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Johnson SD, Pilli N, Yu J, Knight LA, Kane MA, Byrareddy SN. Dual role for microbial short-chain fatty acids in modifying SIV disease trajectory following anti-α4β7 antibody administration. Ann Med 2024; 56:2315224. [PMID: 38353210 PMCID: PMC10868432 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2315224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection is associated with significant gut damage, similar to that observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This pathology includes loss of epithelial integrity, microbial translocation, dysbiosis, and resultant chronic immune activation. Additionally, the levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) are dramatically attenuated. Data on the therapeutic use of anti-α4β7 antibodies has shown promise in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recent evidence has suggested that the microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites it generates may be critical for anti-α4β7 efficacy and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine whether the microbiome contributes to gut homeostasis after anti-α4β7 antibody administered to SIV-infected rhesus macaques, faecal SCFA concentrations were determined, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, plasma viral loads were determined, plasma retinoids were measured longitudinally, and gut retinoid synthesis/response gene expression was quantified. RESULTS Our results suggest that anti-α4β7 antibody facilitates the return of retinoid metabolism to baseline levels after SIV infection. Furthermore, faecal SCFAs were shown to be associated with retinoid synthesis gene expression and rebound viral loads after therapy interruption. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of anti-α4β7 antibody administration during HIV/SIV infection and that the efficacy of anti-α4β7 antibody may depend on microbiome composition and SCFA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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2
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Liu YH, Chen J, Chen X, Liu H. Factors of faecal microbiota transplantation applied to cancer management. J Drug Target 2024; 32:101-114. [PMID: 38174845 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2299724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the microbiota is essential for human health. In particular, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune system. Thus, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a technology that has rapidly developed in the last decade, has specifically been utilised for the treatment of intestinal inflammation and has recently been found to be able to treat tumours in combination with immunotherapy. FMT has become a breakthrough in enhancing the response rate to immunotherapy in cancer patients by altering the composition of the patient's gut microbiota. This review discusses the mechanisms of faecal microorganism effects on tumour development, drug treatment efficacy, and adverse effects and describes the recent clinical research trials on FMT. Moreover, the factors influencing the efficacy and safety of FMT are described. We summarise the possibilities of faecal transplantation in the treatment of tumours and its complications and propose directions to explore the development of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Ortiz AM, Brenchley JM. Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024:01222929-990000000-00101. [PMID: 38935047 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primate microbiome consists of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses that dynamically shape and respond to host health and disease. Understanding how the symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiome responds to HIV has implications for therapeutic design. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in microbiome identification technologies have expanded our ability to identify constituents of the microbiome and to infer their functional capacity. The dual use of these technologies and animal models has allowed interrogation into the role of the microbiome in lentiviral acquisition, vaccine efficacy, and the response to antiretrovirals. Lessons learned from such studies are now being harnessed to design microbiome-based interventions. SUMMARY Previous studies considering the role of the microbiome in people living with HIV largely described viral acquisition as an intrusion on the host:microbiome interface. Re-framing this view to consider HIV as a novel, albeit unwelcome, component of the microbiome may better inform the research and development of pre and postexposure prophylaxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Ortiz
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Brenchley JM, Serrano-Villar S. From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38907315 PMCID: PMC11193286 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, the majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely correlative and serve primarily as a basis for hypothesis generation. Furthermore, most have focused on characterizing the taxonomic composition of the bacterial component, often overlooking other levels of the microbiome. The intricate mechanisms by which the microbiota influences immune responses to HIV are still poorly understood. Interventional studies on gut microbiota provide a powerful tool to test the hypothesis of whether we can harness the microbiota to improve health outcomes in people with HIV. RESULTS Here, we review the multifaceted role of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. We explore the complex interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based therapeutics to open new avenues in HIV management. These include exploring the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted dietary modifications. We also address the challenges inherent in this research area, such as the difficulty in inducing long-lasting microbiome alterations and the complexities of study designs, including variations in probiotic strains, donor selection for FMT, antibiotic conditioning regimens, and the hurdles in translating findings into clinical practice. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the need for a more granular understanding of microbiome-immune interactions, the development of personalized microbiome-based therapies, and the application of novel technologies to identify potential therapeutic agents. CONCLUSIONS Our review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Lab of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MA, USA.
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS and CIBERInfec, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Bulnes R, Utay NS. Therapeutic microbiome modulation: new frontiers in HIV treatment. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024:01222929-990000000-00097. [PMID: 38874442 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dysbiosis may be a key driver of systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of non-AIDS events in people living with HIV (PLWH). Modulation of the microbiome to reverse this dysbiosis may be a novel approach to decrease inflammation and therefore morbidity and mortality in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and dietary modifications have the potential to modulate the microbiome. These interventions have been well tolerated in clinical trials to date. However, these interventions have not resulted in consistent or lasting changes to the microbiome or consistent changes in biomarkers of intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, inflammation, immune activation, or CD4+ T cell counts. Sustained engraftment may require prebiotics and/or dietary modifications added to either probiotics or FMT. SUMMARY Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate whether microbiome modulation can be achieved and impact systemic inflammation in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Bulnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Trøseid M, Nielsen SD, Vujkovic-Cvijin I. Gut microbiome and cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38877521 PMCID: PMC11177534 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have increased relative risk of inflammatory-driven comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiome could be one of several driving factors, along with traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors such as coinfections, ART toxicity, and past immunodeficiency. RESULTS PLWH have an altered gut microbiome, even after adjustment for known confounding factors including sexual preference. The HIV-related microbiome has been associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, and shares features with CVD-related microbiota profiles, in particular reduced capacity for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation. Substantial inter-individual variation has so far been an obstacle for applying microbiota profiles for risk stratification. This review covers updated knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of the gut microbiome and comorbidities in PLWH, with specific focus on cardiometabolic comorbidities and inflammation. It covers a comprehensive overview of HIV-related and comorbidity-related dysbiosis, microbial translocation, and microbiota-derived metabolites. It also contains recent data from studies in PLWH on circulating metabolites related to comorbidities and underlying gut microbiota alterations, including circulating levels of the SCFA propionate, the histidine-analogue imidazole propionate, and the protective metabolite indole-3-propionic acid. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent advances, the gut microbiome and related metabolites are not yet established as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The review gives directions for future research needed to advance the field into clinical practice, including promises and pitfalls for precision medicine. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen Oe, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Sahle Z, Engidaye G, Shenkute Gebreyes D, Adenew B, Abebe TA. Fecal microbiota transplantation and next-generation therapies: A review on targeting dysbiosis in metabolic disorders and beyond. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241257486. [PMID: 38826830 PMCID: PMC11143861 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241257486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, has emerged as a central determinant of health and disease. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial composition of the gut, is associated with a variety of metabolic and other diseases, highlighting the potential for microbiota-targeted treatments. Fecal microbiota transplantation has received considerable attention as a promising therapy to modulate the gut microbiome and restore microbial homeostasis. However, challenges remain, including standardization, safety, and long-term efficacy. This review summarizes current knowledge on fecal microbiota transplantation and describes the next generation therapies targeting microbiome. This review looked at the mechanistic understanding of fecal microbiota transplantation and alternative strategies, elucidating their potential role in improving dysbiosis-associated metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and type 2 diabetes and others. Additionally, this review discussed the growing application of therapies targeting the gut microbiome. Insights from clinical trials, preclinical studies, and emerging technologies provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of microbiome-based interventions. Through a critical assessment of current advances and prospects, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting gut microbiome and pave the way for innovative approaches in precision medicine and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenawork Sahle
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Getabalew Engidaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Demissew Shenkute Gebreyes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Behailu Adenew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan Compressive Specialized Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Asfaw Abebe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Reygner J, Delannoy J, Barba-Goudiaby MT, Gasc C, Levast B, Gaschet E, Ferraris L, Paul S, Kapel N, Waligora-Dupriet AJ, Barbut F, Thomas M, Schwintner C, Laperrousaz B, Corvaïa N. Reduction of product composition variability using pooled microbiome ecosystem therapy and consequence in two infectious murine models. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0001624. [PMID: 38651930 PMCID: PMC11107171 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00016-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates the key role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease. The recent success of microbiotherapy products to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection has shed light on its potential in conditions associated with gut dysbiosis, such as acute graft-versus-host disease, intestinal bowel diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or even cancer. However, the difficulty in defining a "good" donor as well as the intrinsic variability of donor-derived products' taxonomic composition limits the translatability and reproducibility of these studies. Thus, the pooling of donors' feces has been proposed to homogenize product composition and achieve higher taxonomic richness and diversity. In this study, we compared the metagenomic profile of pooled products to corresponding single donor-derived products. We demonstrated that pooled products are more homogeneous, diverse, and enriched in beneficial bacteria known to produce anti-inflammatory short chain fatty acids compared to single donor-derived products. We then evaluated pooled products' efficacy compared to corresponding single donor-derived products in Salmonella and C. difficile infectious mouse models. We were able to demonstrate that pooled products decreased pathogenicity by inducing a structural change in the intestinal microbiota composition. Single donor-derived product efficacy was variable, with some products failing to control disease progression. We further performed in vitro growth inhibition assays of two extremely drug-resistant bacteria, Enterococcus faecium vanA and Klebsiella pneumoniae oxa48, supporting the use of pooled microbiotherapies. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the heterogeneity of donor-derived products is corrected by pooled fecal microbiotherapies in several infectious preclinical models.IMPORTANCEGrowing evidence demonstrates the key role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease. Recent Food and Drug Administration approval of fecal microbiotherapy products to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection has shed light on their potential to treat pathological conditions associated with gut dysbiosis. In this study, we combined metagenomic analysis with in vitro and in vivo studies to compare the efficacy of pooled microbiotherapy products to corresponding single donor-derived products. We demonstrate that pooled products are more homogeneous, diverse, and enriched in beneficial bacteria compared to single donor-derived products. We further reveal that pooled products decreased Salmonella and Clostridioides difficile pathogenicity in mice, while single donor-derived product efficacy was variable, with some products failing to control disease progression. Altogether, these findings support the development of pooled microbiotherapies to overcome donor-dependent treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Paul
- Team GIMAP, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Inserm, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nathalie Kapel
- UMR-S 1139, INSERM, Université Paris Cite, Paris, France
- Service de Coprologie fonctionnelle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Frederic Barbut
- UMR-S 1139, INSERM, Université Paris Cite, Paris, France
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridioides difficile, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Clostridioides difficile, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Thomas
- UMR1319, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Benech N, Cassir N, Galperine T, Alric L, Scanzi J, Sokol H. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Can Be the Best Therapeutic Option in Severely Immunocompromised Patients Depending on a Case-by-Case Assessment of the Benefit-to-Risk Ratio. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00487-6. [PMID: 38679396 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Benech
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon GEM Microbiota Study Group, Lyon, France; ESCMID Study Group for Host and Microbiota Interactions, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CRCL, Lyon, France
| | - Nadim Cassir
- Pôle Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Tatiana Galperine
- Services des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Alric
- Digestive Department, Internal Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse 3 University, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Scanzi
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier de Thiers, Thiers, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris FMT Center, Paris, France; Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine FHU, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux, Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Zhou J, Yang Y, Xie Z, Lu D, Huang J, Lan L, Guo B, Yang X, Wang Q, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Ai S, Liu N, Cui P, Liang H, Ye L, Huang J. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites during AIDS: implications for CD4 + T cell reduction and immune activation. AIDS 2024; 38:633-644. [PMID: 38061029 PMCID: PMC10942204 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying the gut microbiota associated with host immunity in the AIDS stage. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study. METHODS We recruited people with HIV (PWH) in the AIDS or non-AIDS stage and evaluated their gut microbiota and metabolites by using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Machine learning models were used to analyze the correlations between key bacteria and CD4 + T cell count, CD4 + T cell activation, bacterial translocation, gut metabolites, and KEGG functional pathways. RESULTS We recruited 114 PWH in the AIDS stage and 203 PWH in the non-AIDS stage. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was downregulated in the AIDS stage ( P < 0.05). Several machine learning models could be used to identify key gut microbiota associated with AIDS, including the logistic regression model with area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Brier scores of 0.854, 0.813, 0.813, and 0.160, respectively. The decreased key bacteria ASV1 ( Bacteroides sp.), ASV8 ( Fusobacterium sp.), ASV30 ( Roseburia sp.), ASV37 ( Bacteroides sp.), and ASV41 ( Lactobacillus sp.) in the AIDS stage were positively correlated with the CD4 + T cell count, the EndoCAb IgM level, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid abundance, and the predicted cell growth pathway, and negatively correlated with the CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR + T cell count and the sCD14 level. CONCLUSION Machine learning has the potential to recognize key gut microbiota related to AIDS. The key five bacteria in the AIDS stage and their metabolites might be related to CD4 + T cell reduction and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Yuecong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | | | - Dongjia Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | | | - Liuyang Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Baodong Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Xiping Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Xing Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Sufang Ai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning
| | | | - Ping Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
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11
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Pieren DKJ, Benítez-Martínez A, Genescà M. Targeting HIV persistence in the tissue. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:69-78. [PMID: 38169333 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The complex nature and distribution of the HIV reservoir in tissue of people with HIV remains one of the major obstacles to achieve the elimination of HIV persistence. Challenges include the tissue-specific states of latency and viral persistence, which translates into high levels of reservoir heterogeneity. Moreover, the best strategies to reach and eliminate these reservoirs may differ based on the intrinsic characteristics of the cellular and anatomical reservoir to reach. RECENT FINDINGS While major focus has been undertaken for lymphoid tissues and follicular T helper cells, evidence of viral persistence in HIV and non-HIV antigen-specific CD4 + T cells and macrophages resident in multiple tissues providing long-term protection presents new challenges in the quest for an HIV cure. Considering the microenvironments where these cellular reservoirs persist opens new venues for the delivery of drugs and immunotherapies to target these niches. New tools, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR screenings, mRNA technology or tissue organoids are quickly developing and providing detailed information about the complex nature of the tissue reservoirs. SUMMARY Targeting persistence in tissue reservoirs represents a complex but essential step towards achieving HIV cure. Combinatorial strategies, particularly during the early phases of infection to impact initial reservoirs, capable of reaching and reactivating multiple long-lived reservoirs in the body may lead the path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan K J Pieren
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Qiao NN, Fang Q, Zhang XH, Ke SS, Wang ZW, Tang G, Leng RX, Fan YG. Effects of alcohol on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota among people with HIV: a cross-sectional study. Alcohol 2024:S0741-8329(24)00019-3. [PMID: 38387693 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption is not uncommon among people with HIV (PWH) and may exacerbate HIV-induced intestinal damage, and further lead to dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. This study aimed to determine the changes in the faecal microbiota and its association with alcohol consumption in HIV-infected patients. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022, and 93 participants were recruited. To investigate the alterations of alcohol misuse on fecal microbiology in HIV-infected individuals, we performed 16s rDNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from the low to moderate drinking (n=21) and non-drinking (n=72) groups. RESULTS Comparison between groups using alpha and beta diversity showed that the diversity of stool microbiota in the low to moderate drinkinge group did not differ from that of the non-drinking group (all P>0.05). The Linear discriminant Analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm was to determine the bacterial taxa associated with alcohol consumption, and the results showed altered fecal bacterial composition in HIV-infected patients who consumed alcohol, with Coprobacillus, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Peptostreptococcaceae enriched, and Pasteurellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were depleted. In addition, by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional microbiome features were also found to be altered in the low to moderate drinking group, showing a reduction in metabolic pathways (P=0.036) and cardiovascular disease pathway (P=0.006). CONCLUSION Low to moderate drinking will change the composition, metabolism and cardiovascular disease pathway of the gut microbiota of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Su Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China.
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13
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Liu C, Cyphert EL, Stephen SJ, Wang B, Morales AL, Nixon JC, Natsoulas NR, Garcia M, Blazquez Carmona P, Vill AC, Donnelly EL, Brito IL, Vashishth D, Hernandez CJ. Microbiome-induced Increases and Decreases in Bone Tissue Strength can be Initiated After Skeletal Maturity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574074. [PMID: 38260539 PMCID: PMC10802367 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies in mice have indicated that the gut microbiome can regulate bone tissue strength. However, prior work involved modifications to the gut microbiome in growing animals and it is unclear if the same changes in the microbiome, applied later in life, would change matrix strength. Here we changed the composition of the gut microbiome before and/or after skeletal maturity (16 weeks of age) using oral antibiotics (ampicillin + neomycin). Male and female mice (n=143 total, n=12-17/group/sex) were allocated into five study groups:1) Unaltered, 2) Continuous (dosing 4-24 weeks of age), 3) Delayed (dosing only 16-24 weeks of age), 4) Initial (dosing 4-16 weeks of age, suspended at 16 weeks), and 5) Reconstituted (dosing from 4-16 weeks following by fecal microbiota transplant from Unaltered donors). Animals were euthanized at 24 weeks of age. In males, bone matrix strength in the femur was 25-35% less than expected from geometry in mice from the Continuous (p= 0.001), Delayed (p= 0.005), and Initial (p=0.040) groups as compared to Unaltered. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota, however, led to a bone matrix strength similar to Unaltered animals (p=0.929). In females, microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix strength followed the same trend as males but were not significantly different, demonstrating sex-related differences in the response of bone matrix to the gut microbiota. Minor differences in chemical composition of bone matrix were observed (Raman spectroscopy). Our findings indicate that microbiome-induced impairment of bone matrix in males can be initiated and/or reversed after skeletal maturity. The portion of the femoral cortical bone formed after skeletal maturity (16 weeks) is small; however, this suggests that microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix occur without osteoblast/osteoclast turnover using an, as of yet unidentified mechanism. These findings add to evidence that the mechanical properties of bone matrix can be altered in the adult skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Cyphert
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S J Stephen
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - B Wang
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - A L Morales
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J C Nixon
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
| | - N R Natsoulas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - A C Vill
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Donnelly
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - I L Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D Vashishth
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C J Hernandez
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
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14
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Ma J, Wen S, Dong A, Fan W, Kang Y. Gut Microbiome (Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses) and HIV Infection: Revealing Novel Treatment Strategies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300566. [PMID: 37867202 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of research on microbial-viral interactions has revealed that some commensal microorganisms in the gut, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can resist or promote viral infection, whereas other microorganisms are involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, the balance between commensal microorganisms and human organisms is a key factor for determining infection and disease progression, and commensal microorganisms have become a hot research area in the medical field. In this review, the compositional characteristics of gut microbiota (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) during HIV infection are reviewed and changes in gut microbiota among different HIV-infected populations are described. Furthermore, the latest progress of potential microbial therapeutic methods, including a) probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, b) fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), c) phage therapy, and d) antifungal strategy, microbial enzyme inhibition, and dietary therapeutics, is analyzed based on gut bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the field of HIV infection. This study aims to provide a useful reference for developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection based on commensal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aobo Dong
- Third Hospital of Baotou City, Baotou, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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15
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Kamer O, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Kaplan A, Yaskolka Meir A, Zelicha H, Knights D, Tuohy K, Fava F, Uwe Scholz M, Ziv O, Rubin E, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Ceglarek U, Clément K, Koren O, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Wang DD, Youngster I, Shai I. Successful weight regain attenuation by autologous fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with non-core gut microbiota changes during weight loss; randomized controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2264457. [PMID: 37796016 PMCID: PMC10557561 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2264457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that autologous-fecal-microbiota-transplantation (aFMT), following 6 m of lifestyle intervention, attenuated subsequent weight regain and insulin rebound for participants consuming a high-polyphenol green-Mediterranean diet. Here, we explored whether specific changes in the core (abundant) vs. non-core (low-abundance) gut microbiome taxa fractions during the weight-loss phase (0-6 m) were differentially associated with weight maintenance following aFMT. Eighty-two abdominally obese/dyslipidemic participants (age = 52 years; 6 m weightloss = -8.3 kg) who provided fecal samples (0 m, 6 m) were included. Frozen 6 m's fecal samples were processed into 1 g, opaque and odorless aFMT capsules. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 100 capsules containing their own fecal microbiota or placebo over 8 m-14 m in ten administrations (adherence rate > 90%). Gut microbiome composition was evaluated using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Non-core taxa were defined as ≤ 66% prevalence across participants. Overall, 450 species were analyzed. At baseline, 13.3% were classified as core, and Firmicutes presented the highest core proportion by phylum. During 6 m weight-loss phase, abundance of non-core species changed more than core species (P < .0001). Subject-specific changes in core and non-core taxa fractions were strongly correlated (Jaccard Index; r = 0.54; P < .001). Following aFMT treatment, only participants with a low 6 m change in core taxa, and a high change in non-core taxa, avoided 8-14 m weight regain (aFMT = -0.58 ± 2.4 kg, corresponding placebo group = 3.18 ± 3.5 kg; P = .02). In a linear regression model, low core/high non-core 6 m change was the only combination that was significantly associated with attenuated 8-14 m weight regain (P = .038; P = .002 for taxa patterns/treatment intervention interaction). High change in non-core, low-abundance taxa during weight-loss might mediate aFMT treatment success for weight loss maintenance.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kamer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, The International Center of Health, Innovation & Nutrition On the memory of Manya Igel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, The International Center of Health, Innovation & Nutrition On the memory of Manya Igel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, The International Center of Health, Innovation & Nutrition On the memory of Manya Igel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, The International Center of Health, Innovation & Nutrition On the memory of Manya Igel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, The International Center of Health, Innovation & Nutrition On the memory of Manya Igel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Knights
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Matthias Uwe Scholz
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Oren Ziv
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Elad Rubin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karine Clément
- Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, nutriOmicsn Research Unit, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Dong D. Wang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Pediatric Division and Center for Microbiome Research, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, The International Center of Health, Innovation & Nutrition On the memory of Manya Igel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Mullish BH, Tohumcu E, Porcari S, Fiorani M, Di Tommaso N, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ponziani FR, Ianiro G. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation in chronic noncommunicable disorders. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103034. [PMID: 37087392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in influencing several pathways and functions involved in human health, including metabolism, protection against infection, and immune regulation. Perturbation of the gut microbiome is recognised as a pathogenic factor in several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, and is increasingly considered as a therapeutic target in these conditions. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of the microbiota from healthy screened stool donors into the gut of affected patients, and is a well-established and highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Despite the mechanisms of efficacy of FMT not being fully understood, it has been investigated in several chronic noncommunicable disorders, with variable results. This review aims to give an overview of mechanisms of efficacy of FMT in chronic noncommunicable disorders, and to paint the current landscape of its investigation in these medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic liver disorders, and also extraintestinal autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Ji SX, Zheng YF, Li X, Li BX, Zou JX, Wang YT, Xia XY, Chen X, Hu QN, Wan TJ, Wen L, Feng QS. Epidemiological investigation and proteomic profiling of typical TCM syndrome in HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:3106-3119. [PMID: 35775967 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS pandemic remains the world's most severe public health challenge, especially for HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders (HIV/AIDS-INRs), who tend to have higher mortality. Due to the advantages in promoting patients' immune reconstitution, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become one of the mainstays of complementary treatments for HIV/AIDS-INRs. Given that effective TCM treatments largely depend on precise syndrome differentiation, there is an increasing interest in exploring biological evidence for the classification of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDS-INRs. In our study, to identify the typical HIV/AIDS-INRs syndrome, an epidemiological survey was first conducted in the Liangshan prefecture (China), a high HIV/AIDS prevalence region. The key TCM syndrome, Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK), was evaluated by using a tandem mass tag combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TMT-LC-MS/MS). A total of 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of YDSK syndrome compared with healthy people were screened out. Comparative bioinformatics analyses showed that DEPs in YDSK syndrome were mainly associated with response to wounding and acute inflammatory response in the biological process. The pathway annotation is mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades. Finally, the YDSK syndrome-specific DEPs such as HP and S100A9 were verified by ELISA, and confirmed as potential biomarkers for YDSK syndrome. Our study may lay the biological and scientific basis for the specificity of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDs-INRs, and may provide more opportunities for the deep understanding of TCM syndromes and the developing more effective and stable TCM treatment for HIV/AIDS-INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiu Ji
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Xue Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Zou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jun Wan
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Sheng Feng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pan Z, Wu N, Jin C. Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Promotes Mucosal Barrier Damage and Immune Injury in HIV-Infected Patients. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:3080969. [PMID: 37927531 PMCID: PMC10625490 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is an "invisible organ" in the human body, with diverse components and complex interactions. Homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the normal physiological process and regulating immune homeostasis. By reviewing more than one hundred related studies concerning HIV infection and intestinal microbiota from 2011 to 2023, we found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can induce intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which not only worsens clinical symptoms but also promotes the occurrence of post-sequelae symptoms and comorbidities. In the early stage of HIV infection, the intestinal mucosal barrier is damaged and a persistent inflammatory response is induced. Mucosal barrier damage and immune injury play a pivotal role in promoting the post-sequelae symptoms caused by HIV infection. This review summarizes the relationship between dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier damage during HIV infection and discusses the potential mechanisms of intestinal barrier damage induced by intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Exploring these molecular mechanisms might provide new ideas to improve the efficacy of HIV treatment and reduce the incidence of post-sequelae symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Pan
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changzhong Jin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Mansoor AER, O'Neil CA, Kwon JH. The role of microbiome-based therapeutics for the reduction and prevention of antimicrobial-resistant organism colonization. Anaerobe 2023; 83:102772. [PMID: 37572864 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The gut is host to a diverse array of microbiota that constitute a complex ecological system crucial to human physiology. Disruptors to the normal host microbiota, such as antimicrobials, can cause a loss of species diversity in the gut, reducing its ability to resist colonization by invading pathogens and potentially leading to colonization with antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs). ARO negatively impact gut health by disrupting the usual heterogeneity of gut microbiota and have the potential to cause systemic disease. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been increasingly explored in the management of specific disease states such as Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Promising data from management of CDI has led to considerable interest in understanding the role of therapeutics to restore the gut microbiota to a healthy state. This review aims to discuss key studies that highlight the current landscape, and explore existing clinical evidence, for the use of FMT and microbiome-based therapeutics in combating intestinal colonization with ARO. We also explore potential future directions of such therapeutics and discuss unaddressed needs in this field that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan-E-Rehman Mansoor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Caroline A O'Neil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Jennie H Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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20
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Chuaypen N, Jinato T, Avihingsanon A, Nookaew I, Tanaka Y, Tangkijvanich P. Long-term benefit of DAAs on gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation in HCV-infected patients with and without HIV coinfection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14413. [PMID: 37660163 PMCID: PMC10475021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term effect of Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial translocation in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who achieve sustained virological response (SVR) were limited. A longitudinal study of 50 patients with HCV monoinfection and 19 patients with HCV/HIV coinfection received DAAs were conducted. Fecal specimens collected at baseline and at week 72 after treatment completion (FUw72) were analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and the butyryl-CoA:acetateCoA transferase (BCoAT) gene expression using real-time PCR. Plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were quantified by ELISA assays. SVR rates in mono- and coinfected patients were comparable (94% vs. 100%). The improvement of gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation was found in responders but was not in non-responders. Among responders, significant restoration of alpha-diversity, BCoAT and LBP were observed in HCV patients with low-grade fibrosis (F0-F1), while HCV/HIV patients exhibited partial improvement at FUw72. I-FABP did not decline significantly in responders. Treatment induced microbiota changes with increasing abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria, including Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Subdoligranulum and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, long-term effect of DAAs impacted the restoration of gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation. However, early initiation of DAAs required for an alteration of gut microbiota, enhanced SCFAs-producing bacteria, and could reduce HCV-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaya Chuaypen
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thananya Jinato
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Division of Integrated Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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21
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Rosel-Pech C, Pinto-Cardoso S, Chávez-Torres M, Montufar N, Osuna-Padilla I, Ávila-Ríos S, Reyes-Terán G, Aguirre-Alvarado C, Matías Juan NA, Pérez-Lorenzana H, Vázquez-Rosales JG, Bekker-Méndez VC. Distinct fecal microbial signatures are linked to sex and chronic immune activation in pediatric HIV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244473. [PMID: 37711620 PMCID: PMC10497879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our understanding of HIV-associated gut microbial dysbiosis in children perinatally-infected with HIV (CLWH) lags behind that of adults living with HIV. Childhood represents a critical window for the gut microbiota. Any disturbances, including prolonged exposure to HIV, antiretroviral drugs, and antibiotics are likely to have a significant impact on long-term health, resulting in a less resilient gut microbiome. The objective of our study was to characterize the gut microbiota in CLWH, and compare it with HIV-unexposed and -uninfected children. Methods We enrolled 31 children aged 3 to 15 years; 15 were CLWH and 16 were HUU. We assessed dietary patterns and quality; quantified soluble and cellular markers of HIV disease progression by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent and multiplex-bead assays, and profiled the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. We explored relationships between the gut microbiota, antibiotic exposure, dietary habits, soluble and cellular markers and host metadata. Results Children had a Western-type diet, their median health eating index score was 67.06 (interquartile range 58.76-74.66). We found no discernable impact of HIV on the gut microbiota. Alpha diversity metrics did not differ between CLWH and HUU. Sex impacted the gut microbiota (R-squared= 0.052, PERMANOVA p=0.024). Male children had higher microbial richness compared with female children. Two taxa were found to discriminate female from male children independently from HIV status: Firmicutes for males, and Bacteroides for females. Markers of HIV disease progression were comparable between CLWH and HUU, except for the frequency of exhausted CD4+ T cells (PD-1+) which was increased in CLWH (p=0.0024 after adjusting for confounders). Both the frequency of exhausted CD4+ and activated CD4+ T cells (CD38+ HLADR+) correlated positively with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (rho=0.568. false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p= 0.029, and rho=0.62, FDR-adjusted p=0.0126, respectively). Conclusion The gut microbiota of CLWH appears similar to that of HUU, and most markers of HIV disease progression are normalized with long-term ART, suggesting a beneficial effect of the latter on the gut microbial ecology. The relationship between exhausted and activated CD4+ T cells and Proteobacteria suggests a connection between the gut microbiome, and premature aging in CLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rosel-Pech
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Pinto-Cardoso
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Chávez-Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nadia Montufar
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Osuna-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Charmina Aguirre-Alvarado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Angelica Matías Juan
- Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Pérez-Lorenzana
- UMAE Hospital General Dr. Gaudencio González Garza, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Guillermo Vázquez-Rosales
- Hospital de Pediatría “Doctor Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico
| | - Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Zhang W, Ruan L. Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236460. [PMID: 37608956 PMCID: PMC10440441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated proved effectiveness in suppressing viral replication and significantly recovering CD4+ T cell count in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, contributing to a dramatic reduction in AIDS morbidity and mortality. However, the factors affecting immune reconstitution are extremely complex. Demographic factors, co-infection, baseline CD4 cell level, abnormal immune activation, and cytokine dysregulation may all affect immune reconstitution. According to report, 10-40% of HIV-1-infected patients fail to restore the normalization of CD4+ T cell count and function. They are referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs) who fail to achieve complete immune reconstitution and have a higher mortality rate and higher risk of developing other non-AIDS diseases compared with those who achieve complete immune reconstitution. Heretofore, the mechanisms underlying incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV remain elusive, and INRs are not effectively treated or mitigated. This review discusses the recent progress of mechanisms and factors responsible for incomplete immune reconstitution in AIDS and summarizes the corresponding therapeutic strategies according to different mechanisms to improve the individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lianguo Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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23
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Malik A, Malik MI. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patient Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology Res 2023; 16:209-216. [PMID: 37691753 PMCID: PMC10482600 DOI: 10.14740/gr1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection suffer from alterations in gut microbiota due to recurrent gastrointestinal infections and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears to be a potential therapy; however, there are concerns about its safety. Likewise, no previous meta-analysis evaluated FMT efficacy in HIV-infected patients. Methods We conducted a thorough electronic search on PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for clinical studies assessing the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with HIV and gastrointestinal dysbiosis, where FMT was indicated to restore the disrupted microbiota. Results FMT significantly restored the typical microbiome in patients with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and non-C. difficile and reduced the risk of gastrointestinal infections in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (odds ratio (OR) = 0.774, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.62, 0.966)). Furthermore, adverse events, such as distention and bloating, associated with FMT were comparable between HIV and health controls (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: (0.07, 4.6)), with no statistical difference. Conclusions Current evidence demonstrated that FMT is safe and effective in HIV patients suffering from alterations in gut microbiota. We recommend further multi-centric clinical studies to address the optimal transplant amount and source for FMT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Malik
- Mountain Vista Medical Center, Mesa, AZ, USA
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24
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Fakharian F, Thirugnanam S, Welsh DA, Kim WK, Rappaport J, Bittinger K, Rout N. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1849. [PMID: 37513022 PMCID: PMC10384393 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbiome composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence of viral infections on gut microbiome, the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral infection and pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. The clinical variability observed in SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections, and the presence of natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, including the gut microbiome, may contribute to viral pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the host immune system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with immune cells. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how viral infections perturb the gut microbiome and mucosal immune cells, affecting host susceptibility and response to viral infections. Specifically, we focus on exploring the interactions between gamma delta (γδ) T cells and gut microbes in the context of inflammatory viral pathogenesis and examine studies highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in viral disease outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence and potential future directions for microbiome modulation therapy in the context of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Siva Thirugnanam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David A. Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70806, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Namita Rout
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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25
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Li Y, Zheng J, Wang Y, Yang H, Cao L, Gan S, Ma J, Liu H. Immuno-stimulatory activity of Astragalus polysaccharides in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice by regulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124789. [PMID: 37164141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has indicated the immune-stimulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), yet it remains unknown whether the potential mechanism is associated with gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of gut microbiota in APS-initiated immune-enhancing activity in mice. BALB/c mice were injected with cyclophosphamide to establish a mouse immunosuppression model. We found that APS significantly ameliorated the immunosuppression in mice, indicative of the increased immune organ indices, the promoted proliferation of immune cells, and the up-regulated intestinal inflammation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that APS treatment significantly activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the intestine. By 16S rDNA sequencing, APS treatment reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in immunocompromised mice. At the genus level, APS increased the abundance of bacteria (like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Roseburia, and Desulfovibrio) and decreased the content of several bacteria (like Oscillibacter, Tyzzerella, and Lachnoclostridium). However, APS had no immune-enhancing effect on immunocompromised mice with gut microbiota depletion. In conclusion, APS can enhance immune responses in immunocompromised mice by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Huabing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Lu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Shuiyong Gan
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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26
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Satish S, Abu Y, Gomez D, Kumar Dutta R, Roy S. HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156862. [PMID: 37168868 PMCID: PMC10164749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome is essential to immune development, defense against pathogens, and modulation of inflammation. Microbial dysbiosis has been reported in various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to both have higher rates of OUD and use opioids at higher rates than the general public. Thus, studying gut microbial alterations in people living with HIV and with OUD could elucidate mechanisms pertaining to how these conditions both shape and are shaped by the microbiome. However, to date few studies have investigated how HIV and OUD in combination impact the microbiome. Aim of review Here, we review previous studies outlining interactions between HIV, opioid use, and microbial dysbiosis and describe attempts to treat this dysbiosis with fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, and dietary changes. Key scientific concepts of review While the limited number of studies prevent overgeneralizations; accumulating data suggest that HIV and opioid use together induce distinct alterations in the gut microbiome. Among the three existing preclinical studies of HIV and opioid use, two studies reported a decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and one study reported a decrease in Muribaculaceae in the combined HIV and opioid group relative to HIV-alone, opioid-alone, or control groups. These bacteria are known to modulate immune function, decrease colonic inflammation, and maintain gut epithelial barrier integrity in healthy individuals. Accordingly, modulation of the gut microbiome to restore gut homeostasis may be attempted to improve both conditions. While mixed results exist regarding treating dysbiosis with microbial restoration in PLWH or in those with opioid dependency, larger well-defined studies that can improve microbial engraftment in hosts hold much promise and should still be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Satish
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yaa Abu
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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27
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Castillo-Rozas G, Lopez MN, Soto-Rifo R, Vidal R, Cortes CP. Enteropathy and gut dysbiosis as obstacles to achieve immune recovery in undetectable people with HIV: a clinical view of evidence, successes, and projections. AIDS 2023; 37:367-378. [PMID: 36695354 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune performance following antiretroviral therapy initiation varies among patients. Despite achieving viral undetectability, a subgroup of patients fails to restore CD4+ T-cell counts during follow-up, which exposes them to non-AIDS defining comorbidities and increased mortality. Unfortunately, its mechanisms are incompletely understood, and no specific treatment is available. In this review, we address some of the pathophysiological aspects of the poor immune response from a translational perspective, with emphasis in the interaction between gut microbiome, intestinal epithelial dysfunction, and immune system, and we also discuss some studies attempting to improve immune performance by intervening in this vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Castillo-Rozas
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program
- Cancer Regulation and Immunoediting Laboratory, Immunology Program
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N Lopez
- Cancer Regulation and Immunoediting Laboratory, Immunology Program
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Claudia P Cortes
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Moreno E, Ron R, Serrano-Villar S. The microbiota as a modulator of mucosal inflammation and HIV/HPV pathogenesis: From association to causation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1072655. [PMID: 36756132 PMCID: PMC9900135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1072655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the microbiota has largely been associated with the pathogenesis of viral infections, most studies using omics techniques are correlational and hypothesis-generating. The mechanisms affecting the immune responses to viral infections are still being fully understood. Here we focus on the two most important sexually transmitted persistent viruses, HPV and HIV. Sophisticated omics techniques are boosting our ability to understand microbiota-pathogen-host interactions from a functional perspective by surveying the host and bacterial protein and metabolite production using systems biology approaches. However, while these strategies have allowed describing interaction networks to identify potential novel microbiota-associated biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent or treat infectious diseases, the analyses are typically based on highly dimensional datasets -thousands of features in small cohorts of patients-. As a result, we are far from getting to their clinical use. Here we provide a broad overview of how the microbiota influences the immune responses to HIV and HPV disease. Furthermore, we highlight experimental approaches to understand better the microbiota-host-virus interactions that might increase our potential to identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Ouyang J, Yan J, Zhou X, Isnard S, Harypursat V, Cui H, Routy JP, Chen Y. Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173956. [PMID: 37153621 PMCID: PMC10160480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier has the daunting task of allowing nutrient absorption while limiting the entry of microbial products into the systemic circulation. HIV infection disrupts the intestinal barrier and increases intestinal permeability, leading to microbial product translocation. Convergent evidence has shown that gut damage and an enhanced level of microbial translocation contribute to the enhanced immune activation, the risk of non-AIDS comorbidity, and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). Gut biopsy procedures are invasive, and are not appropriate or feasible in large populations, even though they are the gold standard for intestinal barrier investigation. Thus, validated biomarkers that measure the degree of intestinal barrier damage and microbial translocation are needed in PLWH. Hematological biomarkers represent an objective indication of specific medical conditions and/or their severity, and should be able to be measured accurately and reproducibly via easily available and standardized blood tests. Several plasma biomarkers of intestinal damage, i.e., intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, and regenerating islet-derived protein-3α (REG3α), and biomarkers of microbial translocation, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1,3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) have been used as markers of risk for developing non-AIDS comorbidities in cross sectional analyses and clinical trials, including those aiming at repair of gut damage. In this review, we critically discuss the value of different biomarkers for the estimation of gut permeability levels, paving the way towards developing validated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to repair gut epithelial damage and to improve overall disease outcomes in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
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30
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Caira-Chuquineyra B, Fernandez-Guzman D, Soriano-Moreno DR, Fernandez-Morales J, Flores-Lovon K, Medina-Ramírez SA, Gonzales-Uribe AG, Pelayo-Luis IP, Gonzales-Zamora JA, Huaringa-Marcelo J. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Scoping Review. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:700-708. [PMID: 35451337 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to determine the characteristics of studies evaluating fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as its effects and safety as a therapeutic intervention for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a scoping review following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Medline until September 19, 2021. Studies that used FMT in people living with HIV and explored its effects on the health of these people were included. Two randomized and 2 uncontrolled clinical trials with a total of 55 participants were included. Participants were well-controlled HIV-infected people. Regarding microbiota changes, three studies found significant post-FMT increases in Fusobacterium, Prevotella, α-diversity, Chao index, and/or Shannon index, and/or decreases in Bacteroides. Regarding markers of intestinal damage, one study found a decrease in intestinal fatty acid binding protein post-FMT, and another study found an increase in zonulin. Other outcomes evaluated by the studies were as follows: markers of immune and inflammatory activation, markers of immunocompetence (CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes), and HIV viral load; however, none showed significant changes. Clinical outcomes were not evaluated by these studies. Regarding the safety of FMT, only mild adverse events were appreciated. No serious adverse event was reported. The clinical evidence for FMT in people living with HIV is sparse. FMT appears to have good tolerability and, no serious adverse event has been reported so far. Further clinical trials and evaluation of clinically important biomedical outcomes for FMT in people living with HIV are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra
- Peruvian Epidemiological Research Group, Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Health Evidence, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Lima, Peru.,Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Peruvian Epidemiological Research Group, Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Health Evidence, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Lima, Peru.,Professional School of Human Medicine, National University of San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - David R Soriano-Moreno
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Jared Fernandez-Morales
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Antony G Gonzales-Uribe
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Isabel P Pelayo-Luis
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose A Gonzales-Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Peruvian American Medical Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jorge Huaringa-Marcelo
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Scientific University of the South, Lima, Peru.,Archbishop Loayza National Hospital, Lima, Peru
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31
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Biazzo M, Deidda G. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as New Therapeutic Avenue for Human Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144119. [PMID: 35887883 PMCID: PMC9320118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is home to a variety of micro-organisms. Most of these microbial communities reside in the gut and are referred to as gut microbiota. Over the last decades, compelling evidence showed that a number of human pathologies are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, thereby suggesting that the reinstatement of physiological microflora balance and composition might ameliorate the clinical symptoms. Among possible microbiota-targeted interventions, pre/pro-biotics supplementations were shown to provide effective results, but the main limitation remains in the limited microbial species available as probiotics. Differently, fecal microbiota transplantation involves the transplantation of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition aiming to confer a health benefit. Firstly used in the 4th century in traditional Chinese medicine, nowadays, it has been exploited so far to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, but accumulating data coming from a number of clinical trials clearly indicate that fecal microbiota transplantation may also carry the therapeutic potential for a number of other conditions ranging from gastrointestinal to liver diseases, from cancer to inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune diseases and brain disorders, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will summarize the commonly used preparation and delivery methods, comprehensively review the evidence obtained in clinical trials in different human conditions and discuss the variability in the results and the pivotal importance of donor selection. The final aim is to stimulate discussion and open new therapeutic perspectives among experts in the use of fecal microbiota transplantation not only in Clostridioides difficile infection but as one of the first strategies to be used to ameliorate a number of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Biazzo
- The BioArte Limited, Life Sciences Park, Triq San Giljan, SGN 3000 San Gwann, Malta;
- SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6125
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32
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Gosalbes MJ, Jimenéz-Hernandéz N, Moreno E, Artacho A, Pons X, Ruíz-Pérez S, Navia B, Estrada V, Manzano M, Talavera-Rodriguez A, Madrid N, Vallejo A, Luna L, Pérez-Molina JA, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S. Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2089002. [PMID: 35748016 PMCID: PMC9235884 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2089002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While the intestinal microbiome seems a major driver of persistent immune defects in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about its fungal component, the mycobiome. We assessed the inter-kingdom mycobiome-bacteriome interactions, the impact of diet, and the association with the innate and adaptive immunity in PWH on antiretroviral therapy. We included 24 PWH individuals and 12 healthy controls. We sequenced the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 amplicons, determined amplicon sequence variants, measured biomarkers of the innate and adaptive immunity in blood and relations with diet. Compared to healthy controls, PWH subjects exhibited a distinct and richer mycobiome and an enrichment for Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. In PWH, Candida and Pichia species were strongly correlated with several bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium genus. Regarding the links between the mycobiome and systemic immunology, we found a positive correlation between Candida species and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (sTNF-R2 and IL-17), interleukin 22 (a cytokine implicated in the regulation of mucosal immunity), and CD8+ T cell counts. This suggests an important role of the yeasts in systemic innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we identified inter-kingdom interactions implicated in fiber degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and lipid metabolism, and an effect of vegetable and fiber intake on the mycobiome. Therefore, despite the great differences in abundance and diversity between the bacterial and fungal communities of the gut, we defined the changes associated with HIV, determined several different inter-kingdom associations, and found links between the mycobiome, nutrient metabolism, and systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gosalbes
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain,Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain,CONTACT María José Gosalbes Genomics and Health Area, FISABIO-Salud Pública46020Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Jimenéz-Hernandéz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain,Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Pons
- Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Ruíz-Pérez
- Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Navia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Estrada
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain,HIV Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Manzano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera-Rodriguez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Madrid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Luna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Pérez-Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain,Sergio Serrano-Villar Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Johnson SD, Byrareddy SN. HIV-associated dysbiosis and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL DISCOVERY 2022; 2:e58. [PMID: 36189116 PMCID: PMC9524401 DOI: 10.1002/ctd2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microbiomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) are significantly dysregulated with a loss of bacteria diversity and shifts in composition, including increases in pathogenic and decreases in beneficial species. Because of the microbiome's role in modulating health, the effect of this dysbiosis on immune response in PLWH has been a significant concern, mainly because these shifts can persist even after viral suppression during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, due to limitations on sample availability, few studies have been able to provide insights into these microbiome-immune interactions. Recently, Olivas-Martínez, et al. characterized ileum and caecum mucosa-associated microbiomes of PLWH based on their level of peripheral CD4+ T-cell reconstitution following long-term cART. Their analysis revealed distinct microbiome signatures predictive of recovery. Additionally, differences in markers of gut inflammation and damage between response groups were described, further implicating mucosal disruptions with immune reconstitution. These new data demonstrate an interdependence of microbiome and therapy response, and additional studies were urgently required to fully elucidate this crosstalk and microbiome dynamics from before/after infection and finally, long-term viral suppression with cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience,
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience,
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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34
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Fert A, Raymond Marchand L, Wiche Salinas TR, Ancuta P. Targeting Th17 cells in HIV-1 remission/cure interventions. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:580-594. [PMID: 35659433 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of HIV-1, progress has been made in deciphering the viral replication cycle and mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions that has facilitated the implementation of effective antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). Major barriers to HIV-1 remission/cure include the persistence of viral reservoirs (VRs) in long-lived CD4+ T cells, residual viral transcription, and lack of mucosal immunity restoration during ART, which together fuel systemic inflammation. Recently, T helper (Th)17-polarized cells were identified as major contributors to the pool of transcriptionally/translationally competent VRs. In this review, we discuss the functional features of Th17 cells that were elucidated by fundamental immunology studies in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlight recent discoveries supporting the possibility of extrapolating this knowledge toward the identification of new putative Th17-targeted HIV-1 remission/cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Fert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Raymond Marchand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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35
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Ferrari B, Da Silva AC, Liu KH, Saidakova EV, Korolevskaya LB, Shmagel KV, Shive C, Pacheco Sanchez G, Retuerto M, Sharma AA, Ghneim K, Noel-Romas L, Rodriguez B, Ghannoum MA, Hunt PP, Deeks SG, Burgener AD, Jones DP, Dobre MA, Marconi VC, Sekaly RP, Younes SA. Gut-derived bacterial toxins impair memory CD4+ T cell mitochondrial function in HIV-1 infection. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e149571. [PMID: 35316209 PMCID: PMC9057623 DOI: 10.1172/jci149571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) who are immune nonresponders (INRs) are at greater risk of comorbidity and mortality than are immune responders (IRs) who restore their CD4+ T cell count after antiretroviral therapy (ART). INRs have low CD4+ T cell counts (<350 c/μL), heightened systemic inflammation, and increased CD4+ T cell cycling (Ki67+). Here, we report the findings that memory CD4+ T cells and plasma samples of INRs from several cohorts are enriched in gut-derived bacterial solutes p-cresol sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) that both negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts. In vitro PCS or IS blocked CD4+ T cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and diminished the expression of mitochondrial proteins. Electron microscopy imaging revealed perturbations of mitochondrial networks similar to those found in INRs following incubation of healthy memory CD4+ T cells with PCS. Using bacterial 16S rDNA, INR stool samples were found enriched in proteolytic bacterial genera that metabolize tyrosine and phenylalanine to produce PCS. We propose that toxic solutes from the gut bacterial flora may impair CD4+ T cell recovery during ART and may contribute to CD4+ T cell lymphopenia characteristic of INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Cabral Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Advanced Translational Research (PATRU), School of Medicine and
| | - Ken H. Liu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Evgeniya V. Saidakova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Larisa B. Korolevskaya
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Shmagel
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - Carey Shive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriela Pacheco Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Advanced Translational Research (PATRU), School of Medicine and
| | - Mauricio Retuerto
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | | | - Khader Ghneim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Laura Noel-Romas
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter P. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam D. Burgener
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mirela A. Dobre
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, and Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Advanced Translational Research (PATRU), School of Medicine and
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Advanced Translational Research (PATRU), School of Medicine and
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36
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Mizutani T, Ishizaka A, Koga M, Tsutsumi T, Yotsuyanagi H. Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression. Viruses 2022; 14:950. [PMID: 35632692 PMCID: PMC9144409 DOI: 10.3390/v14050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are influenced by various microorganisms in the environment surrounding the target tissue, and the correlation between the type and balance of commensal microbiota is the key to establishment of the infection and pathogenicity. Some commensal microorganisms are known to resist or promote viral infection, while others are involved in pathogenicity. It is also becoming evident that the profile of the commensal microbiota under normal conditions influences the progression of viral diseases. Thus, to understand the pathogenesis underlying viral infections, it is important to elucidate the interactions among viruses, target tissues, and the surrounding environment, including the commensal microbiota, which should have different relationships with each virus. In this review, we outline the role of microorganisms in viral infections. Particularly, we focus on gaining an in-depth understanding of the correlations among viral infections, target tissues, and the surrounding environment, including the commensal microbiota and the gut virome, and discussing the impact of changes in the microbiota (dysbiosis) on the pathological progression of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Mizutani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (A.I.); (M.K.); (T.T.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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37
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Olivas-Martínez I, Rosado-Sánchez I, Cordero-Varela JA, Sobrino S, Genebat M, Herrero-Fernández I, de Pablos RM, Carvajal AE, Ruiz R, Isabel Álvarez-Ríos A, Fontillón-Alberdi M, Bulnes-Ramos Á, Garrido-Rodríguez V, Pozo-Balado MDM, Leal M, Pacheco YM. Partial restoration of gut-mucosal dysbiosis in late-treated HIV-infected subjects with CD4 T-cell recovery. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e788. [PMID: 35384348 PMCID: PMC8982320 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Olivas-Martínez
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Isaac Rosado-Sánchez
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Cordero-Varela
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Service, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador Sobrino
- Digestive Service, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Genebat
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Inés Herrero-Fernández
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Martínez de Pablos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Eloísa Carvajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángel Bulnes-Ramos
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Vanesa Garrido-Rodríguez
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Pozo-Balado
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Internal Medicine Service, Viamed-Santa Ángela Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda María Pacheco
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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38
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Halaweish HF, Boatman S, Staley C. Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Development, Efficacy, and Clinical Application. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:826114. [PMID: 35372103 PMCID: PMC8968856 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been established as a highly restorative therapeutic approach for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Recently, the use of capsule-based fecal microbiota transplantation (cFMT) has been shown to be a clinically effective approach to restore intestinal microbiota composition. This convenient, oral delivery provides an easy route of administration and a newfound flexibility for clinicians and patients. In this review, we discuss the development of cFMT, paying particular attention to lyophilized cFMT products. We review the available published clinical studies comparing cFMT with lower endoscopic FMT (eFMT) or placebo. We further discuss the pharmacokinetics of FMT, which should be understood in a framework of microbial ecology that considers the complex and dynamic interactions of gut microbiota with host factors and other microorganisms. Promisingly, the results of multiple trials investigating cFMT vs. eFMT in rCDI show cFMT to be as effective as eFMT at preventing rCDI. However, its efficacy in non-rCDI conditions, including obesity and metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, HIV, and neurologic conditions, is less clear and more research is needed in these areas. Standardization of formulation, dose, and timing of administration to ensure optimal microbiota engraftment and clinical response is also a challenge to be addressed. Overall, cFMT is a practical method for fecal microbiota transplantation, with similar efficacy to eFMT in the resolution of rCDI, that holds therapeutic potential in a variety of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam F. Halaweish
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sonja Boatman
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Staley
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher Staley,
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Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050992. [PMID: 35267967 PMCID: PMC8912579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Children with HIV exhibit chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Strategies targeting persistent inflammation are needed to improve health in people living with HIV. The gut microbiota likely interacts with the immune system, but the clinical implications of modulating the dysbiosis by nutritional supplementation are unclear. Methods: Pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which 24 HIV-infected on ART were randomized to supplementation with a daily mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids and amino acids, or placebo four weeks, in combination with ART. We analyzed inflammatory markers and T-cell activation changes and their correlations with shifts in fecal microbiota. Results: Twenty-four HIV-infected children were recruited and randomized to receive a symbiotic nutritional supplement or placebo. Mean age was 12 ± 3.9 years, 62.5% were female. All were on ART and had HIV RNA < 50/mL. We did not detect changes in inflammatory (IL-6, IL-7, IP-10), microbial translocation (sCD14), mucosal integrity markers (IFABP, zonulin) or the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, or changes in markers of the adaptive immune response in relation to the intervention. However, we found correlations between several key bacteria and the assessed inflammatory and immunological parameters, supporting a role of the microbiota in immune modulation in children with HIV. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, a four-week nutritional supplementation had no significant effects in terms of decreasing inflammation, microbial translocation, or T-cell activation in HIV-infected children. However, the correlations found support the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system.
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Toyofuku E, Takeshita K, Ohnishi H, Kiridoshi Y, Masuoka H, Kadowaki T, Nishikomori R, Nishimura K, Kobayashi C, Ebato T, Shigemura T, Inoue Y, Suda W, Hattori M, Morio T, Honda K, Kanegane H. Dysregulation of the Intestinal Microbiome in Patients With Haploinsufficiency of A20. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:787667. [PMID: 35155270 PMCID: PMC8834539 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.787667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a form of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). IEIs are genetically occurring diseases, some of which cause intestinal dysbiosis. Due to the dysregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) observed in patients with HA20, gut dysbiosis was associated with Tregs in intestinal lamina propria. Methods Stool samples were obtained from 16 patients with HA20 and 15 of their family members. Infant samples and/or samples with recent antibiotics use were excluded; hence, 26 samples from 13 patients and 13 family members were analyzed. The 16S sequencing process was conducted to assess the microbial composition of samples. Combined with clinical information, the relationship between the microbiome and the disease activity was statistically analyzed. Results The composition of gut microbiota in patients with HA20 was disturbed compared with that in healthy family members. Age, disease severity, and use of immunosuppressants corresponded to dysbiosis. However, other explanatory factors, such as abdominal symptoms and probiotic treatment, were not associated. The overall composition at the phylum level was stable, but some genera were significantly increased or decreased. Furthermore, among the seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that increased, two OTUs, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus salivarius, considerably increased in patients with autoantibodies than those without autoantibodies. Discussion Detailed interaction on intestinal epithelium remains unknown; the relationship between the disease and stool composition change helps us understand the mechanism of an immunological reaction to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsushi Toyofuku
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Takeshita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Kiridoshi
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuoka
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kadowaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nishikomori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chie Kobayashi
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ebato
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Inoue
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou A, Yuan Y, Yang M, Huang Y, Li X, Li S, Yang S, Tang B. Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiota and Epithelial Cells Under Physiological and Infectious Conditions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:832672. [PMID: 35155283 PMCID: PMC8829037 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.832672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considered the largest immunological organ, with a diverse gut microbiota, that contributes to combatting pathogens and maintaining human health. Under physiological conditions, the crosstalk between gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) plays a crucial role in GIT homeostasis. Gut microbiota and derived metabolites can compromise gut barrier integrity by activating some signaling pathways in IECs. Conversely, IECs can separate the gut microbiota from the host immune cells to avoid an excessive immune response and regulate the composition of the gut microbiota by providing an alternative energy source and releasing some molecules, such as hormones and mucus. Infections by various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can disturb the diversity of the gut microbiota and influence the structure and metabolism of IECs. However, the interaction between gut microbiota and IECs during infection is still not clear. In this review, we will focus on the existing evidence to elucidate the crosstalk between gut microbiota and IECs during infection and discuss some potential therapeutic methods, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary fiber. Understanding the role of crosstalk during infection may help us to establish novel strategies for prevention and treatment in patients with infectious diseases, such as C. difficile infection, HIV, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institution of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujiao Huang
- The First Clinical College, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shiming Yang, ; Bo Tang,
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shiming Yang, ; Bo Tang,
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Ghani R, Mullish BH, Roberts LA, Davies FJ, Marchesi JR. The potential utility of fecal (or intestinal) microbiota transplantation in controlling infectious diseases. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2038856. [PMID: 35230889 PMCID: PMC8890388 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2038856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is recognized to play a role in the defense against infection, but conversely also acts as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic organisms. Disruption to the microbiome can increase the risk of invasive infection from these organisms; therefore, strategies to restore the composition of the gut microbiota are a potential strategy of key interest to mitigate this risk. Fecal (or Intestinal) Microbiota Transplantation (FMT/IMT), is the administration of minimally manipulated screened healthy donor stool to an affected recipient, and remains the major 'whole microbiome' therapeutic approach at present. Driven by the marked success of using FMT in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, the potential use of FMT in treating other infectious diseases is an area of active research. In this review, we discuss key examples of this treatment based on recent findings relating to the interplay between microbiota and infection, and potential further exploitations of FMT/IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohma Ghani
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren A. Roberts
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frances J. Davies
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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43
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Younes SA. Mitochondrial Exhaustion of Memory CD4 T-Cells in Treated HIV-1 Infection. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2022; 4:e220013. [PMID: 35633761 PMCID: PMC9140223 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) who are immune non-responders (INR) to therapy are unable to restore their CD4 T-cell count and remain at great risk of morbidity and mortality. Here the mitochondrial defects that characterize memory CD4 T-cells in INR and causes of this mitochondrial exhaustion are reviewed. This review also describes the various reagents used to induce the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, which can restore mitochondria fitness and CD4 T-cell proliferation in INR. Due to sustained heightened inflammation in INR, the mitochondrial network is unable to be rejuvenated and requires attenuation of mediators of inflammation to rescue mitochondria and CD4 T-cell counts in INR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Advanced Translational Research (PATRU), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta 30322, USA
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44
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Sainz T, Casas I, González-Esguevillas M, Escosa-Garcia L, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Prieto L, Gosalbes MJ, Jiménez-Hernández N, Ramos JT, Navarro ML, Mellado MJ, Serrano-Villar S, Calvo C. Nutritional Supplementation to Increase Influenza Vaccine Response in Children Living With HIV: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:919753. [PMID: 35928688 PMCID: PMC9343631 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.919753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vaccine response is poor among children living with HIV. The gut microbiota has been identified as a potential target to improve vaccine immunogenicity, but data are scarce in the context of HIV infection. METHODS Pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which 24 HIV-infected children were randomized to receive a mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids, and amino acids or placebo for 4 weeks, each in combination with ART, and were then immunized against influenza. Vaccine response and safety of the nutritional supplementation were the primary outcomes. RESULTS Eighteen HIV-infected children completed the follow-up period (mean age 11.5 ± 4.14 years, 61% female). The nutritional supplement was safe but did not enhance the response to the influenza vaccine. A 4-fold rise in antibody titers was obtained in only 37.5% of participants in the intervention arm vs. 40% in the placebo. No immunological or inflammatory predictors of vaccine response were identified. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, a 4-week course of symbiotics did not increase influenza vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-infected children. Larger studies are warranted to address the potential of modulating the microbiome in children living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Sainz
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Escosa-Garcia
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón e IISHGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Prieto
- Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación Para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Jiménez-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación Para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - José Tomas Ramos
- Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro
- Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación Materno-Infantil Familia Alonso (UDIMIFFA), IISGM, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón e IISHGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Mellado
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Strati F, Lattanzi G, Amoroso C, Facciotti F. Microbiota-targeted therapies in inflammation resolution. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101599. [PMID: 35304068 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been shown to systemically shape the immunological landscape, modulate homeostasis and play a role in both health and disease. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of several major disorders in gastrointestinal tract, metabolic, neurological and respiratory diseases. Much effort is now focused on understanding host-microbes interactions and new microbiota-targeted therapies are deeply investigated as a means to restore health or prevent disease. This review details the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in health and disease and discusses the most recent strategies in manipulating individual patient's microbiota for the management and prevention of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Yan J, Ouyang J, Isnard S, Zhou X, Harypursat V, Routy JP, Chen Y. Alcohol Use and Abuse Conspires With HIV Infection to Aggravate Intestinal Dysbiosis and Increase Microbial Translocation in People Living With HIV: A Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741658. [PMID: 34975838 PMCID: PMC8718428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is an essential so-called human "organ", vital for the induction of innate immunity, for metabolizing nutrients, and for maintenance of the structural integrity of the intestinal barrier. HIV infection adversely influences the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiome, resulting in structural and functional impairment of the intestinal barrier and an increased intestinal permeability. Pathogens and metabolites may thus cross the "leaky" intestinal barrier and enter the systemic circulation, which is a significant factor accounting for the persistent underlying chronic inflammatory state present in people living with HIV (PLWH). Additionally, alcohol use and abuse has been found to be prevalent in PLWH and has been strongly associated with the incidence and progression of HIV/AIDS. Recently, converging evidence has indicated that the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is related to intestinal microbiome and barrier function through numerous pathways. Alcohol acts as a "partner" with HIV in disrupting microbiome ecology, and thus impairing of the intestinal barrier. Optimizing the microbiome and restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier is likely to be an effective adjunctive therapeutic strategy for PLWH. We herein critically review the interplay among HIV, alcohol, and the gut barrier, thus setting the scene with regards to development of effective strategies to counteract the dysregulated gut microbiome and the reduction of microbial translocation and inflammation in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Márquez-Coello M, Ruiz-Sánchez C, Martín-Aspas A, Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo C, Illanes-Álvarez F, Cuesta-Sancho S, Girón-González JA. Neutrophil Expression of T and B Immunomodulatory Molecules in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670966. [PMID: 34975826 PMCID: PMC8718872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveEvaluate the expression of B and T cell immunomodulatory molecules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in HIV-infected patients.MethodsHIV load, bacterial translocation and neutrophils’ expression of T [programmed death ligand, interleukin-10+, arginase 1+] and B [BAFF, APRIL] molecules were analyzed in different cohorts and time points: a control group of 25 healthy individuals and two groups of HIV-infected patients. Group 1 of patients included 35 untreated patients, studied at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Group 2 was composed of 25 patients with undetectable viral load after a median of 101 months of ART prior to inclusion in the study.ResultsCompared with the control group, group 1 patients showed increased bacterial translocation and their PMN had a significantly higher expression of T and B-cell immunomodulatory molecules, both at baseline and after 12 months of ART. Group 2 patients showed reduced bacterial translocation levels when compared with group 1 patients after 12 months of treatment. PMN expression of B-cell modulators was similar between group 2 patients and healthy controls, although the expression of T-cell modulators remained increased.ConclusionIn HIV-infected patients, the expression of B-cell stimulatory and T-cell suppressive molecules by neutrophils was increased at baseline and after a limited time of therapy. After a prolonged period of ART, only PMNs expression of T-cell immunosuppressive molecules remained elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Márquez-Coello
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Martín-Aspas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Clotilde Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Illanes-Álvarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sara Cuesta-Sancho
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Girón-González
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: José-Antonio Girón-González,
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Barabona G, Mahiti M, Toyoda M, Kamori D, Masoud S, Judicate GP, Sunguya B, Lyamuya E, Ueno T. Advanced baseline immunosuppression is associated with elevated levels of plasma markers of fungal translocation and inflammation in long-term treated HIV-infected Tanzanians. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:55. [PMID: 34446039 PMCID: PMC8394626 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For over a decade, antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries was only recommended for patients with advanced HIV disease. We investigated this group of patients in order to determine any relationship between degree of immunosuppression during treatment initiation and the subsequent levels of inflammatory biomarkers, reservoir size and plasma marker of fungal translocation after achieving long-term virological control. METHODS We analyzed 115 virally suppressed (female 83.5%) and 40 untreated (female 70%) subjects from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The size of HIV latent reservoir (proviral DNA copy) was determined using quantitative PCR. Inflammatory biomarkers; IL-6, IL-10, and soluble CD14 (sCD14), were measured using multiplex cytometric beads array. Antibody titers for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV), plasma level of 1-3-beta-D-Glucan (BDG) was measured using ELISA. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured using nephelometric method. RESULTS The median age was 36 (IQR 32-44) and 47 (IQR 43-54) years in untreated and virally suppressed patients respectively. Median duration of treatment for virally suppressed patients was 9 years (IQR 7-12) and median baseline CD4 count was 147 cells/mm3 (IQR 65-217). Virally suppressed patients were associated with significantly lower plasma levels of IL-10, sCD14 and BDG (P < 0.05) when compared to untreated patients. However, plasma level of IL-6 was similar between the groups. Baseline advanced level of immunosuppression (CD4 < 100cells/cm3) was associated with significantly higher plasma level of IL-6 (P = 0.02), hsCRP (P = 0.036) and BDG (P = 0.0107). This relationship was not seen in plasma levels of other tested markers. Degree of baseline immunosuppression was not associated with the subsequent proviral DNA copy. In addition, plasma levels of inflammatory marker were not associated with sex, CMV or EBV antibody titers, treatment duration or regimen. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that advanced immunosuppression at ART initiation is associated with severity of inflammation and elevated fungal translocation marker despite long term virological control. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential increased burden of non-AIDS comorbidities that are linked to elevated inflammatory and fungal translocation markers as a result of the policy of HIV treatment at CD4 count < 200 cells/cm3 implemented for over a decade in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Barabona
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Chuo-ku, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Macdonald Mahiti
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mako Toyoda
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Chuo-ku, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Doreen Kamori
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salim Masoud
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George P Judicate
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Chuo-ku, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Bruno Sunguya
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Chuo-ku, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Eligius Lyamuya
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Chuo-ku, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Chuo-ku, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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49
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Lights and Shadows of Microbiota Modulation and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136837. [PMID: 34202210 PMCID: PMC8297340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with premature aging and the development of aging-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Gut microbiota (GM) disturbance is involved in these comorbidities and there is currently interest in strategies focused on modulating GM composition and/or functionality. Scientific evidence based on well-designed clinical trials is needed to support the use of prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal transplantation (FT) to modify the GM and reduce the incidence of CVD in HIV-infected patients. We reviewed the data obtained from three clinical trials focused on prebiotics, 25 trials using probiotics, six using symbiotics, and four using FT. None of the trials investigated whether these compounds could reduce CVD in HIV patients. The huge variability observed in the type of compound as well as the dose and duration of administration makes it difficult to adopt general recommendations and raise serious questions about their application in clinical practice.
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