1
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Stirbet A, Guo Y, Lazár D, Govindjee G. From leaf to multiscale models of photosynthesis: applications and challenges for crop improvement. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 161:21-49. [PMID: 38619700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To keep up with the growth of human population and to circumvent deleterious effects of global climate change, it is essential to enhance crop yield to achieve higher production. Here we review mathematical models of oxygenic photosynthesis that are extensively used, and discuss in depth a subset that accounts for diverse approaches providing solutions to our objective. These include models (1) to study different ways to enhance photosynthesis, such as fine-tuning antenna size, photoprotection and electron transport; (2) to bioengineer carbon metabolism; and (3) to evaluate the interactions between the process of photosynthesis and the seasonal crop dynamics, or those that have included statistical whole-genome prediction methods to quantify the impact of photosynthesis traits on the improvement of crop yield. We conclude by emphasizing that the results obtained in these studies clearly demonstrate that mathematical modelling is a key tool to examine different approaches to improve photosynthesis for better productivity, while effective multiscale crop models, especially those that also include remote sensing data, are indispensable to verify different strategies to obtain maximized crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký Univesity, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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2
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Kunz HH, Armbruster U, Mühlbauer S, de Vries J, Davis GA. Chloroplast ion homeostasis - what do we know and where should we go? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:543-559. [PMID: 38515227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant yields heavily depend on proper macro- and micronutrient supply from the soil. In the leaf cells, nutrient ions fulfill specific roles in biochemical reactions, especially photosynthesis housed in the chloroplast. Here, a well-balanced ion homeostasis is maintained by a number of ion transport proteins embedded in the envelope and thylakoid membranes. Ten years ago, the first alkali metal transporters from the K+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTER family were discovered in the model plant Arabidopsis. Since then, our knowledge about the physiological importance of these carriers and their substrates has greatly expanded. New insights into the role of alkali ions in plastid gene expression and photoprotective mechanisms, both prerequisites for plant productivity in natural environments, were gained. The discovery of a Cl- channel in the thylakoid and several additional plastid alkali and alkali metal transport proteins have advanced the field further. Nevertheless, scientists still have long ways to go before a complete systemic understanding of the chloroplast's ion transportome will emerge. In this Tansley review, we highlight and discuss the achievements of the last decade. More importantly, we make recommendations on what areas to prioritize, so the field can reach the next milestones. One area, laid bare by our similarity-based comparisons among phototrophs is our lack of knowledge what ion transporters are used by cyanobacteria to buffer photosynthesis fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Biochemistry, Biology, LMU Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Institute of Molecular Photosynthesis, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Mühlbauer
- Plant Biochemistry, Biology, LMU Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Geoffry A Davis
- Plant Biochemistry, Biology, LMU Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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3
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Lyu H, Lin YC, Liakopoulos G. Screening rate constants in the simulation of rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence using the Morris method. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396309. [PMID: 38938638 PMCID: PMC11208477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence, a sensitive and cost-effective probe, is widely used in photosynthetic research. Its rapid phase, occurring within 1 second under intense illumination, displays complex O-J-I-P transients, providing valuable insights into various aspects of photosynthesis. In addition to employing experimental approaches to measure the rapid Fluorescence Induction (FI) kinetics, mathematical modeling serves as a crucial tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive FI dynamics. However, the significant uncertainty and arbitrary nature of selecting model parameters amplify concerns about the effectiveness of modeling tools in aiding photosynthesis research. Therefore, there is a need to gain a deeper understanding of how these models operate and how arbitrary parameter choices may influence their outcomes. In this study, we employed the Morris method, a global Sensitivity Analysis (SA) tool, to assess the significance of rate constants employed in an existing fluorescence model, particularly those linked to the entire electron transport chain, in shaping the rapid FI dynamics. In summary, utilizing the insights gained from the Morris SA allows for targeted refinement of the photosynthesis model, thereby improving our understanding of the complex processes inherent in photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | | | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Morphology, Department of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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4
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Lyu H, Zuo YS. Dynamic modulation of transthylakoid electric potential by chloroplast ATP synthases. Biochimie 2024; 221:27-37. [PMID: 38224902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The light-induced transthylakoid membrane potential (ΔΨm) can function as a driving force to help catalyzing the formation of ATP molecules, proving a tight connection between ΔΨm and the ATP synthase. Naturally, a question can be raised on the effects of altered functioning of ATP synthases on regulating ΔΨm, which is attractive in the area of photosynthetic research. Lots of findings, when making efforts of solving this difficulty, can offer an in-depth understanding into the mechanism behind. However, the functional network on modulating ΔΨm is highly interdependent. It is difficult to comprehend the consequences of altered activity of ATP synthases on adjusting ΔΨm because parameters that have influences on ΔΨm would themselves be affected by ΔΨm. In this work, a computer model was applied to check the kinetic changes in polarization/depolarization across the thylakoid membrane (TM) regulated by the modified action of ATP synthases. The computing data revealed that under the extreme condition by numerically "switching off" the action of the ATP synthase, the complete inactivation of ATP synthase would markedly impede proton translocation at the cytb6f complex. Concurrently, the KEA3 (CLCe) porter, actively pumping protons into the stroma, further contributes to achieving a sustained low level of ΔΨm. Besides, the quantitative consequences on every particular component of ΔΨm adjusted by the modified functioning of ATP synthases were also explored. By employing the model, we bring evidence from the theoretical perspective that the ATP synthase is a key factor in forming a transmembrane proton loop thereby maintaining a propriate steady-state ΔΨm to meet variable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China.
| | - Yong-Song Zuo
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
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5
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Shikanai T. Molecular Genetic Dissection of the Regulatory Network of Proton Motive Force in Chloroplasts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:537-550. [PMID: 38150384 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The proton motive force (pmf) generated across the thylakoid membrane rotates the Fo-ring of ATP synthase in chloroplasts. The pmf comprises two components: membrane potential (∆Ψ) and proton concentration gradient (∆pH). Acidification of the thylakoid lumen resulting from ∆pH downregulates electron transport in the cytochrome b6f complex. This process, known as photosynthetic control, is crucial for protecting photosystem I (PSI) from photodamage in response to fluctuating light. To optimize the balance between efficient photosynthesis and photoprotection, it is necessary to regulate pmf. Cyclic electron transport around PSI and pseudo-cyclic electron transport involving flavodiiron proteins contribute to the modulation of pmf magnitude. By manipulating the ratio between the two components of pmf, it is possible to modify the extent of photosynthetic control without affecting the pmf size. This adjustment can be achieved by regulating the movement of ions (such as K+ and Cl-) across the thylakoid membrane. Since ATP synthase is the primary consumer of pmf in chloroplasts, its activity must be precisely regulated to accommodate other mechanisms involved in pmf optimization. Although fragments of information about each regulatory process have been accumulated, a comprehensive understanding of their interactions is lacking. Here, I summarize current knowledge of the network for pmf regulation, mainly based on genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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6
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Uflewski M, Rindfleisch T, Korkmaz K, Tietz E, Mielke S, Correa Galvis V, Dünschede B, Luzarowski M, Skirycz A, Schwarzländer M, Strand DD, Hertle AP, Schünemann D, Walther D, Thalhammer A, Wolff M, Armbruster U. The thylakoid proton antiporter KEA3 regulates photosynthesis in response to the chloroplast energy status. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2792. [PMID: 38555362 PMCID: PMC10981695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis contains two functional modules, the light-driven reactions in the thylakoid membrane and the carbon-fixing reactions in the chloroplast stroma. In nature, light availability for photosynthesis often undergoes massive and rapid fluctuations. Efficient and productive use of such variable light supply requires an instant crosstalk and rapid synchronization of both functional modules. Here, we show that this communication involves the stromal exposed C-terminus of the thylakoid K+-exchange antiporter KEA3, which regulates the ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane and therefore pH-dependent photoprotection. By combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that the KEA3 C-terminus senses the energy state of the chloroplast in a pH-dependent manner and regulates transport activity in response. Together our data pinpoint a regulatory feedback loop by which the stromal energy state orchestrates light capture and photoprotection via multi-level regulation of KEA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Uflewski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Tobias Rindfleisch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kübra Korkmaz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Enrico Tietz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Sarah Mielke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Viviana Correa Galvis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Beatrix Dünschede
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Alexander P Hertle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Danja Schünemann
- Molecular Biology of Plant Organelles, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Anja Thalhammer
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wolff
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany.
- Molecular Photosynthesis, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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7
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Gu L. Optimizing the electron transport chain to sustainably improve photosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2398-2412. [PMID: 37671674 PMCID: PMC10663115 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically improving photosynthesis is a key strategy to boosting crop production to meet the rising demand for food and fuel by a rapidly growing global population in a warming climate. Many components of the photosynthetic apparatus have been targeted for genetic modification for improving photosynthesis. Successful translation of these modifications into increased plant productivity in fluctuating environments will depend on whether the electron transport chain (ETC) can support the increased electron transport rate without risking overreduction and photodamage. At present atmospheric conditions, the ETC appears suboptimal and will likely need to be modified to support proposed photosynthetic improvements and to maintain energy balance. Here, I derive photochemical equations to quantify the transport capacity and the corresponding reduction level based on the kinetics of redox reactions along the ETC. Using these theoretical equations and measurements from diverse C3/C4 species across environments, I identify several strategies that can simultaneously increase the transport capacity and decrease the reduction level of the ETC. These strategies include increasing the abundances of reaction centers, cytochrome b6f complexes, and mobile electron carriers, improving their redox kinetics, and decreasing the fraction of secondary quinone-nonreducing photosystem II reaction centers. I also shed light on several previously unexplained experimental findings regarding the physiological impacts of the abundances of the cytochrome b6f complex and plastoquinone. The model developed, and the insights generated from it facilitate the development of sustainable photosynthetic systems for greater crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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8
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Gollan PJ, Grebe S, Roling L, Grimm B, Spetea C, Aro E. Photosynthetic and transcriptome responses to fluctuating light in Arabidopsis thylakoid ion transport triple mutant. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e534. [PMID: 37886682 PMCID: PMC10598627 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating light intensity challenges fluent photosynthetic electron transport in plants, inducing photoprotection while diminishing carbon assimilation and growth, and also influencing photosynthetic signaling for regulation of gene expression. Here, we employed in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence and P700 difference absorption measurements to demonstrate the enhancement of photoprotective energy dissipation of both photosystems in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana after 6 h exposure to fluctuating light as compared with constant light conditions. This acclimation response to fluctuating light was hampered in a triple mutant lacking the thylakoid ion transport proteins KEA3, VCCN1, and CLCe, leading to photoinhibition of photosystem I. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in biotic stress and defense responses in both genotypes after exposure to fluctuating as compared with constant light, yet these responses were demonstrated to be largely upregulated in triple mutant already under constant light conditions compared with wild type. The current study illustrates the rapid acclimation of plants to fluctuating light, including photosynthetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic adjustments, and highlights the connection among thylakoid ion transport, photosynthetic energy balance, and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Gollan
- Department of Life Technologies, Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Department of Life Technologies, Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Present address:
Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lena Roling
- Institute of Biology/Plant PhysiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant PhysiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Eva‐Mari Aro
- Department of Life Technologies, Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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9
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Schmiege SC, Sharkey TD, Walker B, Hammer J, Way DA. Laisk measurements in the nonsteady state: Tests in plants exposed to warming and variable CO2 concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1045-1057. [PMID: 37232396 PMCID: PMC10517191 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light respiration (RL) is an important component of plant carbon balance and a key parameter in photosynthesis models. RL is often measured using the Laisk method, a gas exchange technique that is traditionally employed under steady-state conditions. However, a nonsteady-state dynamic assimilation technique (DAT) may allow for more rapid Laisk measurements. In 2 studies, we examined the efficacy of DAT for estimating RL and the parameter Ci* (the intercellular CO2 concentration where Rubisco's oxygenation velocity is twice its carboxylation velocity), which is also derived from the Laisk technique. In the first study, we compared DAT and steady-state RL and Ci* estimates in paper birch (Betula papyrifera) growing under control and elevated temperature and CO2 concentrations. In the second, we compared DAT-estimated RL and Ci* in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry "NM6") exposed to high or low CO2 concentration pre-treatments. The DAT and steady-state methods provided similar RL estimates in B. papyrifera, and we found little acclimation of RL to temperature or CO2; however, Ci* was higher when measured with DAT compared to steady-state methods. These Ci* differences were amplified by the high or low CO2 pre-treatments. We propose that changes in the export of glycine from photorespiration may explain these apparent differences in Ci*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Berkley Walker
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Julia Hammer
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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10
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Yamamoto H, Cheuk A, Shearman J, Nixon PJ, Meier T, Shikanai T. Impact of engineering the ATP synthase rotor ring on photosynthesis in tobacco chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1221-1233. [PMID: 36703219 PMCID: PMC10231360 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase produces the ATP needed for photosynthesis and plant growth. The trans-membrane flow of protons through the ATP synthase rotates an oligomeric assembly of c subunits, the c-ring. The ion-to-ATP ratio in rotary F1F0-ATP synthases is defined by the number of c-subunits in the rotor c-ring. Engineering the c-ring stoichiometry is, therefore, a possible route to manipulate ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase and hence photosynthetic efficiency in plants. Here, we describe the construction of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplast atpH (chloroplastic ATP synthase subunit c gene) mutant in which the c-ring stoichiometry was increased from 14 to 15 c-subunits. Although the abundance of the ATP synthase was decreased to 25% of wild-type (WT) levels, the mutant lines grew as well as WT plants and photosynthetic electron transport remained unaffected. To synthesize the necessary ATP for growth, we found that the contribution of the membrane potential to the proton motive force was enhanced to ensure a higher proton flux via the c15-ring without unwanted low pH-induced feedback inhibition of electron transport. Our work opens avenues to manipulate plant ion-to-ATP ratios with potentially beneficial consequences for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Anthony Cheuk
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julia Shearman
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Meier
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Gu L, Grodzinski B, Han J, Marie T, Zhang YJ, Song YC, Sun Y. An exploratory steady-state redox model of photosynthetic linear electron transport for use in complete modelling of photosynthesis for broad applications. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1540-1561. [PMID: 36760139 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A photochemical model of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) is needed to integrate photophysics, photochemistry, and biochemistry to determine redox conditions of electron carriers and enzymes for plant stress assessment and mechanistically link sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to carbon assimilation for remotely sensing photosynthesis. Towards this goal, we derived photochemical equations governing the states and redox reactions of complexes and electron carriers along the PET chain. These equations allow the redox conditions of the mobile plastoquinone pool and the cytochrome b6 f complex (Cyt) to be inferred with typical fluorometry. The equations agreed well with fluorometry measurements from diverse C3 /C4 species across environments in the relationship between the PET rate and fraction of open photosystem II reaction centres. We found the oxidation of plastoquinol by Cyt is the bottleneck of PET, and genetically improving the oxidation of plastoquinol by Cyt may enhance the efficiency of PET and photosynthesis across species. Redox reactions and photochemical and biochemical interactions are highly redundant in their complex controls of PET. Although individual reaction rate constants cannot be resolved, they appear in parameter groups which can be collectively inferred with fluorometry measurements for broad applications. The new photochemical model developed enables advances in different fronts of photosynthesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bernard Grodzinski
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimei Han
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Telesphore Marie
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Yang C Song
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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12
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Svoboda V, Oung HMO, Koochak H, Yarbrough R, Mckenzie SD, Puthiyaveetil S, Kirchhoff H. Quantification of energy-converting protein complexes in plant thylakoid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148945. [PMID: 36442511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the exact abundance and ratio of photosynthetic protein complexes in thylakoid membranes is central to understanding structure-function relationships in energy conversion. Recent modeling approaches for studying light harvesting and electron transport reactions rely on quantitative information on the constituent complexes in thylakoid membranes. Over the last decades several quantitative methods have been established and refined, enabling precise stoichiometric information on the five main energy-converting building blocks in the thylakoid membrane: Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), Photosystem II (PSII), Photosystem I (PSI), cytochrome b6f complex (cyt b6f complex), and ATPase. This paper summarizes a few quantitative spectroscopic and biochemical methods that are currently available for quantification of plant thylakoid protein complexes. Two new methods are presented for quantification of LHCII and the cyt b6f complex, which agree well with established methods. In addition, recent improvements in mass spectrometry (MS) allow deeper compositional information on thylakoid membranes. The comparison between mass spectrometric and more classical protein quantification methods shows similar quantities of complexes, confirming the potential of thylakoid protein complex quantification by MS. The quantitative information on PSII, PSI, and LHCII reveal that about one third of LHCII must be associated with PSI for a balanced light energy absorption by the two photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Svoboda
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Hui Min Olivia Oung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haniyeh Koochak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Robert Yarbrough
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Steven D Mckenzie
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sujith Puthiyaveetil
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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13
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Caspy I, Fadeeva M, Mazor Y, Nelson N. Structure of Dunaliella photosystem II reveals conformational flexibility of stacked and unstacked supercomplexes. eLife 2023; 12:e81150. [PMID: 36799903 PMCID: PMC9949808 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable water oxidation , a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth . Our knowledge on the mechanism of water photooxidation was greatly advanced by high-resolution structures of prokaryotic PSII . Here, we show high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of eukaryotic PSII from the green alga Dunaliella salina at two distinct conformations. The conformers are also present in stacked PSII, exhibiting flexibility that may be relevant to the grana formation in chloroplasts of the green lineage. CP29, one of PSII associated light-harvesting antennae, plays a major role in distinguishing the two conformations of the supercomplex. We also show that the stacked PSII dimer, a form suggested to support the organisation of thylakoid membranes , can appear in many different orientations providing a flexible stacking mechanism for the arrangement of grana stacks in thylakoids. Our findings provide a structural basis for the heterogenous nature of the eukaryotic PSII on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Maria Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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14
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Lyu H, Lazár D. Effect of ion fluxes on regulating the light-induced transthylakoid electric potential difference. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:60-69. [PMID: 36379178 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The light-induced transthylakoid membrane potential (ΔΨ) can not only drive the ATP synthesis through the ATP-synthase in chloroplasts but serve as an essential modifier in the acclimation of photosynthesis to fluctuating light conditions. It has been manifested that during photosynthesis, the light-induced ΔΨ is responsive to multiple factors among which the ion channels/transporters (e.g., V-K+, VCCN1, and KEA3) are key to adjust the ion distribution on the two sides of the thylakoid membrane and hence shape the kinetics of ΔΨ. However, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of ion fluxes on adjusting the transthylakoid electric potentials is still unclear. This lack of a mechanistic understanding is due to the experimental difficulty of closely observing ion fluxes in vivo and also hacking the evolution of parameters in a highly intertwined photosynthetic network. In this work, a computer model was applied to investigate the roles of ion fluxes on adjusting transthylakoid electric potentials upon a temporal cycle of a period of high illumination followed by a dark-adapted phase. The computing data revealed that, firstly, upon illumination, the dissipation of the steady-ΔΨ by ∼10 mV is contributed from the V-K+-driven K+ flux whilst ∼8 mV of the steady-ΔΨ is dissipated by the VCCN1-pumped Cl- flux, but there were no appreciable KEA3-evoked variations on ΔΨ; secondly, on transition from high light to darkness, V-K+ and KEA3 are serving as major contributors whereas VCCN1 taking a counterbalancing part in shaping a standard trace of ECS (electrochromic shift), which commonly shows a sharp fall to a minimum before returning to the baseline in darkness. Besides, the functional consequences on components of ΔΨ adjusted by every particular ion channel/transporter were also explored. By employing the model, we bring evidence that particular thylakoid-harbored proteins, namely V-K+, VCCN1, and KEA3, function by distinct mechanisms in the dynamic adjustment of electric potential, which might be mainly importnat under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China.
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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15
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von Bismarck T, Korkmaz K, Ruß J, Skurk K, Kaiser E, Correa Galvis V, Cruz JA, Strand DD, Köhl K, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, Jahns P, Kramer DM, Armbruster U. Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:160-176. [PMID: 36378135 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding photosynthesis in natural, dynamic light environments requires knowledge of long-term acclimation, short-term responses, and their mechanistic interactions. To approach the latter, we systematically determined and characterized light-environmental effects on thylakoid ion transport-mediated short-term responses during light fluctuations. For this, Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and mutants of the Cl- channel VCCN1 and the K+ exchange antiporter KEA3 were grown under eight different light environments and characterized for photosynthesis-associated parameters and factors in steady state and during light fluctuations. For a detailed characterization of selected light conditions, we monitored ion flux dynamics at unprecedented high temporal resolution by a modified spectroscopy approach. Our analyses reveal that daily light intensity sculpts photosynthetic capacity as a main acclimatory driver with positive and negative effects on the function of KEA3 and VCCN1 during high-light phases, respectively. Fluctuations in light intensity boost the accumulation of the photoprotective pigment zeaxanthin (Zx). We show that KEA3 suppresses Zx accumulation during the day, which together with its direct proton transport activity accelerates photosynthetic transition to lower light intensities. In summary, both light-environment factors, intensity and variability, modulate the function of thylakoid ion transport in dynamic photosynthesis with distinct effects on lumen pH, Zx accumulation, photoprotection, and photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kübra Korkmaz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jeremy Ruß
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kira Skurk
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey A Cruz
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Yan J, Ye X, Song Y, Ren T, Wang C, Li X, Cong R, Lu Z, Lu J. Sufficient potassium improves inorganic phosphate-limited photosynthesis in Brassica napus by enhancing metabolic phosphorus fractions and Rubisco activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:416-429. [PMID: 36479950 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop photosynthesis (A) and productivity are often limited by a combination of nutrient stresses, such that changes in the availability of one nutrient may affect the availability of another nutrient, in turn influencing A. In this study, we examined the synergistic effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on leaf A in a nutrient amendment experiment, in which P and K were added individually or in combination to Brassica napus grown under P and K co-limitation. The data revealed that the addition of P gradually removed the dominant limiting factor (i.e. the limited availability of P) and improved leaf A. Strikingly, the addition of K synergistically improved the overall uptake of P, mainly by boosting plant growth, and compensated for the physiological demand for P by prioritizing investment in metabolic pools of P (P-containing metabolites and inorganic phosphate, Pi). The enlarged pool of metabolically active P was partially associated with the upregulation of Pi regeneration through release from triose phosphates rather than replacement of P-containing lipids. This process mitigated P restrictions on A by maintaining the ATP/NADPH and NADPH/NADP+ ratios and increasing the content and activity of Rubisco. Our findings demonstrate that sufficient K increased Pi-limited A by enhancing metabolic P fractions and Rubisco activity. Thus, ionic synergism may be exploited to mitigate nutrient-limiting factors to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Yan
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Song
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chongming Wang
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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17
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Tian T, Wang J, Wang H, Cui J, Shi X, Song J, Li W, Zhong M, Qiu Y, Xu T. Nitrogen application alleviates salt stress by enhancing osmotic balance, ROS scavenging, and photosynthesis of rapeseed seedlings ( Brassica napus). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2081419. [PMID: 35621189 PMCID: PMC9154800 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2081419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen application could alleviate salt stress on crops, but the specific physiological mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, a pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different application rates of nitrogen (0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 g·kg-1) on the growth parameters, osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and photosynthesis of rapeseed seedlings planted in the soils with different concentrations of sodium chloride (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5 g·kg-1). The results showed that nitrogen could alleviate the inhibition of salt on rapeseed growth, and improve the antioxidant enzyme activities and the contents of non-enzymatic substances, K+, soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS), and proline. Besides, there was a significant correlation between the indexes of active oxygen scavenging system, osmoregulation system, and photosynthesis. Therefore, applying appropriate amount of nitrogen can promote the growth and development of rapeseed seedlings under salt stress, accelerate the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, maintain osmotic balance, and promote photosynthesis. This study will improve our understanding on the mechanism by which nitrogen application alleviates salt stress to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianghui Song
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weidi Li
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingtao Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
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18
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Zhou L, Gao S, Yang W, Wu S, Huan L, Xie X, Wang X, Lin S, Wang G. Transcriptomic and metabolic signatures of diatom plasticity to light fluctuations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2295-2314. [PMID: 36149329 PMCID: PMC9706478 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Unlike in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, light fields in oceans fluctuate due to both horizontal current and vertical mixing. Diatoms thrive and dominate the phytoplankton community in these fluctuating light fields. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate diatom acclimation and adaptation to light fluctuations are poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing, metabolome profiling, and 13C-tracer labeling on the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The diatom acclimated to constant light conditions was transferred to six different light conditions, including constant light (CL5d), short-term (1 h) high light (sHL1h), and short-term (1 h) and long-term (5 days) mild or severe light fluctuation conditions (mFL1h, sFL1h, mFL5d, and sFL5d) that mimicked land and ocean light levels. We identified 2,673 transcripts (25% of the total expressed genes) expressed differentially under different fluctuating light regimes. We also identified 497 transcription factors, 228 not reported previously, which exhibited higher expression under light fluctuations, including 7 with a light-sensitive PAS domain (Per-period circadian protein, Arnt-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, Sim-single-minded protein) and 10 predicted to regulate genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins. Our data showed that prolonged preconditioning in severe light fluctuation enhanced photosynthesis in P. tricornutum under this condition, as evidenced by increased oxygen evolution accompanied by the upregulation of Rubisco and light-harvesting proteins. Furthermore, severe light fluctuation diverted the metabolic flux of assimilated carbon preferentially toward fatty acid storage over sugar and protein. Our results suggest that P. tricornutum use a series of complex and different responsive schemes in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism to optimize their growth under mild and severe light fluctuations. These insights underscore the importance of using more intense conditions when investigating the resilience of phytoplankton to light fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Songcui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xulei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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19
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Dukic E, Gollan PJ, Grebe S, Paakkarinen V, Herdean A, Aro EM, Spetea C. The Arabidopsis thylakoid chloride channel ClCe regulates ATP availability for light-harvesting complex II protein phosphorylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050355. [PMID: 36483957 PMCID: PMC9722747 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coping with changes in light intensity is challenging for plants, but well-designed mechanisms allow them to acclimate to most unpredicted situations. The thylakoid K+/H+ antiporter KEA3 and the voltage-dependent Cl- channel VCCN1 play important roles in light acclimation by fine-tuning electron transport and photoprotection. Good evidence exists that the thylakoid Cl- channel ClCe is involved in the regulation of photosynthesis and state transitions in conditions of low light. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of this effect is lacking. Here we report that the ClCe loss-of-function in Arabidopsis thaliana results in lower levels of phosphorylated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins as well as lower levels of the photosystem I-LHCII complexes relative to wild type (WT) in low light conditions. The phosphorylation of the photosystem II core D1/D2 proteins was less affected either in low or high light conditions. In low light conditions, the steady-state levels of ATP synthase conductivity and of the total proton flux available for ATP synthesis were lower in ClCe loss-of-function mutants, but comparable to WT at standard and high light intensity. As a long-term acclimation strategy, expression of the ClCe gene was upregulated in WT plants grown in light-limiting conditions, but not in WT plants grown in standard light even when exposed for up to 8 h to low light. Taken together, these results suggest a role of ClCe in the regulation of the ATP synthase activity which under low light conditions impacts LHCII protein phosphorylation and state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Dukic
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter J. Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virpi Paakkarinen
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Lazár D, Niu Y, Nedbal L. Insights on the regulation of photosynthesis in pea leaves exposed to oscillating light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6380-6393. [PMID: 36036782 PMCID: PMC9578350 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in nature often experience fluctuating irradiance. However, in the laboratory, the dynamics of photosynthesis are usually explored by instantaneously exposing dark-adapted plants to constant light and examining the dark-to-light transition, which is a poor approximation of natural phenomena. With the aim creating a better approximation, we exposed leaves of pea (Pisum sativum) to oscillating light and measured changes in the functioning of PSI and PSII, and of the proton motive force at the thylakoid membrane. We found that the dynamics depended on the oscillation period, revealing information about the underlying regulatory networks. As demonstrated for a selected oscillation period of 60 s, the regulation tries to keep the reaction centers of PSI and PSII open. We present an evaluation of the data obtained, and discuss the involvement of particular processes in the regulation of photosynthesis. The forced oscillations provided an information-rich fingerprint of complex regulatory networks. We expect future progress in understanding these networks from experiments involving chemical interventions and plant mutants, and by using mathematical modeling and systems identification and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yuxi Niu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Gu L, Grodzinski B, Han J, Marie T, Zhang Y, Song YC, Sun Y. Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:319-329. [PMID: 35832001 PMCID: PMC9805053 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, photosystems II and I are found in grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae, respectively. To connect them, electron carriers negotiate tortuous multi-media paths and are subject to macromolecular blocking. Why does evolution select an apparently unnecessary, inefficient bipartition? Here we systematically explain this perplexing phenomenon. We propose that grana stacks, acting like bellows in accordions, increase the degree of ultrastructural control on photosynthesis through thylakoid swelling/shrinking induced by osmotic water fluxes. This control coordinates with variations in stomatal conductance and the turgor of guard cells, which act like an accordion's air button. Thylakoid ultrastructural dynamics regulate macromolecular blocking/collision probability, direct diffusional pathlengths, division of function of Cytochrome b6 f complex between linear and cyclic electron transport, luminal pH via osmotic water fluxes, and the separation of pH dynamics between granal and lamellar lumens in response to environmental variations. With the two functionally asymmetrical photosystems located distantly from each other, the ultrastructural control, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon-reaction feedbacks maximally cooperate to balance electron transport with gas exchange, provide homeostasis in fluctuating light environments, and protect photosystems in drought. Grana stacks represent a dry/high irradiance adaptation of photosynthetic machinery to improve fitness in challenging land environments. Our theory unifies many well-known but seemingly unconnected phenomena of thylakoid structure and function in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Bernard Grodzinski
- Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
| | - Jimei Han
- School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Telesphore Marie
- Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
| | | | - Yang C. Song
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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22
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Lyu H, Lazár D. Analyzing the effect of ion binding to the membrane-surface on regulating the light-induced transthylakoid electric potential (ΔΨ m). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945675. [PMID: 35968094 PMCID: PMC9366520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transthylakoid membrane potential (ΔΨm) is essential because it can drive the ATP synthesis through the CF0-CF1 type of ATP-synthase in chloroplasts as an energetic equivalent similar to ΔpH. In addition, a high fraction of proton motive force (PMF) stored as the ΔΨm component is physiologically important in the acclimation of photosynthesis to environmental stresses. It has been shown that ΔΨm is the sum of the Donnan potential difference (ΔΨdn) and the diffusion potential difference (ΔΨd). Specifically, ΔΨdn, ΔΨd, and ΔΨm are strongly associated with the ionic activities near the membrane surface, particularly, the extent of ion binding to the charged/neutral sites adjacent to the membrane surface. However, an in-depth analysis of the effect of altered cationic binding to the membrane surface on adjusting the transthylakoid electric potentials (ΔΨdn, ΔΨd, and ΔΨm) is still missing. This lack of a mechanistic understanding is due to the experimental difficulty of closely observing cations binding to the membrane surface in vivo. In this work, a computer model was proposed to investigate the transthylakoid electric phenomena in the chloroplast focusing on the interaction between cations and the negative charges close to the membrane surface. By employing the model, we simulated the membrane potential and consequently, the measured ECS traces, proxing the ΔΨm, were well described by the computing results on continuous illumination followed by a dark-adapted period. Moreover, the computing data clarified the components of transthylakoid membrane potential, unraveled the functional consequences of altered cationic attachment to the membrane surface on adjusting the transthylakoid electric potential, and further revealed the key role played by Donnan potential in regulating the energization of the thylakoid membrane. The current model for calculating electric potentials can function as a preliminary network for the further development into a more detailed theoretical model by which multiple important variables involved in photosynthesis can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- School of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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23
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Imaizumi K, Nishimura T, Nagao R, Saito K, Nakano T, Ishikita H, Noguchi T, Ifuku K. D139N mutation of PsbP enhances the oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II through stabilized binding of a chloride ion. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac136. [PMID: 36741451 PMCID: PMC9896922 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit membrane protein complex that catalyzes light-driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. The chloride ion (Cl-) has long been known as an essential cofactor for oxygen evolution by PSII, and two Cl- ions (Cl-1 and Cl-2) have been found to specifically bind near the Mn4CaO5 cluster within the oxygen-evolving center (OEC). However, despite intensive studies on these Cl- ions, little is known about the function of Cl-2, the Cl- ion that is associated with the backbone nitrogens of D1-Asn338, D1-Phe339, and CP43-Glu354. In green plant PSII, the membrane extrinsic subunits-PsbP and PsbQ-are responsible for Cl- retention within the OEC. The Loop 4 region of PsbP, consisting of highly conserved residues Thr135-Gly142, is inserted close to Cl-2, but its importance has not been examined to date. Here, we investigated the importance of PsbP-Loop 4 using spinach PSII membranes reconstituted with spinach PsbP proteins harboring mutations in this region. Mutations in PsbP-Loop 4 had remarkable effects on the rate of oxygen evolution by PSII. Moreover, we found that a specific mutation, PsbP-D139N, significantly enhances the oxygen-evolving activity in the absence of PsbQ, but not significantly in its presence. The D139N mutation increased the Cl- retention ability of PsbP and induced a unique structural change in the OEC, as indicated by light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Our findings provide insight into the functional significance of Cl-2 in the water-oxidizing reaction of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Imaizumi
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taishi Nishimura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654 , Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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24
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Pi K, Luo W, Mo Z, Duan L, Ke Y, Wang P, Zeng S, Huang Y, Liu R. Overdominant expression of related genes of ion homeostasis improves K + content advantage in hybrid tobacco leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 35820807 PMCID: PMC9277951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium(K+) plays a vital role in improving the quality of tobacco leaves. However, how to improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves has always been a difficult problem in tobacco planting. K+ content in tobacco hybrid is characterized by heterosis, which can improve the quality of tobacco leaves, but its underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Through a two-year field experiment, G70×GDH11 with strong heterosis and K326×GDH11 with weak heterosis were screened out. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 80.89% and 57.28% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the strong and weak heterosis combinations exhibited an overdominant expression pattern, respectively. The genes that up-regulated the overdominant expression in the strong heterosis hybrids were significantly enriched in the ion homeostasis. Genes involved in K+ transport (KAT1/2, GORK, AKT2, and KEA3), activity regulation complex (CBL-CIPK5/6), and vacuole (TPKs) genes were overdominant expressed in strong heterosis hybrids, which contributed to K+ homeostasis and heterosis in tobacco leaves. CONCLUSIONS K+ homeostasis and accumulation in tobacco hybrids were collectively improved. The overdominant expression of K+ transport and homeostasis-related genes conducted a crucial role in the heterosis of K+ content in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pi
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Mo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Ke
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Pingsong Wang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuaibo Zeng
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
| | - Renxiang Liu
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
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25
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Lopez LS, Völkner C, Day PM, Lewis CM, Lewis CL, Schneider D, Correa Galvis V, Cruz JA, Armbruster U, Kramer DM, Kunz H. The Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant SALK_008491 carries a 14-kb deletion on chromosome 3 that provides rare insights into the plant response to dynamic light stress. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e429. [PMID: 35875836 PMCID: PMC9300446 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants experience rapid changes in light intensity and quality throughout the day. To maximize growth, they have established molecular mechanisms to optimize photosynthetic output while protecting components of the light-dependent reaction and CO2 fixation pathways. Plant phenotyping of mutant collections has become a powerful tool to unveil the genetic loci involved in environmental acclimation. Here, we describe the phenotyping of the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutant line SALK_008491, previously known as nhd1-1. Growth in a fluctuating light regime caused a loss in growth rate accompanied by a spike in photosystem (PS) II damage and increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Interestingly, an independent nhd1 null allele did not recapitulate the NPQ phenotype. Through bulk sequencing of a backcrossed segregating F2 pool, we identified an ~14-kb large deletion on chromosome 3 (Chr3) in SALK_008491 affecting five genes upstream of NHD1. Besides NHD1, which encodes for a putative plastid Na+/H+ antiporter, the stromal NAD-dependent D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3 (PGDH3) locus was eradicated. Although some changes in the SALK_008491 mutant's photosynthesis can be assigned to the loss of PGDH3, our follow-up studies employing respective single mutants and complementation with overlapping transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) vectors reveal that the exacerbated fluctuating light sensitivity in SALK_008491 mutants result from the simultaneous loss of PGDH3 and NHD1. Altogether, the data obtained from this large deletion-carrying mutant provide new and unintuitive insights into the molecular mechanisms that function to protect the photosynthetic machinery. Moreover, our study renews calls for caution when setting up reverse genetic studies using T-DNA lines. Although second-site insertions, indels, and SNPs have been reported before, large deletion surrounding the insertion site causes yet another problem. Nevertheless, as shown through this research, such unpredictable genetic events following T-DNA mutagenesis can provide unintuitive insights that allow for understanding complex phenomena such as the plant acclimation to dynamic high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Lopez
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Carsten Völkner
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
- Department of Plant BiochemistryLMU MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Philip M. Day
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Chance M. Lewis
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Chase L. Lewis
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Compact Plants Phenomics CenterWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Hans‐Henning Kunz
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
- Department of Plant BiochemistryLMU MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
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26
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Bae J, Lim H, Ahn J, Kim YH, Kim MS, Kim ID. Photoenergy Harvesting by Photoacid Solution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201734. [PMID: 35404527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy has seen 180 years of development since the discovery of the photovoltaic effect, having achieved the most successful commercialization in the energy-harvesting fields. Despite its long history, even the most state-of-the-art photovoltaics remain confined to solid-state devices, limiting spatial and light utilization efficiencies. Herein, a liquid-state photoenergy harvester based on a photoacid (PA), a chemical that releases protons upon light irradiation and recombines with them in the dark through a fully reversible reaction, is demonstrated. Asymmetric light exposure on a PA solution contained in a transparent tube generates a pH gradient (ΔpH = 2) along the exposed and dark regions, which charges the Nernst potential up to 0.7 V across the two electrodes embedded at each end, as if a capacitor. Owing to the reversibility of PAs, a PA-driven liquid-state photoenergy harvester (PLPH) generates capacitive currents up to 0.72 mA m-2 on an irradiation. Notably, the transparent nature of the PLPH enables vertical stacking up to 25 units, which multiplies the light-harvesting efficiencies by over 1000%. This unique approach provides a new route to harness solar energy with a form-factor-free design that maximizes spatial and light-use efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeong Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Haeseong Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwa Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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27
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Genetic Dissection of Light-Regulated Adventitious Root Induction in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105301. [PMID: 35628112 PMCID: PMC9140560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photomorphogenic responses of etiolated seedlings include the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and opening of the apical hook. In addition, dark-grown seedlings respond to light by the formation of adventitious roots (AR) on the hypocotyl. How light signaling controls adventitious rooting is less well understood. Hereto, we analyzed adventitious rooting under different light conditions in wild type and photomorphogenesis mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Etiolation was not essential for AR formation but raised the competence to form AR under white and blue light. The blue light receptors CRY1 and PHOT1/PHOT2 are key elements contributing to the induction of AR formation in response to light. Furthermore, etiolation-controlled competence for AR formation depended on the COP9 signalosome, E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP1), the COP1 interacting SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) kinase family members (SPA1,2 and 3) and Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIF). In contrast, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), suppressed AR formation. These findings provide a genetic framework that explains the high and low AR competence of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls that were treated with dark, and light, respectively. We propose that light-induced auxin signal dissipation generates a transient auxin maximum that explains AR induction by a dark to light switch.
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28
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Cryo-EM structures of thylakoid-located voltage-dependent chloride channel VCCN1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2505. [PMID: 35523970 PMCID: PMC9076864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light reaction of plant photosynthesis, modulation of electron transport chain reactions is important to maintain the efficiency of photosynthesis under a broad range of light intensities. VCCN1 was recently identified as a voltage-gated chloride channel residing in the thylakoid membrane, where it plays a key role in photoreaction tuning to avoid the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of Malus domestica VCCN1 (MdVCCN1) in nanodiscs and detergent at 2.7 Å and 3.0 Å resolutions, respectively, and the structure-based electrophysiological analyses. VCCN1 structurally resembles its animal homolog, bestrophin, a Ca2+-gated anion channel. However, unlike bestrophin channels, VCCN1 lacks the Ca2+-binding motif but instead contains an N-terminal charged helix that is anchored to the lipid membrane through an additional amphipathic helix. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrate that these structural elements are essential for the channel activity, thus revealing the distinct activation mechanism of VCCN1.
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29
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Zheng S, Su M, Shi Z, Gao H, Ma C, Zhu S, Zhang L, Wu G, Wu W, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang T. Exogenous sucrose influences KEA1 and KEA2 to regulate abscisic acid-mediated primary root growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111209. [PMID: 35193734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis K+-efflux antiporter (KEA)1 and KEA2 are chloroplast inner envelope membrane K+/H+ antiporters that play an important role in plastid development and seedling growth. However, the function of KEA1 and KEA2 during early seedling development is poorly understood. In this work, we found that in Arabidopsis, KEA1 and KEA2 mediated primary root growth by regulating photosynthesis and the ABA signaling pathway. Phenotypic analyses revealed that in the absence of sucrose, the primary root length of the kea1kea2 mutant was significantly shorter than that of the wild-type Columbia-0 (Col-0) plant. However, this phenotype could be remedied by the external application of sucrose. Meanwhile, HPLC-MS/MS results showed that in sucrose-free medium, ABA accumulation in the kea1kea2 mutant was considerably lower than that in Col-0. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many key genes involved in ABA signals were repressed in the kea1kea2 mutant. We concluded that KEA1 and KEA2 deficiency not only affected photosynthesis but was also involved in primary root growth likely through an ABA-dependent manner. This study confirmed the new function of KEA1 and KEA2 in affecting primary root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Min Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhongfei Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Haixia Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guofan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wangze Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tengguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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30
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Seydoux C, Storti M, Giovagnetti V, Matuszyńska A, Guglielmino E, Zhao X, Giustini C, Pan Y, Blommaert L, Angulo J, Ruban AV, Hu H, Bailleul B, Courtois F, Allorent G, Finazzi G. Impaired photoprotection in Phaeodactylum tricornutum KEA3 mutants reveals the proton regulatory circuit of diatoms light acclimation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:578-591. [PMID: 35092009 PMCID: PMC9306478 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are successful phytoplankton clades able to acclimate to changing environmental conditions, including e.g. variable light intensity. Diatoms are outstanding at dissipating light energy exceeding the maximum photosynthetic electron transfer (PET) capacity via the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) process. While the molecular effectors of NPQ as well as the involvement of the proton motive force (PMF) in its regulation are known, the regulators of the PET/PMF relationship remain unidentified in diatoms. We generated mutants of the H+ /K+ antiporter KEA3 in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Loss of KEA3 activity affects the PET/PMF coupling and NPQ responses at the onset of illumination, during transients and in steady-state conditions. Thus, this antiporter is a main regulator of the PET/PMF coupling. Consistent with this conclusion, a parsimonious model including only two free components, KEA3 and the diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase, describes most of the feedback loops between PET and NPQ. This simple regulatory system allows for efficient responses to fast (minutes) or slow (e.g. diel) changes in light environment, thanks to the presence of a regulatory calcium ion (Ca2+ )-binding domain in KEA3 modulating its activity. This circuit is likely tuned by the NPQ-effector proteins, LHCXs, providing diatoms with the required flexibility to thrive in different ocean provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Seydoux
- CNRSCEAINRAEIRIGLPCVUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
| | - Mattia Storti
- CNRSCEAINRAEIRIGLPCVUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
| | - Vasco Giovagnetti
- Departement of BiochemistryQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE14NSUK
| | - Anna Matuszyńska
- Computational Life ScienceDepartment of BiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | | | - Xue Zhao
- CNRSCEAINRAEIRIGLPCVUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
| | - Cécile Giustini
- CNRSCEAINRAEIRIGLPCVUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal BiologyInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China
| | - Lander Blommaert
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light Sensing in MicroalgaeInstitut de Biologie Physico ChimiqueCNRSSorbonne UniversitéParis75005France
| | - Jhoanell Angulo
- CNRSCEAINRAEIRIGLPCVUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Departement of BiochemistryQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE14NSUK
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal BiologyInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light Sensing in MicroalgaeInstitut de Biologie Physico ChimiqueCNRSSorbonne UniversitéParis75005France
| | | | | | - Giovanni Finazzi
- CNRSCEAINRAEIRIGLPCVUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
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Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Takaichi S, Nakahira Y, Masuda S. Lack of plastid-encoded Ycf10, a homolog of the nuclear-encoded DLDG1 and the cyanobacterial PxcA, enhances the induction of non-photochemical quenching in tobacco. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e368. [PMID: 34938941 PMCID: PMC8671777 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
pH homeostasis in the chloroplast is crucial for the control of photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plants. Recently, nuclear-encoded Day-Length-dependent Delayed Greening1 (DLDG1) and Fluctuating-Light Acclimation Protein1 (FLAP1) that are required for the light-inducible optimization of plastidial pH in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified. DLDG1 and FLAP1 homologs are specifically conserved in oxygenic phototrophs, and a DLDG1 homolog, Ycf10, is encoded in the chloroplast genome in plant cells. However, the function of Ycf10 and its physiological significance are unknown. To address this, we constructed ycf10 tobacco Nicotiana tabacum mutants and characterized their phenotypes. The ycf10 tobacco mutants grown under continuous-light conditions showed a pale-green phenotype only in developing leaves, and it was suppressed in short-day conditions. The ycf10 mutants also induced excessive non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) compared with those in the wild-type at the induction stage of photosynthesis. These phenotypes resemble those of Arabidopsis dldg1 mutants, suggesting that they have similar functions. However, there are distinct differences between the two mutant phenotypes: The highly induced NPQ in tobacco ycf10 and the Arabidopsis dldg1 mutants are diminished and enhanced, respectively, with increasing duration of the fluctuating actinic-light illumination. Ycf10 and DLDG1 were previously shown to localize in chloroplast envelope-membranes, suggesting that Ycf10 and DLDG1 differentially control H+ exchange across these membranes in a light-dependent manner to control photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | | | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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Kanazawa A, Chattopadhyay A, Kuhlgert S, Tuitupou H, Maiti T, Kramer DM. Light potentials of photosynthetic energy storage in the field: what limits the ability to use or dissipate rapidly increased light energy? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211102. [PMID: 34925868 PMCID: PMC8672073 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The responses of plant photosynthesis to rapid fluctuations in environmental conditions are critical for efficient conversion of light energy. These responses are not well-seen laboratory conditions and are difficult to probe in field environments. We demonstrate an open science approach to this problem that combines multifaceted measurements of photosynthesis and environmental conditions, and an unsupervised statistical clustering approach. In a selected set of data on mint (Mentha sp.), we show that 'light potentials' for linear electron flow and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) upon rapid light increases are strongly suppressed in leaves previously exposed to low ambient photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or low leaf temperatures, factors that can act both independently and cooperatively. Further analyses allowed us to test specific mechanisms. With decreasing leaf temperature or PAR, limitations to photosynthesis during high light fluctuations shifted from rapidly induced NPQ to photosynthetic control of electron flow at the cytochrome b6f complex. At low temperatures, high light induced lumen acidification, but did not induce NPQ, leading to accumulation of reduced electron transfer intermediates, probably inducing photodamage, revealing a potential target for improving the efficiency and robustness of photosynthesis. We discuss the implications of the approach for open science efforts to understand and improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kanazawa
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sebastian Kuhlgert
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hainite Tuitupou
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tapabrata Maiti
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David M. Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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