1
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Deng Y, Wang M, Xiang Z, Zhu K, Hu T, Lu L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Lei B, Chen X. Room-Temperature Highly Efficient Nonvolatile Magnetization Switching by Current in van der Waals Fe 3GaTe 2 Devices. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39017705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate magnetic states by a low electric current represents a fundamental desire in spintronics. In recent years, two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have attracted an extensive amount of attention due to their appreciable spin-orbit torque effect. However, for most known vdW ferromagnets, their relatively low Curie temperatures (TC) limit their applications. Consequently, low-power vdW spintronic devices that can operate at room temperature are in great demand. In this research, we fabricate nanodevices based on a solitary thin flake of vdW ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, in which we successfully achieve nonvolatile and highly efficient magnetization switching by small currents at room temperature. Notably, the switching current density and the switching power dissipation are as low as 1.7 × 105 A/cm2 and 1.6 × 1013 W/m3, respectively, with an external magnetic field of 80 Oe; both are much reduced compared to those of conventional magnet/heavy metal heterostructure devices and other vdW devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Deng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ziji Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kejia Zhu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Longyu Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yupeng Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Bin Lei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xianhui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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2
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Backes D, Fujita R, Veiga LSI, Mayoh DA, Wood GDA, Dhesi SS, Balakrishnan G, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T. Valence-state mixing and reduced magnetic moment inFe3-δGeTe2single crystals with varying Fe content probed by x-ray spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:395709. [PMID: 38959868 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5e87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We present a spectroscopic study of the magnetic properties ofFe3-δGeTe2single crystals with varying Fe content, achieved by tuning the stoichiometry of the crystals. We carried out x-ray absorption spectroscopy and analyzed the x-ray circular magnetic dichroism spectra using the sum rules, to determine the orbital and spin magnetic moments of the materials. We find a clear reduction of the spin and orbital magnetic moment with increasing Fe deficiency. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the reduction in magnetization is accompanied by a reduced Curie temperature. Multiplet calculations reveal that the Fe2+state increasingly mixes with a higher valence state when the Fe deficiency is increased. This effect is correlated with the weakening of the magnetic moment. As single crystals are the base material for exfoliation processes, our results are relevant for the assembly of 2D magnetic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Backes
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - R Fujita
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L S I Veiga
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - D A Mayoh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - G D A Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S S Dhesi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - G Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - G van der Laan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - T Hesjedal
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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3
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Chen J, Yang X, Zhou F, Lau YC, Feng W, Yao Y, Li Y, Jiang Y, Wang W. Colossal anomalous Hall effect in the layered antiferromagnetic EuAl 2Si 2 compound. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38990691 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE), significantly enhanced by the extrinsic mechanism, has attracted attention for its almost unlimited Hall response, which exceeds the upper limit of the Berry curvature mechanism. However, due to the high conductivity in the clean regime and weak skew scattering, it is a great challenge to obtain large anomalous Hall conductivities and large anomalous Hall angles at the same time. Here, we unveil a new magnetic metal system, EuAl2Si2, which hosts both colossal anomalous Hall conductivity (σAxy ≥ 104 Ω-1 cm-1) and large anomalous Hall angle (AHA >10%). The scaling relation suggests that the skew scattering mechanism is dominant in the colossal anomalous Hall response and gives rise to a large skew scattering constant. The large effective SOC and large magnetic moment may account for this anomaly. Our results indicate that EuAl2Si2 is a good platform to study the extrinsic AHE mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Yong-Chang Lau
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanxiang Feng
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yugui Yao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Wenhong Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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4
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Shu Z, Zhang S, Kong T. Spin stiffness and spin excitation gap of van der Waals ferromagneticFe3+δGeTe2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:385801. [PMID: 38870997 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Fe3+δGeTe2(FGT) has proved to be an interesting van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic compound with a tunable Curie temperature (TC). However, the underlying mechanism for varyingTCremains elusive. Here, we systematically investigate and compare low-temperature magnetic properties of single crystalline FGT samples that exhibitTCs ranging from 160 K to 205 K. Spin stiffness (D) and spin excitation gap (Δ) are extracted using Bloch's theory for crystals with varying Fe content. Compared to Cr-based vdW ferromagnets, FGT compounds have higher spin stiffness values but lower spin wave excitation gaps. We discuss the implication of these relationships in Fe-Fe ion magnetic interactions in FGT unit cells. The itinerancy of magnetic electrons is measured and discussed under the Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio (RWR) and the Takahashi theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Shu
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Tai Kong
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
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5
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Choi M, Oh S, Hahn S, Ji Y, Jo MK, Kim J, Ju TS, Kim G, Gyeon M, Lee Y, Do J, Choi S, Kim A, Yang S, Hwang C, Kim KJ, Cho D, Kim C, Kang K, Jeong HY, Song S. Wafer-Scale Synthesis of Highly Oriented 2D Topological Semimetal PtTe 2 via Tellurization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15154-15166. [PMID: 38808726 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Platinum ditelluride (1T-PtTe2) is a two-dimensional (2D) topological semimetal with a distinctive band structure and flexibility of van der Waals integration as a promising candidate for future electronics and spintronics. Although the synthesis of large-scale, uniform, and highly crystalline films of 2D semimetals system is a prerequisite for device application, the synthetic methods meeting these criteria are still lacking. Here, we introduce an approach to synthesize highly oriented 2D topological semimetal PtTe2 using a thermally assisted conversion called tellurization, which is a cost-efficient method compared to the other epitaxial deposition methods. We demonstrate that achieving highly crystalline 1T-PtTe2 using tellurization is not dependent on epitaxy but rather relies on two critical factors: (i) the crystallinity of the predeposited platinum (Pt) film and (ii) the surface coverage ratio of the Pt film considering lateral lattice expansion during transformation. By optimizing the surface coverage ratio of the epitaxial Pt film, we successfully obtained 2 in. wafer-scale uniformity without in-plane misalignment between antiparallelly oriented domains. The electronic band structure of 2D topological PtTe2 is clearly resolved in momentum space, and we observed an interesting 6-fold gapped Dirac cone at the Fermi surface. Furthermore, ultrahigh electrical conductivity down to ∼3.8 nm, which is consistent with that of single crystal PtTe2, was observed, proving its ultralow defect density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyuk Choi
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University (HYU), Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Oh
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Hahn
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Ji
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Jo
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seong Ju
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongbo Kim
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Semiconductor Science and Engineering, Yonsei University (YU), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseung Gyeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhwa Lee
- Department of High Temperature Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Do
- Department of High Temperature Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwook Choi
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansoon Kim
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmo Yang
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyong Hwang
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kab-Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohee Cho
- Graduate Program of Semiconductor Science and Engineering, Yonsei University (YU), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University (YU), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Song
- Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Semiconductor Science and Engineering, Yonsei University (YU), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Lin W, Wu Y, Broyles C, Kong T, Ran S. A single crystal study of Kagome metals U 2Mn 3Ge and U 2Fe 3Ge. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:345602. [PMID: 38768610 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad4df8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Single crystals of U2Mn3Ge and U2Fe3Ge with a Kagome lattice structure were synthesized using a high-temperature self-flux crystal growth method. The physical properties of these crystals were characterized through measurements of resistivity, magnetism, and specific heat. U2Fe3Ge exhibits ferromagnetic ground state and anomalous Hall effect, and U2Mn3Ge demonstrates a complex magnetic structure. Both compounds exhibit large Sommerfeld coefficient, indicating coexistence of heavy Fermion behaviour with magnetism. Our results suggest that this U2TM3Ge (TM = Mn, Fe, Co) family is a promising platform to investigate the interplay of magnetism, Kondo physics and the Kagome lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Lin
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Christopher Broyles
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Tai Kong
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Sheng Ran
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
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7
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Cho W, Kang YG, Cha J, Lee DHD, Kiem DH, Oh J, Joo Y, Yer S, Kim D, Park J, Kim C, Yang Y, Kim Y, Han MJ, Yang H. Singular Hall Response from a Correlated Ferromagnetic Flat Nodal-Line Semimetal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402040. [PMID: 38798189 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Topological quantum phases are largely understood in weakly correlated systems, which have identified various quantum phenomena, such as the spin Hall effect, protected transport of helical fermions, and topological superconductivity. Robust ferromagnetic order in correlated topological materials particularly attracts attention, as it can provide a versatile platform for novel quantum devices. Here, a singular Hall response arising from a unique band structure of flat topological nodal lines in combination with electron correlation in a van der Waals ferromagnetic semimetal, Fe3GaTe2, with a high Curie temperature of Tc = 347 K is reported. High anomalous Hall conductivity violating the conventional scaling, resistivity upturn at low temperature, and a large Sommerfeld coefficient are observed in Fe3GaTe2, which implies heavy fermion features in this ferromagnetic topological material. The scanning tunneling microscopy, circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations support the original electronic features of the material. Thus, low-dimensional Fe3GaTe2 with electronic correlation, topology, and room-temperature ferromagnetic order appears to be a promising candidate for robust quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyun Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Gu Kang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaehun Cha
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun David Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kiem
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaewhan Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yanggeun Joo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Yer
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jongho Park
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yongsoo Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yeongkwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Myung Joon Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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8
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Susilo RA, Kwon CI, Lee Y, Salke NP, De C, Seo J, Kang B, Hemley RJ, Dalladay-Simpson P, Wang Z, Kim DY, Kim K, Cheong SW, Yeom HW, Kim KH, Kim JS. High-temperature concomitant metal-insulator and spin-reorientation transitions in a compressed nodal-line ferrimagnet Mn 3Si 2Te 6. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3998. [PMID: 38734704 PMCID: PMC11088669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-protected band degeneracy, coupled with a magnetic order, is the key to realizing novel magnetoelectric phenomena in topological magnets. While the spin-polarized nodal states have been identified to introduce extremely-sensitive electronic responses to the magnetic states, their possible role in determining magnetic ground states has remained elusive. Here, taking external pressure as a control knob, we show that a metal-insulator transition, a spin-reorientation transition, and a structural modification occur concomitantly when the nodal-line state crosses the Fermi level in a ferrimagnetic semiconductor Mn3Si2Te6. These unique pressure-driven magnetic and electronic transitions, associated with the dome-shaped Tc variation up to nearly room temperature, originate from the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling of the nodal-line state and magnetic frustration of localized spins. Our findings highlight that the nodal-line states, isolated from other trivial states, can facilitate strongly tunable magnetic properties in topological magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resta A Susilo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chang Il Kwon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Yoonhan Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, CeNSCMR, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nilesh P Salke
- Departments of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chandan De
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Junho Seo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Beomtak Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Russell J Hemley
- Departments of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Zifan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Duck Young Kim
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Kyoo Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Laboratory of Pohang Emergent Materials, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Korea
- Rutgers Center for emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Han Woong Yeom
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Kee Hoon Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, CeNSCMR, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea.
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9
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Jin S, Wang Y, Zheng H, Dong S, Han K, Wang Z, Wang G, Jiang X, Wang X, Hong J, Huang H, Zhang Y, Xia TL, Wang X. Thickness- and Field-Dependent Magnetic Domain Evolution in van der Waals Fe 3GaTe 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5467-5473. [PMID: 38647318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of room-temperature ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) materials opens new avenues for exploring low-dimensional magnetism and its applications in spintronics. Recently, the observation of the room-temperature topological Hall effect in the vdW ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 suggests the possible existence of room-temperature skyrmions, yet skyrmions have not been directly observed. In this study, real-space imaging was employed to investigate the domain evolution of the labyrinth and skyrmion structure. First, Néel-type skyrmions can be created at room temperature. In addition, the influence of flake thickness and external magnetic field (during field cooling) on both labyrinth domains and the skyrmion lattice is unveiled. Due to the competition between magnetic anisotropy and dipole interactions, the specimen thickness significantly influences the density of skyrmions. These findings demonstrate that Fe3GaTe2 can host room-temperature skyrmions of various sizes, opening up avenues for further study of magnetic topological textures at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhao Jin
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shouzhe Dong
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Beijing National State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xingang Jiang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing National State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tian-Long Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Ji Y, Yang S, Ahn HB, Moon KW, Ju TS, Im MY, Han HS, Lee J, Park SY, Lee C, Kim KJ, Hwang C. Direct Observation of Room-Temperature Magnetic Skyrmion Motion Driven by Ultra-Low Current Density in Van Der Waals Ferromagnets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312013. [PMID: 38270245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of room-temperature ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT), has garnered significant interest in offering a robust platform for 2D spintronic applications. Various fundamental operations essential for the realization of 2D spintronics devices are experimentally confirmed using these materials at room temperature, such as current-induced magnetization switching or tunneling magnetoresistance. Nevertheless, the potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in FGaT systems at room temperature remain unexplored. In this work, the current-induced generation of magnetic skyrmions in FGaT flakes employing high-resolution magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy is introduced, supported by a feasible mechanism based on thermal effects. Furthermore, direct observation of the current-induced magnetic skyrmion motion at room temperature in FGaT flakes is presented with ultra-low threshold current density. This work highlights the potential of FGaT as a foundation for room-temperature-operating 2D skyrmion device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Ji
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmo Yang
- Quantum Spin Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bin Ahn
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woong Moon
- Quantum Spin Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seong Ju
- Quantum Spin Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Im
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hee-Sung Han
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Lee
- Center for scientific instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Young Park
- Center for scientific instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgu Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungykunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kab-Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyong Hwang
- Quantum Spin Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ma S, Li G, Li Z, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li N, Chen H, Zhang N, Liu W, Huang Y. Negative Photoconductivity of Fe 3GeTe 2 Crystal with Native Heterostructure for Ultraviolet to Terahertz Ultra-Broadband Photodetection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305709. [PMID: 38207342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Gaining insight into the photoelectric behavior of ferromagnetic materials is significant for comprehensively grasping their intrinsic properties and broadening future application fields. Here, through a specially designed Fe3GeTe2/O-Fe3GeTe2 heterostructure, first, the broad-spectrum negative photoconductivity phenomenon of ferromagnetic nodal line semimetal Fe3GeTe2 is reported that covers UV-vis-infrared-terahertz bands (355 nm to 3000 µm), promising to compensate for the inadequacies of traditional optoelectronic devices. The significant suppression of photoexcitation conductivity is revealed to arise from the semimetal/oxidation (sMO) interface-assisted dual-response mechanism, in which the electron excitation origins from the semiconductor photoconductivity effect in high-energy photon region, and semimetal topological band-transition in low-energy photon region. High responsivities ranging from 103 to 100 mA W-1 are acquired within ultraviolet-terahertz bands under ±0.1 V bias voltage at room temperature. Notably, the responsivity of 2.572 A W-1 at 3000 µm (0.1 THz) and the low noise equivalent power of 26 pW Hz-1/2 surpass most state-of-the-art mainstream terahertz detectors. This research provides a new perspective for revealing the photoelectric conversion properties of Fe3GeTe2 crystal and paves the way for the development of spin-optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ma
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tingyuan Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Li
- Institute of Modern Optics, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Chen
- Institute of Modern Optics, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang KX, Ju H, Kim H, Cui J, Keum J, Park JG, Lee JS. Broken Inversion Symmetry in Van Der Waals Topological Ferromagnetic Metal Iron Germanium Telluride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312824. [PMID: 38161222 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inversion symmetry breaking is critical for many quantum effects and fundamental for spin-orbit torque, which is crucial for next-generation spintronics. Recently, a novel type of gigantic intrinsic spin-orbit torque is established in the topological van der Waals (vdW) magnet iron germanium telluride. However, it remains a puzzle because no clear evidence exists for interlayer inversion symmetry breaking. Here, the definitive evidence of broken inversion symmetry in iron germanium telluride directly measured by the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique is reported. The data show that the crystal symmetry reduces from centrosymmetric P63/mmc to noncentrosymmetric polar P3m1 space group, giving the threefold SHG pattern with dominant out-of-plane polarization. Additionally, the SHG response evolves from an isotropic pattern to a sharp threefold symmetry upon increasing Fe deficiency, mainly due to the transition from random defects to ordered Fe vacancies. Such SHG response is robust against temperature, ensuring unaltered crystalline symmetries above and below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. These findings add crucial new information to the understanding of this interesting vdW metal, iron germanium telluride: band topology, intrinsic spin-orbit torque, and topological vdW polar metal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Quantum Materials, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hwiin Ju
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Quantum Materials, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jingyuan Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Quantum Materials, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Keum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Quantum Materials, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Quantum Materials, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
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13
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Wu N, Zhang S, Chen D, Wang Y, Meng S. Three-stage ultrafast demagnetization dynamics in a monolayer ferromagnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2804. [PMID: 38555344 PMCID: PMC10981666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense laser pulses can be used to demagnetize a magnetic material on an extremely short timescale. While this ultrafast demagnetization offers the potential for new magneto-optical devices, it poses challenges in capturing coupled spin-electron and spin-lattice dynamics. In this article, we study the photoinduced ultrafast demagnetization of a prototype monolayer ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 and resolve the three-stage demagnetization process characterized by an ultrafast and substantial demagnetization on a timescale of 100 fs, followed by light-induced coherent A1g phonon dynamics which is strongly coupled to the spin dynamics in the next 200-800 fs. In the third stage, chiral lattice vibrations driven by nonlinear phonon couplings, both in-plane and out-of-plane are produced, resulting in significant spin precession. Nonadiabatic effects are found to introduce considerable phonon hardening and suppress the spin-lattice couplings during demagnetization. Our results advance our understanding of dynamic charge-spin-lattice couplings in the ultrafast demagnetization and evidence angular momentum transfer between the phonon and spin degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Daqiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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14
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Wu H, Chen L, Malinowski P, Jang BG, Deng Q, Scott K, Huang J, Ruff JPC, He Y, Chen X, Hu C, Yue Z, Oh JS, Teng X, Guo Y, Klemm M, Shi C, Shi Y, Setty C, Werner T, Hashimoto M, Lu D, Yilmaz T, Vescovo E, Mo SK, Fedorov A, Denlinger JD, Xie Y, Gao B, Kono J, Dai P, Han Y, Xu X, Birgeneau RJ, Zhu JX, da Silva Neto EH, Wu L, Chu JH, Si Q, Yi M. Reversible non-volatile electronic switching in a near-room-temperature van der Waals ferromagnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2739. [PMID: 38548765 PMCID: PMC10978849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-volatile phase-change memory devices utilize local heating to toggle between crystalline and amorphous states with distinct electrical properties. Expanding on this kind of switching to two topologically distinct phases requires controlled non-volatile switching between two crystalline phases with distinct symmetries. Here, we report the observation of reversible and non-volatile switching between two stable and closely related crystal structures, with remarkably distinct electronic structures, in the near-room-temperature van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5-δGeTe2. We show that the switching is enabled by the ordering and disordering of Fe site vacancies that results in distinct crystalline symmetries of the two phases, which can be controlled by a thermal annealing and quenching method. The two phases are distinguished by the presence of topological nodal lines due to the preserved global inversion symmetry in the site-disordered phase, flat bands resulting from quantum destructive interference on a bipartite lattice, and broken inversion symmetry in the site-ordered phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Malinowski
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bo Gyu Jang
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Qinwen Deng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kirsty Scott
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob P C Ruff
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yu He
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ziqin Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ji Seop Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaokun Teng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yucheng Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mason Klemm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chuqiao Shi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chandan Setty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tyler Werner
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Donghui Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Turgut Yilmaz
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Elio Vescovo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Sung-Kwan Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexei Fedorov
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Yaofeng Xie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert J Birgeneau
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Eduardo H da Silva Neto
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qimiao Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Guillet T, Galceran R, Sierra JF, Belarre FJ, Ballesteros B, Costache MV, Dosenovic D, Okuno H, Marty A, Jamet M, Bonell F, Valenzuela SO. Spin-Orbit Torques and Magnetization Switching in (Bi,Sb) 2Te 3/Fe 3GeTe 2 Heterostructures Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:822-828. [PMID: 38263950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Topological insulators (TIs) hold promise for manipulating the magnetization of a ferromagnet (FM) through the spin-orbit torque (SOT) mechanism. However, integrating TIs with conventional FMs often leads to significant device-to-device variations and a broad distribution of SOT magnitudes. In this work, we present a scalable approach to grow a full van der Waals FM/TI heterostructure by molecular beam epitaxy, combining the charge-compensated TI (Bi,Sb)2Te3 with 2D FM Fe3GeTe2 (FGT). Harmonic magnetotransport measurements reveal that the SOT efficiency exhibits a non-monotonic temperature dependence and experiences a substantial enhancement with a reduction of the FGT thickness to 2 monolayers. Our study further demonstrates that the magnetization of ultrathin FGT films can be switched with a current density of Jc ∼ 1010 A/m2, with minimal device-to-device variations compared to previous investigations involving traditional FMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guillet
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina Galceran
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Sierra
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Belarre
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marius V Costache
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hanako Okuno
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Marty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG-SPINTEC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Jamet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG-SPINTEC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Bonell
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG-SPINTEC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sergio O Valenzuela
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08070 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Lee JE, Yan S, Oh S, Hwang J, Denlinger JD, Hwang C, Lei H, Mo SK, Park SY, Ryu H. Electronic Structure of Above-Room-Temperature van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 3GaTe 2. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11526-11532. [PMID: 38079244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Fe3GaTe2, a recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnet, demonstrates intrinsic ferromagnetism above room temperature, necessitating a comprehensive investigation of the microscopic origins of its high Curie temperature (TC). In this study, we reveal the electronic structure of Fe3GaTe2 in its ferromagnetic ground state using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Our results establish a consistent correspondence between the measured band structure and theoretical calculations, underscoring the significant contributions of the Heisenberg exchange interaction (Jex) and magnetic anisotropy energy to the development of the high-TC ferromagnetic ordering in Fe3GaTe2. Intriguingly, we observe substantial modifications to these crucial driving factors through doping, which we attribute to alterations in multiple spin-splitting bands near the Fermi level. These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying electronic structure and its correlation with the emergence of high-TC ferromagnetic ordering in Fe3GaTe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Max Planck POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Sehoon Oh
- Department of Physics and Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jinwoong Hwang
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jonathan D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Choongyu Hwang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Quantum Matter Core Facility, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hechang Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Sung-Kwan Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Physics and Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Hyejin Ryu
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
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17
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Zhang S, Huo S, Song X, Zhang X. Surface Stability and Exfoliability of Non-van der Waals Magnetic Chromium Tellurides. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10609-10616. [PMID: 37982382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials from non-van der Waals (non-vdW) materials has attracted increasing attention because it provides a great platform for the construction of 2D magnetic materials. For non-vdW magnetic chromium tellurides with high Curie temperatures, their few-layer samples show promising applications in the field of spintronics. However, there is still no consensus on whether the surface structures of few-layer chromium tellurides should be terminated by Cr or Te atoms. By calculating the surface and exfoliation energy, we find that which structure is more stable depends greatly on the value of the chemical potential of Te atoms, and the few-layer sample with a Cr-terminated surface is easier to exfoliate than that with both Te-terminated surfaces. Finally, we propose that different exfoliated structures can be identified by using the atomic number ratio of Cr to Te and the average magnetic moment of Cr atoms in few-layer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Sitong Huo
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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18
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Li C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu H, Guo Q, Rienks E, Chen W, Bertran F, Yang H, Phuyal D, Fedderwitz H, Thiagarajan B, Dendzik M, Berntsen MH, Shi Y, Xiang T, Tjernberg O. Emergence of Weyl fermions by ferrimagnetism in a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7185. [PMID: 37938548 PMCID: PMC10632385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Condensed matter physics has often provided a platform for investigating the interplay between particles and fields in cases that have not been observed in high-energy physics. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we provide an example of this by visualizing the electronic structure of a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate NdAlSi in both the paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic states. We observe surface Fermi arcs and bulk Weyl fermion dispersion as well as the emergence of new Weyl fermions in the ferrimagnetic state. Our results establish NdAlSi as a magnetic Weyl semimetal and provide an experimental observation of ferrimagnetic regulation of Weyl fermions in condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden.
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
| | - Hongxiong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qinda Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
| | - Emile Rienks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanyu Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
| | - Francois Bertran
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Huancheng Yang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Dibya Phuyal
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maciej Dendzik
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
| | - Magnus H Berntsen
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
| | - Youguo Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Oscar Tjernberg
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden.
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19
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Liu S, Malik IA, Zhang VL, Yu T. Lightning the Spin: Harnessing the Potential of 2D Magnets in Opto-Spintronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306920. [PMID: 37905890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of 2D magnets in 2017, the diversity of these materials has greatly expanded. Their 2D nature (atomic-scale thickness) endows these magnets with strong magnetic anisotropy, layer-dependent and switchable magnetic order, and quantum-confined quasiparticles, which distinguish them from conventional 3D magnetic materials. Moreover, the 2D geometry facilitates light incidence for opto-spintronic applications and potential on-chip integration. In analogy to optoelectronics based on optical-electronic interactions, opto-spintronics use light-spin interactions to process spin information stored in the solid state. In this review, opto-spintronics is divided into three types with respect to the wavelengths of radiation interacting with 2D magnets: 1) GHz (microwave) to THz (mid-infrared), 2) visible, and 3) UV to X-rays. It is focused on the recent research advancements on the newly discovered mechanisms of light-spin interactions in 2D magnets and introduces the potential design of novel opto-spintronic applications based on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | | | - Vanessa Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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20
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Lei S, Allen K, Huang J, Moya JM, Wu TC, Casas B, Zhang Y, Oh JS, Hashimoto M, Lu D, Denlinger J, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Balicas L, Birgeneau R, Foster MS, Yi M, Sun Y, Morosan E. Weyl nodal ring states and Landau quantization with very large magnetoresistance in square-net magnet EuGa 4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5812. [PMID: 37726328 PMCID: PMC10509256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic topological semimetals allow for an effective control of the topological electronic states by tuning the spin configuration. Among them, Weyl nodal line semimetals are thought to have the greatest tunability, yet they are the least studied experimentally due to the scarcity of material candidates. Here, using a combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and quantum oscillation measurements, together with density functional theory calculations, we identify the square-net compound EuGa4 as a magnetic Weyl nodal ring semimetal, in which the line nodes form closed rings near the Fermi level. The Weyl nodal ring states show distinct Landau quantization with clear spin splitting upon application of a magnetic field. At 2 K in a field of 14 T, the transverse magnetoresistance of EuGa4 exceeds 200,000%, which is more than two orders of magnitude larger than that of other known magnetic topological semimetals. Our theoretical model suggests that the non-saturating magnetoresistance up to 40 T arises as a consequence of the nodal ring state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Lei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Kevin Allen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jaime M Moya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tsz Chun Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Brian Casas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahase, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ji Seop Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Donghui Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jonathan Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahase, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Robert Birgeneau
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew S Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Emilia Morosan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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21
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Eom J, Lee IH, Kee JY, Cho M, Seo J, Suh H, Choi HJ, Sim Y, Chen S, Chang HJ, Baek SH, Petrovic C, Ryu H, Jang C, Kim YD, Yang CH, Seong MJ, Lee JH, Park SY, Choi JW. Voltage control of magnetism in Fe 3-xGeTe 2/In 2Se 3 van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5605. [PMID: 37699895 PMCID: PMC10497543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the voltage control of magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure device consisting of two distinct vdW materials, the ferromagnetic Fe3-xGeTe2 and the ferroelectric In2Se3. It is observed that gate voltages applied to the Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 heterostructure device modulate the magnetic properties of Fe3-xGeTe2 with significant decrease in coercive field for both positive and negative voltages. Raman spectroscopy on the heterostructure device shows voltage-dependent increase in the in-plane In2Se3 and Fe3-xGeTe2 lattice constants for both voltage polarities. Thus, the voltage-dependent decrease in the Fe3-xGeTe2 coercive field, regardless of the gate voltage polarity, can be attributed to the presence of in-plane tensile strain. This is supported by density functional theory calculations showing tensile-strain-induced reduction of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which in turn decreases the coercive field. Our results demonstrate an effective method to realize low-power voltage-controlled vdW spintronic devices utilizing the magnetoelectric effect in vdW ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeun Eom
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - In Hak Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeongdae Seo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Suh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Choi
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yumin Sim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Shuzhang Chen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyub Baek
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hyejin Ryu
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Chaun Jang
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Maeng-Je Seong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
- Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
| | - Jun Woo Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
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22
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Lv H, da Silva A, Figueroa AI, Guillemard C, Aguirre IF, Camosi L, Aballe L, Valvidares M, Valenzuela SO, Schubert J, Schmidbauer M, Herfort J, Hanke M, Trampert A, Engel-Herbert R, Ramsteiner M, Lopes JMJ. Large-Area Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Fe 5- x GeTe 2 /Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures with Curie Temperature above Room Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302387. [PMID: 37231567 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures combining layered ferromagnets and other 2D crystals are promising building blocks for the realization of ultracompact devices with integrated magnetic, electronic, and optical functionalities. Their implementation in various technologies depends strongly on the development of a bottom-up scalable synthesis approach allowing for realizing highly uniform heterostructures with well-defined interfaces between different 2D-layered materials. It is also required that each material component of the heterostructure remains functional, which ideally includes ferromagnetic order above room temperature for 2D ferromagnets. Here, it is demonstrated that the large-area growth of Fe5- x GeTe2 /graphene heterostructures is achieved by vdW epitaxy of Fe5- x GeTe2 on epitaxial graphene. Structural characterization confirms the realization of a continuous vdW heterostructure film with a sharp interface between Fe5- x GeTe2 and graphene. Magnetic and transport studies reveal that the ferromagnetic order persists well above 300 K with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In addition, epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) continues to exhibit a high electronic quality. These results represent an important advance beyond nonscalable flake exfoliation and stacking methods, thus marking a crucial step toward the implementation of ferromagnetic 2D materials in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lv
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adriana I Figueroa
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Charles Guillemard
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández Aguirre
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Camosi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lucia Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Sergio O Valenzuela
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Jürgen Schubert
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Jens Herfort
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hanke
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Trampert
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Engel-Herbert
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Ramsteiner
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Marcelo J Lopes
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Choi EM, Kim T, Cho BW, Lee YH. Proximity-Induced Tunable Magnetic Order at the Interface of All-van der Waals-Layered Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15656-15665. [PMID: 37523780 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) plays a crucial role in controlling the spin-charge conversion efficiency, spin torque, and complex magnetic spin structures. In this study, we investigate the interplay between SOC and ferromagnetism in heterostructures of large-SOC and magnetic materials. We highlight the importance of the SOC-proximity effect on magnetic ordering in all-van der Waals-layered heterostructures, specifically Fe3GeTe2(FGT)/monolayer W1-xVxSe2 (x = 0 and 0.05). By increasing the SOC strength, we demonstrate various magnetic orderings induced at the interface of the heterostructure, including spin-flop, spin-flip, and inverted magnetization. Moreover, we show a sharp magnetic switching from antiferromagnetic state to ferromagnetic state in FGT/W0.95V0.05Se2, which is characteristic of the synthetic antiferromagnetic structure. This proof-of-concept result offers the possibility of interface-tailoring spintronics, including two-dimensional magnetoresistive random access memory toggle switching. Our findings provide insight into the design and development of next-generation spintronic devices by exploiting the interplay between SOC and magnetic ordering in all-van der Waals-layered heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Choi
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Cho
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Facility Center for Quantum Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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24
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Ahn HB, Jung SG, Lim H, Kim K, Kim S, Park TE, Park T, Lee C. Giant coercivity enhancement in a room-temperature van der Waals magnet through substitutional metal-doping. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37357947 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00681f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
FexGeTe2 (x = 3, 4, and 5) systems, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic (FM) metals with high Curie temperatures (TC), have been intensively studied to realize all-2D spintronic devices. Recently, an intrinsic FM material Fe3GaTe2 with high TC (350-380 K) has been reported. As substitutional doping changes the magnetic properties of vdW magnets, it can be a powerful means for engineering the properties of magnetic materials. Here, the coercive field (Hc) is substantially enhanced by substituting Ni for Fe in (Fe1-xNix)3GaTe2 crystals. The introduction of a Ni dopant with x = 0.03 can enhance the value of Hc up to ∼200% while maintaining the FM state at room temperature. As the doping level increases, TC decreases, whereas Hc increases up to 7 kOe at x = 0.12, which is the highest Hc reported so far. The FM characteristic is almost suppressed at x = 0.68 and a spin glass state appears. The enhancement of Hc resulting from Ni doping can be attributed to domain pinning induced by substitutional Ni atoms, as evidenced by the decrease in magnetic anisotropy energy in the crystals upon Ni doping. Our findings provide a highly effective way to control the Hc of the 2D vdW FM metal Fe3GaTe2 for the realization of Fe3GaTe2 based room-temperature operating spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bin Ahn
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Soon-Gil Jung
- Department of Physics Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hyungjong Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Kwangsu Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44619, Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44619, Korea
| | - Tae-Eon Park
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Tuson Park
- Center for Quantum Materials and Superconductivity (CQMS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Changgu Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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25
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Chi H, Ou Y, Eldred TB, Gao W, Kwon S, Murray J, Dreyer M, Butera RE, Foucher AC, Ambaye H, Keum J, Greenberg AT, Liu Y, Neupane MR, de Coster GJ, Vail OA, Taylor PJ, Folkes PA, Rong C, Yin G, Lake RK, Ross FM, Lauter V, Heiman D, Moodera JS. Strain-tunable Berry curvature in quasi-two-dimensional chromium telluride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3222. [PMID: 37270579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic transition metal chalcogenides form an emerging platform for exploring spin-orbit driven Berry phase phenomena owing to the nontrivial interplay between topology and magnetism. Here we show that the anomalous Hall effect in pristine Cr2Te3 thin films manifests a unique temperature-dependent sign reversal at nonzero magnetization, resulting from the momentum-space Berry curvature as established by first-principles simulations. The sign change is strain tunable, enabled by the sharp and well-defined substrate/film interface in the quasi-two-dimensional Cr2Te3 epitaxial films, revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry. This Berry phase effect further introduces hump-shaped Hall peaks in pristine Cr2Te3 near the coercive field during the magnetization switching process, owing to the presence of strain-modulated magnetic layers/domains. The versatile interface tunability of Berry curvature in Cr2Te3 thin films offers new opportunities for topological electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chi
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
| | - Yunbo Ou
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Tim B Eldred
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sohee Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Joseph Murray
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michael Dreyer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Robert E Butera
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Alexandre C Foucher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Haile Ambaye
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jong Keum
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Physical Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mahesh R Neupane
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Owen A Vail
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Rong
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Gen Yin
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Roger K Lake
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Don Heiman
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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26
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Hu G, Wang C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Wang Z, Niu Q, Zhang Z, Xiang B. Long-range skin Josephson supercurrent across a van der Waals ferromagnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1779. [PMID: 36997575 PMCID: PMC10063542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe emerging field of superconducting spintronics promises new quantum device architectures without energy dissipation. When entering a ferromagnet, a supercurrent commonly behaves as a spin singlet that decays rapidly; in contrast, a spin-triplet supercurrent can transport over much longer distances, and is therefore more desirable, but so far has been observed much less frequently. Here, by using the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (F) and spin-singlet superconductor NbSe2 (S), we construct lateral Josephson junctions of S/F/S with accurate interface control to realize long-range skin supercurrent. The observed supercurrent across the ferromagnet can extend over 300 nm, and exhibits distinct quantum interference patterns in an external magnetic field. Strikingly, the supercurrent displays pronounced skin characteristics, with its density peaked at the surfaces or edges of the ferromagnet. Our central findings shed new light on the convergence of superconductivity and spintronics based on two-dimensional materials.
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27
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Shen J, Gao J, Yi C, Li M, Zhang S, Yang J, Wang B, Zhou M, Huang R, Wei H, Yang H, Shi Y, Xu X, Gao HJ, Shen B, Li G, Wang Z, Liu E. Magnetic-field modulation of topological electronic state and emergent magneto-transport in a magnetic Weyl semimetal. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100399. [PMID: 36923023 PMCID: PMC10009535 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of topological electronic state by an external magnetic field is highly desired for condensed-matter physics. Schemes to achieve this have been proposed theoretically, but few can be realized experimentally. Here, combining transverse transport, theoretical calculations, and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) investigations, we provide an observation that the topological electronic state, accompanied by an emergent magneto-transport phenomenon, was modulated by applying magnetic field through induced non-collinear magnetism in the magnetic Weyl semimetal EuB6. A giant unconventional anomalous Hall effect (UAHE) is found during the magnetization re-orientation from easy axes to hard ones in magnetic field, with a UAHE peak around the low field of 5 kOe. Under the reasonable spin-canting effect, the folding of the topological anti-crossing bands occurs, generating a strong Berry curvature that accounts for the observed UAHE. Field-dependent STM/S reveals a highly synchronous evolution of electronic density of states, with a dI/dV peak around the same field of 5 kOe, which provides evidence to the folded bands and excited UAHE by external magnetic fields. This finding elucidates the connection between the real-space non-collinear magnetism and the k-space topological electronic state and establishes a novel manner to engineer the magneto-transport behaviors of correlated electrons for future topological spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jiacheng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjiang Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinying Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rongjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongxiang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.,Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Geng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enke Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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28
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Wang P, Ge J, Luo J, Wang H, Song L, Li Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Du R, Feng W, Wang J, He J, Shi J. Interisland-Distance-Mediated Growth of Centimeter-Scale Two-Dimensional Magnetic Fe 3O 4 Arrays with Unidirectional Domain Orientations. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1758-1766. [PMID: 36790274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet arrays with unidirectional orientations are of great significance for synthesizing wafer-scale single crystals. Although great efforts have been devoted, the growth of atomically thin magnetic nanosheet arrays and single crystals is still unaddressed. Here we design an interisland-distance-mediated chemical vapor deposition strategy to synthesize centimeter-scale atomically thin Fe3O4 arrays with unidirectional orientations on mica. The unidirectional alignment of nearly all the Fe3O4 nanosheets is driven by a dual-coupling-guided growth mechanism. The Fe3O4/mica interlayer interaction induces two preferred antiparallel orientations, whereas the interisland interaction of Fe3O4 breaks the energy degeneracy of antiparallel orientations. The room-temperature long-range ferrimagnetic order and thickness-tunable magnetic domain evolution are uncovered in atomically thin Fe3O4. This strategy to tune the orientations of nanosheets through the an interisland interaction can guide the synthesis of other 2D transition-metal oxides, thereby laying a solid foundation for future spintronic device applications at the integration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ge
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofan Du
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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29
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Dang N, Kozlenko DP, Lis ON, Kichanov SE, Lukin YV, Golosova NO, Savenko BN, Duong D, Phan T, Tran T, Phan M. High Pressure-Driven Magnetic Disorder and Structural Transformation in Fe 3 GeTe 2 : Emergence of a Magnetic Quantum Critical Point. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206842. [PMID: 36698300 PMCID: PMC10037988 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the recently discovered 2D intrinsic van der Waals (vdW) magnets, Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT) has emerged as a strong candidate for spintronics applications, due to its high Curie temperature (130 - 220 K) and magnetic tunability in response to external stimuli (electrical field, light, strain). Theory predicts that the magnetism of FGT can be significantly modulated by an external strain. However, experimental evidence is needed to validate this prediction and understand the underlying mechanism of strain-mediated vdW magnetism in this system. Here, the effects of pressure (0 - 20 GPa) are elucidated on the magnetic and structural properties of Fe3 GeTe2 by means of synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy over a wide temperature range of 10 - 290 K. A strong suppression of ferromagnetic ordering is observed with increasing pressure, and a paramagnetic ground state emerges when pressure exceeds a critical value, PPM ≈ 15 GPa. The anomalous pressure dependence of structural parameters and vibrational modes is observed at PC ≈ 7 GPa and attributed to an isostructural phase transformation. Density functional theory calculations complement these experimental findings. This study highlights pressure as a driving force for magnetic quantum criticality in layered vdW magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc‐Toan Dang
- Institute of Research and DevelopmentDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural SciencesDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
| | | | - Olga N. Lis
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJINRMoscow Reg.Dubna141980Russia
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
| | | | | | | | - Boris N. Savenko
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJINRMoscow Reg.Dubna141980Russia
| | - Dinh‐Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - The‐Long Phan
- Faculty of Engineering Physics and NanotechnologyVNU‐University of Engineering and Technology144 Xuan Thuy, Cau GiayHa Noi100000Vietnam
| | - Tuan‐Anh Tran
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationHo Chi Minh700000Vietnam
| | - Manh‐Huong Phan
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA
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30
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Georgopoulou-Kotsaki E, Pappas P, Lintzeris A, Tsipas P, Fragkos S, Markou A, Felser C, Longo E, Fanciulli M, Mantovan R, Mahfouzi F, Kioussis N, Dimoulas A. Significant enhancement of ferromagnetism above room temperature in epitaxial 2D van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 5-δGeTe 2/Bi 2Te 3 heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2223-2233. [PMID: 36625389 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04820e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic metals FexGeTe2 with x = 3-5 have raised significant interest in the scientific community. Fe5GeTe2 shows prospects for spintronic applications since the Curie temperature Tc has been reported near or higher than 300 K. In the present work, epitaxial Fe5-δGeTe2 (FGT) heterostructures were grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on insulating crystalline substrates. The FGT films were combined with Bi2Te3 topological insulator (TI) aiming to investigate the possible beneficial effect of the TI on the magnetic properties of FGT. FGT/Bi2Te3 films were compared to FGT capped only with AlOx to prevent oxidation. SQUID and MOKE measurements revealed that the growth of Bi2Te3 TI on FGT films significantly enhances the saturation magnetization of FGT as well as the Tc well above room temperature (RT) reaching record values of 570 K. First-principles calculations predict a shift of the Fermi level and an associated enhancement of the majority spin (primarily) as well as the total density of states at the Fermi level suggesting that effective doping of FGT from Bi2Te3 could explain the enhancement of ferromagnetism in FGT. It is also predicted that strain induced stabilization of a high magnetic moment phase in FGT/Bi2Te3 could be an alternative explanation of magnetization and Tc enhancement. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements evidence an enhanced broadening in the FGT/Bi2Te3 heterostructure when compared to FGT. We obtain a large spin mixing conductance of g↑↓eff = 4.4 × 1020 m-2, which demonstrates the great potential of FGT/Bi2Te3 systems for spin-charge conversion applications at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Georgopoulou-Kotsaki
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
- Section of Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - P Pappas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
| | - A Lintzeris
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - P Tsipas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
| | - S Fragkos
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12241 Athens, Greece
| | - A Markou
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Longo
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR-IMM Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy
| | - M Fanciulli
- Department of Material Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan 20125, Italy
| | - R Mantovan
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR-IMM Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy
| | - F Mahfouzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8268, USA
| | - N Kioussis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8268, USA
| | - A Dimoulas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
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31
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Breakdown of the scaling relation of anomalous Hall effect in Kondo lattice ferromagnet USbTe. Nat Commun 2023; 14:527. [PMID: 36720874 PMCID: PMC9889341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between strong correlation and Berry curvature is an open territory of in the field of quantum materials. Here we report large anomalous Hall conductivity in a Kondo lattice ferromagnet USbTe which is dominated by intrinsic Berry curvature at low temperatures. However, the Berry curvature induced anomalous Hall effect does not follow the scaling relation derived from Fermi liquid theory. The onset of the Berry curvature contribution coincides with the Kondo coherent temperature. Combined with ARPES measurement and DMFT calculations, this strongly indicates that Berry curvature is hosted by the flat bands induced by Kondo hybridization at the Fermi level. Our results demonstrate that the Kondo coherence of the flat bands has a dramatic influence on the low temperature physical properties associated with the Berry curvature, calling for new theories of scaling relations of anomalous Hall effect to account for the interaction between strong correlation and Berry curvature.
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32
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Lv X, Pei K, Yang C, Qin G, Liu M, Zhang J, Che R. Controllable Topological Magnetic Transformations in the Thickness-Tunable van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 5GeTe 2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19319-19327. [PMID: 36349969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of topological meron textures in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have attracted considerable research interest for both fundamental physics and spintronic applications. However, manipulating the meron textures and realizing the topological transformations, which allow for exploring emergent electromagnetic behaviors, remain largely unexplored in 2D magnets. In this work, utilizing real-space imaging and micromagnetic simulations, we reveal temperature- and thickness-dependent topological magnetic transformations among domain walls, meron textures, and stripe domain in Fe5GeTe2 (FGT) lamellae. The key mechanism of the magnetic transformations can be attributed to the temperature-induced change of exchange stiffness constant within layers and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, while the magnetic dipole interaction as governed by sample thickness is crucial to affect the critical transformation temperature and stripe period. Our findings provide reliable insights into the origin and manipulation of topological spin textures in 2D vdW ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chendi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincang Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, People's Republic of China
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33
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Chen Z, Yang Y, Deng J, Du S, Ying T, Guo J, Chen X. Delicate superconductivity in nodal-line NaAlGe single crystal. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:495702. [PMID: 36252541 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9adf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nodal-line superconductor NaAlSi with a transition temperature (Tc) of 7 K has attracted considerable attention in recent years, whereas its Ge counterpart, NaAlGe, does not superconduct down to the lowest temperature regardless of their similar atomic and electrical structures. To tackle this enigma, we resort to the growth of NaAlGe single crystal and characterize its ground state. Interestingly, when hole doped by oxidation or extracting Na, single-crystalline NaAlGe transforms from a semimetal/semiconductor to a superconductor (Tc=1.8∼3.3 K) with zero resistivity and a diamagnetic shielding fraction over 100%, but without a thermodynamic response in heat capacity. Continuous x-ray diffraction reveals a transient new structure with a largercaxis, which is suggested to have arisen from the minor loss of Na and to be responsible for the emergence of the delicate superconductivity. Our findings place NaAlGe on an equal footing with NaAlSi and provide an alternative for studying the intriguing relationship between superconductivity and nodal-line topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianping Ying
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
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34
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Min KH, Lee DH, Choi SJ, Lee IH, Seo J, Kim DW, Ko KT, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ha DH, Kim C, Shim JH, Eom J, Kim JS, Jung S. Tunable spin injection and detection across a van der Waals interface. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1144-1149. [PMID: 35927432 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures with two-dimensional magnets offer a magnetic junction with an atomically sharp and clean interface. This attribute ensures that the magnetic layers maintain their intrinsic spin-polarized electronic states and spin-flipping scattering processes at a minimum level, a trait that can expand spintronic device functionalities. Here, using a van der Waals assembly of ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 with non-magnetic hexagonal boron nitride and WSe2 layers, we demonstrate electrically tunable, highly transparent spin injection and detection across the van der Waals interfaces. By varying an electrical bias, the net spin polarization of the injected carriers can be modulated and reversed in polarity, which leads to sign changes of the tunnelling magnetoresistance. We attribute the spin polarization reversals to sizable contributions from high-energy localized spin states in the metallic ferromagnet, so far inaccessible in conventional magnetic junctions. Such tunability of the spin-valve operations opens a promising route for the electronic control of next-generation low-dimensional spintronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Hong Min
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Hyun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Choi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - In-Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Seo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Ko
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dong Han Ha
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Shim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Eom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suyong Jung
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Spanning Fermi arcs in a two-dimensional magnet. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5309. [PMID: 36085323 PMCID: PMC9463448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of topological states of matter has led to a revolution in materials research. When external or intrinsic parameters break symmetries, global properties of topological materials change drastically. A paramount example is the emergence of Weyl nodes under broken inversion symmetry. While a rich variety of non-trivial quantum phases could in principle also originate from broken time-reversal symmetry, realizing systems that combine magnetism with complex topological properties is remarkably elusive. Here, we demonstrate that giant open Fermi arcs are created at the surface of ultrathin hybrid magnets where the Fermi-surface topology is substantially modified by hybridization with a heavy-metal substrate. The interplay between magnetism and topology allows us to control the shape and the location of the Fermi arcs by tuning the magnetization direction. The hybridization points in the Fermi surface can be attributed to a non-trivial mixed topology and induce hot-spots in the Berry curvature, dominating spin and charge transport as well as magneto-electric coupling effects. It has been predicted that elemental Iron, with low dimensionality, will be a topological metal hosting Weyl nodes. Here, Chen et al. grow iron on tungsten, a heavy metal with a strong spin-orbit interaction, and using momentum microscopy, show the emergence of giant open Fermi arcs which can be shaped by varying the magnetization of the iron.
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36
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Yu L, Li Z, Zhu J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Xu K, Liu Y. Electrical and Magnetic Transport Properties of Co 2VGa Half-Metallic Heusler Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6138. [PMID: 36079519 PMCID: PMC9458064 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study performed a systematic experimental investigation into the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of the Co2VGa Heusler alloy, which was theoretically predicted to exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism. It has been experimentally found that the studied alloy has a relatively high-ordered L21 cubic structure at room temperature and orders ferromagnetically below ~350 K. Interestingly, by fitting the electric transport data with the properly governing equations in two different temperature regions, the two-magnon scattering process (the T9/2 dependence) appears in the temperature range from 30 to 75 K. Moreover, the magnetoresistance effect changes from a negative value to a positive value when the temperature is below 100 K. Such experimental findings provide indirect evidence that the half-metallic nature of this alloy is retained only when the temperature is below 100 K. On the other hand, the magnetic transport measurements indicate that the anomalous Hall coefficient of this alloy increases when the temperature increases and reaches a relatively high value (~8.3 μΩ·cm/T) at 300 K due to its lower saturated magnetization. By analyzing the anomalous Hall resistivity scale with the longitudinal resistivity, it was also found that the anomalous Hall effect can be ascribed to the combined effect of extrinsic skew scattering and intrinsic Berry curvature, but the latter contribution plays a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Yu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Yunnan Zhongruans Liquid Metal Technology Co., Ltd., Qujing 655400, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yuanlei Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Yiming Cao
- Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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37
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Zhou X, Zhang RW, Yang X, Li XP, Feng W, Mokrousov Y, Yao Y. Disorder- and Topology-Enhanced Fully Spin-Polarized Currents in Nodal Chain Spin-Gapless Semimetals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:097201. [PMID: 36083680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.097201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered high-quality nodal chain spin-gapless semimetals MF_{3} (M=Pd, Mn) feature an ultraclean nodal chain in the spin up channel residing right at the Fermi level and displaying a large spin gap leading to a 100% spin polarization of transport properties. Here, we investigate both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to anomalous and spin transport in this class of materials. The dominant intrinsic origin is found to originate entirely from the gapped nodal chains without the entanglement of any other trivial bands. The side-jump mechanism is predicted to be negligibly small, but intrinsic skew scattering enhances the intrinsic Hall and Nernst signals significantly, leading to large values of respective conductivities. Our findings open a new material platform for exploring strong anomalous and spin transport properties in magnetic topological semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhou
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Run-Wu Zhang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanxiang Feng
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuriy Mokrousov
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yugui Yao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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38
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Ershadrad S, Ghosh S, Wang D, Kvashnin Y, Sanyal B. Unusual Magnetic Features in Two-Dimensional Fe 5GeTe 2 Induced by Structural Reconstructions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4877-4883. [PMID: 35617439 PMCID: PMC9189922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on Fe5GeTe2 suggested the presence of a symmetry breaking of its conventional crystal structure. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we elucidate that the stabilization of the (√3 × √3)R30° supercell structure is caused by the swapping of Fe atoms occurring in the monolayer limit. The swapping to the vicinity of Te atoms is facilitated by the spontaneous occurrence of Fe vacancy and its low diffusion barrier. Our calculated magnetic exchange parameters show the simultaneous presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange among a particular type of Fe atom. The Fe sublattice projected magnetization obtained from Monte Carlo simulations clearly demonstrates an exotic temperature-dependent behavior of this Fe type along with a large canting angle at T = 0 K, indicating the presence of a complex noncollinear magnetic order. We propose that the low-temperature crystal structure results from the swapping between two sublattices of Fe, giving rise to peculiar magnetization obtained in experiments.
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39
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Verchenko VY, Stepanova AV, Bogach AV, Mironov AV, Shevelkov AV. Fe-Rich Ferromagnetic Cleavable Van der Waals Telluride Fe 5AsTe 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9224-9230. [PMID: 35658443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-based layered compounds with van der Waals gaps between the structural layers are a rich source of magnetic materials for spintronic applications. Bulk crystals can be cleaved, providing high-quality two-dimensional nanomaterials, which are promising for the manipulation of spins in spintronic devices and low power quantum logic interfaces. The layered van der Waals telluride Fe5AsTe2 can be synthesized by the high-temperature reaction of elements. In the crystal structure, Fe-rich structural layers with the composition of Fe4.58(4)AsTe2 are separated by the van der Waals gaps with no atoms in the interstitial region. Crystal growth employing chemical vapor transport reactions yields bulk cleavable crystals, which exhibit weak inherent ferromagnetism below the Curie temperature of TC = 48 K. In the ordered state, the magnetization shows a dual-slope behavior in low magnetic fields, indicating the compensated or canted nature of magnetism. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements reveal perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The large Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio of 4.6 indicates the itinerant nature of ferromagnetism in Fe5AsTe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Yu Verchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anna V Stepanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Bogach
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Mironov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Shevelkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chen X, Shao YT, Chen R, Susarla S, Hogan T, He Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Yao J, Ercius P, Muller DA, Ramesh R, Birgeneau RJ. Pervasive beyond Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in a Doped van der Waals Magnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:217203. [PMID: 35687434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.217203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existence of long-range magnetic order in low-dimensional magnetic systems, such as the quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnets, has attracted intensive studies of new physical phenomena. The vdW Fe_{N}GeTe_{2} (N=3, 4, 5; FGT) family is exceptional, owing to its vast tunability of magnetic properties. In particular, a ferromagnetic ordering temperature (T_{C}) above room temperature at N=5 (F5GT) is observed. Here, our study shows that, by nickel (Ni) substitution of iron in F5GT, a record high T_{C}=478(6) K is achieved. Importantly, pervasive, beyond room-temperature ferromagnetism exists in almost the entire doping range of the phase diagram of Ni-F5GT. We argue that this striking observation in Ni-F5GT can be possibly due to several contributing factors, including increased 3D magnetic couplings due to the structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Tsun Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tom Hogan
- Quantum Design, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Yu He
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Siqi Wang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert J Birgeneau
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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41
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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42
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Jo J, Calavalle F, Martín-García B, Tezze D, Casanova F, Chuvilin A, Hueso LE, Gobbi M. Exchange Bias in Molecule/Fe 3 GeTe 2 van der Waals Heterostructures via Spinterface Effects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200474. [PMID: 35334502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exfoliation of layered magnetic materials generates atomically thin flakes characterized by an ultrahigh surface sensitivity, which makes their magnetic properties tunable via external stimuli, such as electrostatic gating and proximity effects. Another powerful approach to engineer magnetic materials is molecular functionalization, generating hybrid interfaces with tailored magnetic interactions, called spinterfaces. However, spinterface effects have not yet been explored on layered magnetic materials. Here, the emergence of spinterface effects is demonstrated at the interface between flakes of the prototypical layered magnetic metal Fe3 GeTe2 and thin films of Co-phthalocyanine. Magnetotransport measurements show that the molecular layer induces a magnetic exchange bias in Fe3 GeTe2 , indicating that the unpaired spins in Co-phthalocyanine develop antiferromagnetic ordering and pin the magnetization reversal of Fe3 GeTe2 via magnetic proximity. The effect is strongest for a Fe3 GeTe2 thickness of 20 nm, for which the exchange bias field reaches -840 Oe at 10 K and is measurable up to ≈110 K. This value compares very favorably with previous exchange bias fields reported for Fe3 GeTe2 in all-inorganic van der Waals heterostructures, demonstrating the potential of molecular functionalization to tailor the magnetism of van der Waals layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeon Jo
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Tezze
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Marco Gobbi
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián/Donostia, 20018, Spain
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43
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Progress and prospects in magnetic topological materials. Nature 2022; 603:41-51. [PMID: 35236973 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic topological materials represent a class of compounds with properties that are strongly influenced by the topology of their electronic wavefunctions coupled with the magnetic spin configuration. Such materials can support chiral electronic channels of perfect conduction, and can be used for an array of applications, from information storage and control to dissipationless spin and charge transport. Here we review the theoretical and experimental progress achieved in the field of magnetic topological materials, beginning with the theoretical prediction of the quantum anomalous Hall effect without Landau levels, and leading to the recent discoveries of magnetic Weyl semimetals and antiferromagnetic topological insulators. We outline recent theoretical progress that has resulted in the tabulation of, for the first time, all magnetic symmetry group representations and topology. We describe several experiments realizing Chern insulators, Weyl and Dirac magnetic semimetals, and an array of axionic and higher-order topological phases of matter, and we survey future perspectives.
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44
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Ryu JH, Kim JG, Kim B, Kim K, Kim S, Park JH, Park BG, Kim Y, Ko KT, Lee K. Direct Observation of Orbital Driven Strong Interlayer Coupling in Puckered Two-Dimensional PdSe 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106053. [PMID: 35038218 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interlayer coupling between individual unit layers is known to be critical in manipulating the layer-dependent properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. While recent studies have revealed that several 2D materials with significant degrees of interlayer interaction (such as black phosphorus) show strongly layer-dependent properties, the origin based on the electronic structure is drawing intensive attention along with 2D materials exploration. Here, the direct observation of a highly dispersive single electronic band along the interlayer direction in puckered 2D PdSe2 as an experimental hallmark of strong interlayer couplings is reported. Remarkably large band dispersion along the kz -direction near Fermi level, which is even wider than the in-plane one, is observed by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement. Employing X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the strong interlayer coupling in 2D PdSe2 originates from the unique directional bonding of Pd d orbitals associated with unexpected Pd 4d9 configuration, which consequently plays a decisive role for the strong layer-dependency of the band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Ryu
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Gyu Kim
- Max Planck POSTECH/Hsinchu Center for Complex Phase Materials and Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjae Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Kim
- Department of Physics Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Max Planck POSTECH/Hsinchu Center for Complex Phase Materials and Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Gyu Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghak Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Ko
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Lee
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
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45
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Shin I, Cho WJ, An ES, Park S, Jeong HW, Jang S, Baek WJ, Park SY, Yang DH, Seo JH, Kim GY, Ali MN, Choi SY, Lee HW, Kim JS, Kim SD, Lee GH. Spin-Orbit Torque Switching in an All-Van der Waals Heterostructure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101730. [PMID: 34908193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current-induced control of magnetization in ferromagnets using spin-orbit torque (SOT) has drawn attention as a new mechanism for fast and energy efficient magnetic memory devices. Energy-efficient spintronic devices require a spin-current source with a large SOT efficiency (ξ) and electrical conductivity (σ), and an efficient spin injection across a transparent interface. Herein, single crystals of the van der Waals (vdW) topological semimetal WTe2 and vdW ferromagnet Fe3 GeTe2 are used to satisfy the requirements in their all-vdW-heterostructure with an atomically sharp interface. The results exhibit values of ξ ≈ 4.6 and σ ≈ 2.25 × 105 Ω-1 m-1 for WTe2 . Moreover, the significantly reduced switching current density of 3.90 × 106 A cm-2 at 150 K is obtained, which is an order of magnitude smaller than those of conventional heavy-metal/ferromagnet thin films. These findings highlight that engineering vdW-type topological materials and magnets offers a promising route to energy-efficient magnetization control in SOT-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseob Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Cho
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Su An
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Joong Baek
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Seo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Yeop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mazhar N Ali
- Max Plank Institute for Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dug Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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46
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Wang S, Xu J, Li W, Sun S, Gao S, Hou Y. Magnetic Nanostructures: Rational Design and Fabrication Strategies toward Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5411-5475. [PMID: 35014799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) has tremendously promoted both fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Different from the bulk magnet, the systematic engineering on MNSs has brought a great breakthrough in some emerging fields such as the construction of MNSs, the magnetism exploration of multidimensional MNSs, and their potential translational applications. In this review, we give a detailed description of the synthetic strategies of MNSs based on the fundamental features and application potential of MNSs and discuss the recent progress of MNSs in the fields of nanomedicines, advanced nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and electromagnetic wave adsorption (EMWA), aiming to provide guidance for fabrication strategies of MNSs toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Spin-X Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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47
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Uchida M, Sato S, Ishizuka H, Kurihara R, Nakajima T, Nakazawa Y, Ohno M, Kriener M, Miyake A, Ohishi K, Morikawa T, Bahramy MS, Arima TH, Tokunaga M, Nagaosa N, Kawasaki M. Above-ordering-temperature large anomalous Hall effect in a triangular-lattice magnetic semiconductor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl5381. [PMID: 34936456 PMCID: PMC8694614 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been extensively studied in the past, efforts for realizing large Hall response have been mainly limited within intrinsic mechanism. Lately, however, a theory of extrinsic mechanism has predicted that magnetic scattering by spin cluster can induce large AHE even above magnetic ordering temperature, particularly in magnetic semiconductors with low carrier density, strong exchange coupling, and finite spin chirality. Here, we find out a new magnetic semiconductor EuAs, where Eu2+ ions with large magnetic moments form distorted triangular lattice. In addition to colossal magnetoresistance, EuAs exhibits large AHE with an anomalous Hall angle of 0.13 at temperatures far above antiferromagnetic ordering. As also demonstrated by model calculations, observed AHE can be explained by the spin cluster scattering in a hopping regime. Our findings shed light on magnetic semiconductors hosting topological spin textures, developing a field targeting diluted carriers strongly coupled to noncoplanar spin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Uchida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kurihara
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taro Nakajima
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ohno
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Markus Kriener
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyake
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohishi
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Morikawa
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Mohammad Saeed Bahramy
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taka-hisa Arima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masashi Tokunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
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48
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Belopolski I, Cochran TA, Liu X, Cheng ZJ, Yang XP, Guguchia Z, Tsirkin SS, Yin JX, Vir P, Thakur GS, Zhang SS, Zhang J, Kaznatcheev K, Cheng G, Chang G, Multer D, Shumiya N, Litskevich M, Vescovo E, Kim TK, Cacho C, Yao N, Felser C, Neupert T, Hasan MZ. Signatures of Weyl Fermion Annihilation in a Correlated Kagome Magnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:256403. [PMID: 35029418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.256403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of topological states in quantum matter is an essential pursuit of fundamental physics and next-generation quantum technology. Here we report the magnetic manipulation of Weyl fermions in the kagome spin-orbit semimetal Co_{3}Sn_{2}S_{2}, observed by high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. We demonstrate the exchange collapse of spin-orbit-gapped ferromagnetic Weyl loops into paramagnetic Dirac loops under suppression of the magnetic order. We further observe that topological Fermi arcs disappear in the paramagnetic phase, suggesting the annihilation of exchange-split Weyl points. Our findings indicate that magnetic exchange collapse naturally drives Weyl fermion annihilation, opening new opportunities for engineering topology under correlated order parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tyler A Cochran
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zi-Jia Cheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Xian P Yang
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stepan S Tsirkin
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Praveen Vir
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gohil S Thakur
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universitat, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Songtian S Zhang
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Konstantine Kaznatcheev
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Guangming Cheng
- Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Multer
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nana Shumiya
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Maksim Litskevich
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Elio Vescovo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Timur K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Cephise Cacho
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Yao
- Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Titus Neupert
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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49
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Singh S, Noky J, Bhattacharya S, Vir P, Sun Y, Kumar N, Felser C, Shekhar C. Anisotropic Nodal-Line-Derived Large Anomalous Hall Conductivity in ZrMnP and HfMnP. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104126. [PMID: 34510589 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nontrivial band structure of semimetals has attracted substantial research attention in condensed matter physics and materials science in recent years owing to its intriguing physical properties. Within this class, a group of nontrivial materials known as nodal-line semimetals is particularly important. Nodal-line semimetals exhibit the potential effects of electronic correlation in nonmagnetic materials, whereas they enhance the contribution of the Berry curvature in magnetic materials, resulting in high anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC). In this study, two ferromagnetic compounds, namely ZrMnP and HfMnP, are selected, wherein the abundance of mirror planes in the crystal structure ensures gapped nodal lines at the Fermi energy. These nodal lines result in one of the largest AHC values of 2840 Ω-1 cm-1 , with a high anomalous Hall angle of 13.6% in these compounds. First-principles calculations provide a clear and detailed understanding of nodal line-enhanced AHC. The finding suggests a guideline for searching large AHC compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan Noky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Praveen Vir
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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50
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Zhu W, Lin H, Yan F, Hu C, Wang Z, Zhao L, Deng Y, Kudrynskyi ZR, Zhou T, Kovalyuk ZD, Zheng Y, Patanè A, Žutić I, Li S, Zheng H, Wang K. Large Tunneling Magnetoresistance in van der Waals Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Heterojunctions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104658. [PMID: 34642998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D layered chalcogenide semiconductors have been proposed as a promising class of materials for low-dimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices. Here, all-2D van der Waals vertical spin-valve devices, that combine the 2D layered semiconductor InSe as a spacer with the 2D layered ferromagnetic metal Fe3 GeTe2 as spin injection and detection electrodes, are reported. Two distinct transport behaviors are observed: tunneling and metallic, which are assigned to the formation of a pinhole-free tunnel barrier at the Fe3 GeTe2 /InSe interface and pinholes in the InSe spacer layer, respectively. For the tunneling device, a large magnetoresistance (MR) of 41% is obtained under an applied bias current of 0.1 µA at 10 K, which is about three times larger than that of the metallic device. Moreover, the tunneling device exhibits a lower operating bias current but a more sensitive bias current dependence than the metallic device. The MR and spin polarization of both the metallic and tunneling devices decrease with increasing temperature, which can be fitted well by Bloch's law. These findings reveal the critical role of pinholes in the MR of all-2D van der Waals ferromagnet/semiconductor heterojunction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hailong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Faguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ce Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yongcheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zakhar R Kudrynskyi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Zakhar D Kovalyuk
- Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chernivtsi Branch, Chernivtsi, 58001, Ukraine
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Amalia Patanè
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Igor Žutić
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shushen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Houzhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaiyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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