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Gross LZF, Winkel AF, Galceran F, Schulze JO, Fröhner W, Cämmerer S, Zeuzem S, Engel M, Leroux AE, Biondi RM. Molecular insights into the regulatory landscape of PKC-related kinase-2 (PRK2/PKN2) using targeted small compounds. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107550. [PMID: 39002682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The PKC-related kinases (PRKs, also termed PKNs) are important in cell migration, cancer, hepatitis C infection, and nutrient sensing. They belong to a group of protein kinases called AGC kinases that share common features like a C-terminal extension to the catalytic domain comprising a hydrophobic motif. PRKs are regulated by N-terminal domains, a pseudosubstrate sequence, Rho-binding domains, and a C2 domain involved in inhibition and dimerization, while Rho and lipids are activators. We investigated the allosteric regulation of PRK2 and its interaction with its upstream kinase PDK1 using a chemical biology approach. We confirmed the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)-interacting fragment (PIF)-mediated docking interaction of PRK2 with PDK1 and showed that this interaction can be modulated allosterically. We showed that the polypeptide PIFtide and a small compound binding to the PIF-pocket of PRK2 were allosteric activators, by displacing the pseudosubstrate PKL region from the active site. In addition, a small compound binding to the PIF-pocket allosterically inhibited the catalytic activity of PRK2. Together, we confirmed the docking interaction and allostery between PRK2 and PDK1 and described an allosteric communication between the PIF-pocket and the active site of PRK2, both modulating the conformation of the ATP-binding site and the pseudosubstrate PKL-binding site. Our study highlights the allosteric modulation of the activity and the conformation of PRK2 in addition to the existence of at least two different complexes between PRK2 and its upstream kinase PDK1. Finally, the study highlights the potential for developing allosteric drugs to modulate PRK2 kinase conformations and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika F Winkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Jörg O Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fröhner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Simon Cämmerer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Ricardo M Biondi
- IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Ray J, Sapp DG, Fairn GD. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate: Out of the shadows and into the spotlight. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102372. [PMID: 38776601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases regulate many cellular functions, including migration, growth, proliferation, and cell survival. Early studies equated the inhibition of Class I PI3Ks with loss of; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), but over time, it was realised that these; treatments also depleted phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2). In recent years, the; use of better tools and an improved understanding of its metabolism have allowed for the; identification of specific roles of PI(3,4)P2. This includes the production of PI(3,4)P2 and the; activation of its effector Akt2 in response to growth factor signalling. In contrast, a lysosomal pool of PI(3,4)P2 is a negative regulator of mTORC1 during growth factor deprivation. A growing body of literature also demonstrates that PI(3,4)P2 controls many dynamic plasmalemmal processes. The significance of PI(3,4)P2 in cell biology is increasingly evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayatee Ray
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David G Sapp
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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3
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Meuten TK, Dean GA, Thamm DH. Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:339-356. [PMID: 37905509 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors in dogs and humans share many similar molecular and genetic features, incentivizing a better understanding of canine neoplasms not only for the purpose of treating companion animals, but also to facilitate research of spontaneously developing tumors with similar biologic behavior and treatment approaches in an immunologically competent animal model. Multiple tumor types of both species have similar dysregulation of signal transduction through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), collectively known as the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. This review aims to delineate the pertinent aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in health and in tumor development. It will then present a synopsis of current understanding of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in important canine cancers and advancements in targeted inhibitors of this pathway.
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Ragupathi A, Kim C, Jacinto E. The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks. Biochem J 2024; 481:45-91. [PMID: 38270460 PMCID: PMC10903481 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, controls cell metabolism in response to growth signals and stress stimuli. The cellular functions of mTOR are mediated by two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Rapamycin and its analogs are currently used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases and have been instrumental in delineating the functions of its direct target, mTORC1. Despite the lack of a specific mTORC2 inhibitor, genetic studies that disrupt mTORC2 expression unravel the functions of this more elusive mTOR complex. Like mTORC1 which responds to growth signals, mTORC2 is also activated by anabolic signals but is additionally triggered by stress. mTORC2 mediates signals from growth factor receptors and G-protein coupled receptors. How stress conditions such as nutrient limitation modulate mTORC2 activation to allow metabolic reprogramming and ensure cell survival remains poorly understood. A variety of downstream effectors of mTORC2 have been identified but the most well-characterized mTORC2 substrates include Akt, PKC, and SGK, which are members of the AGC protein kinase family. Here, we review how mTORC2 is regulated by cellular stimuli including how compartmentalization and modulation of complex components affect mTORC2 signaling. We elaborate on how phosphorylation of its substrates, particularly the AGC kinases, mediates its diverse functions in growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We discuss other signaling and metabolic components that cross-talk with mTORC2 and the cellular output of these signals. Lastly, we consider how to more effectively target the mTORC2 pathway to treat diseases that have deregulated mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ragupathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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5
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Hermawan A, Wulandari F, Yudi Utomo R, Asmah Susidarti R, Kirihata M, Meiyanto E. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the effects of Pentagamaboronon-0-ol on PI3K/Akt and cell cycle of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101847. [PMID: 38028209 PMCID: PMC10652209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monoclonal antibodies and targeted therapies against HER2+ breast cancer has improved overall and disease-free survival in patients; however, encountering drug resistance causes recurrence, necessitating the development of newer HER2-targeted medications. A curcumin analog PGB-0-ol showed most cytotoxicity against HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells than against other subtypes of breast cancer cells. Objective Here, we employed next-generation sequencing technology to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells. Methods The molecular mechanism underlying the action of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells was determined using next-generation sequencing technologies. Additional bioinformatics studies were performed, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, disease-gene, and drug-gene associations, network topology analysis (NTA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results We detected 2,263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1,459 upregulated and 804 downregulated) in the PGB-0-ol- and DMSO-treated HCC1954 cells. KEGG enrichment data revealed the control of phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and ErbB signaling following PGB-0-ol treatment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs governed cell cycle, participated in the mitotic spindle and nuclear membrane, and controlled kinase activity at the molecular level. According to the NTA data for GO enrichment, GSEA data for KEGG, drug-gene and disease-gene, PGB-0-ol regulated PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle in breast cancer. Overall, our investigation revealed the transcriptomic profile of PGB-0-ol-treated HCC1954 breast cancer cells following PGB-0-ol therapy. Bioinformatics analyses showed that PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle was modulated. However, further studies are required to validate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febri Wulandari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Asmah Susidarti
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Kobialka P, Llena J, Deleyto-Seldas N, Munar-Gelabert M, Dengra JA, Villacampa P, Albinyà-Pedrós A, Muixi L, Andrade J, van Splunder H, Angulo-Urarte A, Potente M, Grego-Bessa J, Castillo SD, Vanhaesebroeck B, Efeyan A, Graupera M. PI3K-C2β limits mTORC1 signaling and angiogenic growth. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg1913. [PMID: 38015911 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate intracellular inositol lipids to regulate signaling and intracellular vesicular trafficking. Mammals have eight PI3K isoforms, of which class I PI3Kα and class II PI3K-C2α are essential for vascular development. The class II PI3K-C2β is also abundant in endothelial cells. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that PI3K-C2β was a critical regulator of blood vessel growth by restricting endothelial mTORC1 signaling. Mice expressing a kinase-inactive form of PI3K-C2β displayed enlarged blood vessels without corresponding changes in endothelial cell proliferation or migration. Instead, inactivation of PI3K-C2β resulted in an increase in the size of endothelial cells, particularly in the sprouting zone of angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we showed that the aberrantly large size of PI3K-C2β mutant endothelial cells was caused by mTORC1 activation, which sustained growth in these cells. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin normalized vascular morphogenesis in PI3K-C2β mutant mice. Together, these results identify PI3K-C2β as a crucial determinant of endothelial signaling and illustrate the importance of mTORC1 regulation during angiogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kobialka
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judith Llena
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nerea Deleyto-Seldas
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Margalida Munar-Gelabert
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose A Dengra
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Albinyà-Pedrós
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Muixi
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ebner M, Puchkov D, López-Ortega O, Muthukottiappan P, Su Y, Schmied C, Zillmann S, Nikonenko I, Koddebusch J, Dornan GL, Lucht MT, Koka V, Jang W, Koch PA, Wallroth A, Lehmann M, Brügger B, Pende M, Winter D, Haucke V. Nutrient-regulated control of lysosome function by signaling lipid conversion. Cell 2023; 186:5328-5346.e26. [PMID: 37883971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve dual antagonistic functions in cells by mediating anabolic growth signaling and the catabolic turnover of macromolecules. How these janus-faced activities are regulated in response to cellular nutrient status is poorly understood. We show here that lysosome morphology and function are reversibly controlled by a nutrient-regulated signaling lipid switch that triggers the conversion between peripheral motile mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling-active and static mTORC1-inactive degradative lysosomes clustered at the cell center. Starvation-triggered relocalization of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P)-metabolizing enzymes reshapes the lysosomal surface proteome to facilitate lysosomal proteolysis and to repress mTORC1 signaling. Concomitantly, lysosomal phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), which marks motile signaling-active lysosomes in the cell periphery, is erased. Interference with this PI(3)P/PI(4)P lipid switch module impairs the adaptive response of cells to altering nutrient supply. Our data unravel a key function for lysosomal phosphoinositide metabolism in rewiring organellar membrane dynamics in response to cellular nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ebner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yanwei Su
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Schmied
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Zillmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iryna Nikonenko
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Koddebusch
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max T Lucht
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vonda Koka
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Wonyul Jang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Wallroth
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Pende
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Cirillo D, Diceglie M, Nazaré M. Isoform-selective targeting of PI3K: time to consider new opportunities? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:601-621. [PMID: 37438206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are central to several cellular signaling pathways in human physiology and are potential pharmacological targets for many pathologies including cancer, thrombosis, and pulmonary diseases. Tremendous efforts to develop isoform-selective inhibitors have culminated in the approval of several drugs, validating PI3K as a tractable and therapeutically relevant target. Although successful therapeutic validation has focused on isoform-selective class I orthosteric inhibitors, recent clinical findings have indicated challenges regarding poor drug tolerance owing to sustained on-target inhibition. Hence, additional approaches are warranted to increase the clinical benefits of specific clinical treatment options, which may involve the employment of so far underexploited targeting modalities or the development of inhibitors for currently underexplored PI3K class II isoforms. We review recent key discoveries in the development of isoform-selective inhibitors, focusing particularly on PI3K class II isoforms, and highlight the emerging importance of developing a broader arsenal of pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cirillo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Diceglie
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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De Santis MC, Gozzelino L, Margaria JP, Costamagna A, Ratto E, Gulluni F, Di Gregorio E, Mina E, Lorito N, Bacci M, Lattanzio R, Sala G, Cappello P, Novelli F, Giovannetti E, Vicentini C, Andreani S, Delfino P, Corbo V, Scarpa A, Porporato PE, Morandi A, Hirsch E, Martini M. Lysosomal lipid switch sensitises to nutrient deprivation and mTOR targeting in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2023; 72:360-371. [PMID: 35623884 PMCID: PMC9872233 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. However, metabolic adaptation to the harsh PDAC environment can expose liabilities useful for therapy. Targeting the key metabolic regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its downstream pathway shows efficacy only in subsets of patients but gene modifiers maximising response remain to be identified. DESIGN Three independent cohorts of PDAC patients were studied to correlate PI3K-C2γ protein abundance with disease outcome. Mechanisms were then studied in mouse (KPC mice) and cellular models of PDAC, in presence or absence of PI3K-C2γ (WT or KO). PI3K-C2γ-dependent metabolic rewiring and its impact on mTORC1 regulation were assessed in conditions of limiting glutamine availability. Finally, effects of a combination therapy targeting mTORC1 and glutamine metabolism were studied in WT and KO PDAC cells and preclinical models. RESULTS PI3K-C2γ expression was reduced in about 30% of PDAC cases and was associated with an aggressive phenotype. Similarly, loss of PI3K-C2γ in KPC mice enhanced tumour development and progression. The increased aggressiveness of tumours lacking PI3K-C2γ correlated with hyperactivation of mTORC1 pathway and glutamine metabolism rewiring to support lipid synthesis. PI3K-C2γ-KO tumours failed to adapt to metabolic stress induced by glutamine depletion, resulting in cell death. CONCLUSION Loss of PI3K-C2γ prevents mTOR inactivation and triggers tumour vulnerability to RAD001 (mTOR inhibitor) and BPTES/CB-839 (glutaminase inhibitors). Therefore, these results might open the way to personalised treatments in PDAC with PI3K-C2γ loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Gozzelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ratto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Enza Di Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marina Bacci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Andreani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Delfino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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11
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Menegatti J, Nakel J, Stepanov YK, Caban KM, Ludwig N, Nord R, Pfitzner T, Yazdani M, Vilimova M, Kehl T, Lenhof HP, Philipp SE, Meese E, Fröhlich T, Grässer FA, Hart M. Changes of Protein Expression after CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of miRNA-142 in Cell Lines Derived from Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205031. [PMID: 36291816 PMCID: PMC9600116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gene of the human tumor suppressive microRNA-142 (miR-142) carries mutations in about 20% of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because microRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the protein expression of their cognate messenger RNA (mRNAs) targets, we determined the effect of miR-142 knockout on protein expression in two cell lines derived from DLBCL. We found a significant up-regulation of 52 proteins but also a down-regulation of 41 proteins upon miR-142 deletion. Knockout of a miRNA may be used to identify novel targets, and seed-sequence mutants of a miRNA unable to bind to their targets can be used to confirm potential novel targets. With this approach, we identify AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1 and TFRC as novel targets of miR-142. As miR-142 is highly present in the miRNA processing RISC complexes, the deletion of this miRNA might result in its replacement by other miRNAs, thus introducing an additional layer of complexity regarding gene regulation. Abstract Background: As microRNA-142 (miR-142) is the only human microRNA gene where mutations have consistently been found in about 20% of all cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we wanted to determine the impact of miR-142 inactivation on protein expression of DLBCL cell lines. Methods: miR-142 was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in cell lines from DLBCL. Results: By proteome analyses, miR-142 knockout resulted in a consistent up-regulation of 52 but also down-regulation of 41 proteins in GC-DLBCL lines BJAB and SUDHL4. Various mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were up-regulated in line with their pro-tumorigenic properties, while proteins necessary for MHC-I presentation were down-regulated in accordance with the finding that miR-142 knockout mice have a defective immune response. CFL2, CLIC4, STAU1, and TWF1 are known targets of miR-142, and we could additionally confirm AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1, and TFRC as new targets of miR-142-3p or -5p. Conclusions: Seed-sequence mutants of miR-142 confirmed potential targets and novel targets of miRNAs can be identified in miRNA knockout cell lines. Due to the complex contribution of miRNAs within cellular regulatory networks, in particular when miRNAs highly present in RISC complexes are replaced by other miRNAs, primary effects on gene expression may be covered by secondary layers of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Youli K. Stepanov
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina M. Caban
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Nord
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfitzner
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Yazdani
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Vilimova
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Philipp
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich A. Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
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12
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Antagonistic control of active surface integrins by myotubularin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2β in a myotubular myopathy model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202236119. [PMID: 36161941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202236119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XLCNM) is a severe human disease without existing therapies caused by mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase MTM1. Loss of MTM1 function is associated with muscle fiber defects characterized by impaired localization of β-integrins and other components of focal adhesions. Here we show that defective focal adhesions and reduced active β-integrin surface levels in a cellular model of XLCNM are rescued by loss of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase C2β (PI3KC2β) function. Inactivation of the Mtm1 gene impaired myoblast differentiation into myotubes and resulted in reduced surface levels of active β1-integrins as well as corresponding defects in focal adhesions. These phenotypes were rescued by concomitant genetic loss of Pik3c2b or pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β activity. We further demonstrate that a hitherto unknown role of PI3KC2β in the endocytic trafficking of active β1-integrins rather than rescue of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels underlies the ability of Pik3c2b to act as a genetic modifier of cellular XLCNM phenotypes. Our findings reveal a crucial antagonistic function of MTM1 and PI3KC2β in the control of active β-integrin surface levels, thereby providing a molecular mechanism for the adhesion and myofiber defects observed in XLCNM. They further suggest specific pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β catalysis as a viable treatment option for XLCNM patients.
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13
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Luciano AK, Korobkina E, Lyons SP, Haley JA, Fluharty S, Jung SM, Kettenbach AN, Guertin DA. Proximity labeling of endogenous RICTOR identifies mTOR Complex 2 regulation by ADP ribosylation factor ARF1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102379. [PMID: 35973513 PMCID: PMC9513271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) regulates metabolism, cell proliferation, and cell survival. mTORC2 activity is stimulated by growth factors, and it phosphorylates the hydrophobic motif site of the AGC kinases AKT, SGK, and PKC. However, the proteins that interact with mTORC2 to control its activity and localization remain poorly defined. To identify mTORC2-interacting proteins in living cells, we tagged endogenous RICTOR, an essential mTORC2 subunit, with the modified BirA biotin ligase BioID2 and performed live-cell proximity labeling. We identified 215 RICTOR-proximal proteins, including proteins with known mTORC2 pathway interactions, and 135 proteins (63%) not previously linked to mTORC2 signaling, including nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Our imaging and cell fractionation experiments suggest nearly 30% of RICTOR is in the nucleus, hinting at potential nuclear functions. We also identified 29 interactors containing RICTOR-dependent, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation sites, thus providing insight into mTORC2-dependent insulin signaling dynamics. Finally, we identify the endogenous ADP ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) GTPase as an mTORC2-interacting protein. Through gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies, we provide functional evidence that ARF1 may negatively regulate mTORC2. In summary, we present a new method of studying endogenous mTORC2, a resource of RICTOR/mTORC2 protein interactions in living cells, and a potential mechanism of mTORC2 regulation by the ARF1 GTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Luciano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ekaterina Korobkina
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Scott P Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Shelagh Fluharty
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605.
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14
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Local synthesis of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate lipid drives focal adhesion turnover. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1694-1711.e7. [PMID: 35809565 PMCID: PMC7613278 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are multifunctional organelles that couple cell-matrix adhesion to cytoskeletal force transmission and signaling and to steer cell migration and collective cell behavior. Whereas proteomic changes at focal adhesions are well understood, little is known about signaling lipids in focal adhesion dynamics. Through the characterization of cells from mice with a kinase-inactivating point mutation in the class II PI3K-C2β, we find that generation of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) membrane lipid promotes focal adhesion disassembly in response to changing environmental conditions. We show that reduced growth factor signaling sensed by protein kinase N, an mTORC2 target and effector of RhoA, synergizes with the adhesion disassembly factor DEPDC1B to induce local synthesis of PtdIns(3,4)P2 by PI3K-C2β. PtdIns(3,4)P2 then promotes turnover of RhoA-dependent stress fibers by recruiting the PtdIns(3,4)P2-dependent RhoA-GTPase-activating protein ARAP3. Our findings uncover a pathway by which cessation of growth factor signaling facilitates cell-matrix adhesion disassembly via a phosphoinositide lipid switch.
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15
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Chen J, Hu Q, Luo Y, Luo L, Lin H, Chen D, Xu Y, Liu B, He Y, Liang C, Liu Y, Zhou J, Wu J. Salvianolic acid B attenuates membranous nephropathy by activating renal autophagy via microRNA-145-5p/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13956-13969. [PMID: 35723058 PMCID: PMC9345616 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation and inflammatory response of the mesangial cells play a crucial role in the progression of membranous nephropathy (MN). Herein, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Salvianolic acid B (SalB) on MN-induced mesangial abnormalities and its underlying mechanisms. MN models were established in cationic bovine serum albumin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats and lipopolysaccharide-induced human mesangial cells (HMCs). Following SalB and microRNA-145-5p antagomir treatment, kidney function was investigated by 24-hours urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Pathological changes of kidney were investigated by Periodic acid Schiff staining. CD68 and IgG were detected by immunofluorescence in glomerulus. Mesangial autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope. MicroRNA-145-5p inhibitor, mimic, LY294002, and SalB were used to treat with HMCs. In kidney and HMCs, IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and microRNA-145-5p was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated AKT, AKT, beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) levels were detected by Western blot. HMCs proliferation and cycle were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. LC3 were detected by LC3-dual-fluorescent adenovirus in HMCs. Our results showed that SalB significantly ameliorated kidney function and pathological changes. Furthermore, it significantly alleviated proliferation, inflammation and activated autophagy in mesangial cells. Moreover, microRNA-145-5p antagomir accentuated MN while microRNA-145-5p inhibitor and LY294002 encouraged proliferation and inflammation through PI3K/AKT pathway in HMCs. Collectively, our study demonstrated that SalB activated renal autophagy to reduce cell proliferation and inflammation of MN, which was mediated by microRNA-145-5p to inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway, and ultimately attenuated MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinghong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yini Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lina Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunling Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaoyu Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Gozzelino L, Kochlamazashvili G, Baldassari S, Mackintosh AI, Licchetta L, Iovino E, Liu YC, Bennett CA, Bennett MF, Damiano JA, Zsurka G, Marconi C, Giangregorio T, Magini P, Kuijpers M, Maritzen T, Norata GD, Baulac S, Canafoglia L, Seri M, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Bahlo M, Berkovic SF, Hildebrand MS, Kunz WS, Giordano L, Bisulli F, Martini M, Haucke V, Hirsch E, Pippucci T. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:2313-2331. [PMID: 35786744 PMCID: PMC9337808 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological diseases, with focal epilepsy accounting for the largest number of cases. The genetic alterations involved in focal epilepsy are far from being fully elucidated. Here, we show that defective lipid signalling caused by heterozygous ultra-rare variants in PIK3C2B, encoding for the class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3K-C2β, underlie focal epilepsy in humans. We demonstrate that patients’ variants act as loss-of-function alleles, leading to impaired synthesis of the rare signalling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, resulting in mTORC1 hyperactivation. In vivo, mutant Pik3c2b alleles caused dose-dependent neuronal hyperexcitability and increased seizure susceptibility, indicating haploinsufficiency as a key driver of disease. Moreover, acute mTORC1 inhibition in mutant mice prevented experimentally induced seizures, providing a potential therapeutic option for a selective group of patients with focal epilepsy. Our findings reveal an unexpected role for class II PI3K-mediated lipid signalling in regulating mTORC1-dependent neuronal excitability in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albert Ian Mackintosh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Epilepsy Center (Reference Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies—EpiCARE), Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Iovino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yu Chi Liu
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VictoriaAustralia
| | - Caitlin A Bennett
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VictoriaAustralia
| | - John A Damiano
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gábor Zsurka
- Department of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research and Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg Campus 1, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Caterina Marconi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Giangregorio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pamela Magini
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marijn Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nanophysiology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence in Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan and Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, SISA Bassini Hospital Cinisello B, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baulac
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Unit of Integrated Diagnostics for Epilepsy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Epilepsy Center (Reference Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies—EpiCARE), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Spedali Civili, Neuropsychiatric Department, Brescia, Italy
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Department of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research and Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg Campus 1, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Spedali Civili, Neuropsychiatric Department, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Epilepsy Center (Reference Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies—EpiCARE), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Volker Haucke
- Volker Haucke Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany E-mail:
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Emilio Hirsch via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino (TO), Italy E-mail:
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Correspondence to: Tommaso Pippucci Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (BO), Italy E-mail:
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids derived from phosphatidylinositol, a ubiquitous phospholipid in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic membranes. Initially discovered for their roles in cell signalling, phosphoinositides are now widely recognized as key integrators of membrane dynamics that broadly impact on all aspects of cell physiology and on disease. The past decade has witnessed a vast expansion of our knowledge of phosphoinositide biology. On the endocytic and exocytic routes, phosphoinositides direct the inward and outward flow of membrane as vesicular traffic is coupled to the conversion of phosphoinositides. Moreover, recent findings on the roles of phosphoinositides in autophagy and the endolysosomal system challenge our view of lysosome biology. The non-vesicular exchange of lipids, ions and metabolites at membrane contact sites in between organelles has also been found to depend on phosphoinositides. Here we review our current understanding of how phosphoinositides shape and direct membrane dynamics to impact on cell physiology, and provide an overview of emerging concepts in phosphoinositide regulation.
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18
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An Overview of Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:51-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. Protein kinase N2 connects blood flow with NO production in a double AKT. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e154256. [PMID: 34720094 PMCID: PMC8553563 DOI: 10.1172/jci154256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is an important regulator of blood flow, and luminal endothelial cells (ECs) sense increases in frictional forces and respond with an appropriate release of vasoactive mediators. In this issue of the JCI, Jin et al. identified a mechanism by which ECs respond to shear stress with endothelial NOS (eNOS) activation and NO release. The authors showed that PKN2 was activated by fluid shear stress and contributed to eNOS activation via a double play - indirect phosphorylation at serine 1177 (S1177) via AKT and direct phosphorylation of the S1179 site. Phosphorylation of both sites individually increased eNOS activity, but together they had an additive effect. In sum, these findings reveal exciting details about how shear stress regulates eNOS and have important implications for blood flow and blood pressure.
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20
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Tan YZ, Xu XY, Dai JM, Yin Y, He XT, Zhang YL, Zhu TX, An Y, Tian BM, Chen FM. Melatonin induces the rejuvenation of long-term ex vivo expanded periodontal ligament stem cells by modulating the autophagic process. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:254. [PMID: 33926537 PMCID: PMC8082824 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells that have undergone long-term ex vivo expansion are most likely functionally compromised (namely cellular senescence) in terms of their stem cell properties and therapeutic potential. Due to its ability to attenuate cellular senescence, melatonin (MLT) has been proposed as an adjuvant in long-term cell expansion protocols, but the mechanism underlying MLT-induced cell rejuvenation remains largely unknown. Methods Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated and cultured ex vivo for up to 15 passages, and cells from passages 2, 7, and 15 (P2, P7, and P15) were used to investigate cellular senescence and autophagy change in response to long-term expansion and indeed the following MLT treatment. Next, we examined whether MLT could induce cell rejuvenation by restoring the autophagic processes of damaged cells and explored the underlying signaling pathways. In this context, cellular senescence was indicated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and by the expression of senescence-related proteins, including p53, p21, p16, and γ-H2AX. In parallel, cell autophagic processes were evaluated by examining autophagic vesicles (by transmission electronic microscopy), autophagic flux (by assessing mRFP-GFP-LC3-transfected cells), and autophagy-associated proteins (by Western blot assay of Atg7, Beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62). Results We found that long-term in vitro passaging led to cell senescence along with impaired autophagy. As expected, MLT supplementation not only restored cells to a younger state but also restored autophagy in senescent cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that autophagy inhibitors could block MLT-induced cell rejuvenation. When the underlying signaling pathways involved were investigated, we found that the MLT receptor (MT) mediated MLT-related autophagy restoration by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions The present study suggests that MLT may attenuate long-term expansion-caused cellular senescence by restoring autophagy, most likely via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in an MT-dependent manner. This is the first report identifying the involvement of MT-dependent PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in MLT-induced autophagy alteration, indicating a potential of autophagy-restoring agents such as MLT to be used in the development of optimized clinical-scale cell production protocols. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02322-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Tan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Xu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environments, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Min Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Anquetil T, Solinhac R, Jaffre A, Chicanne G, Viaud J, Darcourt J, Orset C, Geuss E, Kleinschnitz C, Vanhaesebroeck B, Vivien D, Hnia K, Larrue V, Payrastre B, Gratacap MP. PI3KC2β inactivation stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and preserves vascular integrity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51299. [PMID: 33880878 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium protection is critical, because of the impact of vascular leakage and edema on pathological conditions such as brain ischemia. Whereas deficiency of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha (PI3KC2α) results in an increase in vascular permeability, we uncover a crucial role of the beta isoform (PI3KC2β) in the loss of endothelial barrier integrity following injury. Here, we studied the role of PI3KC2β in endothelial permeability and endosomal trafficking in vitro and in vivo in ischemic stroke. Mice with inactive PI3KC2β showed protection against vascular permeability, edema, cerebral infarction, and deleterious inflammatory response. Loss of PI3KC2β in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells stabilized homotypic cell-cell junctions by increasing Rab11-dependent VE-cadherin recycling. These results identify PI3KC2β as a potential new therapeutic target to prevent aggravating lesions following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhaine Anquetil
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Solinhac
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Jaffre
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Darcourt
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- INSERM, UMR-S U1237 and Caen-Normandie University, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Eva Geuss
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, UMR-S U1237 and Caen-Normandie University, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,CHU Caen, Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Karim Hnia
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Larrue
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gratacap
- INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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22
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Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoforms in vesicular trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:893-901. [PMID: 33666217 PMCID: PMC8106491 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are critical regulators of many cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal reorganization, and intracellular vesicular trafficking. They are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate membrane phosphoinositide lipids at the 3′ position of their inositol rings, and in mammals they are divided into three classes. The role of the class III PI3K Vps34 is well-established, but recent evidence suggests the physiological significance of class II PI3K isoforms in vesicular trafficking. This review focuses on the recently discovered functions of the distinct PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β class II PI3K isoforms in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and consequent endosomal signaling, and discusses recently reported data on class II PI3K isoforms in different physiological contexts in comparison with class I and III isoforms.
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23
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Abstract
Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism is a highly controlled process that involves cross talk between growth signaling and metabolic pathways. Despite constant fluctuations in nutrient availability and environmental signals, normal cells restore metabolic homeostasis to maintain cellular functions and prevent disease. A central signaling molecule that integrates growth with metabolism is the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a protein kinase that responds to levels of nutrients and growth signals. mTOR forms two protein complexes, mTORC1, which is sensitive to rapamycin, and mTORC2, which is not directly inhibited by this drug. Rapamycin has facilitated the discovery of the various functions of mTORC1 in metabolism. Genetic models that disrupt either mTORC1 or mTORC2 have expanded our knowledge of their cellular, tissue, as well as systemic functions in metabolism. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the regulation and functions of mTORC2, particularly in metabolism, has lagged behind. Since mTOR is an important target for cancer, aging, and other metabolism-related pathologies, understanding the distinct and overlapping regulation and functions of the two mTOR complexes is vital for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the key discoveries and recent findings on the regulation and metabolic functions of the mTOR complexes. We highlight findings from cancer models but also discuss other examples of the mTOR-mediated metabolic reprogramming occurring in stem and immune cells, type 2 diabetes/obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelia Szwed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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24
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The structure and function of protein kinase C-related kinases (PRKs). Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:217-235. [PMID: 33522581 PMCID: PMC7925014 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK) family of serine/threonine kinases, PRK1, PRK2 and PRK3, are effectors for the Rho family small G proteins. An array of studies have linked these kinases to multiple signalling pathways and physiological roles, but while PRK1 is relatively well-characterized, the entire PRK family remains understudied. Here, we provide a holistic overview of the structure and function of PRKs and describe the molecular events that govern activation and autoregulation of catalytic activity, including phosphorylation, protein interactions and lipid binding. We begin with a structural description of the regulatory and catalytic domains, which facilitates the understanding of their regulation in molecular detail. We then examine their diverse physiological roles in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell adhesion, chromatin remodelling, androgen receptor signalling, cell cycle regulation, the immune response, glucose metabolism and development, highlighting isoform redundancy but also isoform specificity. Finally, we consider the involvement of PRKs in pathologies, including cancer, heart disease and bacterial infections. The abundance of PRK-driven pathologies suggests that these enzymes will be good therapeutic targets and we briefly report some of the progress to date.
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25
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Koch PA, Dornan GL, Hessenberger M, Haucke V. The molecular mechanisms mediating class II PI 3-kinase function in cell physiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7025-7042. [PMID: 33387369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of lipid-modifying enzymes plays vital roles in cell signaling and membrane trafficking through the production of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. Numerous studies have analyzed the structure and function of class I and class III PI3Ks. In contrast, we know comparably little about the structure and physiological functions of the class II enzymes. Only recent studies have begun to unravel their roles in development, endocytic and endolysosomal membrane dynamics, signal transduction, and cell migration, while the mechanisms that control their localization and enzymatic activity remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the class II PI3Ks and outline open questions related to their structure, enzymatic activity, and their physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Alexander Koch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Hessenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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26
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Saftig P, Puertollano R. How Lysosomes Sense, Integrate, and Cope with Stress. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:97-112. [PMID: 33012625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are in the center of the cellular control of catabolic and anabolic processes. These membrane-surrounded acidic organelles contain around 70 hydrolases, 200 membrane proteins, and numerous accessory proteins associated with the cytosolic surface of lysosomes. Accessory and transmembrane proteins assemble in signaling complexes that sense and integrate multiple signals and transmit the information to the nucleus. This communication allows cells to respond to changes in multiple environmental conditions, including nutrient levels, pathogens, energy availability, and lysosomal damage, with the goal of restoring cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the major molecular players and known pathways that are involved in control of metabolic and stress responses that either originate from lysosomes or regulate lysosomal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Sophocleous G, Wood G, Owen D, Mott HR. 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of the HR1c domain of PRK1, a protein kinase C-related kinase. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:245-250. [PMID: 32500230 PMCID: PMC7462907 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PRK1 is a member of the protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK) family of serine/threonine kinases and a downstream effector of Rho GTPases. PRK1 has three N-terminal Homology Region 1 (HR1) domains (HR1a, HR1b and HR1c), which form antiparallel coiled coils that interact with Rho family GTPases. PRK1 also has a C2-like domain that targets it to the plasma membrane and a kinase domain, which is a member of the protein kinase C superfamily. PRK1 is involved in cytoskeletal regulation, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression and the immune response, and is implicated in cancer. There is currently no structural information for the HR1c domain. The 1H, 15N and 13C NMR backbone and sidechain resonance assignment of the HR1c domain presented here forms the basis for this domain's structural characterisation. This work will also enable studies of interactions between the three HR1 domains in an effort to obtain structural insight into the regulation of PRK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Wood
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Department of Pathology, 10, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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The Mammalian Crumbs Complex Defines a Distinct Polarity Domain Apical of Epithelial Tight Junctions. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2791-2804.e6. [PMID: 32531288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial apico-basal polarity is established through the asymmetric cortical distribution of the Par, Crumbs and Scribble polarity modules. Apical (Par and Crumbs) and basolateral (Scribble) polarity modules overlap at the apical-lateral border, which, in mammals, is defined by the apical junctional complex (AJC). The AJC is composed of tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) and plays fundamental roles in epithelial morphogenesis and plasticity. However, the molecular composition and precise sub-junctional organization of the AJC and its associated polarity regulators are not well defined. Here, we used the peroxidase APEX2 for quantitative proximity proteomics (QPP) and electron microscopy (EM) imaging to dissect the architecture of the AJC in fully polarized MDCK-II cells. We present a high-confidence proteome of the apical-lateral border in which TJ and AJ components and apical and lateral compartment markers are spatially resolved. We further demonstrate that the Crumbs complex (Pals1, PatJ, Lin7c, and Crumbs3) defines a hitherto unidentified membrane compartment apical of TJ, which we coin the vertebrate marginal zone (VMZ). QPP, imaging, and immunoprecipitation assays showed that the HOMER scaffolding proteins, PKN2 and PTPN13, and the membrane-proximal HIPPO pathway proteins ARHGAP29 and STXBP4 are recruited to the VMZ via the PDZ domains of PatJ. Taken together, our work defines the spatial and molecular organization of the apical-lateral border in mammalian epithelial cells, reveals an intriguing molecular and spatial conservation of invertebrate and vertebrate cell polarity protein domains, and identifies a VMZ-associated protein network implicated in HIPPO signaling and the control of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
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29
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Gozzelino L, De Santis MC, Gulluni F, Hirsch E, Martini M. PI(3,4)P2 Signaling in Cancer and Metabolism. Front Oncol 2020; 10:360. [PMID: 32296634 PMCID: PMC7136497 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositide 3 kinases (PI3Ks) and their downstream mediators AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are central regulators of glycolysis, cancer metabolism, and cancer cell proliferation. At the molecular level, PI3K signaling involves the generation of the second messenger lipids phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]. There is increasing evidence that PI(3,4)P2 is not only the waste product for the removal of PI(3,4,5)P3 but can also act as a signaling molecule. The selective cellular functions for PI(3,4)P2 independent of PI(3,4,5)P3 have been recently described, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis and mTOR regulation. However, the specific spatiotemporal dynamics and signaling role of PI3K minor lipid messenger PI(3,4)P2 are not well-understood. This review aims at highlighting the biological functions of this lipid downstream of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases and its implication in cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gozzelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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30
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Islam S, Yoshioka K, Aki S, Ishimaru K, Yamada H, Takuwa N, Takuwa Y. Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α and β isoforms are required for vascular smooth muscle Rho activation, contraction and blood pressure regulation in mice. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:18. [PMID: 32192434 PMCID: PMC7082390 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β, are involved in cellular processes including endocytosis, cilia formation and autophagy. However, the role of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β at the organismal level is not well understood. We found that double knockout (KO) mice with both smooth muscle-specific KO of PI3K-C2α and global PI3K-C2β KO, but not single KO mice of either PI3K-C2α or PI3K-C2β, exhibited reductions in arterial blood pressure and substantial attenuation of contractile responses of isolated aortic rings. In wild-type vascular smooth muscle cells, double knockdown of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β but not single knockdown of either PI3K markedly inhibited contraction with reduced phosphorylation of 20-kDa myosin light chain and MYPT1 and Rho activation, but without inhibition of the intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. These data indicate that PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β play the redundant but essential role for vascular smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure regulation mainly through their involvement in Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidul Islam
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sho Aki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 929-1210, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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31
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Effect of glucose, soya oil and glutamine on protein expression and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway of jejunal crypt enterocytes in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:481-488. [PMID: 31623699 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of glucose, soya oil or glutamine on jejunal morphology, protein metabolism and protein expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway in jejunal villus or crypt compartment of piglets. Forty-two 21 d-weaned piglets were randomly allotted to one of the three isoenergetic diets formulated with glucose, soya oil or glutamine for 28 d. On day 14 or 28, the proteins in crypt enterocytes were analysed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and proteins involved in mTORC1 signalling pathway in villus or crypt compartment cells were determined by Western blotting. Our results showed no significant differences (P > 0·05) in jejunal morphology among the three treatments on day 14 or 28. The differentially expressed proteins mainly took part in a few network pathways, including antimicrobial or inflammatory response, cell death and survival, digestive system development and function and carbohydrate metabolism. On day 14 or 28, there were higher protein expression of eukaryotic initiation factor-4E binding protein-1 in jejunal crypt compartment of piglets supplemented with glucose or glutamine compared with soya oil. On day 28, higher protein expression of phosphor-mTOR in crypt compartment was observed in piglets supplemented with glucose compared with the soya oil. In conclusion, the isoenergetic glucose, soya oil or glutamine did not affect the jejunal morphology of piglets; however, they had different effects on the protein metabolism in crypt compartment. Compared with soya oil, glucose or glutamine may be better energy supplies for enterocytes in jejunal crypt compartment.
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Scott F, Fala AM, Pennicott LE, Reuillon TD, Massirer KB, Elkins JM, Ward SE. Development of 2-(4-pyridyl)-benzimidazoles as PKN2 chemical tools to probe cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127040. [PMID: 32085971 PMCID: PMC7078758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are signalling proteins which have proven to be successful targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases, predominantly in cancers. However, only a small proportion of kinases (<20%) have been investigated for their therapeutic viability, likely due to the lack of available chemical tools across the kinome. In this work we describe initial efforts in the development of a selective chemical tool for protein kinase N2 (PKN2), a relatively unexplored kinase of interest in several types of cancer. The most successful compound, 5, has a measured IC50 of 0.064 μM against PKN2, with ca. 17-fold selectivity over close homologue, PKN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Scott
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Angela M Fala
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil.
| | - Lewis E Pennicott
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Tristan D Reuillon
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil.
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon E Ward
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
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Wang H, Loerke D, Bruns C, Müller R, Koch PA, Puchkov D, Schultz C, Haucke V. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate synthesis and turnover are spatially segregated in the endocytic pathway. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1091-1104. [PMID: 31831620 PMCID: PMC6983852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides play crucial roles in intracellular membrane dynamics and cell signaling, with phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-phosphates being the predominant phosphoinositide lipids at endosomes and lysosomes, whereas PI 4-phosphates, such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), are enriched at the cell surface including sites of endocytosis. How PI 4-phosphates and PI 3-phosphates are dynamically interconverted within the endocytic pathway and how this is controlled in space and time remains poorly understood. Here, combining live imaging, genome engineering, and acute chemical and genetic manipulations, we found that local synthesis of PI(3,4)P2 by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2α at plasma membrane clathrin-coated pits is spatially segregated from its hydrolysis by the PI(3,4)P2-specific inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase 4A (INPP4A). We observed that INPP4A is dispensable for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is undetectable in endocytic clathrin-coated pits. Instead, we found that INPP4A partially localizes to endosomes and that loss of INPP4A in HAP1 cancer cells perturbs signaling via AKT kinase and mTOR complex 1. These results reveal a function for INPP4-mediated PI(3,4)P2 hydrolysis in local regulation of growth factor and nutrient signals at endosomes in cancer cells. They further suggest a model whereby synthesis and turnover of PI(3,4)P2 are spatially segregated within the endocytic pathway to couple endocytic membrane traffic to growth factor and nutrient signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dinah Loerke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208
| | - Caroline Bruns
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp-Alexander Koch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239–3098
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany, To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
49-30-94793101; Fax:
49-30-94793109; E-mail:
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Wang H, Loerke D, Bruns C, Müller R, Koch PA, Puchkov D, Schultz C, Haucke V. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate synthesis and turnover are spatially segregated in the endocytic pathway. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Yue J, Wang XS, Feng B, Hu LN, Yang LK, Lu L, Zhang K, Wang YT, Liu SB. Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Protects Neurons against Excitotoxicity through Inhibiting Excessive Autophagy Induced by Glutamate. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4227-4236. [PMID: 31545891 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protecting intracellular pathway to transmit unnecessary or dysfunctional components to the lysosome for degeneration. Autophagic imbalance is connected with neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease are closely related to excitotoxicity and neuronal loss. Activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an estrogen membrane receptor, protects neurons from excitotoxicity-induced cell death. However, whether autophagy is involved in the neuroprotective effect of GPR30 activation is not well-known. In this study, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), Western blot, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, and immunofluorescent staining were employed to detect the role of autophagy in cultured primary cortical neurons after glutamate exposure and G1 treatment. Pretreatment of G1 (GPR30 specific agonist) reduced neuronal loss through inhibiting excessive autophagy induced by glutamate exposure, which was blocked by GPR30 antagonist G15, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. These data suggest that GPR30 protects neurons from cell loss primarily by modulating PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, G1 alone did not affect the basal autophagy and cell viability. We conclude that GPR30 activation reduces glutamate-induced excessive autophagy in neurons and protects neurons against excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xin-shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Li-ning Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Liu-kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ya-tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shui-bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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