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Fan X, Liu J, Duan X, Li H, Deng S, Kuang Y, Li J, Lin C, Meng B, Hu J, Wang S, Liu J, Wang L. Alcohol-Processable All-Polymer n-Type Thermoelectrics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401952. [PMID: 38647398 PMCID: PMC11220645 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The general strategy for n-type organic thermoelectric is to blend n-type conjugated polymer hosts with small molecule dopants. In this work, all-polymer n-type thermoelectric is reported by dissolving a novel n-type conjugated polymer and a polymer dopant, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), in alcohol solution, followed by spin-coating to give polymer host/polymer dopant blend film. To this end, an alcohol-soluble n-type conjugated polymer is developed by attaching polar and branched oligo (ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains to a cyano-substituted poly(thiophene-alt-co-thiazole) main chain. The main chain results in the n-type property and the OEG side chain leads to the solubility in hexafluorineisopropanol (HFIP). In the polymer host/polymer dopant blend film, the Coulombic interaction between the dopant counterions and the negatively charged polymer chains is reduced and the ordered stacking of the polymer host is preserved. As a result, the polymer host/polymer dopant blend exhibits the power factor of 36.9 µW m-1 K-1, which is one time higher than that of the control polymer host/small molecule dopant blend. Moreover, the polymer host/polymer dopant blend shows much better thermal stability than the control polymer host/small molecule dopant blend. This research demonstrates the high performance and excellent stability of all-polymer n-type thermoelectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Sihui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Yazhuo Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchunJilin130024P. R. China
| | - Chengjiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
| | - Junli Hu
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchunJilin130024P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
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2
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Liu C, Liang H, Xie R, Zhou Q, Qi M, Yang C, Gu X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li J, Gong X, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Ge X, Wang Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Liu X. A Three-in-One Hybrid Strategy for High-Performance Semiconducting Polymers Processed from Anisole. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401345. [PMID: 38647436 PMCID: PMC11220690 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of semiconducting polymers with good processability in green solvents and competitive electrical performance is essential for realizing sustainable large-scale manufacturing and commercialization of organic electronics. A major obstacle is the processability-performance dichotomy that is dictated by the lack of ideal building blocks with balanced polarity, solubility, electronic structures, and molecular conformation. Herein, through the integration of donor, quinoid and acceptor units, an unprecedented building block, namely TQBT, is introduced for constructing a serial of conjugated polymers. The TQBT, distinct in non-symmetric structure and high dipole moment, imparts enhanced solubility in anisole-a green solvent-to the polymer TQBT-T. Furthermore, PTQBT-T possess a highly rigid and planar backbone owing to the nearly coplanar geometry and quinoidal nature of TQBT, resulting in strong aggregation in solution and localized aggregates in film. Remarkably, PTQBT-T films spuncast from anisole exhibit a hole mobility of 2.30 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is record high for green solvent-processable semiconducting polymers via spin-coating, together with commendable operational and storage stability. The hybrid building block emerges as a pioneering electroactive unit, shedding light on future design strategies in high-performance semiconducting polymers compatible with green processing and marking a significant stride towards ecofriendly organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liang
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Runze Xie
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Quanfeng Zhou
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Miao Qi
- The Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOne Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Chongqing Yang
- The Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOne Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and EngineeringCenter for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS39406USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and EngineeringCenter for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS39406USA
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Jinlun Li
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Xiu Gong
- College of PhysicsGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Zesheng Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ge
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOne Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOne Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
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3
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Xiong M, Deng XY, Tian SY, Liu KK, Fang YH, Wang JR, Wang Y, Liu G, Chen J, Villalva DR, Baran D, Gu X, Lei T. Counterion docking: a general approach to reducing energetic disorder in doped polymeric semiconductors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4972. [PMID: 38862491 PMCID: PMC11166965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular doping plays an important role in controlling the carrier concentration of organic semiconductors. However, the introduction of dopant counterions often results in increased energetic disorder and traps due to the molecular packing disruption and Coulomb potential wells. To date, no general strategy has been proposed to reduce the counterion-induced structural and energetic disorder. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of non-covalent interactions (NCIs) between counterions and polymers. Employing a computer-aided approach, we identified the optimal counterions and discovered that NCIs determine their docking positions, which significantly affect the counterion-induced energetic disorder. With the optimal counterions, we successfully reduced the energetic disorder to levels even lower than that of the undoped polymer. As a result, we achieved a high n-doped electrical conductivity of over 200 S cm-1 and an eight-fold increase in the thermoelectric power factor. We found that the NCIs have substantial effects on doping efficiency, polymer backbone planarity, and Coulomb potential landscape. Our work not only provides a general strategy for identifying the most suitable counterions but also deepens our understanding of the counterion effects on doped polymeric semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Juan-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Diego Rosas Villalva
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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4
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Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Progress of Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403961. [PMID: 38830614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated polymers have received widespread attention due to their characteristic advantages of light weight, favorable solution processability, and structural modifiability. Among various conjugated polymers, fluorinated ones have developed rapidly to achieve high-performance n-type or ambipolar polymeric semiconductors. The uniqueness of fluorinated conjugated polymers contains the high coplanarity of their structures, lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and strong nonbonding interactions. In this review, first the fluorinated building blocks, including fluorinated benzene and thiophene rings, fluorinated B←N bridged units, and fluoroalkyl side chains are summarized. Subsequently, different synthetic methods of fluorinated conjugated polymers are described, with a special focus on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Then, with these numerous fluorinated structures and appropriate synthetic methods bear in mind, the properties and applications of the fluorinated conjugated polymers, such as cyclopentadithiophene-, amide-, and imide-based polymers, and B←N embedded polymers, are systematically discussed. The introduction of fluorine atoms can further enhance the electron-deficiency of the backbone, influencing the charge carrier transport performance. The promising fluorinated conjugated polymers are applied widely in organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, organic thermoelectric devices, and other organic opto-electric devices. Finally, the outlook on the challenges and future development of fluorinated conjugated polymers is systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Jin W, Yang CY, Pau R, Wang Q, Tekelenburg EK, Wu HY, Wu Z, Jeong SY, Pitzalis F, Liu T, He Q, Li Q, Huang JD, Kroon R, Heeney M, Woo HY, Mura A, Motta A, Facchetti A, Fahlman M, Loi MA, Fabiano S. Photocatalytic doping of organic semiconductors. Nature 2024; 630:96-101. [PMID: 38750361 PMCID: PMC11153156 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chemical doping is an important approach to manipulating charge-carrier concentration and transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs)1-3 and ultimately enhances device performance4-7. However, conventional doping strategies often rely on the use of highly reactive (strong) dopants8-10, which are consumed during the doping process. Achieving efficient doping with weak and/or widely accessible dopants under mild conditions remains a considerable challenge. Here, we report a previously undescribed concept for the photocatalytic doping of OSCs that uses air as a weak oxidant (p-dopant) and operates at room temperature. This is a general approach that can be applied to various OSCs and photocatalysts, yielding electrical conductivities that exceed 3,000 S cm-1. We also demonstrate the successful photocatalytic reduction (n-doping) and simultaneous p-doping and n-doping of OSCs in which the organic salt used to maintain charge neutrality is the only chemical consumed. Our photocatalytic doping method offers great potential for advancing OSC doping and developing next-generation organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Jin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
- n-Ink AB, Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Riccardo Pau
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- n-Ink AB, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eelco K Tekelenburg
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Federico Pitzalis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Qifan Li
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jun-Da Huang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Renee Kroon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrea Mura
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" and INSTM, UdR Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
- n-Ink AB, Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
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6
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Burke C, Makki H, Troisi A. From Chemical Drawing to Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Polymers in Bulk: A Tool for Chemical Discovery. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4019-4028. [PMID: 38642040 PMCID: PMC11099970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
A quantum chemistry (QC)/molecular dynamics (MD) scheme is developed to calculate electronic properties of semiconducting polymers in three steps: (i) constructing the polymer force field through a unified workflow, (ii) equilibrating polymer models, and (iii) calculating electronic structure properties (e.g., density of states and localization length) from the equilibrated models by QC approaches. Notably, as the second step of this scheme is generally the most time-consuming one, we introduce an alternative method to compute thermally averaged electronic properties in bulk, based on the simulation of a polymer chain in the solution of its repeat units, which is shown to reproduce the microstructure of polymer chains and their electrostatic effect (successfully tested for five benchmark polymers) 10 times faster than state-of-the-art methods. In fact, this scheme offers a consistent and speedy way of estimating electronic properties of polymers from their chemical drawings, thus ensuring the availability of a homogeneous set of simulations to derive structure-property relationships and material design principles. As an example, we show how the electrostatic effect of the polymer chain environment can disturb the localized electronic states at the band tails and how this effect is more significant in the case of diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers as compared to indacenodithiophene and dithiopheneindenofluorene ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Burke
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Hesam Makki
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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7
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Zhang Z, Li P, Xiong M, Zhang L, Chen J, Lei X, Pan X, Wang X, Deng XY, Shen W, Mei Z, Liu KK, Liu G, Huang Z, Lv S, Shao Y, Lei T. Continuous production of ultratough semiconducting polymer fibers with high electronic performance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0647. [PMID: 38569023 PMCID: PMC10990280 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have demonstrated promising optoelectronic properties, but their brittleness and poor mechanical characteristics have hindered their fabrication into durable fibers and textiles. Here, we report a universal approach to continuously producing highly strong, ultratough conjugated polymer fibers using a flow-enhanced crystallization (FLEX) method. These fibers exhibit one order of magnitude higher tensile strength (>200 megapascals) and toughness (>80 megajoules per cubic meter) than traditional semiconducting polymer fibers and films, outperforming many synthetic fibers, ready for scalable production. These fibers also exhibit unique strain-enhanced electronic properties and exceptional performance when used as stretchable conductors, thermoelectrics, transistors, and sensors. This work not only highlights the influence of fluid mechanical effects on the crystallization and mechanical properties of conjugated polymers but also opens up exciting possibilities for integrating these functional fibers into wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiran Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiyu Shen
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi Mei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shixian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanlong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Tu L, Wang J, Wu Z, Li J, Yang W, Liu B, Wu S, Xia X, Wang Y, Woo HY, Shi Y. Cyano-Functionalized Pyrazine: A Structurally Simple and Easily Accessible Electron-Deficient Building Block for n-Type Organic Thermoelectric Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319658. [PMID: 38265195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing low-cost and high-performance n-type polymer semiconductors is essential to accelerate the application of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). To achieve this objective, it is critical to design strong electron-deficient building blocks with simple structure and easy synthesis, which are essential for the development of n-type polymer semiconductors. Herein, we synthesized two cyano-functionalized highly electron-deficient building blocks, namely 3,6-dibromopyrazine-2-carbonitrile (CNPz) and 3,6-Dibromopyrazine-2,5-dicarbonitrile (DCNPz), which feature simple structures and facile synthesis. CNPz and DCNPz can be obtained via only one-step reaction and three-step reactions from cheap raw materials, respectively. Based on CNPz and DCNPz, two acceptor-acceptor (A-A) polymers, P(DPP-CNPz) and P(DPP-DCNPz) are successfully developed, featuring deep-positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which are beneficial to n-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and OTEs performance. An optimal unipolar electron mobility of 0.85 and 1.85 cm2 V-1 s-1 is obtained for P(DPP-CNPz) and P(DPP-DCNPz), respectively. When doped with N-DMBI, P(DPP-CNPz) and P(DPP-DCNPz) show high n-type electrical conductivities/power factors of 25.3 S cm-1 /41.4 μW m-1 K-2 , and 33.9 S cm-1 /30.4 μW m-1 K-2 , respectively. Hence, the cyano-functionalized pyrazine CNPz and DCNPz represent a new class of structurally simple, low-cost and readily accessible electron-deficient building block for constructing n-type polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
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9
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Xu C, Wang D. Theoretical Perspective of Enhancing Order in n-Doped Thermoelectric Polymers through Side Chain Engineering: The Interplay of Counterion-Backbone Interaction and Side Chain Steric Hindrance. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1776-1783. [PMID: 38284760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers doped with n-type dopants are widely sought after for their potential in organic thermoelectric devices. However, the existing structural disorder significantly hampers their charge transport and thermoelectric performance. In this Letter, we propose a mechanism to mitigate this disorder through side chain engineering. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that strong Coulomb interactions between counterions and charged polymer backbones induce a transition in the stacking arrangement of the polymer backbones from a slipped to a vertical configuration. However, the presence of side chain steric hindrance impedes the formation of closely packed and ordered vertical stacking arrangements, resulting in greater distances between adjacent backbones and a higher level of structural disorder in the doped films. Therefore, we propose minimizing side chain steric hindrance to enhance the structural order in doped films. Our findings provide essential insights for advancing high-performance thermoelectric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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10
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Huang Z, Li P, Lei Y, Deng XY, Chen YN, Tian S, Pan X, Lei X, Song C, Zheng Y, Wang JY, Zhang Z, Lei T. Azonia-Naphthalene: A Cationic Hydrophilic Building Block for Stable N-Type Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313260. [PMID: 37938169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers that can efficiently transport both ionic and electronic charges have broad applications in next-generation optoelectronic, bioelectronic, and energy storage devices. To date, almost all the conjugated polymers have hydrophobic backbones, which impedes efficient ion diffusion/transport in aqueous media. Here, we design and synthesize a novel hydrophilic polymer building block, 4a-azonia-naphthalene (AN), drawing inspiration from biological systems. Because of the strong electron-withdrawing ability of AN, the AN-based polymers show typical n-type charge transport behaviors. We find that cationic aromatics exhibit strong cation-π interactions, leading to smaller π-π stacking distance, interesting ion diffusion behavior, and good morphology stability. Additionally, AN enhances the hydrophilicity and ionic-electronic coupling of the polymer, which can help to improve ion diffusion/injection speed, and operational stability of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The integration of cationic building blocks will undoubtedly enrich the material library for high-performance n-type conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuqiu Lei
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Nan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuangyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiran Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng Song
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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11
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Li Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Huang E, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Guo X, Feng K. Multi-Selenophene Incorporated Thiazole Imide-Based n-Type Polymers for High-Performance Organic Thermoelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316214. [PMID: 37996990 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Developing polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) after n-doping is a great challenge for the advance of the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, we report a series of thiazole imide-based n-type polymers by gradually increasing selenophene content in polymeric backbone. Thanks to the strong intramolecular noncovalent N⋅⋅⋅S interaction and enhanced intermolecular Se⋅⋅⋅Se interaction, with the increase of selenophene content, the polymers show gradually lowered LUMOs, more planar backbone, and improved film crystallinity versus the selenophene-free analogue. Consequently, polymer PDTzSI-Se with the highest selenophene content achieves a champion σ of 164.0 S cm-1 and a power factor of 49.0 μW m-1 K-2 in the series when applied in OTEs after n-doping. The σ value is the highest one for n-type donor-acceptor OTE materials reported to date. Our work indicates that selenophene substitution is a powerful strategy for developing high-performance n-type OTE materials and selenophene incorporated thiazole imides offer an excellent platform in enabling n-type polymers with high backbone coplanarity, deep-lying LUMO and enhanced mobility/conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenchang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Enmin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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12
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Jo IY, Jeong D, Moon Y, Lee D, Lee S, Choi JG, Nam D, Kim JH, Cho J, Cho S, Kim DY, Ahn H, Kim BJ, Yoon MH. High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors Achieved by Optimizing Structural and Energetic Ordering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307402. [PMID: 37989225 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
For optimizing steady-state performance in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), both molecular design and structural alignment approaches must work in tandem to minimize energetic and microstructural disorders in polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductor films. Herein, a series of poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole)s bearing various lengths of aliphatic-glycol hybrid side chains (PDPP-mEG; m = 2-5) is developed to achieve high-performance p-type OECTs. PDPP-4EG polymer with the optimized length of side chains exhibits excellent crystallinity owing to enhanced lamellar and backbone interactions. Furthermore, the improved structural ordering in PDPP-4EG films significantly decreases trap state density and energetic disorder. Consequently, PDPP-4EG-based OECT devices produce a mobility-volumetric capacitance product ([µC*]) of 702 F V-1 cm-1 s-1 and a hole mobility of 6.49 ± 0.60 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Finally, for achieving the optimal structural ordering along the OECT channel direction, a floating film transfer method is employed to reinforce the unidirectional orientation of polymer chains, leading to a substantially increased figure-of-merit [µC*] to over 800 F V-1 cm-1 s-1 . The research demonstrates the importance of side chain engineering of polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors in conjunction with their anisotropic microstructural optimization to maximize OECT characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gyu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungJu Ahn
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang D, Yu H, Shi W, Xu C. Chemical Doping of Organic and Coordination Polymers for Thermoelectric and Spintronic Applications: A Theoretical Understanding. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2127-2138. [PMID: 37432731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe controlled doping of organic semiconductors (OSCs) is crucial not only for improving the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices but also for enabling efficient thermoelectric conversion and spintronic applications. The mechanism of doping for OSCs is fundamentally different from that of their inorganic counterparts. In particular, the interplay between dopants and host materials is complicated considering the low dielectric constant, strong lattice-charge interaction, and flexible nature of materials. Recent experimental breakthroughs in the molecular design of dopants and the precise doping with high spatial resolution call for more profound understandings as to how the dopant interacts with the charge introduced to OSCs and how the admixture of dopants alters the electronic properties of host materials before one can exploit controllable doping to realize desired functionalities.By employing state-of-the-art computational tools, we revealed the effects of doping in representative and emerging organic and coordination polymers aiming toward thermoelectric and spintronic applications. We showed that dopants and hosts should be taken as an integrated system, and the type of charge-transfer interaction between them is the key for spin polarization. First, we found doping-induced modifications to the electronic band in a potassium-doped coordination polymer, an n-type thermoelectric material. The charge localization due to the Coulomb interaction between the completely ionized dopant and the injected charge on the polymer backbone and also the polaron band formation at low doping levels are responsible for the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient observed in recent experiments. The mechanistic insights gained from these results have provided important guidelines on how to control the doping level and working temperature to achieve a high thermoelectric conversion efficiency. Next, we demonstrated that the ionized dopants scatter charge carriers via screened Coulomb interactions, and it may become a dominant scattering mechanism in doped polymers. After incorporating the ionized dopant scattering mechanism in PEDOT:Tos, a p-type thermoelectric polymer, we were able to reproduce the measured Seebeck coefficient-electrical conductivity relationship spanning a wide range of doping levels, highlighting the importance of ionized dopant scattering in charge transport.In the two cases described above, charge injection is enabled by integral charge transfer between the dopant and host polymers. In a third example, we showed that a novel type of stacked two-dimensional polymer, conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with closed-shell electronic structures, can be spin polarized by iodine doping via fractional charge transfer even at high doping levels. We then manifested that magnetization can be attained in nonmagnetic materials lacking metal d electrons and further designed two new COFs with tunable spintronic structure and magnetic interactions after the iodine doping. These findings have suggested a practical route to enable spin polarization in nonradical materials by chemical doping via orbital hybridization, which holds great promise for flexible spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hongde Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wen Shi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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14
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Bu Q, Li P, Xia Y, Hu D, Li W, Shi D, Song K. Design, Synthesis, and Biomedical Application of Multifunctional Fluorescent Polymer Nanomaterials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093819. [PMID: 37175229 PMCID: PMC10179976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescent polymer nanomaterials not only have the characteristics of various types of luminescent functional materials and a wide range of applications, but also have the characteristics of good biocompatibility and easy functionalization of polymer nanomaterials. They are widely used in biomedical fields such as bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Designing and constructing new controllable synthesis methods for multifunctional fluorescent polymer nanomaterials with good water solubility and excellent biocompatibility is of great significance. Exploring efficient functionalization methods for luminescent materials is still one of the core issues in the design and development of new fluorescent materials. With this in mind, this review first introduces the structures, properties, and synthetic methods regarding fluorescent polymeric nanomaterials. Then, the functionalization strategies of fluorescent polymer nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, the research progress of multifunctional fluorescent polymer nanomaterials for bioimaging is also discussed. Finally, the synthesis, development, and application fields of fluorescent polymeric nanomaterials, as well as the challenges and opportunities of structure-property correlations, are comprehensively summarized and the corresponding perspectives are well illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpan Bu
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Education, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Kai Song
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
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15
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Song Y, Dai X, Zou Y, Li C, Di CA, Zhang D, Zhu D. Boosting the Thermoelectric Performance of the Doped DPP-EDOT Conjugated Polymer by Incorporating an Ionic Additive. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300231. [PMID: 37026675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric (TE) performance of organic materials is limited by the coupling of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Herein a new strategy is reported to boost the Seebeck coefficient of conjugated polymer without significantly reducing the electrical conductivity by incorporation of an ionic additive DPPNMe3 Br. The doped polymer PDPP-EDOT thin film exhibits high electrical conductivity up to 1377 ± 109 S cm-1 but low Seebeck coefficient below 30 µV K-1 and a maximum power factor of 59 ± 10 µW m-1 K-2 . Interestingly, incorporation of small amount (at a molar ratio of 1:30) of DPPNMe3 Br into PDPP-EDOT results in the significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient along with the slight decrease of electrical conductivity after doping. Consequently, the power factor (PF) is boosted to 571 ± 38 µW m-1 K-2 and ZT reaches 0.28 ± 0.02 at 130 °C, which is among the highest for the reported organic TE materials. Based on the theoretical calculation, it is assumed that the enhancement of TE performance for the doped PDPP-EDOT by DPPNMe3 Br is mainly attributed to the increase of energetic disorder for PDPP-EDOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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Chen PA, Guo J, Yan X, Liu Y, Wei H, Qiu X, Xia J, Guo J, Ding J, Gong Z, Chen C, Lei T, Chen H, Zeng Z, Hu Y. A Methodology of Fabricating Novel Electrodes for Semiconductor Devices: Doping and Van der Waals Integrating Organic Semiconductor Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207858. [PMID: 36949014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrodes are indispensable components in semiconductor devices, and now are mainly made from metals, which are convenient for use but not ideal for emerging technologies such as bioelectronics, flexible electronics, or transparent electronics. Here the methodology of fabricating novel electrodes for semiconductor devices using organic semiconductors (OSCs) is proposed and demonstrated. It is shown that polymer semiconductors can be heavily p- or n-doped to achieve sufficiently high conductivity for electrodes. In contrast with metals, the doped OSC films (DOSCFs) are solution-processable, mechanically flexible, and have interesting optoelectronic properties. By integrating the DOSCFs with semiconductors through van der Waals contacts different kinds of semiconductor devices can be constructed. Importantly, these devices exhibit higher performance than their counterparts with metal electrodes, and/or excellent mechanical or optical properties that are unavailable in metal-electrode devices, suggesting the superiority of DOSCF electrodes. Given the existing large amount of OSCs, the established methodology can provide abundant electrode choices to meet the demand of various emerging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-An Chen
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wei
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
| | - Xincan Qiu
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
| | - Jiangnan Xia
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Gong
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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17
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Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Conjugated Polymers as Representative Semiconductors for High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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18
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Wang D, Li J, Yang K, Wang Y, Jeong SY, Chen Z, Liao Q, Li B, Woo HY, Deng X, Guo X. Terminal Cyano-Functionalized Fused Bithiophene Imide Dimer-Based n-Type Small Molecular Semiconductors: Synthesis, Structure-Property Correlations, and Thermoelectric Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9714-9725. [PMID: 36753061 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
n-Doped small molecular organic thermoelectric materials (OTMs) hold advantages of high Seebeck coefficient and better performance reproducibility over their polymeric analogues; however, high-performance n-type small molecular OTMs are severely lacking. We report here a class of small molecular OTMs based on terminal cyanation of a bithiophene imide-based ladder-type heteroarene BTI2. It was found that the cyanation could effectively lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level from -2.90 eV (BTI2) to -4.14 eV (BTI2-4CN) and thus lead to significantly improved n-doping efficiency. Additionally, terminal cyano-functionalization can maintain the close packing and efficient intermolecular charge transfer between these cyanated molecules, thus yielding high electron mobilities of up to 0.40 cm2 V-1 s-1. Benefiting from its low LUMO-enabled efficient n-doping and high electron mobility, an encouraging n-type electrical conductivity of 0.43 S cm-1 and power factor (PF) of 6.34 μW m-1 K-2 were achieved for tetracyanated BTI2-4CN, significantly outperforming those of its noncynated BTI2 (<10-7 S cm-1, PF undetectable) and dicyanated BTI2-2CN (0.24 S cm-1, 1.78 μW m-1 K-2). These results suggest the great potential of the terminal cyanation strategy of ladder-type heteroarenes for developing high-performance small molecular OTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bangbang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Xianyu Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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19
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Cao X, Li H, Hu J, Tian H, Han Y, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. An Amorphous n-Type Conjugated Polymer with an Ultra-Rigid Planar Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212979. [PMID: 36345132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High charge carrier mobility polymer semiconductors are always semi-crystalline. Amorphous conjugated polymers represent another kind of polymer semiconductors with different charge transporting mechanism. Here we report the first near-amorphous n-type conjugated polymer with decent electron mobility, which features a remarkably rigid, straight and planar polymer backbone. The molecular design strategy is to copolymerize two fused-ring building blocks which are both electron-accepting, centrosymmetrical and planar. The polymer is the alternating copolymer of double B←N bridged bipyridine (BNBP) unit and benzobisthiazole (BBTz) unit. It shows a decent electron mobility of 0.34 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic field-effect transistors. The excellent electron transporting property of the polymer is possibly due to the ultrahigh backbone stiffness, small π-π stacking distance, and high molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junli Hu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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20
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Shi Y, Li J, Sun H, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Fabiano S, Guo X. Thiazole Imide-Based All-Acceptor Homopolymer with Branched Ethylene Glycol Side Chains for Organic Thermoelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214192. [PMID: 36282628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
n-Type semiconducting polymers with high thermoelectric performance remain challenging due to the scarcity of molecular design strategy, limiting their applications in organic thermoelectric (OTE) devices. Herein, we provide a new approach to enhance the OTE performance of n-doped polymers by introducing acceptor-acceptor (A-A) type backbone bearing branched ethylene glycol (EG) side chains. When doped with 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenamine (N-DMBI), the A-A homopolymer PDTzTI-TEG exhibits n-type electrical conductivity (σ) up to 34 S cm-1 and power factor value of 15.7 μW m-1 K-2 . The OTE performance of PDTzTI-TEG is far greater than that of homopolymer PBTI-TEG (σ=0.27 S cm-1 ), indicating that introducing electron-deficient thiazole units in the backbone further improves the n-doping efficiency. These results demonstrate that developing A-A type polymers with EG side chains is an effective strategy to enhance n-type OTE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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21
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Aniline dimers serving as stable and efficient transfer units for intermolecular charge-carrier transmission. iScience 2022; 26:105762. [PMID: 36594033 PMCID: PMC9804111 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because any perturbation in the number of oxidation sites associated with the polymeric backbone can cause changes in the electrical properties, the stability of electrical properties has strongly prevented the wide adoption of most conducting polymers for commercialization, e.g., polyanilines (PANI). Herein, we showed that aniline dimers (AD) had more stable conductivity during redox due to their determinately separate oxidization or reduction units. Instead of intramolecular charge transfer as PANI, AD could serve as effective transfer units to facilitate intermolecular charge-carrier transmission due to low band-gap formation induced by the J-aggregation of AD, ensuring efficient conductivity. Typically, the electrical properties of AD-derived materials will still be stable after 10,000 redox cycles under a high operating voltage, far surpassing PANI under equivalent conditions. Meanwhile, the AD-derived materials could act as effective conducting and sensing layers with good stability. This approach opened an avenue for improving the stability of conductive polymers.
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22
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Manurung R, Troisi A. Screening semiconducting polymers to discover design principles for tuning charge carrier mobility. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:14319-14333. [PMID: 36325475 PMCID: PMC9536249 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc02527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We employ a rapid method for computing the electronic structure and orbital localization characteristics for a sample of 36 different polymer backbone structures. This relatively large sample derived from recent literature is used to identify the features of the monomer sequence that lead to greater charge delocalization and, potentially, greater charge mobility. Two characteristics contributing in equal measure to large localization length are the reduced variation of the coupling between adjacent monomers due to conformational fluctuations and the presence of just two monomers in the structural repeating units. For such polymers a greater mismatch between the HOMO orbitals of the fragments and, surprisingly, a smaller coupling between them is shown to favour greater delocalization of the orbitals. The underlying physical reasons for such observations are discussed and explicit and constructive design rules are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Manurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown St Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown St Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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23
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Wang X, Li J, Dong C, Zhang L, Hu J, Liu J, Liu Y. n-Type thermoelectric properties of a doped organoboron polymer. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Han J, Tiernan E, Lee T, Chiu A, McGuiggan P, Adams N, Tomko JA, Hopkins PE, Thon SM, Tovar JD, Katz HE. A New Polystyrene-Poly(vinylpyridinium) Ionic Copolymer Dopant for n-Type All-Polymer Thermoelectrics with High and Stable Conductivity Relative to the Seebeck Coefficient giving High Power Factor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201062. [PMID: 35441380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel n-type copolymer dopant polystyrene-poly(4-vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium fluoride) (PSpF) with fluoride anions is designed and synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This is thought to be the first polymeric fluoride dopant. Electrical conductivity of 4.2 S cm-1 and high power factor of 67 µW m-1 K-2 are achieved for PSpF-doped polymer films, with a corresponding decrease in thermal conductivity as the PSpF concentration is increased, giving the highest ZT of 0.1. An especially high electrical conductivity of 58 S cm-1 at 88 °C and outstanding thermal stability are recorded. Further, organic transistors of PSpF-doped thin films exhibit high electron mobility and Hall mobility of 0.86 and 1.70 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. The results suggest that polystyrene-poly(vinylpyridinium) salt copolymers with fluoride anions are promising for high-performance n-type all-polymer thermoelectrics. This work provides a new way to realize organic thermoelectrics with high conductivity relative to the Seebeck coefficient, high power factor, thermal stability, and broad processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Emma Tiernan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Taein Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Arlene Chiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Patty McGuiggan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas Adams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Susanna M Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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25
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Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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26
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Zhang WN, Wu XQ, Wang G, Duan YA, Geng H, Liao Y. Toward High Performance Ambipolar Transport from Super-exchange Perspective: Theoretical Insights for IID-based Copolymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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