1
|
Zhang L, Li H, Hu T, Du X, Zhou Y, Sun G, Liu J. The reduction of the carbon footprint of municipal solid waste management via source classification and supporting strategies: An analysis for the megacity of Shenzhen. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 187:145-155. [PMID: 39032437 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a critical concern in megacities that depend heavily on external material and energy inputs but lack space for waste disposal. MSW treatment is a significant contributor to carbon emissions. The implementation of source classification improved the overall MSW management system and enhanced resource recovery from MSW. However, the precise contribution of source classification to carbon emissions reduction remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the carbon emissions evolution in the MSW management of Shenzhen, a prototypical megacity in China, using data from 2006 to 2020 and employing carbon footprint assessment methodologies. The results demonstrated that source classification reduced the carbon emissions from 0.19-0.25 to 0.14-0.18 t CO2-eq/t MSW when considering the contribution of the urban environmental sanitation management department. The entire MSW management system becomes a carbon sink when considering recyclables collected by commercial enterprises. Although the source classification complicated the collection and transportation of MSW, the carbon offset effect of recycling food waste and recyclables was more significant than that of carbon emissions from collection and transport. Moreover, the landfill gas recovery rate critically influenced the carbon emissions of landfill-based MSW management systems. In contrast, the recovery of plastics was crucial for determining carbon emissions from incineration-based MSW management systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Shenzhen Zhonghuanbohong Technology Co. Ltm., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinrui Du
- Shenzhen Zhonghuanbohong Technology Co. Ltm., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Shenzhen Zhonghuanbohong Technology Co. Ltm., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guofen Sun
- Shenzhen Zhonghuanbohong Technology Co. Ltm., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilson DC, Paul J, Ramola A, Filho CS. Unlocking the significant worldwide potential of better waste and resource management for climate mitigation: with particular focus on the Global South. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024; 42:860-872. [PMID: 39068519 PMCID: PMC11459873 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241262717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Numbers do matter; the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s 2010 data that the waste sector is responsible for just 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led to the misperception that solid waste management (SWM) has little to contribute to climate mitigation. Global efforts to control methane emissions and divert organic waste from landfills had already reduced direct emissions. But end-of-pipe SWM has also been evolving into more circular waste and resource management, with indirect GHG savings from the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) which IPCC accounts for elsewhere in the economy. The evidence compiled here on both direct emissions and indirect savings demonstrates with high confidence that better waste and resource management can make a significant contribution to climate mitigation, and must form a core part of every country's nationally determined contribution. Even the most advanced countries can still achieve much from the 3Rs. In the Global South, the challenge of extending waste collection to all and stopping open dumping and burning (sustainable development goal 11.6.1), essential to improve public health, can be turned into a huge opportunity. Moving early to divert waste from landfill by separation at source and collecting clean organic and dry recycling fractions, will mitigate global GHG emissions, slash ocean plastics and create decent livelihoods. But this can only happen with targeted climate, plastics and extended producer responsibility finance; and help to local communities to help themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Wilson
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Paul
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Aditi Ramola
- International Solid Waste Association, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlos Silva Filho
- International Solid Waste Association, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brazilian Institute of Waste Management – iPNRS, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Maria F, Sisani F, Cesari D, Bontempi E. Supporting the investigation of health outcomes due to airborne emission by different approaches: current evidence for the waste incineration sector. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:58527-58540. [PMID: 39316216 PMCID: PMC11467001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) along with a survey on epidemiologic and oxidative potential studies was used for analysing the current evidence of the impact of airborne emissions from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) on human health. The correspondence among investigated health outcomes and pollutants was discussed based on the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). LCA indicated the ability of MSWI in avoiding human health impact, about - 2 × 10-4 DALY/tonne together with avoided emissions of particulate matter (PM) and resource depletion, about - 2.5 × 10-3 kg Sbeq/tonne and about - 0.11 kg PM2.5 eq/tonne, respectively. Positive emissions were detected for greenhouses (about 900 kg CO2eq/tonne) and ecotoxicity (about 15,000 CTUe/tonne). Epidemiologic studies performed on population exposed to MSWI reported quite contrasting results. In some of these, hazard ratio (HR) ranging from about 0.7 to 2.2 was reported concerning the incidence of stomach, liver, breast and bladder cancer. Larger agreement was detected concerning the incidence of larynx and lung cancer with HR ranging from about 1 to about 2.6. Direct causal nexuses were not definitively identified. Oxidative potential of PM was characterized by a high Pearson correlation > 0.8 to the presence of CrVI, Cu and Zn. These heavy metals were also identified by both CAS and IARC as toxic (i.e. Cu and Zn) and cancerous (i.e. CrVI) substances affecting the organs of both respiratory and digestive apparatus. In general, even if more research is necessary, LCA, oxidative potential and the epidemiologic survey results showed a high level of accordance. This suggests their integrated exploitation for supporting the investigation of both direct and indirect consequences on environment and health related to waste incineration for both retrospective and predictive studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Maria
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Federico Sisani
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesari
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric and Climatic Sciences Institute, S.P Lecce-Monteroni Km 1.2, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li R. Greenhouse gas mitigation potential via a large-scale compulsory circular waste management system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122425. [PMID: 39244936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major anthropogenic contributor to climate change due to the substantial quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by landfills and incineration. Circular waste management has shown promise in reducing GHG emissions; however, it is still in its early stages and requires further optimization. In this study, support vector machine models were developed to determine the compositional dynamics of MSW, which were then integrated to examine the interactions among composition, disposal routes, and GHG emissions. The results from analyzing large-scale transitions from traditional to circular waste management practices showed that GHG mitigation potential will be significantly enhanced as the coverage of circular waste management increases from 35% in 2025 to 100% in 2035 in China. However, these reductions will eventually decrease as waste quantities decline in response to population shrinkage. The results reveal both the GHG mitigation potential and limitations of the circular waste management mode, assisting policymakers and researchers in maximizing its mitigation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Agache I, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Biagioni B, Chung KF, Clot B, D'Amato G, Damialis A, Del Giacco S, Dominguez-Ortega J, Galàn C, Gilles S, Holgate S, Jeebhay M, Kazadzis S, Nadeau K, Papadopoulos N, Quirce S, Sastre J, Tummon F, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Jutel M, Akdis CA. EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergy and asthma: The impact of short-term exposure to outdoor air pollutants on asthma-related outcomes and recommendations for mitigation measures. Allergy 2024; 79:1656-1686. [PMID: 38563695 DOI: 10.1111/all.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The EAACI Guidelines on the impact of short-term exposure to outdoor pollutants on asthma-related outcomes provide recommendations for prevention, patient care and mitigation in a framework supporting rational decisions for healthcare professionals and patients to individualize and improve asthma management and for policymakers and regulators as an evidence-informed reference to help setting legally binding standards and goals for outdoor air quality at international, national and local levels. The Guideline was developed using the GRADE approach and evaluated outdoor pollutants referenced in the current Air Quality Guideline of the World Health Organization as single or mixed pollutants and outdoor pesticides. Short-term exposure to all pollutants evaluated increases the risk of asthma-related adverse outcomes, especially hospital admissions and emergency department visits (moderate certainty of evidence at specific lag days). There is limited evidence for the impact of traffic-related air pollution and outdoor pesticides exposure as well as for the interventions to reduce emissions. Due to the quality of evidence, conditional recommendations were formulated for all pollutants and for the interventions reducing outdoor air pollution. Asthma management counselled by the current EAACI guidelines can improve asthma-related outcomes but global measures for clean air are needed to achieve significant impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier and INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Biagioni
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Hearth & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Clot
- Federal office of meteorology and climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| | - Gennaro D'Amato
- Respiratory Disease Department, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II Medical School of Respiratory Diseases, Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Javier Dominguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Galàn
- Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stelios Kazadzis
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- John Rock Professor of Climate and Population Studies, Department of Environmental Health, Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERES, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Tummon
- Respiratory Disease Department, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II Medical School of Respiratory Diseases, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gómez-Sanabria A, Lindl F. The crucial role of circular waste management systems in cutting waste leakage into aquatic environments. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5443. [PMID: 38937482 PMCID: PMC11211435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Waste leakage has become a major global concern owing to the negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. We combine spatial analysis with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways to project future waste leakage under current conditions and develop mitigation strategies up to 2040. Here we show that the majority (70%) of potential leakage of municipal solid waste into aquatic environments occurs in China, South Asia, Africa, and India. We show the need for the adoption of active mitigation strategies, in particular circular waste management systems, that could stop waste from entering the aquatic ecosystems in the first place. However, even in a scenario representing a sustainable world in which technical, social, and financial barriers are overcome and public awareness and participation to rapidly increase waste collection rates, reduce, reuse and recycling waste exist, it would be impossible to entirely eliminate waste leakage before 2030, failing to meet the waste-related Sustainable Development Goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gómez-Sanabria
- Pollution Management Research Group. Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Florian Lindl
- Pollution Management Research Group. Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Sherif DM, Abouzid M, Saber AN, Hassan GK. A raising alarm on the current global electronic waste situation through bibliometric analysis, life cycle, and techno-economic assessment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40778-40794. [PMID: 38819510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Electronic waste (E-waste) production worldwide is increasing three times faster than the growth of the global population, and it is predicted that the total volume of E-waste will reach 74 million tonnes by 2030. United Nations warned that unless emissions of heat-trapping gases are drastically reduced, humanity will face catastrophic climate change. We created a bibliometric analysis and discussed the life cycle and techno-economic assessments of the current E-waste situation. We found trending E-waste topics, particularly those related to industrial facilities implementing a circular economy framework and improving the recycling methods of lithium-ion batteries, and this was linked to the topic of electric vehicles. Other research themes included bioleaching, hydrometallurgy, reverse logistics, heavy metal life cycle assessment, and sustainability. These topics can interest industrial factories and scientists interested in these fields. Also, throughout techno-economic assessments, we highlighted several economic and investment opportunities to benefit stakeholders from E-waste recycling. While the rate of E-waste is increasing, consumer education on the proper E-waste management strategies, a collaboration between international organizations with the industrial sector, and legislation of robust E-waste regulations may reduce the harmful effect on humans and the environment and increase the income to flourish national economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina M El-Sherif
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ayman N Saber
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Behooth St, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang H, Huang Q, Xu Y, Xiang R, Liu Y. Release potential, neglected leakage and reduction countermeasures of COD and Ammonia in MSWLs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171894. [PMID: 38531441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In order to eliminate the impact of the industrial revolution on the environment and improve the water ecological environment, pollutant discharge reduction is imperative. With the acceleration of global discharge reduction process, the huge pollutant release potential and potential environmental effects of municipal solid waste landfills gradually appear, but its release amount and intensity have not been quantitatively revealed. We propose a coupling method of parameter stochastic simulation and physical process model simulation to estimate the hidden leakage of large-scale regional municipal solid waste landfills, and provide a methodology for estimating the hidden leakage of landfills in other countries and even in the whole world by taking China, which has the largest amount of waste generation among developing countries, as an example. Prior to the implementation of stringent construction quality control and assurance management requirements, the average annual leachate generation potential over the entire life cycle of 2600 landfills in China was estimated to be 4.66 × 108 m3, in which the concentrations of COD and NH3-N are 5.38 × 102-6.48 × 104 mg/L and 6.10-3.50 × 103 mg/L, respectively, and the total amounts are 5.21 × 103-7.81 × 108 t and 8.09 × 102-6.65 × 107 t, respectively. About 14 % of these pollutants may leak into the environmental media through the landfill liner with the average number of holes of 21.5/ha. For different regions, the overall release, discharge and leakage of COD and NH3-N in East China account for 35.70 %, 36.68 % and 29.60 % respectively, making it the region with the highest potential for discharge and risk of leakage. Meanwhile, the implementation of mandatory regulations related to leachate generation and control has led to a significant reduction in the leakage of pollutants. For instance, comprehensively detecting and repair of holes in the impermeable liner has reduced the number of holes to 2/ha, resulting in a reduction of >90 % in the leakage of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Waste Recycling and Regulation, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Rui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan S, Ali B, Alharbi AAK, Alotaibi S, Alkhathami M. Efficient IoT-Assisted Waste Collection for Urban Smart Cities. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3167. [PMID: 38794020 PMCID: PMC11125110 DOI: 10.3390/s24103167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Waste management is one of the many major challenges faced by all urban cities around the world. With the increase in population, the current mechanisms for waste collection and disposal are under strain. The waste management problem is a global challenge that requires a collaborative effort from different stakeholders. Moreover, there is a need to develop technology-based solutions besides engaging the communities and establishing novel policies. While there are several challenges in waste management, the collection of waste using the current infrastructure is among the top challenges. Waste management suffers from issues such as a limited number of collection trucks, different types of household and industrial waste, and a low number of dumping points. The focus of this paper is on utilizing the available waste collection transportation capacity to efficiently dispose of the waste in a time-efficient manner while maximizing toxic waste disposal. A novel knapsack-based technique is proposed that fills the collection trucks with waste bins from different geographic locations by taking into account the amount of waste and toxicity in the bins using IoT sensors. Using the Knapsack technique, the collection trucks are loaded with waste bins up to their carrying capacity while maximizing their toxicity. The proposed model was implemented in MATLAB, and detailed simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms other waste collection approaches. In particular, the amount of high-priority toxic waste collection was improved up to 47% using the proposed technique. Furthermore, the number of waste collection visits is reduced in the proposed scheme as compared to the conventional method, resulting in the recovery of the equipment cost in less than a year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangrez Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
| | - Bakhtiar Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Abeer A. K. Alharbi
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Salihah Alotaibi
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alkhathami
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mandal M, Roy A, Das S, Rakwal R, Agrawal GK, Singh P, Awasthi A, Sarkar A. Food waste-based bio-fertilizers production by bio-based fermenters and their potential impact on the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141539. [PMID: 38417498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Increasing food waste is creating a global waste (and management) crisis. Globally, ∼1.6 billion tons of food is wasted annually, worth ∼$1.2 trillion. By reducing this waste or by turning it into valuable products, numerous economic advantages can be realized, including improved food security, lower production costs, biodegradable products, environmental sustainability, and cleaner solutions to the growing world's waste and garbage management. The appropriate handling of these detrimental materials can significantly reduce the risks to human health. Food waste is available in biodegradable forms and, with the potential to speed up microbial metabolism effectively, has immense potential in improving bio-based fertilizer generation. Synthetic inorganic fertilizers severely affect human health, the environment, and soil fertility, thus requiring immediate consideration. To address these problems, agricultural farming is moving towards manufacturing bio-based fertilizers via utilizing natural bioresources. Food waste-based bio-fertilizers could help increase yields, nutrients, and organic matter and mitigate synthetic fertilizers' adverse effects. These are presented and discussed in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamun Mandal
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Anamika Roy
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Das
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732 103, West Bengal, India
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, Global Sport Innovation Bldg., Room 403, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan; GRADE Academy (Pvt.) Ltd., Birgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Pardeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110065, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732 103, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Munir MT, Li B, Naqvi M, Nizami AS. Green loops and clean skies: Optimizing municipal solid waste management using data science for a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117786. [PMID: 38036215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management and data science unveils a panorama of opportunities and challenges, set against the backdrop of rising global waste and evolving technological landscapes. This article threads through the multifaceted aspects of incorporating data science into MSW management, unearthing key findings, novel knowledge, and instigating a call to action for stakeholders (e.g. policymakers, local authorities, waste management professionals, technology developers, and the general public) across the spectrum. Predominant challenges like the enigmatic nature of "black-box" models and tangible knowledge gaps in the sector are scrutinized, ushering in a narrative that emphasizes transparent, stakeholder-inclusive, and policy-adaptive approaches. Notably, a conscious shift towards "white-box" and "grey-box" data science models has been spotlighted as a pivotal response to transparency issues. Furthermore, the discourse highlights the necessity of crafting data science solutions that are specifically moulded to the nuanced challenges of MSW management, and it underscores the importance of recalibrating existing policies to be reflexive to technological advancements. A resolute call echoes for stakeholders to not just adapt but immerse themselves in a continuous learning trajectory, championing transparency, and fostering collaborations that hinge on innovative, data-driven methodologies. Thus, as the realms of data science and MSW management entwine, the article sheds light on the potential transformation awaiting waste management paradigms, contingent on the nurtured amalgamation of technological advances, policy alignment, and collaborative synergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Naqvi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai M, Sun M, Chen B, Shi L, Jin M, Man Y, Liang Z, de Almeida CMVB, Li J, Zhang P, Chiu ASF, Xu M, Yu H, Meng J, Wang Y. Country-specific net-zero strategies of the pulp and paper industry. Nature 2024; 626:327-334. [PMID: 38109939 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is an important contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions1,2. Country-specific strategies are essential for the industry to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, given its vast heterogeneities across countries3,4. Here we develop a comprehensive bottom-up assessment of net greenhouse gas emissions of the domestic paper-related sectors for 30 major countries from 1961 to 2019-about 3.2% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from the same period5-and explore mitigation strategies through 2,160 scenarios covering key factors. Our results show substantial differences across countries in terms of historical emissions evolution trends and structure. All countries can achieve net-zero emissions for their pulp and paper industry by 2050, with a single measure for most developed countries and several measures for most developing countries. Except for energy-efficiency improvement and energy-system decarbonization, tropical developing countries with abundant forest resources should give priority to sustainable forest management, whereas other developing countries should pay more attention to enhancing methane capture rate and reducing recycling. These insights are crucial for developing net-zero strategies tailored to each country and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 for the pulp and paper industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Dai
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Watershed Carbon Neutrality Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingzhou Jin
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiashuo Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Anthony S F Chiu
- Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yutao Wang
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Energy and Carbon Neutrality Strategy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wilson DC. Learning from the past to plan for the future: An historical review of the evolution of waste and resource management 1970-2020 and reflections on priorities 2020-2030 - The perspective of an involved witness. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1754-1813. [PMID: 37732707 PMCID: PMC10693744 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231178025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving waste and resource management (WaRM) around the world can halve the weight of plastics entering the oceans, significantly mitigate global heating and contribute directly to 12 of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving such results demands understanding and learning from historical evolution of WaRM. The baseline is 1970, prior to environmental legislation. Early steps in the Global North focused on the 'technical fix' within strictly enforced legal frameworks, first bringing hazardous wastes and municipal solid wastes (MSW) under control, then gradually ramping up environmental standards. Using modern technologies to the Global South often failed due to institutional and financial constraints. From 1990, focus switched to integrating technical and governance aspects: local institutional coherence, financial sustainability, provider inclusivity, user inclusivity, national legislative and policy framework. The Global North rediscovered recycling, using policy measures to promote segregation at source; this relied on new markets in emerging economies, which had largely disappeared by 2020. The Global South is making progress on bringing wastes under control, but around 2.7 billion people lack access to waste collection, while ~40% of collected MSW is open dumped or burned - a continuing global waste emergency. So, much remains to be done to move further towards a circular economy. Three policy priorities are critical for all countries: access to sustainable financing, rethinking sustainable recycling and worldwide extended producer responsibility with teeth. Extending services to unserved communities (SDG11.6.1) requires a people-centred approach, working with communities to provide both quality services and decent livelihoods for collection and recycling workers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoy ZX, Woon KS, Chin WC, Van Fan Y, Yoo SJ. Curbing global solid waste emissions toward net-zero warming futures. Science 2023; 382:797-800. [PMID: 37972189 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
No global analysis has considered the warming that could be averted through improved solid waste management and how much that could contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's 1.5° and 2°C pathway goals or the terms of the Global Methane Pledge. With our estimated global solid waste generation of 2.56 to 3.33 billion tonnes by 2050, implementing abrupt technical and behavioral changes could result in a net-zero warming solid waste system relative to 2020, leading to 11 to 27 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide warming-equivalent emissions under the temperature limits. These changes, however, require accelerated adoption within 9 to 17 years (by 2033 to 2041) to align with the Global Methane Pledge. Rapidly reducing methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide emissions is necessary to maximize the short-term climate benefits and stop the ongoing temperature rise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xuan Hoy
- New Energy Science and Engineering Department, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria 43900, Malaysia
| | - Kok Sin Woon
- New Energy Science and Engineering Department, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wen Cheong Chin
- Department of Mathematics, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria 43900, Malaysia
| | - Yee Van Fan
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory (SPIL), NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61669, Czech Republic
| | - Seung Jick Yoo
- Department of Climate and Environmental Studies, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo L, Mak KL, Mal J, Khanal SK, Pradhan N. Effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on taxonomic composition and hydrogen production from kitchen waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129578. [PMID: 37506933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varying zero-valent iron (ZVI) (0 to 5,000 mg/L) on fermentative hydrogen (H2) production, metabolic pattern, and taxonomic profile by using kitchen waste as substrate. The study demonstrated that the supplementation of 500 mg ZVI/L resulted in the highest H2 yield (219.68 ± 11.19 mL H2/g-volatile solids (VS)added), which was 19% higher than the control. The metabolic pattern analysis showed that acetic and butyric acid production primarily drove the H2 production. The taxonomic analysis further revealed that Firmicutes (relative abundance (RA): 80-96%) and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (RA: 68-88%) were the dominant phyla and genera, respectively, during the exponential gas production phase, supporting the observation of accumulation of acetic and butyric acids. These findings suggest that supplementation of ZVI can enhance H2 production from organic waste and significantly influence the metabolic pattern and taxonomic profile, including the metalloenzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ka Lee Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Golik VI, Klyuev RV, Martyushev NV, Kondratiev VV, Tynchenko VS, Gladkikh VA, Iushkova LV, Brigida V. Reuse and Mechanochemical Processing of Ore Dressing Tailings Used for Extracting Pb and Zn. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7004. [PMID: 37959601 PMCID: PMC10647765 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing accumulation of rock waste obtained due to ore processing and its environmental impacts, such as acid mine drainage and elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soils, necessitates the transformation of mining technologies based on the concept of circular waste management. The research is aimed at improving the parameters of the mechanical activation effect produced on technogenic georesources, as well as at expanding the application scope of disintegrators in the field of using the partial backfill of the mined-out space when developing stratified deposits. In this regard, the research purpose was to substantiate the parameters of extracting metals from enrichment tailings using their mechanochemical activation to ensure cyclic waste management. The research involved the application of three-dimensional interpolation methods used for processing the data and the graphical representation. As a result, the following was found to be characteristic of the waste of the Sadonsky mine management. The degree of extracting zinc from pre-activated tailings increases logarithmically when the H2SO4 concentration and the NaCl proportion decrease 3.5 times. The degree of extracting lead from the activated tailings increases according to the Fourier law when decreasing the NaCl mass concentration, and an optimal range of the H2SO4 (0.38-0.51%) proportion decreases six times. One of the key results of the research is the justification of expanding the scope of applying disintegrators in the case of a directed activation influence exerted on the components of the stowing strips. The obtained results expand the understanding of the mechanism of the influence of the mechanochemical activation of dry tailings on the reactivity unevenness when extracting several metals from them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Golik
- Department “Technique and Technology of Mining and Oil and Gas Production”, Moscow Polytechnic University, 33 B. Semenovskaya St., 107023 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.G.); (R.V.K.)
| | - Roman V. Klyuev
- Department “Technique and Technology of Mining and Oil and Gas Production”, Moscow Polytechnic University, 33 B. Semenovskaya St., 107023 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.G.); (R.V.K.)
| | - Nikita V. Martyushev
- Materials Science Department, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Kondratiev
- Laboratory of Geochemistry of Ore Formation and Geochemical Methods of Prospecting, A. P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vadim S. Tynchenko
- Department of Technological Machines and Equipment of Oil and Gas Complex, School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Information-Control Systems Department, Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Artificial Intelligence Technology Scientific and Education Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaliy A. Gladkikh
- Stroytest Research and Testing Center, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26 Yaroslavskoye Shosse, 129337 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V. Iushkova
- Basic Department, Higher School of Restaurant Management, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of State and Municipal Administration, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 662972 Zheleznogorsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Brigida
- Department of Biomedical, Veterinary and Ecological Directions, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kryukovskiy Tupik, 111020 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samouh H, Kumar V, Santiago HM, Garg N. Enhancing phase identification in waste-to-energy fly ashes: Role of Raman spectroscopy, background fluorescence, and photobleaching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132462. [PMID: 37683344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities incinerate ∼11% (∼ 222 Mt) of global solid waste, generating bottom and fly ashes. Landfilling these ashes is costly, and risks releasing contaminants into the environment. Instead, using WTE ashes in secondary industrial applications can circumvent such environmental risks. However, their secondary use is restricted by their inconsistent mineralogy, which may vary due to fluctuating waste composition and combustion conditions. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and reliable monitoring of WTE fly ash mineralogy. Here, we evaluate the employment of Raman spectroscopy for that purpose. Our initial investigation of 12 unique WTE fly ashes resulted in excessive fluorescence, rendering key Raman peaks obscure. To address this issue, we report that a mere 2 min of photobleaching can significantly reduce this fluorescence, facilitating the detection of calcite, calcium sulfate, zincite, and carbon - phases previously undetectable in original spectra. These results show the potential of Raman spectroscopy for rapid monitoring of WTE fly ash mineralogy, which could be beneficial in diverting these ashes from landfill.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Samouh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Halle-Mari Santiago
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Nishant Garg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Son J, Cha K, Chung S, Heo D, Kim S, Choi M, Park IS, Hong J, Lee S. Recycled, Contaminated, Crumpled Aluminum Foil-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301609. [PMID: 37544923 PMCID: PMC10558650 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid urbanization and global population growth, the amount of wasted aluminum foil is significantly increasing. Most deformed and contaminated foil is difficult to recycle; hence, it is landfilled or incinerated, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, using aluminum foil waste for electricity may be conducive to addressing environmental problems. In this regard, various literatures have explored the concept of energy generation using foil, while a crumple ball design for this purpose has not been studied. Thus, a recycled foil-based crumpled ball triboelectric nanogenerator (RFCB-TENG) is proposed. The crumpled ball design can minimize the effects of contamination on foil, ensuring efficient power output. Moreover, owing to novel crumpled design, the RFCB-TENG has some outstanding characteristics to become a sustainable power source, such as ultralight weight, low noise, and high durability. By introducing the air-breakdown model, the RFCB-TENG achieved an output peak voltage of 648 V, a current of 8.1 mA cm3 , and an optimum power of 162.7 mW cm3 . The structure of the RFCB-TENG is systemically optimized depending on the design parameters to realize the optimum output performance. Finally, the RFCB-TENG operated 500 LEDs and 30-W commercial lamps. This work paves the guideline for effectively fabricating the TENG using waste-materials while exhibiting outstanding characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐ho Son
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Cha
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Seh‐Hoon Chung
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjae Heo
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyun Choi
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts02114USA
| | - In Soo Park
- LS MaterialsLSMtron Hi‐Tech Center39, LS‐ro, 116‐gil, Dongan‐guAnyang‐siGyeonggi‐do14118Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChung‐Ang University84, Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fozer D, Nimmegeers P, Toth AJ, Varbanov PS, Klemeš JJ, Mizsey P, Hauschild MZ, Owsianiak M. Hybrid Prediction-Driven High-Throughput Sustainability Screening for Advancing Waste-to-Dimethyl Ether Valorization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13449-13462. [PMID: 37642659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the prospective climate preservation potential of novel, innovative, but immature chemical production techniques is limited by the high number of process synthesis options and the lack of reliable, high-throughput quantitative sustainability pre-screening methods. This study presents the sequential use of data-driven hybrid prediction (ANN-RSM-DOM) to streamline waste-to-dimethyl ether (DME) upcycling using a set of sustainability criteria. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are developed to generate in silico waste valorization experimental results and ex-ante model the operating space of biorefineries applying the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and sewage sludge (SS). Aspen Plus process flowsheeting and ANN simulations are postprocessed using the response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability optimization method (DOM) to improve the in-depth mechanistic understanding of environmental systems and identify the most benign configurations. The hybrid prediction highlights the importance of targeted waste selection based on elemental composition and the need to design waste-specific DME synthesis to improve techno-economic and environmental performances. The developed framework reveals plant configurations with concurrent climate benefits (-1.241 and -2.128 kg CO2-eq (kg DME)-1) and low DME production costs (0.382 and 0.492 € (kg DME)-1) using OFMSW and SS feedstocks. Overall, the multi-scale explorative hybrid prediction facilitates early stage process synthesis, assists in the design of block units with nonlinear characteristics, resolves the simultaneous analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables, and enables the high-throughput sustainability screening of low technological readiness level processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fozer
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philippe Nimmegeers
- Intelligence in Process, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS), Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Environmental Economics (EnvEcon), Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andras Jozsef Toth
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petar Sabev Varbanov
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory─SPIL, NETME Centre, FME, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory─SPIL, NETME Centre, FME, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mizsey
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies, Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Michael Zwicky Hauschild
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikołaj Owsianiak
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hata S, Nansai K, Nakajima K. Supply Chain Factors Contributing to Improved Material Flow Indicators but Increased Carbon Footprint. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12713-12721. [PMID: 37591495 PMCID: PMC10469450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in four material flow indicators (MFIs) have helped facilitate Japan's transition to a sound material-cycle society. However, the economic and technological factors that have affected these MFIs have not been identified previously. Moreover, it is unclear whether the improvements in the MFIs have contributed to Japan's progress toward carbon mitigation. In this study, we quantified the contribution of the factors in the capital-embodied supply chain to changes in the MFIs at the national and sector levels. We also examined the consistency of MFI improvements with carbon footprint reduction. Our results show that, in many sectors, structural changes in the supply chain improved two of the MFIs (resource productivity and material circularity) but increased the carbon footprint of the sector. To address this conflict, producers need to manage their supply chains based on an understanding of the nexus between material consumption and carbon emissions, paying particular attention to supply chains associated with capital formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hata
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nansai
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brezoiu AM, Deaconu M, Mitran RA, Prelipcean AM, Matei C, Berger D. Optimisation of Polyphenols Extraction from Wild Bilberry Leaves-Antimicrobial Properties and Stability Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5795. [PMID: 37570765 PMCID: PMC10420792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic extracts from natural sources have received great interest due to their beneficial properties for human health. A method to reduce their variability is to use the design of experiments which allows a limited number of experiments to be performed while exploring the experimental space. Firstly, a 23-full factorial model was used to investigate the polyphenols extraction from wild bilberry leaves. Spectrophotometric data (the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll and radical scavenger activity) and extraction yield were used as responses, and six statistical models were determined depending on the two numerical factors (temperature and alcohol % of ethanol-water mixture) being significant (p < 0.05) in all cases. Numerical optimisation performed by Design Expert 13 software correlates well with the chemical profile determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the amount of the polyphenol. Afterwards, under the optimised conditions, an extract was prepared in three extraction steps for which composition, chemical stability and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The antimicrobial potential of the extract was compared with that of the standard compounds (rutin and chlorogenic acid), and the results supported a synergistic effect of the extract components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Mihaela Deaconu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Prelipcean
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independetei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Matei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Lin S, Qin Y, Surawski NC, Huang X. Carbon distribution and multi-criteria decision analysis of flexible waste biomass smouldering processing technologies. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:183-193. [PMID: 37269582 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste biomass treatment is a globally urgent matter which highly relates to environmental quality and human health. Here, a flexible suite of smouldering-based waste biomass processing technologies is developed and four processing strategies: (a) full smouldering, (b) partial smouldering, (c) full smouldering with a flame, and (d) partial smouldering with a flame, are proposed. The gaseous, liquid, and solid products of each strategy are quantified under various airflow rates. Then, a multi-criteria analysis in terms of environmental impact, carbon sequestration, waste removal efficiency, and by-product value is performed. The results show that full smouldering achieves the highest removal efficiency but generates significant greenhouse and toxic gases. Partial smouldering effectively generates stable biochar, sequesters over 30% carbon, and therefore reduces the greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. By applying a self-sustained flame, the toxic gases are significantly reduced to clean smouldering emissions. Finally, the process of partial smouldering with a flame is recommended to process the waste biomass that can sequester more carbon as biochar, minimize carbon emissions and mitigate the pollution. And the process of full smouldering with a flame is preferred to maximally reduce the waste volume with minimum environmental impact. This work enriches strategies for carbon sequestration and environmentally friendly waste biomass processing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chen
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shaorun Lin
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yunzhu Qin
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nicholas C Surawski
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Butkute K, Vaitkevicius V, Sinka M, Augonis A, Korjakins A. Influence of Carbonated Bottom Slag Granules in 3D Concrete Printing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114045. [PMID: 37297179 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the possibility of utilising bottom slag (BS) waste from landfills, and a carbonation process advantageous for the use of artificial aggregates (AAs) in printed three-dimensional (3D) concrete composites. In general, the main idea of granulated aggregates is to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions of printed 3D concrete objects (wall). AAs are made from construction materials, both granulated and carbonated. Granules are made from a combination of binder (ordinary Portland cement (OPC), hydrated lime, burnt shale ash (BSA)) and waste material (BS). BS is a waste material left over after the municipal waste burning process in cogeneration power plants. Whole printed 3D concrete composite manufacturing consists of: granulating artificial aggregate, aggregate hardening and sieving (adaptive granulometer), carbonation of AA, mixing 3D concrete, and 3D printing. The granulating and printing processes were analysed for hardening processes, strength results, workability parameters, and physical and mechanical properties. Printings with no granules (reference 3D printed concrete) were compared to 3D printed concretes with 25% and 50% of their natural aggregate replaced with carbonated AA. The results showed that, theoretically, the carbonation process could help to react approximately 126 kg/m3 CO2 from 1 m3 of granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Butkute
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitoldas Vaitkevicius
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maris Sinka
- Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, Kipsala Street 6A, LV1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Algirdas Augonis
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandrs Korjakins
- Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, Kipsala Street 6A, LV1048, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang A, Xie S, Gong Y, Li C, Liu Y. Barriers to compulsory waste sorting for a circular economy in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118180. [PMID: 37207459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Household waste source separation substantially reduces the amount of rubbish sent to landfills and incinerators. It enables value recovery from useful waste for transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. Confronted by the severe waste management problems, China recently implemented its most strict compulsory waste sorting program in big cities to date. Despite the failures of waste sorting projects in China in the past, it is unclear what the implementation barriers are, how they interact, and how they can be overcome. This study addresses this knowledge gap through a systematic barrier study involving all the relevant stakeholders in Shanghai and Beijing. It uncovers the complex interrelationships between barriers using the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) method. "Hasty and inappropriate planning" and "lack of policy support at the grassroots level", two new barriers that are not reported in the literature, are found to be the most influential barriers. Policy implications are discussed based on the study findings to inform the policy deliberations on the implementation of compulsory waste sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Zhang
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Shenghao Xie
- Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yu Gong
- Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Changjun Li
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chowdhury SD, Hasim Suhaib K, Bhunia P, Surampalli RY. A Critical Review on the Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes as a Strategy in Circular Bioeconomy: Mechanism, Performance, and Future Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-38. [PMID: 37192135 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo meet the current need for sustainable development, vermicomposting (VC), a natural, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technology, can be a wise selection for the bioconversion of organic wastes into value-added by-products. However, no one has tried to establish the VC technology as an economically sustainable technology by exploring its linkage to circular bioeconomy. Even, no researcher has made any effort to explore the usability of the earthworms (EWs) as a protein supplement while assessing the economic perspectives of VC technology. Very few studies are available on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission potential of VC technology. Still, the contribution of VC technology towards the non-carbon waste management policy is not yet explored. In the current review, a genuine effort has been made to inspect the contribution of VC technology towards the circular bioeconomy, along with evaluating its capability to bioremediate the organic wastes generated from domestic, industrial, and agricultural premises. The potential of the EWs as a protein source has also been explored to strengthen the contribution of VC technology towards the circular bioeconomy. Moreover, the linkage of the VC technology to the non-carbon waste management policy has been comprehensively demonstrated by highlighting its carbon sequestration and GHG emission potentials during the treatment of organic wastes. It has been observed that the cost of food production was reduced by 60--70% by replacing chemical fertilizers with vermicompost. The implication of the vermicompost significantly lessened the harvesting period of the crops, thereby helping the farmers attain higher profits by cultivating more crops in a single calendar year on the same plot. Furthermore, the vermicompost could hold the soil moisture for a long time, lessening the water demand up to 30-40%, which, in turn, reduced the frequency of irrigation. Also, the replacement of the chemical fertilizers with vermicompost resulted in a 23% increment in the grapes' yield, engendering an extra profit of up to 110000 rupees/ha. In Nepal, vermicompost has been produced at a cost of 15.68 rupees/kg, whereas it has been sold to the local market at a rate of 25 rupees/kg as organic manure, ensuring a net profit of 9.32 rupees/kg of vermicompost. EWs embraced 63% crude protein, 5-21% carbohydrates, 6-11% fat, 1476 kJ/100 g of metabolizable energy, and a wide range of minerals and vitamins. EWs also contained 4.11, 2.04, 4.43, 2.83, 1.47, and 6.26 g/kg (on protein basis) of leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, and phenylalanine, respectively, enhancing the acceptability of the EW meal (EWM) as the protein supplement. The inclusion of 3 and 5% EWM in the diet of broiler pullets resulted in a 12.6 and 22.5% increase in their feed conversion ratio (FCR), respectively after one month. Similarly, when a 100% fish meal was substituted by 50% EWM and 50% fish meal, the FCR and growth rate of Parachanna obscura were increased substantially. The VC of maize crop residues mixed with pig manure, cow dung, and biochar, in the presence of Eisenia fetida EWs, yielded only 0.003-0.081, 0-0.17, and 130.40-189.10 g CO2-eq.kg-1 emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively. Similarly, the VC of tomato stems and cow dung ensured 2.28 and 5.76 g CO2-eq.kg-1 CO2 emissions of CH4 and N2O, respectively. Additionally, the application of vermicompost at a rate of 5 t/ha improved the soil organic carbon proportion and aggravated carbon sequestration. The land application of vermicompost improved micro-aggregation and cut down the tillage, reducing GHG emissions and triggering carbon sequestration. The significant findings of the current review suggest that VC technology potentially contributes to the concept of circular bioeconomy, substantially negotiates potential GHG emissions, and complies with the non-carbon waste management policy, reinforcing its acceptability as an economically sound and environmentally benevolent organic waste bioremediation alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Dey Chowdhury
- Research Scholar, Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India, ,
| | - K Hasim Suhaib
- Research Scholar, Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India, ,
| | - Puspendu Bhunia
- Research Scholar, Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India, ,
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- CEO and President, Global Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, P.O. Box 14354 Lenexa, Kansas 66285, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Velis CA, Wilson DC, Gavish Y, Grimes SM, Whiteman A. Socio-economic development drives solid waste management performance in cities: A global analysis using machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:161913. [PMID: 36781141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mismanaged municipal solid waste (MSW), the major source of plastics pollution and a key contributor to climate forcing, in Global South cities poses public health and environmental problems. This study analyses the first consistent and quality assured dataset available for cities distributed worldwide, featuring a comprehensive set of solid waste management performance indicators (Wasteaware Cities Benchmark Indicators - WABI). Machine learning (multivariate random forest) and univariate non-linear regression are applied, identifying best-fit converging models for a broad range of explanatory socioeconomic variables. These proxies describe in a variety of ways generic levels of progress, such as Gross Domestic Product - Purchasing Power per capita, Social Progress Index (SPI) and Corruption Perceptions Index. Specifically, the research tests and quantitatively confirms a long-standing, yet unverified, hypothesis: that variability in cities' performance on MSW can be accounted for by socioeconomic development indices. The results provide a baseline for measuring progress as cities report MSW performance for the sustainable development goal SDG11.6.1 indicator: median rates of controlled recovery and disposal are approximately at 45 % for cities in low-income countries, 75 % in lower-middle, and 100 % for both upper-middle and high-income. Casting light on aspects beyond the SDG metric, on the quality of MSW-related services, show that improvements in service quality often lag improvements in service coverage. Overall, the findings suggest that progress in collection coverage, and controlled recovery and disposal has already taken place in low- and middle-income cities. However, if cities aspire to perform better on MSW management than would have been anticipated by the average socioeconomic development in their country, they should identify ways to overcome systemic underlying failures associated with that socioeconomic level. Most alarmingly, 'business as usual' development would substantially increase their waste generation per capita unless new policies are found to promote decoupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Velis
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - David C Wilson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yoni Gavish
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sue M Grimes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Whiteman
- Resources and Waste Advisory Group Ltd., Wren House, AL1 1NG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen F, Gu X, Yu H, Zhang X, Wang Y. The temporal and spatial characteristics and influencing factors of CO 2 emissions from municipal solid waste in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59540-59553. [PMID: 37009979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) and a quantitative evaluation of the contribution rate of the factors influencing the changes in CO2 emissions are important for pollution and emission reduction and the realization of the "double carbon" goal. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of waste generation and treatment based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces over the past 15 years and then applied the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to study the driving factors of CO2 emissions from MSW. China's MSW production and CO2 emissions displayed a rising trend, and the overall CO2 emissions showed a geographical pattern of being high in the east and low in the west. Carbon emission intensity, economic output, urbanization level, and population size were positive factors that increased CO2 emissions. The most important factors driving CO2 emissions were carbon emission intensity and economic output, with cumulative contribution rates of 55.29% and 47.91%, respectively. Solid waste emission intensity was a negative factor in reducing CO2 emissions, with a cumulative contribution rate of -24.52%. These results have important implications for the design of policies to reduce CO2 emissions from MSW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Haimiao Yu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alawa B, Chakma S. Investigation in PO blending and compression ratio on engine performance and gas emissions including environmental health risk assessment and economic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64006-64024. [PMID: 37060406 PMCID: PMC10105155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste management and mitigation is the primary necessity across the globe. The daily use of plastic materials in different forms emergence the plastic pollutions, and it has been significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, mitigation of waste plastics generation is one of the major challenges in the present situation. The present study addressed the conversion of waste plastics into value-added products such as liquid hydrocarbon fuels and their application in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A comprehensive investigation has been performed on engine performance and combustion characteristics at various compression ratios and PO blending. The effect of liquid fuel blending with commercial diesel was investigated at three different compression ratios (15.1, 16.2, and 16.7) under various BMEP conditions. The results revealed that blending of liquid fuel produced from waste plastic can improve the BTE significantly, and the highest 35.77% of BTE was observed for 10% blending at 15.1 CR. While the lowest BSFC of 5.77 × 10-5 kg/kW-s was estimated for 20% PO blending at 16.7 CR under optimum BMEP (4.0 bar) conditions. The investigation of combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure, net heat release rate, rate of pressure rise, and cumulative heat release showed that it increases with the compression ratio from 15.1 to 16.7. At the same time, the emissions of CO, CO2, and unburnt hydrocarbon was decreased significantly. The economic analysis for the present lab-scale study estimated that approximately ₹12.17 ($0.15) profit per liter is possible in the 1st year, while the significant profit starts from the 2nd year onward, which is in the range of ₹59.78-₹84.48 ($0.75-$1.07) when the PO is blended with CD within the permissible limits as per the norms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bablu Alawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sankar Chakma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yao C, Liu G, Hao X, Liu Y. Symbiotic integration of waste disposal capability within a city cluster: The case of the Yangtze River Delta. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117166. [PMID: 36603257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the ongoing urbanization in developing regions, integrating regional waste disposal capability is challenging due to unbalanced economic development and rising environmental issues. This research proposed a multi-dimensional symbiotic integration of waste disposal capability. Applying data from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China, we first explore the waste flows and interactions between cities to identify the possibility of inter-municipal collaboration based on the augmented gravity model. We then employ social network analysis to categorize the cities in the collaborative network of waste disposal into subgroups by functionalities. Finally, we proposed the top-down framework of symbiotic networks for waste disposal. Our findings indicate that YRD cities can be classified into four types according to their waste density and disposal efficiency: High-High, Low-High, Low-Low, and High-Low. We also identify three types of inter-municipal collaborative relationships: between high-density and high-efficiency cities, between high-density cities, and between high-efficiency cities. The city subgroups can be categorized into "high-efficiency clusters," "high-density clusters," and "hub clusters," which pave the way for a shared or complementary urban symbiosis in the waste recycling industry. The division of roles among subgroups enables symbiotic activities within the city cluster. This paper extends the spatial scope of industrial symbiosis literature and has practical implications for transitioning to a circular economy in waste management of developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Yao
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092; China
| | - Guangfu Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092; China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092; China; Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077; China
| | - Yanran Liu
- Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092; China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vinti G, Bauza V, Clasen T, Tudor T, Zurbrügg C, Vaccari M. Health risks of solid waste management practices in rural Ghana: A semi-quantitative approach toward a solid waste safety plan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114728. [PMID: 36343708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate solid waste management (SWM) can lead to environmental contamination and human health risks. The health risks from poor SWM can vary based on specific practices and exposure pathways. Thus, it is necessary to adequately understand the local context. This information, however, is rarely available in low-resource settings, particularly in rural areas. A solid waste safety plan could be helpful in these settings for gathering necessary data to assess and minimize health risks. As a step in developing such a tool, a semi-quantitative health risk analysis of SWM practices in nine Ghanaian rural villages was undertaken. Data on SWM in each village were collected through qualitative field observations and semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. SWM-related health risks were assessed using the collected data, similar case studies in the scientific literature and dialogue among an assembled team of experts. The analysis identified context-specific practices and exposure pathways that may present the most substantial health risks as well as targeted solutions for mitigation risks. A risk assessment matrix was developed to quantify SWM risks as low, medium, high, or very high based on the likelihood and severity of identified hazards. The highest SWM risks were identified from dumpsites and uncontrolled burying of solid waste. More specifically, a very high or high risk of infectious and vector-borne diseases from SWM in the villages was identified, both in the disposal of solid waste in dumpsites and uncontrolled burying of solid waste. Additionally, a very high or high risk of inhalation, ingestion or dermal contact with contaminants was found in the disposal of solid waste in dumpsites, open burning of waste and reuse of waste from dumpsites as compost. The results demonstrate the potential value of a solid waste safety plan and a parsimonious approach to collect key local data to inform its contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vinti
- CeTAmb (Research Center for Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in Resource-limited Countries), University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Valerie Bauza
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Terry Tudor
- SusConnect Ltd. Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire, NN7 4PS, UK
| | - Christian Zurbrügg
- Department of Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- CeTAmb (Research Center for Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in Resource-limited Countries), University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu PI, Liou JL, Huang TK. Evaluation of Benefits and Health Co-Benefits of GHG Reduction for Taiwan's Industrial Sector under a Carbon Charge in 2023-2030. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15385. [PMID: 36430107 PMCID: PMC9690492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the monetary GHG reduction benefits and health co-benefits for the industrial sector under the imposition of a carbon charge in Taiwan. The evaluation proceeds from 2023-2030 for different rates of carbon charge for the GHGs by a model of "Taiwan Economic Input Output Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Value" constructed in this study. It is innovative in the literature to simulate the benefits of GHG reductions and health co-benefits of air pollutions for the industrial sector under the imposition of a carbon charge comprehensively. The results consistently show benefits whether the charge is imposed on the scope 1 and scope 2 GHG emissions or on the scope 1 emissions only. The health co-benefits are on average about 5 times those of GHG reductions benefits in 2023-2030. The average total benefits with the summation of GHG reduction benefits and health co-benefits are 821.9 million US dollars and 975.1 US million US dollars per year, respectively. However, both the GHG reduction benefits and health co-benefits are consistently increasing at a decreasing rate in 2023-2030. The increased multiple for the rate of the carbon charge is higher than the increased multiple of the total benefits and this result shows that the increase of the carbon charge becomes less effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ing Wu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Je-Liang Liou
- The Center for Green Economy, Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taipei 106220, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Ken Huang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Soni A, Das PK, Yusuf M, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S. Development of sand-plastic composites as floor tiles using silica sand and recycled thermoplastics: a sustainable approach for cleaner production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18921. [PMID: 36344577 PMCID: PMC9640566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict environmental concerns, depleting natural recourses, and rising demand for building construction materials have promoted scientific research toward alternative building materials. This research supports the idea of sustainability and a circular economy via the utilization of waste to produce value-added products. The research explored the potential of waste plastics and silica sand for developing thermoplastic composite as floor tiles. The samples were characterized by water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and sliding wear. The morphological analysis of the sand-plastic interfaces was covered under the umbrella of this study. The maximum compressive and flexural strength were found to be 46.20 N/mm2 and 6.24 N/mm2, respectively, with the minimum water absorption and sliding wear rate of 0.039% and 0.143 × 10-8 kg/m, respectively. The study suggests the workability of the developed floor tiles in non-traffic areas of public places. Thus, the study provides a green building material through recycling waste plastics for sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Soni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lian T, Zhang W, Cao Q, Wang S, Dong H, Yin F. Improving production of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids from dairy cattle manure and corn straw silage: Effects of mixing ratios and temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127449. [PMID: 35697263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-fermentation (AcoF) of dairy cattle manure (DCM) and corn straw silage (CSS) for producing lactic acid (LA) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted at seven different DCM/CSS ratios and at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Results indicated that the highest concentration of LA was 17.50 ± 0.70 g/L at DCM:CSS ratio of 1:3 and thermophilic temperature, while VFAs was 18.23 ± 2.45 g/L at mono-CSS fermentation and mesophilic temperature. High solubilization of thermophilic conditions contributed to LA accumulation in AcoF process. Presence of the CSS increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus for LA production at thermophilic. Meanwhile, the abundance of Bifidobacterium was increased when CSS was added at mesophilic, which could conduce to VFAs production. This study provides a new route for enhancing the biotransformation of DCM and CSS into short-chain fatty acids, potentially bringing economic benefits to agricultural waste treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Lian
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qitao Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fubin Yin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Münch C, Benz LA, Hartmann E. Exploring the circular economy paradigm: A natural resource-based view on supplier selection criteria. JOURNAL OF PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pursup.2022.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
35
|
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of NiO Nanoparticles under Visible Light Illumination. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.13680.340-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this present study, Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using the hydrothermal method and characterized using powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-vis and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. The result of the characterization indicates that the synthesized sample has a pure cubic phase of NiO with roughly spherical shape morphologies and respective estimated crystallinity and microstrain values of about 78% and 5.1. Test of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized sample towards the model contaminant dye methylene blue (MB) shows a degradation efficiency of 46% in a period of 2 h under nature sunlight irradiation at natural pH and that the reaction could satisfactorily describe both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. So, this synthesis method may potentially be used for the effective elimination of toxic organic pollutants from water and wastewater over prolonged exposure under natural sunlight without adding any oxidant or adjusting the pH of the reaction medium. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Collapse
|
36
|
Tesseme AT, Vinti G, Vaccari M. Pollution potential of dumping sites on surface water quality in Ethiopia using leachate and comprehensive pollution indices. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:545. [PMID: 35773526 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste disposed of in illegal dumpsites pollutes the surface and groundwater. However, accurately determining these pollution levels is typically challenging for practitioners and decision-makers in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to use the leachate pollution index (LPI) to assess the contamination potential of uncontrolled dumping sites along the course of the Kulfo River in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The comprehensive pollution index (CPI) approach was also utilized to assess the suitability of Kulfo River water quality for aquatic species. Leachate samples were collected from four uncontrolled dumping sites along the Kulfo River's course and analyzed for fifteen leachate characteristics necessary to quantify the LPI sub-indices. Water samples were taken from three monitoring stations along the river and examined for aquatic species suitability. When the leachate parameters were compared to the Indian limit for discharge of treated leachate, it was found that dumping sites posed a considerable risk of pollution to adjacent water resources. The overall LPI ranged from 23.34 to 27.35, which is higher than the discharge standard LPI of 5.69, indicating that dumping sites can threaten the surrounding water resources and human health. Based on the rating scale of CPI, at all monitoring stations, the river resulted severely polluted. Finally, appropriate strategies to reduce the pollution and the related mismanagement of solid waste were discussed. Combining LPI and CPI methods can represent a crucial tool for experts and decision-makers in developing countries to evaluate the pollution potential of dumping sites and water resource monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aragaw Tamru Tesseme
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Giovanni Vinti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bio-Based Materials Riding the Wave of Sustainability: Common Misconceptions, Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Solid waste disposal, particularly of plastic and rubber, significantly impacts the environment and human health; thus, encouraging consumers to u sustainable alternatives is essential to ensure a resilient future. In recent decades, bio-based material research has primarily focused on bioplastics and, accordingly, current knowledge of alternative sustainable materials (such as biorubber) is fragmented, with consumer misconceptions posing a key challenge. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of bio-based materials, in addition to common misconceptions about them. The findings of a public survey that aimed to assess consumers’ attitudes towards, as well as their awareness and perceptions of, conventional and sustainable alternative materials, particularly oxo-biodegradable rubbers, are also reported in this paper. Despite their unfamiliarity with the terms ‘bio-based’ and ‘oxo-biodegradable’, most respondents had a positive view of bio-based products and expressed an interest in reducing their use of conventional products in favour of sustainable alternatives. The results also revealed that consumers are willing to spend more on sustainable alternatives because they are aware of the environmental issues associated with solid waste. This study provides new insights into knowledge gaps and challenges that must be addressed to promote the prudent use of sustainable materials in a fast-changing world.
Collapse
|