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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Cytokines in Synaptic Transmission? Neurology 2024; 103:e209928. [PMID: 39303183 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
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Nessel I, Whiley L, Dyall SC, Michael-Titus AT. A plasma lipid signature in acute human traumatic brain injury: Link with neuronal injury and inflammation markers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241276951. [PMID: 39188133 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241276951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to major membrane lipid breakdown. We investigated plasma lipids over 3 days post-TBI, to identify a signature of acute human TBI and assess its correlation with neuronal injury and inflammation. Plasma from patients with TBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)3 - serious injury, n = 5; AIS4 - severe injury, n = 8), and controls (n = 13) was analysed for lipidomic profile, neurofilament light (NFL) and cytokines, and the omega-3 index was measured in red blood cells. A lipid signature separated TBI from controls, at 24 and 72 h. Major species driving the separation were: lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and hexosylceramide (HexCer). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and LPC (0:0/22:6) decreased post-injury. NFL levels were increased at 24 and 72 h post-injury in AIS4 TBI vs. controls. Interleukin (IL-)6, IL-2 and IL-13 were elevated at 24 h in AIS4 patients vs. controls. NFL and IL-6 were negatively correlated with several lipids. The omega-3 index at admission was low in all patients (controls: 4.3 ± 1.1% and TBI: 4.0 ± 1.1%) and did not change significantly over 3 days post-injury. We have identified specific lipid changes, correlated with markers of injury and inflammation in acute TBI. These observations could inform future lipid-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Nessel
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Luke Whiley
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Simon C Dyall
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Sha P, Gao X, Yu R, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Wu T, Liu C. Enhancing daily living and cognitive functions in traumatic brain injury patients through Orem's self-care theory. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1449417. [PMID: 39228512 PMCID: PMC11368751 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1449417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This research seeks to investigate how early rehabilitation nursing, guided by Orem's self-care theory, affects cognitive function, neurological function, and daily living skills in individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A study was conducted with 108 patients with traumatic brain injury who were hospitalized at our facility from January 2021 to March 2023. Based on their admission dates, the participants were separated into a control group (n = 56) and an observation group (n = 52). The control group received standard nursing care, while the observation group received a combination of conventional treatment and nursing interventions based on Orem's self-care model. The research assessed alterations in the ability to perform daily tasks (Activities of Daily Living, ADL), neurological health (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS; Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS), and cognitive abilities (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, MoCA; Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) in both sets of participants prior to and following 4 and 8 weeks of nursing assistance. Results Following the intervention, the group being observed showed notably increased ADL scores at 4 weeks (p < 0.001) and 8 weeks (p < 0.001) in comparison to the control group. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks after nursing, the observation group had significantly lower NIHSS scores compared to the control group (4 weeks after nursing, p = 0.03; 4 weeks after nursing, p < 0.001). GCS score comparison showed the similar results (4 weeks after nursing, p = 0.013; 4 weeks after nursing, p = 0.003). Moreover, the participants in the observation group had notably higher MoCA and MMSE scores in comparison with the control group 4 and 8 weeks after nursing (all p < 0.001). Conclusion Orem's self-care theory improves patients' cognitive, neurological, and daily living functions of TBI patients during early rehabilitation nursing. This method helps enhance the level of care given by healthcare professionals, leading to more thorough and compassionate nursing care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Arizanovska D, Dallera CA, Folorunso OO, Bush GF, Frye JB, Doyle KP, Jagid JR, Wolosker H, Monaco BA, Cordeiro JG, Atkins CM, Griswold AJ, Liebl DJ. Cognitive dysfunction following brain trauma results from sex-specific reactivation of the developmental pruning processes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.13.607610. [PMID: 39211262 PMCID: PMC11360988 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.13.607610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive losses resulting from severe brain trauma have long been associated with the focal region of tissue damage, leading to devastating functional impairment. For decades, researchers have focused on the sequelae of cellular alterations that exist within the perilesional tissues; however, few clinical trials have been successful. Here, we employed a mouse brain injury model that resulted in expansive synaptic damage to regions outside the focal injury. Our findings demonstrate that synaptic damage results from the prolonged increase in D-serine release from activated microglia and astrocytes, which leads to hyperactivation of perisynaptic NMDARs, tagging of damaged synapses by complement components, and the reactivation of developmental pruning processes. We show that this mechanistic pathway is reversible at several stages within a prolonged and progressive period of synaptic loss. Importantly, these key factors are present in acutely injured brain tissue acquired from patients with brain injury, which supports a therapeutic neuroprotective strategy.
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Ho G, Lam L, Tran T, Wei J, Hashimoto M. Innate neuroimmunity across aging and neurodegeneration: a perspective from amyloidogenic evolvability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1430593. [PMID: 39071802 PMCID: PMC11272618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1430593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's Disease (AD), amyloidogenic proteins (APs), such as β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, may act as alarmins/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to stimulate neuroinflammation and cell death. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that brain-specific type 2 immune networks may be important in modulating amyloidogenicity and brain homeostasis. Central to this, components of innate neuroimmune signaling, particularly type 2 components, assume distinctly specialized roles in regulating immune homeostasis and brain function. Whereas balanced immune surveillance stems from normal type 2 brain immune function, appropriate microglial clearance of aggregated misfolded proteins and neurotrophic and synaptotrophic signaling, aberrant pro-inflammatory activity triggered by alarmins might disrupt this normal immune homeostasis with reduced microglial amyloid clearance, synaptic loss, and ultimately neurodegeneration. Furthermore, since increased inflammation may in turn cause neurodegeneration, it is predicted that AP aggregation and neuroinflammation could synergistically promote even more damage. The reasons for maintaining such adverse biological conditions which have not been weeded out during evolution remain unclear. Here, we discuss these issues from a viewpoint of amyloidogenic evolvability, namely, aEVO, a hypothetic view of an adaptation to environmental stress by AP aggregates. Speculatively, the interaction of AP aggregation and neuroinflammation for aEVO in reproduction, which is evolutionally beneficial, might become a co-activating relationship which promotes AD pathogenesis through antagonistic pleiotropy. If validated, simultaneously suppressing both AP aggregation and specific innate neuroinflammation could greatly increase therapeutic efficacy in AD. Overall, combining a better understanding of innate neuroimmunity in aging and disease with the aEVO hypothesis may help uncover novel mechanism of pathogenesis of AD, leading to improved diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Linh Lam
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Tony Tran
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Pybus AF, Bitarafan S, Brothers RO, Rohrer A, Khaitan A, Moctezuma FR, Udeshi K, Davies B, Triplett S, Griffin MN, Dammer EB, Rangaraju S, Buckley EM, Wood LB. Profiling the neuroimmune cascade in 3xTg-AD mice exposed to successive mild traumatic brain injuries. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:156. [PMID: 38872143 PMCID: PMC11177462 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) sustained within a window of vulnerability can result in long term cognitive deficits, depression, and eventual neurodegeneration associated with tau pathology, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, gliosis, and neuronal and functional loss. However, a comprehensive study relating acute changes in immune signaling and glial reactivity to neuronal changes and pathological markers after single and repetitive mTBIs is currently lacking. In the current study, we addressed the question of how repeated injuries affect the brain neuroimmune response in the acute phase of injury (< 24 h) by exposing the 3xTg-AD mouse model of tau and Aβ pathology to successive (1x-5x) once-daily weight drop closed-head injuries and quantifying immune markers, pathological markers, and transcriptional profiles at 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h after each injury. We used young adult 2-4 month old 3xTg-AD mice to model the effects of rmTBI in the absence of significant tau and Aβ pathology. We identified pronounced sexual dimorphism in this model, with females eliciting more diverse changes after injury compared to males. Specifically, females showed: (1) a single injury caused a decrease in neuron-enriched genes inversely correlated with inflammatory protein expression and an increase in AD-related genes within 24 h, (2) each injury significantly increased a group of cortical cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, KC) and MAPK phospho-proteins (phospho-Atf2, phospho-Mek1), several of which co-labeled with neurons and correlated with phospho-tau, and (3) repetitive injury caused increased expression of genes associated with astrocyte reactivity and macrophage-associated immune function. Collectively our data suggest that neurons respond to a single injury within 24 h, while other cell types, including astrocytes, transition to inflammatory phenotypes within days of repetitive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Pybus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rowan O Brothers
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alivia Rohrer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arushi Khaitan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felix Rivera Moctezuma
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kareena Udeshi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brae Davies
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sydney Triplett
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin N Griffin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erin M Buckley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Levi B Wood
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Turner MC, Radzikowska U, Ferastraoaru DE, Pascal M, Wesseling P, McCraw A, Backes C, Bax HJ, Bergmann C, Bianchini R, Cari L, de Las Vecillas L, Izquierdo E, Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Michelucci A, Nazarov PV, Niclou SP, Nocentini G, Ollert M, Preusser M, Rohr-Udilova N, Scafidi A, Toth R, Van Hemelrijck M, Weller M, Jappe U, Escribese MM, Jensen-Jarolim E, Karagiannis SN, Poli A. AllergoOncology: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus-A joint EAACI-EANO position paper. Allergy 2024; 79:1419-1439. [PMID: 38263898 DOI: 10.1111/all.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE-mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2-biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour-immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult-type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune-glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denisa E Ferastraoaru
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra McCraw
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudine Backes
- National Cancer Registry (Registre National du Cancer (RNC)), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Public Health Expertise Unit, Department of Precision Health, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (EPI CAN), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, RKM740 Interdisciplinary Clinics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reka Toth
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Xie Q, Namba MD, Buck LA, Park K, Jackson JG, Barker JM. Effects of Antiretroviral Treatment on Central and Peripheral Immune Response in Mice with EcoHIV Infection. Cells 2024; 13:882. [PMID: 38786105 PMCID: PMC11120433 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is an ongoing global health issue, despite increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). People living with HIV (PLWH) who are virally suppressed through ART still experience negative health outcomes, including neurocognitive impairment. It is increasingly evident that ART may act independently or in combination with HIV infection to alter the immune state, though this is difficult to disentangle in the clinical population. Thus, these experiments used multiplexed chemokine/cytokine arrays to assess peripheral (plasma) and brain (nucleus accumbens; NAc) expression of immune targets in the presence and absence of ART treatment in the EcoHIV mouse model. The findings identify the effects of EcoHIV infection and of treatment with bictegravir (B), emtricitabine (F), and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on the expression of numerous immune targets. In the NAc, this included EcoHIV-induced increases in IL-1α and IL-13 expression and B/F/TAF-induced reductions in KC/CXCL1. In the periphery, EcoHIV suppressed IL-6 and LIF expression, while B/F/TAF reduced IL-12p40 expression. In the absence of ART, IBA-1 expression was negatively correlated with CX3CL1 expression in the NAc of EcoHIV-infected mice. These findings identify distinct effects of ART and EcoHIV infection on peripheral and central immune factors and emphasize the need to consider ART effects on neural and immune outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mark D. Namba
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
| | - Lauren A. Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
| | - Kyewon Park
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Joshua G. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
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9
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Dong Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Interleukins in Epilepsy: Friend or Foe. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:635-657. [PMID: 38265567 PMCID: PMC11127910 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures, affecting ~ 65 million worldwide. Evidence in patients with epilepsy and animal models suggests a contribution of neuroinflammation to epileptogenesis and the development of epilepsy. Interleukins (ILs), as one of the major contributors to neuroinflammation, are intensively studied for their association and modulatory effects on ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. ILs are commonly divided into pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are expected to be pathogenic or neuroprotective in epilepsy. However, both protective and destructive effects have been reported for many ILs. This may be due to the complex nature of ILs, and also possibly due to the different disease courses that those ILs are involved in. In this review, we summarize the contributions of different ILs in those processes and provide a current overview of recent research advances, as well as preclinical and clinical studies targeting ILs in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Koupourtidou C, Schwarz V, Aliee H, Frerich S, Fischer-Sternjak J, Bocchi R, Simon-Ebert T, Bai X, Sirko S, Kirchhoff F, Dichgans M, Götz M, Theis FJ, Ninkovic J. Shared inflammatory glial cell signature after stab wound injury, revealed by spatial, temporal, and cell-type-specific profiling of the murine cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2866. [PMID: 38570482 PMCID: PMC10991294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury leads to a highly orchestrated immune- and glial cell response partially responsible for long-lasting disability and the development of secondary neurodegenerative diseases. A holistic understanding of the mechanisms controlling the responses of specific cell types and their crosstalk is required to develop an efficient strategy for better regeneration. Here, we combine spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to chart the transcriptomic signature of the injured male murine cerebral cortex, and identify specific states of different glial cells contributing to this signature. Interestingly, distinct glial cells share a large fraction of injury-regulated genes, including inflammatory programs downstream of the innate immune-associated pathways Cxcr3 and Tlr1/2. Systemic manipulation of these pathways decreases the reactivity state of glial cells associated with poor regeneration. The functional relevance of the discovered shared signature of glial cells highlights the importance of our resource enabling comprehensive analysis of early events after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Koupourtidou
- Chair of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schwarz
- Chair of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hananeh Aliee
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Frerich
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Bocchi
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Simon-Ebert
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Chair of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Zhang X, Huang X, Hang D, Jin J, Li S, Zhu Y, Liu H. Targeting pyroptosis with nanoparticles to alleviate neuroinflammatory for preventing secondary damage following traumatic brain injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4260. [PMID: 38198543 PMCID: PMC10780956 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic neuroinflammation is a key driver of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, considerably activates strong neuroinflammation and amplifies the inflammatory response by releasing inflammatory contents. Therefore, treatments targeting pyroptosis may have beneficial effects on the treatment of secondary brain damage after TBI. Here, a cysteine-alanine-glutamine-lysine peptide-modified β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) nanoparticle was constructed to deliver disulfiram (DSF), C-β-LG/DSF, to inhibit pyroptosis and decrease neuroinflammation, thereby preventing TBI-induced secondary injury. In the post-TBI mice model, C-β-LG/DSF selectively targets the injured brain, increases DSF accumulation, and extends the time of the systemic circulation of DSF. C-β-LG/DSF can alleviate brain edema and inflammatory response, inhibit secondary brain injury, promote learning, and improve memory recovery in mice after trauma. Therefore, this study likely provided a potential approach for reducing the secondary spread of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Xuyang Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, No.1518, Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314099, China
| | - Diancheng Hang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yufu Zhu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai Xi Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
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12
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Di Castro MA, Garofalo S, Mormino A, Carbonari L, Di Pietro E, De Felice E, Catalano M, Maggi L, Limatola C. Interleukin-15 alters hippocampal synaptic transmission and impairs episodic memory formation in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:652-666. [PMID: 37992787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are potent immunomodulators exerting pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system (CNS). They influence neuronal functions and circuit activities with effects on memory processes and behaviors. Here, we unravel a neuromodulatory activity of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in mouse brain. Acute exposure of hippocampal slices to IL-15 enhances gamma-aminobutyricacid (GABA) release and reduces glutamatergic currents, while chronic treatment with IL-15 increases the frequency of hippocampal miniature inhibitory synaptic transmission and impairs memory formation in the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Moreover, we describe that serotonin is involved in mediating the hippocampal effects of IL-15, because a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and ameliorates mice performance in the NOR test. These findings provide new insights into the modulatory activities of cytokines in the CNS, with implications on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amalia Di Castro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mormino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Carbonari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Di Pietro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Felice
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed Via Atinese 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur, Italy.
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13
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Au NPB, Wu T, Kumar G, Jin Y, Li YYT, Chan SL, Lai JHC, Chan KWY, Yu KN, Wang X, Ma CHE. Low-dose ionizing radiation promotes motor recovery and brain rewiring by resolving inflammatory response after brain injury and stroke. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:43-63. [PMID: 37774892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke share a common pathophysiology that worsens over time due to secondary tissue injury caused by sustained inflammatory response. However, studies on pharmacological interventions targeting the complex secondary injury cascade have failed to show efficacy. Here, we demonstrated that low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) reduced lesion size and reversed motor deficits after TBI and photothrombotic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated significant reduction of infarct volume in LDIR-treated mice after stroke. Systems-level transcriptomic analysis showed that genes upregulated in LDIR-treated stoke mice were enriched in pathways associated with inflammatory and immune response involving microglia. LDIR induced upregulation of anti-inflammatory- and phagocytosis-related genes, and downregulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These findings were validated by live-cell assays, in which microglia exhibited higher chemotactic and phagocytic capacities after LDIR. We observed substantial microglial clustering at the injury site, glial scar clearance and reversal of motor deficits after stroke. Cortical microglia/macrophages depletion completely abolished the beneficial effect of LDIR on motor function recovery in stroke mice. LDIR promoted axonal projections (brain rewiring) in motor cortex and recovery of brain activity detected by electroencephalography recordings months after stroke. LDIR treatment delayed by 8 h post-injury still maintained full therapeutic effects on motor recovery, indicating that LDIR is a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Shun Lam Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Ho Chi Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kannie Wai Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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14
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Li S, Qiu N, Ni A, Hamblin MH, Yin KJ. Role of regulatory non-coding RNAs in traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 172:105643. [PMID: 38007071 PMCID: PMC10872636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a potentially fatal health event that cannot be predicted in advance. After TBI occurs, it can have enduring consequences within both familial and social spheres. Yet, despite extensive efforts to improve medical interventions and tailor healthcare services, TBI still remains a major contributor to global disability and mortality rates. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of TBI in clinical contexts, coupled with the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies, remains an arduous challenge. However, a deeper understanding of changes in gene expression and the underlying molecular regulatory processes may alleviate this pressing issue. In recent years, the study of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a diverse class of RNA molecules with regulatory functions, has been a potential game changer in TBI research. Notably, the identification of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other ncRNAs has revealed their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TBI, owing to their ability to regulate the expression of numerous genes. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of regulatory ncRNAs in TBI. We also summarize regulatory ncRNAs used for treatment in animal models, as well as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs that served as biomarkers for TBI diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we discuss future challenges and prospects in diagnosing and treating TBI patients in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Na Qiu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Andrew Ni
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 1212 Webber Hall, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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15
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Mamuladze T, Kipnis J. Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1290-1299. [PMID: 37429945 PMCID: PMC10616183 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research in neuroimmunology has revolutionized our understanding of the intricate interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS, an "immune-privileged organ", is now known to be intimately connected to the immune system through different cell types and cytokines. While type 2 immune responses have traditionally been associated with allergy and parasitic infections, emerging evidence suggests that these responses also play a crucial role in CNS homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Type 2 immunity encompasses a delicate interplay among stroma, Th2 cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s), mast cells, basophils, and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25, TSLP and IL-33. In this review, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of type 2 immune cells and cytokines in CNS injury and homeostasis, cognition, and diseases such as tumors, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tornike Mamuladze
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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16
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Reiners JC, Leopold L, Hallebach V, Sinske D, Meier P, Amoroso M, Langgartner D, Reber SO, Knöll B. Acute stress modulates the outcome of traumatic brain injury-associated gene expression and behavioral responses. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23218. [PMID: 37779443 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301035r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress and traumatic brain injury (TBI) result in long-lasting emotional and behavioral impairments in patients. So far, the interaction of psychological stress with TBI not only in the brain but also in peripheral organs is poorly understood. Herein, the impact of acute stress (AS) occurring immediately before TBI is investigated. For this, a mouse model of restraint stress and TBI was employed, and their influence on behavior and gene expression in brain regions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and peripheral organs was analyzed. Results demonstrate that, compared to single AS or TBI exposure, mice treated with AS prior to TBI showed sex-specific alterations in body weight, memory function, and locomotion. The induction of immediate early genes (IEGs, e.g., c-Fos) by TBI was modulated by previous AS in several brain regions. Furthermore, IEG upregulation along the HPA axis (e.g., pituitary, adrenal glands) and other peripheral organs (e.g., heart) was modulated by AS-TBI interaction. Proteomics of plasma samples revealed proteins potentially mediating this interaction. Finally, the deletion of Atf3 diminished the TBI-induced induction of IEGs in peripheral organs but left them largely unaltered in the brain. In summary, AS immediately before brain injury affects the brain and, to a strong degree, also responses in peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Leopold
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vera Hallebach
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Sinske
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Knöll
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Aousji O, Feldengut S, Antonucci S, Schön M, Boeckers TM, Matschke J, Mawrin C, Ludolph AC, Del Tredici K, Roselli F, Braak H. Patterns of synaptic loss in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord: a clinicopathological study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:120. [PMID: 37491361 PMCID: PMC10367350 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is mainly characterized by the degeneration of corticospinal neurons and spinal α-motoneurons; vulnerable cells display prominent pTDP-43 inclusions. Evidence gathered from genetics, murine models, and iPSC-derived neurons point to the early involvement of synapses in the disease course and their crucial role in the pathogenic cascade. However, pathology studies, with specimens from large post-mortem cohorts, mapping the pattern of synaptic disturbances over clinical and neuropathological hallmarks of disease progression, are currently not available. Thus, the appearance and progression of synaptic degeneration in human ALS patients are currently not known, preventing a full validation of the murine and in vitro models. Here, we investigated the loss of synaptophysin-positive terminals in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord samples from a retrospective cohort of n = 33 ALS patients and n = 8 healthy controls, and we correlated the loss of synapses against clinicodemographic features and neuropathological ALS stage. We found that, although dorsal and intermediate spinal cord laminae do not lose synapses, ALS patients displayed a substantial but variable loss of synapses in the ventral horn of lumbar and cervical spinal cord. The amount of synaptic loss was predicted by disease duration, by the clinical site of onset, and by the loss of α-motoneurons, although not by the fraction of pTDP-43-immunopositive α-motoneurons. Taken together, our findings validate the synaptic pathology observed in other models and suggest that pathogenic pathways unfolding in the spinal microenvironment are critical to the progressive disassembly of local synaptic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumayma Aousji
- Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Feldengut
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefano Antonucci
- Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Institute of Neuropathology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Kelly Del Tredici
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
| | - Heiko Braak
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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18
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Pybus AF, Bitarafan S, Brothers RO, Rohrer A, Khaitan A, Moctezuma FR, Udeshi K, Davies B, Triplett S, Dammer E, Rangaraju S, Buckley EM, Wood LB. Profiling the neuroimmune cascade in 3xTg mice exposed to successive mild traumatic brain injuries. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544838. [PMID: 37397993 PMCID: PMC10312742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) sustained within a window of vulnerability can result in long term cognitive deficits, depression, and eventual neurodegeneration associated with tau pathology, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, gliosis, and neuronal and functional loss. However, we have limited understanding of how successive injuries acutely affect the brain to result in these devastating long-term consequences. In the current study, we addressed the question of how repeated injuries affect the brain in the acute phase of injury (<24hr) by exposing the 3xTg-AD mouse model of tau and Aβ pathology to successive (1x, 3x, 5x) once-daily weight drop closed-head injuries and quantifying immune markers, pathological markers, and transcriptional profiles at 30min, 4hr, and 24hr after each injury. We used young adult mice (2-4 months old) to model the effects of rmTBI relevant to young adult athletes, and in the absence of significant tau and Aβ pathology. Importantly, we identified pronounced sexual dimorphism, with females eliciting more differentially expressed proteins after injury compared to males. Specifically, females showed: 1) a single injury caused a decrease in neuron-enriched genes inversely correlated with inflammatory protein expression as well as an increase in AD-related genes within 24hr, 2) each injury significantly increased expression of a group of cortical cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, KC) and MAPK phospho-proteins (phospho-Atf2, phospho-Mek1), several of which were co-labeled with neurons and correlated with phospho-tau, and 3) repetitive injury caused increased expression of genes associated with astrocyte reactivity and immune function. Collectively our data suggest that neurons respond to a single injury within 24h, while other cell types including astrocytes transition to inflammatory phenotypes within days of repetitive injury.
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19
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Olde Heuvel F, Ouali Alami N, Aousji O, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Zahn PK, Wilhelm H, Deshpande D, Khatamsaz E, Catanese A, Woelfle S, Schön M, Jain S, Grabrucker S, Ludolph AC, Verpelli C, Michaelis J, Boeckers TM, Roselli F. Shank2 identifies a subset of glycinergic neurons involved in altered nociception in an autism model. Mol Autism 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 37316943 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) patients experience disturbed nociception in the form of either hyposensitivity to pain or allodynia. A substantial amount of processing of somatosensory and nociceptive stimulus takes place in the dorsal spinal cord. However, many of these circuits are not very well understood in the context of nociceptive processing in ASD. METHODS We have used a Shank2-/- mouse model, which displays a set of phenotypes reminiscent of ASD, and performed behavioural and microscopic analysis to investigate the role of dorsal horn circuitry in nociceptive processing of ASD. RESULTS We determined that Shank2-/- mice display increased sensitivity to formalin pain and thermal preference, but a sensory specific mechanical allodynia. We demonstrate that high levels of Shank2 expression identifies a subpopulation of neurons in murine and human dorsal spinal cord, composed mainly by glycinergic interneurons and that loss of Shank2 causes the decrease in NMDAR in excitatory synapses on these inhibitory interneurons. In fact, in the subacute phase of the formalin test, glycinergic interneurons are strongly activated in wild type (WT) mice but not in Shank2-/- mice. Consequently, nociception projection neurons in laminae I are activated in larger numbers in Shank2-/- mice. LIMITATIONS Our investigation is limited to male mice, in agreement with the higher representation of ASD in males; therefore, caution should be applied to extrapolate the findings to females. Furthermore, ASD is characterized by extensive genetic diversity and therefore the findings related to Shank2 mutant mice may not necessarily apply to patients with different gene mutations. Since nociceptive phenotypes in ASD range between hyper- and hypo-sensitivity, diverse mutations may affect the circuit in opposite ways. CONCLUSION Our findings prove that Shank2 expression identifies a new subset of inhibitory interneurons involved in reducing the transmission of nociceptive stimuli and whose unchecked activation is associated with pain hypersensitivity. We provide evidence that dysfunction in spinal cord pain processing may contribute to the nociceptive phenotypes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najwa Ouali Alami
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International PhD Program, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Esther Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter K Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanna Wilhelm
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Woelfle
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine (Renal), Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Science Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
- Center for Biomedical Research (ZBF), Helmholtzstraße 8/2, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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20
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Zipp F, Bittner S, Schafer DP. Cytokines as emerging regulators of central nervous system synapses. Immunity 2023; 56:914-925. [PMID: 37163992 PMCID: PMC10233069 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are key messengers by which immune cells communicate, and they drive many physiological processes, including immune and inflammatory responses. Early discoveries demonstrated that cytokines, such as the interleukin family members and TNF-α, regulate synaptic scaling and plasticity. Still, we continue to learn more about how these traditional immune system cytokines affect neuronal structure and function. Different cytokines shape synaptic function on multiple levels ranging from fine-tuning neurotransmission, to regulating synapse number, to impacting global neuronal networks and complex behavior. These recent findings have cultivated an exciting and growing field centered on the importance of immune system cytokines for regulating synapse and neural network structure and function. Here, we highlight the latest findings related to cytokines in the central nervous system and their regulation of synapse structure and function. Moreover, we explore how these mechanisms are becoming increasingly important to consider in diseases-especially those with a large neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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21
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Barron JJ, Mroz NM, Taloma SE, Dahlgren MW, Ortiz-Carpena J, Dorman LC, Vainchtein ID, Escoubas CC, Molofsky AB, Molofsky AV. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532850. [PMID: 36993292 PMCID: PMC10055027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays essential roles in brain synaptic development, and immune dysregulation is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here we show that a subset of innate lymphocytes (group 2 innate lymphoid cells, ILC2s) is required for cortical inhibitory synapse maturation and adult social behavior. ILC2s expanded in the developing meninges and produced a surge of their canonical cytokine Interleukin-13 (IL-13) between postnatal days 5-15. Loss of ILC2s decreased cortical inhibitory synapse numbers in the postnatal period where as ILC2 transplant was sufficient to increase inhibitory synapse numbers. Deletion of the IL-4/IL-13 receptor (Il4ra) from inhibitory neurons phenocopied the reduction inhibitory synapses. Both ILC2 deficient and neuronal Il4ra deficient animals had similar and selective impairments in adult social behavior. These data define a type 2 immune circuit in early life that shapes adult brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerika J. Barron
- Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program
| | - Nicholas M. Mroz
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program
- Department of Laboratory Medicine. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sunrae E. Taloma
- Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
| | - Madelene W. Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jorge Ortiz-Carpena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Leah C. Dorman
- Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Neuroscience Graduate Program
| | | | | | - Ari B. Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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