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Pereira F, Fernández-Barral A, Larriba MJ, Barbáchano A, González-Sancho JM. From molecular basis to clinical insights: a challenging future for the vitamin D endocrine system in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:2485-2518. [PMID: 37699548 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Zhao S, Qian F, Wan Z, Chen X, Pan A, Liu G. Vitamin D and major chronic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00112-7. [PMID: 38824035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Numerous observational studies have demonstrated a significant inverse association between vitamin D status and the risk of major chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. However, findings from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest minimal or no benefit of increased vitamin D levels. We provide an overview of recent literature linking vitamin D to major chronic diseases. Because emerging evidence indicates a potential threshold effect of vitamin D, future well-designed studies focused on diverse populations with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency are warranted for a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of maintaining sufficient vitamin D status on the prevention of major chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhao
- School of Public Health, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Frank Qian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Public Health, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Nobutoki T. Vitamin D in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumors. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1392380. [PMID: 38846332 PMCID: PMC11153746 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1392380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have been used to treat pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated tumors, particularly in cases with contraindications to surgery or difficulties in complete tumor resection. However, some patients experience side effects and tumor regression after discontinuation of the treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can be used in combination with mTORi to increase their efficacy and minimize their side effects. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D), which has anticancer properties, may be a promising candidate for adjuvant or alternative therapy because TSC and cancer cells share common mechanisms, including angiogenesis, cell growth, and proliferation. Vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling can be epigenetically modified and plays an important role in susceptibility to 1,25-D. Therefore, vitamin D signaling may be a promising drug target, and in vitro studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of 1,25-D in TSC-associated tumors, brain development, and core symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nobutoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Social Welfare Aiseikai, Suihoen, Japan
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Luo L, Chen G, Zhou Y, Xiang Y, Peng J. Dietary intake, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins in relation to childhood asthma: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1401881. [PMID: 38846540 PMCID: PMC11153797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1401881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the risk association between daily dietary intake, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with Childhood Asthma (CA). Therefore, this study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) methodology to systematically investigate the causal relationships between daily dietary intake, serum antioxidants, serum minerals, and the circulating levels of serum vitamins with CA. Methods This study selected factors related to daily dietary intake, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and sugars, as well as serum antioxidant levels (lycopene, uric acid, and β-carotene), minerals (calcium, copper, selenium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, and magnesium), and vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E), using them as Instrumental Variables (IVs). Genetic data related to CA were obtained from the FinnGen and GWAS Catalog databases, with the primary analytical methods being Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) and sensitivity analysis. Results Following MR analysis, it is observed that sugar intake (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.91, P: 0.01) is inversely correlated with the risk of CA, while the intake of serum circulating magnesium levels (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06-2.53, P: 0.03), fats (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-1.95, P: 0.02), and serum vitamin D levels (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25, P: 0.02) are positively associated with an increased risk of CA. Conclusion This study identified a causal relationship between the daily dietary intake of sugars and fats, as well as the magnesium and vitamin D levels in serum, and the occurrence of CA. However, further in-depth research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- School of TCM Health Care, Leshan Vocational of Technical College, Leshan, Sicuan Province, China
| | - Guanglei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of TCM Health Care, Leshan Vocational of Technical College, Leshan, Sicuan Province, China
| | - YaJun Xiang
- School of TCM Health Care, Leshan Vocational of Technical College, Leshan, Sicuan Province, China
| | - Jing Peng
- School of TCM Health Care, Leshan Vocational of Technical College, Leshan, Sicuan Province, China
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Webb PM, Jordan SJ. Global epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:389-400. [PMID: 38548868 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Globally, ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer in women, accounting for an estimated 3.7% of cases and 4.7% of cancer deaths in 2020. Until the early 2000s, age-standardized incidence was highest in northern Europe and North America, but this trend has changed; incidence is now declining in these regions and increasing in parts of eastern Europe and Asia. Ovarian cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and, even among the most common type, namely epithelial ovarian cancer, five major clinically and genetically distinct histotypes exist. Most high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas are now recognized to originate in the fimbrial ends of the fallopian tube. This knowledge has led to more cancers being coded as fallopian tube in origin, which probably explains some of the apparent declines in ovarian cancer incidence, particularly in high-income countries; however, it also suggests that opportunistic salpingectomy offers an important opportunity for prevention. The five histotypes share several reproductive and hormonal risk factors, although differences also exist. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of this complex disease, comparing the different histotypes, and consider the potential for prevention. We also discuss how changes in the prevalence of risk and protective factors might have contributed to the observed changes in incidence and what this might mean for incidence in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Susan J Jordan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. Multiplicative, additive, and interactive associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lung and prostate cancer. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:133-142. [PMID: 36755523 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive epidemiological associations with smoking, the number-one risk factor for LCA, and age, the number-one risk factor for PCA. Also, this study investigated whether the associations of 25(OH)D, smoking, age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet (the healthy Nordic diet score), and physical activity with incident LCA and PCA are multiplicative or additive. The study of association types makes it easier to select appropriate statistical methods. The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study provided the data of 2578 men with 112 LCA and 300 PCA cases over 35 years by the end of 2019. Serum 25(OH)D did not associate with LCA and PCA or interact with smoking and age. The association of smoking with LCA was additive; 13 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. Age and alcohol consumption multiplicatively increased the hazard of LCA (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval for age >50: 3.56, 1.82-6.17; drink per week: 1.01, 1.00-1.03), whereas adherence to healthy Nordic diet decreased it (per score point: 0.95, 0.89-1.00). The association of age >50 with PCA was additive; 2.5 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. To conclude, there was no epidemiological relationship of pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D concentrations with the incidence of LCA and PCA. The respective associations of smoking and age >50 with LCA and PCA were additive rather than multiplicative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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Zhang Z, Qiu S, Wang Z, Hu Y. Vitamin D levels and five cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23674. [PMID: 38187309 PMCID: PMC10767153 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, whilst vitamin D levels have been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease. To investigate the causal relationship between vitamin D levels and five cardiovascular diseases, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using data on vitamin D levels (sample size = 79366), angina pectoris (18168 cases and 187840 controls), coronary heart disease (21012 cases and 197780 controls), lacunar stroke (6030 cases and 248929 controls), heart attack (10693 cases and 451187 controls), and hypertension (55917 cases and 162837 controls), with a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis being subsequently performed. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables (IVs). In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the reliability of the MR results here. The results showed a causal relationship between vitamin D levels and angina pectoris (OR = 0.51, 95 % CI: 0.28-0.93, P = 0.03), coronary heart disease (OR = 0.53, 95 % CI: 0.34-0.81, P = 0.004), and lacunar stroke (OR = 0.41, 95 % CI: 0.20-0.86, P = 0.02), but no causal relationship with heart attacks (OR = 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.99-1.01, P = 0.76) or hypertension (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.73-1.34, P = 0.94). Additionally, our IVs data showed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy, whilst the results of the MR analysis were reliable. This study contributes to the prevention and treatment of these five cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjang Production & Construction Group, Tarim University, Alaer, China
| | - Shizheng Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Fang A, Zhao Y, Yang P, Zhang X, Giovannucci EL. Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s10654-023-01075-4. [PMID: 38214845 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
We summarized the current evidence on vitamin D and major health outcomes from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. PubMed and Embase were searched for original MR studies on vitamin D in relation to any health outcome from inception to September 1, 2022. Nonlinear MR findings were excluded due to concerns about the validity of the statistical methods used. A meta-analysis was preformed to synthesize study-specific estimates after excluding overlapping samples, where applicable. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the STROBE-MR checklist. A total of 133 MR publications were eligible for inclusion in the analyses. The causal association between vitamin D status and 275 individual outcomes was examined. Linear MR analyses showed genetically high 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis incidence and relapse, non-infectious uveitis and scleritis, psoriasis, femur fracture, leg fracture, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anorexia nervosa, delirium, heart failure, ovarian cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and bacterial pneumonia, but increased risk of Behçet's disease, Graves' disease, kidney stone disease, fracture of radium/ulna, basal cell carcinoma, and overall cataracts. Stratified analyses showed that the inverse association between genetically predisposed 25(OH)D concentrations and multiple sclerosis risk was significant and consistent regardless of the genetic instruments GIs selected. However, the associations with most of the other outcomes were only pronounced when using genetic variants not limited to those in the vitamin D pathway as GIs. The methodological quality of the included MR studies was substantially heterogeneous. Current evidence from linear MR studies strongly supports a causal role of vitamin D in the development of multiple sclerosis. Suggestive support for a number of other health conditions could help prioritize conditions where vitamin D may be beneficial or harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Choquet H, Jiang C, Yin J, Kim Y, Hoffmann TJ, Jorgenson E, Asgari MM. Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel basal cell carcinoma loci and shared genetic effects with squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:33. [PMID: 38182794 PMCID: PMC10770328 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet its genetic determinants are incompletely defined. We perform a European ancestry genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis and a Hispanic/Latino ancestry GWA meta-analysis and meta-analyze both in a multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of BCC, totaling 50,531 BCC cases and 762,234 controls from four cohorts (GERA, Mass-General Brigham Biobank, UK Biobank, and 23andMe research cohort). Here we identify 122 BCC-associated loci, of which 36 were novel, and subsequently fine-mapped these associations. We also identify an association of the well-known pigment gene SLC45A2 as well as associations at RCC2 and CLPTM1L with BCC in Hispanic/Latinos. We examine these BCC loci for association with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in 16,407 SCC cases and 762,486 controls of European ancestry, and 33 SNPs show evidence of association. Our study findings provide important insights into the genetic basis of BCC and cSCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Yuhree Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Niu YY, Aierken A, Feng L. Unraveling the link between dietary factors and cardiovascular metabolic diseases: Insights from a two-sample Mendelian Randomization investigation. Heart Lung 2024; 63:72-77. [PMID: 37826923 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When specific nutrients are inadequate, vulnerability to cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses increases. The data linking dietary nutrition with these illnesses, however, has been sparse in the past observational research and randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVES A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the influence of macronutrients (fat, protein, sugar, and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (β-carotene, folate, calcium, iron, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B, and vitamin B12) on the susceptibility to cardiovascular metabolic disorders, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, utilizing inverse variance weighting and conducting comprehensive sensitivity assessments. We obtained publicly accessible summary data from separate cohorts comprising individuals of European ancestry. The level of statistical significance was established at a threshold of P < 0. 00074. RESULTS Based on our research findings, we have established a causal association between the consumption of circulating fat and the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The study found that an increase of one standard deviation in fat consumption was associated with a decreased risk of heart failure, with an odds ratio of 0. 56 (95 % CI: 0. 40-0. 79; p = 0. 0007). Notably, various sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this association. Conversely, we did not find any significant correlation between other dietary components and the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION Our research findings demonstrate a conspicuous impact of dietary fat consumption on the susceptibility to heart failure, independent of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and stroke. Consequently, it is indicated that dietary factors are unrelated to the predisposition to cardiovascular metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Niu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Cadres Health Protection Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No. 5, beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Aikeremu Aierken
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Cadres Health Protection Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No. 5, beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Cadres Health Protection Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No. 5, beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
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11
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Chen X, Song S, Shi J, Wang Z, Song W, Wang J, Wang G, Wang X. Evaluating the effect of body mass index and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D level on basal cell carcinoma using Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16552. [PMID: 37783777 PMCID: PMC10545741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer with a rising incidence among white-skinned individuals. A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that obesity and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels may affect the arising of BCC. To address this, we selected 443 and 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with body mass index (BMI) and serum level of 25(OH)D from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), respectively. The univariable and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted with a series of sensitivity analyses to ensure the results were reliable and reproducible. The results of univariable two-sample MR analysis showed that higher BMI was related to lower risk for BCC (Odds ratio(OR) = 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI),[0.81,0.99]; p = 0.02). In addition, this causal effect of BMI on BCC still remained (OR = 0.88; 95%CI,[- 0.22, - 0.03], p-value = 0.008) after adjusting for 25(OH)D level in the multivariable MR analysis. However, the results suggested that 25(OH)D level was not associated with BCC(OR = 1.02; 95%CI, [0.94,1.09], p-value = 0.67). In conclusion, similar to the conclusions of retrospective observational studies, the MR results indicate that high BMI is an independent protective factor for BCC. Meanwhile, vitamin D levels may not be causally associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma and increasing vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to reduce the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Chen
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shan Song
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyu Shi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Flatby HM, Ravi A, Damås JK, Solligård E, Rogne T. Circulating levels of micronutrients and risk of infections: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2023; 21:84. [PMID: 36882828 PMCID: PMC9993583 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients play an essential role at every stage of the immune response, and deficiencies can therefore lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Previous observational studies and randomized controlled trials of micronutrients and infections are limited. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the effect of blood levels of eight micronutrients (copper, iron, selenium, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin D) on the risk of three infections (gastrointestinal infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections). METHODS Two-sample MR was conducted using publicly available summary statistics from independent cohorts of European ancestry. For the three infections, we used data from UK Biobank and FinnGen. Inverse variance-weighted MR analyses were performed, together with a range of sensitivity analyses. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 2.08E-03. RESULTS We found a significant association between circulating levels of copper and risk of gastrointestinal infections, where a one standard deviation increase in blood levels of copper was associated with an odds ratio of gastrointestinal infections of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.97, P = 1.38E-03). This finding was robust in extensive sensitivity analyses. There was no clear association between the other micronutrients and the risk of infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly support a role of copper in the susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene M Flatby
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3. etg, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anuradha Ravi
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3. etg, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan K Damås
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3. etg, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Solligård
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3. etg, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tormod Rogne
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3. etg, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Neale RE, Lucas RM, Byrne SN, Hollestein L, Rhodes LE, Yazar S, Young AR, Berwick M, Ireland RA, Olsen CM. The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00375-8. [PMID: 36856971 PMCID: PMC9976694 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) evaluates the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health within the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments. We assess work published since our last comprehensive assessment in 2018. Over the last four years gains have been made in knowledge of the links between sun exposure and health outcomes, mechanisms, and estimates of disease burden, including economic impacts. Of particular note, there is new information about the way in which exposure to UV radiation modulates the immune system, causing both harms and benefits for health. The burden of skin cancer remains high, with many lives lost to melanoma and many more people treated for keratinocyte cancer, but it has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 11 million cases of melanoma and 432 million cases of keratinocyte cancer that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. While the incidence of skin cancer continues to rise, rates have stabilised in younger populations in some countries. Mortality has also plateaued, partly due to the use of systemic therapies for advanced disease. However, these therapies are very expensive, contributing to the extremely high economic burden of skin cancer, and emphasising the importance and comparative cost-effectiveness of prevention. Photodermatoses, inflammatory skin conditions induced by exposure to UV radiation, can have a marked detrimental impact on the quality of life of sufferers. More information is emerging about their potential link with commonly used drugs, particularly anti-hypertensives. The eyes are also harmed by over-exposure to UV radiation. The incidence of cataract and pterygium is continuing to rise, and there is now evidence of a link between intraocular melanoma and sun exposure. It has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 63 million cases of cataract that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. Despite the clearly established harms, exposure to UV radiation also has benefits for human health. While the best recognised benefit is production of vitamin D, beneficial effects mediated by factors other than vitamin D are emerging. For both sun exposure and vitamin D, there is increasingly convincing evidence of a positive role in diseases related to immune function, including both autoimmune diseases and infection. With its influence on the intensity of UV radiation and global warming, the Montreal Protocol has, and will have, both direct and indirect effects on human health, potentially changing the balance of the risks and benefits of spending time outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - R. M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - S. N. Byrne
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - L. Hollestein
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. E. Rhodes
- Dermatology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S. Yazar
- Garvan Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | | | - M. Berwick
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, USA
| | - R. A. Ireland
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - C. M. Olsen
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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14
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Katagiri R, Goto A, Nakano S, Nakatochi M, Koyanagi YN, Iwagami M, Hanyuda A, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura S, Kuriki K, Suzuki S, Imoto I, Momozawa Y, Oze I, Ito H, Tsugane S, Wakai K, Matsuo K, Iwasaki M. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risk of overall and colorectal cancer among Japanese using a Mendelian randomization approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2384. [PMID: 36765195 PMCID: PMC9918529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and total and colorectal cancer risk was inconsistent in observational studies. We conducted Mendelian randomization approach in which the effect of confounding might be reduced. 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were systematically selected according to the "GWAS Catalog" from all ethnic populations. For the SNP-vitamin D concentration association, 3978 individuals from two Japanese cohorts were included. Regarding SNP-total and colorectal cancer association, 4543 cancer cases and 14,224 controls and 7936 colorectal cancer cases and 38,042 controls, respectively were included from the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology and other studies in Japan. There was no significant association between the genetically predicted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and total or colorectal cancer in any of the MR analyses. Odds ratios per doubling in vitamin D concentration were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-1.09) for total cancer and 1.00 (95% CI 0.80-1.24) for colorectal cancer in inverse variance weighted method, 0.83 (95% CI 0.57-1.19) for total cancer and 1.01 (95% CI 0.75-1.37) for colorectal cancer in MR-Egger method. Consistent with previous MR analyses among European ancestries, there was no significant association identified between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and total or colorectal cancer among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Dietary Factors and Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030603. [PMID: 36771310 PMCID: PMC9920466 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the strong association between obesity and endometrial cancer risk, dietary factors may play an important role in the development of this cancer. However, observational studies of micro- and macronutrients and their role in endometrial cancer risk have been inconsistent. Clarifying these relationships are important to develop nutritional recommendations for cancer prevention. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the effects of circulating levels of 15 micronutrients (vitamin A (retinol), folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, β-carotene, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc) as well as corrected relative macronutrient intake (protein, carbohydrate, sugar and fat) on risks of endometrial cancer and its subtypes (endometrioid and non-endometrioid histologies). Genetically predicted vitamin C levels were found to be strongly associated with endometrial cancer risk. There was some evidence that genetically predicted relative intake of macronutrients (carbohydrate, sugar and fat) affects endometrial cancer risk. No other significant association were observed. Conclusions: In summary, these findings suggest that vitamin C and macronutrients influence endometrial cancer risk but further investigation is required.
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16
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Lawler T, Warren Andersen S. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020422. [PMID: 36678292 PMCID: PMC9865859 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower risk for several cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers. To mitigate confounding, genetic instrumental variables (IVs) have been used to estimate causal associations between 25-hydroxivtamin D and cancer risk via Mendelian randomization (MR). We provide a systematic review of 31 MR studies concerning 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality identified from biomedical databases. MR analyses were conducted almost exclusively in European-ancestry populations and identified no statistically significant associations between higher genetically predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lower risk for total cancer or colorectal, breast, prostate, lung, or pancreatic cancers. In recent studies including ≥80 genetic IVs for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, null associations were reported for total cancer (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1-standard deviation increase: 0.98 [0.93-1.04]), breast (1.00 [0.98-1.02]), colorectal (0.97 [0.88-1.07]), prostate (0.99 [0.98-1.01]), and lung cancer (1.00 [0.93-1.03]). A protective association was observed for ovarian cancer in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (0.78 [0.63-0.96] per 20 nmol/L increase, p-trend = 0.03), but not in the UK Biobank (1.10 [0.80-1.51]). Null associations were reported for other tumor sites (bladder, endometrium, uterus, esophagus, oral cavity and pharynx, kidney, liver, thyroid, or neural cells). An inconsistent protective association for cancer-specific mortality was also observed. Results from MR analyses do not support causal associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk for cancer incidence or mortality. Studies including non-White populations may be valuable to understand low 25-hydroxyvitamin D as a modifiable risk factor in populations with a higher risk of common cancers, including African ancestry individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Xiao C, Zhu Q, Comer L, Pan X, Everaert N, Schroyen M, Song B, Song Z. Dietary 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol and additional vitamin E improve bone development and antioxidant capacity in high-density stocking broilers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad369. [PMID: 37933958 PMCID: PMC10642724 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D3] and additional vitamin E on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, bone development, and carcass characteristics at different stocking densities on commercial broiler farms. A total of 118,800 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial treatment consisting of two dietary vitamin levels (5,500 IU vitamin D3 and 60 IU vitamin E: normal diet, using half 25-(OH)D3 as a source of vitamin D3 and an additional 60 IU of vitamin E: 25-(OH)D3+VE diet) and two stocking densities (high density of 20 chickens/m2: HD and 16 chickens/m2: LD). The experiment lasted for 42 d. The results showed that high-density stocking negatively affected the growth performance of broilers during the first four weeks, whereas the vitamin diet treatment significantly improved the feed conversion ratios (FCR) during the last 2 wk. Vitamin diets increased catalase at 14 and 42 d, and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels at 42 d in high-density-stocked broilers. The interaction showed that serum vitamin E levels were significantly improved at 28 d of age in high-density-stocked broilers as a result of the vitamin diets. Stocking density and dietary treatments were found to significantly affect bone development, with the vitamin diet significantly increasing metatarsal length and femoral bone strength in broilers from high-density stocking density at 28 d of age. High stocking density increased the proportion of leg muscles and meat yield per square meter. In general, 25-(OH)D3 and additional vitamin E suppressed oxidative stress and ameliorated the negative effects of high-density stocking on bone development in a commercial chicken farm setting. Vitamin diets improved the FCR of broilers, while high-density stocking resulted in better economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000. China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Qijiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000. China
| | - Luke Comer
- Nutrition and Animal Microbiota Ecosystems lab, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000. China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000. China
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Bochen Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000. China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271000. China
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18
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Cherrie JW, Cherrie MPC. Workplace exposure to UV radiation and strategies to minimize cancer risk. Br Med Bull 2022; 144:45-56. [PMID: 35973164 PMCID: PMC9744745 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) causes malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The evidence for beneficial effects of solar UV exposure in reducing the risks for other cancers is increasing. The intensity of UV radiation at the Earth's surface is dependent on latitude, but even in northern European countries exposure can be high enough for outdoor work to cause skin cancer. GROWING POINTS Awareness of the health risks and benefits of occupational solar UV exposure is poor. Actions to reduce the risk of skin cancer have been identified and employers should recognize their responsibility to actively manage these risks. There is evidence for reduced risks for breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer and possibly other cancers linked to solar UV exposure. SOURCES OF DATA This narrative review draws on published scientific articles and material designed to assist identifying strategies to protect workers from solar UV exposure. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Solar UV exposure can be harmful. Wavelengths in the UVB range are more effective in causing erythema and DNA damage. Solar UV is the main source of vitamin D for most people. Primary and secondary prevention for skin cancer can potentially eliminate these risks but the evidence for effectiveness is limited. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Potential health benefits of UV exposure, particularly for reduced cancer risk. Determining and communicating optimal exposure to maximize health benefits. The risk of non-melanoma skin cancers may be more than doubled for some workers in temperate latitudes. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Exposure-response epidemiological studies; studies of the health benefits of occupational UV exposure; studies of the effectiveness of intervention strategies to prevent skin cancer. Use of low-cost UV sensors in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Cherrie
- IOM, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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19
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Hyppönen E, Vimaleswaran KS, Zhou A. Genetic Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Their Relevance to Public Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:4408. [PMID: 36297091 PMCID: PMC9606877 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin studies suggest a considerable genetic contribution to the variability in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, reporting heritability estimates up to 80% in some studies. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest notably lower rates (13−16%), they have identified many independent variants that associate with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. These discoveries have provided some novel insight into the metabolic pathway, and in this review we outline findings from GWAS studies to date with a particular focus on 35 variants which have provided replicating evidence for an association with 25(OH)D across independent large-scale analyses. Some of the 25(OH)D associating variants are linked directly to the vitamin D metabolic pathway, while others may reflect differences in storage capacity, lipid metabolism, and pathways reflecting skin properties. By constructing a genetic score including these 25(OH)D associated variants we show that genetic differences in 25(OH)D concentrations persist across the seasons, and the odds of having low concentrations (<50 nmol/L) are about halved for individuals in the highest 20% of vitamin D genetic score compared to the lowest quintile, an impact which may have notable influences on retaining adequate levels. We also discuss recent studies on personalized approaches to vitamin D supplementation and show how Mendelian randomization studies can help inform public health strategies to reduce adverse health impacts of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- The Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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20
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Is Vitamin D Deficiency the Cause or the Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8689777. [PMID: 36189146 PMCID: PMC9519279 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8689777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Observational studies have reported that it is associated with SLE. In this bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we explored the genetic association between serum vitamin D (VD) levels and SLE using two models. Methods Genetic variants associated with vitamin D (n = 304,181), 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (n = 401,460), and SLE (n = 213,683) at genome-wide significance (P < 5∗10−8) derived from large-scale publicly available GWAS data were used as instrumental variables. Bidirectional two-sample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW, random, or fixed effect model). Sensitivity analyses including maximum likelihood, MR-Egger method, penalized weighted median method, MR-PRESSO, MR-RAPS, and MR-radial method were conducted. Results The findings showed that genetically predicted SLE using the IVW method had a negative effect on the vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the two models. The results of sensitivity analyses of different analytical approaches were consistent. Conclusions These findings indicated that genetically determined SLE had a negative effect on the vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Future studies, including random controlled clinical trials, should evaluate the association and mechanisms between serum VD levels and SLE.
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21
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Piatek K, Schepelmann M, Kallay E. The Effect of Vitamin D and Its Analogs in Ovarian Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183867. [PMID: 36145244 PMCID: PMC9501475 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in women, due to its heterogeneity and usually late diagnosis. The current first-line therapies of debulking surgery and intensive chemotherapy cause debilitating side effects. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need to find new and effective therapies with fewer side effects, or adjuvant therapies, which could reduce the necessary doses of chemotherapeutics. Vitamin D is one of the main regulators of serum calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, but it has also anticancer effects. It induces differentiation and apoptosis, reduces proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells. However, doses that would be effective against cancer cause hypercalcemia. For this reason, synthetic and less calcemic analogs have been developed and tested in terms of their anticancer effect. The anticancer role of vitamin D is best understood in colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer and much less research has been done in ovarian cancer. In this review, we thus summarize the studies on the role of vitamin D and its analogs in vitro and in vivo in ovarian cancer models.
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22
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Grant WB, Boucher BJ, Al Anouti F, Pilz S. Comparing the Evidence from Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials for Nonskeletal Health Effects of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183811. [PMID: 36145186 PMCID: PMC9501276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies of health outcomes generally suggest beneficial effects with, or following, higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have generally not supported those findings. Here we review results from observational studies and RCTs regarding how vitamin D status affects several nonskeletal health outcomes, including Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, all-cause mortality, respiratory tract infections, and pregnancy outcomes. We also consider relevant findings from ecological, Mendelian randomization, and mechanistic studies. Although clear discrepancies exist between findings of observational studies and RCTs on vitamin D and human health benefits these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Bias and confounding are seen in observational studies and vitamin D RCTs have several limitations, largely due to being designed like RCTs of therapeutic drugs, thereby neglecting vitamin D’s being a nutrient with a unique metabolism that requires specific consideration in trial design. Thus, RCTs of vitamin D can fail for several reasons: few participants’ having low baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, relatively small vitamin D doses, participants’ having other sources of vitamin D, and results being analyzed without consideration of achieved 25(OH)D concentrations. Vitamin D status and its relevance for health outcomes can usefully be examined using Hill’s criteria for causality in a biological system from results of observational and other types of studies before further RCTs are considered and those findings would be useful in developing medical and public health policy, as they were for nonsmoking policies. A promising approach for future RCT design is adjustable vitamin D supplementation based on interval serum 25(OH)D concentrations to achieve target 25(OH)D levels suggested by findings from observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara J. Boucher
- The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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23
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Liu H, Shen X, Yu T, Wang Y, Cai S, Jiang X, Cai X. A putative causality of vitamin D in common diseases: A mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:938356. [PMID: 35983488 PMCID: PMC9378956 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.938356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Vitamin D is considered as a nutrient protecting individuals against an array of diseases based on observational studies. Such a protective effect, however, has not been demonstrated by randomized controlled trials. This study aims to explore a putative causal role of vitamin D in common diseases through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Methods Circulating vitamin D was predicted by 41 genetic variants discovered in European populations. Common diseases were verified through two ways, using information from Japanese patients of Biobank Japan and using information from European patients of FinnGen project. We additionally validated the results by replacing vitamin D-associated instrumental variables (IVs) of European population with that of an independent Japanese population and of an independent Indian population. Inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analytical approach while a series of MR methods including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, maximum likelihood, MR-PRESSO and multivariate MR were adopted to guarantee MR model assumptions and to detect horizontal pleiotropy. Results Genetically predicted vitamin D was significantly associated with an increased risk of Graves' disease (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.25-2.33, P = 0.001) and cataract (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.03-1.28, P = 0.016); while with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.46-0.93, P = 0.019). This significant causal link between vitamin D and cataract was validated replacing IVs identified in the European population with those from Japanese population. No notable associations of vitamin D with other diseases were observed. Conclusions Our findings indicate a potential causal role of vitamin D in common diseases, which needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudan Shen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tunan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Ali S, Pham H, Waterhouse M, Baxter C, Romero BD, McLeod DSA, Armstrong BK, Ebeling PR, English DR, Hartel G, van der Pols JC, Venn AJ, Webb PM, Whiteman DC, Neale RE. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of keratinocyte cancer - an exploratory analysis of the D-Health Randomised Controlled Trial. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:667-675. [PMID: 35789991 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D may play a role in prevention of keratinocyte cancer (KC), but observational studies examining the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration and KC are largely uninformative because sun exposure causes both KC and vitamin D production. There is scant evidence from clinical trials of supplementary vitamin D. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of developing KC. METHODS We used data from the D-Health Trial, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation (60,000 IU monthly for 5 years) among Australians aged ≥60 years. KC outcomes were captured through linkage to a national administrative dataset for those who consented (N=20,334; 95%). We used negative binomial regression to analyse the incidence of KC excisions and the incidence of actinic lesions treated using cryotherapy or serial curettage, and flexible parametric survival models for analysis of time to first KC excision. RESULTS Randomisation to vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of KC lesions treated by excision [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.04; 95% CI 0.98 - 1.11], the incidence of actinic lesions treated using other methods (IRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.95 - 1.08), or time to first histologically confirmed KC excision (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.97 - 1.08). However, in subgroup analysis vitamin D increased the incidence of KC excisions in adults aged ≥70 years (IRR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.23. p-value for interaction 0.01). CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of KC or other actinic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitwat Ali
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hai Pham
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary Waterhouse
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Baxter
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Briony Duarte Romero
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney and School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Vitamin D and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers: Results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’) Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132561. [PMID: 35807746 PMCID: PMC9268452 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a higher risk of several types of cancer, grouped as obesity-related cancers (ORC). Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in obese subjects, and it has been suggested to play a role in the association between obesity and cancer risk. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between vitamin D intake and the subsequent risk of ORC in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project, initiated in 1999, is a prospective dynamic multipurpose cohort. Participants answered a 556-item lifestyle baseline questionnaire that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We performed Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of ORC according to quartiles of energy-adjusted vitamin D intake (diet and supplements). We included 18,017 participants (mean age = 38 years, SD = 12 years), with a median follow-up of 12 years. Among 206,783 person-years of follow-up, we identified 225 cases of ORC. We found no significant associations between vitamin D intake and ORC risk after adjusting for potential confounders: HRQ2vsQ1 = 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.75), HRQ3vsQ1 = 1.20 (95% CI 0.81–1.78), and HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.02 (95% CI 0.69–1.51). Dietary and supplemented vitamin D do not seem to be associated with ORC prevention in the middle-aged Spanish population.
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26
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Vitamin D Status and Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060790. [PMID: 35741675 PMCID: PMC9221008 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural instability. Furthermore, PD is associated with a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms that add to overall disability. In recent years, some investigations, from basic science to clinical applications, have focused on the role of vitamin D in PD, often with controversial findings. Vitamin D has widespread effects on several biological processes in the central nervous system, including neurotransmission in dopaminergic neural circuits. Various studies have recorded lower levels of vitamin D in PD patients than in healthy controls. Low vitamin D status has also been correlated with the risk for PD and motor severity, whereas less is known about the effects vitamin D has on cognitive function and other non-motor symptoms. This review aims to better characterize the correlation between vitamin D and PD, clarify the role of vitamin D in PD prevention and treatment, and discuss avenues for future research in this field.
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27
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Keum N, Chen QY, Lee DH, Manson JE, Giovannucci E. Vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality by daily vs. infrequent large-bolus dosing strategies: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:872-878. [PMID: 35676320 PMCID: PMC9427835 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation may vary by dosing strategies and adiposity. To address such heterogeneity, we performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation and total cancer outcomes. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched through January 2022. Summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. RESULTS For total cancer incidence (12 trials), the SRR for vitamin D supplementation vs. control group was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.03; P = 0.54; I2 = 0%). No significant association was observed regardless of whether the supplement was given daily or infrequently in a large-bolus. Yet, among trials testing daily supplementation, a significant inverse association was observed among normal-weight individuals (SRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90; P = 0.001, I2 = 0%), but not among overweight or obese individuals (Pheterogeneity = 0.02). For total cancer mortality (six trials), the SRR was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82-1.03; P = 0.17; I2 = 33%). A significant inverse association emerged (SRR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96; P = 0.007; I2 = 0%) among studies testing daily supplementations but not among studies that testing infrequent large-bolus supplementations (Pheterogeneity = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS For vitamin D supplementation, daily dosing, but not infrequent large-bolus dosing, reduced total cancer mortality. For total cancer incidence, bolus dosing did not reduce the risk and the benefits of daily dosing were limited to normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Keum
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea. .,Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Q-Y Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - J E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - E Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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28
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Hu J, Xu Z, Ye Z, Li J, Hao Z, Wang Y. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 12:541-556. [PMID: 35637613 PMCID: PMC9844622 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk remains controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was aimed to determine the association between SNPs and OC risk. METHODS Several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang databases, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine disc) were searched to summarize the association between SNPs and OC published throughout April 2021. Direct meta-analysis was used to identify SNPs that could predict the incidence of OC. Ranking probability resulting from network meta-analysis and the Thakkinstian's algorithm was used to select the most appropriate gene model. The false positive report probability (FPRP) and Venice criteria were further tested for credible relationships. Subgroup analysis was also carried out to explore whether there are racial differences. RESULTS A total of 63 genes and 92 SNPs were included in our study after careful consideration. Fok1 rs2228570 is likely a dominant risk factor for the development of OC compared to other selected genes. The dominant gene model of Fok1 rs2228570 (pooled OR = 1.158, 95% CI: 1.068-1.256) was determined to be the most suitable model with a FPRP <0.2 and moderate credibility. CONCLUSIONS Fok1 rs2228570 is closely linked to OC risk, and the dominant gene model is likely the most appropriate model for estimating OC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Research Center of Digestive DiseaseThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhuomiao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jin Li
- Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhinan Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Research Center of Digestive DiseaseThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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29
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Daniel N, Bouras E, Tsilidis KK, Hughes DJ. Genetically Predicted Circulating Concentrations of Micronutrients and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:842315. [PMID: 35558754 PMCID: PMC9085481 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.842315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which since 2019 has caused over 5 million deaths to date. The pathogenicity of the virus is highly variable ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Evidence from experimental and observational studies suggests that circulating micronutrients may affect COVID-19 outcomes. Objectives To complement and inform observational studies, we investigated the associations of genetically predicted concentrations of 12 micronutrients (β-carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and zinc) with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Two-sample MR was conducted using 87,870 individuals of European descent with a COVID-19 diagnosis and 2,210,804 controls from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative. Inverse variance-weighted MR analyses were performed with sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions. Results Compared to the general population, nominally significant associations were noted for higher genetically predicted vitamin B-6 (Odds ratio per standard deviation [ORSD]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.13; p-value = 0.036) and lower magnesium concentrations (ORSD: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.96; P = 0.042) with COVID-19 infection risk. However, the association for magnesium was not consistent in some sensitivity analyses, and sensitivity analyses could not be performed for vitamin B-6 as only two genetic instruments were available. Genetically predicted levels of calcium, folate, β-carotene, copper, iron, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, selenium, phosphorus, or zinc were not associated with the outcomes from COVID-19 disease. Conclusion These results, though based only on genetically predicated circulating micronutrient concentrations, provide scant evidence for possible associations of micronutrients with COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Daniel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Wang X, Glubb DM, O'Mara TA. 10 Years of GWAS discovery in endometrial cancer: Aetiology, function and translation. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103895. [PMID: 35219087 PMCID: PMC8881374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is a common gynaecological cancer with increasing incidence and mortality. In the last decade, endometrial cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided a resource to explore aetiology and for functional interpretation of heritable risk variation, informing endometrial cancer biology. Indeed, GWAS data have been used to assess relationships with other traits through correlation and Mendelian randomisation analyses, establishing genetic relationships and potential risk factors. Cross-trait GWAS analyses have increased statistical power and identified novel endometrial cancer risk variation related to other traits. Functional analysis of risk loci has helped prioritise candidate susceptibility genes, revealing molecular mechanisms and networks. Lastly, risk scores generated using endometrial cancer GWAS data may allow for clinical translation through identification of patients at high risk of disease. In the next decade, this knowledge base should enable substantial progress in our understanding of endometrial cancer and, potentially, new approaches for its screening and treatment.
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. How competing risks affect the epidemiological relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer incidence? A population-based study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14410. [PMID: 35229338 PMCID: PMC9540471 DOI: 10.1111/and.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that controversial results regarding the epidemiological relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, and risk of prostate cancer (PCA) incidence are partly due to competing risks. To test the hypothesis, we studied associations across 25(OH)D, PCA and death in 2578 middle-aged men belonging to the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The men were free of cancer at baseline, and the mean (SD) follow-up time was 23.3 (9.1) years. During this period, 296 men had a PCA diagnosis, and 1448 men died without the PCA diagnosis. The absolute risk of developing PCA was highest in the highest 25(OH)D tertile (15%), whereas that of death was highest in the lowest 25(OH)D tertile (67%). A competing risk analysis showed that belonging to the highest 25(OH)D tertile increased the risk of PCA incidence and improved survival with the respective hazard ratios (HR) of 1.35 (95% CI = 1.07-1.70) and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.71-0.89). Adjusting for 10 covariates together with 25(OH)D did not significantly change the results, but the respective adjusted HRs for PCA and death were 1.20 and 0.87. To conclude, the competing risk analysis did not eliminate the direct relationship between 25(OH)D and PCA but rather strengthened it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Dursun E, Gezen-Ak D, Jude EB, Karonova T, Pludowski P. A Narrative Review of the Evidence for Variations in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Thresholds for Optimal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030639. [PMID: 35276999 PMCID: PMC8838864 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 has many important health benefits. Unfortunately, these benefits are not widely known among health care personnel and the general public. As a result, most of the world’s population has serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations far below optimal values. This narrative review examines the evidence for the major causes of death including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 with regard to sub-optimal 25(OH)D concentrations. Evidence for the beneficial effects comes from a variety of approaches including ecological and observational studies, studies of mechanisms, and Mendelian randomization studies. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally considered the strongest form of evidence for pharmaceutical drugs, the study designs and the conduct of RCTs performed for vitamin D have mostly been flawed for the following reasons: they have been based on vitamin D dose rather than on baseline and achieved 25(OH)D concentrations; they have involved participants with 25(OH)D concentrations above the population mean; they have given low vitamin D doses; and they have permitted other sources of vitamin D. Thus, the strongest evidence generally comes from the other types of studies. The general finding is that optimal 25(OH)D concentrations to support health and wellbeing are above 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality rate, whereas the thresholds for several other outcomes appear to range up to 40 or 50 ng/mL. The most efficient way to achieve these concentrations is through vitamin D supplementation. Although additional studies are warranted, raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations to optimal concentrations will result in a significant reduction in preventable illness and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-409-1980
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Barbara J. Boucher
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E12AT, UK;
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey; (E.D.); (D.G.-A.)
| | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey; (E.D.); (D.G.-A.)
| | - Edward B. Jude
- Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Fountain Street, Ashton-under-Lyne OL6 9RW, UK;
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Tatiana Karonova
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04730 Warsaw, Poland;
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Yang S, Zhi H, Sun Y, Wang L. Circulating Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:837207. [PMID: 35419390 PMCID: PMC8996811 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.837207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and atrial fibrillation (AF) risks. Methods Data on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and AF outcome were obtained from a UK Biobank study, SUNLIGHT consortium, and the latest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies GWASs with six independent cohorts, respectively. MR analysis was performed to obtain the estimates, followed by the use of inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, maximum likelihood, MR-egger method, and MR-PRESSO methods. Results The IVW estimate showed that genetically predicted vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were not causally associated with the risk of AF with two models. The association was consistent in complementary analyses. Conclusions Our MR finding suggested that no genetic evidence of serum vitamin D levels was significantly associated with AF risk. Further researches are necessary to explore the potential role and mechanisms of circulating serum vitamin D levels on AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Zhalongkou Community Healthcare Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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McGrowder D, Tulloch-Reid MK, Coard KCM, McCaw-Binns AM, Ferguson TS, Aiken W, Harrison L, Anderson SG, Jackson MD. Vitamin D Deficiency at Diagnosis Increases All-Cause and Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality in Jamaican Men. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221131225. [PMID: 36180132 PMCID: PMC9527998 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221131225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum calcium have been associated with incident prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is limited data on whether these metabolites predict survival in men of African descent, a population disproportionately affected by PCa. We studied the relationship of 25(OH)D at PCa diagnosis with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among Jamaican men and examined whether serum calcium modified any associations. Methods Serum 25(OH)D from 152 Jamaican men with incident PCa within the Prostate Cancer Risk Evaluation (PROSCARE) study were re-evaluated approximately 11 years after enrollment. 25(OH)D analyses were stratified using the using Holick criteria. PCa-specific and all-cause mortality were examined in Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and Gleason score. Restricted cubic splines evaluated nonlinear associations. Serum calcium was assessed as an effect modifier of the association between 25(OH)D and mortality. Results Of cases with available 25(OH)D, 64 men with PCa survived, 38 deaths were PCa specific and 36 died of other causes. At baseline, 9.9% of cases were vitamin D deficient and 61.2% were vitamin D sufficient. Compared to 25(OH)D sufficient men, those with 25(OH)D <20.0 ng/mL concentrations were associated with higher PCa-specific mortality (adjusted HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.68, 14.63, P = .004) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.40; 95%CI, 1.33, 4. 32, P = .003). Serum calcium was not associated with survival and did not modify any associations with 25(OH)D. Conclusions 25(OH)D deficiency at PCa diagnosis predicted decreased survival for overall and PCa-specific cancer in Caribbean men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 462834The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Kathleen C M Coard
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 462834The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Afette M McCaw-Binns
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Trevor S Ferguson
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - William Aiken
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia, & Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | | | - Simon G Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Maria D Jackson
- Department of Community Health & Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Qiu S, Li M, Jin S, Lu H, Hu Y. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:745224. [PMID: 34745219 PMCID: PMC8567962 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant genetic association exists between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular disease. The associated mechanisms include common inflammatory mediators, changes in lipoprotein composition and function, immune responses, etc. However, the causality of RA and vascular/heart problems remains unknown. Herein, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a large-scale RA genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset (462,933 cases and 457,732 controls) and six cardio-cerebrovascular disease GWAS datasets, including age angina (461,880 cases and 447,052 controls), hypertension (461,880 cases and 337,653 controls), age heart attack (10,693 cases and 451,187 controls), abnormalities of heartbeat (461,880 cases and 361,194 controls), stroke (7,055 cases and 454,825 controls), and coronary heart disease (361,194 cases and 351,037 controls) from United Kingdom biobank. We further carried out heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. We confirmed the causality of RA with age angina (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.33, p = 1.07E−02), hypertension (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75, p = 9.64E−05), age heart attack (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26, p = 3.56E−03), abnormalities of heartbeat (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, p = 1.49E−02), stroke (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, p = 2.79E−02), and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, p = 3.33E−02), contributing to the understanding of the overlapping genetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches between RA and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Meijie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshan Jin
- General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Vitamin D and the risk for cancer: A molecular analysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114735. [PMID: 34411566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled overgrowth of cells, such as in cancer, is an unavoidable risk in life that affects nearly every second individual in industrialized countries. However, in part this risk can be controlled through lifestyle adjustments, such as the avoidance of smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity and other cancer risk factors. A low vitaminD status is a risk in particular for cancers of colon, prostate, breast and leukocytes. VitaminD3 is produced non-enzymatically, when the cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is exposed to UV-B from sunlight, i.e., all cholesterol synthesizing species, including humans, can make vitaminD3. VitaminD endocrinology started some 550million years ago, when the metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 and the transcription factor vitaminD receptor teamed up for regulating the expression of hundreds of target genes in a multitude of different tissues and cell types. Initially, these genes were focused on the control of energy homeostasis, which later also involved energy-demanding innate and adaptive immunity. Rapidly growing cells of the immune system as well as those of malignant tumors rely on comparable genes and pathways, some of which are modulated by vitaminD. Accordingly, vitaminD has anti-cancer effects both directly via controling the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells as well as indirectly through regulating immune cells that belong to the microenvironment of malignant tumors. This review discusses effects of vitaminD on the epigenome and transcriptome of stromal and tumor cells, inter-individual variations in vitaminD responsiveness and their relation to the prevention and possible therapy of cancer.
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Guo JZ, Xiao Q, Gao S, Li XQ, Wu QJ, Gong TT. Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies on Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681396. [PMID: 34458137 PMCID: PMC8385140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological cancers worldwide. Previous observational epidemiological studies have revealed associations between modifiable environmental risk factors and OC risk. However, these studies are prone to confounding, measurement error, and reverse causation, undermining robust causal inference. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis has been established as a reliable method to investigate the causal relationship between risk factors and diseases using genetic variants to proxy modifiable exposures. Over recent years, MR analysis in OC research has received extensive attention, providing valuable insights into the etiology of OC as well as holding promise for identifying potential therapeutic interventions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key principles and assumptions of MR analysis. Published MR studies focusing on the causality between different risk factors and OC risk are summarized, along with comprehensive analysis of the method and its future applications. The results of MR studies on OC showed that higher BMI and height, earlier age at menarche, endometriosis, schizophrenia, and higher circulating β-carotene and circulating zinc levels are associated with an increased risk of OC. In contrast, polycystic ovary syndrome; vitiligo; higher circulating vitamin D, magnesium, and testosterone levels; and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition are associated with a reduced risk of OC. MR analysis presents a2 valuable approach to understanding the causality between different risk factors and OC after full consideration of its inherent assumptions and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zeng Guo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Schepisi G, Gianni C, Bleve S, De Padova S, Menna C, Lolli C, Filograna A, Conteduca V, Urbini M, Gallà V, Casadei C, Rosti G, De Giorgi U. Vitamin D Deficiency in Testicular Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5145. [PMID: 34067977 PMCID: PMC8152282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent tumor in young males. In the vast majority of cases, it is a curable disease; therefore, very often patients experience a long survival, also due to their young age at diagnosis. In the last decades, the role of the vitamin D deficiency related to orchiectomy has become an increasingly debated topic. Indeed, vitamin D is essential in bone metabolism and many other metabolic pathways, so its deficiency could lead to various metabolic disorders especially in long-term TC survivors. In our article, we report data from studies that evaluated the incidence of hypovitaminosis D in TC survivors compared with cohorts of healthy peers and we discuss molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Caterina Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Sara Bleve
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Silvia De Padova
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Alessia Filograna
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Valentina Gallà
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Giovanni Rosti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.G.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (C.L.); (A.F.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.R.); (U.D.G.)
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