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Yan X, Zhao X, Du Y, Wang H, Liu L, Wang Q, Liu J, Wei S. Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 145:107075. [PMID: 38697605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the dynamics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and their efficacy against COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal serological analysis of 852 breakthrough COVID-19 infections among the community-based population in Yichang, China. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured by chemiluminescence at approximately 3, 4, and 9 months after infection. A linear mixed model predicted IgG antibody decline over 18 months. The effectiveness of antibodies in preventing symptomatic and severe infections was determined using an existing meta-regression model. RESULTS IgG antibodies slowly declined after breakthrough infections. Initially high at around 3 months (339.44 AU/mL, IQR: 262.78-382.95 AU/mL), levels remained significant at 9 months (297.74 AU/mL, IQR: 213.22-360.62 AU/mL). The elderly (≥60 years) had lower antibody levels compared to the young (<20 years) (P < 0.001). The protective efficacy of antibodies against symptomatic and severe infections was lower in the elderly (≥60 years) (78.34% and 86.33%) compared to the young (<20 years) (96.56% and 98.75%) after 1 year. CONCLUSION The study indicated a slow decline in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, maintaining considerable efficacy for over 1 year. However, lower levels in the elderly suggest reduced protective effects, underscoring the need for age-specific vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Du
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Wietschel KA, Fechtner K, Antileo E, Abdurrahman G, Drechsler CA, Makuvise MK, Rose R, Voß M, Krumbholz A, Michalik S, Weiss S, Ulm L, Franikowski P, Fickenscher H, Bröker BM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination - kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382911. [PMID: 38807606 PMCID: PMC11130424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity. While the serum antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied in depth, our knowledge of the underlying plasmablast and memory B cell (Bmem) responses is still incomplete. Here, we determined the antibody and B cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in a naïve population and contrasted it with the response to a single influenza vaccination in a primed cohort. In addition, we analyzed the antibody and B cell responses against the four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Methods Measurement of specific plasma IgG antibodies was combined with functional analyses of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and Bmems. SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-specific IgG antibodies were quantified with an in-house bead-based multiplexed immunoassay. Results The antibody and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination reflected the kinetics of a prime-boost immunization, characterized by a slow and moderate primary response and a faster and stronger secondary response. In contrast, the influenza vaccinees possessed robust immune memory for the vaccine antigens prior to vaccination, and the recall vaccination moderately boosted antibody production and Bmem responses. Antibody levels and Bmem responses waned several months after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination, but were restored upon the 3rd vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies mainly targeted novel, non-cross-reactive S1 epitopes of the viral spike protein, while cross-reactive S2 epitopes were less immunogenic. Booster vaccination not only strongly enhanced neutralizing antibodies against an original SARS-CoV-2 strain, but also induced neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 variant. We observed a 100% plasma antibody prevalence against the S1 subunits of HCoVs, which was not affected by vaccination. Discussion Overall, by complementing classical serology with a functional evaluation of plasmablasts and memory B cells we provide new insights into the specificity of COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian A. Wietschel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Fechtner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elmer Antileo
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Goran Abdurrahman
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chiara A. Drechsler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Voß
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lena Ulm
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Franikowski
- Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Jiang Y, Huang L, Liao H, Luo C, Zhang C, Mao W. Screening and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Among Unvaccinated Blood Donors in Chongqing, China. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e85. [PMID: 38699831 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody among unvaccinated voluntary blood donors in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for epidemic surveillance. METHODS A total of 10,208 voluntary blood donors from January 5 to January 20, 2021, in the Chongqing area were collected, and the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies were detected by chemiluminescence, and the differences of antibody-positive rate in different gender, age, ABO blood group, and different risk areas were analyzed. RESULTS Among 10208 blood donors, 10 were found to be positive for SARS-COV-2 IgG antibody, giving a positivity rate of SARS-COV-2 IgG at 0.10%, and 29 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody, with a positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgM at 0.28%. There was no statistical difference in the positive rate of antibody among different genders, ages, and ABO blood types, but it was related to the number of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in each city. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rate in Chongqing was low and correlated with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Wanzhou Blood Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Chenghui Luo
- Wanzhou Blood Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Wei Mao
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing, China
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4
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Livieratos A, Gogos C, Akinosoglou K. Impact of Prior COVID-19 Immunization and/or Prior Infection on Immune Responses and Clinical Outcomes. Viruses 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38793566 PMCID: PMC11125779 DOI: 10.3390/v16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular and humoral immunity exhibit dynamic adaptation to the mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is noteworthy that immune responses differ significantly, influenced by whether a patient has received vaccination or whether there is co-occurrence of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, known as hybrid immunity. The different immune reactions, conditional on vaccination status and the viral variant involved, bear implications for inflammatory responses, patient outcomes, pathogen transmission rates, and lingering post-COVID conditions. Considering these developments, we have performed a review of recently published literature, aiming to disentangle the intricate relationships among immunological profiles, transmission, the long-term health effects post-COVID infection poses, and the resultant clinical manifestations. This investigation is directed toward understanding the variability in the longevity and potency of cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by immunization and hybrid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; (C.G.); (K.A.)
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; (C.G.); (K.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
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Das AK, Islam F, Alvi Y, Dudeja M, Ahmad M, Rahman A, Roy S, Aamir, Ahmed M. SARS-CoV-2 infection and seropositivity among household contacts of laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 in residents of Delhi, India. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102603. [PMID: 38292028 PMCID: PMC10826300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmission of respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, is often facilitated through household contact. To better understand the transmission rate of COVID-19 among households and factors that affect viral clearance and seroconversion, a case-ascertained community-based prospective study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2021 on the urban population of the national capital region of India. The study collected nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th day, and blood samples for antibody detection on the 1st, 14th, and 28th day from household contacts (HCs) of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. The study monitored the demographic data, symptoms, and outcomes of 417 participants, including 99 index cases and 318 contacts, for a period of 28 days. The results of the study showed that SARS-CoV-2 was easily spread within households, with a secondary infection rate of 44.3 %. In fact, almost 70 % of the contacts got infected within 1-2 days of identification of the index case, while 34 % remained asymptomatic. Sero-conversion was found in 35.6 % of the participants while 22.9 % did not produce antibodies after 28 days of infection. The study also revealed that females, spouses, older members, and primary care providers were at higher risk of getting infected in a home setting. However, approximately one-third of individuals in the younger age group managed to avoid infection. The study demonstrated that most infected individuals became RT-PCR negative within two weeks, although viral clearance was delayed in older patients and those with lower cycle threshold values in RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farzana Islam
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yasir Alvi
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mridu Dudeja
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium, 1, Africa Avenue, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anisur Rahman
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium, 1, Africa Avenue, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sushovan Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Aamir
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Maroof Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Wang M, Zhou B, Fan Q, Zhou X, Liao X, Lin J, Ma Z, Dong J, Wang H, Ge X, Ju B, Zhang Z. Omicron variants escape the persistent SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents regardless of vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2151381. [PMID: 36444724 PMCID: PMC9809350 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, a comprehensive evaluation of long-term efficacy of antibody response in convalescent individuals is urgently needed. Several longitudinal studies had reported the antibody dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 acute infection, but the follow-up was mostly limited to 1 year or 18 months at the maximum. In this study, we investigated the durability, potency, and susceptibility to immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody in COVID-19 convalescents for 2 years after discharge. These results showed the persistent antibody-dependent immunity could protect against the WT and Delta variant to some extent. However, the Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5) largely escaped this preexisting immunity in recovered individuals. Furthermore, we revealed that inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV, CoronaVac, or KCONVAC) could improve the plasma neutralization and help to maintain the broadly neutralizing antibodies at a certain level. Notably, with the time-dependent decline of antibody, 1-dose or 2-dose vaccination strategy seemed not to be enough to provide immune protection against the emerging variants. Overall, these results facilitated our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-induced antibody memory, contributing to the development of immunization strategy against SARS-CoV-2 variants for such a large number of COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Fan
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Lin
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Ma
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingke Dong
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Bin Ju Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Zheng Zhang Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Bin Ju Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Zheng Zhang Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Wang J, Liu T, Gu S, Yang HH, Xie W, Gao C, Gu D. Cytoplasm Hydrogelation-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Sponge Alleviated Coxsackievirus B3 Infection. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8881-8890. [PMID: 37751402 PMCID: PMC10573321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC), commonly caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, lacks specific treatments and leads to serious heart conditions. Current treatments, such as IFNα and ribavirin, show limited effectiveness. Herein, rather than inhibiting virus replication, this study introduces a novel cardiomyocyte sponge, intracellular gelated cardiomyocytes (GCs), to trap and neutralize CVB3 via a receptor-ligand interaction, such as CAR and CD55. By maintaining cellular morphology, GCs serve as sponges for CVB3, inhibiting infection. In vitro results revealed that GCs could inhibit CVB3 infection on HeLa cells. In vivo, GCs exhibited a strong immune escape ability and effectively inhibited CVB3-induced viral myocarditis with a high safety profile. The most significant implication of this study is to develop a universal antivirus infection strategy via intracellular gelation of the host cell, which can be employed not only for treating defined pathogenic viruses but also for a rapid response to infection outbreaks caused by mutable and unknown viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Wang
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen
Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tonggong Liu
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Siyao Gu
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical
and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui-hui Yang
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical
and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,
Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen 518035, China
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8
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Wan EYF, Zhang R, Mathur S, Yan VKC, Lai FTT, Chui CSL, Li X, Wong CKH, Chan EWY, Lau CS, Wong ICK. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in older persons: multi-organ complications and mortality. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad082. [PMID: 37310901 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence on long-term associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and risks of multi-organ complications and mortality in older population is limited. This study evaluates these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The cohorts included patients aged ≥60 year diagnosed with COVID-19 infection (cases), between 16 March 2020 and 31 May 2021 from the UK Biobank; and between 01 April 2020 and 31 May 2022 from the electronic health records in Hong Kong. Each patient was randomly matched with individuals without COVID-19 infection based on year of birth and sex and were followed for up to 18 months until 31 August 2021 for UKB, and up to 28 months until 15 August 2022 for HK cohort. Patients with COVID-19 infection over 6 months after the date of last dose of vaccination and their corresponding controls were excluded from our study. Characteristics between cohorts were further adjusted with Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting. For evaluating long-term association of COVID-19 with multi-organ disease complications and mortality after 21-days of diagnosis, Cox regression was employed. RESULT 10,759 (UKB) and 165,259 (HK) older adults with COVID-19 infection with matched 291,077 (UKB) and 1,100,394 (HK) non-COVID-19-diagnosed older adults were recruited. Older adults with COVID-19 were associated with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes [major cardiovascular disease (stroke, heart failure and coronary heart disease): hazard ratio(UKB): 1.4 (95% Confidence interval: 1.1,1.6), HK:1.2 (95% CI: 1.1,1.3)]; myocardial infarction: HR(UKB): 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3,2.4), HK:1.2 (95% CI: 1.0,1.4)]; respiratory outcomes [interstitial lung disease: HR(UKB: 3.4 (95% CI: 2.5,4.5), HK: 4.0 (95% CI: 1.3,12.8); chronic pulmonary disease: HR(UKB): 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3,2.2), HK:1.6 (95% CI: 1.3,2.1)]; neuropsychiatric outcomes [seizure: HR(UKB): 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7,4.1), HK: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2,2.1)]; and renal outcomes [acute kidney disease: HR(UKB): 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1,1.6), HK:1.6 (95% CI: 1.3,2.1)]; and all-cause mortality [HR(UKB): 4.9 (95% CI: 4.4,5.4), HK:2.5 (95% CI: 2.5,2.6)]. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with long-term risks of multi-organ complications in older adults (aged ≥ 60). Infected patients in this age-group may benefit from appropriate monitoring of signs/symptoms for developing these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sukriti Mathur
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Ka Chun Yan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Celine Sze Ling Chui
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carlos King Ho Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Esther Wai Yin Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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9
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Xu J, Zheng J, Tan Y, Cai J, Xiang Y, Ling H, Li Z, Bai Q. Longitudinal Observation of Immune Response for 23 Months in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients After Infection and Vaccination. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:389-400. [PMID: 37276049 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response, a prospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted on longitudinal immune response in 34 COVID-19 convalescent patients over 23 months in Chongqing. Two blood samples from convalescent patients were collected, first sample collected during 10-13 months (M10-13) after infection (pre-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination) and second sample collected during 20-23 months (M20-23) after infection (post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination). The SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity were traced by testing total antibody (Ab), anti-nucleocapsid (NP) immunoglobulin M (IgM), anti-NP immunoglobulin G (IgG), and anti-spike (S) IgG Abs, lymphocyte subset count, and Th1 cytokines. Healthy donors (30) were also included in the study as the uninspected healthy controls. Our data showed significant change in mean titer of SARS-CoV-2-specific Ab response from M10-13 to M20-23 included, namely, SARS-CoV-2-specific total Ab as 219 AU/mL increasing to 750.9 AU/mL; anti-NP IgM as 3.5 AU/mL decreasing significantly (p < 0.001) to 0.6 AU/mL; anti-NP IgG as 7.9 AU/mL increasing to 87.1 AU/mL; and anti-S IgG as 499.0 RU/mL increasing to 1,802.3 RU/mL. Our observations suggested that one vaccine dose might have been sufficient for COVID-19 convalescent patients. Larger sample sizes are needed to compare better immune effect of protein subunit vaccine. Besides, compared to healthy donors, patients had decreased CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts during two periods. Patients had most cytokines recovered normally within 2 years, but IL-6 level was significantly elevated; however, IL-6 was negatively correlated with IgM and positively correlated with IgG. Changes in cytokines might have been caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Patients with comorbidities were associated with decreased CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and lower Ab titers following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Vaccination enormously increased humoral immunity beneficial in COVID-19 convalescent patients. Elderly COVID-19 convalescent patients with comorbidities needed more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Xu
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People's Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cai
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Xiang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Ling
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Lin B, Cheng L, Zhang J, Yang M, Zhang Y, Liu J, Qin X. Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 545:117390. [PMID: 37187222 PMCID: PMC10182659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive elucidation of humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination is critical for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis in general and developing antibody-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies specifically. Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, significant scientific research has been conducted worldwide using omics, sequencing and immunologic approaches. These studies have been critical to the successful development of vaccines. Here, the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic epitopes, humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins and non-structural proteins, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, and T-cell responses in convalescents and vaccinated individuals are reviewed. Additionally, we explore the integrated analysis of proteomic and metabolomic data to examine mechanisms of organ injury and identify potential biomarkers. Insight into the immunologic diagnosis of COVID-19 and improvements of laboratory methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical, University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical, University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical, University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical, University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical, University, Shenyang 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang 110004, China.
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11
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Aleksova M, Todorova Y, Emilova R, Baymakova M, Yancheva N, Andonova R, Zasheva A, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Nikolova M. Virus-Specific Stem Cell Memory CD8+ T Cells May Indicate a Long-Term Protection against Evolving SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071280. [PMID: 37046496 PMCID: PMC10093371 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is key for establishing herd immunity and limiting the spread of the virus. The duration and qualities of T-cell-mediated protection in the settings of constantly evolving pathogens remain an open question. We conducted a cross-sectional study of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses at several time points over 18 months (30–750 days) post mild/moderate infection with the aim to identify suitable methods and biomarkers for evaluation of long-term T-cell memory in peripheral blood. Included were 107 samples from 95 donors infected during the periods 03/2020–07/2021 and 09/2021–03/2022, coinciding with the prevalence of B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants in Bulgaria. SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ+ T cells were measured in ELISpot in parallel with flow cytometry detection of AIM+ total and stem cell-like memory (TSCM) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after in vitro stimulation with peptide pools corresponding to the original and delta variants. We show that, unlike IFNγ+ T cells, AIM+ virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM are more adequate markers of T cell memory, even beyond 18 months post-infection. In the settings of circulating and evolving viruses, CD8+ TSCM is remarkably stable, back-differentiated into effectors, and delivers immediate protection, regardless of the initial priming strain.
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12
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Surekha MV, Suneetha N, Balakrishna N, Putcha UK, Satyanarayana K, Geddam JJB, Sreenu P, Tulja B, Mamidi RS, Rutter GA, Meur G. Impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy on placental pathology, maternal and neonatal outcome - A cross-sectional study on anemic term pregnant women from a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1092104. [PMID: 37025411 PMCID: PMC10070875 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy may cause adverse maternal, neonatal and placental outcomes. While tissue hypoxia is often reported in COVID-19 patients, pregnant women with anemia are suspected to be more prone to placental hypoxia-related injuries. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August-November 2021, during COVID-19 second wave in India. Term pregnant women (N=212) admitted to hospital for delivery were enrolled consecutively. Since hospital admission mandated negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 virus, none had active infection. Data on socio-demography, COVID-19 history, maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Pre-delivery maternal and post-delivery cord blood samples were tested for hematological parameters and SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Placentae were studied for histology. Results Of 212 women, 122 (58%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but none reported COVID-19 history; 134 (63.2%) were anemic. In seropositive women, hemoglobin (p=0.04), total WBC (p=0.009), lymphocytes (p=0.005) and neutrophils (p=0.02) were significantly higher, while ferritin was high, but not significant and neutrophils to lymphocytes (p=0.12) and platelets to lymphocytes ratios (p=0.03) were lower. Neonatal outcomes were similar. All RBC parameters and serum ferritin were significantly lower in anemic mothers but not in cord blood, except RDW that was significantly higher in both, maternal (p=0.007) and cord (p=0.008) blood from seropositive anemic group compared to other groups. Placental histology showed significant increase in villous hypervascularity (p=0.000), dilated villous capillaries (p=0.000), and syncytiotrophoblasts (p=0.02) in seropositive group, typically suggesting placental hypoxia. Maternal anemia was not associated with any histological parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of placental histopathological adverse outcomes showed strong association with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity but not with maternal anemia. When adjusted for several covariates, including anemia, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity emerged as independent risk factor for severe chorangiosis (AOR 8.74, 95% CI 3.51-21.76, p<0.000), dilated blood vessels (AOR 12.74, 95% CI 5.46-29.75, p<0.000), syncytiotrophoblasts (AOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.36-5.99, p=0.005) and villus agglutination (AOR 9.27, 95% CI 3.68-23.32, p<0.000). Conclusion Asymptomatic COVID-19 during pregnancy seemed to be associated with various abnormal placental histopathologic changes related to placental hypoxia independent of maternal anemia status. Our data supports an independent role of SARS-CoV-2 in causing placental hypoxia in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Surekha
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Suneetha
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Government Area Hospital, Nampally, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Balakrishna
- Department of Statistics, Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - K. Satyanarayana
- Pathology and Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. J. Babu Geddam
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pagidoju Sreenu
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - B. Tulja
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Sriswan Mamidi
- Clinical Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Centre of Research of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gargi Meur
- Cell Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Carvalho Á, Henriques AR, Queirós P, Rodrigues J, Mendonça N, Rodrigues AM, Canhão H, de Sousa G, Antunes F, Guimarães M. Persistence of IgG COVID-19 antibodies: A longitudinal analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1069898. [PMID: 36703818 PMCID: PMC9872107 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1069898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The kinetics of antibody production in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is not well-defined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its dynamics during 9-months in a cohort of patients infected during the first phase of the pandemic. As a secondary aim, it was intended to evaluate the factors associated with different concentrations of IgG antibodies. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2020 to January 2021. This study recruited a convenience sample of adult individuals who where recently diagnosed with COVID-19 and were living in mainland Portugal. A total of 1,695 blood samples were collected from 585 recovered COVID-19 patients up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 acute infection. A blood sample was collected at baseline and three, 6 and 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 acute infection to assess the concentration of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2. Results The positivity rate of IgG reached 77.7% in the first 3 months after symptom onset. The IgG persists at all subsequent follow-up time-points, which was 87.7 and 89.2% in the 6th and 9th months after symptom onset, respectively. Three distinct kinetics of antibody response were found within the 9 months after infection. Kinetic 1 (K1) was characterized by a constant low IgG antibody concentration kinetic (group size: 65.2%); kinetic 2 (K2), composed by constant moderate IgG kinetic (group size: 27.5%) and kinetic 3 (K3) characterized by higher IgG kinetic (group size: 7.3%). People with ≥56 years old (OR: 3.33; CI 95%: [1.64; 6.67]; p-value: 0.001) and symptomatic COVID-19 (OR: 2.08; CI 95%: [1.08; 4.00]; p-value: 0.031) had higher odds of a "Moderate IgG kinetic." No significant association were found regarding the "Higher IgG kinetic." Conclusion Our results demonstrate a lasting anti-spike (anti-S) IgG antibody response at least 9 months after infection in the majority of patients with COVID-19. Younger participants with asymptomatic disease have lower IgG antibody positivity and possibly more susceptible to reinfection. This information contributes to expanding knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 immune response and has direct implications in the adoption of preventive strategies and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rita Henriques
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,*Correspondence: Ana Rita Henriques ✉
| | | | | | - Nuno Mendonça
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Helena Canhão
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Germano de Sousa
- Germano de Sousa Group- Centro de Medicina Laboratorial, Pólo Tecnológico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Antunes
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Petersen MS, Pérez-Alós L, Armenteros JJA, Hansen CB, Fjallsbak JP, Larsen S, Hansen JL, Jarlhelt I, Kristiansen MF, Við Streym F, Á Steig B, Christiansen DH, Møller LF, Strøm M, Andorsdóttir G, Gaini S, Weihe P, Garred P. Factors influencing the immune response over 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal population-wide study in the Faroe Islands. J Intern Med 2023; 293:63-81. [PMID: 35996938 PMCID: PMC9539344 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and the resulting immunity to COVID-19 is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS In this nationwide, longitudinal study, we determined antibody response in 411 patients aged 0-93 years from two waves of infections (March to December 2020) contributing 1063 blood samples. Each individual had blood drawn on 4-5 occasions 1-15 months after disease onset. We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody using a qualitative RBD sandwich ELISA, IgM, IgG and IgA levels using an quantitative in-house ELISA-based assay and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) using an in-house ELISA-based pseudoneutralizing assay. IgG subclasses were analyzed in a subset of samples by ELISA-based assay. We used nonlinear models to study the durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and its influence over time. RESULTS After 15 months, 94% still had detectable circulating antibodies, mainly the IgG isotype, and 92% had detectable NAbs. The distribution of IgG antibodies varied significantly over time, characterized by a biphasic pattern with an initial decline followed by a plateau after approximately 7 months. However, the NAbs remained relatively stable throughout the period. The strength of the antibody response was influenced by smoking and hospitalization, with lower IgG levels in smokers and higher levels in hospitalized individuals. Antibody stability over time was mainly associated with male sex and older age with higher initial levels but more marked decrease. CONCLUSIONS The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection varies depending on behavioral factors and disease severity, and antibody stability over 15 months was associated with sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Juan A Armenteros
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cecilie B Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sólrun Larsen
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marnar F Kristiansen
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,COVID-19 Task Force, Ministry of Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fríða Við Streym
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjarni Á Steig
- COVID-19 Task Force, Ministry of Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | | | - Marin Strøm
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shahin Gaini
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li E, Han Q, Bi J, Wei S, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Feng N, Wang T, Wu J, Yang S, Zhao Y, Liu B, Yan F, Xia X. Therapeutic equine hyperimmune antibodies with high and broad-spectrum neutralizing activity protect rodents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1066730. [PMID: 36875106 PMCID: PMC9981790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1066730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants stresses the continued need for broad-spectrum therapeutic antibodies. Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or cocktails have been introduced for clinical use. However, unremitting emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants showed reduced neutralizing efficacy by vaccine induced polyclonal antibodies or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In our study, polyclonal antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments with strong affinity produced after equine immunization with RBD proteins produced strong affinity. Notably, specific equine IgG and F(ab')2 have broad and high neutralizing activity against parental virus, all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including B.1.1,7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, P.1, B.1.1.529 and BA.2, and all variants of interest (VOIs) including B.1.429, P.2, B.1.525, P.3, B.1.526, B.1.617.1, C.37 and B.1.621. Although some variants weaken the neutralizing ability of equine IgG and F(ab')2 fragments, they still exhibited superior neutralization ability against mutants compared to some reported monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, we tested the pre-exposure and post-exposure protective efficacy of the equine immunoglobulin IgG and F(ab')2 fragments in lethal mouse and susceptible golden hamster models. Equine immunoglobulin IgG and F(ab')2 fragments effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, fully protected BALB/c mice from the lethal challenge, and reduced golden hamster's lung pathological change. Therefore, equine pAbs are an adequate, broad coverage, affordable and scalable potential clinical immunotherapy for COVID-19, particularly for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs or VOIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuxue Han
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhao Bi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Wei
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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16
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Wang C, Yang S, Duan L, Du X, Tao J, Wang Y, Yang J, Lv Y, Li J, Zhang C, Wen J, Zhu Y, Chang L, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhao W. Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine. Virol J 2022; 19:223. [PMID: 36550578 PMCID: PMC9774075 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive immune response has been thought to play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The role of B cells, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells are different in vaccine-induced immune response, thus it is imperative to explore the functions and kinetics of adaptive immune response. We collected blood samples from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. To assess the mechanisms contributing to protective immunity of CoronaVac vaccines, we mapped the kinetics and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after primary and boost vaccination with CoronaVac vaccine in different timepoints. MATERIALS AND METHODS We separate PBMC and plasma from blood samples. The differentiation and function of RBD-spcific CD4+T and CD8+T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. Antibodies response was analyzed by ELISA. ELISPOT analysis was perfomed to detected the RBD-spcific memory B cells. CBA analysis was performed to detected the cytokine immune profiles. Graphpad prism 8 and Origin 2021 were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Vaccine-induced CD4+T cell responses to RBD were more prominent than CD8+T cell responses, and characterized by a predominant Th1 and weak Th17 helper response. CoronaVac vaccine triggered predominant IgG1 antibody response and effectively recalled specific antibodies to RBD protein after booster vaccination. Robust antigen-specific memory B cells were detected (p < 0.0001) following booster vaccination and maintained at 6 months (p < 0.0001) following primary vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD4+T cells correlated with CD8+T cells (r = 0.7147, 0.3258, p < 0.0001, p = 0.04), memory B cell responses (r = 0.7083, p < 0.0001), and IgG and IgA (r = 0.6168, 0.5519, p = 0.0006, 0.003) after vaccination. In addition, vaccine induced a broader and complex cytokine pattern in plasma at early stage. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results highlight the potential role of B cell and T cell responses in vaccine-induced long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Songhao Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangwei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiancai Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Tao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Yana Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Junliang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
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17
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Liang H, Nian X, Wu J, Liu D, Feng L, Lu J, Peng Y, Zhou Z, Deng T, Liu J, Ji D, Qiu R, Lin L, Zeng Y, Xia F, Hu Y, Li T, Duan K, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhu C, Wang S, Wu X, Wang X, Li Y, Huang S, Mao M, Guo H, Yang Y, Jia R, Xufang J, Wang X, Liang S, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Ding Y, Li C, Zhang J, Fu D, He Y, Zhou D, Li C, Zhang J, Yu D, Yang XM. COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan. Cell Discov 2022; 8:131. [PMID: 36494338 PMCID: PMC9734167 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Lu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Deng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Deming Ji
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ran Qiu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianzhen Lin
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xia
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Taojing Li
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shihe Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Mao
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Wuxue Wusheng Plasma Collection Center, Wuxue, Hubei, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jia
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Xufang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhixin Qiu
- Wuhan Biobank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Wuhan Biobank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaling Ding
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daoxing Fu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongbo Zhou
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Cesheng Li
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ding Yu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
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18
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Schuster DJ, Karuna S, Brackett C, Wesley M, Li SS, Eisel N, Tenney D, Hilliard S, Yates NL, Heptinstall JR, Williams LD, Shen X, Rolfe R, Cabello R, Zhang L, Sawant S, Hu J, Randhawa AK, Hyrien O, Hural JA, Corey L, Frank I, Tomaras GD, Seaton KE. Lower SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity in people living with HIV-1 recovered from nonhospitalized COVID-19. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158402. [PMID: 36136590 PMCID: PMC9675463 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) exhibit more rapid antibody decline following routine immunization and elevated baseline chronic inflammation than people without HIV-1 (PWOH), indicating potential for diminished humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conflicting reports have emerged on the ability of PLWH to maintain humoral protection against SARS-CoV-2 coinfection during convalescence. It is unknown whether peak COVID-19 severity, along with HIV-1 infection status, associates with the quality and quantity of humoral immunity following recovery. Using a cross-sectional observational cohort from the United States and Peru, adults were enrolled 1-10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis or symptom resolution. Serum antibodies were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-specific response rates, binding magnitudes, ACE2 receptor blocking, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Overall, (a) PLWH exhibited a trend toward decreased magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, despite modestly increased overall response rates when compared with PWOH; (b) PLWH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19 had comparatively diminished immune responses; and (c) PLWH lacked a corresponding increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with increased COVID-19 severity when asymptomatic versus symptomatic outpatient disease was compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Schuster
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Martina Wesley
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Shuying S. Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathan Eisel
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - DeAnna Tenney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | | | - Nicole L. Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | | | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Robert Rolfe
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Jiani Hu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - April Kaur Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John A. Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly E. Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
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19
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Duan LJ, Jiang WG, Wang ZY, Yao L, Zhu KL, Meng QC, Wang BS, Li LB, Wang GL, Ma MJ. Neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 by infection and vaccination. iScience 2022; 25:104886. [PMID: 35966041 PMCID: PMC9359924 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variant has raised questions regarding resistance to neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or immunization. We examined the neutralization activity of sera collected from previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals who received BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac to BA.1 and the earlier variants Alpha, Beta, and Delta. Both sera from convalescent patients over three months after infection and two-dose BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac vaccine recipients barely inhibited BA.1, less effectively neutralized Beta and Delta, and moderately neutralized Alpha. However, administering a single dose of BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac in previously infected individuals or a third dose booster vaccination of BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac in previously vaccinated individuals enhances neutralizing activity against BA.1 and other variants, albeit with a lower antibody titer for BA.1. Our data suggest that a booster vaccination is important to broaden neutralizing antibody responses against the variants. Limited duration of antibody response against BA.1 in convalescent individuals Infection before BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac vaccination boosts neutralization Two doses of BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac elicit limited neutralizing activity against VOCs Neutralization breadth for BA.1 is boosted by a third dose of BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Guo Jiang
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Zhuang-Ye Wang
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ka-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Meng
- Ningjin County Community Health Service Center, Dezhou, China
| | - Bao-Shan Wang
- Decheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, China
| | - Li-Bo Li
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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20
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Tang YF, Han JY, Ren AM, Chen L, Xue TJ, Yan YH, Wang X, Wang Y, Jin RH. Assessment of Long-Term Effects on Pulmonary Functions Between Severe and Non-Severe Convalescent COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Center Study in China. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4751-4761. [PMID: 36017172 PMCID: PMC9397529 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s371283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the long-term effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection on the pulmonary function in the severe convalescent COVID-19 patients for 6 to 9 months follow-up in Beijing, China. Methods A total of 64 cases of COVID-19 patients were recruited for the study and discharged from the Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, for 6 to 9 months. COVID-19 patients were divided into non-severe (mild and moderate) and severe groups. The follow-up investigated the lung function tests, the novel coronavirus antibody (IgM and IgG), chest CT and blood tests. Results About 25.00% (16/64) patients had pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and 35.9% (23/64) had diffusion dysfunction. In the severe group, 56.50% (13/23) individuals showed decreased diffusion function. The diffusion dysfunction of the severe group was significantly decreased than the non-severe group (P = 0.01). Among 56 cases, the positive rate of IgG titers was 73.2% (41/56). The result of chest CT showed 55.36% (31/56) cases in nodules, 44.64% (25/56) in strip-like changes, 37.5% (21/56) in-ground glass shadow, and 5.36% (3/56) in grid shadow, which was significantly different between the severe group and the non-severe group. Patients tended to have ground glass changes in the severe group while nodules in the non-severe group. Conclusion For the 6 to 9 months in convalescent COVID-19 patients, 56.50% (13/23) of severe patients had pulmonary diffusion dysfunction. Convalescent COVID-19 patients should have their pulmonary function regularly tested, especially those with severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fen Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yan Han
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Xue
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Yan
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Hua Jin
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.,Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102299, People's Republic of China
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21
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Moody R, Sonda S, Johnston FH, Smith KJ, Stephens N, McPherson M, Flanagan KL, Plebanski M. Antibodies against Spike protein correlate with broad autoantigen recognition 8 months post SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and anti-calprotectin autoantibodies associated with better clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945021. [PMID: 36032086 PMCID: PMC9403331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to multiple targets are found during acute COVID-19. Whether all, or some, persist after 6 months, and their correlation with sustained anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity, is still controversial. Herein, we measured antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Wuhan-Hu-1 nucleoprotein (NP), whole spike (S), spike subunits (S1, S2 and receptor binding domain (RBD)) and Omicron spike) and 102 human proteins with known autoimmune associations, in plasma from healthcare workers 8 months post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (n=31 with confirmed COVID-19 disease and n=21 uninfected controls (PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2 negative) at baseline). IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were significantly higher in the convalescent cohort than the healthy cohort, highlighting lasting antibody responses up to 8 months post-infection. These were also shown to be cross-reactive to the Omicron variant spike protein at a similar level to lasting anti-RBD antibodies (correlation r=0.89). Individuals post COVID-19 infection recognised a common set of autoantigens, specific to this group in comparison to the healthy controls. Moreover, the long-term level of anti-Spike IgG was associated with the breadth of autoreactivity post-COVID-19. There were further moderate positive correlations between anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses and 11 specific autoantigens. The most commonly recognised autoantigens were found in the COVID-19 convalescent cohort. Although there was no overall correlation in self-reported symptom severity and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, anti-calprotectin antibodies were associated with return to healthy normal life 8 months post infection. Calprotectin was also the most common target for autoantibodies, recognized by 22.6% of the overall convalescent cohort. Future studies may address whether, counter-intuitively, such autoantibodies may play a protective role in the pathology of long-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiane Moody
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Public Health Services, Department of Health, Tasmania, TAS, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Smith
- Public Health Services, Department of Health, Tasmania, TAS, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nicola Stephens
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michelle McPherson
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Plebanski,
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22
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Lin Y, Zhu J, Liu Z, Li C, Guo Y, Wang Y, Chen K. Kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection antibody responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864278. [PMID: 35990623 PMCID: PMC9389018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world, causing severe morbidity and mortality. Since the first reports of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, research on the characteristics of specific humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 has made great progress. However, our knowledge of persistent humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited. The existence of protective immunity after infection will affect future transmission and disease severity. Therefore, it is important to gather knowledge about the kinetics of antibody responses. In this review, we summarize the information obtained so far on the characteristics and kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection of specific humoral immune response, especially in neutralizing antibodies and their relationship with disease severity. In addition, with the emergence of variants of concern, we summarize the neutralizing effect of specific humoral immunity on variants of concern after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Lin
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongming Liu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Guo
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Keda Chen,
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Keda Chen,
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23
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Liang B, Xiang T, Wang H, Li Z, Quan X, Feng X, Li S, Lu S, Fan L, Xu L, Wang T, Wang X, Zhu B, Wang J, Yang D, Liu J, Zheng X. Robust humoral and cellular immune responses in long-term convalescent COVID-19 individuals following one-dose SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966098. [PMID: 35979361 PMCID: PMC9377315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths worldwide. Preliminary results exhibited excellent efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in preventing hospitalization and severe disease. However, data on inactivated vaccine-induced immune responses of naturally infected patients are limited. Here, we characterized SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concerns (VOCs), as well as RBD-specific IgG-secreting B cells and antigen-specific T cells respectively in 51 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects and 63 healthy individuals. In SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients, a single dose vaccine is sufficient to reactivate robust anti-S-RBD IgG and NAbs. The neutralizing capacity against VOCs increased significantly post-vaccination no matter healthy individuals or SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients. In addition, RBD-specific IgG-secreting B cells in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients were significantly higher than that in healthy vaccine recipients. After the vaccine booster, the frequencies of specific IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cell, IL-2+ CD4+ T cell, and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cell responses were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients. Our data highlighted the safety and utility of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and demonstrated that robust humoral and cellular immune response can be reactivated by one-dose inactivated vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihong Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng,
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of studying antiviral immunity within sites of infection to gain insights into mechanisms for immune protection and disease pathology. As SARS-CoV-2 is tropic to the respiratory tract, many studies of airway washes, lymph node aspirates, and postmortem lung tissue have revealed site-specific immune dynamics that are associated with the protection or immunopathology but are not readily observed in circulation. This review summarizes the growing body of work identifying immune processes in tissues and their interplay with immune responses in circulation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, and memory persistence. Establishment of tissue resident immunity also may have implications for vaccination and the durability of immune memory and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia Davis‐Porada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of SurgeryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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25
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Lagousi T, Routsias J, Mavrouli M, Papadatou I, Geropeppa M, Spoulou V. Comparative Characterization of Human Antibody Response Induced by BNT162b2 Vaccination vs. SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081210. [PMID: 36016097 PMCID: PMC9416143 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 immunization or natural infection is thought to be evanescent. In our study, we aimed to longitudinally characterize the kinetics of antibody titers after dual BNT162b2 immunization or wild-type infection. Vaccinated and recovered individuals displayed distinct antibody kinetics, as convalescents had detectable RBD-, S1-specific, and neutralizing IgG antibody titers two weeks post-infection that gradually increased longitudinally, while RBD-, S1-specific, and neutralizing IgG were detected in vaccinees after the first dose, increased significantly 3 weeks post the second dose and decreased significantly 4–5 months thereafter. Neutralizing IgG was significantly higher initially in convalescent individuals; however, vaccines displayed significantly higher neutralizing antibodies 4–5 months post the second dose. In both groups, there was a strong negative association between elapsed time and antibody levels. The avidity of anti-RBD antibody titers increased significantly in patients longitudinally, while in vaccinees initially increased, with subsequent decrease, remaining however higher than antibody avidity of recovered individuals at all time-points. Anti-RBD antibodies were strongly correlated with neutralizing and anti-S1 antibodies in both groups at all time-points. This study facilitates our further understanding of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theano Lagousi
- Immunology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.P.); (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Athens Medical School, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-21-07467620
| | - John Routsias
- Department of Microbiology, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (J.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mavrouli
- Department of Microbiology, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (J.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Ioanna Papadatou
- Immunology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.P.); (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Athens Medical School, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Geropeppa
- Immunology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.P.); (M.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Vana Spoulou
- Immunology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.P.); (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Athens Medical School, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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26
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Yang J, Ma L, Guo L, Zhang T, Leng Z, Jia M, Chen F, Qi W, Zhang X, Wang Q, Yang Y, Feng L, Ren L, Yang W, Wang C. Seroprevalence and dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a longitudinal study based on patients with underlying diseases in Wuhan. Respir Res 2022; 23:188. [PMID: 35841095 PMCID: PMC9284953 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing the humoral immunity of patients with underlying diseases after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 is essential for adopting effective prevention and control strategies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the seroprevalence of people with underlying diseases and the dynamic change features of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Methods We selected 100 communities in Wuhan using the probability-proportional-to-size sampling method. From these 100 communities, we randomly selected households according to a list provided by the local government. Individuals who have lived in Wuhan for at least 14 days since December 2019 and were ≥ 40 years old were included. From April 9–13, 2020, community staff invited all selected individuals to the community healthcare center in batches by going door-to-door or telephone. All participants completed a standardized electronic questionnaire simultaneously. Finally, 5 ml of venous blood was collected from all participants. Blood samples were tested for the presence of pan-immunoglobulins, IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and neutralising antibodies were assessed. During the period June 11–13, 2020 and October 9–December 5, 2020, all family members of a positive family and matched negative families were followed up twice. Results The seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with underlying diseases was 6.30% (95% CI [5.09–7.52]), and that of people without underlying diseases was 6.12% (95% CI [5.33–6.91]). A total of 313 people were positive for total antibodies at baseline, of which 97 had underlying disease. At the first follow-up, a total of 212 people were positive for total antibodies, of which 66 had underlying disease. At the second follow-up, a total of 238 people were positive for total antibodies, of which 68 had underlying disease. A total of 219 participants had three consecutive serum samples with positive total antibodies at baseline. The IgG titers decreased significantly with or without underlying diseases (P < 0.05) within the 9 months at least, while the neutralizing antibody titer remained stable. The titer of asymptomatic patients was lower than that of symptomatic patients (baseline, P = 0.032, second follow-up, P = 0.018) in the underlying diseases group. Conclusion Our research focused on the serological changes of people with and without underlying diseases in a state of single natural infection. Regardless of the underlying diseases, the IgG titer decreased significantly over time, while there was no significant difference in the decline rate of IgG between with and without underlying diseases. Moreover, the neutralizing antibody titer remained relatively stable within the 9 months at least. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02096-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Ma
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Qi
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Supervision, National Medical Products Administration-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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27
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Garcia-Valtanen P, Hope CM, Masavuli MG, Yeow AEL, Balachandran H, Mekonnen ZA, Al-Delfi Z, Abayasingam A, Agapiou D, Stella AO, Aggarwal A, Bouras G, Gummow J, Ferguson C, O'Connor S, McCartney EM, Lynn DJ, Maddern G, Gowans EJ, Reddi BAJ, Shaw D, Kok-Lim C, Beard MR, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Turville SG, Bull RA, Barry SC, Grubor-Bauk B. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses more efficiently than other variants in mild COVID-19 convalescents. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100651. [PMID: 35654046 PMCID: PMC9110310 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents living in regions with low vaccination rates rely on post-infection immunity for protection against re-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluate humoral and T cell immunity against five variants of concern (VOCs) in mild-COVID-19 convalescents at 12 months after infection with ancestral virus. In this cohort, ancestral, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody and circulating memory B cell levels are conserved in most individuals, and yet serum neutralization against live B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is completely abrogated and significantly reduced for other VOCs. Likewise, ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell frequencies are maintained in >50% of convalescents, but the cytokine response in these cells to mutated spike epitopes corresponding to B.1.1.529 and B.1.351 (Beta) VOCs were impaired. These results indicate that increased antigen variability in VOCs impairs humoral and spike-specific T cell immunity post-infection, strongly suggesting that COVID-19 convalescents are vulnerable and at risk of re-infection with VOCs, thus stressing the importance of vaccination programs. Most mild COVID-19 convalescents maintain immunity at 12 months after disease onset B.1.1.529 escapes antibodies in convalescents infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 VOCs can partially avoid recognition by antigen-specific T cells Antigenic drift in SARS-CoV-2 VOCs significantly challenges convalescent immunity
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garcia-Valtanen
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hope
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Makutiro G Masavuli
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Arthur Eng Lip Yeow
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Zelalem A Mekonnen
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zahraa Al-Delfi
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - David Agapiou
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Bouras
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Jason Gummow
- Gene Silencing and Expression Core Facility, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Ferguson
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephanie O'Connor
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Erin M McCartney
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin A J Reddi
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Shaw
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chuan Kok-Lim
- Gene Silencing and Expression Core Facility, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stuart G Turville
- The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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28
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Jiménez D, Torres Arias M. Immunouniverse of SARS-CoV-2. Immunol Med 2022; 45:186-224. [PMID: 35502127 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2022.2066251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health problem that has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The infection can present with multiple clinical features ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients to patients with severe or critical illness that can even lead to death. Although the immune system plays an important role in pathogen control, SARS-CoV-2 can drive dysregulation of this response and trigger severe immunopathology. Exploring the mechanisms of the immune response involved in host defense against SARS-CoV-2 allows us to understand its immunopathogenesis and possibly detect features that can be used as potential therapies to eliminate the virus. The main objective of this review on SARS-CoV-2 is to highlight the interaction between the virus and the immune response. We explore the function and action of the immune system, the expression of molecules at the site of infection that cause hyperinflammation and hypercoagulation disorders, the factors leading to the development of pneumonia and subsequent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome which is the leading cause of death in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Marbel Torres Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, CENCINAT, GISAH, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Yu D, Li Y, Liang H, Wu J, Hu Y, Peng Y, Li T, Hou J, Huang W, Guan L, Han R, Xing Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Feng L, Li C, Liang X, Ding Y, Zhou Z, Ji D, Wang F, Yu J, Deng K, Xia D, Dong D, Hu H, Liu Y, Fu D, He Y, Zhou D, Yang H, Jia R, Ke C, Du T, Xie Y, Zhou R, Li C, Wang M, Yang X. Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Efficacy of COVID-19 Hyperimmune Globulin from Vaccine-Immunized Plasma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104333. [PMID: 35403837 PMCID: PMC9108634 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global public health threat. Hence, more effective and specific antivirals are urgently needed. Here, COVID-19 hyperimmune globulin (COVID-HIG), a passive immunotherapy, is prepared from the plasma of healthy donors vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine). COVID-HIG shows high-affinity binding to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the N-terminal domain of the S protein, and the nucleocapsid protein; and blocks RBD binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Pseudotyped and authentic virus-based assays show that COVID-HIG displays broad-spectrum neutralization effects on a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including D614G, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Kappa (B.1.617.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) in vitro. However, a significant reduction in the neutralization titer is detected against Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Additionally, assessments of the prophylactic and treatment efficacy of COVID-HIG in an Adv5-hACE2-transduced IFNAR-/- mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection show significantly reduced weight loss, lung viral loads, and lung pathological injury. Moreover, COVID-HIG exhibits neutralization potency similar to that of anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune globulin from pooled convalescent plasma. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of COVID-HIG against SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide reference for subsequent clinical trials.
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30
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Anda EE, Braaten T, Borch KB, Nøst TH, Chen SLF, Lukic M, Lund E, Forland F, Leon DA, Winje BA, Kran AMB, Kalager M, Johansen FL, Sandanger TM. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the adult population during the pre-vaccination period, Norway, winter 2020/21. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2100376. [PMID: 35362405 PMCID: PMC8973017 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.13.2100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSince March 2020, 440 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19, but the true number of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is higher. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence can add crucial epidemiological information about population infection dynamics.AimTo provide a large population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey from Norway; we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence before introduction of vaccines and described its distribution across demographic groups.MethodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 110,000 people aged 16 years or older were randomly selected during November-December 2020 and invited to complete a questionnaire and provide a dried blood spot (DBS) sample.ResultsThe response rate was 30% (31,458/104,637); compliance rate for return of DBS samples was 88% (27,700/31,458). National weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was 0.9% (95% CI (confidence interval): 0.7-1.0). Seroprevalence was highest among those aged 16-19 years (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.9-2.9), those born outside the Nordic countries 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0-1.9), and in the counties of Oslo 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2-2.2) and Vestland 1.4% (95% CI: 0.9-1.8). The ratio of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (0.9%) to cumulative incidence of virologically detected cases by mid-December 2020 (0.8%) was slightly above one. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low before introduction of vaccines in Norway and was comparable to virologically detected cases, indicating that most cases in the first 10 months of the pandemic were detected.ConclusionFindings suggest that preventive measures including contact tracing have been effective, people complied with physical distancing recommendations, and local efforts to contain outbreaks have been essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Eik Anda
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sairah L F Chen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - David A Leon
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mette Kalager
- Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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31
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García-Matarín L, Velilla-Zancada S, Trillo-Calvo E, Molina-Escribano F, Serrano-Cumplido A. [Potentially useful drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in Primary Care]. Semergen 2022; 48:137-148. [PMID: 34454827 PMCID: PMC8316068 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have exceeded any forecast made. Today we know that the level of severity of the infection in its initial stages will correspond to the evolution and the presence of sequelae in the future. There are no specific treatments that have shown sufficient evidence to allow their recommendation, especially in the mild-moderate stages of the disease. The anti-Covid vaccination is showing clear benefits, both in the prevention of the disease and in its evolution, with the consequent improvement in the numbers of those affected by the pandemic. The use of different drugs used in other indications has been proposed as possible beneficial treatments for COVID-19 that, if used, will be prescribed individually taking into account the characteristics and situation of the patient, the evolutionary phase of the disease as well as well as the limitations of the lack of evidence in its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Matarín
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud Aguadulce Sur, Almería, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, España
| | - S Velilla-Zancada
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud Joaquín Elizalde, Logroño, Servicio Riojano de Salud, España
| | - E Trillo-Calvo
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud Campo de Belchite, Zaragoza, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, España
| | - F Molina-Escribano
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud de Sisante, Cuenca, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, España
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32
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Zhou X, Cheng L, Wang H, Liao X, Wang M, Wei L, Song S, Zhou B, Ma Z, Guo H, Ge X, Ju B, Zhang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine enhances the broad neutralization against variants in individuals recovered from COVID-19 up to one year. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:753-756. [PMID: 35184681 PMCID: PMC8903755 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2043728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- Follow-up Department of Chronic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenghua Ma
- Follow-up Department of Chronic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory for anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory for anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China.,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
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33
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Zeng N, Chen X, Liu Z. Natural Products and Nanotechnology Against Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Chem 2022; 10:819969. [PMID: 35223771 PMCID: PMC8866311 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.819969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new and severe infectious disease and new global disaster and is spreading rapidly worldwide. Natural products have a long history and have been widely used to treat various acute, chronic, and even life-threatening diseases worldwide. However, the natural products have reduced bioavailability and availability as they have poor kinetic properties, such as large molecular weight, inability to cross lipid membranes, and weak absorption ability. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, using novel nanotechnology in conjunction with natural products can effectively eliminate the molecular restriction of the entry of nanoproducts into the body and can be used to diagnose and treat various diseases, including COVID-19, bringing new strategies and directions for medicine. This article reviews the role and implementation of natural products against COVID-19 based on nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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34
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Magnetic Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Binding B Cells for Analysis of Transcriptome and Antibody Repertoire. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating health impacts across the globe. The development of effective diagnostics and therapeutics will depend on the understanding of immune responses to natural infection and vaccination to the causative agent of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While both B-cell immunity and T-cell immunity are generated in SARS-CoV-2-infected and vaccinated individuals, B-cell-secreted antibodies are known to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus and protect from the disease. Although interest in characterizing SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells is great, the low frequency of antigen-binding B cells in human blood limits in-depth cellular profiling. To overcome this obstacle, we developed a magnetic bead-based approach to enrich SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells prior to transcriptional and antibody repertoire analysis by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we describe isolation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells from two seropositive donors and comparison to nonspecific B cells from a seronegative donor. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells can be distinguished on the basis of transcriptional profile and antibody repertoire. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells exhibit a gene expression pattern indicative of antigen experience and memory status. Combining scRNA-seq methods with magnetic enrichment enables the rapid characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells.
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35
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Claudiani S, Parker EL, Milojkovic D, Rosadas C, Khan A, Katsanovskaja K, Marchesin F, Khan M, Tedder RS, Innes AJ, McClure MO, Apperley JF. Long-term persistence of natural anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and mild impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CML patients: results from a seroprevalence study. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1504-1507. [PMID: 35068289 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2027403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Claudiani
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor L Parker
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dragana Milojkovic
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carolina Rosadas
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Afzal Khan
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ksenia Katsanovskaja
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federica Marchesin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard S Tedder
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Innes
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Myra O McClure
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Kannenberg J, Trawinski H, Henschler R, Buhmann R, Hönemann M, Jassoy C. OUP accepted manuscript. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:664-672. [PMID: 35104869 PMCID: PMC8903334 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kannenberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Trawinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raymund Buhmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Hönemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Please address correspondence to: Christian Jassoy, M. D., Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig. Fax: +49 341 9714309; phone: +49 341 9714314; E-mail:
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37
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Israel A, Shenhar Y, Green I, Merzon E, Golan-Cohen A, Schäffer AA, Ruppin E, Vinker S, Magen E. Large-Scale Study of Antibody Titer Decay following BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010064. [PMID: 35062724 PMCID: PMC8781423 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 is thought to decrease over time. We designed a retrospective study, conducted at Leumit Health Services in Israel, to determine the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, or SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals. Antibody titers were measured between 31 January 2021, and 31 July 2021 in two mutually exclusive groups: (i) vaccinated individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine and had no history of previous infection with COVID-19 and (ii) SARS-CoV-2 convalescents who had not received the vaccine. A total of 2653 individuals fully vaccinated by two doses of vaccine during the study period and 4361 convalescent patients were included. Higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were observed in vaccinated individuals (median 1581 AU/mL IQR [533.8–5644.6]) after the second vaccination than in convalescent individuals (median 355.3 AU/mL IQR [141.2–998.7]; p < 0.001). In vaccinated subjects, antibody titers decreased by up to 38% each subsequent month while in convalescents they decreased by less than 5% per month. Six months after BNT162b2 vaccination 16.1% subjects had antibody levels below the seropositivity threshold of <50 AU/mL, while only 10.8% of convalescent patients were below <50 AU/mL threshold after 9 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine have different kinetics of antibody levels compared to patients who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with higher initial levels but a much faster exponential decrease in the first group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Israel
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-697-0485
| | - Yotam Shenhar
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel; (Y.S.); (I.G.); (E.M.); (A.G.-C.); (S.V.); (E.M.)
- Medicine C Department, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
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Guo J, Li L, Wu Q, Li H, Li Y, Hou X, Yang F, Qin Z. Detection and predictors of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients at 8 months after symptom onset. Future Virol 2021; 0. [PMID: 34804188 PMCID: PMC8596336 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To determine SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG levels of patients with COVID-19 at 8 months after symptom onset and to explore the predictors of antibody levels. Materials & methods: The magnetic chemiluminescence method was used to measure the antibody levels. Clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 54 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 59.3% were IgM positive and 96.4% were IgG positive. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of RNA shedding, C-reactive protein level and disease severity were independent predictors of IgG levels. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients retained long-term viral-specific protective immunity. Disease severity, C-reactive protein level and duration of RNA shedding were related to antibody levels 8 months after symptom onset. This study aimed to detect the levels of antibodies made by the body in response to COVID-19, 8 months after infection. We reviewed the characteristics of 54 patients with a history COVID-19 to find factors that may influence antibody levels. The results showed that 8 months after infection, almost all the patients had sufficient antibody levels to protect them from another episode of COVID-19 and that antibody levels were especially well maintained in those with a history of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinwei Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fangfei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhonghua Qin
- Department of Laboratory, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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39
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Ruetalo N, Flehmig B, Schindler M, Pridzun L, Haage A, Reichenbächer M, Kirchner T, Kirchner T, Klingel K, Ranke MB, Normann A. Long-Term Humoral Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 after Natural Infection and Subsequent Vaccination According to WHO International Binding Antibody Units (BAU/mL). Viruses 2021; 13:v13122336. [PMID: 34960605 PMCID: PMC8708153 DOI: 10.3390/v13122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The new WHO reference standard allows for the definition of serum antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens in terms of binding antibody units (BAU/mL) and thus to compare the results of different ELISA systems. In this study, the concentration of antibodies (ABs) against both the S- and the N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as serum neutralization activity were evaluated in three patients after a mild course of COVID-19. Serum samples were collected frequently during a period of over one year. Furthermore, in two individuals, the effects of an additional vaccination with a mRNA vaccine containing the S1-RBD sequence on these antibodies were examined. After natural infection, the antibodies (IgA, IgG) against the S1-protein remained elevated above the established cut-off to positivity (S-IgA 60 BAU/mL and S-IgG 50 BAU/mL, respectively) for over a year in all patients, while this was not the case for ABs against the N-protein (cut-off N-IgG 40 BAU/mL, N-IgA 256 BAU/mL). Sera from all patients retained the ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 for more than a year. Vaccination resulted in a rapid boost of antibodies to S1-protein but, as expected, not to the N-protein. Most likely, the wide use of the WHO reference preparation will be very useful in determining the individual immune status of patients after an infection with SARS-CoV-2 or after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Bertram Flehmig
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Mediagnost Gesellschaft für Forschung und Herstellung von Diagnostika GmbH, Aspenhaustr. 25, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.P.); (A.H.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Lutz Pridzun
- Mediagnost Gesellschaft für Forschung und Herstellung von Diagnostika GmbH, Aspenhaustr. 25, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.P.); (A.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Angelika Haage
- Mediagnost Gesellschaft für Forschung und Herstellung von Diagnostika GmbH, Aspenhaustr. 25, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.P.); (A.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Marija Reichenbächer
- Mediagnost Gesellschaft für Forschung und Herstellung von Diagnostika GmbH, Aspenhaustr. 25, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.P.); (A.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Pediatric Practice, Kapuzinerberg 17, 71263 Weil der Stadt, Germany; (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Teresa Kirchner
- Pediatric Practice, Kapuzinerberg 17, 71263 Weil der Stadt, Germany; (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Michael B. Ranke
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Andrea Normann
- Mediagnost Gesellschaft für Forschung und Herstellung von Diagnostika GmbH, Aspenhaustr. 25, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.P.); (A.H.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (A.N.)
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Griffante G, Chandel S, Ferrante D, Caneparo V, Capello D, Bettio V, Borgogna C, Aleni C, Esposito S, Sarro A, Vasile A, Comba M, Testa T, Cotrupi G, De Andrea M, Bortoluzzi S, Gariglio M. Persistence of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in First Wave Infected Individuals at Ten Months Post-Infection: The UnIRSA Cohort Study. Viruses 2021; 13:2270. [PMID: 34835076 PMCID: PMC8620452 DOI: 10.3390/v13112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal mapping of antibody-based SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical for public health control of the pandemic and vaccine development. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the antibody-based immune response in a cohort of 100 COVID-19 individuals who were infected during the first wave of infection in northern Italy. The SARS-CoV-2 humoral response was tested using the COVID-SeroIndex, Kantaro Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody RUO Kit (R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, USA) and pseudotype-based neutralizing antibody assay. Using sequential serum samples collected from 100 COVID-19 recovered individuals from northern Italy-mostly with mild disease-at 2 and 10 months after their first positive PCR test, we show that 93% of them seroconverted at 2 months, with a geometric mean (GeoMean) half-maximal neutralization titer (NT50) of 387.9. Among the 35 unvaccinated subjects retested at 10 months, 7 resulted seronegative, with an 80% drop in seropositivity, while 28 showed decreased anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-spike (S) IgG titers, with a GeoMean NT50 neutralization titer dropping to 163.5. As an NT50 > 100 is known to confer protection from SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, our data show that the neutralizing activity elicited by the natural infection has lasted for at least 10 months in a large fraction of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Griffante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Shikha Chandel
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
- UPO Biobank, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Bettio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
- UPO Biobank, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borgogna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Aleni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Andrea Sarro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessandra Vasile
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Comba
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Tommaso Testa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianmarco Cotrupi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bortoluzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.F.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (V.B.); (C.B.); (C.A.); (S.E.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (T.T.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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Al-Karmalawy AA, Soltane R, Abo Elmaaty A, Tantawy MA, Antar SA, Yahya G, Chrouda A, Pashameah RA, Mustafa M, Abu Mraheil M, Mostafa A. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1317. [PMID: 34835248 PMCID: PMC8622998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a major public health concern, as they are highly mutated, resulting in new strains emerging with high pathogenicity. Currently, the world is suffering from the newly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection with frequent ability to give rise to fatal pneumonia in humans. The overwhelming outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to unfold all over the world, urging scientists to put an end to this global pandemic through biological and pharmaceutical interventions. Currently, there is no specific treatment option that is capable of COVID-19 pandemic eradication, so several repurposed drugs and newly conditionally approved vaccines are in use and heavily applied to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new variants of the virus that partially or totally escape from the immune response elicited by the approved vaccines requires continuous monitoring of the emerging variants to update the content of the developed vaccines or modify them totally to match the new variants. Herein, we discuss the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions including repurposed drugs and the newly developed/approved vaccines, highlighting the impact of virus evolution on the immune evasion of the virus from currently licensed vaccines for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Samar A Antar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amani Chrouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11932, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR CNRS-UCBL-ENS 5280, 5 Rue la Doua, CEDEX, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhamad Mustafa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
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Mateus J, Dan JM, Zhang Z, Rydyznski Moderbacher C, Lammers M, Goodwin B, Sette A, Crotty S, Weiskopf D. Low-dose mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine generates durable memory enhanced by cross-reactive T cells. Science 2021; 374:eabj9853. [PMID: 34519540 PMCID: PMC8542617 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj9853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine-specific CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, binding antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses to the 25-μg Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 vaccine were examined over the course of 7 months after immunization, including in multiple age groups, with a particular interest in assessing whether preexisting cross-reactive T cell memory affects vaccine-generated immunity. Vaccine-generated spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells 6 months after the second dose of the vaccine were comparable in quantity and quality to COVID-19 cases, including the presence of T follicular helper cells and interferon-γ–expressing cells. Spike-specific CD8+ T cells were generated in 88% of subjects, with equivalent memory at 6 months post-boost compared with COVID-19 cases. Lastly, subjects with preexisting cross-reactive CD4+ T cell memory exhibited stronger CD4+ T cell and antibody responses to the vaccine, demonstrating the biological relevance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–cross-reactive CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mateus
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Dan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marshall Lammers
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Goodwin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ma MJ. Reply to Choe et al. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1099-1100. [PMID: 34161575 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Gallais F, Gantner P, Bruel T, Velay A, Planas D, Wendling MJ, Bayer S, Solis M, Laugel E, Reix N, Schneider A, Glady L, Panaget B, Collongues N, Partisani M, Lessinger JM, Fontanet A, Rey D, Hansmann Y, Kling-Pillitteri L, Schwartz O, De Sèze J, Meyer N, Gonzalez M, Schmidt-Mutter C, Fafi-Kremer S. Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103561. [PMID: 34455390 PMCID: PMC8390300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in predicting risk of reinfection and durability of vaccine protection. Methods This is a prospective, monocentric, longitudinal, cohort clinical study. Healthcare workers (HCW) from Strasbourg University Hospital were enrolled between April 6th and May 7th, 2020 and followed up to 422 days. Serial serum samples were tested for antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein (N) to characterize the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the incidence of reinfection. Live-neutralization assays were performed for a subset of samples before and after vaccination to analyze sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings A total of 4290 samples from 393 convalescent COVID-19 and 916 COVID-19 negative individuals were analyzed. In convalescent individuals, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies followed a triphasic kinetic model with half-lives at month (M) 11–13 of 283 days (95% CI 231–349) for anti-N and 725 days (95% CI 623–921) for anti-RBD IgG, which stabilized at a median of 1.54 log BAU/mL (95% CI 1.42–1.67). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 12.22 and 0.40 per 100 person-years in COVID-19-negative and COVID-19-positive HCW, respectively, indicating a relative reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of 96.7%. Live-virus neutralization assay revealed that after one year, variants D614G and B.1.1.7, but less so B.1.351, were sensitive to anti-RBD antibodies at 1.4 log BAU/mL, while IgG ≥ 2.0 log BAU/mL strongly neutralized all three variants. These latter anti-RBD IgG titers were reached by all vaccinated HCW regardless of pre-vaccination IgG levels and type of vaccine. Interpretation Our study demonstrates a long-term persistence of anti-RBD antibodies that may reduce risk of reinfection. By significantly increasing cross-neutralizing antibody titers, a single-dose vaccination strengthens protection against variants. Fun1ding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gallais
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Pierre Gantner
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR Paris 3569, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Aurélie Velay
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR Paris 3569, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | | | - Sophie Bayer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Morgane Solis
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Elodie Laugel
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nathalie Reix
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Anne Schneider
- CHU de Strasbourg, Département de Génétique Moléculaire du Cancer, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Ludovic Glady
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Baptiste Panaget
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nicolas Collongues
- CHU de Strasbourg, Center d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1434, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Lessinger
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Department of Global Health, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - David Rey
- CHU de Strasbourg, Trait d'Union, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | | | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR Paris 3569, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Jérome De Sèze
- CHU de Strasbourg, Center d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1434, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de santé Publique, GMRC, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Pathologies Professionnelles, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | | | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
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Israel A, Shenhar Y, Green I, Merzon E, Golan-Cohen A, Schäffer AA, Ruppin E, Vinker S, Magen E. Large-scale study of antibody titer decay following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.08.19.21262111. [PMID: 34462761 PMCID: PMC8404903 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.19.21262111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 decreases over time. OBJECTIVE To determine the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, or SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals. METHODS Antibody titers were measured between January 31, 2021, and July 31, 2021 in two mutually exclusive groups: i) vaccinated individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine and had no history of previous infection with COVID-19 and ii) SARS-CoV-2 convalescents who had not received the vaccine. RESULTS A total of 2,653 individuals fully vaccinated by two doses of vaccine during the study period and 4,361 convalescent patients were included. Higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were observed in vaccinated individuals (median 1581 AU/mL IQR [533.8-5644.6]) after the second vaccination, than in convalescent individuals (median 355.3 AU/mL IQR [141.2-998.7]; p<0.001). In vaccinated subjects, antibody titers decreased by up to 40% each subsequent month while in convalescents they decreased by less than 5% per month. Six months after BNT162b2 vaccination 16.1% subjects had antibody levels below the seropositivity threshold of <50 AU/mL, while only 10.8% of convalescent patients were below <50 AU/mL threshold after 9 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine have different kinetics of antibody levels compared to patients who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with higher initial levels but a much faster exponential decrease in the first group. FUNDING This research was internally funded by Leumit Health Services (LHS) and was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research.The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. IMPACT STATEMENT Large scale study display the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies present in individuals vaccinated with two doses of mRNA vaccine vs. unvaccinated patients who had recovered from the disease: initial levels of antibody are much higher in vaccinated patients, but decrease faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Israel
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
| | - Yotam Shenhar
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
| | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Leumit Research Institute & Department of Family Medicine, Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Medicine C Department, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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