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Tariq A, Meng M, Jiang X, Bolger A, Beier S, Buchmann JP, Fernie AR, Wen W, Usadel B. In-depth exploration of the genomic diversity in tea varieties based on a newly constructed pangenome of Camellia sinensis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2096-2115. [PMID: 38872506 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, exhibits remarkable genomic diversity in its underlying flavour and health-related compounds. In this study, we present the construction and analysis of a tea pangenome comprising a total of 11 genomes, with a focus on three newly sequenced genomes comprising the purple-leaved assamica cultivar "Zijuan", the temperature-sensitive sinensis cultivar "Anjibaicha" and the wild accession "L618" whose assemblies exhibited excellent quality scores as they profited from latest sequencing technologies. Our analysis incorporates a detailed investigation of transposon complement across the tea pangenome, revealing shared patterns of transposon distribution among the studied genomes and improved transposon resolution with long read technologies, as shown by long terminal repeat (LTR) Assembly Index analysis. Furthermore, our study encompasses a gene-centric exploration of the pangenome, exploring the genomic landscape of the catechin pathway with our study, providing insights on copy number alterations and gene-centric variants, especially for Anthocyanidin synthases. We constructed a gene-centric pangenome by structurally and functionally annotating all available genomes using an identical pipeline, which both increased gene completeness and allowed for a high functional annotation rate. This improved and consistently annotated gene set will allow for a better comparison between tea genomes. We used this improved pangenome to capture the core and dispensable gene repertoire, elucidating the functional diversity present within the tea species. This pangenome resource might serve as a valuable resource for understanding the fundamental genetic basis of traits such as flavour, stress tolerance, and disease resistance, with implications for tea breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Tariq
- HHU Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Minghui Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Anthony Bolger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo Brandt-Straße, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo Brandt-Straße, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Jan P Buchmann
- HHU Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Björn Usadel
- HHU Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo Brandt-Straße, Jülich, 52425, Germany
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Zhang X, He W, Wang X, Duan Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Liao B, Zhou S, Li Y. Genome-Wide Analyses of MADS-Box Genes Reveal Their Involvement in Seed Development and Oil Accumulation of Tea-Oil Tree ( Camellia oleifera). Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:3375173. [PMID: 39105136 PMCID: PMC11300058 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3375173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Camellia oleifera produce high amount of oil, which can be broadly used in the fields of food, industry, and medicine. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of seed development and oil accumulation in C. oleifera are unclear. In this study, evolutionary and expression analyses of the MADS-box gene family were performed across the C. oleifera genome for the first time. A total of 86 MADS-box genes (ColMADS) were identified, including 60 M-type and 26 MIKC members. More gene duplication events occurred in M-type subfamily (6) than that in MIKC subfamily (2), and SEP-like genes were lost from the MIKCC clade. Furthermore, 8, 15, and 17 differentially expressed ColMADS genes (DEGs) were detected between three developmental stages of seed (S1/S2, S2/S3, and S1/S3), respectively. Among these DEGs, the STK-like ColMADS12 and TT16-like ColMADS17 were highly expressed during the seed formation (S1 and S2), agreeing with their predicted functions to positively regulate the seed organogenesis and oil accumulation. While ColMADS57 and ColMADS07 showed increasing expression level with the seed maturation (S2 and S3), conforming to their potential roles in promoting the seed ripening. In all, these results revealed a critical role of MADS-box genes in the C. oleifera seed development and oil accumulation, which will contribute to the future molecular breeding of C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Heyuan Branch CenterGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517500, China
| | - Wenliang He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongliang Duan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Mechanic and Electronic EngineeringZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qingbin Jiang
- Research Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Boyong Liao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Jia X, Lin S, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Hong L, Li M, Zhang S, Wang T, Jia M, Luo Y, Ye J, Wang H. The Ability of Different Tea Tree Germplasm Resources in South China to Aggregate Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic Fungi Affects Tea Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2029. [PMID: 39124147 PMCID: PMC11314174 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the quality differences in plant germplasm resources are genetically determined, and that only a good "pedigree" can have good quality. Ecological memory of plants and rhizosphere soil fungi provides a new perspective to understand this phenomenon. Here, we selected 45 tea tree germplasm resources and analyzed the rhizosphere soil fungi, nutrient content and tea quality. We found that the ecological memory of tea trees for soil fungi led to the recruitment and aggregation of dominant fungal populations that were similar across tea tree varieties, differing only in the number of fungi. We performed continuous simulation and validation to identify four characteristic fungal genera that determined the quality differences. Further analysis showed that the greater the recruitment and aggregation of Saitozyma and Archaeorhizomyces by tea trees, the greater the rejection of Chaetomium and Trechispora, the higher the available nutrient content in the soil and the better the tea quality. In summary, our study presents a new perspective, showing that ecological memory between tea trees and rhizosphere soil fungi leads to differences in plants' ability to recruit and aggregate characteristic fungi, which is one of the most important determinants of tea quality. The artificial inoculation of rhizosphere fungi may reconstruct the ecological memory of tea trees and substantially improve their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei Hong
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Miao Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Yangxin Luo
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
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Wang X, Xiong Y, Tang X, Zhang T, Ma W, Wang Y, Li C. Genome-Wide Identification of the PIP5K Gene Family in Camellia sinensis and Their Roles in Metabolic Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:932. [PMID: 39062711 PMCID: PMC11275303 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spider mite infestation has a severe impact on tea growth and quality. In this study, we conducted a deep exploration of the functions and regulations of the CsPIP5K gene family using chromosomal localization and collinearity analysis. Additionally, we carefully examined the cis elements within these genes. To fully understand the metabolic response of CsPIP5K under spider mite infection, we integrated previously published metabolomic and transcriptomic data. Our analysis revealed that multiple CsPIP5K genes are associated with phospholipid metabolism, with CsPIP5K06 showing the strongest correlation. Therefore, we employed qPCR and subcellular localization techniques to determine the expression pattern of this gene and its functional location within the cell. Overall, this study not only comprehensively elucidated the characteristics, structure, and evolution of the CsPIP5K gene family but also identified several candidate CsPIP5K genes related to phospholipid biosynthesis and associated with spider mites based on previously published data. This research makes a significant contribution to enhancing the resistance of tea to spider mite and maintaining optimal tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (Y.X.); (X.T.); (T.Z.); (W.M.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
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5
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Tong W, Wang Y, Li F, Zhai F, Su J, Wu D, Yi L, Gao Q, Wu Q, Xia E. Genomic variation of 363 diverse tea accessions unveils the genetic diversity, domestication, and structural variations associated with tea adaptation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38990113 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Domestication has shaped the population structure and agronomic traits of tea plants, yet the complexity of tea population structure and genetic variation that determines these traits remains unclear. We here investigated the resequencing data of 363 diverse tea accessions collected extensively from almost all tea distributions and found that the population structure of tea plants was divided into eight subgroups, which were basically consistent with their geographical distributions. The genetic diversity of tea plants in China decreased from southwest to east as latitude increased. Results also indicated that Camellia sinensis var. assamica (CSA) illustrated divergent selection signatures with Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS). The domesticated genes of CSA were mainly involved in leaf development, flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis, while the domesticated genes in CSS mainly participated in amino acid metabolism, aroma compounds biosynthesis, and cold stress. Comparative population genomics further identified ~730 Mb novel sequences, generating 6,058 full-length protein-encoding genes, significantly expanding the gene pool of tea plants. We also discovered 217,376 large-scale structural variations and 56,583 presence and absence variations (PAVs) across diverse tea accessions, some of which were associated with tea quality and stress resistance. Functional experiments demonstrated that two PAV genes (CSS0049975 and CSS0006599) were likely to drive trait diversification in cold tolerance between CSA and CSS tea plants. The overall findings not only revealed the genetic diversity and domestication of tea plants, but also underscored the vital role of structural variations in the diversification of tea plant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Didi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lianghui Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Jia X, Lin S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Jia M, Li M, Chen Y, Cheng P, Hong L, Zhang Y, Ye J, Wang H. Recruitment and Aggregation Capacity of Tea Trees to Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic Bacteria Affects the Quality of Tea Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1686. [PMID: 38931118 PMCID: PMC11207862 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There are obvious differences in quality between different varieties of the same plant, and it is not clear whether they can be effectively distinguished from each other from a bacterial point of view. In this study, 44 tea tree varieties (Camellia sinensis) were used to analyze the rhizosphere soil bacterial community using high-throughput sequencing technology, and five types of machine deep learning were used for modeling to obtain characteristic microorganisms that can effectively differentiate different varieties, and validation was performed. The relationship between characteristic microorganisms, soil nutrient transformation, and tea quality formation was further analyzed. It was found that 44 tea tree varieties were classified into two groups (group A and group B) and the characteristic bacteria that distinguished them came from 23 genera. Secondly, the content of rhizosphere soil available nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) and tea quality indexes (tea polyphenols, theanine, and caffeine) was significantly higher in group A than in group B. The classification result based on both was consistent with the above bacteria. This study provides a new insight and research methodology into the main reasons for the formation of quality differences among different varieties of the same plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Miao Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Lei Hong
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
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Li Q, Zhang X, Zhao P, Chen Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metal tolerance protein CsMTP4 has dual functions in maintaining zinc homeostasis in tea plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134308. [PMID: 38631255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of zinc (Zn) homeostasis mechanisms to cope with the fluctuating Zn in the environment. How Zn is taken up, translocated and tolerate by tea plant remains unknown. In this study, on the basis of RNA-Sequencing, we isolated a plasma membrane-localized Metal Tolerance Protein (MTP) family member CsMTP4 from Zn-deficient tea plant roots and investigated its role in regulation of Zn homeostasis in tea plant. Heterologous expression of CsMTP4 specifically enhanced the tolerance of transgenic yeast to Zn excess. Moreover, overexpression of CsMTP4 in tea plant hairy roots stimulated Zn uptake under Zn deficiency. In addition, CsMTP4 promoted the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by translocating Zn from roots to shoots under Zn deficiency and conferred the tolerance to Zn excess by enhancing the efflux of Zn from root cells. Transcriptome analysis of the CsMTP4 transgenic Arabidopsis found that the expression of Zn metabolism-related genes were differentially regulated compared with wild-type plants when exposed to Zn deficiency and excess conditions. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of Zn uptake and translocation in plants and a new strategy to improve phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Peiling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mingle Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Li JW, Zhou P, Hu ZH, Teng RM, Wang YX, Li T, Xiong AS, Li XH, Chen X, Zhuang J. CsPAT1, a GRAS transcription factor, promotes lignin accumulation by antagonistic interacting with CsWRKY13 in tea plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1312-1326. [PMID: 38319894 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is an important component of plant cell walls and plays crucial roles in the essential agronomic traits of tea quality and tenderness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in tea plants remain unclear. CsWRKY13 acts as a negative regulator of lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. In this study, we identified a GRAS transcription factor, phytochrome A signal transduction 1 (CsPAT1), that interacts with CsWRKY13. Silencing CsPAT1 expression in tea plants and heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis demonstrated that CsPAT1 positively regulates lignin accumulation. Further investigation revealed that CsWRKY13 directly binds to the promoters of CsPAL and CsC4H and suppresses transcription of CsPAL and CsC4H. CsPAT1 indirectly affects the promoter activities of CsPAL and CsC4H by interacting with CsWRKY13, thereby facilitating lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. Compared with the expression of CsWRKY13 alone, the co-expression of CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13 in Oryza sativa significantly increased lignin biosynthesis. Conversely, compared with the expression of CsPAT1 alone, the co-expression of CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13 in O. sativa significantly reduced lignin accumulation. These results demonstrated the antagonistic regulation of the lignin biosynthesis pathway by CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13. These findings improve our understanding of lignin biosynthesis mechanisms in tea plants and provide insights into the role of the GRAS transcription factor family in lignin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xin Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Z, Ye F, Hu K, Luo T, Miao Z. New insights into evolution and functional diversification of Camellia sinensis LRR-RLKs. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:851-866. [PMID: 38846461 PMCID: PMC11150215 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) represent the largest subgroup of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in plants. While some LRR-RLK members play a role in regulating various plant growth processes related to morphogenesis, disease resistance, and stress response, the functions of most LRR-RLK genes remain unclear. In this study, we identified 397 LRR-RLK genes from the genome of Camellia sinensis and categorized them into 16 subfamilies. Approximately 62% of CsLRR-RLK genes are situated in regions resulting from segmental duplications, suggesting that the expansion of CsLRR-RLK genes is due to segmental duplications. Analysis of gene expression patterns revealed differential expression of CsLRR-RLK genes across different tissues and in response to stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CssEMS1 localizes to the cell membrane and can complement Arabidopsis ems1 mutant. This study is the initial in-depth evolutionary examination of LRR-RLKs in tea and provides a basis for future investigations into their functionality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01458-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan China
| | - Kuanru Hu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan China
| | - Tian Luo
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan China
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Qiao D, Yang C, Mi X, Tang M, Liang S, Chen Z. Genome-wide identification of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) BAHD acyltransferases reveals their role in response to herbivorous pests. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38561653 PMCID: PMC10985903 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BAHD acyltransferases are among the largest metabolic protein domain families in the genomes of terrestrial plants and play important roles in plant growth and development, aroma formation, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Little is known about the BAHDs in the tea plant, a cash crop rich in secondary metabolites. RESULTS In this study, 112 BAHD genes (CsBAHD01-CsBAHD112) were identified from the tea plant genome, with 85% (98/112) unevenly distributed across the 15 chromosomes. The number of BAHD gene family members has significantly expanded from wild tea plants to the assamica type to the sinensis type. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into seven subgroups. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed that they contain a large number of light, phytohormones, and stress-responsive elements. Many members displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. CsBAHD05 was expressed at more than 500-fold higher levels in purple tea leaves than in green tea leaves. The genes exhibiting the most significant response to MeJA treatment and feeding by herbivorous pests were primarily concentrated in subgroups 5 and 6. The expression of 23 members of these two subgroups at different time points after feeding by tea green leafhoppers and tea geometrids was examined via qPCR, and the results revealed that the expression of CsBAHD93, CsBAHD94 and CsBAHD95 was significantly induced after the tea plants were subjected to feeding by both pricking and chewing pests. Moreover, based on the transcriptome data for tea plants being fed on by these two pests, a transcriptional regulatory network of different transcription factor genes coexpressed with these 23 members was constructed. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the role of BAHDs in the defense response of tea plants, and will facilitate in-depth studies of the molecular function of BAHDs in resistance to herbivorous pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahe Qiao
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Sihui Liang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
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11
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Qiu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Ren Y, Gao D, Zhu X, Usadel B, Fernie AR, Wen W. Depicting the genetic and metabolic panorama of chemical diversity in the tea plant. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1001-1016. [PMID: 38048231 PMCID: PMC10955498 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
As a frequently consumed beverage worldwide, tea is rich in naturally important bioactive metabolites. Combining genetic, metabolomic and biochemical methodologies, here, we present a comprehensive study to dissect the chemical diversity in tea plant. A total of 2837 metabolites were identified at high-resolution with 1098 of them being structurally annotated and 63 of them were structurally identified. Metabolite-based genome-wide association mapping identified 6199 and 7823 metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) for 971 and 1254 compounds in young leaves (YL) and the third leaves (TL), respectively. The major mQTL (i.e., P < 1.05 × 10-5, and phenotypic variation explained (PVE) > 25%) were further interrogated. Through extensive annotation of the tea metabolome as well as network-based analysis, this study broadens the understanding of tea metabolism and lays a solid foundation for revealing the natural variations in the chemical composition of the tea plant. Interestingly, we found that galloylations, rather than hydroxylations or glycosylations, were the largest class of conversions within the tea metabolome. The prevalence of galloylations in tea is unusual, as hydroxylations and glycosylations are typically the most prominent conversions of plant specialized metabolism. The biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids, which are one of the most featured metabolites in tea plant, was further refined with the identified metabolites. And we demonstrated the further mining and interpretation of our GWAS results by verifying two identified mQTL (including functional candidate genes CsUGTa, CsUGTb, and CsCCoAOMT) and completing the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiji Qiu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and HealthHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdivBulgaria
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yujia Ren
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dawei Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Thermo Fisher ScientificShanghaiChina
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
- Institute for Biological Data ScienceHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdivBulgaria
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and HealthHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
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12
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Zhou C, Yang N, Tian C, Wen S, Zhang C, Zheng A, Hu X, Fang J, Zhang Z, Lai Z, Lin Y, Guo Y. The miR166 targets CsHDZ3 genes to negatively regulate drought tolerance in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130735. [PMID: 38471611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the stressor with a significant adverse impact on the yield stability of tea plants. HD-ZIP III transcription factors (TFs) play important regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, whether and how HD-ZIP III TFs are involved in drought response and tolerance in tea plants remains unclear. Here, we identified seven HD-ZIP III genes (CsHDZ3-1 to CsHDZ3-7) in tea plant genome. The evolutionary analysis demonstrated that CsHDZ3 members were subjected to purify selection. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all seven CsHDZ3s located in the nucleus. Yeast self-activation and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CsHDZ3-1 to CsHDZ3-4 have trans-activation ability whereas CsHDZ3-5 to CsHDZ3-7 served as transcriptional inhibitors. The qRT-PCR assay showed that all seven CsHDZ3 genes could respond to simulated natural drought stress and polyethylene glycol treatment. Further assays verified that all CsHDZ3 genes can be cleaved by csn-miR166. Overexpression of csn-miR166 inhibited the expression of seven CsHDZ3 genes and weakened drought tolerance of tea leaves. In contrast, suppression of csn-miR166 promoted the expression of seven CsHDZ3 genes and enhanced drought tolerance of tea leaves. These findings established the foundation for further understanding the mechanism of CsHDZ3-miR166 modules' participation in drought responses and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Zhou
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Niannian Yang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caiyun Tian
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengjing Wen
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Anru Zheng
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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13
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Li MM, Meegahakumbura MK, Wambulwa MC, Burgess KS, Möller M, Shen ZF, Li DZ, Gao LM. Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica). PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:229-237. [PMID: 38807909 PMCID: PMC11128837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Chinese Assam tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan, China. Despite its potential value as a genetic resource, its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear. To address this issue, we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C. sinensis var. assamica populations, plus two of its wild relatives (six and three populations of C. taliensis and C. crassicolumna, respectively) using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci. Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high, but comparatively lower gene diversity (HS = 0.638) than the wild relative C. crassicolumna (HS = 0.658). Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups, with considerable interspecific introgression. The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools, corresponding well with their geographic distribution. However, NewHybrids analysis indicated that 68.48% of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools. In addition, 10% of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C. taliensis. Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools (Puer, Lincang and Xishuangbanna) in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process. Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex, our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Muditha K. Meegahakumbura
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Moses C. Wambulwa
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Computing, South Eastern Kenya University, 170-90200, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of Biology, Columbus State University, University System of Georgia, Columbus, GA, 31907-5645, USA
| | - Michael Möller
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK
| | - Zong-Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, 674100, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, 674100, Yunnan, China
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14
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Wang L, Qian Y, Wu L, Wei K, Wang L. The MADS-box transcription factor CsAGL9 plays essential roles in seed setting in Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108301. [PMID: 38232497 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The number of seed setting (NSS) is an important biological trait that affects tea propagation and yield. In this study, the NSS of an F1 tea population (n = 324) generated via a cross between 'Longjing 43' and 'Baihaozao' was investigated at two locations in two consecutive years. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the NSS was performed, and 10 major QTLs were identified. In total, 318 genes were found in these 10 QTLs intervals, and 11 key candidate genes were preliminarily identified. Among them, the MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS LIKE 9 (CsAGL9, CSS0037962) located in the most stable QTL (qNSS2) was identified as a key gene affecting the NSS. CsAGL9 overexpression in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering and significantly decreased the length and number of pods and number of seeds per pod. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the auxin pathway, a key hormone pathway regulating plant reproduction, was highly affected in the transgenic lines. The auxin pathway was likewise the most prominent in the gene co-expression network study of CsAGL9 in tea plants. In summary, we identified CsAGL9 is essential for seed setting using QTL mapping integrated with RNA-seq, which shed a new light on the mechanism NSS of seed setting in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yinhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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15
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Fan YG, Zhao TT, Xiang QZ, Han XY, Yang SS, Zhang LX, Ren LJ. Multi-Omics Research Accelerates the Clarification of the Formation Mechanism and the Influence of Leaf Color Variation in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38337959 PMCID: PMC10857240 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tea is a popular beverage with characteristic functional and flavor qualities, known to be rich in bioactive metabolites such as tea polyphenols and theanine. Recently, tea varieties with variations in leaf color have been widely used in agriculture production due to their potential advantages in terms of tea quality. Numerous studies have used genome, transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, and lipidome methods to uncover the causes of leaf color variations and investigate their impacts on the accumulation of crucial bioactive metabolites in tea plants. Through a comprehensive review of various omics investigations, we note that decreased expression levels of critical genes in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, activated chlorophyll degradation, and an impaired photosynthetic chain function are related to the chlorina phenotype in tea plants. For purple-leaf tea, increased expression levels of late biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway and anthocyanin transport genes are the major and common causes of purple coloration. We have also summarized the influence of leaf color variation on amino acid, polyphenol, and lipid contents and put forward possible causes of these metabolic changes. Finally, this review further proposes the research demands in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gen Fan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Qin-Zeng Xiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Xiao-Yang Han
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Shu-Sen Yang
- Yipinming Tea Planting Farmers Specialized Cooperative, Longnan 746400, China;
| | - Li-Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Li-Jun Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
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16
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Gao Q, Tong W, Li F, Wang Y, Wu Q, Wan X, Xia E. TPIA2: an updated tea plant information archive for Camellia genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1661-D1667. [PMID: 37650644 PMCID: PMC10767884 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Camellia consists of about 200 species, which include many economically important species widely used for making tea, ornamental flowers and edible oil. Here, we present an updated tea plant information archive for Camellia genomics (TPIA2; http://tpia.teaplants.cn) by integrating more novel large-scale genomic, transcriptomic, metabolic and genetic variation datasets as well as a variety of useful tools. Specifically, TPIA2 hosts all currently available and well assembled 10 Camellia genomes and their comprehensive annotations from three major sections of Camellia. A collection of 15 million SNPs and 950 950 small indels from large-scale genome resequencing of 350 diverse tea accessions were newly incorporated, followed by the implementation of a novel 'Variation' module to facilitate data retrieval and analysis of the functionally annotated variome. Moreover, 116 Camellia transcriptomes were newly assembled and added, leading to a significant extension of expression profiles of Camellia genes to 13 developmental stages and eight abiotic/biotic treatments. An updated 'Expression' function has also been implemented to provide a comprehensive gene expression atlas for Camellia. Two novel analytic tools (e.g. Gene ID Convert and Population Genetic Analysis) were specifically designed to facilitate the data exchange and population genomics in Camellia. Collectively, TPIA2 provides diverse updated valuable genomic resources and powerful functions, and will continue to be an important gateway for functional genomics and population genetic studies in Camellia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Tea Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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17
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Che X, Zhang Y, Wu A, Pan X, Wang M, Yang J, Wang X. Expansion and contraction of lake basin shape the genetic structure of Sinocyclocheilus (Osteichthyes: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) populations in Central Yunnan, China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10840. [PMID: 38250223 PMCID: PMC10797211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Geological events can strongly affect the genetic structures and differentiation of fish populations. Especially, as an endemic fish of the genus Sinocyclocheilus in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the effects of key geological events on the distributions and genetic structures remain poorly understood. Examining the phylogeographic patterns of Sinocyclocheilus fishes can be useful for elucidating the spatio-temporal dynamics of their population size, dispersal history and extent of geographical isolation, thereby providing a theoretical basis for their protection. Here, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) method to investigate the phylogeographic patterns of Sinocyclocheilus fishes. Our analysis supports the endemicity of Sinocyclocheilus, but the samples of different regions of Sinocyclocheilus contain multiple ancestral components, which displayed more admixed and diversified genetic components, this may be due to the polymorphism of the ancestors themselves, or gene infiltration caused by hybridization between adjacent species of Sinocyclocheilus. We estimate that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Sinocyclocheilus fish in the Central Yunnan Basin at approximately 3.75~3.11 Ma, and infer that the evolution of Sinocyclocheilus in the central Yunnan Basin is closely related to the formation of plateau lakes (around 4.0~0.02 Ma), and identifies the formation of Dianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake as key geological events shaping Sinocyclocheilus population structure. It is also the first time to prove that the altitude change has a great influence on the genetic variation among the populations of Sinocyclocheilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Jin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish BreedingYunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau‐Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuan‐Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish BreedingYunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau‐Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - An‐Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish BreedingYunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau‐Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xiao‐Fu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish BreedingYunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau‐Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Mo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Faculty of Biodiversity ConservationSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jun‐Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish BreedingYunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau‐Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish BreedingYunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau‐Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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18
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Wang T, Li RY, Liu KY, Chen QY, Bo NG, Wang Q, Xiao YQ, Sha G, Chen SQ, Lei X, Lu Y, Ma Y, Zhao M. Changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during fermentation of ancient plants Pu-erh tea. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101003. [PMID: 38144832 PMCID: PMC10739768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
"Ancient tea plants" are defined as tea trees > 100 years old, or with a trunk diameter > 25 cm; their leaves are manufactured to high - quality, valuable ancient plants pu-erh tea (APPT). In this study, a fermentation of APPT were developed, and outstanding sweetness of APPT infusion was observed. During fermentation, the content of soluble sugars, theabrownins (p < 0.05), as well as 41 metabolites were increased [Variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0; p < 0.05 and Fold-change (FC) FC > 2]; While relative levels of 72 metabolites were decreased (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05 and FC < 0.5. Staphylococcus, Achromobacter, Sphingomonas, Thermomyces, Rasamsonia, Blastobotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were identified as dominant genera, and their relative levels were correlated with contents of characteristic components (p < 0.05). Together, changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during APPT fermentation were investigated, and advanced the formation mechanism of its unique quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ruo-yu Li
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Kun-yi Liu
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering & College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644003, China
| | - Qiu-yue Chen
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Nian-guo Bo
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yan-qin Xiao
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Gen Sha
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Si-qin Chen
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xin Lei
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Menghai Dazhuo Tea Co., Ltd., Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666100, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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19
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Jiang L, Xie S, Zhou C, Tian C, Zhu C, You X, Chen C, Lai Z, Guo Y. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Tea Plant Germplasm in Fujian Province Based on Restriction Site-Associated DNA Sequencing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:100. [PMID: 38202408 PMCID: PMC10780744 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Fujian province, an important tea-producing area in China, has abundant tea cultivars. To investigate the genetic relationships of tea plant cultivars in Fujian province and the characteristics of the tea plant varieties, a total of 70 tea cultivars from Fujian and other 12 provinces in China were subjected to restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). A total of 60,258,975 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were obtained. These 70 tea plant cultivars were divided into three groups based on analyzing the phylogenetic tree, principal component, and population structure. Selection pressure analysis indicated that nucleotide diversity was high in Southern China and genetically distinct from cultivars of Fujian tea plant cultivars, according to selection pressure analysis. The selected genes have significant enrichment in pathways associated with metabolism, photosynthesis, and respiration. There were ten characteristic volatiles screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical methods, among which the differences in the contents of methyl salicylate, 3-carene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-4-hexen-1-ol, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde can be used as reference indicators of the geographical distribution of tea plants. Furthermore, a metabolome genome-wide association study (mGWAS) revealed that 438 candidate genes were related to the aroma metabolic pathway. Further analysis showed that 31 genes of all the selected genes were screened and revealed the reasons for the genetic differences in aroma among tea plant cultivars in Fujian and Southern China. These results reveal the genetic diversity in the Fujian tea plants as well as a theoretical basis for the conservation, development, and utilization of the Fujian highly aromatic tea plant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.J.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Siyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.J.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (Z.L.)
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caiyun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.J.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Xiaomei You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.J.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (Z.L.)
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.J.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (Z.L.)
- Anxi College of Tea Science (College of Digital Economy), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou 362400, China
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20
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Chai K, Chen S, Wang P, Kong W, Ma X, Zhang X. Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of Volatile Terpenoid Formation in Oolong Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19888-19899. [PMID: 38048088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Oolong tea has gained great popularity in China due to its pleasant floral and fruity aromas. Although numerous studies have investigated the aroma differences across various tea cultivars, the genetic mechanism is unclear. This study performed multiomics analysis of three varieties suitable for oolong tea and three others with different processing suitability. Our analysis revealed that oolong tea varieties contained higher levels of cadinane sesquiterpenoids. PanTFBS was developed to identify variants of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). We found that the CsDCS gene had two TFBS variants in the promoter sequence and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding sequence. Integrating data on genetic variations, gene expression, and protein-binding sites indicated that CsDCS might be a pivotal gene involved in the biosynthesis of cadinane sesquiterpenoids. These findings advance our understanding of the genetic factors involved in the aroma formation of oolong tea and offer insights into the enhancement of tea aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chai
- College of Life Science, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weilong Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- College of Life Science, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
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21
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Wang X, Xiang Y, Sun M, Xiong Y, Li C, Zhang T, Ma W, Wang Y, Liu X. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals keys genes and metabolic pathways in tea (Camellia sinensis) against six-spotted spider mite (Eotetranychus Sexmaculatus). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:638. [PMID: 38072959 PMCID: PMC10712147 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Six-spotted spider mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) is one of the most damaging pests of tea (Camellia sinensis). E. sexmaculatus causes great economic loss and affects tea quality adversely. In response to pests, such as spider mites, tea plants have evolved resistance mechanisms, such as expression of defense-related genes and defense-related metabolites. RESULTS To evaluate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of resistance in C. sinensis against spider mites, "Tianfu-5" (resistant to E. sexmaculatus) and "Fuding Dabai" (susceptible to E. sexmaculatus) were inoculated with spider mites. Transcriptomics and metabolomics based on RNA-Seq and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology were used to analyze changes in gene expression and metabolite content, respectively. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed that 246 to 3,986 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in multiple compared groups, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in various pathways, such as phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling, and plant hormone signaling. Additionally, the metabolome data detected 2,220 metabolites, with 194 to 260 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) identified in multiple compared groups, including phenylalanine, lignin, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. The combined analysis of RNA-Seq and metabolomic data indicated that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, and Ca2+-mediated PR-1 signaling pathways may contribute to spider mite resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights for identifying insect-induced genes and metabolites and form a basis for studies on mechanisms of host defense against spider mites in C. sinensis. The candidate genes and metabolites identified will be a valuable resource for tea breeding in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yunjia Xiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Minshan Sun
- Henan Assist Research Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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22
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Jiao W, Zhu L, Li QX, Shi T, Zhang Z, Wu X, Yang T, Hua R, Cao H. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) from Weeds through Weed-Soil-Tea Transfer and Risk Assessment of Tea Intake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19045-19053. [PMID: 37982559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have been detected in tea and can threaten human health. However, the specific source of PAs in tea is still unclear. Here, 88 dried tea products collected from six major tea-producing areas in Anhui Province, China, were analyzed. The detection frequency was 76%. The content of total PAs in dried tea was between 1.1 and 90.5 μg/kg, which was all below the MRL recommended by the European Union (150 μg/kg). In the Shexian tea garden, PAs in the weeds and weed rhizospheric soil around tea plants and the fresh tea leaves were analyzed. Intermedine (Im), intermedine-N-oxide (ImNO), and jacobine-N-oxide (JbNO) were transferred through the weed-to-soil-to-tea route into the fresh tea leaves; only Im and ImNO were detected in dried tea samples. Potential risk of the total PAs in the tea infusion was assessed according to the margin of exposure method, and it might be a low concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Taozhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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23
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Chen S, Wang P, Kong W, Chai K, Zhang S, Yu J, Wang Y, Jiang M, Lei W, Chen X, Wang W, Gao Y, Qu S, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Gu M, Fang K, Ma C, Sun W, Ye N, Wu H, Zhang X. Gene mining and genomics-assisted breeding empowered by the pangenome of tea plant Camellia sinensis. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1986-1999. [PMID: 38012346 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the world's oldest crops and is cultivated to produce beverages with various flavours. Despite advances in sequencing technologies, the genetic mechanisms underlying key agronomic traits of tea remain unclear. In this study, we present a high-quality pangenome of 22 elite cultivars, representing broad genetic diversity in the species. Our analysis reveals that a recent long terminal repeat burst contributed nearly 20% of gene copies, introducing functional genetic variants that affect phenotypes such as leaf colour. Our graphical pangenome improves the efficiency of genome-wide association studies and allows the identification of key genes controlling bud flush timing. We also identified strong correlations between allelic variants and flavour-related chemistries. These findings deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of tea quality and provide valuable genomic resources to facilitate its genomics-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weilong Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Chai
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengwei Jiang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lei
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenyang Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengya Gu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaixing Fang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hualing Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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24
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Zhang K, Feng X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Hao X, Li D, Wang X, Wang L. Integrative transcriptome and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analyses of a temperature-sensitive albino tea plant cultivar. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14064. [PMID: 38148243 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Green tea made from albino buds and leaves has a strong umami taste and aroma. The cultivar 'Zhonghuang 2' (ZH2, Camellia sinensis) is a natural mutant with young shoots that are yellow in spring and green or yellow-green in summer. However, the mechanism of leaf color change remains unclear. Here, we found that young shoots of ZH2 were yellow at low temperature (LT) and green at high temperature (HT), indicating that ZH2 is a temperature-sensitive cultivar. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the grana in the chloroplasts of young shoots grown at LT were poorly stacked, which caused a lack of photoreactions and chlorophyll. RNA-seq results showed 1279 genes differentially expressed in the young shoots grown at LT compared with those at HT, including genes related to cytochrome synthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and DNA methylation. A whole-genome bisulfite sequencing assay revealed that the dynamics of DNA methylation levels in the CG, CHG, and CHH contexts decreased under LT, and the change was most obvious in the CHH context. Furthermore, 72 genes showed significant changes in both expression and DNA methylation levels, and most of them were related to cytochrome synthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis, transcription factors, and signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that DNA methylation is involved in the LT-regulated albino processes of ZH2. Changes in DNA methylation levels were associated with changes in gene expression levels, affecting the structure and function of chloroplasts, which may have a phenotypic impact on shoot and leaf color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China/National Center for Tea Improvement/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
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Tang J, Chen Y, Huang C, Li C, Feng Y, Wang H, Ding C, Li N, Wang L, Zeng J, Yang Y, Hao X, Wang X. Uncovering the complex regulatory network of spring bud sprouting in tea plants: insights from metabolic, hormonal, and oxidative stress pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263606. [PMID: 37936941 PMCID: PMC10627156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The sprouting process of tea buds is an essential determinant of tea quality and taste, thus profoundly impacting the tea industry. Buds spring sprouting is also a crucial biological process adapting to external environment for tea plants and regulated by complex transcriptional and metabolic networks. This study aimed to investigate the molecular basis of bud sprouting in tea plants firstly based on the comparisons of metabolic and transcriptional profiles of buds at different developmental stages. Results notably highlighted several essential processes involved in bud sprouting regulation, including the interaction of plant hormones, glucose metabolism, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Particularly prior to bud sprouting, the accumulation of soluble sugar reserves and moderate oxidative stress may have served as crucial components facilitating the transition from dormancy to active growth in buds. Following the onset of sprouting, zeatin served as the central component in a multifaceted regulatory mechanism of plant hormones that activates a range of growth-related factors, ultimately leading to the promotion of bud growth. This process was accompanied by significant carbohydrate consumption. Moreover, related key genes and metabolites were further verified during the entire overwintering bud development or sprouting processes. A schematic diagram involving the regulatory mechanism of bud sprouting was ultimately proposed, which provides fundamental insights into the complex interactions involved in tea buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Seed Management Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Hazra A, Ghosh S, Naskar S, Rahaman P, Roy C, Kundu A, Chaudhuri RK, Chakraborti D. Global transcriptome analysis reveals fungal disease responsive core gene regulatory landscape in tea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17186. [PMID: 37821523 PMCID: PMC10567763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are the inevitable limiting factor for productivity of tea. Transcriptome reprogramming recruits multiple regulatory pathways during pathogen infection. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed utilizing previously reported, well-replicated transcriptomic datasets from seven fungal diseases of tea. The study identified a cumulative set of 18,517 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tea, implicated in several functional clusters, including the MAPK signaling pathway, transcriptional regulation, and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids. Gene set enrichment analyses under each pathogen stress elucidated that DEGs were involved in ethylene metabolism, secondary metabolism, receptor kinase activity, and various reactive oxygen species detoxification enzyme activities. Expressional fold change of combined datasets highlighting 2258 meta-DEGs shared a common transcriptomic response upon fungal stress in tea. Pervasive duplication events caused biotic stress-responsive core DEGs to appear in multiple copies throughout the tea genome. The co-expression network of meta-DEGs in multiple modules demonstrated the coordination of appropriate pathways, most of which involved cell wall organization. The functional coordination was controlled by a number of hub genes and miRNAs, leading to pathogenic resistance or susceptibility. This first-of-its-kind meta-analysis of host-pathogen interaction generated consensus candidate loci as molecular signatures, which can be associated with future resistance breeding programs in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Hazra
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sanatan Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sudipta Naskar
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Piya Rahaman
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Chitralekha Roy
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Anirban Kundu
- Plant Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College (Autonomous), Rahara, Kolkata, 700118, India
| | | | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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27
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Li HZ, Wu H, Song KK, Zhao HH, Tang XY, Zhang XH, Wang D, Dong SL, Liu F, Wang J, Li ZC, Yang L, Xiang QZ. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment pathways and regulation of gene expression associated with somatic embryogenesis in Camellia sinensis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15946. [PMID: 37743377 PMCID: PMC10518320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high frequency, stable somatic embryo system of tea has still not been established due to the limitations of its own characteristics and therefore severely restricts the genetic research and breeding process of tea plants. In this study, the transcriptome was used to illustrate the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in the somatic embryogenesis of tea plants. The number of DEGs for the (IS intermediate stage)_PS (preliminary stage), ES (embryoid stage)_IS and ES_PS stages were 109, 2848 and 1697, respectively. The enrichment analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolic processes were considerably enriched at the ES_IS stage and performed a key role in somatic embryogenesis, while enhanced light capture in photosystem I could provide the material basis for carbohydrates. The pathway analysis showed that the enriched pathways in IS_PS process were far less than those in ES_IS or ES_PS, and the photosynthesis and photosynthetic antenna protein pathway of DEGs in ES_IS or ES_PS stage were notably enriched and up-regulated. The key photosynthesis and photosynthesis antenna protein pathways and the Lhcb1 gene were discovered in tea plants somatic embryogenesis. These results were of great significance to clarify the mechanism of somatic embryogenesis and the breeding research of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhen Li
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hui Wu
- AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, 5030, Gembloux 2, Belgium
| | - Kang-Kang Song
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhao
- Ri Zhao Cha Cang Tea Co. Ltd, Ri'zhao, 276800, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, He'fei, 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shao-Lin Dong
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhong-Cong Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Qin-Zeng Xiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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28
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Jia X, Zhang Q, Chen M, Wang Y, Lin S, Pan Y, Cheng P, Li M, Zhang Y, Ye J, Wang H. Analysis of the effect of different withering methods on tea quality based on transcriptomics and metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1235687. [PMID: 37780509 PMCID: PMC10538532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Withering is very important to the quality of Wuyi rock tea. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to analyze the effects of different withering methods on tea quality formation. The results showed that sunlight withering (SW) was most beneficial in increasing the gene expression of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis (ko00130), pyruvate metabolism (ko00620), starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), and tryptophan metabolism (ko00380) pathways, and increasing the content of nucleotides and derivatives, terpenoids, organic acids and lipids, thus enhancing the mellowness, fresh and brisk taste and aroma of tea. Withering trough withering (WW) was most beneficial in increasing the gene expression of glutathione metabolism (ko00480), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940) pathways, increasing the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, thus enhancing tea bitterness. A comprehensive evaluation of the metabolite content and taste characteristics of tea leaves showed SW to be the best quality and charcoal fire withering (FW) to be the worst quality. This study provided an important basis for guiding the processing of Wuyi rock tea with different flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Meihui Chen
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Yibin Pan
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
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29
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Liang YN, Li H, Huang XY, Bin YJ, Zhen YM, Qin XM. The complete chloroplast genome and phylogenomic analysis of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cultivar 'Liupao', a landrace from Guangxi, China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:921-926. [PMID: 37645477 PMCID: PMC10461518 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2250072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Liupao tea is one of the well-known Chinese tea brands and a famous local specialty in Wuzhou, Guangxi, China. However, the genetic background and phylogenetic relationship of the native resource plants of Liupao tea need study, especially at the genomic level. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cultivar 'Liupao' (LP, Liupao tea population) and inferred its phylogenetic relationship to other tea plant variants or cultivars. The cp genome had a total length of 157,097 bp and the overall GC content was 37.3%. The cp genome contained one LSC region (86,641 bp) and one SSC region (18,276 bp), which were separated by two IR regions (26,090 bp, respectively). Moreover, the cp genomes were composed of 130 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that LP was closely related to C. sinensis var. pabilimba cv. 'Lingyunbaihao'. This study will provide useful information for further investigating the genetic background, evolution, and breeding of LP as well as other tea cultivars and varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Liang
- Modern Industry College of Liupao Tea, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xi-Yang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Yue-Jing Bin
- Modern Industry College of Liupao Tea, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xin-Mei Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
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30
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Jin JQ, Qu FR, Huang H, Liu QS, Wei MY, Zhou Y, Huang KL, Cui Z, Chen JD, Dai WD, Zhu L, Yao MZ, Zhang ZM, Chen L. Characterization of two O-methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of O-methylated catechins in tea plant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5075. [PMID: 37604798 PMCID: PMC10442441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is known for having a high catechin content, with the main component being (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has significant bioactivities, including potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. The poor intestinal stability and permeability of EGCG, however, undermine these health-improving benefits. O-methylated EGCG derivatives, found in a few tea cultivars in low levels, have attracted considerable interest due to their increased bioavailability. Here, we identify two O-methyltransferases from tea plant: CsFAOMT1 that has a specific O-methyltransferase activity on the 3''-position of EGCG to generate EGCG3''Me, and CsFAOMT2 that predominantly catalyzes the formation of EGCG4″Me. In different tea tissues and germplasms, the transcript levels of CsFAOMT1 and CsFAOMT2 are strongly correlated with the amounts of EGCG3''Me and EGCG4''Me, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal structures of CsFAOMT1 and CsFAOMT2 reveal the key residues necessary for 3''- and 4''-O-methylation. These findings may provide guidance for the future development of tea cultivars with high O-methylated catechin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Fu-Rong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Huisi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing-Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuee Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ke-Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhibo Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wei-Dong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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31
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Hu J, Chen Q, Idrees A, Bi W, Lai Z, Sun Y. Structural and Functional Analysis of the MADS-Box Genes Reveals Their Functions in Cold Stress Responses and Flower Development in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2929. [PMID: 37631141 PMCID: PMC10458798 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box genes comprise a large family of transcription factors that play crucial roles in all aspects of plant growth and development. However, no detailed information on the evolutionary relationship and functional characterization of MADS-box genes is currently available for some representative lineages, such as the Camellia plant. In this study, 136 MADS-box genes were detected from a reference genome of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by employing a 569 bp HMM (Hidden Markov Model) developed using nucleotide sequencing including 73 type I and 63 type II genes. An additional twenty-seven genes were identified, with five MIKC-type genes. Truncated and/or inaccurate gene models were manually verified and curated to improve their functional characterization. Subsequently, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome locations, conserved motifs, gene structures, and gene expression profiles were systematically investigated. Tea plant MIKC genes were divided into all 14 major eudicot subfamilies, and no gene was found in Mβ. The expansion of MADS-box genes in the tea plant was mainly contributed by WGD/fragment and tandem duplications. The expression profiles of tea plant MADS-box genes in different tissues and seasons were analyzed, revealing widespread evolutionary conservation and genetic redundancy. The expression profiles linked to cold stress treatments suggested the wide involvement of MADS-box genes from the tea plant in response to low temperatures. Moreover, a floral 'ABCE' model was proposed in the tea plant and proved to be both conserved and ancient. Our analyses offer a detailed overview of MADS-box genes in the tea plant, allowing us to hypothesize the potential functions of unknown genes and providing a foundation for further functional characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Qianqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Atif Idrees
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Wanjun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.H.); (W.B.)
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32
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Liu X, Cao J, Cheng X, Zhu W, Sun Y, Wan X, Liu L. CsRVE1 promotes seasonal greening of albino Camellia sinensis cv. Huangkui by activating chlorophyll biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1432-1443. [PMID: 37083709 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal greening is a crucial survival strategy for albino tea cultivars, during which dysfunctional chloroplasts recover and chlorophyll biosynthesis increases in albino leaves. However, the regulatory mechanisms of seasonal greening in albino tea plants remain unclear. Here, we report that CsRVE1, a nuclear-located Myb-like transcription factor, can positively modulate the seasonal greening of albino Camellia sinensis cv. Huangkui leaves by activating the expression of genes involved in light harvesting and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The transcriptional expression of CsRVE1 increased during seasonal greening and was tightly correlated with increases in the expression of genes involved in light harvesting (CsLhcb) and chlorophyll biosynthesis (CsCHLH, CsHEMA1 and CsCAO). In vivo and in vitro molecular analyses showed that CsRVE1 can directly bind to the promoters of CsLhcb, CsCHLH and CsPORA, eventually leading to chlorophyll accumulation in tea leaves. Furthermore, transient suppression of CsRVE1 in tea leaves led to a decrease in target gene expression. In contrast, the overexpression of CsRVE1 in Arabidopsis led to chlorophyll increases and the activation of AtLhcb, AtPORA, AtCHLH, etc. These results identify CsRVE1 as an important promoter of seasonal greening that functions by regulating genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in albino tea plants and shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms of leaf phenotypes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Li H, Song K, Zhang X, Wang D, Dong S, Liu Y, Yang L. Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12643. [PMID: 37628823 PMCID: PMC10454712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant-microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Li W, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Cheng Z, Lu X, Luo B, Long C. Traditional management of ancient Pu'er teagardens in Jingmai Mountains in Yunnan of China, a designated Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:26. [PMID: 37393284 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pu'er Traditional Tea Agroecosystem is one of the projects included in the United Nations' Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) since 2012. Against the background of having rich biodiversity and a long history of tea culture, the ancient tea trees in Pu'er have experienced from wild-transition-cultivation for thousands of years, and the local people's knowledge about the management of ancient teagardens has not been rigorously recorded. For this reason, it is important to study and record the traditional management knowledge of Pu'er ancient teagardens and the influence on the formation of tea trees and communities. This study focuses on the traditional management knowledge of ancient teagardens in Jingmai Mountains, Pu'er, and monoculture teagardens (monoculture and intensively managed planting base for tea cultivation) were used as the control, through the community structure, composition and biodiversity of ancient teagardens to respond to the influence of traditional management, and this work with a view to providing a reference for further research on the stability and sustainable development of tea agroecosystem. METHODS From 2021 to 2022, information on traditional management of ancient teagardens was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 93 local people in the Jingmai Mountains area of Pu'er. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before conducting the interview process. The communities, tea trees and biodiversity of Jingmai Mountains ancient teagardens (JMATGs) and monoculture teagardens (MTGs) were examined through field surveys, measurements and biodiversity survey methods. The Shannon-Weiner (H), Pielou (E) and Margalef (M) indices were calculated for the biodiversity of the teagardens within the unit sample, using monoculture teagardens as a control. RESULTS The tea tree morphology, community structure and composition of Pu'er ancient teagardens are significantly different from those of monoculture teagardens, and the biodiversity is significantly higher than that of monoculture teagardens. The local people mainly manage the ancient tea trees mainly using several methods, including weeding (96.8%), pruning (48.4%) and pest control (33.3%). The pest control mainly relies on the removal of diseased branches. JMATGs annual gross output is approximately 6.5 times that of MTGs. The traditional management of ancient teagardens is through setting up forest isolation zones as protected areas, planting tea trees in the understory on the sunny side, keeping tea trees 1.5-7 m apart, as well as consciously protecting forest animals such as spiders, birds and bees, and reasonably rearing livestock in the teagardens. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that local people have rich traditional knowledge and experience in the management of ancient teagardens in Pu'er, and that this traditional management knowledge has impacted the growth of ancient tea trees, enriched the structure and composition of tea plantation communities and actively protected the biodiversity within ancient teagardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Binsheng Luo
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan, 332900, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Fu Q, Cao H, Wang L, Lei L, Di T, Ye Y, Ding C, Li N, Hao X, Zeng J, Yang Y, Wang X, Ye M, Huang J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Ascorbic Acid Treatment Enhances the Cold Tolerance of Tea Plants through Cell Wall Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10059. [PMID: 37373207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental factor that adversely affects the growth and productivity of tea plants. Upon cold stress, tea plants accumulate multiple metabolites, including ascorbic acid. However, the role of ascorbic acid in the cold stress response of tea plants is not well understood. Here, we report that exogenous ascorbic acid treatment improves the cold tolerance of tea plants. We show that ascorbic acid treatment reduces lipid peroxidation and increases the Fv/Fm of tea plants under cold stress. Transcriptome analysis indicates that ascorbic acid treatment down-regulates the expression of ascorbic acid biosynthesis genes and ROS-scavenging-related genes, while modulating the expression of cell wall remodeling-related genes. Our findings suggest that ascorbic acid treatment negatively regulates the ROS-scavenging system to maintain ROS homeostasis in the cold stress response of tea plants and that ascorbic acid's protective role in minimizing the harmful effects of cold stress on tea plants may occur through cell wall remodeling. Ascorbic acid can be used as a potential agent to increase the cold tolerance of tea plants with no pesticide residual concerns in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Fu
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongli Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Taimei Di
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yufan Ye
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jianyan Huang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Li S, Yao X, Zhang B, Tang H, Lu L. Genome-wide characterization of the U-box gene in Camellia sinensis and functional analysis in transgenic tobacco under abiotic stresses. Gene 2023; 865:147301. [PMID: 36813060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants U-box genes are crucial for plant survival, and they extensively regulate plant growth, reproduction and development as well as coping with stress and other processes. In this study, we identified 92 CsU-box genes through genome-wide analysis in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), all of them contained the conserved U-box domain and were divided into 5 groups, which supported by the further genes structure analysis. The expression profiles in eight tea plant tissues and under abiotic and hormone stresses were analyzed using the TPIA database. 7 CsU-box genes (CsU-box27/28/39/46/63/70/91) were selected to verify and analyze expression patterns under PEG-induced drought and heat stress in tea plant respectively, the qRT-PCR results showed consistent with transcriptome datasets; and the CsU-box39 were further heterologous expressed in tobacco to perform gene function analysis. Phenotypic analyses of overexpression transgenic tobacco seedlings and physiological experiments revealed that CsU-box39 positively regulated the plant response to drought stress. These results lay a solid foundation for studying the biological function of CsU-box, and will provide breeding strategy basis for tea plant breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Baohui Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mountain Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hu Tang
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mountain Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Litang Lu
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mountain Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Clarke C, Richter BS, Rathinasabapathi B. Genetic and morphological characterization of United States tea ( Camellia sinensis): insights into crop history, breeding strategies, and regional adaptability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1149682. [PMID: 37251750 PMCID: PMC10213625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple introductions of tea (Camellia sinensis) to the United States since the 1850s have resulted in US tea germplasm that are currently poorly characterized. To resolve questions concerning the relatedness and regional adaptability of US tea germplasm, 32 domestic individuals were evaluated using 10 InDel markers, and compared with a background population of 30 named and registered Chinese varieties of tea. The marker data were analyzed via a neighbor-joining cladistic tree derived from Nei's genetic distance, STRUCTURE, and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components, which revealed four genetic groups. Nineteen individuals selected from the four groups were assessed for seven leaf traits, two floral descriptors, and leaf yield, to identify plants best adapted to Florida field conditions. Our analyses compared with available historical records led us to estimate the most likely provenance of some of the US individuals, to precisely identify tea plant material and to choose most diverse accessions for breeding tea improved for adaptability, yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Clarke
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Zan T, He YT, Zhang M, Yonezawa T, Ma H, Zhao QM, Kuo WY, Zhang WJ, Huang CH. Phylogenomic analyses of Camellia support reticulate evolution among major clades. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107744. [PMID: 36842731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Camellia (Theaceae) is a morphologically highly diverse genus of flowering plants and includes many famous species with high economic value, and the phylogeny of this genus is not fully resolved. We used 95 transcriptomes from 87 Camellia species and identified 1481 low-copy genes to conduct a detailed analysis of the phylogeny of this genus according to various data-screening criteria. The results show that, very different from the two existing classification systems of Camellia, 87 species are grouped into 8 main clades and two independent species, and that all 8 clades except Clade 8 were strongly supported by almost all the coalescent or concatenated trees using different gene subsets. However, the relationships among these clades were weakly supported and different from analyses using different gene subsets; furthermore, they do not agree with the phylogeny from chloroplast genomes of Camellia. Additional analyses support reticulate evolution (probably resulting from introgression or hybridization) among some major Camellia lineages, providing explanation for extensive gene tree conflicts. Furthermore, we inferred that together with the formation of East Asian subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, Camellia underwent a radiative divergence of major clades at 23 ∼ 19 Ma in the late Miocene then had a subsequent species burst at 10 ∼ 5 Ma. Principal component and cluster analyses provides new insights into morphological changes underlying the evolution of Camellia and a reference to further clarify subgenus and sections of this genus. The comprehensive study here including a nuclear phylogeny and other analyses reveal the rapid evolutionary history of Camellia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zan
- Ecological Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yi-Tao He
- Ecological Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Takahiro Yonezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa 14 243-0034, Japan.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Qiang-Min Zhao
- Guangzhou Zongke Horticulture Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511300, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Kuo
- Ecological Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Wen-Ju Zhang
- Ecological Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- Ecological Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Dong Y, Guo W, Xiao W, Liu J, Jia Z, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Chang E. Effects of Different Donor Ages on the Growth of Cutting Seedlings Propagated from Ancient Platycladus orientalis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091754. [PMID: 37176812 PMCID: PMC10181453 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of tree age on the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees have been an important issue in plant breeding and cultivation. In order to understand seedling growth and stress resistance stability, phenotypic measurements, physiological assays, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing were performed on sown seedlings propagated from 5-year-old donors and cutting seedlings propagated from 5-, 300-, and 700-year-old Platycladus orientalis donors. In this study, the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees was significantly slower; the soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents gradually decreased with the increase in the age of donors, and the flavonoid and total phenolic contents of sown seedlings were higher than those of cutting seedlings. Enrichment analysis of differential genes showed that plant hormone signal transduction, the plant-pathogen interaction, and the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways were significantly up-regulated with the increasing age of cutting seedlings propagated from 300- and 700-year-old donors. A total of 104,764 differentially expressed genes were calculated using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and 8 gene modules were obtained. Further, 10 hub genes in the blue module were identified, which revealed that the expression levels of JAZ, FLS, RPM1/RPS3, CML, and RPS2 increased with the increase in tree age. The results demonstrated that the age of the donors seriously affected the growth of P. orientalis cutting seedlings and that cutting propagation can preserve the resistance of ancient trees. The results of this study provide important insights into the effects of age on asexually propagated seedlings, reveal potential molecular mechanisms, and contribute to an improvement in the level of breeding and conservation of ancient germplasm resources of P. orientalis trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zirui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Li JW, Li H, Liu ZW, Wang YX, Chen Y, Yang N, Hu ZH, Li T, Zhuang J. Molecular markers in tea plant (Camellia sinensis): Applications to evolution, genetic identification, and molecular breeding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107704. [PMID: 37086694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants have a long cultivation history in the world, and the beverage (tea) made from its leaves is well known in the world. Due to the characteristics of self-incompatibility, long-term natural and artificial hybridization, tea plants have a very complex genetic background, which make the classification of tea plants unclear. Molecular marker, one type of genetic markers, has the advantages of stable inheritance, large amount of information, and high reliability. The development of molecular marker has facilitated the understanding of complex tea germplasm resources. So far, molecular markers had played important roles in the study of the origin and evolution, the preservation and identification of tea germplasms, and the excellent cultivars breeding of tea plants. However, the information is scattered, making it difficult to understand the advance of molecular markers in tea plants. In this paper, we summarized the development process and types of molecular markers in tea plants. In addition, the application advance of these molecular markers in tea plants was reviewed. Perspectives of molecular markers in tea plants were also systematically provided and discussed. The elaboration of molecular markers in this paper should help us to renew understanding of its application in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xin Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Tan X, Li H, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Jin Z, Chen W, Tang D, Wei C, Tang Q. Characterization of the Difference between Day and Night Temperatures on the Growth, Photosynthesis, and Metabolite Accumulation of Tea Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076718. [PMID: 37047691 PMCID: PMC10095163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the effects of the differences between day and night temperatures (DIFs) on tea plant are poorly understood. In order to investigate the influence of DIFs on the growth, photosynthesis, and metabolite accumulation of tea plants, the plants were cultivated under 5 °C (25/20 °C, light/dark), 10 °C (25/15 °C, light/dark), and 15 °C (25/10 °C, light/dark). The results showed that the growth rate of the new shoots decreased with an increase in the DIFs. There was a downward trend in the photosynthesis among the treatments, as evidenced by the lowest net photosynthetic rate and total chlorophyll at a DIF of 15 °C. In addition, the DIFs significantly affected the primary and secondary metabolites. In particular, the 10 °C DIF treatment contained the lowest levels of soluble sugars, tea polyphenols, and catechins but was abundant in caffeine and amino acids, along with high expression levels of theanine synthetase (TS3) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Furthermore, the transcriptome data revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, flavone/flavonol biosyntheses, flavonoid biosynthesis, etc. Therefore, we concluded that a DIF of 10 °C was suitable for the protected cultivation of tea plants in terms of the growth and the quality of a favorable flavor of tea, which provided a scientific basis for the protected cultivation of tea seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huili Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Liu S, Zhang S, He S, Qiao X, Runa A. Tea plant ( Camellia sinensis) lipid metabolism pathway modulated by tea field microbe ( Colletotrichum camelliae) to promote disease. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad028. [PMID: 37090093 PMCID: PMC10117433 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular healthy and non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. Tea anthracnose is a disease in tea mature leaves and ultimately affects yield and quality. Colletotrichum camelliae is a dominant fungal pathogen in the tea field that infects tea plants in China. The pathogenic factors of fungus and the susceptible factors in the tea plant are not known. In this work, we performed molecular and genetic studies to observe a cerato-platanin protein CcCp1 from C. camelliae, which played a key role in fungal pathogenicity. △CcCp1 mutants lost fungal virulence and reduced the ability to produce conidia. Transcriptome and metabolome were then performed and analysed in tea-susceptible and tea-resistant cultivars, Longjing 43 and Zhongcha 108, upon C. camelliae wild-type CCA and △CcCp1 infection, respectively. The differentially expressed genes and the differentially accumulated metabolites in tea plants were clearly overrepresented such as linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis and metabolism, biosynthesis of flavonoid, flavone and flavonol etc. In particular, the accumulation of jasmonic acid was significantly increased in the susceptible cultivar Longjing 43 upon CCA infection, in the fungal CcCp1 protein dependent manner, suggesting the compound involved in regulating fungal infection. In addition, other metabolites in the glycerophospholipid and phenylalanine pathway were observed in the resistant cultivar Zhongcha 108 upon fungal treatment, suggesting their potential role in defense response. Taken together, this work indicated C. camelliae CcCp1 affected the tea plant lipid metabolism pathway to promote disease while the lost function of CcCp1 mutants altered the fungal virulence and plant response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shengnan He
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - A Runa
- Laboratory of Tea and Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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43
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Long T, Hu R, Cheng Z, Xu C, Hu Q, Liu Q, Gu R, Huang Y, Long C. Ethnobotanical study on herbal tea drinks in Guangxi, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:10. [PMID: 37004116 PMCID: PMC10064729 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal tea drinks, different from classical Camellia beverages, are a wide variety of herbal drinks consumed for therapeutic purposes or health promotion. Herbal tea is widely consumed in Guangxi. However, the documentation on the plants for herbal tea and their related health benefits is still limited. METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 52 villages and 21 traditional markets in Guangxi from 2016 to 2021. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and structured questionnaires were applied to obtain ethnobotanical information of herbal tea, in which 463 informants had participated. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural food significance index (CFSI) were used to evaluate the most culturally significant herbal tea plants, and informant consensus factor (ICF) was applied to assess the agreement among informants. RESULTS This study recorded 155 herbal tea species belonging to 49 families. The most commonly used parts included leaf (27.61%), whole plant (22.09%), branch and leaf (19.02%), and flower (13.50%). The most frequent preparation method of herbal tea was decoction. Herbal tea was very popular in Guangxi, attributing to its therapeutic value, special odor, and good taste. There are 41 health benefits classified into eight categories. Among them, clearing heat was the most medicinal effects. Local people had high consistency in tonic, removing cold and cough, improving blood circulation, and clearing heat away. Based on CFSI values of each species, the most culturally significant herbal tea species were Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang, Plantago asiatica L., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Pholidota chinensis Lindl., and Morus alba L. CONCLUSION Herbal tea is a valuable heritage that carries the local people's traditional knowledge, like health care and religious belief. The recorded herbal tea species in this study possess tremendous potential for local economic development in the future. Further research on efficacy evaluation and product development of herbal tea species is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Renchuan Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Commission of Ethnic Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuangui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Qimin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ronghui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China.
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Commission of Ethnic Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang W, Xiong T, Ye F, Chen JH, Chen YR, Cao JJ, Feng ZG, Zhang ZB. The lineage-specific evolution of the oleosin family in Theaceae. Gene 2023; 868:147385. [PMID: 36958508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Oleosins play essential roles in stabilization of lipid droplets (LDs) and seed oil production. However, evolution of this gene family has not been reported in Theaceae, a large plant family that contains many important tea and oil tea species. In this study, a total of 65 oleosin genes were identified in nine genome-sequenced Theaceae species. Among these genomes, the gene number of oleosin showed significant difference, with Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Shuchazao and Camellia lanceoleosa displayed more oleosin numbers than other species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Theaceae oleosin genes were classified into three clades (U, SL, SH) respectively. Proteins within the same clade had similar gene structure and motif composition. Segmental duplication was the primary driving force for the evolution of oleosin genes in Shuchazao (SCZ), Huangdan (HD), C.lanceoleosa (Cla), and wild tea (DASZ). Synteny analysis showed that most oleosin genes displayed inter-species synteny among tea and oil tea species. Expression analysis demonstrated that oleosin genes were specifically expressed in seed and kernel of Huangdan (HD) and C.lanceoleosa. Moreover, expression divergence was observed in paralogous pairs and ∼1-2 oleosin genes in each clade have become activate. This study leads to a comprehensive understanding of evolution of oleosin family in Theaceae, and provides a rich resource to further address the functions of oleosin in tea and oil tea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Rui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Jia Cao
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Feng
- School of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Hainan, China.
| | - Zai-Bao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
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45
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Metabolic Variations among Three New Tea Varieties Cultivated in Shandong, China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061299. [PMID: 36981225 PMCID: PMC10048610 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultivar identification is a necessary step in tea breeding programs. Rapid identification methods would greatly improve these breeding processes. To preliminarily identify the three new Lucha tea varieties (LC6, LC7, and LC17) cultivated in Shandong, we measured their main agronomic characters and biochemical components. Then, we analyzed the metabolic profiles of these tea varieties and Fuding Dabaicha (FD) using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. Their biochemical components indicated that the Lucha varieties had excellent varietal characteristics, with higher amino acid contents. Furthermore, secondary metabolism changed a lot in the Lucha tea varieties compared with that in the FD, with their accumulations of flavonoids and phenolic acids showing significant differences. These differential flavonoids were dominated by flavones and flavanone, flavonols, flavonoid carbonosides, and flavanols monomer. Flavanols especially, including epicatechin glucoside, epicatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl)gallate, epigallocatechin-3-O-(3,5-O-dimethyl)gallate, and epitheaflavic acid-3-O-Gallate, showed higher levels in the Lucha varieties. The phenolic acids containing caffeoyl groups showed higher levels in the Lucha varieties than those in the FD, while those containing galloyl groups showed a reverse pattern. Nitrogen metabolism, including amino acids, also showed obvious differences between the Lucha varieties and FD. The differential amino acids were mainly higher in the Lucha varieties, including 5-L-glutamyl-L-amino acid, N-monomethyl-L-arginine, and N-α-acetyl-L-ornithine. By using these approaches, we found that LC6, LC7, and LC17 were excellent varieties with a high yield and high quality for making green teas in Shandong.
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46
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Molecular regulation of immunity in tea plants. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2883-2892. [PMID: 36538170 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tea, which is mainly produced using the young leaves and buds of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), is one of the most common non-alcoholic beverages consumed in the world. The standard of tea mostly depends on the variety and quality of tea plants, which generally grow in subtropical areas, where the warm and humid conditions are also conducive to the occurrence of diseases. In fighting against pathogens, plants rely on their sophisticated innate immune systems which has been extensively studied in model plants. Many components involved in pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) have been found. Nevertheless, the molecular regulating network against pathogens (e.g., Pseudopestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Exobasidium vexans) causing widespread disease (such as grey blight disease, anthracnose, and blister blight) in tea plants is still unclear. With the recent release of the genome data of tea plants, numerous genes involved in tea plant immunity have been identified, and the molecular mechanisms behind tea plant immunity is being studied. Therefore, the recent achievements in identifying and cloning functional genes/gene families, in finding crucial components of tea immunity signaling pathways, and in understanding the role of secondary metabolites have been summarized and the opportunities and challenges in the future studies of tea immunity are highlighted in this review.
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47
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Zhang ZB, Xiong T, Chen JH, Ye F, Cao JJ, Chen YR, Zhao ZW, Luo T. Understanding the Origin and Evolution of Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.]): Genomic Advances in Tea. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:156-168. [PMID: 36859501 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Tea, which is processed by the tender shoots or leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world and has numerous health benefits for humans. Along with new progress in biotechnologies, the refined chromosome-scale reference tea genomes have been achieved, which facilitates great promise for the understanding of fundamental genomic architecture and evolution of the tea plants. Here, we summarize recent achievements in genome sequencing in tea plants and review the new progress in origin and evolution of tea plants by population sequencing analysis. Understanding the genomic characterization of tea plants is import to improve tea quality and accelerate breeding in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Bao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Jia-Jia Cao
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yu-Rui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Tian Luo
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
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48
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Hu S, Liu X, Xuan W, Mei H, Li J, Chen X, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Jeyaraj A, Periakaruppan R, Li XH. Genome-wide identification and characterization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) gene family reveals their role in adventitious root development in tea nodal cutting (Camellia Sinensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:791-802. [PMID: 36572081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Auxin affects all aspects of plant growth and development, including morphogenesis and adaptive responses. Auxin transmembrane transport is promoted by PIN formation (PIN) and a structurally similar PIN-like (PILS) gene family, which jointly controls the directional transport of the auxin between plant cells, and the accumulation of intracellular auxin. At present, there is no study investigating the roles of CslPIN and CslPILS gene family in root development in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). In this study, 8 CslPIN and 10 CslPILS genes were identified in the tea plant, and their evolutionary relationships, physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, chromosome location, collinearity, and expression characteristics were analyzed. The mechanism of CslPIN and CslPILS in the formation of tea adventitious roots (ARs) was studied by the AR induction system. Through functional verification, the regulation of CslPIN3 gene on root growth and development of tea plant was studied by over-expression of CslPIN3 in Arabidopsis thaliana and in situ hybridization in Camellia sinensis. The results confirmed CslPIN3 was involved in the regulation of root growth and development as well as auxin accumulation. This study provides a better insight into the regulatory mechanism of CslPIN and CslPILS gene family on the formation of AR in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkai Hu
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinqiu Liu
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Xuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huiling Mei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianjie Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuan Chen
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Anburaj Jeyaraj
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rajiv Periakaruppan
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 14, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- International Institute of Tea Industry Innovation for "the Belt and Road", Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Pectate Lyase Genes Abundantly Expressed During the Infection Regulate Morphological Development of Colletotrichum camelliae and CcPEL16 Is Required for Full Virulence to Tea Plants. mSphere 2023; 8:e0067722. [PMID: 36692304 PMCID: PMC9942558 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00677-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum camelliae is the dominant species causing foliar diseases of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Transcriptome data and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis have demonstrated that the pectate lyase genes in C. camelliae (CcPELs) were significantly upregulated during infectious development on tea plants (cv. Longjing43). To further evaluate the biological functions of CcPELs, we established a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation system of C. camelliae and generated targeted deletion mutants of seven CcPELs. Phenotypic assays showed that the genes contribute to mycelial growth, conidiation, and appressorium development. The polypeptides encoded by each CcPEL gene contained a predicted N-terminal signal peptide, and a yeast invertase secretion assay suggested that each CcPEL protein could be secreted. Cell death-suppressive activity assays confirmed that all seven CcPELs did not suppress Bax-induced cell death in tobacco leaf cells. However, deletion of CcPEL16 significantly reduced necrotic lesions on tea leaves. Taken together, these results indicated that CcPELs play essential roles in regulating morphological development, and CcPEL16 is required for full virulence in C. camelliae. IMPORTANCE In this study, we first established a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation system of C. camelliae and used it to investigate the biological functions of seven pectate lyase genes (CcPELs) which were abundantly expressed during infection. The results provided insights into the contributions of pectate lyase to mycelial growth, conidial production, appressorium formation, and the pathogenicity of C. camelliae. We also confirmed the secretory function of CcPEL proteins and their role in suppressing Bax-induced cell death. Overall, this study provides an effective method for generating gene-deletion transformants in C. camelliae and broadens our understanding of pectate lyase in regulating morphological development and pathogenicity.
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50
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Cheng L, Li M, Wang Y, Han Q, Hao Y, Qiao Z, Zhang W, Qiu L, Gong A, Zhang Z, Li T, Luo S, Tang L, Liu D, Yin H, Lu S, Balbuena TS, Zhao Y. Transcriptome-based variations effectively untangling the intraspecific relationships and selection signals in Xinyang Maojian tea population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114284. [PMID: 36890899 PMCID: PMC9986275 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of the world's top three popular non-alcoholic beverages, tea is economically and culturally valuable. Xinyang Maojian, this elegant green tea, is one of the top ten famous tea in China and has gained prominence for thousands of years. However, the cultivation history of Xinyang Maojian tea population and selection signals of differentiation from the other major variety Camellia sinensis var. assamica (CSA) remain unclear. We newly generated 94 Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) transcriptomes including 59 samples in the Xinyang area and 35 samples collected from 13 other major tea planting provinces in China. Comparing the very low resolution of phylogeny inferred from 1785 low-copy nuclear genes with 94 C. sinensis samples, we successfully resolved the phylogeny of C. sinensis samples by 99,115 high-quality SNPs from the coding region. The sources of tea planted in the Xinyang area were extensive and complex. Specifically, Shihe District and Gushi County were the two earliest tea planting areas in Xinyang, reflecting a long history of tea planting. Furthermore, we identified numerous selection sweeps during the differentiation of CSA and CSS and these positive selection genes are involved in many aspects such as regulation of secondary metabolites synthesis, amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis, etc. Numerous specific selective sweeps of modern cultivars were annotated with functions in various different aspects, indicating the CSS and CSA populations possibly underwent independent specific domestication processes. Our study indicated that transcriptome-based SNP-calling is an efficient and cost-effective method in untangling intraspecific phylogenetic relationships. This study provides a significant understanding of the cultivation history of the famous Chinese tea Xinyang Maojian and unravels the genetic basis of physiological and ecological differences between the two major tea subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tea-oil tree Biology and High Value Utilization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Mengge Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tea-oil tree Biology and High Value Utilization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qunwei Han
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tea-oil tree Biology and High Value Utilization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanlin Hao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tea-oil tree Biology and High Value Utilization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tea-oil tree Biology and High Value Utilization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Institute of Forestry Science, Xinyang Forestry Bureau, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Andong Gong
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tea-oil tree Biology and High Value Utilization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Linshuang Tang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daliang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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