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Cortes S, Farhat E, Talarico G, Mennigen JA. The dynamic transcriptomic response of the goldfish brain under chronic hypoxia. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101233. [PMID: 38608489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential to fuel aerobic metabolism. Some species evolved mechanisms to tolerate periods of severe hypoxia and even anoxia in their environment. Among them, goldfish (Carassius auratus) are unique, in that they do not enter a comatose state under severely hypoxic conditions. There is thus significant interest in the field of comparative physiology to uncover the mechanistic basis underlying hypoxia tolerance in goldfish, with a particular focus on the brain. Taking advantage of the recently published and annotated goldfish genome, we profile the transcriptomic response of the goldfish brain under normoxic (21 kPa oxygen saturation) and, following gradual reduction, constant hypoxic conditions after 1 and 4 weeks (2.1 kPa oxygen saturation). In addition to analyzing differentially expressed protein-coding genes and enriched pathways, we also profile differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs). Using in silico approaches, we identify possible miR-mRNA relationships. Differentially expressed transcripts compared to normoxia were either common to both timepoints of hypoxia exposure (n = 174 mRNAs; n = 6 miRs), or exclusive to 1-week (n = 441 mRNAs; n = 23 miRs) or 4-week hypoxia exposure (n = 491 mRNAs; n = 34 miRs). Under chronic hypoxia, an increasing number of transcripts, including those of paralogous genes, was downregulated over time, suggesting a decrease in transcription. GO-terms related to the vascular system, oxidative stress, stress signalling, oxidoreductase activity, nucleotide- and intermediary metabolism, and mRNA posttranscriptional regulation were found to be enriched under chronic hypoxia. Known 'hypoxamiRs', such as miR-210-3p/5p, and miRs such as miR-29b-3p likely contribute to posttranscriptional regulation of these pathways under chronic hypoxia in the goldfish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cortes
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - E Farhat
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ggm Talarico
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Tanimoto H, Umekawa Y, Takahashi H, Goto K, Ito K. Gene expression and metabolite levels converge in the thermogenic spadix of skunk cabbage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1561-1585. [PMID: 38318875 PMCID: PMC11142342 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inflorescence (spadix) of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) is strongly thermogenic and can regulate its temperature at around 23 °C even when the ambient temperature drops below freezing. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying developmentally controlled thermogenesis and thermoregulation in skunk cabbage, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis across 3 developmental stages of spadix development. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed distinct groups of expressed genes, with selenium-binding protein 1/methanethiol oxidase (SBP1/MTO) exhibiting the highest levels in thermogenic florets. Notably, the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX) was consistently high from the prethermogenic stage through the thermogenic stage in the florets. Metabolome analysis showed that alterations in nucleotide levels correspond with the developmentally controlled and tissue-specific thermogenesis of skunk cabbage, evident by a substantial increase in AMP levels in thermogenic florets. Our study also reveals that hydrogen sulfide, a product of SBP1/MTO, inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-mediated mitochondrial respiration, while AOX-mediated respiration remains relatively unaffected. Specifically, at lower temperatures, the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on COX-mediated respiration increases, promoting a shift toward the dominance of AOX-mediated respiration. Finally, despite the differential regulation of genes and metabolites throughout spadix development, we observed a convergence of gene expression and metabolite accumulation patterns during thermogenesis. This synchrony may play a key role in developmentally regulated thermogenesis. Moreover, such convergence during the thermogenic stage in the spadix may provide a solid molecular basis for thermoregulation in skunk cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tanimoto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yui Umekawa
- Department of Planning and General Affairs, Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, Araya-machi, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Kota Goto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kikukatsu Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Ojaghi M, Pamenter ME. Hypoxia impairs blood glucose homeostasis in naked mole-rat adult subordinates but not queens. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247537. [PMID: 38680085 PMCID: PMC11166464 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and metabolize only carbohydrates in hypoxia. Glucose is the primary building block of dietary carbohydrates, but how blood glucose is regulated during hypoxia has not been explored in NMRs. We hypothesized that NMRs mobilize glucose stores to support anaerobic energy metabolism in hypoxia. To test this, we treated newborn, juvenile and adult (subordinate and queen) NMRs in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7, 5 or 3% O2), while measuring metabolic rate, body temperature and blood [glucose]. We also challenged animals with glucose, insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) injections and measured the rate of glucose clearance in normoxia and hypoxia. We found that: (1) blood [glucose] increases in moderate hypoxia in queens and pups, but only in severe hypoxia in adult subordinates and juveniles; (2) glucose tolerance is similar between developmental stages in normoxia, but glucose clearance times are 2- to 3-fold longer in juveniles and subordinates than in queens or pups in hypoxia; and (3) reoxygenation accelerates glucose clearance in hypoxic subordinate adults. Mechanistically, (4) insulin and IGF-1 reduce blood [glucose] in subordinates in both normoxia but only IGF-1 impacts blood [glucose] in hypoxic queens. Our results indicate that insulin signaling is impaired by hypoxia in NMRs, but that queens utilize IGF-1 to overcome this limitation and effectively regulate blood glucose in hypoxia. This suggests that sexual maturation impacts blood glucose handling in hypoxic NMR queens, which may allow queens to spend longer periods of time in hypoxic nest chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ojaghi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
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Yang W, Chen C, Jiang X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Feng Y, Cui S. CACNA1B protects naked mole-rat hippocampal neuron from apoptosis via altering the subcellular localization of Nrf2 after 60Co irradiation. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:695-711. [PMID: 38389270 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is the most effective treatment modality for brain tumors, it always injures the central nervous system, leading to potential sequelae such as cognitive dysfunction. Radiation induces molecular, cellular, and functional changes in neuronal and glial cells. The hippocampus plays a critical role in learning and memory; therefore, concerns about radiation-induced injury are widespread. Multiple studies have focused on this complex problem, but the results have not been fully elucidated. Naked mole rat brains were irradiated with 60Co at a dose of 10 Gy. On 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after irradiation, hippocampi in the control groups were obtained for next-generation sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were subsequently performed. Venn diagrams revealed 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were common at different times after irradiation. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the 580 common DEGs were enriched in molecular transducer activity. In particular, CACNA1B mediated regulatory effects after irradiation. CACNA1B expression increased significantly after irradiation. Downregulation of CACNA1B led to a reduction in apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels in hippocampal neurons. This was due to the interaction between CACNA1B and Nrf2, which disturbed the normal nuclear localization of Nrf2. In addition, CACNA1B downregulation led to a decrease in the cognitive functions of naked mole rats. These findings reveal the pivotal role of CACNA1B in regulating radiation-induced brain injury and will lead to the development of a novel strategy to prevent brain injury after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Yangpu district mental health center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Teaching Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- Laboratory Animal Science Department, Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Mota-Rojas D, Ghezzi MD, Hernández-Ávalos I, Domínguez-Oliva A, Casas-Alvarado A, Lendez PA, Ceriani MC, Wang D. Hypothalamic Neuromodulation of Hypothermia in Domestic Animals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:513. [PMID: 38338158 PMCID: PMC10854546 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
When an organism detects decreases in their core body temperature, the hypothalamus, the main thermoregulatory center, triggers compensatory responses. These responses include vasomotor changes to prevent heat loss and physiological mechanisms (e.g., shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis) for heat production. Both types of changes require the participation of peripheral thermoreceptors, afferent signaling to the spinal cord and hypothalamus, and efferent pathways to motor and/or sympathetic neurons. The present review aims to analyze the scientific evidence of the hypothalamic control of hypothermia and the central and peripheral changes that are triggered in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Pamela Anahí Lendez
- Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Ceriani
- Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Henning Y, Adam K, Gerhardt P, Begall S. Hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow conditions lead to downregulation of free triiodothyronine and hematocrit in Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:33-40. [PMID: 38059996 PMCID: PMC10940439 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
African mole-rats live in self-dug burrow systems under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. Adaptations to hypoxia include suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb). Because the thyroid hormones (THs) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are positive regulators of RMR and Tb, we hypothesized that serum TH concentrations would also be downregulated under hypoxic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we kept Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) in terraria filled with soil in which they were allowed to construct underground burrows to achieve chronic intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. The animals stayed in these hypoxic and hypercapnic burrows voluntarily, although given the choice to stay aboveground. We collected blood samples before and after treatment to measure serum T4 and T3 concentrations as well as hematological parameters. The free fraction of the transcriptionally-active T3 was significantly decreased after treatment, indicating that cellular TH signaling was downregulated via peripheral mechanisms, consistent with the assumption that aerobic metabolism is downregulated under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found that hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were also downregulated after treatment, suggesting that oxygen demand decreases under hypoxia, presumably due to the metabolic shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Taken together, we have identified a potential upstream regulator of physiological adaptations to hypoxia in these highly hypoxia-tolerant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kamilla Adam
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patricia Gerhardt
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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Sanhueza S, Vidal MA, Hernandez MA, Henriquez-Beltran ME, Cabrera C, Quiroga R, Antilef BE, Aguilar KP, Castillo DA, Llerena FJ, Fraga Figueroa M, Nazal M, Castro E, Lagos P, Moreno A, Lastra JJ, Gajardo J, Garcés P, Riffo B, Buchert J, Sanhueza R, Ormazába V, Saldivia P, Vargas C, Nourdin G, Koch E, Zuñiga FA, Lamperti L, Bustos P, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Tapia CA, Ferrada L, Cerda G, Woehlbier U, Riquelme E, Yuseff MI, Muñoz Ramirez BA, Lombardi G, De Gonzalo-Calvo D, Salomon C, Verdugo RA, Quiñones LA, Colombo A, Barría MI, Labarca G, Nova-Lamperti E. Clinical and pulmonary function analysis in long-COVID revealed that long-term pulmonary dysfunction is associated with vascular inflammation pathways and metabolic syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1271863. [PMID: 37869162 PMCID: PMC10590130 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1271863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-term pulmonary dysfunction (L-TPD) is one of the most critical manifestations of long-COVID. This lung affection has been associated with disease severity during the acute phase and the presence of previous comorbidities, however, the clinical manifestations, the concomitant consequences and the molecular pathways supporting this clinical condition remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize L-TPD in patients with long-COVID and elucidate the main pathways and long-term consequences attributed to this condition by analyzing clinical parameters and functional tests supported by machine learning and serum proteome profiling. Methods Patients with L-TPD were classified according to the results of their computer-tomography (CT) scan and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin (DLCOc) tests at 4 and 12-months post-infection. Results Regarding the acute phase, our data showed that L-TPD was favored in elderly patients with hypertension or insulin resistance, supported by pathways associated with vascular inflammation and chemotaxis of phagocytes, according to computer proteomics. Then, at 4-months post-infection, clinical and functional tests revealed that L-TPD patients exhibited a restrictive lung condition, impaired aerobic capacity and reduced muscular strength. At this time point, high circulating levels of platelets and CXCL9, and an inhibited FCgamma-receptor-mediated-phagocytosis due to reduced FcγRIII (CD16) expression in CD14+ monocytes was observed in patients with L-TPD. Finally, 1-year post infection, patients with L-TPD worsened metabolic syndrome and augmented body mass index in comparison with other patient groups. Discussion Overall, our data demonstrated that CT scan and DLCOc identified patients with L-TPD after COVID-19. This condition was associated with vascular inflammation and impair phagocytosis of virus-antibody immune complexes by reduced FcγRIII expression. In addition, we conclude that COVID-19 survivors required a personalized follow-up and adequate intervention to reduce long-term sequelae and the appearance of further metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sanhueza
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mabel A. Vidal
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Arquitectura, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Mario E. Henriquez-Beltran
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
- Kinesiology School, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Camilo Cabrera
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Quiroga
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bárbara E. Antilef
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kevin P. Aguilar
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela A. Castillo
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Faryd J. Llerena
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco Fraga Figueroa
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Nazal
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eritson Castro
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paola Lagos
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexa Moreno
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime J. Lastra
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Medicine Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Gajardo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Medicine Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Garcés
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Medicine Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Rocío Sanhueza
- Kinesiology School, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Valeska Ormazába
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Saldivia
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Guillermo Nourdin
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Elard Koch
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Zuñiga
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paula Bustos
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Tapia
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- CMA Bío-Bío - Advanced Microscopy Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Cerda
- CMA Bío-Bío - Advanced Microscopy Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Riquelme
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Braulio A. Muñoz Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David De Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Medicine and Biomedical Science Faculty, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ricardo A. Verdugo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria y Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria I. Barría
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Víctor Ríos Ruiz, Los Ángeles, Chile
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Devereaux MEM, Pamenter ME. Adenosine and γ-aminobutyric acid partially regulate metabolic and ventilatory responses of Damaraland mole-rats to acute hypoxia. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246186. [PMID: 37694288 PMCID: PMC10565114 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fossorial Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) mount a robust hypoxic metabolic response (HMR) but a blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) to acute hypoxia. Although these reflex physiological responses have been described previously, the underlying signalling pathways are entirely unknown. Of particular interest are contributions from γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system of most adult mammals, and adenosine, the accumulation of which increases during hypoxia as a breakdown product of ATP. Therefore, we hypothesized that GABAergic and/or adenosinergic signalling contributes to the blunted HVR and robust HMR in Damaraland mole-rats. To test this hypothesis, we injected adult animals with saline alone (controls), or 100 mg kg-1 aminophylline or 1 mg kg-1 bicuculline, to block adenosine or GABAA receptors, respectively. We then used respirometry, plethysmography and thermal RFID probes to non-invasively measure metabolic, ventilator and thermoregulatory responses, respectively, to acute hypoxia (1 h in 5 or 7% O2) in awake and freely behaving animals. We found that bicuculline had relatively minor effects on metabolism and thermoregulation but sensitized ventilation such that the HVR became manifest at 7% instead of 5% O2 and was greater in magnitude. Aminophylline increased metabolic rate, ventilation and body temperature in normoxia, and augmented the HMR and HVR. Taken together, these findings indicate that adenosinergic and GABAergic signalling play important roles in mediating the robust HMR and blunted HVR in Damaraland mole-rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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9
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Devereaux MEM, Chiasson S, Brennan KF, Pamenter ME. The glutamatergic drive to breathe is reduced in severe but not moderate hypoxia in Damaraland mole-rats. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246185. [PMID: 37589556 PMCID: PMC10565110 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are a hypoxia-tolerant fossorial species that exhibit a robust hypoxic metabolic response (HMR) and blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). Whereas the HVR of most adult mammals is mediated by increased excitatory glutamatergic signalling, naked mole-rats, which are closely related to Damaraland mole-rats, do not utilize this pathway. Given their phylogenetic relationship and similar lifestyles, we hypothesized that the signalling mechanisms underlying physiological responses to acute hypoxia in Damaraland mole-rats are like those of naked mole-rats. To test this, we used pharmacological antagonists of glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), combined with plethysmography, respirometry and thermal RFID chips, to non-invasively evaluate the role of excitatory AMPAR and NMDAR signalling in mediating ventilatory, metabolic and thermoregulatory responses, respectively, to 1 h of 5 or 7% O2. We found that AMPAR or NMDAR antagonism have minimal impacts on the HMR or hypoxia-mediated changes in thermoregulation. Conversely, the 'blunted' HVR of Damaraland mole-rats is reduced by either AMPAR or NMDAR antagonism such that the onset of the HVR occurs in less severe hypoxia. In more severe hypoxia, antagonists have no impact, suggesting that these receptors are already inhibited. Together, these findings indicate that the glutamatergic drive to breathe decreases in Damaraland mole-rats exposed to severe hypoxia. These findings differ from other adult mammals, in which the glutamatergic drive to breathe increases with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Chiasson
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kate F. Brennan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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10
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Cheng H, Perkins GA, Ju S, Kim K, Ellisman MH, Pamenter ME. Enhanced mitochondrial buffering prevents Ca 2+ overload in naked mole-rat brain. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP285002. [PMID: 37668020 PMCID: PMC10912373 DOI: 10.1113/jp285002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleterious Ca2+ accumulation is central to hypoxic cell death in the brain of most mammals. Conversely, hypoxia-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ are retarded in hypoxia-tolerant naked mole-rat brain. We hypothesized that naked mole-rat brain mitochondria have an enhanced capacity to buffer exogenous Ca2+ and examined Ca2+ handling in naked mole-rat cortical tissue. We report that naked mole-rat brain mitochondria buffer >2-fold more exogenous Ca2+ than mouse brain mitochondria, and that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) at which Ca2+ inhibits aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is >2-fold higher in naked mole-rat brain. The primary driving force of Ca2+ uptake is the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm ), and the IC50 at which Ca2+ decreases Δψm is ∼4-fold higher in naked mole-rat than mouse brain. The ability of naked mole-rat brain mitochondria to safely retain large volumes of Ca2+ may be due to ultrastructural differences that support the uptake and physical storage of Ca2+ in mitochondria. Specifically, and relative to mouse brain, naked mole-rat brain mitochondria are larger and have higher crista density and increased physical interactions between adjacent mitochondrial membranes, all of which are associated with improved energetic homeostasis and Ca2+ management. We propose that excessive Ca2+ influx into naked mole-rat brain is buffered by physical storage in large mitochondria, which would reduce deleterious Ca2+ overload and may thus contribute to the hypoxia and ischaemia-tolerance of naked mole-rat brain. KEY POINTS: Unregulated Ca2+ influx is a hallmark of hypoxic brain death; however, hypoxia-mediated Ca2+ influx into naked mole-rat brain is markedly reduced relative to mice. This is important because naked mole-rat brain is robustly tolerant against in vitro hypoxia, and because Ca2+ is a key driver of hypoxic cell death in brain. We show that in hypoxic naked mole-rat brain, oxidative capacity and mitochondrial membrane integrity are better preserved following exogenous Ca2+ stress. This is due to mitochondrial buffering of exogenous Ca2+ and is driven by a mitochondrial membrane potential-dependant mechanism. The unique ultrastructure of naked mole-rat brain mitochondria, as a large physical storage space, may support increased Ca2+ buffering and thus hypoxia-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Saeyeon Ju
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Kawamura Y, Oka K, Semba T, Takamori M, Sugiura Y, Yamasaki R, Suzuki Y, Chujo T, Nagase M, Oiwa Y, Fujioka S, Homma S, Yamamura Y, Miyawaki S, Narita M, Fukuda T, Sakai Y, Ishimoto T, Tomizawa K, Suematsu M, Yamamoto T, Bono H, Okano H, Miura K. Cellular senescence induction leads to progressive cell death via the INK4a-RB pathway in naked mole-rats. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111133. [PMID: 37431790 PMCID: PMC10425838 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have exceptional longevity and are resistant to age-related physiological decline and diseases. Given the role of cellular senescence in aging, we postulated that NMRs possess unidentified species-specific mechanisms to prevent senescent cell accumulation. Here, we show that upon induction of cellular senescence, NMR fibroblasts underwent delayed and progressive cell death that required activation of the INK4a-retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway (termed "INK4a-RB cell death"), a phenomenon not observed in mouse fibroblasts. Naked mole-rat fibroblasts uniquely accumulated serotonin and were inherently vulnerable to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). After activation of the INK4a-RB pathway, NMR fibroblasts increased monoamine oxidase levels, leading to serotonin oxidization and H2 O2 production, which resulted in increased intracellular oxidative damage and cell death activation. In the NMR lung, induction of cellular senescence caused delayed, progressive cell death mediated by monoamine oxidase activation, thereby preventing senescent cell accumulation, consistent with in vitro results. The present findings indicate that INK4a-RB cell death likely functions as a natural senolytic mechanism in NMRs, providing an evolutionary rationale for senescent cell removal as a strategy to resist aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mayuko Takamori
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Riyo Yamasaki
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Chujo
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mari Nagase
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Chemical BiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shusuke Fujioka
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sayuri Homma
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Yamamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shingo Miyawaki
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
- Division of Cancer PathophysiologyNational Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI)TokyoJapan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy AgingKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- WPI‐Bio2Q Research CenterCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi), Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Medical‐risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells TeamRIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP)KyotoJapan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Laboratory of BioDX, PtBio Collaborative Research Laboratory, Genome Editing Innovation CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy AgingKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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12
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Wang D, Marcet-Rius M, Villanueva-García D, Gazzano A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Lezama-García K, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gómez-Prado J, Mota-Rojas D. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 37443971 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates, and it could be developed after birth because the uterus temperature is more elevated than the extrauterine temperature. Neonates use diverse mechanisms to thermoregulate, such as shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. These strategies can be more efficient in some species, but not in others, i.e., altricials, which have the greatest difficulty with achieving thermoneutrality. In addition, there are anatomical and neurological differences in mammals, which may present different distributions and amounts of brown fat. This article aims to discuss the neuromodulation mechanisms of thermoregulation and the importance of brown fat in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals, emphasizing the analysis of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine the distribution, amount, and efficiency of this energy resource in newborns of different species. It has been concluded that is vital to understand and minimize hypothermia causes in newborns, which is one of the main causes of mortality in neonates. This would be beneficial for both animals and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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13
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Hart DW, Bennett NC, Best C, van Jaarsveld B, Cheng H, Ivy CM, Kirby AM, Munro D, Sprenger RJ, Storey KB, Milsom WK, Pamenter ME. The relationship between hypoxia exposure and circulating cortisol levels in social and solitary African mole-rats: An initial report. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 339:114294. [PMID: 37120097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxemia from exposure to intermittent and/or acute environmental hypoxia (lower oxygen concentration) is a severe stressor for many animal species. The response to hypoxia of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis), which culminates in the release of glucocorticoids, has been well-studied in hypoxia-intolerant surface-dwelling mammals. Several group-living (social) subterranean species, including most African mole-rats, are hypoxia-tolerant, likely due to regular exposure to intermittent hypoxia in their underground burrows. Conversely, solitary mole-rat species, lack many adaptive mechanisms, making them less hypoxia-tolerant than the social genera. To date, the release of glucocorticoids in response to hypoxia has not been measured in hypoxia-tolerant mammalian species. Consequently, this study exposed three social African mole-rat species and two solitary mole-rat species to normoxia, or acute hypoxia and then measured their respective plasma glucocorticoid (cortisol) concentrations. Social mole-rats had lower plasma cortisol concentrations under normoxia than the solitary genera. Furthermore, individuals of all three of the social mole-rat species exhibited significantly increased plasma cortisol concentrations after hypoxia, similar to those of hypoxia-intolerant surface-dwelling species. By contrast, individuals of the two solitary species had a reduced plasma cortisol response to acute hypoxia, possibly due to increased plasma cortisol under normoxia. If placed in perspective with other closely related surface-dwelling species, the regular exposure of the social African mole-rats to hypoxia may have reduced the basal levels of the components for the adaptive mechanisms associated with hypoxia exposure, including circulating cortisol levels. Similarly, the influence of body mass on plasma cortisol levels cannot be ignored. This study demonstrates that both hypoxia-tolerant rodents and hypoxia-intolerant terrestrial laboratory-bred rodents may possess similar HPA-axis responses from exposure to hypoxia. Further research is required to confirm the results from this pilot study and to further confirm how the cortisol concentrations may influence responses to hypoxia in African mole-rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Hart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Carol Best
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barry van Jaarsveld
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine M Ivy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexia M Kirby
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Munro
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan J Sprenger
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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Gorshkova EA, Gubernatorova EO, Dvorianinova EM, Yurakova TR, Marey MV, Averina OA, Holtze S, Hildebrandt TB, Dmitriev AA, Drutskaya MS, Vyssokikh MY, Nedospasov SA. Macrophages from naked mole-rat possess distinct immunometabolic signatures upon polarization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172467. [PMID: 37153552 PMCID: PMC10154529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a unique long-lived rodent which is highly resistant to age-associated disorders and cancer. The immune system of NMR possesses a distinct cellular composition with the prevalence of myeloid cells. Thus, the detailed phenotypical and functional assessment of NMR myeloid cell compartment may uncover novel mechanisms of immunoregulation and healthy aging. In this study gene expression signatures, reactive nitrogen species and cytokine production, as well as metabolic activity of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated NMR bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were examined. Polarization of NMR macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions led to expected M1 phenotype characterized by increased pro-inflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and aerobic glycolysis, but paralleled by reduced production of nitric oxide (NO). Under systemic LPS-induced inflammatory conditions NO production also was not detected in NMR blood monocytes. Altogether, our results indicate that NMR macrophages are capable of transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming under polarizing stimuli, however, NMR M1 possesses species-specific signatures as compared to murine M1, implicating distinct adaptations in NMR immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Gorshkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Taisiya R. Yurakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Marey
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Averina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
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15
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Midha AD, Zhou Y, Queliconi BB, Barrios AM, Haribowo AG, Chew BTL, Fong COY, Blecha JE, VanBrocklin H, Seo Y, Jain IH. Organ-specific fuel rewiring in acute and chronic hypoxia redistributes glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Cell Metab 2023; 35:504-516.e5. [PMID: 36889284 PMCID: PMC10077660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation can be detrimental. However, chronic hypoxia is also associated with decreased incidence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in high-altitude populations. Previously, hypoxic fuel rewiring has primarily been studied in immortalized cells. Here, we describe how systemic hypoxia rewires fuel metabolism to optimize whole-body adaptation. Acclimatization to hypoxia coincided with dramatically lower blood glucose and adiposity. Using in vivo fuel uptake and flux measurements, we found that organs partitioned fuels differently during hypoxia adaption. Acutely, most organs increased glucose uptake and suppressed aerobic glucose oxidation, consistent with previous in vitro investigations. In contrast, brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle became "glucose savers," suppressing glucose uptake by 3-5-fold. Interestingly, chronic hypoxia produced distinct patterns: the heart relied increasingly on glucose oxidation, and unexpectedly, the brain, kidney, and liver increased fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Hypoxia-induced metabolic plasticity carries therapeutic implications for chronic metabolic diseases and acute hypoxic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush D Midha
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuyin Zhou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alec M Barrios
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Augustinus G Haribowo
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brandon T L Chew
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cyril O Y Fong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Henry VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Isha H Jain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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16
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Moldakozhayev A, Gladyshev VN. Metabolism, homeostasis, and aging. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:158-169. [PMID: 36681595 PMCID: PMC11096277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We propose a two-mode (pursuit/maintenance) model of metabolism defined by usable resource availability. Pursuit, consisting of anabolism and catabolism, dominates when usable resources are plentiful and leads to the generation of metabolic waste. In turn, maintenance of a system is activated by elevated metabolic waste during resource depletion. Interaction with the environment results in pendulum-like swings between these metabolic states in thriveless attempts to maintain the least deleterious organismal state - ephemeral homeostasis. Imperfectness of biological processes during these attempts supports the accumulation of the deleteriome, driving organismal aging. We discuss how metabolic adjustment by the environment and resource stabilization may modulate healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Moldakozhayev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Oka K, Yamakawa M, Kawamura Y, Kutsukake N, Miura K. The Naked Mole-Rat as a Model for Healthy Aging. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:207-226. [PMID: 36318672 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050322-074744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodents with a maximum life span exceeding 37 years. They exhibit a delayed aging phenotype and resistance to age-related functional decline/diseases. Specifically, they do not display increased mortality with age, maintain several physiological functions until nearly the end of their lifetime, and rarely develop cancer and Alzheimer's disease. NMRs live in a hypoxic environment in underground colonies in East Africa and are highly tolerant of hypoxia. These unique characteristics of NMRs have attracted considerable interest from zoological and biomedical researchers. This review summarizes previous studies of the ecology, hypoxia tolerance, longevity/delayed aging, and cancer resistance of NMRs and discusses possible mechanisms contributing to their healthy aging. In addition, we discuss current issues and future perspectives to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying delayed aging and resistance to age-related diseases in NMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , ,
| | - Masanori Yamakawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan; ,
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , ,
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan; , .,Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , , .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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Marks de Chabris NC, Sabir S, Perkins G, Cheng H, Ellisman MH, Pamenter ME. Short communication: Acute hypoxia does not alter mitochondrial abundance in naked mole-rats. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111343. [PMID: 36379380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia poses a significant energetic challenge and most species exhibit metabolic remodelling when exposed to prolonged hypoxia. One component of this remodelling is mitochondrial biogenesis/mitophagy, which alter mitochondrial abundance and helps to adjust metabolic throughput to match changes in energy demands in hypoxia. However, how acute hypoxia impacts mitochondrial abundance in hypoxia-tolerant species is poorly understood. To help address this gap, we exposed hypoxia-tolerant naked mole-rats to 3 h of normoxia or acute hypoxia (5% O2) and measured changes in mitochondrial abundance using two well-established markers: citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance. We found that neither marker changed with hypoxia in brain, liver, or kidney, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis is not initiated during acute hypoxia in these tissues. Conversely in skeletal muscle, the ratio of CS activity to total protein decreased 50% with hypoxia. However, this change was likely driven by an increase in soluble protein density in hypoxia because CS activity was unchanged relative to wet tissue weight and the mtDNA copy number was unchanged. To confirm this, we examined skeletal muscle mitochondria using transmission electron microscopy and found no change in mitochondrial volume density. Taken together with previous studies of mitochondrial respiratory function, our present findings suggest that naked mole-rats primarily rely on tissue-specific functional remodelling of metabolic pathways and mitochondrial respiratory throughput, and not physical changes in mitochondrial number or volume, to adjust to short-term hypoxic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soulene Sabir
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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19
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Peng Y, Nanduri J, Wang N, Khan SA, Pamenter M, Prabhakar NR. Carotid body responses to O 2 and CO 2 in hypoxia-tolerant naked mole rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13851. [PMID: 35757963 PMCID: PMC9787741 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Naked mole rats (NMRs) exhibit blunted hypoxic (HVR) and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HCVR). The mechanism(s) underlying these responses are largely unknown. We hypothesized that attenuated carotid body (CB) sensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia contributes to the near absence of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and CO2 in NMRs. METHODS We measured ex vivo CB sensory nerve activity, phrenic nerve activity (an estimation of ventilation), and blood gases in urethane-anesthetized NMRs and C57BL/6 mice breathing normoxic, hypoxic, or hypercapnic gases. CB morphology, carbon monoxide, and H2 S levels were also determined. RESULTS Relative to mice, NMRs had blunted CB and HVR. Morphologically, NMRs have larger CBs, which contained more glomus cells than in mice. Furthermore, NMR glomus cells form a dispersed pattern compared to a clustered pattern in mice. Hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA was elevated in NMR CBs, and an HO inhibitor increased CB sensitivity to hypoxia in NMRs. This increase was blocked by an H2 S synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that interrupted gas messenger signaling contributes to the blunted CB responses and HVR in NMRs. Regarding hypercapnia, CB and ventilatory responses to CO2 in NMRs were larger than in mice. Carbonic anhydrase (CA)-2 mRNA is elevated in NMR CBs, and a CA inhibitor blocked the augmented CB response to CO2 in NMRs, indicating CA activity regulates augmented CB response to CO2 . CONCLUSIONS Consistent with our hypothesis, impaired CB responses to hypoxia contribute in part to the blunted HVR in NMRs. Conversely, the HCVR and CB are more sensitive to CO2 in NMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 SensingUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 SensingUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 SensingUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Shakil A. Khan
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 SensingUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Nanduri R. Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 SensingUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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20
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Fang Z, Liu G, Zhu M, Wang S, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Yu H, Hao X, Chen M, Gao W, Lei L, Song Y, Wang Z, Du X, Li X. Low abundance of mitophagy markers is associated with reactive oxygen species overproduction in cows with fatty liver and causes reactive oxygen species overproduction and lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7829-7841. [PMID: 35863923 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main site of fatty acid oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria induce oxidative stress and increase the risk of lipid accumulation. During the process of mitophagy, PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) accumulates on damaged mitochondria and recruits cytoplasmic Parkin to mitochondria. As an autophagy receptor protein, sequestosome-1 (p62) binds Parkin-ubiquitinated outer mitochondrial membrane proteins and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) to facilitate degradation of damaged mitochondria. In nonruminants, clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway contributes to reducing ROS production and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Whether PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a similar role in dairy cow liver is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate mitophagy status in dairy cows with fatty liver and its role in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Liver and blood samples were collected from healthy dairy cows (n = 10) and cows with fatty liver (n = 10) that had a similar number of lactations (median = 3, range = 2 to 4) and days in milk (median = 6 d, range = 3 to 9 d). Calf hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy newborn female Holstein calves (1 d of age, 30-40 kg). Hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA targeted against PRKN for 48 h or transfected with PRKN overexpression plasmid for 36 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.3 or 1.2 mM) for 12 h. Mitochondria were isolated from fresh liver tissue or calf hepatocytes. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher in dairy cows with fatty liver. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were greater in cows with fatty liver. The lower protein abundance of PINK1, Parkin, p62, and LC3-II in hepatic mitochondrial fraction of dairy cows with fatty liver indicated the mitophagy was impaired. In hepatocytes, knockdown of PRKN decreased protein abundance of p62 and LC3-II in the mitochondrial fraction, and increased contents of triacylglycerol (TG), MDA, and H2O2. In addition, protein abundances of PINK1, Parkin, p62, and LC3-II were lower in the mitochondrial fraction from hepatocytes treated with 1.2 mM FFA than the hepatocytes treated with 0.3 mM FFA, whereas the content of TG, MDA, and H2O2 increased. In 1.2 mM FFA-treated hepatocytes, PRKN overexpression increased protein abundance of p62 and LC3-II in the mitochondrial fraction and decreased contents of TG, MDA, and H2O2. Together, our data demonstrate that low abundance of mitophagy markers is associated with ROS overproduction in dairy cows with fatty liver and impaired mitophagy induced by a high concentration of FFA promotes ROS production and lipid accumulation in female calf hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xue Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
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Hart DW, Bennett NC, Oosthuizen MK, Waterman JM, Hambly C, Scantlebury DM. Energetics and Water Flux in the Subterranean Rodent Family Bathyergidae. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.867350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The doubly labeled water (DLW) technique and indirect calorimetry enable measurement of an animal’s daily energy expenditure (DEE, kJ/day), resting metabolic rate (RMR, kJ/d), sustained metabolic scope (SusMS), body fat content (BF, %) as well as water turnover (WTO, ml/day), and water economy index (ml/kJ). Small mammals have been the primary focus of many of the DLW studies to date. From large multi-species analyses of the energetics and water flux of aboveground small mammals, well-defined trends have been observed. These trends mainly refer to an adaptive advantage for lower RMR, DEE, SusMS, WTO and WEI in more ariddwelling animals to increase water and energy savings under low and unpredictable resource availability. The study of the subterranean rodent family Bathyergidae (African mole-rats) has been of particular interest with regards to field metabolic rate and metabolic studies. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on the Bathyergidae, a complete overview and multi-species analysis of the energetics and water flux of this family is lacking. Consequently, we assessed DEE, RMR, SusMS, BF, WTO and WEI across several different species of bathyergids from various climatic regions, and compared these to the established patterns of energetics and water flux for aboveground rodents. There was notable variation across the Bathyergidae inhabiting areas with different aridities, often contrary to the variations observed in above-ground species. These include increased DEE and WEI in arid-dwelling bathyergid species. While the climate was not a clear factor when predicting the SusMS of a bathyergid species, rather the degree of group living was a strong driver of SusMS, with solitary species possessing the highest SusMS compared to the socially living species. We conclude that the constraints of the underground lifestyle and the consequent spectrum of social behaviors possessed by the family Bathyergidae are most likely to be more crucial to their energetics and water flux than their habitat; however other important unstudied factors may still be at play. More so, this study provides evidence that often unreported parameters, measured through use of the DLW technique (such as BF and WEI) can enable species to be identified that might be at particular risk to climate change.
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22
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Acute pH alterations do not impact cardiac mitochondrial respiration in naked mole-rats or mice. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111185. [PMID: 35278722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Energetically demanding conditions such as hypoxia and exercise favour anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis), which leads to acidification of the cellular milieu from ATP hydrolysis and accumulation of the anaerobic end-product, lactate. Cellular acidification may damage mitochondrial proteins and/or alter the H+ gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, which may in turn impact mitochondrial respiration and thus aerobic ATP production. Naked mole-rats are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals, and putatively experience intermittent environmental and systemic hypoxia while resting and exercising in their underground burrows. Previous studies in naked mole-rat brain, heart, and skeletal muscle mitochondria have demonstrated adaptations that favour improved efficiency in hypoxic conditions; however, the impact of cellular acidification on mitochondrial function has not been explored. We hypothesized that, relative to hypoxia-intolerant mice, naked mole-rat cardiac mitochondrial respiration is less sensitive to cellular pH changes. To test this, we used high-resolution respirometry to measure mitochondrial respiration by permeabilized cardiac muscle fibres from naked mole-rats and mice exposed in vitro to a pH range from 6.6 to 7.6. Surprisingly, we found that acute pH changes do not impact cardiac mitochondrial respiration or compromise mitochondrial integrity in either species. Our results suggest that acute alterations of cellular pH have minimal impact on cardiac mitochondrial respiration.
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23
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Lutermann H. Socializing in an Infectious World: The Role of Parasites in Social Evolution of a Unique Rodent Family. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.879031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of parasites between hosts is facilitated by close contact of hosts. Consequently, parasites have been proposed as an important constraint to the evolution of sociality accounting for its rarity. Despite the presumed costs associated with parasitism, the majority of species of African mole-rats (Family: Bathyergidae) are social. In fact, only the extremes of sociality (i.e., solitary and singular breeding) are represented in this subterranean rodent family. But how did bathyergids overcome the costs of parasitism? Parasite burden is a function of the exposure and susceptibility of a host to parasites. In this review I explore how living in sealed burrow systems and the group defenses that can be employed by closely related group members can effectively reduce the exposure and susceptibility of social bathyergids to parasites. Evidence suggests that this can be achieved largely by investment in relatively cheap and flexible behavioral rather than physiological defense mechanisms. This also shifts the selection pressure for parasites on successful transmission between group members rather than transmission between groups. In turn, this constrains the evolution of virulence and favors socially transmitted parasites (e.g., mites and lice) further reducing the costs of parasitism for social Bathyergidae. I conclude by highlighting directions for future research to evaluate the mechanisms proposed and to consider parasites as facilitators of social evolution not only in this rodent family but also other singular breeders.
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D’Alessio S, Cheng H, Eaton L, Kraev I, Pamenter ME, Lange S. Acute Hypoxia Alters Extracellular Vesicle Signatures and the Brain Citrullinome of Naked Mole-Rats (Heterocephalus glaber). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094683. [PMID: 35563075 PMCID: PMC9100269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be indicative biomarkers of physiological and pathological status and adaptive responses, including to diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and related to hypoxia. While these markers have been studied in hypoxia-intolerant mammals, in vivo investigations in hypoxia-tolerant species are lacking. Naked mole-rats (NMR) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and are thus a good model organism for understanding natural and beneficial adaptations to hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to reveal CNS related roles for PADs in hypoxia tolerance and identify whether circulating EV signatures may reveal a fingerprint for adaptive whole-body hypoxia responses in this species. We found that following in vivo acute hypoxia, NMR: (1) plasma-EVs were remodelled, (2) whole proteome EV cargo contained more protein hits (including citrullinated proteins) and a higher number of associated KEGG pathways relating to the total proteome of plasma-EVs Also, (3) brains had a trend for elevation in PAD1, PAD3 and PAD6 protein expression, while PAD2 and PAD4 were reduced, while (4) the brain citrullinome had a considerable increase in deiminated protein hits with hypoxia (1222 vs. 852 hits in normoxia). Our findings indicate that circulating EV signatures are modified and proteomic content is reduced in hypoxic conditions in naked mole-rats, including the circulating EV citrullinome, while the brain citrullinome is elevated and modulated in response to hypoxia. This was further reflected in elevation of some PADs in the brain tissue following acute hypoxia treatment. These findings indicate a possible selective role for PAD-isozymes in hypoxia response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D’Alessio
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK;
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Liam Eaton
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-20-7911-5000 (ext. 64832)
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Pramsohler S, Burtscher M, Rausch L, Netzer NC. Weight Loss and Fat Metabolism during Multi-Day High-Altitude Sojourns: A Hypothesis Based on Adipocyte Signaling. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040545. [PMID: 35455035 PMCID: PMC9026814 DOI: 10.3390/life12040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several publications and random observations have reported weight loss in high-altitude sojourners of both sexes. This could be a result of multiple adaptations, which hypoxia and mountaineering provoke on a cellular and organic level. Several publications have discussed the effect on appetite-regulating hormones to be one of the main contributing factors. We aimed to review the available data and show the current state of knowledge regarding nutritional aspects in high altitude with a special focus on fatty dietary forms. To reach this aim we conducted a literature search via PubMed according to the PRISMA 2020 protocol to identify relevant studies. We found that very few studies cover this field with scientifically satisfying evidence. For final analysis, reviews as well as papers that were not clearly related to the topic were excluded. Six articles were included discussing hormonal influences and the impact of exercise on appetite regulation as well as genetic factors altering metabolic processes at altitude. Leptin expression seems to be the biggest contributor to appetite reduction at altitude with an initial increase followed by a decrease in the course of time at high altitude. Its expression is greatly dependent on the amount of white adipose tissue. Since the expression of leptin is associated with an increased β-oxidation of fatty acids, a high-fat diet could be advantageous at a certain time point in the course of high-altitude sojourns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Pramsohler
- Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, 83043 Bad Aibling, Germany;
- Institute of Sports Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (L.R.)
- Department Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)163-628-6366
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Institute of Sports Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Linda Rausch
- Institute of Sports Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Nikolaus C. Netzer
- Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, 83043 Bad Aibling, Germany;
- Institute of Sports Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (L.R.)
- Department Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bozen, Italy
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hypoxia is one of the strongest environmental drivers of cellular and physiological adaptation. Although most mammals are largely intolerant of hypoxia, some specialized species have evolved mitigative strategies to tolerate hypoxic niches. Among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals are naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber), a eusocial species of subterranean rodent native to eastern Africa. In hypoxia, naked mole-rats maintain consciousness and remain active despite a robust and rapid suppression of metabolic rate, which is mediated by numerous behavioural, physiological and cellular strategies. Conversely, hypoxia-intolerant mammals and most other hypoxia-tolerant mammals cannot achieve the same degree of metabolic savings while staying active in hypoxia and must also increase oxygen supply to tissues, and/or enter torpor. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that naked mole-rats share many cellular strategies with non-mammalian vertebrate champions of anoxia tolerance, including the use of alternative metabolic end-products and potent pH buffering mechanisms to mitigate cellular acidification due to upregulation of anaerobic metabolic pathways, rapid mitochondrial remodelling to favour increased respiratory efficiency, and systemic shifts in energy prioritization to maintain brain function over that of other tissues. Herein, I discuss what is known regarding adaptations of naked mole-rats to a hypoxic lifestyle, and contrast strategies employed by this species to those of hypoxia-intolerant mammals, closely related African mole-rats, other well-studied hypoxia-tolerant mammals, and non-mammalian vertebrate champions of anoxia tolerance. I also discuss the neotenic theory of hypoxia tolerance – a leading theory that may explain the evolutionary origins of hypoxia tolerance in mammals – and highlight promising but underexplored avenues of hypoxia-related research in this fascinating model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7. University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
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Huynh KW, Pamenter ME. Lactate inhibits naked mole-rat cardiac mitochondrial respiration. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:501-511. [PMID: 35181821 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In aerobic conditions, the proton-motive force drives oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the conversion of ADP to ATP. In hypoxic environments, OXPHOS is impaired, resulting in energy shortfalls and the accumulation of protons and lactate. This results in cellular acidification, which may impact the activity and/or integrity of mitochondrial enzymes and in turn negatively impact mitochondrial respiration and thus aerobic ATP production. Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and putatively experience intermittent hypoxia in their underground burrows. However, if and how NMR cardiac mitochondria are impacted by lactate accumulation in hypoxia is unknown. We predicted that lactate alters mitochondrial respiration in NMR cardiac muscle. To test this, we used high-resolution respirometry to measure mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibres from NMRs exposed to 4 h of in vivo normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7% O2). We found that: (1) cardiac mitochondria cannot directly oxidize lactate, but surprisingly, (2) lactate inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and (3) decreases complex IV maximum respiratory capacity. Finally, (4) in vivo hypoxic exposure decreases the magnitude of lactate-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, our results suggest that lactate may retard electron transport system function in NMR cardiac mitochondria, particularly in normoxia, and that NMR hearts may be primed for anaerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny W Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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