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Su X, Cheung CYY, Zhong J, Ru Y, Fong CHY, Lee CH, Liu Y, Cheung CKY, Lam KSL, Xu A, Cai Z. Ten metabolites-based algorithm predicts the future development of type 2 diabetes in Chinese. J Adv Res 2024; 64:131-142. [PMID: 38030128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous metabolic disease with large variations in the relative contributions of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction across different glucose tolerance subgroups and ethnicities. A more precise yet feasible approach to categorize risk preceding T2D onset is urgently needed. This study aimed to identify potential metabolic biomarkers that could contribute to the development of T2D and investigate whether their impact on T2D is mediated through insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. METHODS A non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed in plasma samples of 196 incident T2D cases and 196 age- and sex-matched non-T2D controls recruited from a long-term prospective Chinese community-based cohort with a follow-up period of ∼ 16 years. RESULTS Metabolic profiles revealed profound perturbation of metabolomes before T2D onset. Overall metabolic shifts were strongly associated with insulin resistance rather than β-cell dysfunction. In addition, 188 out of the 578 annotated metabolites were associated with insulin resistance. Bi-directional mediation analysis revealed putative causal relationships among the metabolites, insulin resistance and T2D risk. We built a machine-learning based prediction model, integrating the conventional clinical risk factors (age, BMI, TyG index and 2hG) and 10 metabolites (acetyl-tryptophan, kynurenine, γ-glutamyl-phenylalanine, DG(18:2/22:6), DG(38:7), LPI(18:2), LPC(P-16:0), LPC(P-18:1), LPC(P-20:0) and LPE(P-20:0)) (AUROC = 0.894, 5.6% improvement comparing to the conventional clinical risk model), that successfully predicts the development of T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the notion that the metabolic changes resulting from insulin resistance, rather than β-cell dysfunction, are the primary drivers of T2D in Chinese adults. Metabolomes as a valuable phenotype hold potential clinical utility in the prediction of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Y Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junda Zhong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol H Y Fong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia K Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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He Z, Xiong H, Liu L, Li Q, Wu K, Deng X, Yang L, Xiao Q, Deng X. Influence of Postoperative Insulin Resistance on Short-Term Outcomes of Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Microbiome and Metabolome-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-16125-8. [PMID: 39222298 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-16125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrectomy is one of the main treatment modalities for gastric cancer (GC) and induces pathophysiological changes that significantly affect patients' postoperative recovery. In this study, we investigated the relationships between altered insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and gut microbiota associated with gastrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a single-center prospective cohort investigation involving 60 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy between May 2023 and April 2024. Monitoring encompassed IR, inflammation, and nutrition-related markers via blood assays, while gut microbiota analysis employed high-throughput sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were examined through targeted metabolomics. The study is registered under the number ChiCTR2300075653. RESULTS The patients exhibited a significant increase in post-gastrectomy IR markers (P < 0.001), accompanied by elevated inflammation markers (P < 0.001), and also showed decreased nutrition-related indicators (P < 0.001). Notable alterations were observed in the gut microbiota, including reductions in Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, an increase in Streptococcus, and a noteworthy decrease in fecal butyrate. Patients with postoperative IR exhibited poorer inflammation markers (P < 0.05), nutritional indicators (P < 0.05), and postoperative recovery parameters (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant negative correlations were observed between IR and Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, as well as butyrate. CONCLUSIONS Patients with GC post-gastrectomy displayed heightened IR, exacerbated inflammation, and compromised nutritional status. Disturbed gut microbiota and reduced fecal butyrate were observed. Gut microbiota and metabolite butyrate production may be predictors of postoperative IR and short-term outcomes in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulin Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Heyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaorong Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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Park S, Kim EK. Machine Learning-Based Plasma Metabolomics in Liraglutide-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Metabolites 2024; 14:483. [PMID: 39330490 PMCID: PMC11434292 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Despite its benefits, including improved glycemic control and weight loss, the common metabolic changes induced by liraglutide and correlations between those in rodents and humans remain unknown. Here, we used advanced machine learning techniques to analyze the plasma metabolomic data in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and patients with T2DM treated with liraglutide. Among the machine learning models, Support Vector Machine was the most suitable for DIO mice, and Gradient Boosting was the most suitable for patients with T2DM. Through the cross-evaluation of machine learning models, we found that liraglutide promotes metabolic shifts and interspecies correlations in these shifts between DIO mice and patients with T2DM. Our comparative analysis helped identify metabolic correlations influenced by liraglutide between humans and rodents and may guide future therapeutic strategies for T2DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjae Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea;
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea;
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Wu H, Wang Q, Chen Y, Chen D. The association between circulating phenylalanine and the temporal risk of impaired insulin markers in gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 40:101090. [PMID: 38974841 PMCID: PMC11227027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to contrast plasma amino acid concentrations in pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) to those without, to analyze the link between plasma amino acid concentrations, GDM, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Methods The research employed a retrospective case-control study design at a single center. Basic demographic and laboratory data were procured from the hospital's case system. The study encompassed seventy women without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thirty-five women with GDM matched in a 1-to-2 ratio for age and pre-pregnancy BMI. Utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), peripheral fasting plasma amino acid concentrations in these women, during mid-pregnancy, were duly measured. We carefully evaluated the significant differences in the quantitative data between the two groups and developed linear regression models to assess the independent risk factors affecting insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Results Significant variations in insulin secretion and resistance levels distinguished GDM Group from the non-GDM group at three distinct time points, alongside relatively elevated serum Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Triglycerides (TG) were also significantly increased in those with GDM during adipocytokine observations. Apart from glutamic acid and glutamine, the concentrations of the remaining 16 amino acids were notably increased in GDM patients, including all branched chain amino acids(BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids(AAAs). Ultimately, it was ascertained that fasting serum phenylalanine levels were independent risk factors affecting insulin resistance index and insulin secretion at various phases. Conclusions Various fasting serum amino acid levels are markedly increased in patients with GDM, specifically phenylalanine, which may play role in insulin resistance and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Maternity Inpatient, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Department of Maternity Inpatient, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Department of Maternity Inpatient, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
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Wang G, Li X, Zhao J, Chen S, Qin Y, Guan L, Mu Y. Integrating myocardial metabolic imaging and stress myocardial contrast echocardiography to improve the diagnosis of coronary microvascular diseases in rabbits. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:5915-5931. [PMID: 39144025 PMCID: PMC11320533 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Persistent challenges associated with misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) necessitate the exploration of noninvasive imaging techniques to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we aimed to integrate multimodal imaging approaches to achieve a higher diagnostic rate for CMVD using high-quality myocardial metabolism imaging (MMI) and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). This combination diagnostic strategy may help address the urgent need for improved CMVD diagnosis. Methods In this study, we established five distinct pretreatment groups, each consisting of nine male rabbit: a fasted group, a nonfasted group, a sugar load group, an acipimox group, and a combination group of nonfasted rabbits administered insulin. Moreover, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan windows were established at 30-, 60-, and 90-minute intervals. We developed 10 CMVD models and conducted a diagnosis of CMVD through an integrated analysis of MMI and MCE, including image acquisition and processing. For each heart segment, we calculated the standardized uptake value (SUV) based on body weight (SUVbw), as well as certain ratios of SUV including SUV of the heart (SUVheart) to that of the liver (SUVliver) and SUVheart to SUV of the lung (SUVlung). Additionally, we obtained three coronary SUVbw uptake values. To clarify the relationship between SUVbw uptake values and echocardiographic parameters of the myocardial contrast agent more thoroughly, we conducted a comprehensive analysis across different pretreatment protocols. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each parameter in the context of CMVD. Results In the context of MMI, the nonfasted-plus-insulin group, as observed during the 60-minute examination, exhibited a noteworthy total 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake of 47.44±6.53 g/mL, which was found to be statistically different from the other groups. To ascertain the reliability of the results, two double-blind investigators independently assessed the data and achieved a good level of agreement, according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.957). The SUVbw of the nonfasted-plus-insulin group exhibited a moderate correlation with the microvascular blood flow reserve (MBFR) parameters derived from the MCE examination, as evidenced by a r value of 0.686. For the diagnosis of CMVD disease, the diagnostic accuracy of the combined diagnostic method [area under the curve (AUC) =0.789; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.705-0.873] was significantly higher than that of the MBFR (AUC =0.697; 95% CI: 0.597-0.797) and SUVbw (AUC =0.715; 95% CI: 0.622-0.807) methods (P<0.05). Conclusions Our study demonstrated the feasibility of a simple premedication approach involving free feeding and intravenous insulin in producing high-quality gated heart 18F-FDG PET/CT images in adult male New Zealand white rabbits. This technique holds considerable potential for ischemic heart disease research in rabbits and can enhance CMVD diagnosis via the comprehensive assessment of myocardial metabolism and perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Shangke Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongde Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
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Chen YJ, Ho HJ, Tseng CH, Chen YF, Wang ST, Shieh JJ, Wu CY. Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate imiquimod-induced skin thickening and IL-17 levels and alter gut microbiota in mice: a metagenomic association analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17495. [PMID: 39079980 PMCID: PMC11289318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been proposed to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve immune homeostasis. We aimed to examine the effects of SCFAs on skin phenotype, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota in mice with psoriasis-like inflammation. Imiquimod (IMQ)-treated C57BL/6 mice served as the study model. We conducted a metagenomic association study of IMQ-mice treated with SCFAs or anti-IL-17 antibody using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The associations among SCFA supplements, skin thickness, circulating inflammatory profiles, and fecal microbiota profiles were investigated. The microbiome study was performed using pipelines for phylogenetic analysis, functional gene analysis, and pathway analysis. In IMQ-treated mice, there were increases in skin thickness and splenic weight, as well as unique fecal microbial profiles. SCFAs ameliorated IMQ-induced skin thickening, splenic weight gain, and serum IL-17F levels, with results that were comparable with those receiving anti-IL-17 treatment. IMQ-treated mice receiving SCFAs had greater microbial diversity than mice treated with IMQ alone. SCFAs and anti-IL17 treatment were associated with alteration of gut microbiota, with increased prevalences of Oscillospiraceae and Lachnopiraceae and decreased prevalences of Muribaculaceae and Bacteroides, which have been predicted to be associated with increased glycan degradation, phenylalanine metabolism, and xylene degradation. SCFAs may mitigate IMQ-induced skin thickening and IL-17F levels and alter fecal microbiota profiles in IMQ-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu J Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Tseng
- Germark Biotechnology Ltd., No. 21, Keyuan Rd., Situn Dist., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Ting Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Gao T, Li R, Hu L, Hu Q, Wen H, Zhou R, Yuan P, Zhang X, Huang L, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Lin Y, Feng B, Che L, Wu D, Fang Z. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG improves insulin sensitivity and offspring survival via modulation of gut microbiota and serum metabolite in a sow model. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:89. [PMID: 38951898 PMCID: PMC11218078 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sows commonly experience insulin resistance in late gestation and lactation, causing lower feed intake and milk production, which can lead to higher mortality rates in newborn piglets. The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is known to improve insulin resistance. However, whether supplementing LGG can improve insulin sensitivity in sows and enhance lactation performance, particularly the early survival of offspring remains unclear. Hence, we explored the effects and mechanisms of supplementing LGG during late gestation and lactation on sow insulin sensitivity, lactation performance, and offspring survival. In total, 20 sows were randomly allocated to an LGG (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). RESULTS In sows, LGG supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity during late gestation and lactation, increased feed intake, milk production and colostrum lactose levels in early lactation, and enhanced newborn piglet survival. Moreover, LGG treatment significantly reshaped the gut microbiota in sows, notably increasing microbiota diversity and enriching the relative abundance of insulin sensitivity-associated probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Serum metabolite and amino acid profiling in late-gestation sows also revealed decreased branched-chain amino acid and kynurenine serum levels following LGG supplementation. Further analyses highlighted a correlation between mitigated insulin resistance in late pregnancy and lactation by LGG and gut microbiota reshaping and changes in serum amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, maternal LGG enhanced immunity in newborn piglets, reduced inflammation, and facilitated the establishment of a gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that LGG mitigates insulin resistance in sows and enhances offspring survival by modulating the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition Health (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya' an, 625014, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition Health (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya' an, 625014, China
| | - Quanfang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peiqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Han JF, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Tang L, Li SW, Zhong CB, Zhou XQ. Exploring the dietary strategies of phenylalanine: Improving muscle nutraceutical quality as well as muscle glycogen and protein deposition in adult grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Chem X 2024; 22:101421. [PMID: 38756468 PMCID: PMC11096706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle is the main edible part of bony fish. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of phenylalanine (Phe) on muscle quality, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, glucose metabolism, and protein deposition in adult grass carp. The diets at 2.30, 4.63, 7.51, 10.97, 13.53, and 17.07 g/kg Phe levels were fed for 9 weeks. The results manifested that Phe (10.97-13.53 g/kg) increased the pH of the fillets and decreased muscle cooking loss and lactic acid content; Phe (7.51-17.07 g/kg) improved the composition of the fillets in terms of flavor (free) amino acids, bound amino acids (especially EAA), and fatty acids (especially EPA and DHA); Phe (7.51-13.53 g/kg) increased muscle glycogen content (possibly related to the AMPK signaling pathway) and muscle protein deposition (possibly related to IGF-1/4EBP1/TOR and AKT/FOXOs signaling pathways). In conclusion, a diet with appropriate Phe levels could improve fillet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Han
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
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Kumar KK, Aburawi EH, Ljubisavljevic M, Leow MKS, Feng X, Ansari SA, Emerald BS. Exploring histone deacetylases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic avenues. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:78. [PMID: 38862980 PMCID: PMC11167878 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that impairs metabolism, and its prevalence has reached an epidemic proportion globally. Most people affected are with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is caused by a decline in the numbers or functioning of pancreatic endocrine islet cells, specifically the β-cells that release insulin in sufficient quantity to overcome any insulin resistance of the metabolic tissues. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been implicated as the main contributors to the T2DM. Epigenetic modifiers, histone deacetylases (HDACs), are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones and play an important role in a variety of molecular processes, including pancreatic cell destiny, insulin release, insulin production, insulin signalling, and glucose metabolism. HDACs also govern other regulatory processes related to diabetes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, revealed by network and functional analysis. This review explains the current understanding of the function of HDACs in diabetic pathophysiology, the inhibitory role of various HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), and their functional importance as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets for T2DM. While their role in T2DM is still emerging, a better understanding of the role of HDACi may be relevant in improving insulin sensitivity, protecting β-cells and reducing T2DM-associated complications, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukkala Kiran Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elhadi Husein Aburawi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Dept of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Diniz TG, Severo de Assis C, de Sousa BRV, Batista KS, Silva AS, Wanderley de Queiroga Evangelista I, Monteiro Viturino MG, do Nascimento YM, da Silva EF, Tavares JF, Cavalcanti Alves Monteiro MG, Novaes Dos Santos Fechine CP, Lima E Silva A, Persuhn DC. Metabolomic analysis of retinopathy stages and amputation in type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:158-167. [PMID: 38777429 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and limb amputation are frequent complications of diabetes that cannot always be explained by blood glucose control. Metabolomics is a science that is currently being explored in the search for biomarkers or profiles that identify clinical conditions of interest. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze, using a metabolomic approach, peripheral blood samples from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) individuals, compared with those with diabetic retinopathy and limb amputation. METHODS The sample consisted of 128 participants, divided into groups: control, DM2 without DR (DM2), non-proliferative DR (DRNP), proliferative DR (DRP), and DM2 amputated (AMP). Metabolites from blood plasma were classified by spectra using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the metabolic routes of each group using metaboanalyst. RESULTS We identified that the metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan was discriminant for the DRP group. Histidine biosynthesis, on the other hand, was statistically associated with the AMP group. The results of this work consolidate metabolites such as glutamine and citrulline as discriminating for DRP, and the branched-chain amino acids as important for DR. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the relationship between the metabolism of ketone bodies, with acetoacetate metabolite being discriminating for the DRP group and histidine being a significant metabolite in the AMP group, when compared to the DM2 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Gomes Diniz
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Gonçalves Monteiro Viturino
- Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anauara Lima E Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
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11
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Kang R, Guo D, Wang J, Xie Z. Association of dietary nutrient intake with type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38090. [PMID: 38728475 PMCID: PMC11081547 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational research suggests that the evidence linking dietary nutrient intake (encompassing minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids) to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is both inconsistent and limited. This study aims to explore the potential causal relationship between dietary nutrients and T2D. Causal estimation utilized Mendelian randomization techniques. Single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to dietary nutrients were identified from existing genome-wide association studies and used as instrumental variables. Genome-wide association studies data pertinent to T2D were sourced from the DIMANTE consortium and the FinnGen database. Techniques including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, and Mendelian randomization-Egger were employed for causal inference, complemented by sensitivity analysis. Genetically predicted higher phenylalanine (IVW: odds ratio = 1.10 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.17, P = 1.5 × 10-3, q_pval = 3.4 × 10-2) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (IVW: odds ratio = 1.001 95% confidence interval 1.0006-1.003, P = 3.7 × 10-3, q_pval = 4.1 × 10-2) levels were directly associated with T2D risk. Conversely, no causal relationships between other nutrients and T2D were established. We hypothesize that phenylalanine and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid contribute to the pathogenesis of T2D. Clinically, the use of foods with high phenylalanine content may pose potential risks for patients with a heightened risk of T2D. Our study provides evidence supporting a causal link between dietary nutrient intake and the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Kang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhencong Xie
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Li J, Guo X, Huang Y, Ren Y, Liang H, Xie X, Zhang M. Exploring the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription in the treatment of early diabetic retinal edema from the perspective of inner blood-retinal barrier injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117658. [PMID: 38160865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, diabetes belongs to the category of "emaciation-thirst disease" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Bushen Huoxue Prescription (BHP) is composed of traditional Chinese materia medica, which has therapeutic effects on DR and early diabetic retinal edema (EDRE). However, the therapeutic mechanism is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Exploring the mechanism of BHP against EDRE. METHODS Feeding Sprague Dawley (SD) rats a high-fat, high-sugar diet as well as providing intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) to promote inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) damage that can trigger EDRE, evaluating the therapeutic effect of BHP by the level of expressiveness of TJ proteins (ZO-1,Occludin) of the iBRB and the leakage of rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) in the retina. The combination of network pharmacology and metabolomics was employed to study the mechanism of BHP in preventing of EDRE, then four proteins which were closely to the damage of iBRB were chosen for the validation by employing Western Blot (WB). RESULTS Research of network pharmacology had shown that BHP had efficacy against EDRE by regulating targets such as AKT1, ALB, TNF, PPARG, etc, its potential pathways mainly involving signaling pathways such as HIF-1. In untargeted metabolomics analysis of serum, 15 differential metabolites were identified, with the metabolic pathways focusing on ketone body metabolism and synthesis, sphingolipid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. The conclusions of metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed that BHP can treat EDRE by alleviating hypoxia and oxidative stress and exerting protection of the iBRB. Finally, BHP's protection behavior of the iBRB was validated by WB experiments. CONCLUSION Through integrating pharmacodynamics, network pharmacology and metabolomics, BHP was discovered to have a crucial function in EDRE therapy by preserving the integrity of iBRB. This comprehensive strategy also provided a reasonable way to reveal the multi-components, multi-targets, multi-pathways mechanism of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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13
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Qin Y, Chen J, Qian D, Li Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. Excessive Tryptophan and Phenylalanine Induced Pancreatic Injury and Glycometabolism Disorder in Grower-finisher Pigs. J Nutr 2024; 154:1333-1346. [PMID: 38582698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in circulating insulin levels is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the levels of branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are altered in T2D, but whether AAAs play a role in insulin secretion and signaling remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of different AAAs on pancreatic function and on the use of insulin in finishing pigs. METHODS A total of 18 healthy finishing pigs (Large White) with average body weight of 100 ± 1.15 kg were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: Con, a normal diet supplemented with 0.68% alanine; Phe, a normal diet supplemented with 1.26% phenylalanine; and Trp, a normal diet supplemented with 0.78% tryptophan. The 3 diets were isonitrogenous. There were 6 replicates in each group. RESULTS Herein, we investigated the effects of tryptophan and phenylalanine on pancreatic function and the use of insulin in finishing pigs and found that the addition of tryptophan and phenylalanine aggravated pancreatic fat deposition, increased the relative content of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0), and the resulting lipid toxicity disrupted pancreatic secretory function. We also found that tryptophan and phenylalanine inhibited the growth and secretion of β-cells, downregulated the gene expression of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the pancreas and liver, and reduced glucose utilization in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Using fattening pigs as a model, multiorgan combined analysis of the insulin-secreting organ pancreas and the main insulin-acting organ liver, excessive intake of tryptophan and phenylalanine will aggravate pancreatic damage leading to glucose metabolism disorders, providing new evidence for the occurrence and development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dali Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Licong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingquan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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14
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Yang S, Cao J, Sun C, Yuan L. The Regulation Role of the Gut-Islets Axis in Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1415-1423. [PMID: 38533266 PMCID: PMC10964787 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s455026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-islets axis is an important endocrine signaling axis that regulates the function of islets by modulating the gut micro-environment and its endocrine metabolism. The discovery of intestinal hormones, such as GLP-1 and GIP, has established a preliminary link between the gut and the islet, paving the way for the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists based on the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis for diabetes treatment. This discovery has created a new paradigm for diabetes management and rapidly made the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis a focal point of research attention. Recent years, with in-depth study on gut microbiota and the discovery of intestinal-derived extracellular vesicles, the concept of gut endocrine and the regulation theory of the gut-islets axis have been further expanded and updated, offering tremendous research opportunities. The gut-islets axis refers to the complex interplay between the gut and the islet, which plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis and maintaining metabolic health. The axis involves various components, including gut microbiota, intestinal hormones, amino acids and ACE2, which contribute to the communication and coordination between the gut and the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medical, Wuhan ASIA GENERAL Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Xing X, Sun Q, Wang R, Wang Y, Wang R. Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling. Life Sci 2024; 341:122471. [PMID: 38301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Disruption of the insulin signaling pathway leads to insulin resistance (IR). IR is characterized by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with metabolic indicators and may potentially predict the onset of metabolic diseases. Glutamate receptor antagonists have significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise is a well-known strategy to combat IR. The aims of our narrative review are to summarize preclinical and clinical findings to show the correlations between circulating glutamate levels, IR and metabolic diseases, discuss the causal role of excessive glutamate in IR and metabolic disturbance, and present an overview of the exercise-induced alteration in circulating glutamate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify studies on glutamate, insulin signaling, and exercise in the PubMed database. The search covered articles published from December 1955 to January 2024, using the search terms of "glutamate", "glutamic acid", "insulin signaling", "insulin resistance", "insulin sensitivity", "exercise", and "physical activity". KEY FINDINGS Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with IR. Excessive glutamate can potentially hinder the insulin signaling pathway through various mechanisms, including the activation of ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutamate can also modify mitochondrial function through Ca2+ and induce purine degradation mediated by AMP deaminase 2. Exercise has the potential to decrease circulating levels of glutamate, which can be attributed to accelerated glutamate catabolism and enhanced glutamate uptake. SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate may act as a mediator in the exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xing
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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16
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Gao W, Gao S, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Li T, Gao C, Zhou Y, Bian B, Wang H, Wei X, Sato T, Si N, Zhao W, Zhao H. Altered metabolic profiles and targets relevant to the protective effect of acteoside on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice based on metabolomics and network pharmacology studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117073. [PMID: 37619856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) was a major cause of end-stage renal failure and a common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Acteoside (ACT) was the main ingredient extracted from the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa, which had the functions of entering the lung, moisturizing the skin and relieving itching, nourishing yin and tonifying the kidney, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding. ACT had attracted worldwide interest because of its therapeutic effects on DM and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the metabolic profiles and targets of ACT in db/db mice based on metabolomics and network pharmacology studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Db/db mice were used to observe the biochemical indices and histopathological changes in the kidney to evaluate the pharmacological effects of ACT on DN. Untargeted metabolomics studies were performed to investigate by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS on urine, serum, and kidney samples. The key targets and pathways were analyzed by network pharmacology. For the pathways enriched by untargeted metabolomics, targeted metabolomics by UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS was performed in kidney samples for validation. Sensitive biomarkers in kidney samples were evaluated. The effect of ACT on the improvement of DN from the perspective of metabolism of small molecules in vivo was described. RESULTS ACT could delay the progression of DN and improve the degree of histopathological damage to the kidney. The pathways were focused on amino acid metabolism by untargeted metabolomics. Through network pharmacology analysis, the effect pathways were related to signal transduction, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid metabolism and mainly affected the endocrine and immune systems. Amino acid metabolism was disturbed in the kidney of db/db mice, which could be callback by ACT, such as tryptophan, glutamine, cysteine, leucine, threonine, proline, phenylalanine, histidine, serine, arginine, asparagine by targeted metabolomics. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study provided strong support for ACT on DN treatment in clinics. Meanwhile, the Rehmannia glutinosa was used fully to raise the income level of farmers economically, while achieving the social benefit of empowering rural revitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100022, China.
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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17
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Liu Y, Liu JE, He H, Qin M, Lei H, Meng J, Liu C, Chen X, Luo W, Zhong S. Characterizing the metabolic divide: distinctive metabolites differentiating CAD-T2DM from CAD patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38184583 PMCID: PMC10771670 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the metabolomic differences in plasma samples between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and those with concomitant CAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to pinpoint distinctive metabolites indicative of T2DM risk. METHOD Plasma samples from CAD and CAD-T2DM patients across three centers underwent comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to discern the relationship between the identified metabolites and T2DM risk. Characteristic metabolites' metabolic impacts were further probed through hepatocyte cellular experiments. Subsequent transcriptomic analyses elucidated the potential target sites explaining the metabolic actions of these metabolites. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed 192 and 95 significantly altered profiles in the discovery (FDR < 0.05) and validation (P < 0.05) cohorts, respectively, that were associated with T2DM risk in univariate logistic regression. Further multivariate regression analyses identified 22 characteristic metabolites consistently associated with T2DM risk in both cohorts. Notably, pipecolinic acid and L-pipecolic acid, lysine derivatives, exhibited negative association with CAD-T2DM and influenced cellular glucose metabolism in hepatocytes. Transcriptomic insights shed light on potential metabolic action sites of these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This research underscores the metabolic disparities between CAD and CAD-T2DM patients, spotlighting the protective attributes of pipecolinic acid and L-pipecolic acid. The comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic findings provide novel insights into the mechanism research, prophylaxis and treatment of comorbidity of CAD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju-E Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huafeng He
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Qin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxiu Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shilong Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Ndlovu IS, Tshilwane SI, Ngcamphalala PI, Vosloo A, Chaisi M, Mukaratirwa S. Metabolomics (Non-Targeted) of Induced Type 2 Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats Comorbid with a Tissue-Dwelling Nematode Parasite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17211. [PMID: 38139040 PMCID: PMC10743009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a non-communicable metabolic syndrome that is characterized by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance. Both animal and human studies have been conducted, demonstrating that helminth infections are associated with a decreased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a paucity of information on the impact that helminths have on the metabolome of the host and how the infection ameliorates T2DM or its progression. Therefore, this study aimed at using a non-targeted metabolomics approach to systematically identify differentiating metabolites from serum samples of T2DM-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats infected with a tissue-dwelling nematode, Trichinella zimbabwensis, and determine the metabolic pathways impacted during comorbidity. Forty-five male SD rats with a body weight between 160 g and 180 g were used, and these were randomly selected into control (non-diabetic and not infected with T. zimbabwensis) (n = 15) and T2DM rats infected with T. zimbabwensis (TzDM) (n = 30). The results showed metabolic separation between the two groups, where d-mannitol, d-fructose, and glucose were upregulated in the TzDM group, when compared to the control group. L-tyrosine, glycine, diglycerol, L-lysine, and L-hydroxyproline were downregulated in the TzDM group when compared to the control group. Metabolic pathways which were highly impacted in the TzDM group include biotin metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and lactose degradation. We conclude from our study that infecting T2DM rats with a tissue-dwelling nematode, T. zimbabwensis, causes a shift in the metabolome, causing changes in different metabolic pathways. Additionally, the infection showed the potential to regulate or improve diabetes complications by causing a decrease in the amino acid concentration that results in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Siyanda Ndlovu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Philile Ignecious Ngcamphalala
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Andre’ Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Mamohale Chaisi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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20
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Gentry R, Greene T, Clewell HJ, Rodricks JV. Critical considerations in the review of the toxicological evidence regarding the potential carcinogenicity of aspartame. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114105. [PMID: 37852352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Greene
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
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21
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Mehlig K, Foraita R, Nagrani R, Wright MN, De Henauw S, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Lissner L, Kaprio J, Pigeot I. Genetic associations vary across the spectrum of fasting serum insulin: results from the European IDEFICS/I.Family children's cohort. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1914-1924. [PMID: 37420130 PMCID: PMC10473990 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is increasing evidence for the existence of shared genetic predictors of metabolic traits and neurodegenerative disease. We previously observed a U-shaped association between fasting insulin in middle-aged women and dementia up to 34 years later. In the present study, we performed genome-wide association (GWA) analyses for fasting serum insulin in European children with a focus on variants associated with the tails of the insulin distribution. METHODS Genotyping was successful in 2825 children aged 2-14 years at the time of insulin measurement. Because insulin levels vary during childhood, GWA analyses were based on age- and sex-specific z scores. Five percentile ranks of z-insulin were selected and modelled using logistic regression, i.e. the 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 85th percentile ranks (P15-P85). Additive genetic models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, survey year, survey country and principal components derived from genetic data to account for ethnic heterogeneity. Quantile regression was used to determine whether associations with variants identified by GWA analyses differed across quantiles of log-insulin. RESULTS A variant in the SLC28A1 gene (rs2122859) was associated with the 85th percentile rank of the insulin z score (P85, p value=3×10-8). Two variants associated with low z-insulin (P15, p value <5×10-6) were located on the RBFOX1 and SH3RF3 genes. These genes have previously been associated with both metabolic traits and dementia phenotypes. While variants associated with P50 showed stable associations across the insulin spectrum, we found that associations with variants identified through GWA analyses of P15 and P85 varied across quantiles of log-insulin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The above results support the notion of a shared genetic architecture for dementia and metabolic traits. Our approach identified genetic variants that were associated with the tails of the insulin spectrum only. Because traditional heritability estimates assume that genetic effects are constant throughout the phenotype distribution, the new findings may have implications for understanding the discrepancy in heritability estimates from GWA and family studies and for the study of U-shaped biomarker-disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marvin N Wright
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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22
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Ding Y, Wang S, Lu J. Unlocking the Potential: Amino Acids' Role in Predicting and Exploring Therapeutic Avenues for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2023; 13:1017. [PMID: 37755297 PMCID: PMC10535527 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), imposes a significant global burden with adverse clinical outcomes and escalating healthcare expenditures. Early identification of biomarkers can facilitate better screening, earlier diagnosis, and the prevention of diabetes. However, current clinical predictors often fail to detect abnormalities during the prediabetic state. Emerging studies have identified specific amino acids as potential biomarkers for predicting the onset and progression of diabetes. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms can offer valuable insights into disease prevention and therapeutic interventions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of evidence supporting the use of amino acids and metabolites as clinical biomarkers for insulin resistance and diabetes. We discuss promising combinations of amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, glycine, asparagine and aspartate, in the prediction of T2DM. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms involving various signaling pathways and the metabolism underlying the role of amino acids in disease development. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting predictive amino acids for preventive and therapeutic interventions, aiming to inspire further clinical investigations and mitigate the progression of T2DM, particularly in the prediabetic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Ding
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.D.); (S.W.)
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.D.); (S.W.)
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.D.); (S.W.)
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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23
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Elangeeb ME, Elfaki I, Elkhalifa MA, Adam KM, Alameen AO, Elfadl AK, Albalawi IA, Almasoudi KS, Almotairi R, Alsaedi BSO, Alhelali MH, Mir MM, Amle D, Mir R. In Silico Investigation of AKT2 Gene and Protein Abnormalities Reveals Potential Association with Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7449-7475. [PMID: 37754255 PMCID: PMC10528407 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops from insulin resistance (IR) and the dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. The AKT2 protein is very important for the protein signaling pathway, and the non-synonymous SNP (nsSNPs) in AKT2 gene may be associated with T2D. nsSNPs can result in alterations in protein stability, enzymatic activity, or binding specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nsSNPs on the AKT2 protein structure and function that may result in the induction of IR and T2D. The study identified 20 variants that were considered to be the most deleterious based on a range of analytical tools included (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Mut-pred, SNAP2, PANTHER, PhD-SNP, SNP&Go, MUpro, Cosurf, and I-Mut). Two mutations, p.A179T and p.L183Q, were selected for further investigation based on their location within the protein as determined by PyMol. The results indicated that mutations, p.A179T and p.L183Q alter the protein stability and functional characteristics, which could potentially affect its function. In order to conduct a more in-depth analysis of these effects, a molecular dynamics simulation was performed for wildtype AKT2 and the two mutants (p.A179T and p.L183Q). The simulation evaluated various parameters, including temperature, pressure, density, RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and Region, over a period of 100 ps. According to the simulation results, the wildtype AKT2 protein demonstrated higher stability in comparison to the mutant variants. The mutations p.A179T and p.L183Q were found to cause a reduction in both protein stability and functionality. These findings underscore the significance of the effects of nsSNPs (mutations p.A179T and p.L183Q) on the structure and function of AKT2 that may lead to IR and T2D. Nevertheless, they require further verifications in future protein functional, protein-protein interaction, and large-scale case-control studies. When verified, these results will help in the identification and stratification of individuals who are at risk of IR and T2D for the purpose of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Elangeeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M. A. Elkhalifa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M. Adam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - A. O. Alameen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahssa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Kamaleldin Elfadl
- Veterinary Research Section, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | | | - Kholoud S. Almasoudi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Reema Almotairi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Basim S. O. Alsaedi
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.O.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Marwan H. Alhelali
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.O.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dnyanesh Amle
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur 441108, India;
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (R.A.)
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24
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Jones SK, McCarthy DM, Stanwood GD, Schatschneider C, Bhide PG. Learning and memory deficits produced by aspartame are heritable via the paternal lineage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14326. [PMID: 37652922 PMCID: PMC10471780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures produce heritable traits that can linger in the population for one or two generations. Millions of individuals consume substances such as artificial sweeteners daily that are declared safe by regulatory agencies without evaluation of their potential heritable effects. We show that consumption of aspartame, an FDA-approved artificial sweetener, daily for up to 16-weeks at doses equivalent to only 7-15% of the FDA recommended maximum daily intake value (equivalent to 2-4 small, 8 oz diet soda drinks per day) produces significant spatial learning and memory deficits in mice. Moreover, the cognitive deficits are transmitted to male and female descendants along the paternal lineage suggesting that aspartame's adverse cognitive effects are heritable, and that they are more pervasive than current estimates, which consider effects in the directly exposed individuals only. Traditionally, deleterious environmental exposures of pregnant and nursing women are viewed as risk factors for the health of future generations. Environmental exposures of men are not considered to pose similar risks. Our findings suggest that environmental exposures of men can produce adverse impact on cognitive function in future generations and demonstrate the need for considering heritable effects via the paternal lineage as part of the regulatory evaluations of artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Jones
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Deirdre M McCarthy
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Christopher Schatschneider
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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25
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Li L, Li L, Shao Y, Du R, Li L, Shi X, Bai Y. Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV in trophoblast cells under insulin resistance: functional and metabolomic analyses. Mol Med 2023; 29:82. [PMID: 37386367 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is an important determinant of glucose metabolic disturbance and placental dysplasia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) improves insulin IR induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The current study sought to elucidate the role and potential mechanism of CAMK4 in GDM. METHODS A GDM model was established in female C57BL/6J mice via HFD feeding for one week before mating and throughout gestation. The IR was elicited by 10-6 M insulin treatment for 48 h in HTR-8/SVneo cells and mouse primary trophoblast cells. The function of CAMK4 was investigated by transfection of overexpression plasmid in HTR-8/SVneo cells and infection of lentivirus loaded with CAMK4 encoding sequence in primary trophoblast cells. Real-time PCR, western blot, cell counting kit-8, transwell, wound healing, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics were performed to confirm the effects of CAMK4 on trophoblast cells. RESULTS Decreased CAMK4 expression was found in the placenta of GDM mice. CAMK4 overexpression ameliorated IR-induced viability impairment, migratory and invasive capacity inhibition, autophagy blocking, insulin signaling inactivation and glucose uptake disorder in trophoblast cells. CAMK4 also transcriptionally activated orphan nuclear receptor NUR77, and the effects of CAMK4 were abrogated by silencing of NUR77. Metabolomics analysis revealed that CAMK4 overexpression caused alterations of amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which were important in GDM. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that CAMK4/NUR77 axis may provide novel potential targets in GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Liu P, Wu J, Yu X, Guo L, Zhao L, Ban T, Huang Y. Metabolomics and Network Analyses Reveal Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Signatures of Anthracycline-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:797. [PMID: 37375744 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline with over 30% incidence of liver injury in breast cancer patients, yet the mechanism of its hepatotoxicity remains unclear. To identify potential biomarkers for anthracycline-induced hepatotoxicity (AIH), we generated clinically-relevant mouse and rat models administered low-dose, long-term DOX. These models exhibited significant liver damage but no decline in cardiac function. Through untargeted metabolic profiling of the liver, we identified 27 differential metabolites in a mouse model and 28 in a rat model. We then constructed a metabolite-metabolite network for each animal model and computationally identified several potential metabolic markers, with particular emphasis on aromatic amino acids, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. We further performed targeted metabolomics analysis on DOX-treated 4T1 breast cancer mice for external validation. We found significant (p < 0.001) reductions in hepatic levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine (but not tryptophan) following DOX treatment, which were strongly correlated with serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) levels. In summary, the results of our study present compelling evidence supporting the use of phenylalanine and tyrosine as metabolic signatures of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Leal-Witt MJ, Rojas-Agurto E, Muñoz-González M, Peñaloza F, Arias C, Fuenzalida K, Bunout D, Cornejo V, Acevedo A. Risk of Developing Insulin Resistance in Adult Subjects with Phenylketonuria: Machine Learning Model Reveals an Association with Phenylalanine Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots. Metabolites 2023; 13:677. [PMID: 37367836 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism where high phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations cause irreversible intellectual disability that can be prevented by newborn screening and early treatment. Evidence suggests that PKU subjects not adherent to treatment could be at risk of insulin resistance (IR). We studied how Phe concentrations (PheCs) relate to IR using machine learning (ML) and derived potential biomarkers. In our cross-sectional study, we analyzed subjects with neonatal diagnoses of PKU, grouped as follows: 10 subjects who adhered to treatment (G1); 14 subjects who suspended treatment (G2); and 24 control subjects (G3). We analyzed plasma biochemical variables, as well as profiles of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried blood spots (DBSs). Higher PheCs and plasma insulin levels were observed in the G2 group compared to the other groups. Additionally, a positive correlation between the PheCs and homeostatic measurement assessments (HOMA-IRs) was found, as well as a negative correlation between the HOMA-Sensitivity (%) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) scores. An ML model was then trained to predict abnormal HOMA-IRs using the panel of metabolites measured from DBSs. Notably, ranking the features' importance placed PheCs as the second most important feature after BMI for predicting abnormal HOMA-IRs. Our results indicate that low adherence to PKU treatment could affect insulin signaling, decrease glucose utilization, and lead to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Leal-Witt
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Eugenia Rojas-Agurto
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Manuel Muñoz-González
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Felipe Peñaloza
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Carolina Arias
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Daniel Bunout
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Verónica Cornejo
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Alejandro Acevedo
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
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Almuraikhy S, Anwardeen N, Doudin A, Sellami M, Domling A, Agouni A, Al Thani AA, Elrayess MA. The Metabolic Switch of Physical Activity in Non-Obese Insulin Resistant Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097816. [PMID: 37175541 PMCID: PMC10178125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy non-obese insulin resistant (IR) individuals are at higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic signature of the increased risk was previously determined. Physical activity can lower the risk of insulin resistance, but the underlying metabolic pathways remain to be determined. In this study, the common and unique metabolic signatures of insulin sensitive (IS) and IR individuals in active and sedentary individuals were determined. Data from 305 young, aged 20-30, non-obese participants from Qatar biobank, were analyzed. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and physical activity questionnaires were utilized to classify participants into four groups: Active Insulin Sensitive (ISA, n = 30), Active Insulin Resistant (IRA, n = 20), Sedentary Insulin Sensitive (ISS, n = 21) and Sedentary Insulin Resistant (SIR, n = 23). Differences in the levels of 1000 metabolites between insulin sensitive and insulin resistant individuals in both active and sedentary groups were compared using orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear models. The study indicated significant differences in fatty acids between individuals with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance who engaged in physical activity, including monohydroxy, dicarboxylate, medium and long chain, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the sedentary group showed changes in carbohydrates, specifically glucose and pyruvate. Both groups exhibited alterations in 1-carboxyethylphenylalanine. The study revealed different metabolic signature in insulin resistant individuals depending on their physical activity status. Specifically, the active group showed changes in lipid metabolism, while the sedentary group showed alterations in glucose metabolism. These metabolic discrepancies demonstrate the beneficial impact of moderate physical activity on high risk insulin resistant healthy non-obese individuals by flipping their metabolic pathways from glucose based to fat based, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes. The results of this study carry significant implications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome in non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmma Doudin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Feng M, Yang K, Wang J, Li G, Zhang H. First Report of FARSA in the Regulation of Cell Cycle and Survival in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells via PI3K-AKT and FOXO1-RAG1 Axes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021608. [PMID: 36675119 PMCID: PMC9865697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated factors have been largely identified in the understanding of tumorigenesis and progression. However, aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) have so far been neglected in cancer research due to their canonical activities in protein translation and synthesis. FARSA, the alpha subunit of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is elevated across many cancer types, but its function in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains undetermined. Herein, we found the lowest levels of FARSA in patients with MCL compared with other subtypes of lymphomas, and the same lower levels of FARSA were observed in chemoresistant MCL cell lines. Unexpectedly, despite the essential catalytic roles of FARSA, knockdown of FARSA in MCL cells did not lead to cell death but resulted in accelerated cell proliferation and cell cycle, whereas overexpression of FARSA induced remarkable cell-cycle arrest and overwhelming apoptosis. Further RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and validation experiments confirmed a strong connection between FARSA and cell cycle in MCL cells. Importantly, FARSA leads to the alteration of cell cycle and survival via both PI3K-AKT and FOXO1-RAG1 axes, highlighting a FARSA-mediated regulatory network in MCL cells. Our findings, for the first time, reveal the noncanonical roles of FARSA in MCL cells, and provide novel insights into understanding the pathogenesis and progression of B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-7796-3252
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Zhang N, Tian X, Yan T, Wang H, Zhang D, Lin C, Liu Q, Jiang S. Insights into the role of nucleotide methylation in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148722. [PMID: 37020540 PMCID: PMC10067741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver. In recent years, the MAFLD incidence rate has risen and emerged as a serious public health concern. MAFLD typically progresses from the initial hepatocyte steatosis to steatohepatitis and then gradually advances to liver fibrosis, which may ultimately lead to cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. However, the potential evolutionary mechanisms still need to be clarified. Recent studies have shown that nucleotide methylation, which was directly associated with MAFLD's inflammatory grading, lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of MAFLD. In this review, we highlight the regulatory function and associated mechanisms of nucleotide methylation modification in the progress of MAFLD, with a particular emphasis on its regulatory role in the inflammation of MAFLD, including the regulation of inflammation-related immune and metabolic microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize the potential value of nucleotide methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of MAFLD, intending to provide references for the future investigation of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dengtian Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbin Liu, ; Shulong Jiang,
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbin Liu, ; Shulong Jiang,
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