1
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Shalash W, Forcier R, Higgins AZ, Giers MB. Cryopreserving the intact intervertebral disc without compromising viability. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1351. [PMID: 39104830 PMCID: PMC11299906 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue cryopreservation requires saturation of the structure with cryoprotectants (CPAs) that are also toxic to cells within a short timeframe unless frozen. The race between CPA delivery and cell death is the main barrier to realizing transplantation banks that can indefinitely preserve tissues and organs. Unrealistic cost and urgency leaves less life-threatening ailments unable to capitalize on traditional organ transplantation systems that immediately match and transport unfrozen organs. For instance, human intervertebral discs (IVD) could be transplanted to treat back pain or used as ex vivo models for studying regenerative therapies, but both face logistical hurdles in organ acquisition and transport. Here we aimed to overcome those challenges by cryopreserving intact IVDs using compressive loading and swelling to accelerate CPA delivery. Methods CPAs were tested on bovine nucleus pulposus cells to determine the least cytotoxic solution. Capitalizing on our CPAs Computed Tomography (CT) contrast enhancement, we imaged and quantified saturation time in intact bovine IVDs under different conditions in a bioreactor. Finally, the entire protocol was tested, including 1 week of frozen storage, to confirm tissue viability in multiple IVD regions after thawing. Results Results showed cryopreserving medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol gave over 7.5 h before cytotoxicity. While non-loaded IVDs required over 3 days to fully saturate, a dynamic loading protocol followed by CPA addition and free-swelling decreased saturation time to <5 h. After cryopreserving IVDs for 1 week with the optimized CPA and permeation method, all IVD regions had 85% cell viability, not significantly different from fresh unfrozen controls. Conclusions This study created a novel solution to a roadblock in IVD research and development. Using post-compression swelling CPA can be delivered to an intact IVD over 20× more quickly than previous methods, enabling cryopreservation of the IVD with no detectable loss in cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Shalash
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Ryan Forcier
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Adam Z. Higgins
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Morgan B. Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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2
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Goral VN, Hong Y, Scibek JJ, Sun Y, Romeo LE, Rao A, Manning D, Zhou Y, Schultes JA, Tjong V, Pikula D, Krebs KA, Ferrie AM, Kramel S, Weber JL, Upton TM, Fang Y, Melkoumian Z. Innovative fixed bed bioreactor platform: Enabling linearly scalable adherent cell biomanufacturing with real-time biomass prediction from nutrient consumption. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300635. [PMID: 39167554 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Scalable single-use adherent cell-based biomanufacturing platforms are essential for unlocking the full potential of cell and gene therapies. The primary objective of this study is to design and develop a novel fixed bed bioreactor platform tailored specifically for scaling up adherent cell culture. The bioreactor comprises a packed bed of vertically stacked woven polyethylene terephthalate mesh discs, sandwiched between two-fluid guide plates. Leveraging computational fluid dynamics modeling, we optimized bioreactor design to achieve uniform flow with minimal shear stress. Residence time distribution measurements demonstrated excellent flow uniformity with plug flow characteristics. Periodic media sampling coupled with offline analysis revealed minimal gradients of crucial metabolites (glucose, glutamine, lactate, and ammonia) across the bioreactor during cell growth. Furthermore, the bioreactor platform demonstrated high performance in automated cell harvesting, with ≈96% efficiency and ≈98% viability. It also exhibited linear scalability in both operational parameters and performance for cell culture and adeno-associated virus vector production. We developed mathematical models based on oxygen uptake rates to accurately predict cell growth curves and estimate biomass in real-time. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed fixed-bed bioreactor platform in enabling scalable adherent cell-based biomanufacturing with high productivity and process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy N Goral
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Yulong Hong
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Jeffery J Scibek
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Yujian Sun
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Lori E Romeo
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Abhijit Rao
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Manning
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Joel A Schultes
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Vinalia Tjong
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Dragan Pikula
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen A Krebs
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Ann M Ferrie
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Kramel
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Weber
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Todd M Upton
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Ye Fang
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
| | - Zara Melkoumian
- Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York, USA
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3
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Semrau S. Neural Network-Based Filter Design for Compressive Raman Classification of Cells. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5402-5412. [PMID: 38959402 PMCID: PMC11267571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are bound to revolutionize medicine, but significant technical hurdles must be overcome before wider adoption. In particular, nondestructive, label-free methods to characterize cells in real time are needed to optimize the production process and improve quality control. Raman spectroscopy, which provides a fingerprint of a cell's chemical composition, would be an ideal modality but is too slow for high-throughput applications. Compressive Raman techniques, which measure only linear combinations of Raman intensities, can be fast but require careful optimization to deliver high performance. Here, we develop a neural network model to identify optimal parameters for a compressive sensing scheme that reduces measurement time by 2 orders of magnitude. In a data set containing Raman spectra of three different cell types, it achieves up to 90% classification accuracy using only five linear combinations of Raman intensities. Our method thus unlocks the power of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of cell products.
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4
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Selvarajan V, Teo DBL, Chang CC, Ng YL, Cheong N, Sivalingam J, Khoo SHG, Wong A, Loo BLW. Piloting a scale-up platform for high-quality human T-cells production. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1427171. [PMID: 39071806 PMCID: PMC11282488 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1427171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies are an innovative solution to various severe diseases and unfulfilled needs. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), a form of cellular immunotherapies, has been favored in recent years due to the approval of chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T products. Market research indicates that the industry's value is predicted to reach USD 24.4 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5%. More importantly, ACT is recognized as the hope and future of effective, personalized cancer treatment for healthcare practitioners and patients worldwide. The significant global momentum of this therapeutic approach underscores the urgent need to establish it as a practical and standardized method. It is essential to understand how cell culture conditions affect the expansion and differentiation of T-cells. However, there are ongoing challenges in ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of the manufacturing process. The current study evaluated various adoptive T-cell culture platforms to achieve large-scale production of several billion cells and high-quality cellular output with minimal cell death. It examined factors such as bioreactor parameters, media, supplements and stimulation. This research addresses the fundamental challenges of scalability and reproducibility in manufacturing, which are essential for making adoptive T-cell therapy an accessible and powerful new class of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viknesvaran Selvarajan
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denise Bei Lin Teo
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaw-Chiea Chang
- Chemical Engineering, Newcastle University in Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen Ling Ng
- Chemical Engineering, Newcastle University in Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nge Cheong
- Quintech Life Sciences Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Adison Wong
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernard Liat Wen Loo
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Rusch G, Wang J, Breau K, Kilgour K, Gilleskie G, Keele J, Selle K, Magness ST, Menegatti S, Daniele M. Comparative Approaches for Quantification of Product Yield in a Model Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Expressed in E. coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600411. [PMID: 38979374 PMCID: PMC11230288 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) used to monitor and control manufacturing processes are crucial for efficient and automated bioprocessing, which is in congruence with lights-off-manufacturing and Industry 4.0 initiatives. As biomanufacturing seeks to realize more high-throughput and automated operation, an increasing need for multimodal analysis of process metrics becomes essential. Herein, we detail a series of methods for analyzing product yield from a bioreactor and how to conduct cross-method comparisons. We employ a model system of Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is a simple, cost effective model for students and educators to replicate at different scales. GFP is an ideal analytical marker as it is easy to visualize due to its fluorescence which indicates cellular protein expression, cell localization and physiological changes of the cell population. In this study, samples from a 300 L bioreactor with GFP-expressing E. coli are analyzed to improve product yield and bioprocessing efficiency. Utilizing a fed-batch process for enhanced cell density and product titer, this bioreactor runs on a 24-hour schedule from inoculation to GFP induction and final harvest. To reliably quantify relative GFP expression and E. coli proliferation, we provide simple protocols and example results for comparing three different analytical methods: (1) in-line bioreactor measurements, (2) plate reader assays, and (3) microscopy. The GFP and cell density results follow similar trends based on the various inline and offline analytical methods and show a peak of GFP expression and cell density between 12.5 and 18 hours post inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rusch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606 (USA)
| | - Junhyeong Wang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Keith Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Katie Kilgour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Gary Gilleskie
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Jeff Keele
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Kurt Selle
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606 (USA)
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6
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Sin WX, Jagannathan NS, Teo DBL, Kairi F, Fong SY, Tan JHL, Sandikin D, Cheung KW, Luah YH, Wu X, Raymond JJ, Lim FLWI, Lee YH, Seng MSF, Soh SY, Chen Q, Ram RJ, Tucker-Kellogg L, Birnbaum ME. A high-density microfluidic bioreactor for the automated manufacturing of CAR T cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01219-1. [PMID: 38834752 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The manufacturing of autologous chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells largely relies either on fed-batch and manual processes that often lack environmental monitoring and control or on bioreactors that cannot be easily scaled out to meet patient demands. Here we show that human primary T cells can be activated, transduced and expanded to high densities in a 2 ml automated closed-system microfluidic bioreactor to produce viable anti-CD19 CAR T cells (specifically, more than 60 million CAR T cells from donor cells derived from patients with lymphoma and more than 200 million CAR T cells from healthy donors). The in vitro secretion of cytokines, the short-term cytotoxic activity and the long-term persistence and proliferation of the cell products, as well as their in vivo anti-leukaemic activity, were comparable to those of T cells produced in a gas-permeable well. The manufacturing-process intensification enabled by the miniaturized perfusable bioreactor may facilitate the analysis of the growth and metabolic states of CAR T cells during ex vivo culture, the high-throughput optimization of cell-manufacturing processes and the scale out of cell-therapy manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Sin
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Suhas Jagannathan
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denise Bei Lin Teo
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faris Kairi
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shin Yie Fong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Heng Loong Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dedy Sandikin
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka-Wai Cheung
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Hoon Luah
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua Jebaraj Raymond
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng Lim
- Advanced Cell Therapy and Research Institute, Singapore (ACTRIS), Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation, Singapore (CRIS), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michaela Su-Fern Seng
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cell Therapy Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajeev J Ram
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Michael E Birnbaum
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Jovanovic VM, Mesch KT, Tristan CA. hPSC-Derived Astrocytes at the Forefront of Translational Applications in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2024; 13:903. [PMID: 38891034 PMCID: PMC11172187 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment or abnormalities of typical astrocyte functions in the CNS serve as a causative or contributing factor in numerous neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, disease-modeling and drug-screening approaches, primarily focused on human astrocytes, rely on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived astrocytes. However, it is important to acknowledge that these hPSC-derived astrocytes exhibit notable differences across studies and when compared to their in vivo counterparts. These differences may potentially compromise translational outcomes if not carefully accounted for. This review aims to explore state-of-the-art in vitro models of human astrocyte development, focusing on the developmental processes, functional maturity, and technical aspects of various hPSC-derived astrocyte differentiation protocols. Additionally, it summarizes their successful application in modeling neurological disorders. The discussion extends to recent advancements in the large-scale production of human astrocytes and their application in developing high-throughput assays conducive to therapeutic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vukasin M. Jovanovic
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA (C.A.T.)
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8
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Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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9
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Bissoyi A, Gao Y, Tomás RMF, Kinney NLH, Whale TF, Guo Q, Gibson MI. Cryopreservation and Rapid Recovery of Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Cells at Complex Transwell Interfaces Is Enabled by Chemically Induced Ice Nucleation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38671549 PMCID: PMC11082836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based models, such as organ-on-chips, can replace and inform in vivo (animal) studies for drug discovery, toxicology, and biomedical science, but most cannot be banked "ready to use" as they do not survive conventional cryopreservation with DMSO alone. Here, we demonstrate how macromolecular ice nucleators enable the successful cryopreservation of epithelial intestinal models supported upon the interface of transwells, allowing recovery of function in just 7 days post-thaw directly from the freezer, compared to 21 days from conventional suspension cryopreservation. Caco-2 cells and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures are cryopreserved on transwell inserts, with chemically induced ice nucleation at warmer temperatures resulting in increased cell viability but crucially retaining the complex cellular adhesion on the transwell insert interfaces, which other cryoprotectants do not. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurements, confocal microscopy, histology, and whole-cell proteomics demonstrated the rapid recovery of differentiated cell function, including the formation of tight junctions. Lucifer yellow permeability assays confirmed that the barrier functions of the cells were intact. This work will help solve the long-standing problem of transwell tissue barrier model storage, facilitating access to advanced predictive cellular models. This is underpinned by precise control of the nucleation temperature, addressing a crucial biophysical mode of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Cryologyx
Ltd, Venture Centre, University of Warwick
Science Park, Coventry CV4 7EZ, U.K.
| | - Nina L. H. Kinney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Royal
Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, U.K.
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School
of Earth and Environment, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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10
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Kim H, Kim S, Lim H, Chung AJ. Expanding CAR-T cell immunotherapy horizons through microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1088-1120. [PMID: 38174732 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly in hematological malignancies. However, their application to solid tumors is limited, and they face challenges in safety, scalability, and cost. To enhance current CAR-T cell therapies, the integration of microfluidic technologies, harnessing their inherent advantages, such as reduced sample consumption, simplicity in operation, cost-effectiveness, automation, and high scalability, has emerged as a powerful solution. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the step-by-step manufacturing process of CAR-T cells, identifies existing difficulties at each production stage, and discusses the successful implementation of microfluidics and related technologies in addressing these challenges. Furthermore, this review investigates the potential of microfluidics-based methodologies in advancing cell-based therapy across various applications, including solid tumors, next-generation CAR constructs, T-cell receptors, and the development of allogeneic "off-the-shelf" CAR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- MxT Biotech, 04785 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Oppler SH, Hocum Stone LL, Leishman DJ, Janecek JL, Moore MEG, Rangarajan P, Willenberg BJ, O’Brien TD, Modiano J, Pheil N, Dalton J, Dalton M, Ramachandran S, Graham ML. A bioengineered artificial interstitium supports long-term islet xenograft survival in nonhuman primates without immunosuppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4919. [PMID: 38181083 PMCID: PMC10776017 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold promise for many chronic conditions; however, the continued need for immunosuppression along with challenges in replacing cells to improve durability or retrieving cells for safety are major obstacles. We subcutaneously implanted a device engineered to exploit the innate transcapillary hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure generating ultrafiltrate to mimic interstitium. Long-term stable accumulation of ultrafiltrate was achieved in both rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) that was chemically similar to serum and achieved capillary blood oxygen concentration. The majority of adult pig islet grafts transplanted in non-immunosuppressed NHPs resulted in xenograft survival >100 days. Stable cytokine levels, normal neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and a lack of immune cell infiltration demonstrated successful immunoprotection and averted typical systemic changes related to xenograft transplant, especially inflammation. This approach eliminates the need for immunosuppression and permits percutaneous access for loading, reloading, biopsy, and recovery to de-risk the use of "unlimited" xenogeneic cell sources to realize widespread clinical translation of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Oppler
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - David J. Leishman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jody L. Janecek
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Meghan E. G. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Bradley J. Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Timothy D. O’Brien
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jaime Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Natan Pheil
- Cell-Safe LifeSciences, Skokie, IL, USA
- Medline UNITE Foot and Ankle, Medline Industries LP, 3 Lakes Drive, Northfield, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melanie L. Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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12
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Slusher GA, Kottke PA, Culberson AL, Chilmonczyk MA, Fedorov AG. Microfluidics enabled multi-omics triple-shot mass spectrometry for cell-based therapies. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:011302. [PMID: 38268742 PMCID: PMC10807926 DOI: 10.1063/5.0175178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, cell-based therapies have transformed medical treatment. These therapies present a multitude of challenges associated with identifying the mechanism of action, developing accurate safety and potency assays, and achieving low-cost product manufacturing at scale. The complexity of the problem can be attributed to the intricate composition of the therapeutic products: living cells with complex biochemical compositions. Identifying and measuring critical quality attributes (CQAs) that impact therapy success is crucial for both the therapy development and its manufacturing. Unfortunately, current analytical methods and tools for identifying and measuring CQAs are limited in both scope and speed. This Perspective explores the potential for microfluidic-enabled mass spectrometry (MS) systems to comprehensively characterize CQAs for cell-based therapies, focusing on secretome, intracellular metabolome, and surfaceome biomarkers. Powerful microfluidic sampling and processing platforms have been recently presented for the secretome and intracellular metabolome, which could be implemented with MS for fast, locally sampled screening of the cell culture. However, surfaceome analysis remains limited by the lack of rapid isolation and enrichment methods. Developing innovative microfluidic approaches for surface marker analysis and integrating them with secretome and metabolome measurements using a common analytical platform hold the promise of enhancing our understanding of CQAs across all "omes," potentially revolutionizing cell-based therapy development and manufacturing for improved efficacy and patient accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A. Kottke
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
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13
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Allahham N, Colic I, Rayner MLD, Gurnani P, Phillips JB, Rahim AA, Williams GR. Advanced Formulation Approaches for Emerging Therapeutic Technologies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:343-365. [PMID: 37733107 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In addition to proteins, discussed in the Chapter "Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants: Nanomaterials and Small Molecules", there are a wide range of alternatives to small molecule active ingredients. Cells, extracellular vesicles, and nucleic acids in particular have attracted increasing research attention in recent years. There are now a number of products on the market based on these emerging technologies, the most famous of which are the mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-COV-2. These advanced therapeutic moieties are challenging to formulate however, and there remain significant challenges for their more widespread use. In this chapter, we consider the potential and bottlenecks for developing further medical products based on these systems. Cells, extracellular vesicles, and nucleic acids will be discussed in terms of their mechanism of action, the key requirements for translation, and how advanced formulation approaches can aid their future development. These points will be presented with selected examples from the literature, and with a focus on the formulations which have made the transition to clinical trials and clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Allahham
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ines Colic
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pratik Gurnani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Song Y, Tian C, Lee Y, Yoon M, Yoon SE, Cho SY. Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry: Advances and Opportunities in Cellular Therapy and Precision Medicine. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:393-403. [PMID: 38145025 PMCID: PMC10740128 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
With the definition of therapeutics now encompassing transplanted or engineered cells and their molecular products, there is a growing scientific necessity for analytics to understand this new category of drugs. This Perspective highlights the recent development of new measurement science on label-free single cell analysis, nanosensor chemical cytometry (NCC), and their potential for cellular therapeutics and precision medicine. NCC is based on microfluidics integrated with fluorescent nanosensor arrays utilizing the optical lensing effect of a single cell to real-time extract molecular properties and correlate them with physical attributes of single cells. This new class of cytometry can quantify the heterogeneity of the multivariate physicochemical attributes of the cell populations in a completely label-free and nondestructive way and, thus, suggest the vein-to-vein conditions for the safe therapeutic applications. After the introduction of the NCC technology, we suggest the technological development roadmap for the maturation of the new field: from the sensor/chip design perspective to the system/software development level based on hardware automation and deep learning data analytics. The advancement of this new single cell sensing technology is anticipated to aid rich and multivariate single cell data setting and support safe and reliable cellular therapeutics. This new measurement science can lead to data-driven personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Song
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyu Tian
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yullim Lee
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeong Yoon
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division
of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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15
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Echeverría-Altamar K, Alvarado-Hernandez BB, Resto-Irizarry P, Romañach RJ. Identification of Four Similar Cell Culture Media According to their Glucose, Glutamine, and Pyruvate Content by Handheld Raman Spectroscopy. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2859-2871. [PMID: 37594593 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study describes the first efforts to build a spectral library to identify four cell culture media in powder form with spectra obtained with a handheld Raman spectrometer. These complex mixtures contain over 30 components and are among the most widely used cell culture media. METHODS A total of 32 spectra were collected for the four Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium cell culture media and pure materials (glucose and L-glutamine) in powder form. The spectra were preprocessed using standard normal variate with second derivative, and the barcode method before performing principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS The PCA model differentiated the pure glucose and the cell culture media according to the glucose concentration along the first principal component. The second principal component differentiated the three cell culture media with high glucose content according to the pyruvate concentration. The correlation coefficient showed that powdered cell culture media with high glucose concentration have a higher correlation with pure glucose, when compared with the cell culture media with low glucose. CONCLUSION The Raman spectra made it possible to differentiate the four DMEM in the cell culture media from the majority of the external samples used in the method evaluation. However, sample heterogeneity affected the predictions. Additional studies are needed to improve the method's ability to differentiate the DMEM with high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Resto-Irizarry
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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16
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Mai M, Luo S, Fasciano S, Oluwole TE, Ortiz J, Pang Y, Wang S. Morphology-based deep learning approach for predicting adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329840. [PMID: 38099293 PMCID: PMC10720363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with the potential to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. These cells have been extensively employed in the field of cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine due to their inherent attributes of self-renewal and multipotency. Traditional approaches for assessing hMSCs differentiation capacity have relied heavily on labor-intensive techniques, such as RT-PCR, immunostaining, and Western blot, to identify specific biomarkers. However, these methods are not only time-consuming and economically demanding, but also require the fixation of cells, resulting in the loss of temporal data. Consequently, there is an emerging need for a more efficient and precise approach to predict hMSCs differentiation in live cells, particularly for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In response to this need, we developed innovative approaches that combine live-cell imaging with cutting-edge deep learning techniques, specifically employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) to meticulously classify osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Specifically, four notable pre-trained CNN models, VGG 19, Inception V3, ResNet 18, and ResNet 50, were developed and tested for identifying adipogenic and osteogenic differentiated cells based on cell morphology changes. We rigorously evaluated the performance of these four models concerning binary and multi-class classification of differentiated cells at various time intervals, focusing on pivotal metrics such as accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, precision, and F1-score. Among these four different models, ResNet 50 has proven to be the most effective choice with the highest accuracy (0.9572 for binary, 0.9474 for multi-class) and AUC (0.9958 for binary, 0.9836 for multi-class) in both multi-class and binary classification tasks. Although VGG 19 matched the accuracy of ResNet 50 in both tasks, ResNet 50 consistently outperformed it in terms of AUC, underscoring its superior effectiveness in identifying differentiated cells. Overall, our study demonstrated the capability to use a CNN approach to predict stem cell fate based on morphology changes, which will potentially provide insights for the application of cell-based therapy and advance our understanding of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Mai
- Department of Mathematics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samantha Fasciano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Timilehin Esther Oluwole
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Justin Ortiz
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yulei Pang
- Department of Mathematics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
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17
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Yu T, Jhita N, Shankles P, Fedanov A, Kramer N, Raikar SS, Sulchek T. Development of a microfluidic cell transfection device into gene-edited CAR T cell manufacturing workflow. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4804-4820. [PMID: 37830228 PMCID: PMC10701762 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00311f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic reprogramming of immune cells to recognize and target tumor cells offers a possibility of long-term cure. Cell therapies, however, lack simple and affordable manufacturing workflows, especially to genetically edit immune cells to more effectively target cancer cells and avoid immune suppression mechanisms. Microfluidics is a pathway to improve the manufacturing precision of gene modified cells. However, to date, it remains to be demonstrated that microfluidic treatment preserves the functionality of T cell products in a complete workflow. In this study, we used microfluidics to perform CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of CD5, a negative T-cell regulator, followed by the insertion of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transgene via lentiviral vector transduction to generate CAR T cells targeted against the B cell antigen CD19. As part of the workflow, we have optimized a microfluidic device that relies on convective volume exchange between cells and surrounding fluid to deliver guide RNA and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein to primary T cells. We comprehensively tested critical design features of the device to improve the gene-edited product yield. By combining high-speed video and cell mechanics measurements using the atomic force microscope, we validate a model that relates the device design features to cell properties. Our findings showed enhanced performance was obtained by focusing the cells to counteract the flow resistance caused by the ridge constrictions, providing a ridge layout that allows sufficient cycles of compression and time for volume recovery, and including a gutter to clear aggregates that could reduce cell viability. The optimized device was used in a workflow to generate CD5-knockout CD19 CAR T cells. The microfluidics approach resulted in >60% CD5 editing efficiency, ≥80% cell viability, similar memory phenotype composition as unprocessed cells, and superior cell growth. The microfluidics workflow yielded 4-fold increase of edited T cells compared to an electroporation workflow post-expansion. The transduced CAR T cells showed similar transduction efficiency and cytotoxicity against CD19-positive leukemia cells. Moreover, patient-derived T cells showed the ability to be similarly edited, though their distinct biomechanics resulted in slightly lower outcomes. Microfluidics-based manufacturing is a promising path towards more productive clinical manufacturing of gene edited CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Navdeep Jhita
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Drive, Health Sciences Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Peter Shankles
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA.
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Drive, Health Sciences Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Noah Kramer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sunil S Raikar
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Drive, Health Sciences Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Todd Sulchek
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA.
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18
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Weng L. Cell Therapy Drug Product Development: Technical Considerations and Challenges. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2615-2620. [PMID: 37549846 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy uses living cells as a drug to treat diseases. To develop a cell therapy drug product (DP), cryopreservation plays a central role in extending the shelf life of these living medicines by pausing their biological activities, especially preventing degradation, at a temperature as low as liquid nitrogen. This helps overcome the temporal and geographical gaps between centralized manufacturing and clinical administration, as well as allowing sufficient time for full release testing and flexibility in scheduling patients for administration. Cryopreservation determines or influences several key manufacturing, logistical, or clinical in-use processes, including formulation, filling, controlled rate freezing, cryogenic storage and transportation, thawing, and dose preparation. This article overviews the key technical aspects of cell therapy DP development and elucidates fundamental principles of cryobiology that should be considered when we design and optimize the relevant processes. This article also discusses the challenges that motivate continued innovation for cell therapy drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Weng
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., United States.
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19
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Nitta CF, Pierce M, Elia J, Ruiz J, Hipol AD, Fong N, Qazi H, Kessel S, Kuksin D, Mejia E, Lin B, Smith T, Croteau J, Schrantz N, Yang X, Chan LLY. A rapid and high-throughput T cell immunophenotyping assay for cellular therapy bioprocess using the Cellaca® PLX image cytometer. J Immunol Methods 2023; 521:113538. [PMID: 37597726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In cellular therapies chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or NK cells undergo phenotypic analysis at multiple stages during discovery and development of novel therapies. Patient samples are routinely analyzed via flow cytometry for population identification and distribution of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T cells. As an alternative or orthogonal method, image cytometry systems have been used to perform simple cell-based assays in lieu of flow cytometry. Recently, a new image cytometry system, the Cellaca® PLX (Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA), was developed for high-throughput cell counting and viability, immunophenotyping, transfection/transduction efficiency, and cell health assays. This novel instrument allows investigators to quickly assess several critical quality attributes (CQAs) such as cell identity, viability, and other relevant biological functions recommended by the International Organization for Standardization using the ISO Cell Characterization documents focused on cellular therapeutic products. In this work, we demonstrate a rapid and high-throughput image cytometry detection method for cellular immunophenotyping and viability using the Cellaca PLX system for samples throughout the cellular therapy workflow. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) underwent red blood cell (RBC) lysis and CD3 enrichment. Samples were then subsequently stained with Hoechst/CD3/CD4/CD8 or Hoechst/CD3/CD8/RubyDead Dye surface marker kits and measured on the Cellaca PLX and three different flow cytometers for side-by-side comparison and assay validation. Acquisition and analysis of cell viability and cell populations was shown to be faster and more efficient process compared to flow while achieving highly comparable results between the two technology platforms. This data shows that the Cellaca PLX Image Cytometer may provide a rapid alternative or orthogonal method for PBMC immunophenotyping experiments, as well as potentially streamline the workflow to quickly move precious patient samples downstream within the development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Franco Nitta
- Department of Consumables and Reagent Development, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA.
| | - Mackenzie Pierce
- Department of Consumables and Reagent Development, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Jeanne Elia
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jen Ruiz
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Art-Danniel Hipol
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nicholas Fong
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Henry Qazi
- Department of Consumables and Reagent Development, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Sarah Kessel
- Department of Consumables and Reagent Development, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Dmitry Kuksin
- Department of Consumables and Reagent Development, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Eunice Mejia
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Timothy Smith
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Josh Croteau
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nicolas Schrantz
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xifeng Yang
- Department of Cell Analysis, BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Consumables and Reagent Development, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA; Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Revvity Health Sciences, Inc., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
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20
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Zhao Q, Du X, Wang M. Electrospinning and Cell Fibers in Biomedical Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300092. [PMID: 37166021 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human body tissues such as muscle, blood vessels, tendon/ligaments, and nerves have fiber-like fascicle morphologies, where ordered organization of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) within the bundles in specific 3D manners orchestrates cells and ECM to provide tissue functions. Through engineering cell fibers (which are fibers containing living cells) as living building blocks with the help of emerging "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies, it is now possible to reconstitute/recreate the fiber-like fascicle morphologies and their spatiotemporally specific cell-cell/cell-ECM interactions in vitro, thereby enabling the modeling, therapy, or repair of these fibrous tissues. In this article, a concise review is provided of the "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies and materials usable for fabricating cell fibers, with an emphasis on electrospinning that can effectively and efficiently produce thin cell fibers and with properly designed processes, 3D cell-laden structures that mimic those of native fibrous tissues. The importance and applications of cell fibers as models, therapeutic platforms, or analogs/replacements for tissues for areas such as drug testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering are highlighted. Challenges, in terms of biomimicry of high-order hierarchical structures and complex dynamic cellular microenvironments of native tissues, as well as opportunities for cell fibers in a myriad of biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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21
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Pérez-Baños A, Gleisner MA, Flores I, Pereda C, Navarrete M, Araya JP, Navarro G, Quezada-Monrás C, Tittarelli A, Salazar-Onfray F. Whole tumour cell-based vaccines: tuning the instruments to orchestrate an optimal antitumour immune response. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:572-585. [PMID: 37355722 PMCID: PMC10421921 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly those based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has become a useful approach for many neoplastic diseases. Despite the improvements of ICIs in supporting tumour regression and prolonging survival, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to treatment. Thus, therapies that enhance antitumour immunity, such as anticancer vaccines, constitute a feasible and promising therapeutic strategy. Whole tumour cell (WTC) vaccines have been extensively tested in clinical studies as intact or genetically modified cells or tumour lysates, injected directly or loaded on DCs with distinct adjuvants. The essential requirements of WTC vaccines include the optimal delivery of a broad battery of tumour-associated antigens, the presence of tumour cell-derived molecular danger signals, and adequate adjuvants. These factors trigger an early and robust local innate inflammatory response that orchestrates an antigen-specific and proinflammatory adaptive antitumour response capable of controlling tumour growth by several mechanisms. In this review, the strengths and weaknesses of our own and others' experiences in studying WTC vaccines are revised to discuss the essential elements required to increase anticancer vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarilis Pérez-Baños
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Araya
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanna Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Section for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Wang X, Wang E, Zhao G. Advanced cryopreservation engineering strategies: the critical step to utilize stem cell products. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 37528321 PMCID: PMC10393932 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of stem cell-related therapies and regenerative medicine, the clinical application of stem cell products is on the rise. However, ensuring the effectiveness of these products after storage and transportation remains a challenge in the transformation to clinical trials. Cryopreservation technology allows for the long-term storage of cells while ensuring viability, making it a top priority for stem cell preservation. The field of cryopreservation-related engineering technologies is thriving, and this review provides an overview of the background and basic principles of cryopreservation. It then delves into the main bioengineering technologies and strategies used in cryopreservation, including photothermal and electromagnetic rewarming, microencapsulation, and synergetic ice inhibition. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in the field of efficient cryopreservation of stem cells are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Enyu Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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23
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Li C, Wang C, Xie HY, Huang L. Cell-Based Biomaterials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300404. [PMID: 36977465 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human health, economic development, and national security. Although many vaccines and drugs have been explored to fight against the major pandemic, their efficacy and safety still need to be improved. Cell-based biomaterials, especially living cells, extracellular vesicles, and cell membranes, offer great potential in preventing and treating COVID-19 owing to their versatility and unique biological functions. In this review, the characteristics and functions of cell-based biomaterials and their biological applications in COVID-19 prevention and therapy are described. First the pathological features of COVID-19 are summarized, providing enlightenment on how to fight against COVID-19. Next, the classification, organization structure, characteristics, and functions of cell-based biomaterials are focused on. Finally, the progress of cell-based biomaterials in overcoming COVID-19 in different aspects, including the prevention of viral infection, inhibition of viral proliferation, anti-inflammation, tissue repair, and alleviation of lymphopenia are comprehensively described. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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24
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Couto PS, Al-Arawe N, Filgueiras IS, Fonseca DLM, Hinterseher I, Catar RA, Chinnadurai R, Bersenev A, Cabral-Marques O, Moll G, Verter F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cell therapy for COVID-19: global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes, cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200180. [PMID: 37415976 PMCID: PMC10321603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic of severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), many novel therapeutic modalities to treat Coronavirus 2019 induced disease (COVID-19) were explored. This study summarizes 195 clinical trials of advanced cell therapies targeting COVID-19 that were registered over the two years between January 2020 to December 2021. In addition, this work also analyzed the cell manufacturing and clinical delivery experience of 26 trials that published their outcomes by July 2022. Our demographic analysis found the highest number of cell therapy trials for COVID-19 was in United States, China, and Iran (N=53, 43, and 19, respectively), with the highest number per capita in Israel, Spain, Iran, Australia, and Sweden (N=0.641, 0.232, 0,223, 0.194, and 0.192 trials per million inhabitants). The leading cell types were multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mononuclear cells (MNCs), accounting for 72%, 9%, and 6% of the studies, respectively. There were 24 published clinical trials that reported on infusions of MSCs. A pooled analysis of these MSC studies found that MSCs provide a relative risk reduction for all-cause COVID-19 mortality of RR=0.63 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.85). This result corroborates previously published smaller meta-analyses, which suggested that MSC therapy demonstrated a clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients. The sources of the MSCs used in these studies and their manufacturing and clinical delivery methods were remarkably heterogeneous, with some predominance of perinatal tissue-derived products. Our results highlight the important role that cell therapy products may play as an adjunct therapy in the management of COVID-19 and its related complications, as well as the importance of controlling key manufacturing parameters to ensure comparability between studies. Thus, we support ongoing calls for a global registry of clinical studies with MSC products that could better link cell product manufacturing and delivery methods to clinical outcomes. Although advanced cell therapies may provide an important adjunct treatment for patients affected by COVID-19 in the near future, preventing pathology through vaccination still remains the best protection to date. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of advanced cell therapy clinical trials as potential novel treatment for COVID-19 (resulting from SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection), including analysis of the global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes (RR/OR), and details on cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery. This study had a 2-year observation interval from start of January 2020 to end of December 2021, including a follow-up period until end of July to identify published outcomes, which covers the most vivid period of clinical trial activity, and is also the longest observation period studied until today. In total, we identified 195 registered advanced cell therapy studies for COVID-19, employing 204 individual cell products. Leading registered trial activity was attributed to the USA, China, and Iran. Through the end of July 2022, 26 clinical trials were published, with 24 out of 26 articles employing intravenous infusions (IV) of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) products. Most of the published trials were attributed to China and Iran. The cumulative results from the 24 published studies employing infusions of MSCs indicated an improved survival (RR=0.63 with 95% Confidence Interval 0.46 to 0.85). Our study is the most comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on cell therapy trials for COVID-19 conducted to date, clearly identifying the USA, China, and Iran as leading advanced cell therapy trial countries for COVID-19, with further strong contributions from Israel, Spain, Australia and Sweden. Although advanced cell therapies may provide an important adjunct treatment for patients affected by COVID-19 in the future, preventing pathology through vaccination remains the best protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- CellTrials.org and Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, a non-profit organization headquartered in Brookeville, Brookeville, MD, United States
| | - Nada Al-Arawe
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor S. Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennyson L. M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Irene Hinterseher
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Ruppin-Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Fakultät der Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Gemeinsame Fakultät der Universität Potsdam, der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, und der Brandenburg Technischen Universität (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rusan A. Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Alexey Bersenev
- Advanced Cell Therapy (ACT) Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frances Verter
- CellTrials.org and Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, a non-profit organization headquartered in Brookeville, Brookeville, MD, United States
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Hu L, Sun J, Wang Y, Tan D, Cao Z, Gao L, Guan Y, Jia X, Mao J. A Review of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Development in China: Focusing on Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1045. [PMID: 37376434 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been widespread globally, and vaccination is critical for preventing further spread or resurgence of the outbreak. Inactivated vaccines made from whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus particles generated in Vero cells are currently the most widely used COVID-19 vaccines, with China being the largest producer of inactivated vaccines. As a result, the focus of this review is on inactivated vaccines, with a multidimensional analysis of the development process, platforms, safety, and efficacy in special populations. Overall, inactivated vaccines are a safe option, and we hope that the review will serve as a foundation for further development of COVID-19 vaccines, thus strengthening the defense against the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jingmiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Danny Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhongkai Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Langping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yuelin Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xiuwei Jia
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310030, China
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26
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Fang Z, Ford AJ, Hu T, Zhang N, Mantalaris A, Coskun AF. Subcellular spatially resolved gene neighborhood networks in single cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100476. [PMID: 37323566 PMCID: PMC10261906 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Image-based spatial omics methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) generate molecular profiles of single cells at single-molecule resolution. Current spatial transcriptomics methods focus on the distribution of single genes. However, the spatial proximity of RNA transcripts can play an important role in cellular function. We demonstrate a spatially resolved gene neighborhood network (spaGNN) pipeline for the analysis of subcellular gene proximity relationships. In spaGNN, machine-learning-based clustering of subcellular spatial transcriptomics data yields subcellular density classes of multiplexed transcript features. The nearest-neighbor analysis produces heterogeneous gene proximity maps in distinct subcellular regions. We illustrate the cell-type-distinguishing capability of spaGNN using multiplexed error-robust FISH data of fibroblast and U2-OS cells and sequential FISH data of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), revealing tissue-source-specific MSC transcriptomics and spatial distribution characteristics. Overall, the spaGNN approach expands the spatial features that can be used for cell-type classification tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Machine Learning Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam J. Ford
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Hu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas Zhang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F. Coskun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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27
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A knockout run for CRISPRed cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:603-604. [PMID: 37208466 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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28
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Foss DV, Muldoon JJ, Nguyen DN, Carr D, Sahu SU, Hunsinger JM, Wyman SK, Krishnappa N, Mendonsa R, Schanzer EV, Shy BR, Vykunta VS, Allain V, Li Z, Marson A, Eyquem J, Wilson RC. Peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes for the efficient editing of primary human lymphocytes. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:647-660. [PMID: 37147433 PMCID: PMC10129304 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated genome editing of primary human lymphocytes is typically carried out via electroporation, which can be cytotoxic, cumbersome and costly. Here we show that the yields of edited primary human lymphocytes can be increased substantially by delivering a CRISPR ribonucleoprotein mixed with an amphiphilic peptide identified through screening. We evaluated the performance of this simple delivery method by knocking out genes in T cells, B cells and natural killer cells via the delivery of Cas9 or Cas12a ribonucleoproteins or an adenine base editor. We also show that peptide-mediated ribonucleoprotein delivery paired with an adeno-associated-virus-mediated homology-directed repair template can introduce a chimaeric antigen receptor gene at the T-cell receptor α constant locus, and that the engineered cells display antitumour potency in mice. The method is minimally perturbative, does not require dedicated hardware, and is compatible with multiplexed editing via sequential delivery, which minimizes the risk of genotoxicity. The peptide-mediated intracellular delivery of ribonucleoproteins may facilitate the manufacturing of engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana V Foss
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph J Muldoon
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Carr
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srishti U Sahu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John M Hunsinger
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stacia K Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Rima Mendonsa
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elaine V Schanzer
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Shy
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivasvan S Vykunta
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Allain
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Justin Eyquem
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ross C Wilson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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29
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Wang Y, Wang K, Luo Y, Chen H. Hydrogel-Bondable Asymmetric Planar Membranes with Hierarchical Pore Structures for Cell Scaffolding and Encapsulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1706-1719. [PMID: 36795620 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials for cell replacement therapy could facilitate the delivery, function, and retrieval of transplanted therapeutic cells. However, the limited capacity to accommodate a sufficient quantity of cells in biomedical devices has hindered the success of clinical application, resulting from the suboptimal spatial organization of cells and insufficient permeation of nutrients in the materials. Herein, through the immersion-precipitation phase transfer (IPPT) process from polyether sulfone (PES), we develop planar asymmetric membranes with a hierarchical pore architecture spanning from nanopores (∼20 nm) in the dense skin and open-ended microchannel arrays with gradient pore size increasing vertically from microns to ∼100 μm. The nanoporous skin would be an ultrathin diffusion barrier, while the microchannels could support high-density cell loading by acting as separate chambers allowing uniform distribution of cells in the scaffold. Alginate hydrogel could permeate into the channels and form a sealing layer after gelation, which could slow down the invasion of host immune cells into the scaffold. The hybrid thin-sheet encapsulation system (∼400 μm thick) could protect allogeneic cells over half-year after intraperitoneal (IP) implantation in immune-competent mice. Such structural membranes and plastic-hydrogel hybrids of thin dimensions could find important applications in cell delivery therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Hypothermic Preservation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Viable Solution for the Storage and Distribution of Cell Therapy Products. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120805. [PMID: 36551011 PMCID: PMC9774331 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies (CGT) have reached new therapeutic targets but have noticeably high prices. Solutions to reduce production costs might be found in CGT storage and transportation since they typically involve cryopreservation, which is a heavily burdened process. Encapsulation at hypothermic temperatures (e.g., 2-8 °C) could be a feasible alternative. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC(AT)) expanded using fetal bovine serum (FBS)- (MSC-FBS) or human platelet lysate (HPL)-supplemented mediums (MSC-HPL) were encapsulated in alginate beads for 30 min, 5 days, and 12 days. After bead release, cell recovery and viability were determined to assess encapsulation performance. MSC identity was verified by flow cytometry, and a set of assays was performed to evaluate functionality. MSC(AT) were able to survive encapsulated for a standard transportation period of 5 days, with recovery values of 56 ± 5% for MSC-FBS and 77 ± 6% for MSC-HPL (which is a negligible drop compared to earlier timepoints). Importantly, MSC function did not suffer from encapsulation, with recovered cells showing robust differentiation potential, expression of immunomodulatory molecules, and hematopoietic support capacity. MSC(AT) encapsulation was proven possible for a remarkable 12 day period. There is currently no solution to completely replace cryopreservation in CGT logistics and supply chain, although encapsulation has shown potential to act as a serious competitor.
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31
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High throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cell lines using deep learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17507. [PMID: 36266301 PMCID: PMC9584889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as regenerative therapies for patients in the preclinical and clinical phases of various diseases. However, the main limitations of such therapies include functional heterogeneity and the lack of appropriate quality control (QC) methods for functional screening of MSC lines; thus, clinical outcomes are inconsistent. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based methods, in conjunction with single-cell morphological profiling, have been proposed as alternatives to conventional in vitro/vivo assays that evaluate MSC functions. Such methods perform in silico analyses of MSC functions by training ML algorithms to find highly nonlinear connections between MSC functions and morphology. Although such approaches are promising, they are limited in that extensive, high-content single-cell imaging is required; moreover, manually identified morphological features cannot be generalized to other experimental settings. To address these limitations, we propose an end-to-end deep learning (DL) framework for functional screening of MSC lines using live-cell microscopic images of MSC populations. We quantitatively evaluate various convolutional neural network (CNN) models and demonstrate that our method accurately classifies in vitro MSC lines to high/low multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells markers from multiple donors. A total of 6,120 cell images were obtained from 8 MSC lines, and they were classified into two groups according to MUSE cell markers analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and FACS. The optimized DenseNet121 model showed area under the curve (AUC) 0.975, accuracy 0.922, F1 0.922, sensitivity 0.905, specificity 0.942, positive predictive value 0.940, and negative predictive value 0.908. Therefore, our DL-based framework is a convenient high-throughput method that could serve as an effective QC strategy in future clinical biomanufacturing processes.
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Perspectives on the cost of goods for hPSC banks for manufacture of cell therapies. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:54. [PMID: 36175440 PMCID: PMC9522845 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Chen J, Xu Y, Ning X. Integrated construction of silkworm cocoon-inspired 3D scaffold for improving cell manufacture and cryopreservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:723-735. [PMID: 36099995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although cellular therapy holds enormous promise in treating intractable diseases, its application potential has been significantly hampered due to the scarcity of reliable and consistent cell sources. Therefore, a high-efficiency strategy that improves cell production and storage is desperately needed. Herein, we develop a versatile 3D bioinspired scaffold (Cryosilk) for improving scalable cell manufacture and cryopreservation. A bottom-up fabrication technique integrating electrospinning, in situ surface functionalization and freeze-shaping was explored to construct Cryosilk with biomimetic features and functions of silkworm cocoons. Cryosilk is composed of a core-shell heterostructure with silk fibroin/poly alanine fiber core and silk sericin shell, generating a 3D cocoon-mimicking fibrous structure. Importantly, Cryosilk possesses improved thermal conductivity and ice crystal resistance capability, thus enabling to cryopreserve biological samples with minimal cryodamage. Furthermore, Cryosilk not only promotes cell adhesion and growth, but achieves rapid and uniform rewarming process, which provides high cryopreservation efficacy for immune cells and stem cells. Particularly, Cryosilk can maintain cell viability and biofunctions of stem cell-scaffold constructs after freeze-thawing, which can be directly implanted to promote wound healing. Thus, Cryosilk offers unprecedented efficacy in cell manufacture and cryopreservation, which provides sufficient and high-quality precious cells and tissue engineered scaffolds for cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Liu X, Wu K, Gao L, Wang L, Shi X. Biomaterial strategies for the application of reproductive tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:86-96. [PMID: 35310354 PMCID: PMC8892081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human reproductive organs are of vital importance to the life of an individual and the reproduction of human populations. So far, traditional methods have a limited effect in recovering the function and fertility of reproductive organs and tissues. Thus, aim to replace and facilitate the regrowth of damaged or diseased tissue, various biomaterials are developed to offer hope to overcome these difficulties and help gain further research progress in reproductive tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the biomaterials and their four main applications in reproductive tissue engineering: in vitro generation and culture of reproductive cells; development of reproductive organoids and models; in vivo transplantation of reproductive cells or tissues; and regeneration of reproductive tissue. In reproductive tissue engineering, designing biomaterials for different applications with different mechanical properties, structure, function, and microenvironment is challenging and important, and deserves more attention. Various biomaterials have been developed and used in reproductive tissue engineering. 3D culture systems can lead to better cell-cell interactions for in vitro production of reproductive cells. Reproductive organoids and models are formed by biomaterials to simulate the environment of natural reproductive organs. Biomaterials should promote vascular regeneration and resist inflammation for in-situ reproductive tissue regeneration.
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Nie W, Chen J, Wang B, Gao X. Nonviral vector system for cancer immunogene therapy. MEDCOMM – BIOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mba2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
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Bastin DJ, Quizi J, Kennedy MA, Kekre N, Auer RC. Current challenges in the manufacture of clinical-grade autologous whole cell vaccines for hematological malignancies. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:979-989. [PMID: 35562303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Autologous whole cell vaccines use a patient's own tumor cells as a source of antigen to elicit an anti-tumor immune response in vivo. Recently, the authors conducted a systematic review of clinical trials employing these products in hematological cancers that showed a favorable safety profile and trend toward efficacy. However, it was noted that manufacturing challenges limit both the efficacy and clinical implementation of these vaccine products. In the current literature review, the authors sought to define the issues surrounding the manufacture of autologous whole cell products for hematological cancers. The authors describe key factors, including the acquisition, culture, cryopreservation and transduction of malignant cells, that require optimization for further advancement of the field. Furthermore, the authors provide a summary of pre-clinical work that informs how the identified challenges may be overcome. The authors also highlight areas in which future basic research would be of benefit to the field. The goal of this review is to provide a roadmap for investigators seeking to advance the field of autologous cell vaccines as it applies to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Bastin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jennifer Quizi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Li Y, Bidmeshki MM, Kang T, Nowak CM, Makris Y, Bleris L. Genetic physical unclonable functions in human cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4106. [PMID: 35507652 PMCID: PMC9067934 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A physical unclonable function (PUF) is a physical entity that provides a measurable output that can be used as a unique and irreproducible identifier for the artifact wherein it is embedded. Popularized by the electronics industry, silicon PUFs leverage the inherent physical variations of semiconductor manufacturing to establish intrinsic security primitives for attesting integrated circuits. Owing to the stochastic nature of these variations, photolithographically manufactured silicon PUFs are impossible to reproduce (thus unclonable). Inspired by the success of silicon PUFs, we sought to create the first generation of genetic PUFs in human cells. We demonstrate that these PUFs are robust (i.e., they repeatedly produce the same output), unique (i.e., they do not coincide with any other identically produced PUF), and unclonable (i.e., they are virtually impossible to replicate). Furthermore, we demonstrate that CRISPR-engineered PUFs (CRISPR-PUFs) can serve as a foundational principle for establishing provenance attestation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Bidmeshki
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Taek Kang
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chance M. Nowak
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Yiorgos Makris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Kong D, Peng L, Bosch-Fortea M, Chrysanthou A, Alexis CVM, Matellan C, Zarbakhsh A, Mastroianni G, del Rio Hernandez A, Gautrot JE. Impact of the multiscale viscoelasticity of quasi-2D self-assembled protein networks on stem cell expansion at liquid interfaces. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Impact of Cryopreservation and Freeze-Thawing on Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Other Common Cellular Therapeutics. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:72-92. [PMID: 35502223 PMCID: PMC9045030 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cryopreservation and its associated freezing and thawing procedures–short “freeze-thawing”–are among the final steps in economically viable manufacturing and clinical application of diverse cellular therapeutics. Translation from preclinical proof-of-concept studies to larger clinical trials has indicated that these processes may potentially present an Achilles heel to optimal cell product safety and particularly efficacy in clinical trials and routine use. Recent Findings We review the current state of the literature on how cryopreservation of cellular therapies has evolved and how the application of this technique to different cell types is interlinked with their ability to engraft and function upon transfer in vivo, in particular for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), their progeny, and therapeutic cell products derived thereof. We also discuss pros and cons how this may differ for non-hematopoietic mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapeutics. We present different avenues that may be crucial for cell therapy optimization, both, for hematopoietic (e.g., effector, regulatory, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T and NK cell based products) and for non-hematopoietic products, such as MSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to achieve optimal viability, recovery, effective cell dose, and functionality of the cryorecovered cells. Summary Targeted research into optimizing the cryopreservation and freeze-thawing routines and the adjunct manufacturing process design may provide crucial advantages to increase both the safety and efficacy of cellular therapeutics in clinical use and to enable effective market deployment strategies to become economically viable and sustainable medicines.
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Engineered cellular immunotherapies in cancer and beyond. Nat Med 2022; 28:678-689. [PMID: 35440724 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This year marks the tenth anniversary of cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells for refractory leukemia. The widespread commercial approval of genetically engineered T cells for a variety of blood cancers offers hope for patients with other types of cancer, and the convergence of human genome engineering and cell therapy technology holds great potential for generation of a new class of cellular therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss the goals of cellular immunotherapy in cancer, key challenges facing the field and exciting strategies that are emerging to overcome these obstacles. Finally, we outline how developments in the cancer field are paving the way for cellular immunotherapeutics in other diseases.
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Collier CA, Mendiondo C, Raghavan S. Tissue engineering of the gastrointestinal tract: the historic path to translation. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:9. [PMID: 35379299 PMCID: PMC8981633 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is imperative for multiple functions including digestion, nutrient absorption, and timely waste disposal. The central feature of the gut is peristalsis, intestinal motility, which facilitates all of its functions. Disruptions in GI motility lead to sub-optimal GI function, resulting in a lower quality of life in many functional GI disorders. Over the last two decades, tissue engineering research directed towards the intestine has progressed rapidly due to advances in cell and stem-cell biology, integrative physiology, bioengineering and biomaterials. Newer biomedical tools (including optical tools, machine learning, and nuanced regenerative engineering approaches) have expanded our understanding of the complex cellular communication within the GI tract that lead to its orchestrated physiological function. Bioengineering therefore can be utilized towards several translational aspects: (i) regenerative medicine to remedy/restore GI physiological function; (ii) in vitro model building to mimic the complex physiology for drug and pharmacology testing; (iii) tool development to continue to unravel multi-cell communication networks to integrate cell and organ-level physiology. Despite the significant strides made historically in GI tissue engineering, fundamental challenges remain including the quest for identifying autologous human cell sources, enhanced scaffolding biomaterials to increase biocompatibility while matching viscoelastic properties of the underlying tissue, and overall biomanufacturing. This review provides historic perspectives for how bioengineering has advanced over time, highlights newer advances in bioengineering strategies, and provides a realistic perspective on the path to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christian Mendiondo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Van Hoeck J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Non-viral siRNA delivery to T cells: Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu YY, Lee JSZ, Chen S, Liu D. Sterile Fluid Transfer for Cell Therapy Manufacturing—The Value of Multiple-Use Aseptic Connector. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:806677. [PMID: 35308824 PMCID: PMC8931546 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.806677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile fluid transfer between vessels is a key step in cell therapy manufacturing and requires specialised devices to maintain sterility of both vessels before, during and after the transfer. This review introduces two main types of devices for sterile fluid transfer in cell therapy manufacturing, namely single-use sterile connectors and tube welders. While these are excellent devices for infrequent moderate to large volume transfers, a new multiple-use aseptic connector may fill the gap for frequent small volume fluid transfers that are particularly important for autologous cell therapy manufacturing.
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Giri J, Moll G. MSCs in Space: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutics as Enabling Technology for Long-Distance Manned Space Travel. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Advancements in space travel, such as space tourism into Earth’s orbit, but also the prospect of long-distance manned space travel to other celestial bodies such as Mars, has generated a clinical need for new enabling technologies to support the long-term well-being of humans during their passage. Here, we will give an outline on the clinical need and practical considerations to MSC therapy as enabling technology for long-distance manned space travel.
Recent Findings
Long-distance space travel entails a threat to the health of astronaut crews due to the low gravity environment and exposure to toxic radiation in space. Multi-organ-system degenerative changes, such as decline in musculoskeletal, hematopoietic, immune system function, and in particular risk of genetic mutations and cancer, are major health concerns. Physical training, pharmacological agents, and protective shielding are among the currently available methods to counteract harmful effects. However, a potential lack of adequate shielding, side effects of pharmacological compounds, and limitations to physical training suggest a need for new countermeasures, to protect space travellers to the best extent. Here, the prospect of cell-based therapy, e.g. mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), has been subject to intense research, due to their potent regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Off-the-shelf MSC therapeutics can be easily maintained in space due to the ambient extremely low-temperature environment, and cryorecovery and even culturing of MSCs under microgravity were shown to be feasible.
Summary
Designing new therapy against harmful radiation is urgent need in space travel. Here we will discuss aspects related to clinical MSC administration to optimize their therapeutic benefit. MSC-based therapy may aid in evolving protective countermeasures for space travellers.
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Perikamana SKM, Seale N, Hoque J, Ryu JH, Kumar V, Shih YV, Varghese S. Molecularly Tailored Interface for Long-Term Xenogeneic Cell Transplantation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2108221. [PMID: 37920452 PMCID: PMC10622113 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202108221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of therapeutic cells in a semipermeable device can mitigate the need for systemic immune suppression following cell transplantation by providing local immunoprotection while being permeable to nutrients, oxygen, and different cell-secreted biomolecules. However, fibrotic tissue deposition around the device has been shown to compromise the long-term function of the transplanted cells. Herein, a macroencapsulation device design that improves long-term survival and function of the transplanted cells is reported. The device is comprised of a semipermeable chitosan pouch with a tunable reservoir and molecularly engineered interface. The chitosan pouch interface decorated with 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (DDA), limits the cell adhesion and vigorous foreign body response while maintaining the barrier properties amenable to cell encapsulation. The device provides long-term protection to the encapsulated human primary hepatocytes in the subcutaneous space of immunocompetent mice. The device supports the encapsulated cells for up to 6 months as evident from cell viability and presence of human specific albumin in circulation. Solutions that integrate biomaterials and interfacial engineering such as the one described here may advance development of easy-to manufacture and retrievable devices for the transplantation of therapeutic cells in the absence of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nailah Seale
- Department of Bioengineering University of California-San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jiaul Hoque
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vardhman Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Yu G, Zhang M, Gao L, Zhou Y, Qiao L, Yin J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Ye H. Far-red light-activated human islet-like designer cells enable sustained fine-tuned secretion of insulin for glucose control. Mol Ther 2022; 30:341-354. [PMID: 34530162 PMCID: PMC8753431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects almost half a billion people, and all individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a large portion of individuals with type 2 diabetes rely on self-administration of the peptide hormone insulin to achieve glucose control. However, this treatment modality has cumbersome storage and equipment requirements and is susceptible to fatal user error. Here, reasoning that a cell-based therapy could be coupled to an external induction circuit for blood glucose control, as a proof of concept we developed far-red light (FRL)-activated human islet-like designer (FAID) cells and demonstrated how FAID cell implants achieved safe and sustained glucose control in diabetic model mice. Specifically, by introducing a FRL-triggered optogenetic device into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which we encapsulated in poly-(l-lysine)-alginate and implanted subcutaneously under the dorsum of T1D model mice, we achieved FRL illumination-inducible secretion of insulin that yielded improvements in glucose tolerance and sustained blood glucose control over traditional insulin glargine treatment. Moreover, the FAID cell implants attenuated both oxidative stress and development of multiple diabetes-related complications in kidneys. This optogenetics-controlled "living cell factory" platform could be harnessed to develop multiple synthetic designer therapeutic cells to achieve long-term yet precisely controllable drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yu
- Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Longliang Qiao
- Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianli Yin
- Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Electron Microscopy Center, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Tristan CA, Ormanoglu P, Slamecka J, Malley C, Chu PH, Jovanovic VM, Gedik Y, Jethmalani Y, Bonney C, Barnaeva E, Braisted J, Mallanna SK, Dorjsuren D, Iannotti MJ, Voss TC, Michael S, Simeonov A, Singeç I. Robotic high-throughput biomanufacturing and functional differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3076-3092. [PMID: 34861164 PMCID: PMC8693769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient translation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires scalable cell manufacturing strategies for optimal self-renewal and functional differentiation. Traditional manual cell culture is variable and labor intensive, posing challenges for high-throughput applications. Here, we established a robotic platform and automated all essential steps of hiPSC culture and differentiation under chemically defined conditions. This approach allowed rapid and standardized manufacturing of billions of hiPSCs that can be produced in parallel from up to 90 different patient- and disease-specific cell lines. Moreover, we established automated multi-lineage differentiation and generated functional neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. To validate our approach, we compared robotic and manual cell culture operations and performed comprehensive molecular and cellular characterizations (e.g., single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, metabolism, electrophysiology) to benchmark industrial-scale cell culture operations toward building an integrated platform for efficient cell manufacturing for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yeliz Gedik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Charles Bonney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sunil K Mallanna
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael J Iannotti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Lavrador P, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Engineering mammalian living materials towards clinically relevant therapeutics. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103717. [PMID: 34839265 PMCID: PMC8628209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered living materials represent a new generation of human-made biotherapeutics that are highly attractive for a myriad of medical applications. In essence, such cell-rich platforms provide encodable bioactivities with extended lifetimes and environmental multi-adaptability currently unattainable in conventional biomaterial platforms. Emerging cell bioengineering tools are herein discussed from the perspective of materializing living cells as cooperative building blocks that drive the assembly of multiscale living materials. Owing to their living character, pristine cellular units can also be imparted with additional therapeutically-relevant biofunctionalities. On this focus, the most recent advances on the engineering of mammalian living materials and their biomedical applications are herein outlined, alongside with a critical perspective on major roadblocks hindering their realistic clinical translation. All in all, transposing the concept of leveraging living materials as autologous tissue-building entities and/or self-regulated biotherapeutics opens new realms for improving precision and personalized medicine strategies in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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50
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Culberson AL, Chilmonczyk MA, Kottke PA, Bowles-Welch AC, Ghoshal D, Fedorov AG. Sample-to-analysis platform for rapid intracellular mass spectrometry from small numbers of cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4696-4706. [PMID: 34751694 PMCID: PMC8721559 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Real-time, advanced diagnostics of the biochemical state within cells remains a significant challenge for research and development, production, and application of cell-based therapies. The fundamental biochemical processes and mechanisms of action of such advanced therapies are still largely unknown, including the critical quality attributes that correlate to therapeutic function, performance, and potency and the critical process parameters that impact quality throughout cell therapy manufacturing. An integrated microfluidic platform has been developed for in-line analysis of a small number of cells via direct infusion nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Central to this platform is a microfabricated cell processing device that prepares cells from limited sample volumes removed directly from cell culture systems. The sample-to-analysis workflow overcomes the labor intensive, time-consuming, and destructive nature of existing mass spectrometry approaches for analysis of cells. By providing rapid, high-throughput analyses of the intracellular state, this platform enables untargeted discovery of critical quality attributes and their real-time, in-process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Culberson
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mason A Chilmonczyk
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Peter A Kottke
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Annie C Bowles-Welch
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Delta Ghoshal
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrei G Fedorov
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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