1
|
Du X, Jia H, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Song J. Progress of organoid platform in cardiovascular research. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:88-103. [PMID: 38962658 PMCID: PMC11220467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of death in humans. Various models are necessary for the study of cardiovascular diseases, but once cellular and animal models have some defects, such as insufficient fidelity. As a new technology, organoid has certain advantages and has been used in many applications in the study of cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to summarize the application of organoid platforms in cardiovascular diseases, including organoid construction schemes, modeling, and application of cardiovascular organoids. Advances in cardiovascular organoid research have provided many models for different cardiovascular diseases in a variety of areas, including myocardium, blood vessels, and valves. Physiological and pathological models of different diseases, drug research models, and methods for evaluating and promoting the maturation of different kinds of organ tissues are provided for various cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress in cardiovascular organ tissues, including construction protocols for cardiovascular organoid tissues and their evaluation system, different types of disease models, and applications of cardiovascular organoid models in various studies. The problems and possible solutions in organoid development are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dang Q, Zuo L, Hu X, Zhou Z, Chen S, Liu S, Ba Y, Zuo A, Xu H, Weng S, Zhang Y, Luo P, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Han X. Molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer in the era of precision oncotherapy: Current inspirations and future challenges. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70041. [PMID: 39054866 PMCID: PMC11272957 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most hackneyed malignancies. Even patients with identical clinical symptoms and the same TNM stage still exhibit radically different clinical outcomes after receiving equivalent treatment regimens, indicating extensive heterogeneity of CRC. Myriad molecular subtypes of CRC have been exploited for decades, including the most compelling consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification that has been broadly applied for patient stratification and biomarker-drug combination formulation. Encountering barriers to clinical translation, however, CMS classification fails to fully reflect inter- or intra-tumor heterogeneity of CRC. As a consequence, addressing heterogeneity and precisely managing CRC patients with unique characteristics remain arduous tasks for clinicians. REVIEW In this review, we systematically summarize molecular subtypes of CRC and further elaborate on their clinical applications, limitations, and future orientations. CONCLUSION In recent years, exploration of subtypes through cell lines, animal models, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), organoids, and clinical trials contributes to refining biological insights and unraveling subtype-specific therapies in CRC. Therapeutic interventions including nanotechnology, clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), gut microbiome, and liquid biopsy are powerful tools with the possibility to shift the immunologic landscape and outlook for CRC precise medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Lulu Zuo
- Center for Reproductive MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xinru Hu
- Department of Cardiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center for Reproductive MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shutong Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yuhao Ba
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Anning Zuo
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kowalczewski A, Sun S, Mai NY, Song Y, Hoang P, Liu X, Yang H, Ma Z. Design optimization of geometrically confined cardiac organoids enabled by machine learning techniques. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100798. [PMID: 38889687 PMCID: PMC11228370 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell organoids are powerful models for studying organ development, disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine applications. The convergence of organoid technology, tissue engineering, and artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially enhance our understanding of the design principles for organoid engineering. In this study, we utilized micropatterning techniques to create a designer library of 230 cardiac organoids with 7 geometric designs. We employed manifold learning techniques to analyze single organoid heterogeneity based on 10 physiological parameters. We clustered and refined the cardiac organoids based on their functional similarity using unsupervised machine learning approaches, thus elucidating unique functionalities associated with geometric designs. We also highlighted the critical role of calcium transient rising time in distinguishing organoids based on geometric patterns and clustering results. This integration of organoid engineering and machine learning enhances our understanding of structure-function relationships in cardiac organoids, paving the way for more controlled and optimized organoid design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shiyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nhu Y Mai
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Plansky Hoang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu X, Chen Y, Kreutz A, Silver B, Tokar EJ. Pluripotent stem cells for target organ developmental toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:163-171. [PMID: 38547390 PMCID: PMC11131012 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal developmental toxicity research focuses on understanding the potential adverse effects of environmental agents, drugs, and chemicals on the development of embryos and fetuses. Traditional methods involve animal testing, but ethical concerns and the need for human-relevant models have prompted the exploration of alternatives. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are versatile cells with the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type, serving as a foundational tool for studying human development. Two-dimensional (2D) PSC models are often chosen for their ease of use and reproducibility for high-throughput screening. However, they lack the complexity of an in vivo environment. Alternatively, three-dimensional (3D) PSC models, such as organoids, offer tissue architecture and intercellular communication more reminiscent of in vivo conditions. However, they are complicated to produce and analyze, usually requiring advanced and expensive techniques. This review discusses recent advances in the use of human PSCs differentiated into brain and heart lineages and emerging tools and methods that can be combined with PSCs to help address important scientific questions in the area of developmental toxicology. These advancements and new approach methods align with the push for more relevant and predictive developmental toxicity assessment, combining innovative techniques with organoid models to advance regulatory decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - Yichang Chen
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, USA
| | - Brian Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cong J, Wu J, Fang Y, Wang J, Kong X, Wang L, Duan Z. Application of organoid technology in the human health risk assessment of microplastics: A review of progresses and challenges. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108744. [PMID: 38761429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a global environmental issue, and increasing concern has been raised about its impact on human health. Current studies on the toxic effects and mechanisms of MPs have mostly been conducted in animal models or in vitro cell cultures, which have limitations regarding inter-species differences or stimulation of cellular functions. Organoid technology derived from human pluripotent or adult stem cells has broader prospects for predicting the potential health risks of MPs to humans. Herein, we reviewed the current application advancements and opportunities for different organoids, including brain, retinal, intestinal, liver, and lung organoids, to assess the human health risks of MPs. Organoid techniques accurately simulate the complex processes of MPs and reflect phenotypes related to diseases caused by MPs such as liver fibrosis, neurodegeneration, impaired intestinal barrier and cardiac hypertrophy. Future perspectives were also proposed for technological innovation in human risk assessment of MPs using organoids, including extending the lifespan of organoids to assess the chronic toxicity of MPs, and reconstructing multi-organ interactions to explore their potential in studying the microbiome-gut-brainaxis effect of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Tianjin Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenghua Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maharjan S, Ma C, Singh B, Kang H, Orive G, Yao J, Shrike Zhang Y. Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115237. [PMID: 38447931 PMCID: PMC11031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoid cultures offer a valuable platform for studying organ-level biology, allowing for a closer mimicry of human physiology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems or non-primate animal models. While many organoid cultures use cell aggregates or decellularized extracellular matrices as scaffolds, they often lack precise biochemical and biophysical microenvironments. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting allows precise placement of organoids or spheroids, providing enhanced spatial control and facilitating the direct fusion for the formation of large-scale functional tissues in vitro. In addition, 3D bioprinting enables fine tuning of biochemical and biophysical cues to support organoid development and maturation. With advances in the organoid technology and its potential applications across diverse research fields such as cell biology, developmental biology, disease pathology, precision medicine, drug toxicology, and tissue engineering, organoid imaging has become a crucial aspect of physiological and pathological studies. This review highlights the recent advancements in imaging technologies that have significantly contributed to organoid research. Additionally, we discuss various bioprinting techniques, emphasizing their applications in organoid bioprinting. Integrating 3D imaging tools into a bioprinting platform allows real-time visualization while facilitating quality control, optimization, and comprehensive bioprinting assessment. Similarly, combining imaging technologies with organoid bioprinting can provide valuable insights into tissue formation, maturation, functions, and therapeutic responses. This approach not only improves the reproducibility of physiologically relevant tissues but also enhances understanding of complex biological processes. Thus, careful selection of bioprinting modalities, coupled with appropriate imaging techniques, holds the potential to create a versatile platform capable of addressing existing challenges and harnessing opportunities in these rapidly evolving fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bibhor Singh
- Winthrop L. Chenery Upper Elementary School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, 01007, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen B, Du C, Wang M, Guo J, Liu X. Organoids as preclinical models of human disease: progress and applications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:129-153. [PMID: 38680680 PMCID: PMC11046574 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In the field of biomedical research, organoids represent a remarkable advancement that has the potential to revolutionize our approach to studying human diseases even before clinical trials. Organoids are essentially miniature 3D models of specific organs or tissues, enabling scientists to investigate the causes of diseases, test new drugs, and explore personalized medicine within a controlled laboratory setting. Over the past decade, organoid technology has made substantial progress, allowing researchers to create highly detailed environments that closely mimic the human body. These organoids can be generated from various sources, including pluripotent stem cells, specialized tissue cells, and tumor tissue cells. This versatility enables scientists to replicate a wide range of diseases affecting different organ systems, effectively creating disease replicas in a laboratory dish. This exciting capability has provided us with unprecedented insights into the progression of diseases and how we can develop improved treatments. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the progress made in utilizing organoids as preclinical models, aiding our understanding and providing a more effective approach to addressing various human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cijie Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma X, Wang Q, Li G, Li H, Xu S, Pang D. Cancer organoids: A platform in basic and translational research. Genes Dis 2024; 11:614-632. [PMID: 37692477 PMCID: PMC10491878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors, facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice. They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models. However, the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized. In the review, we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms, including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) for drug screening and immunological studies. Finally, the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed. This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Liu K, He H, Xiao H, Fang Z, Chen X, Li H. Innovative explorations: unveiling the potential of organoids for investigating environmental pollutant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16256-16273. [PMID: 38342830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
As the economy rapidly develops, chemicals are widely produced and used. This has exacerbated the problems associated with environmental pollution, raising the need for efficient toxicological evaluation techniques to investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of toxicity of environmental pollutants. The progress in the techniques of cell culture in three dimensions has resulted in the creation of models that are more relevant in terms of biology and physiology. This enables researchers to study organ development, toxicology, and drug screening. Adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be obtained from various mammalian tissues, including cancerous and healthy tissues. Such stem cells exhibit a significant level of tissue memory and ability to self-assemble. When cultivated in 3D in vitro environments, the resulting organoids demonstrate a remarkable capacity to recapitulate the cellular composition and function of organs in vivo. Recently, many tumors' tissue-derived organoids have been widely used in research on tumor pathogenesis, drug development, precision medicine, and other fields, including those derived from colon cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, and gastric cancer. However, the application of organoid models for evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants is still in its infancy. This review introduces the characteristics of the toxicity responses of organoid models upon exposure to pollutants from the perspectives of organoid characteristics, tissue types, and their applications in toxicology; discusses the feasibility of using organoid models in evaluating the toxicity of pollutants; and provides a reference for future toxicological studies on environmental pollutants based on organoid models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Noël ES. Cardiac construction-Recent advances in morphological and transcriptional modeling of early heart development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-156. [PMID: 38556421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
During human embryonic development the early establishment of a functional heart is vital to support the growing fetus. However, forming the embryonic heart is an extremely complex process, requiring spatiotemporally controlled cell specification and differentiation, tissue organization, and coordination of cardiac function. These complexities, in concert with the early and rapid development of the embryonic heart, mean that understanding the intricate interplay between these processes that help shape the early heart remains highly challenging. In this review I focus on recent insights from animal models that have shed new light on the earliest stages of heart development. This includes specification and organization of cardiac progenitors, cell and tissue movements that make and shape the early heart tube, and the initiation of the first beat in the developing heart. In addition I highlight relevant in vitro models that could support translation of findings from animal models to human heart development. Finally I discuss challenges that are being addressed in the field, along with future considerations that together may help move us towards a deeper understanding of how our hearts are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Noël
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sakatoku S, Hayashi Y, Futenma T, Sugita Y, Ishizaka R, Nawa H, Iohara K. Periostin Is a Candidate Regulator of the Host Microenvironment in Regeneration of Pulp and Dentin Complex and Periodontal Ligament in Transplantation with Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:7685280. [PMID: 38435089 PMCID: PMC10907099 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7685280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The microenvironment is required for tissues to maintain their properties in vivo. This microenvironment encompasses the types and three-dimensional arrangement of cells forming the tissues, and their interactions with neighboring cells and extracellular matrices, as represented by the stem cell niche. Tissue regeneration depends not on the original tissue source of the transplanted cells, but on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. We have previously reported pulp regeneration in a heterotopic root graft model by transplantation of conditioned medium alone, which suggests that host-derived cells expressing receptors for migration factors in conditioned medium migrate into the root canal and cause pulp regeneration. Regenerative medicine is needed to restore the original function of complex tissues. To achieve this, it is necessary to reproduce the changes in the microenvironment of the host tissue that accompany the regenerative response. Therefore, it is important to reproduce the microenvironment in vivo for further development of tissue regeneration therapy. Periostin is also found in the epithelial-mesenchymal junction, with expression sites that differ depending on the mineralized matrix stage, and is involved in regulation of calcification. Methods We investigate whether periostin contributes to microenvironmental changes in regenerated pulp tissue. Dental pulp stem cells were induced into dentin, and gene expression of DSPP, nestin, DMP1, Runx2, and periostin was analyzed by qPCR and protein expression by IHC. Similarly, gene expression was analyzed using qPCR and protein expression using IHC in regenerated dental pulp obtained by ectopic transplantation. Results Since these regenerated tissues were observable on the same slice, it was possible to understand changes in the microenvironment within the tissues. Conclusions Periostin promoted proliferation of pulp stem cells, migration in type I collagen, and calcification in regenerated pulp, which strongly suggests that periostin is a promising candidate as a factor that contributes to the microenvironment of regenerated pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintarou Sakatoku
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Futenma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishizaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka 7-430, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Weng H, Liu S, Li F, Xu K, Wen S, Chen X, Li C, Nie Y, Liao B, Wu J, Kantawong F, Xie X, Yu F, Li G. Embryonic exposure of polystyrene nanoplastics affects cardiac development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167406. [PMID: 37769743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics have recently been detected in human blood and placentas, indicating inevitable embryonic exposure to these particles. However, their influence on human embryogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) exposure on cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were evaluated. Uptake of PS-NPs not only caused cellular injury, but also regulated cardiac-related pathways as revealed by RNA-sequencing. Consequently, the efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation from hESCs was compromised, leading to immature of cardiomyocytes and smaller cardiac organoids with impaired contractility. Mechanistically, PS-NPs promoted mitochondrial oxidative stress, activated P38/Erk MAPK signaling pathway, blocked autophagy flux, and eventually reduced the pluripotency of hESCs. Consistently, in vivo exposure of PS-NPs from cleavage to gastrula period of zebrafish embryo led to reduced cardiac contraction and blood flow. Collectively, this study suggests that PS-NPs is a risk factor for fetal health, especially for heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fan Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology & Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Lu A, Zhuang Z, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen H, Yang X, Wang Z. Can Organoid Model Reveal a Key Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumors? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5511-5527. [PMID: 37791321 PMCID: PMC10544113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s424737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. The role of EVs in tumors has been extensively studied, and they have been shown to play a crucial role in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Past research has mainly used 2D-cultured cell line models to investigate the role of EVs in tumors, which poorly simulate the tumor microenvironment. Organoid technology has gradually matured in recent years. Organoids are similar in composition and behavior to physiological cells and have the potential to recapitulate the architecture and function of the original tissue. It has been widely used in organogenesis, drug screening, gene editing, precision medicine and other fields. The integration of EVs and organoids has the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer research and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of cancer biology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we aimed to present a comprehensive overview of studies using organoids to study EVs in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Central Transportation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Liu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haining Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Gao T, Wang B. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for anti-senescence and clinical challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:260. [PMID: 37726805 PMCID: PMC10510299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a hot topic nowadays, which shows the accumulation of senescent cells and inflammatory factors, leading to the occurrence of various senescence-related diseases. Although some methods have been identified to partly delay senescence, such as strengthening exercise, restricting diet, and some drugs, these only slow down the process of senescence and cannot fundamentally delay or even reverse senescence. Stem cell-based therapy is expected to be a potential effective way to alleviate or cure senescence-related disorders in the coming future. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most widely used cell type in treating various diseases due to their potentials of self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, paracrine action, and immunoregulatory effects. Some biological characteristics of MSCs can be well targeted at the pathological features of aging. Therefore, MSC-based therapy is also a promising strategy to combat senescence-related diseases. Here we review the recent progresses of MSC-based therapies in the research of age-related diseases and the challenges in clinical application, proving further insight and reference for broad application prospects of MSCs in effectively combating senesce in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Gao
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang Z, Pei R. Cardiac organoid: multiple construction approaches and potential applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7567-7581. [PMID: 37477533 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiac organoid (hCO) is three-dimensional tissue model that is similar to an in vivo organ and has great potential on heart development biology, disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, the construction of hCO presents a unique challenge compared with other organoids such as the lung, small intestine, pancreas, liver. Since heart disease is the dominant cause of death and the treatment of such disease is one of the most unmet medical needs worldwide, developing technologies for the construction and application of hCO is a critical task for the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the current classification and construction methods of hCO. In addition, we describe its applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we propose the limitations of the cardiac organoid and future research directions. A detailed understanding of hCO will provide ways to improve its construction and expand its applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reyat JS, di Maio A, Grygielska B, Pike J, Kemble S, Rodriguez-Romero A, Simoglou Karali C, Croft AP, Psaila B, Simões F, Rayes J, Khan AO. Modelling the pathology and treatment of cardiac fibrosis in vascularised atrial and ventricular cardiac microtissues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1156759. [PMID: 37727305 PMCID: PMC10506403 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent advances in human cardiac 3D approaches have yielded progressively more complex and physiologically relevant culture systems. However, their application in the study of complex pathological processes, such as inflammation and fibrosis, and their utility as models for drug development have been thus far limited. Methods In this work, we report the development of chamber-specific, vascularised human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissues, which allow for the multi-parametric assessment of cardiac fibrosis. Results We demonstrate the generation of a robust vascular system in the microtissues composed of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes that exhibit gene expression signatures, architectural, and electrophysiological resemblance to in vivo-derived anatomical cardiac tissues. Following pro-fibrotic stimulation using TGFβ, cardiac microtissues recapitulated hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, including myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition. A study of Ca2+ dynamics in fibrotic microtissues using optical mapping revealed prolonged Ca2+ decay, reflecting cardiomyocyte dysfunction, which is linked to the severity of fibrosis. This phenotype could be reversed by TGFβ receptor inhibition or by using the BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1. Discussion In conclusion, we present a novel methodology for the generation of chamber-specific cardiac microtissues that is highly scalable and allows for the multi-parametric assessment of cardiac remodelling and pharmacological screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet S. Reyat
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro di Maio
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Grygielska
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Pike
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romero
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Rayes
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah O. Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noh JM, Choi SC, Song MH, Kim KS, Jun S, Park JH, Kim JH, Kim K, Ko TH, Choi JI, Gim JA, Kim JH, Jang Y, Park Y, Na JE, Rhyu IJ, Lim DS. The Activation of the LIMK/Cofilin Signaling Pathway via Extracellular Matrix-Integrin Interactions Is Critical for the Generation of Mature and Vascularized Cardiac Organoids. Cells 2023; 12:2029. [PMID: 37626839 PMCID: PMC10453200 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of mature and vascularized human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hPSC-COs) is necessary to ensure the validity of drug screening and disease modeling. This study investigates the effects of cellular aggregate (CA) stemness and self-organization on the generation of mature and vascularized hPSC-COs and elucidates the mechanisms underlying cardiac organoid (CO) maturation and vascularization. COs derived from 2-day-old CAs with high stemness (H-COs) and COs derived from 5-day-old CAs with low stemness (L-COs) were generated in a self-organized microenvironment via Wnt signaling induction. This study finds that H-COs exhibit ventricular, structural, metabolic, and functional cardiomyocyte maturation and vessel networks consisting of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and basement membranes compared to L-COs. Transcriptional profiling shows the upregulation of genes associated with cardiac maturation and vessel formation in H-COs compared with the genes in L-COs. Through experiments with LIMK inhibitors, the activation of ROCK-LIMK-pCofilin via ECM-integrin interactions leads to cardiomyocyte maturation and vessel formation in H-COs. Furthermore, the LIMK/Cofilin signaling pathway induces TGFβ/NODAL and PDGF pathway activation for the maturation and vascularization of H-COs. The study demonstrates for the first time that LIMK/Cofilin axis activation plays an important role in the generation of mature and vascularized COs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Noh
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Seung-Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
- R&D Center for Companion Diagnostic, SOL Bio Corporation, Suite 510, 27, Seongsui-ro7-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04780, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hwa Song
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Kyung Seob Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Seongmin Jun
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jae Hyoung Park
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (T.H.K.); (J.-I.C.)
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (T.H.K.); (J.-I.C.)
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (Y.P.)
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.E.N.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.E.N.); (I.J.R.)
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.N.); (S.-C.C.); (M.-H.S.); (K.S.K.); (S.J.); (J.H.P.); (J.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yin Y, Xu X, Li D, Yao B, Wang H, Zhao L, Wang H, Dong J, Zhang J, Peng R. Role of Cx43 in iPSC-CM Damage Induced by Microwave Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12533. [PMID: 37628714 PMCID: PMC10454302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is one of the major organs affected by microwave radiation, and these effects have been extensively studied. Previous studies have shown that microwave-radiation-induced heart injury might be related to the abnormal expression and distribution of Cx43. In order to make the research model closer to humans, we used iPSC-CMs as the cell injury model to investigate the biological effect and mechanism of iPSC-CM injury after microwave radiation. To model the damage, iPSC-CMs were separated into four groups and exposed to single or composite S-band (2.856 GHz) and X-band (9.375 GHz) microwave radiation sources with an average power density of 30 mW/cm2. After that, FCM was used to detect cell activity, and ELISA was used to detect the contents of myocardial enzymes and injury markers in the culture medium, and it was discovered that cell activity decreased and the contents increased after radiation. TEM and SEM showed that the ultrastructure of the cell membrane, mitochondria, and ID was damaged. Mitochondrial function was aberrant, and glycolytic capacity decreased after exposure. The electrical conduction function of iPSC-CM was abnormal; the conduction velocity was decreased, and the pulsation amplitude was reduced. Wb, qRT-PCR, and IF detections showed that the expression of Cx43 was decreased and the distribution of Cx43 at the gap junction was disordered. Single or composite exposure to S- and X-band microwave radiation caused damage to the structure and function of iPSC-CMs, primarily affecting the cell membrane, mitochondria, and ID. The composite exposure group was more severely harmed than the single exposure group. These abnormalities in structure and function were related to the decreased expression and disordered distribution of Cx43.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou B, Feng Z, Xu J, Xie J. Organoids: approaches and utility in cancer research. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1783-1793. [PMID: 37365679 PMCID: PMC10406116 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures with self-organizing and self-differentiation capacities. They faithfully recapitulate structures and functions of in vivo organs as represented by functionality and microstructural definitions. Heterogeneity in in vitro disease modeling is one of the main reasons for anti-cancer therapy failures. Establishing a powerful model to represent tumor heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating tumor biology and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Tumor organoids can retain the original tumor heterogeneity and are commonly used to mimic the cancer microenvironment when co-cultured with fibroblasts and immune cells; therefore, considerable effort has been made recently to promote the use of this new technology from basic research to clinical studies in tumors. In combination with gene editing technology and microfluidic chip systems, engineered tumor organoids show promising abilities to recapitulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. In many studies, the responses of tumor organoids to various drugs have shown a positive correlation with patient responses. Owing to these consistent responses and personalized characteristics with patient data, tumor organoids show excellent potential for preclinical research. Here, we summarize the properties of different tumor models and review their current state and progress in tumor organoids. We further discuss the substantial challenges and prospects in the rapidly developing tumor organoid field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fang Z, Li P, Du F, Shang L, Li L. The role of organoids in cancer research. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:69. [PMID: 37537666 PMCID: PMC10401879 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are established through in vitro 3D culture, and they can mimic the structure and physiological functions of organs or tissues in vivo. Organoids have attracted much attention in recent years. They can provide a reliable technology platform for cancer research and treatment and are a valuable preclinical model for academic research and personalized medicine. A number of studies have confirmed that organoids have great application prospects in new drug development, drug screening, tumour mechanism research, and precision medicine. In this review, we mainly focus on recent advances in the application of organoids in cancer research. We also discussed the opportunities and challenges facing organoids, hoping to indicate directions for the development of organoids in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jingwuweiqi street, 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Digestive Tumour Translational Medicine, Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Peijuan Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengying Du
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jingwuweiqi street, 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Digestive Tumour Translational Medicine, Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jingwuweiqi street, 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Digestive Tumour Translational Medicine, Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jingwuweiqi street, 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Digestive Tumour Translational Medicine, Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cheng Z, Yang Y, Jiang K, Nie H, Yang X, Tu Z, Liang J, Xiang Y. Quantification of Cardiomyocyte Contraction In Vitro and Drug Screening by MyocytoBeats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:758-767. [PMID: 36715820 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte contractility is the crucial feature of heart function. Quantifying cardiomyocyte contraction in vitro is essential for disease phenotype characterization, mechanism illumination, and drug screening. Although many experimental methods have been employed to determine contraction dynamics in vitro, a time-saving and easy-to-use software is still needed to be developed. We presented a reliable tool, named MyocytoBeats, to measure cardiomyocyte contraction by processing recorded videos. Analysis results by MyocytoBeats of various experimental models have shown a significant linear relationship with another validated software. We also performed pharmacology screen in the platform, and astragaloside IV was identified to stabilize the frequency and amplitude of cardiomyocyte in the arrhythmia model. MyocytoBeats is a high-performance tool for generating cardiomyocyte contraction data of vitro study and shows a great potential in cardiac pharmacology study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Life and Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Life and Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Life and Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongyi Nie
- School of Mechanical Engineering and the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Life and Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zizhuo Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Life and Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Life and Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oh GC, Choi YJ, Park BW, Ban K, Park HJ. Are There Hopeful Therapeutic Strategies to Regenerate the Infarcted Hearts? Korean Circ J 2023; 53:367-386. [PMID: 37271744 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advancements in pharmacological and revascularization techniques in the late 20th century, heart failure prevalence after myocardial infarction has gradually increased over the last 2 decades. After ischemic injury, pathological remodeling results in cardiomyocytes (CMs) loss and fibrosis, which leads to impaired heart function. Unfortunately, there are no clinical therapies to regenerate CMs to date, and the adult heart's limited turnover rate of CMs hinders its ability to self-regenerate. In this review, we present novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate injured myocardium, including (1) reconstruction of cardiac niche microenvironment, (2) recruitment of functional CMs by promoting their proliferation or differentiation, and (3) organizing 3-dimensional tissue construct beyond the CMs. Additionally, we highlight recent mechanistic insights that govern these strategies and identify current challenges in translating these approaches to human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Chul Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Yang J, Zhao D, Lei W, Hu S. Promises and challenges of cardiac organoids. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:351-356. [PMID: 37016187 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are currently the main cause of death. The study of the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases is still a major challenge. Traditional 2D cultured cells and animal models have certain limitations. Heart organoids as models can simulate the structure and function of the body, providing a new research strategy. This paper mainly discusses the development of organoids and their application in the study of the cardiac developmental process, drug screening and treatment of genetic and non-genetic diseases, concluding with their strengths and weaknesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sahara M. Recent Advances in Generation of In Vitro Cardiac Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076244. [PMID: 37047216 PMCID: PMC10094119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac organoids are in vitro self-organizing and three-dimensional structures composed of multiple cardiac cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, etc.) with or without biological scaffolds. Since cardiac organoids recapitulate structural and functional characteristics of the native heart to a higher degree compared to the conventional two-dimensional culture systems, their applications, in combination with pluripotent stem cell technologies, are being widely expanded for the investigation of cardiogenesis, cardiac disease modeling, drug screening and development, and regenerative medicine. In this mini-review, recent advances in cardiac organoid technologies are summarized in chronological order, with a focus on the methodological points for each organoid formation. Further, the current limitations and the future perspectives in these promising systems are also discussed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu L, Yuhan J, Yu H, Zhang B, Huang K, Zhu L. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Remodeling Bioengineering Organoid's Microenvironment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207752. [PMID: 36929582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell- and tumor-derived organoids are the most promising models in developmental biology and disease modeling, respectively. The matrix is one of three main elements in the construction of an organoid and the most important module of its extracellular microenvironment. However, the source of the currently available commercial matrix, Matrigel, limits the application of organoids in clinical medicine. It is worth investigating whether the original decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be exploited as the matrix of organoids and improving organoid construction are very important. In this review, tissue decellularization protocols and the characteristics of decellularization methods, the mechanical support and biological cues of extraccellular matrix (ECM), methods for construction of multifunctional dECM and responsive dECM hydrogel, and the potential applications of functional dECM are summarized. In addition, some expectations are provided for dECM as the matrix of organoids in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Yuhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gu B, Li X, Yao C, Qu X, Mao M, Li D, He J. Integration of microelectrodes and highly-aligned cardiac constructs for in situ electrophysiological recording. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
27
|
Singh BN, Yucel D, Garay BI, Tolkacheva EG, Kyba M, Perlingeiro RCR, van Berlo JH, Ogle BM. Proliferation and Maturation: Janus and the Art of Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Circ Res 2023; 132:519-540. [PMID: 36795845 PMCID: PMC9943541 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
During cardiac development and morphogenesis, cardiac progenitor cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes that expand in number and size to generate the fully formed heart. Much is known about the factors that regulate initial differentiation of cardiomyocytes, and there is ongoing research to identify how these fetal and immature cardiomyocytes develop into fully functioning, mature cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that maturation limits proliferation and conversely proliferation occurs rarely in cardiomyocytes of the adult myocardium. We term this oppositional interplay the proliferation-maturation dichotomy. Here we review the factors that are involved in this interplay and discuss how a better understanding of the proliferation-maturation dichotomy could advance the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for modeling in 3-dimensional engineered cardiac tissues to obtain truly adult-level function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhairab N. Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Dogacan Yucel
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Bayardo I. Garay
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Elena G. Tolkacheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Rita C. R. Perlingeiro
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Jop H. van Berlo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M. Ogle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Human Heart Morphogenesis: A New Vision Based on In Vivo Labeling and Cell Tracking. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010165. [PMID: 36676114 PMCID: PMC9861877 DOI: 10.3390/life13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive information available on the different genetic, epigenetic, and molecular features of cardiogenesis, the origin of congenital heart defects remains unknown. Most genetic and molecular studies have been conducted outside the context of the progressive anatomical and histological changes in the embryonic heart, which is one of the reasons for the limited knowledge of the origins of congenital heart diseases. We integrated the findings of descriptive studies on human embryos and experimental studies on chick, rat, and mouse embryos. This research is based on the new dynamic concept of heart development and the existence of two heart fields. The first field corresponds to the straight heart tube, into which splanchnic mesodermal cells from the second heart field are gradually recruited. The overall aim was to create a new vision for the analysis, diagnosis, and regionalized classification of congenital defects of the heart and great arteries. In addition to highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the development of congenital heart disease, this study provides new insights into the composition of the straight heart tube, the processes of twisting and folding, and the fate of the conus in the development of the right ventricle and its outflow tract. The new vision, based on in vivo labeling and cell tracking and enhanced by models such as gastruloids and organoids, has contributed to a better understanding of important errors in cardiac morphogenesis, which may lead to several congenital heart diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ho BX, Pang JKS, Chen Y, Loh YH, An O, Yang HH, Seshachalam VP, Koh JLY, Chan WK, Ng SY, Soh BS. Robust generation of human-chambered cardiac organoids from pluripotent stem cells for improved modelling of cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:529. [PMID: 36544188 PMCID: PMC9773542 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells are valuable tools for disease modelling and to understand developmental processes. While recent progress in human cardiac organoids revealed the ability of these stem cell-derived organoids to self-organize and intrinsically formed chamber-like structure containing a central cavity, it remained unclear the processes involved that enabled such chamber formation. METHODS Chambered cardiac organoids (CCOs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (H7) were generated by modulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling under fully defined conditions, and several growth factors essential for cardiac progenitor expansion. Transcriptomic profiling of day 8, day 14 and day 21 CCOs was performed by quantitative PCR and single-cell RNA sequencing. Endothelin-1 (EDN1) known to induce oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy in CCOs in vitro. Functional characterization of cardiomyocyte contractile machinery was performed by immunofluorescence staining and analysis of brightfield and fluorescent video recordings. Quantitative PCR values between groups were compared using two-tailed Student's t tests. Cardiac organoid parameters comparison between groups was performed using two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test when sample size is small; otherwise, Welch's t test was used. Comparison of calcium kinetics parameters derived from the fluorescent data was performed using two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS Importantly, we demonstrated that a threshold number of cardiac progenitor was essential to line the circumference of the inner cavity to ensure proper formation of a chamber within the organoid. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed improved maturation over a time course, as evidenced from increased mRNA expression of cardiomyocyte maturation genes, ion channel genes and a metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid ß-oxidation. Functionally, CCOs recapitulated clinical cardiac hypertrophy by exhibiting thickened chamber walls, reduced fractional shortening, and increased myofibrillar disarray upon treatment with EDN1. Furthermore, electrophysiological assessment of calcium transients displayed tachyarrhythmic phenotype observed as a consequence of rapid depolarization occurring prior to a complete repolarization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed novel insights into the role of progenitors in CCO formation and pave the way for the robust generation of cardiac organoids, as a platform for future applications in disease modelling and drug screening in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Xuan Ho
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Omer An
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Henry He Yang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Veerabrahma Pratap Seshachalam
- grid.510300.7Computational Phenomics Group, Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138670 Singapore
| | - Judice L. Y. Koh
- grid.510300.7Computational Phenomics Group, Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138670 Singapore
| | - Woon-Khiong Chan
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore ,grid.276809.20000 0004 0636 696XNational Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Boon Seng Soh
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Extracellular Matrix-Based Approaches in Cardiac Regeneration: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415783. [PMID: 36555424 PMCID: PMC9779713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac development is characterized by the active proliferation of different cardiac cell types, in particular cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, that eventually build the beating heart. In mammals, these cells lose their regenerative potential early after birth, representing a major obstacle to our current capacity to restore the myocardial structure and function after an injury. Increasing evidence indicates that the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) actively regulates and orchestrates the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cardiac cells within the heart, and that any change in either the composition of the ECM or its mechanical properties ultimately affect the behavior of these cells throughout one's life. Thus, understanding the role of ECMs' proteins and related signaling pathways on cardiac cell proliferation is essential to develop effective strategies fostering the regeneration of a damaged heart. This review provides an overview of the components of the ECM and its mechanical properties, whose function in cardiac regeneration has been elucidated, with a major focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental models so far exploited to demonstrate the actual pro-regenerative capacity of the components of the ECM and to translate this knowledge into new therapies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Xu W, Du Y, Jia Z, Shen Y, Lin X, Wang X, Bao Y, Rao Z, Dong S, Luo Y, Cong W, Jin L, Li X. FGF4 Promotes Skin Wound Repair through p38 MAPK and GSK3β-Mediated Stabilization of Slug. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:1073-1084.e8. [PMID: 36521556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is an orderly and intricate process that restores the barrier function and integrity of injured skin. Re-epithelialization, which involves the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes to cover the denuded surface, is essential for successful wound closure. There are many members of the FGF family, of which the paracrine-acting FGF1 and FGF7 subfamily members have been identified as positive regulators of wound repair. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of some other paracrine FGFs in wound repair still remain obscure. In this report, we found that paracrine FGF4 localized predominantly to the epidermal keratinocytes and was markedly upregulated at the wound edges in response to re-epithelialization in human and mouse wound models. Blockade of FGF4 resulted in delayed re-epithelialization of human ex vivo skin wounds, whereas recombinant FGF4 treatment promoted re-epithelialization and wound repair. Mechanistically, recombinant FGF4 promotes p38 MAPK‒GSK3β‒mediated stabilization of Slug by reducing its ubiquitination, which triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes and thus wound re-epithelialization. Our findings uncover FGF4 as an important regulator of wound healing, highlighting a promising therapeutic avenue for skin injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xulan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyang Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rahimnejad M, Rasouli F, Jahangiri S, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Ramezani Farani M, Akhavan O, Asadnia M, Fatahi Y, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Hahn SK. Engineered Biomimetic Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5038-5059. [PMID: 36347501 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fariba Rasouli
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Scherba JC, Karra R, Turek JW, Bursac N. Toward improved understanding of cardiac development and congenital heart disease: The advent of cardiac organoids. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 164:2013-2018. [PMID: 35307217 PMCID: PMC9395547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human cardiac organoid systems hold significant promise for mechanistic studies of early heart morphogenesis and an improved understanding of congenital cardiac disease. During the past decade, we have witnessed remarkable progress in genome editing technology, stem cell research, and bioengineering. The fundamental basic research discoveries accelerate rapidly into clinical translation, paving the way for myocardial regeneration, better understanding of the structural heart disease, and bioengineering of heart structures and even entire hearts. The new horizon is vast and diverse, ranging from creating universal stem cell biobanking to genome edited heart xenotransplantation. Herein, a group of experts from Duke University discuss the state of the art and the possible influence of cardiac organoids on our understanding of structural heart disease. It may not be immediately clear now in what practical ways this technology will be translated into our daily work, yet the current progress in bioengineering will likely have a very significant influence on our surgical practice. Igor E. Konstantinov, MD, PhD, FRACS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Scherba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC; Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ravi Karra
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Joseph W Turek
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC; Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chung WG, Kim E, Song H, Lee J, Lee S, Lim K, Jeong I, Park JU. Recent Advances in Electrophysiological Recording Platforms for Brain and Heart Organoids. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Gi Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee SG, Kim YJ, Son MY, Oh MS, Kim J, Ryu B, Kang KR, Baek J, Chung G, Woo DH, Kim CY, Chung HM. Generation of human iPSCs derived heart organoids structurally and functionally similar to heart. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
36
|
Ergir E, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Fernandes S, Cassani M, Niro F, Pereira-Sousa D, Vrbský J, Vinarský V, Perestrelo AR, Debellis D, Vadovičová N, Uldrijan S, Cavalieri F, Pagliari S, Redl H, Ertl P, Forte G. Generation and maturation of human iPSC-derived 3D organotypic cardiac microtissues in long-term culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17409. [PMID: 36257968 PMCID: PMC9579206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide; hence there is an increasing focus on developing physiologically relevant in vitro cardiovascular tissue models suitable for studying personalized medicine and pre-clinical tests. Despite recent advances, models that reproduce both tissue complexity and maturation are still limited. We have established a scaffold-free protocol to generate multicellular, beating human cardiac microtissues in vitro from hiPSCs-namely human organotypic cardiac microtissues (hOCMTs)-that show some degree of self-organization and can be cultured for long term. This is achieved by the differentiation of hiPSC in 2D monolayer culture towards cardiovascular lineage, followed by further aggregation on low-attachment culture dishes in 3D. The generated hOCMTs contain multiple cell types that physiologically compose the heart and beat without external stimuli for more than 100 days. We have shown that 3D hOCMTs display improved cardiac specification, survival and metabolic maturation as compared to standard monolayer cardiac differentiation. We also confirmed the functionality of hOCMTs by their response to cardioactive drugs in long-term culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated that they could be used to study chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Due to showing a tendency for self-organization, cellular heterogeneity, and functionality in our 3D microtissues over extended culture time, we could also confirm these constructs as human cardiac organoids (hCOs). This study could help to develop more physiologically-relevant cardiac tissue models, and represent a powerful platform for future translational research in cardiovascular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ergir
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Cassani
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Niro
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Pereira-Sousa
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrbský
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Doriana Debellis
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Electron Microscopy Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natália Vadovičová
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Redl
- grid.454388.6Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, 1200 Vienna, Austria ,grid.511951.8Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria ,grid.511951.8Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- grid.412752.70000 0004 0608 7557Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Centre (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Studentská 812/6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Yu M, Hao K, Lei W, Tang M, Hu S. Cardiomyocyte Maturation-the Road is not Obstructed. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2966-2981. [PMID: 35788883 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent one of the most promising ways to treat cardiovascular diseases. High-purity cardiomyocytes (CM) from different cell sources could be obtained at present. However, the immature nature of these cardiomyocytes hinders its further clinical application. From immature to mature state, it involves structural, functional, and metabolic changes in cardiomyocytes. Generally, two types of culturing (2D and 3D) systems have been reported to induce cardiomyocyte maturation. 2D culture mainly achieves the maturation of cardiomyocytes through long-term culture, co-culture, supplementation of small molecule compounds, and the application of biophysical cues. The combined use of biomaterial's surface topography and biophysical cues also facilitates the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte maturation is a complex process involving many signaling pathways, and current methods fail to fully reproduce this process. Therefore, analyzing the signaling pathway network related to the maturation and producing hPSC-CMs with adult-like phenotype is a challenge. In this review, we summarized the structural and functional differences between hPSC-CMs and mature cardiomyocytes, and introduced various methods to induce cardiomyocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Kaili Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Parihar A, Pandita V, Khan R. 3D printed human organoids: High throughput system for drug screening and testing in current COVID-19 pandemic. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2669-2688. [PMID: 35765706 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the current pandemic, scenario the world is facing a huge shortage of effective drugs and other prophylactic medicine to treat patients which created havoc in several countries with poor resources. With limited demand and supply of effective drugs, researchers rushed to repurpose the existing approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. The process of drug screening and testing is very costly and requires several steps for validation and treatment efficacy evaluation ranging from in-vitro to in-vivo setups. After these steps, a clinical trial is mandatory for the evaluation of treatment efficacy and side effects in humans. These processes enhance the overall cost and sometimes the lead molecule show adverse effects in humans and the trial ends up in the final stages. Recently with the advent of 3D organoid culture which mimics the human tissue exactly the process of drug screening and testing can be done in a faster and cost-effective manner. Further 3D organoids prepared from stems cells taken from individuals can be beneficial for personalized drug therapy which could save millions of lives. This review discussed approaches and techniques for the synthesis of 3D-printed human organoids for drug screening. The key findings of the usage of organoids for personalized medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 have been discussed. In the end, the key challenges for the wide applicability of human organoids for drug screening with prospects of future orientation have been included. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India
| | - Vasundhara Pandita
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Habib Ganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tang XY, Wu S, Wang D, Chu C, Hong Y, Tao M, Hu H, Xu M, Guo X, Liu Y. Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:168. [PMID: 35610212 PMCID: PMC9127490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from healthy individuals or patients that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of human organs. The advent of human 3D organoid systems is now possible to allow remarkably detailed observation of stem cell morphogens, maintenance and differentiation resemble primary tissues, enhancing the potential to study both human physiology and developmental stage. As they are similar to their original organs and carry human genetic information, organoids derived from patient hold great promise for biomedical research and preclinical drug testing and is currently used for personalized, regenerative medicine, gene repair and transplantation therapy. In recent decades, researchers have succeeded in generating various types of organoids mimicking in vivo organs. Herein, we provide an update on current in vitro differentiation technologies of brain, retinal, kidney, liver, lung, gastrointestinal, cardiac, vascularized and multi-lineage organoids, discuss the differences between PSC- and AdSC-derived organoids, summarize the potential applications of stem cell-derived organoids systems in the laboratory and clinic, and outline the current challenges for the application of organoids, which would deepen the understanding of mechanisms of human development and enhance further utility of organoids in basic research and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Tang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdan Tao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Olmsted ZT, Paluh JL. A Combined Human Gastruloid Model of Cardiogenesis and Neurogenesis. iScience 2022; 25:104486. [PMID: 35721464 PMCID: PMC9198845 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-lineage development from gastruloids is enabling unprecedented opportunities to model and study human embryonic processes and is expected to accelerate ex vivo strategies in organ development. Reproducing human cardiogenesis with neurogenesis in a multi-lineage context remains challenging, requiring spatiotemporal input of paracrine and mechanical cues. Here we extend elongating multi-lineage organized (EMLO) gastruloids to include cardiogenesis (EMLOC) and describe interconnected neuro-cardiac lineages in a single gastruloid model. Contractile EMLOCs recapitulate numerous interlinked developmental features including heart tube formation and specialization, cardiomyocyte differentiation and remodeling phases, epicardium, ventricular wall morphogenesis, chamber-like structures and formation of a putative outflow tract. The EMLOC cardiac region, which originates anterior to gut tube primordium, is progressively populated by neurons in a spatial pattern mirroring the known distribution of neurons in the innervated human heart. This human EMLOC model represents a multi-lineage advancement for the study of coincident neurogenesis and cardiogenesis. A trunk-biased microenvironment primed for cardiogenesis Gastruloid-derived spatiotemporal features of cardiogenesis Neurogenesis coupled with neuronal population of cardiac regions Neuro-cardiac multi-lineage, multi-tissue linked developmental model
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Olmsted
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Janet L. Paluh
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Phang RJ, Ritchie RH, Hausenloy DJ, Lees JG, Lim SY. Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:668-690. [PMID: 35388880 PMCID: PMC10153440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit a distinctive cardiac phenotype known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac complications associated with T2DM include cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, which can progress to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Effective therapeutic options for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited and often have conflicting results. The lack of effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy is due in part, to our poor understanding of the disease development and progression, as well as a lack of robust and valid preclinical human models that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiology of the human heart. In addition to cardiomyocytes, the heart contains a heterogeneous population of non-myocytes including fibroblasts, vascular cells, autonomic neurons and immune cells. These cardiac non-myocytes play important roles in cardiac homeostasis and disease, yet the effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia on these cell types are often overlooked in preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides a new paradigm in which to model diabetic cardiomyopathy as they can be differentiated into all cell types in the human heart. This review will discuss the roles of cardiac non-myocytes and their dynamic intercellular interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will also discuss the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their known impacts on non-myocytes. These developments will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Phang
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim H, Kamm RD, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wu JC. Progress in multicellular human cardiac organoids for clinical applications. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:503-514. [PMID: 35395186 PMCID: PMC9352318 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in self-organizing cardiac organoids to recapitulate human cardiogenesis have provided a powerful tool for unveiling human cardiac development, studying cardiovascular diseases, testing drugs, and transplantation. Here, we highlight the recent remarkable progress on multicellular cardiac organoids and review the current status for their practical applications. We then introduce key readouts and tools for assessing cardiac organoids for clinical applications, address major challenges, and provide suggestions for each assessment method. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of cardiac organoids as miniature models of the human heart and suggest a direction for moving forward toward building the mini-heart from cardiac organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyu Kim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tani H, Tohyama S. Human Engineered Heart Tissue Models for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855763. [PMID: 35433691 PMCID: PMC9008275 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and efficient differentiation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) induced from diseased donors have the potential to recapitulate the molecular and functional features of the human heart. Although the immaturity of hiPSC-CMs, including the structure, gene expression, conduct, ion channel density, and Ca2+ kinetics, is a major challenge, various attempts to promote maturation have been effective. Three-dimensional cardiac models using hiPSC-CMs have achieved these functional and morphological maturations, and disease models using patient-specific hiPSC-CMs have furthered our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effective therapies for diseases. Aside from the mechanisms of diseases and drug responses, hiPSC-CMs also have the potential to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs in a human context before a candidate drug enters the market and many phases of clinical trials. In fact, novel drug testing paradigms have suggested that these cells can be used to better predict the proarrhythmic risk of candidate drugs. In this review, we overview the current strategies of human engineered heart tissue models with a focus on major cardiac diseases and discuss perspectives and future directions for the real application of hiPSC-CMs and human engineered heart tissue for disease modeling, drug development, clinical trials, and cardiotoxicity tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shugo Tohyama,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Harnessing the Power of Stem Cell Models to Study Shared Genetic Variants in Congenital Heart Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030460. [PMID: 35159270 PMCID: PMC8833927 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology allow one to deconstruct the human body into specific disease-relevant cell types or create functional units representing various organs. hPSC-based models present a unique opportunity for the study of co-occurring disorders where “cause and effect” can be addressed. Poor neurodevelopmental outcomes have been reported in children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). Intuitively, abnormal cardiac function or surgical intervention may stunt the developing brain, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). However, recent work has uncovered several genetic variants within genes associated with the development of both the heart and brain that could also explain this co-occurrence. Given the scalability of hPSCs, straightforward genetic modification, and established differentiation strategies, it is now possible to investigate both CHD and NDD as independent events. We will first overview the potential for shared genetics in both heart and brain development. We will then summarize methods to differentiate both cardiac & neural cells and organoids from hPSCs that represent the developmental process of the heart and forebrain. Finally, we will highlight strategies to rapidly screen several genetic variants together to uncover potential phenotypes and how therapeutic advances could be achieved by hPSC-based models.
Collapse
|
45
|
Pang JKS, Ho BX, Chan WK, Soh BS. Insights to Heart Development and Cardiac Disease Models Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived 3D Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:788955. [PMID: 34926467 PMCID: PMC8675211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical research in the recent years has achieved significant progress due to the increasing prominence of organoid technology. Various developed tissue organoids bridge the limitations of conventional 2D cell culture and animal models by recapitulating in vivo cellular complexity. Current 3D cardiac organoid cultures have shown their utility in modelling key developmental hallmarks of heart organogenesis, but the complexity of the organ demands a more versatile model that can investigate more fundamental parameters, such as structure, organization and compartmentalization of a functioning heart. This review will cover the prominence of cardiac organoids in recent research, unpack current in vitro 3D models of the developing heart and look into the prospect of developing physiologically appropriate cardiac organoids with translational applicability. In addition, we discuss some of the limitations of existing cardiac organoid models in modelling embryonic development of the heart and manifestation of cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Khiong Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
From Spheroids to Organoids: The Next Generation of Model Systems of Human Cardiac Regeneration in a Dish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413180. [PMID: 34947977 PMCID: PMC8708686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are tiny, self-organized, three-dimensional tissue cultures that are derived from the differentiation of stem cells. The growing interest in the use of organoids arises from their ability to mimic the biology and physiology of specific tissue structures in vitro. Organoids indeed represent promising systems for the in vitro modeling of tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, drug therapy testing, toxicology screening, and disease modeling. Although 2D cell cultures have been used for more than 50 years, even for their simplicity and low-cost maintenance, recent years have witnessed a steep rise in the availability of organoid model systems. Exploiting the ability of cells to re-aggregate and reconstruct the original architecture of an organ makes it possible to overcome many limitations of 2D cell culture systems. In vitro replication of the cellular micro-environment of a specific tissue leads to reproducing the molecular, biochemical, and biomechanical mechanisms that directly influence cell behavior and fate within that specific tissue. Lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have now been generated for many organs. Currently, growing cardiac organoid (cardioids) from pluripotent stem cells and cardiac stem/progenitor cells remains an open challenge due to the complexity of the spreading, differentiation, and migration of cardiac muscle and vascular layers. Here, we summarize the evolution of biological model systems from the generation of 2D spheroids to 3D organoids by focusing on the generation of cardioids based on the currently available laboratory technologies and outline their high potential for cardiovascular research.
Collapse
|
47
|
Silva AC, Matthys OB, Joy DA, Kauss MA, Natarajan V, Lai MH, Turaga D, Blair AP, Alexanian M, Bruneau BG, McDevitt TC. Co-emergence of cardiac and gut tissues promotes cardiomyocyte maturation within human iPSC-derived organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2137-2152.e6. [PMID: 34861147 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, paracrine signaling between tissues in close proximity contributes to the determination of their respective cell fate(s) and development into functional organs. Organoids are in vitro models that mimic organ formation and cellular heterogeneity, but lack the paracrine input of surrounding tissues. Here, we describe a human multilineage iPSC-derived organoid that recapitulates cooperative cardiac and gut development and maturation, with extensive cellular and structural complexity in both tissues. We demonstrate that the presence of endoderm tissue (gut/intestine) in the organoids contributed to the development of cardiac tissue features characteristic of stages after heart tube formation, including cardiomyocyte expansion, compartmentalization, enrichment of atrial/nodal cells, myocardial compaction, and fetal-like functional maturation. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability to generate and mature cooperative tissues originating from different germ lineages within a single organoid model, an advance that will further the examination of multi-tissue interactions during development, physiological maturation, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oriane B Matthys
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David A Joy
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mara A Kauss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ihara K, Sasano T. Seeking a Better Experimental Model of Atrial Fibrillation. Circ J 2021; 86:330-331. [PMID: 34629332 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miyamoto M, Nam L, Kannan S, Kwon C. Heart organoids and tissue models for modeling development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:119-128. [PMID: 33775518 PMCID: PMC8513373 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids, or miniaturized organs formed in vitro, hold potential to revolutionize how researchers approach and answer fundamental biological and pathological questions. In the context of cardiac biology, development of a bona fide cardiac organoid enables study of heart development, function, and pathogenesis in a dish, providing insight into the nature of congenital heart disease and offering the opportunity for high-throughput probing of adult heart disease and drug discovery. Recently, multiple groups have reported novel methods for generating in vitro models of the heart; however, there are substantial conceptual and methodological differences. In this review we will evaluate recent cardiac organoid studies through the lens of the core principles of organoid technology: patterned self-organization of multiple cell types resembling the in vivo organ. Based on this, we will classify systems into the following related types of tissues: developmental cardiac organoids, chamber cardiac organoids, microtissues, and engineered heart tissues. Furthermore, we highlight the interventions which allow for organoid formation, such as modulation of highly conserved cardiogenic signaling pathways mediated by developmental morphogens. We expect that consolidation and categorization of existing organoid models will help eliminate confusion in the field and facilitate progress towards creation of an ideal cardiac organoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucy Nam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lewis-Israeli YR, Volmert BD, Gabalski MA, Huang AR, Aguirre A. Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34605811 DOI: 10.3791/63097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to study human cardiac development in health and disease is highly limited by the capacity to model the complexity of the human heart in vitro. Developing more efficient organ-like platforms that can model complex in vivo phenotypes, such as organoids and organs-on-a-chip, will enhance the ability to study human heart development and disease. This paper describes a protocol to generate highly complex human heart organoids (hHOs) by self-organization using human pluripotent stem cells and stepwise developmental pathway activation using small molecule inhibitors. Embryoid bodies (EBs) are generated in a 96-well plate with round-bottom, ultra-low attachment wells, facilitating suspension culture of individualized constructs. The EBs undergo differentiation into hHOs by a three-step Wnt signaling modulation strategy, which involves an initial Wnt pathway activation to induce cardiac mesoderm fate, a second step of Wnt inhibition to create definitive cardiac lineages, and a third Wnt activation step to induce proepicardial organ tissues. These steps, carried out in a 96-well format, are highly efficient, reproducible, and produce large amounts of organoids per run. Analysis by immunofluorescence imaging from day 3 to day 11 of differentiation reveals first and second heart field specifications and highly complex tissues inside hHOs at day 15, including myocardial tissue with regions of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes, as well as internal chambers lined with endocardial tissue. The organoids also exhibit an intricate vascular network throughout the structure and an external lining of epicardial tissue. From a functional standpoint, hHOs beat robustly and present normal calcium activity as determined by Fluo-4 live imaging. Overall, this protocol constitutes a solid platform for in vitro studies in human organ-like cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan R Lewis-Israeli
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University
| | - Brett D Volmert
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University
| | - Mitchell A Gabalski
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University
| | - Amanda R Huang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University;
| |
Collapse
|