomenon that plays a significant role in many scientific and technological fields. Here, we report the robust superlubricating state achieved on the interface of relatively rotated graphdiyne (GDY) bilayers; such an interface with ultralow friction is formed at nearly arbitrary rotation angles and sustained at temperatures up to 300 K. We also identified the reverse correlation between the friction coefficient and size of the Moiré lattice formed on the surface of the incommensurate stacked GDY bilayers, particularly in a small size range. Our investigations show that the ultralow friction and the reduction of the friction coefficient with the increase in size of the Moiré lattice are closely related to the interfacial energetics and charge density as well as the atomic arrangement. Our findings enable the development of a new solid lubricant with novel superlubricating properties, which facilitate precise modulation of the friction at the interface between two incommensurate contacting crystalline surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Junqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - William Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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30
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Gao E, Wu B, Wang Y, Jia X, Ouyang W, Liu Z. Computational Prediction of Superlubric Layered Heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33600-33608. [PMID: 34213300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural superlubricity has attracted increasing interest in modern tribology. However, experimental identification of superlubric interfaces among the vast number of heterojunctions is a trial-and-error and time-consuming approach. In this work, based on the requirements on the in-plane stiffnesses of layered materials and the interfacial interactions at the sliding incommensurate interfaces of heterojunctions for structural superlubricity, we propose criteria for predicting structural superlubricity between heterojunctions. Based on these criteria, we identify 61 heterojunctions with potential superlubricity features from 208 candidates by screening the data of first-principles calculations. This work provides a universal route for accelerating the discovery of new superlubric heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Bozhao Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yelingyi Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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31
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Sgouros AP, Androulidakis C, Tsoukleri G, Kalosakas G, Delikoukos N, Signetti S, Pugno NM, Parthenios J, Galiotis C, Papagelis K. Efficient Mechanical Stress Transfer in Multilayer Graphene with a Ladder-like Architecture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4473-4484. [PMID: 33432814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report that few graphene flakes embedded into polymer matrices can be mechanically stretched to relatively large deformation (>1%) in an efficient way by adopting a particular ladder-like morphology consisting of consecutive mono-, bi-, tri-, and four-layer graphene units. In this type of flake architecture, all of the layers adhere to the surrounding polymer inducing similar deformation on the individual graphene layers, preventing interlayer sliding and optimizing the strain transfer efficiency. We have exploited Raman spectroscopy to quantify this effect from a mechanical standpoint. The finite element method and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to interpret the above experimental findings. The results suggest that a step pyramid-like architecture of a flake can be ideal for efficient loading of layered materials embedded into a polymer and that there are two prevailing mechanisms that govern axial stress transfer, namely, interfacial shear transfer and axial transmission through the ends. This concept can be easily applied to other two-dimensional materials and related van der Waals heterostructures fabricated either by mechanical exfoliation or chemical vapor deposition by appropriate patterning. This work opens new perspectives in numerous applications, including high volume fraction composites, flexible electronics, and straintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis P Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Charalampos Androulidakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Georgia Tsoukleri
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - George Kalosakas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Nikos Delikoukos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stefano Signetti
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - John Parthenios
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papagelis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
- School of Physics, Department of Solid State Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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32
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Zhao Y, Mei H, Chang P, Chen C, Cheng L, Dassios KG. Infinite Approaching Superlubricity by Three-Dimensional Printed Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:240-257. [PMID: 33356150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology opens great opportunities for the design of various multiscale lubrication structures. 3D printing allows high customization of arbitrary complex structures and rapid prototyping of objects, which provides an avenue to achieve effective lubrication. Current experimental observations on superlubricity are limited to atomically smooth clean surfaces, extreme operating conditions, and nano- or microscales. With the in-depth exploration of 3D printed lubrication, construction of multifunctional 3D structures with refined dimensions spanning from micronanoscale to macroscale is increasingly regarded as an important means to approach superlubricity and has aroused great scientific interest. To document recent advances in 3D printing for structural lubrication, a detailed literature review is provided. Emphasis is given on the design and lubrication performance of geometric and bioinspired lubrication structures with characteristic dimensions. The material requirements, merits, drawbacks, and representative applications of various 3D printing techniques are summarized. Potential future research trends aiming at the design strategy and manufacturing process of 3D printed lubrication structures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Mei
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
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33
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Wang G, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Gao E, Jia X, Dai Z, Weng C, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Out-of-Plane Deformations Determined Mechanics of Vanadium Disulfide (VS 2) Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3040-3050. [PMID: 33400503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) materials has significantly broadened the scope of 2D science in both fundamental scientific interests and emerging technological applications, wherein the mechanical properties play an indispensably key role. Nevertheless, particularly challenging is the ultrathin nature of 2D materials that makes their manipulations and characterizations considerably difficult. Herein, thanks to the excellent flexibility of vanadium disulfide (VS2) sheets, their susceptibility to out-of-plane deformation is exploited to realize the controllable loading and enable the accurate measurements of mechanical properties. In particular, the Young's modulus is estimated to be 44.4 ± 3.5 GPa, approaching the lower limit for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We further report the first measurement of thickness-dependent bending rigidity of VS2, which deviates from the prediction of the classical continuum mechanics theory. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the mechanics within two dimensions also facilitates the modulation of strain-coupled physics at the nanoscale. Our Raman measurements showed the Grüneisen parameters for VS2 were determined for the first time to be γE2g1 ≈ 0.83 and γA1g ≈ 0.32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxin Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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34
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Liu M, Li Z, Zhao X, Young RJ, Kinloch IA. Fundamental Insights into Graphene Strain Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:833-839. [PMID: 33372510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been studied extensively for use in flexible electronics as ultrasensitive and wide-area strain sensors. Many sensors demonstrated so far rely on graphene networks, such that the spatial resolution is compromised, and they are unable to measure strain variations on a fine scale such as those resulting from substrate/interface failure. In this study, mono-/few-layer graphene are demonstrated to be good candidates for strain sensing with high spatial resolution to evaluate features <100 nm. The fundamentals of strain sensing-interaction with the target-have been discussed to shed light on the sensitivity and durability for future sensor fabrication. The proof-of-concept strain sensors have been shown to be able to monitor different states, e.g., the initiation and evolution, of crazes. The analysis also leads to the evaluation of interfacial energy and realization of high local strain in graphene that is applicable for other 2D materials for ultrasensitive strain sensing and bandgap opening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Liu
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Zheling Li
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., BTR Industrial Park, Xitian, Gongming, Guangming District, 518106 Shenzhen, China
| | - Robert J Young
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute/Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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35
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Cheng Z, Sun J, Zhang B, Lu Z, Ma F, Zhang G, Xue Q. Strain Effects of Vertical Separation and Horizontal Sliding in Commensurate Two-Dimensional Homojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5815-5822. [PMID: 32614591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strain, as an economic yet controllable approach for structural modulation, frequently plays a vital role in the preparation and performance optimization of two-dimensional nanomaterials (TNMs). Here, utilizing first-principles simulations, the analysis of energetics shows that the biaxial stretching and compressing could facilitate the vertical separation and horizontal sliding in graphene (Gr/Gr), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN/h-BN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2/MoS2) bilayers. The quantification of electron redistribution between layers confirmed that the shifts of interlayer charge density (ρinter-) and its relative values (Δρinter-) are responsible for the vertical separation and horizontal sliding facilitated by biaxial strain. More effortless horizontal sliding was enabled by a smoother potential energy surface because a smaller Δρinter- can be acquired under compression, whereas more effortless vertical separation followed a more vulnerable surface energy because a lower ρinter- occurs under tensile strain. The vertical and horizontal division of strain effect provides a novel idea for further understanding its pivotal roles in strain engineering of commensurate-contact TNMs, such as mechanical exfoliation and solid lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bozhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunji Xue
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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