1
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Zhao R, Amstad E. Bio-Informed Porous Mineral-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401052. [PMID: 39221524 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Certain biominerals, such as sea sponges and echinoderm skeletons, display a fascinating combination of mechanical properties and adaptability due to the well-defined structures spanning various length scales. These materials often possess high density normalized mechanical properties because they contain well-defined pores. The density-normalized mechanical properties of synthetic minerals are often inferior because the pores are stochastically distributed, resulting in an inhomogeneous stress distribution. The mechanical properties of synthetic materials are limited by the degree of structural and compositional control currently available fabrication methods offer. In the first part of this review, examples of structural elements nature uses to impart exceptional density normalized Young's moduli to its porous biominerals are showcased. The second part highlights recent advancements in the fabrication of bio-informed mineral-based composites possessing pores with diameters that span a wide range of length scales. The influence of the processing of mineral-based composites on their structures and mechanical properties is summarized. Thereby, it is aimed at encouraging further research directed to the sustainable, energy-efficient fabrication of synthetic lightweight yet stiff mineral-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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2
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Prediger R, Kluck S, Hambitzer L, Sauter D, Kotz-Helmer F. High-Resolution Structuring of Silica-Based Nanocomposites for the Fabrication of Transparent Multicomponent Glasses with Adjustable Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407630. [PMID: 39219207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Silicate-based multicomponent glasses are of high interest for technical applications due to their tailored properties, such as an adaptable refractive index or coefficient of thermal expansion. However, the production of complex structured parts is associated with high effort, since glass components are usually shaped from high-temperature melts with subsequent mechanical or chemical postprocessing. Here for the first time the fabrication of binary and ternary multicomponent glasses using doped nanocomposites based on silica nanoparticles and photocurable metal oxide precursors as part of the binder matrix is presented. The doped nanocomposites are structured in high resolution using UV-casting and additive manufacturing techniques, such as stereolithography and two-photon lithography. Subsequently, the composites are thermally converted into transparent glass. By incorporating titanium oxide, germanium oxide, or zirconium dioxide into the silicate glass network, multicomponent glasses are fabricated with an adjustable refractive index nD between 1.4584-1.4832 and an Abbe number V of 53.85-61.13. It is further demonstrated that by incorporating 7 wt% titanium oxide, glasses with ultralow thermal expansion can be fabricated with so far unseen complexity. These novel materials enable for the first time high-precision lithographic structuring of multicomponent silica glasses with applications from optics and photonics, semiconductors as well as sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Prediger
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kluck
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonhard Hambitzer
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Laboratory for Micro-Optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Glassomer GmbH, In den Kirchenmatten 54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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McCauley P, Bayles AV. Nozzle Innovations That Improve Capacity and Capabilities of Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2024; 4:368-380. [PMID: 39185389 PMCID: PMC11342301 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Multimaterial additive manufacturing incorporates multiple species within a single 3D-printed object to enhance its material properties and functionality. This technology could play a key role in distributed manufacturing. However, conventional layer-by-layer construction methods must operate at low volumetric throughputs to maintain fine feature resolution. One approach to overcome this challenge and increase production capacity is to structure multimaterial components in the printhead prior to deposition. Here we survey four classes of multimaterial nozzle innovations, nozzle arrays, coextruders, static mixers, and advective assemblers, designed for this purpose. Additionally, each design offers unique capabilities that provide benefits associated with accessible architectures, interfacial adhesion, material properties, and even living-cell viability. Accessing these benefits requires trade-offs, which may be mitigated with future investigation. Leveraging decades of research and development of multiphase extrusion equipment can help us engineer the next generation of 3D-printing nozzles and expand the capabilities and practical reach of multimaterial additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
J. McCauley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Bayles
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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4
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Zhu D, Jiang S, Liao C, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu D, Bao W, Wang F, Huang H, Weng X, Liu L, Qu J, Wang Y. Ultrafast Laser 3D Nanolithography of Fiber-Integrated Silica Microdevices. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9734-9742. [PMID: 39047072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-integrated micro/nanostructures play a crucial role in modern industry, mainly owing to their compact size, high sensitivity, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, the three-dimensional manufacturing of fiber-tip functional structures beyond organic polymers remains challenging. It is essential to construct fiber-integrated inorganic silica with designed functional nanostructures for microsystem applications. Here, we develop a strategy for the 3D nanolithography of fiber-integrated silica from hybrid organic-inorganic materials by ultrafast laser-induced multiphoton absorption. Without silica nanoparticles and polymer additives, the acrylate-functionalized precursors can be locally cross-linked through a nonlinear effect. Followed by annealing at low temperature, the as-printed micro/nanostructures are transformed to high-quality silica with sub-100 nm resolution. Silica microcantilever probes and microtoroid resonators are directly integrated onto the optical fiber, showing strong thermal stability and quality factors. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating desired fiber-tip silica micro/nanostructures, which is helpful for the development of integrated functional device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shangben Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weijia Bao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Famei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haoqiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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5
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Zhu C, Gemeda HB, Duoss EB, Spadaccini CM. Toward Multiscale, Multimaterial 3D Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314204. [PMID: 38775924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Biological materials and organisms possess the fundamental ability to self-organize, through which different components are assembled from the molecular level up to hierarchical structures with superior mechanical properties and multifunctionalities. These complex composites inspire material scientists to design new engineered materials by integrating multiple ingredients and structures over a wide range. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has advantages with respect to fabricating multiscale and multi-material structures. The need for multifunctional materials is driving 3D printing techniques toward arbitrary 3D architectures with the next level of complexity. In this paper, the aim is to highlight key features of those 3D printing techniques that can produce either multiscale or multimaterial structures, including innovations in printing methods, materials processing approaches, and hardware improvements. Several issues and challenges related to current methods are discussed. Ultimately, the authors also provide their perspective on how to realize the combination of multiscale and multimaterial capabilities in 3D printing processes and future directions based on emerging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Hawi B Gemeda
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Christopher M Spadaccini
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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6
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Zhao L, Spiehl D, Kohnen MC, Ceolin M, Mikolei JJ, Pardehkhorram R, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Printing of In Situ Functionalized Mesoporous Silica with Digital Light Processing for Combinatorial Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311121. [PMID: 38351645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial sensing is especially important in the context of modern drug development to enable fast screening of large data sets. Mesoporous silica materials offer high surface area and a wide range of functionalization possibilities. By adding structural control, the combination of structural and functional control along all length scales opens a new pathway that permits larger amounts of analytes being tested simultaneously for complex sensing tasks. This study presents a fast and simple way to produce mesoporous silica in various shapes and sizes between 0.27-6 mm by using light-induced sol-gel chemistry and digital light processing (DLP). Shape-selective functionalization of mesoporous silica is successfully carried out either after printing using organosilanes or in situ while printing through the use of functional mesopore template for the in situ functionalization approach. Shape-selective adsorption of dyes is shown as a demonstrator toward shape selective screening of potential analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Zhao
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Makromolekulare Chemie - Smart Membranes, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiehl
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Makromolekulare Chemie - Smart Membranes, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Druckmaschinen und Druckverfahren - IDD, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Magdalenenstr. 2, D-64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marion C Kohnen
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Makromolekulare Chemie - Smart Membranes, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ceolin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Diag. 113 y 64, La Plata, B1900, Argentina
| | - Joanna J Mikolei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Makromolekulare Chemie - Smart Membranes, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Makromolekulare Chemie - Smart Membranes, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Makromolekulare Chemie - Smart Membranes, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Barbera L, Korhonen H, Masania K, Studart AR. Phase-separating resins for light-based three-dimensional printing of oxide glasses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12323. [PMID: 38811757 PMCID: PMC11137103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Silica-based glasses can be shaped into complex geometries using a variety of additive manufacturing technologies. While the three-dimensional printing of glasses opens unprecedented design opportunities, the development of up-scaled, reliable manufacturing processes is crucial for the broader dissemination of this technology. Here, we design and study phase-separating resins that enable light-based 3D printing of oxide glasses with high-aspect-ratio features and enhanced manufacturing yields. The effect of the resin composition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and delamination resistance of parts printed by digital light processing is investigated with the help of printing experiments, compression tests and electron microscopy analysis. The chemical composition and microstructure of the cured resins were found to strongly affect the stiffness, delamination resistance, and calcination behavior of printed parts. These findings provide useful guidelines to enhance the reliability and yield of the DLP printing process of multicomponent silica-based glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barbera
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henry Korhonen
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Shaping Matter Lab, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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8
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Ahmadi M, Ehrmann K, Koch T, Liska R, Stampfl J. From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3978-4020. [PMID: 38546847 PMCID: PMC11009961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Liu C, Oriekhov T, Lee C, Harvey CM, Fokine M. Rapid Fabrication of Silica Microlens Arrays via Glass 3D Printing. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:460-466. [PMID: 38689924 PMCID: PMC11057534 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Rapid manufacturing of high purity fused silica glass micro-optics using a filament-based glass 3D printer has been demonstrated. A multilayer 5 × 5 microlens array was printed and subsequently characterized, showing fully dense lenses with uniform focal lengths and good imaging performance. A surface roughness on the order of Ra = 0.12 nm was achieved. Printing time for each lens was <10 s. Creating arrays with multifocal imaging capabilities was possible by individually varying the number of printed layers and radius for each lens, effectively changing the lens height and curvature. Glass 3D printing is shown in this study to be a versatile approach for fabricating silica micro-optics suitable for rapid prototyping or manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nobula3D AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taras Oriekhov
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nobula3D AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cherrie Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clarissa M. Harvey
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Fokine
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nobula3D AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Xu F, Zhang H, Liu H, Han W, Nie Z, Lu Y, Wang H, Zhu J. Ultrafast universal fabrication of configurable porous silicone-based elastomers by Joule heating chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317440121. [PMID: 38437532 PMCID: PMC10945771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317440121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicone-based elastomers (SEs) have been extensively applied in numerous cutting-edge areas, including flexible electronics, biomedicine, 5G smart devices, mechanics, optics, soft robotics, etc. However, traditional strategies for the synthesis of polymer elastomers, such as bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, solution polymerization, and emulsion polymerization, are inevitably restricted by long-time usage, organic solvent additives, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. Here, we propose a Joule heating chemistry method for ultrafast universal fabrication of SEs with configurable porous structures and tunable components (e.g., graphene, Ag, graphene oxide, TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4, V2O5, MoS2, BN, g-C3N4, BaCO3, CuI, BaTiO3, polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, montmorillonite, and EuDySrAlSiOx) within seconds by only employing H2O as the solvent. The intrinsic dynamics of the in situ polymerization and porosity creation of these SEs have been widely investigated. Notably, a flexible capacitive sensor made from as-fabricated silicone-based elastomers exhibits a wide pressure range, fast responses, long-term durability, extreme operating temperatures, and outstanding applicability in various media, and a wireless human-machine interaction system used for rescue activities in extreme conditions is established, which paves the way for more polymer-based material synthesis and wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
- School of Flexible Electronics and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics, Henan University, Zhengzhou450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haodong Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhentao Nie
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
- School of Flexible Electronics and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics, Henan University, Zhengzhou450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Yang M, Wei Y, Reineck P, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Li J, McLaughlin RA. Development of a glass-based imaging phantom to model the optical properties of human tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:346-359. [PMID: 38223187 PMCID: PMC10783914 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of a stable, reproducible optical imaging phantom is critical to the assessment and optimization of optical imaging systems. We demonstrate the use of an alternative material, glass, for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms. The glass matrix was doped with nickel ions to approximate the absorption of hemoglobin. Scattering levels representative of human tissue were induced in the glass matrix through controlled crystallization at elevated temperatures. We show that this type of glass is a viable material for creating tissue-mimicking optical phantoms by providing controlled levels of scattering and absorption with excellent optical homogeneity, long-term stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Yang
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yunle Wei
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philipp Reineck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jiawen Li
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Li B, Li Z, Cooperstein I, Shan W, Wang S, Jiang B, Zhang L, Magdassi S, He J. Additive Manufacturing of Transparent Multi-Component Nanoporous Glasses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305775. [PMID: 37870213 PMCID: PMC10724418 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of glass with complex geocd the low resolution of particle-based or fused glass technologies. Herein, a high-resolution 3D printing of transparent nanoporous glass is presented, by the combination of transparent photo-curable sol-gel printing compositions and digital light processing (DLP) technology. Multi-component glass, including binary (Al2 O3 -SiO2 ), ternary (ZnO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 , TiO2 -Al2 O3 -SiO2 ), and quaternary oxide (CaO-P2 O5 -Al2 O3 -SiO2 ) nanoporous glass objects with complex shapes, high spatial resolutions, and multi-oxide chemical compositions are fabricated, by DLP printing and subsequent sintering process. The uniform nanopores of Al2 O3 -SiO2 -based nanoporous glasses with the diameter (≈6.04 nm), which is much smaller than the visible light wavelength, result in high transmittance (>95%) at the visible range. The high surface area of printed glass objectives allows post-functionalization via the adsorption of functional guest molecules. The photoluminescence and hydrophobic modification of 3D printed glass objectives are successfully demonstrated. This work extends the scope of 3D printing to transparent nanoporous glasses with complex geometry and facile functionalization, making them available for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Ido Cooperstein
- Casali Center of Applied ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Wenze Shan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
| | - Shuaipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Benxue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Casali Center of Applied ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
- Casali Center of Applied ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
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13
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Xu Y, Du X, Wang Z, Liu H, Huang P, To S, Zhu L, Zhu Z. Room-Temperature Molding of Complex-Shaped Transparent Fused Silica Lenses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304756. [PMID: 37870176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The high hardness, brittleness, and thermal resistance impose significant challenges in the scalable manufacturing of fused silica lenses, which are widely used in numerous applications. Taking advantage of the nanocomposites by stirring silica nanopowders with photocurable resins, the newly emerged low-temperature pre-shaping technique provides a paradigm shift in fabricating transparent fused silica components. However, preparing the silica slurry and carefully evaporating the organics may significantly increase the process complexity and decrease the manufacturing efficiency for the nanocomposite-based technique. By directly pressing pure silica nanopowders against the complex-shaped metal molds in minutes, this work reports an entirely different room-temperature molding method capable of mass replication of complex-shaped silica lenses without organic additives. After sintering the replicated lenses, fully transparent fused silica lenses with spherical, arrayed, and freeform patterns are generated with nanometric surface roughness and well-reserved mold shapes, demonstrating a scalable and cost-effective route surpassing the current techniques for the manufacturing of high-quality fused silica lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Suet To
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - LiMin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
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14
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Zhu D, Zhang J, Xu Q, Li Y. Two-photon polymerization of silica glass diffractive micro-optics with minimal lateral shrinkage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36037-36047. [PMID: 38017762 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing enables the fabrication of silica glass optics with complex structures. However, shrinkage remains a significant obstacle to high-precision 3D printing of glass optics. Here we 3D-printed Dammann gratings (DGs) with low lateral shrinkage (<4%) using a two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique. The process consists of two steps: patterning two-photon polymerizable glass slurry with a 515 nm femtosecond laser to form desired structures and debinding/sintering the structures into transparent and dense silica glass. The sintered structures exhibited distinct shrinkage rates in the lateral against longitudinal directions. As the aspect ratio of the structures increased, the lateral shrinkage decreased, while the longitudinal shrinkage increased. Specifically, the structure with an aspect ratio of approximately 60 achieved a minimal lateral shrinkage of 1.1%, the corresponding longitudinal shrinkage was 61.7%. The printed DGs with a surface roughness below 20 nm demonstrated good beam-shaping performance. The presented technique opens up possibilities for rapid prototyping of silica diffractive optical elements.
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15
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Li M, Yue L, Rajan AC, Yu L, Sahu H, Montgomery SM, Ramprasad R, Qi HJ. Low-temperature 3D printing of transparent silica glass microstructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2958. [PMID: 37792949 PMCID: PMC10550221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent silica glass is one of the most essential materials used in society and industry, owing to its exceptional optical, thermal, and chemical properties. However, glass is extremely difficult to shape, especially into complex and miniaturized structures. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have allowed for the creation of glass structures, but these methods involve time-consuming and high-temperature processes. Here, we report a photochemistry-based strategy for making glass structures of micrometer size under mild conditions. Our technique uses a photocurable polydimethylsiloxane resin that is 3D printed into complex structures and converted to silica glass via deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation in an ozone environment. The unique DUV-ozone conversion process for silica microstructures is low temperature (~220°C) and fast (<5 hours). The printed silica glass is highly transparent with smooth surface, comparable to commercial fused silica glass. This work enables the creation of arbitrary structures in silica glass through photochemistry and opens opportunities in unexplored territories for glass processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Liang Yue
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Arunkumar Chitteth Rajan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Luxia Yu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Harikrishna Sahu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S. Macrae Montgomery
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - H. Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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16
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Madrid-Wolff J, Toombs J, Rizzo R, Bernal PN, Porcincula D, Walton R, Wang B, Kotz-Helmer F, Yang Y, Kaplan D, Zhang YS, Zenobi-Wong M, McLeod RR, Rapp B, Schwartz J, Shusteff M, Talyor H, Levato R, Moser C. A review of materials used in tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 13:764-785. [PMID: 37901477 PMCID: PMC10600040 DOI: 10.1557/s43579-023-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric additive manufacturing is a novel fabrication method allowing rapid, freeform, layer-less 3D printing. Analogous to computer tomography (CT), the method projects dynamic light patterns into a rotating vat of photosensitive resin. These light patterns build up a three-dimensional energy dose within the photosensitive resin, solidifying the volume of the desired object within seconds. Departing from established sequential fabrication methods like stereolithography or digital light printing, volumetric additive manufacturing offers new opportunities for the materials that can be used for printing. These include viscous acrylates and elastomers, epoxies (and orthogonal epoxy-acrylate formulations with spatially controlled stiffness) formulations, tunable stiffness thiol-enes and shape memory foams, polymer derived ceramics, silica-nanocomposite based glass, and gelatin-based hydrogels for cell-laden biofabrication. Here we review these materials, highlight the challenges to adapt them to volumetric additive manufacturing, and discuss the perspectives they present. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at10.1557/s43579-023-00447-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Toombs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Paulina Nuñez Bernal
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rebecca Walton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges Köhler Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert R. McLeod
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Bastian Rapp
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges Köhler Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Maxim Shusteff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA USA
| | - Hayden Talyor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Moser
- Ecole Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Zhang H, Liu YQ, Zhao S, Huang L, Wang Z, Gao Z, Zhu Z, Hu D, Liu H. Transparent and Robust Superhydrophobic Structure on Silica Glass Processed with Microstereolithography Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38132-38142. [PMID: 37506049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Silica glass devices are widely used due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, prolonged usage may result in abrasion and contamination of silica glass devices, adversely affecting the service life. One of the most effective solutions to this issue is surface modification, in which superhydrophobicity with high transmittance and mechanical robustness is highly desired. Inspired by the concept of protective armor, we proposed a novel approach for the direct integration of robust and transparent superhydrophobic structures on silica glass. In this method, microstereolithography synergistic heat treatment processes are used to create a micrometer-scale biomimetic frame on the surface of silica glass and then filled with in situ deposited nanoparticles. The superhydrophobicity of the surface can be obtained through the nanoparticles, and the biomimetic frame can protect the surface from direct contact with external objects to achieve durability. This process allows the preparation of superhydrophobic silica structures on the silica device surface at temperatures below its melting point, which prevents any damage to the devices during the heat treatment. Moreover, up to 90% transmittance does not affect the performance of silica devices. The composite structure maintains a contact angle of over 150° after multiple abrasion tests, verifying the mechanical robustness. This innovative process paves the way for forming a high mechanical robustness and excellent transmittance protective layer on silica glass devices, which expands the application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Long Huang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, J.S 210094, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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18
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Huang PH, Laakso M, Edinger P, Hartwig O, Duesberg GS, Lai LL, Mayer J, Nyman J, Errando-Herranz C, Stemme G, Gylfason KB, Niklaus F. Three-dimensional printing of silica glass with sub-micrometer resolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3305. [PMID: 37280208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica glass is a high-performance material used in many applications such as lenses, glassware, and fibers. However, modern additive manufacturing of micro-scale silica glass structures requires sintering of 3D-printed silica-nanoparticle-loaded composites at ~1200 °C, which causes substantial structural shrinkage and limits the choice of substrate materials. Here, 3D printing of solid silica glass with sub-micrometer resolution is demonstrated without the need of a sintering step. This is achieved by locally crosslinking hydrogen silsesquioxane to silica glass using nonlinear absorption of sub-picosecond laser pulses. The as-printed glass is optically transparent but shows a high ratio of 4-membered silicon-oxygen rings and photoluminescence. Optional annealing at 900 °C makes the glass indistinguishable from fused silica. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by 3D printing an optical microtoroid resonator, a luminescence source, and a suspended plate on an optical-fiber tip. This approach enables promising applications in fields such as photonics, medicine, and quantum-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Miku Laakso
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Pierre Edinger
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Oliver Hartwig
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany
| | - Georg S Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany
| | - Lee-Lun Lai
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Johan Nyman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Kristinn B Gylfason
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.
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19
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Bauer J, Crook C, Baldacchini T. A sinterless, low-temperature route to 3D print nanoscale optical-grade glass. Science 2023; 380:960-966. [PMID: 37262172 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of silica glass is dominated by techniques that rely on traditional particle sintering. At the nanoscale, this limits their adoption within microsystem technology, which prevents technological breakthroughs. We introduce the sinterless, two-photon polymerization 3D printing of free-form fused silica nanostructures from a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) resin. Contrary to particle-loaded sacrificial binders, our POSS resin itself constitutes a continuous silicon-oxygen molecular network that forms transparent fused silica at only 650°C. This temperature is 500°C lower than the sintering temperatures for fusing discrete silica particles to a continuum, which brings silica 3D printing below the melting points of essential microsystem materials. Simultaneously, we achieve a fourfold resolution enhancement, which enables visible light nanophotonics. By demonstrating excellent optical quality, mechanical resilience, ease of processing, and coverable size scale, our material sets a benchmark for micro- and nano-3D printing of inorganic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bauer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 94550, USA
| | - C Crook
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 94550, USA
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20
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Chen Q, Tian E, Wang Y, Mo J, Xu G, Zhu M. Recent Progress and Perspectives of Direct Ink Writing Applications for Mass Transfer Enhancement in Gas-Phase Adsorption and Catalysis. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201302. [PMID: 36871146 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional adsorbents and catalysts shaped by granulation or extrusion have high pressure drop and poor flexibility for chemical, energy, and environmental processes. Direct ink writing (DIW), a kind of 3D printing, has evolved into a crucial technique for manufacturing scalable configurations of adsorbents and catalysts with satisfactory programmable automation, highly optional materials, and reliable construction. Particularly, DIW can generate specific morphologies required for excellent mass transfer kinetics, which is essential in gas-phase adsorption and catalysis. Here, DIW methodologies for mass transfer enhancement in gas-phase adsorption and catalysis, covering the raw materials, fabrication process, auxiliary optimization methods, and practical applications are comprehensively summarized. The prospects and challenges of DIW methodology in realizing good mass transfer kinetics are discussed. Ideal components with a gradient porosity, multi-material structure, and hierarchical morphology are proposed for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Chen
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Enze Tian
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building, Ministry of Education (Tsinghua University), Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guiyin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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21
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Hua JG, Ren H, Huang J, Luan ML, Chen QD, Juodkazis S, Sun HB. Laser-Induced Cavitation-Assisted True 3D Nano-Sculpturing of Hard Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207968. [PMID: 36899492 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond lasers enable flexible and thermal-damage-free ablation of solid materials and are expected to play a critical role in high-precision cutting, drilling, and shaping of electronic chips, display panels, and industrial parts. Although the potential applications are theoretically predicted, true 3D nano-sculpturing of solids such as glasses and crystals, has not yet been demonstrated, owing to the technical challenge of negative cumulative effects of surface changes and debris accumulation on the delivery of laser pulses and subsequent material removal during direct-write ablation. Here, a femtosecond laser-induced cavitation-assisted true 3D nano-sculpturing technique based on the ingenious combination of cavitation dynamics and backside ablation is proposed to achieve stable clear-field point-by-point material removal in real time for precise 3D subtractive fabrication on various difficult-to-process materials. As a result, 3D devices including free-form silica lenses, micro-statue with vivid facial features, and rotatable sapphire micro-mechanical turbine, all with surface roughness less than 10 nm are readily produced. The true 3D processing capability can immediately enable novel structural and functional micro-nano optics and non-silicon micro-electro-mechanical systems based on various hard solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiatai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei-Ling Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qi-Dai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, ANFF, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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22
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Hegde C, Rosental T, Tan JMR, Magdassi S, Wong LH. Angle-independent solar radiation capture by 3D printed lattice structures for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1806-1815. [PMID: 36857680 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is one of the sustainable routes to renewable hydrogen production. One of the challenges to deploying photoelectrochemical (PEC) based electrolyzers is the difficulty in the effective capture of solar radiation as the illumination angle changes throughout the day. Herein, we demonstrate a method for the angle-independent capture of solar irradiation by using transparent 3 dimensional (3D) lattice structures as the photoanode in PEC water splitting. The transparent 3D lattice structures were fabricated by 3D printing a silica sol-gel followed by aging and sintering. These transparent 3D lattice structures were coated with a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film and a Mo-doped BiVO4 photoanode thin film by dip coating. The sheet resistance of the conductive lattice structures can reach as low as 340 Ohms per sq for ∼82% optical transmission. The 3D lattice structures furnished large volumetric current densities of 1.39 mA cm-3 which is about 2.4 times higher than a flat glass substrate (0.58 mA cm-3) at 1.23 V and 1.5 G illumination. Further, the 3D lattice structures showed no significant loss in performance due to a change in the angle of illumination, whereas the performance of the flat glass substrate was significantly affected. This work opens a new paradigm for more effective capture of solar radiation that will increase the solar to energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidanand Hegde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Tamar Rosental
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Joel Ming Rui Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Lydia Helena Wong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
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23
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Zhang H, Li F, Song H, Liu Y, Huang L, Zhao S, Xiong Z, Wang Z, Dong Y, Liu H. Random Silica-Glass Microlens Arrays Based on the Molding Technology of Photocurable Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19230-19240. [PMID: 37039331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Random microlens arrays (rMLAs) have been widely applied as a beam-shaping component within an optical system. Silica glass is undoubtedly the best choice for rMLAs because of its wide range of spectra with high transmission and high damage threshold. Yet, machining silica glass with user-defined shapes is still challenging. In this work, novel design and fabrication methods of random silica-glass microlens arrays (rSMLAs) are proposed and a detailed investigation of this technology is presented. Based on the molding technology, the fabricated rSMLAs with tunable divergent angles demonstrate superior physical properties with 1.81 nm roughness, 1074.33 HV hardness, and excellent thermal stability at 1250 °C for 3 h. Meanwhile, their characterized optical performance shows a high transmission of over 90% in the ultraviolet spectrum. The fabricated two types of rSMLAs exhibit excellent effects of beam homogenization with surprising energy utilization (more than 90%) and light spot uniformity (more than 80%). This innovative process paves a new route for fabricating rMLAs on solid silica glass and breaking down the barrier of rMLAs to broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huiying Song
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Long Huang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zheng Xiong
- Corning Research & Development Corporation, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Zhengxiao Wang
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yongjun Dong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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24
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Clement N, Kandasubramanian B. 3D Printed Ionogels In Sensors. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2126784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Clement
- Polymer Science, CIPET: Institute of Petrochemical Technology (IPT), HIL Colony, Edayar Road, Pathalam, Eloor, Udyogmandal P.O, Kochi 683501, India
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25
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Mao J, Cao H, Liu J, Zhou X, Fan Q, Wang J. Templated freezing assembly precisely regulates molecular assembly for free-standing centimeter-scale microtextured nanofilms. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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26
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Renner-Rao M, Jehle F, Priemel T, Duthoo E, Fratzl P, Bertinetti L, Harrington MJ. Mussels Fabricate Porous Glues via Multiphase Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Multiprotein Condensates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20877-20890. [PMID: 36413745 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) adhere to hard surfaces in intertidal marine habitats with a porous underwater glue called the byssus plaque. The plaque is an established role model for bioinspired underwater glues and comprises at least six proteins, most of which are highly cationic and enriched in the post-translationally modified amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). While much is known about the chemistry of plaque adhesion, less is understood about the natural plaque formation process. Here, we investigated plaque structure and formation using 3D electron microscopic imaging, revealing that micro- and nanopores form spontaneously during secretion of protein-filled secretory vesicles. To better understand this process, we developed a method to purify intact secretory vesicles for in vitro assembly studies. We discovered that each vesicle contains a sulfate-associated fluid condensate consisting of ∼9 histidine- and/or DOPA-rich proteins, which are presumably the required ingredients for building a plaque. Rupturing vesicles under specific buffering conditions relevant for natural assembly led to controlled multiphase liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of different proteins, resulting in formation of a continuous phase with coexisting droplets. Rapid coarsening of the droplet phase was arrested through pH-dependent cross-linking of the continuous phase, producing native-like solid porous "microplaques" with droplet proteins remaining as fluid condensates within the pores. Results indicate that histidine deprotonation and sulfates figure prominently in condensate cross-linking. Distilled concepts suggest that combining phase separation with tunable cross-linking kinetics could be effective for microfabricating hierarchically porous materials via self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Renner-Rao
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
| | - Franziska Jehle
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
- Dept. of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Tobias Priemel
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
| | - Emilie Duthoo
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Dept. of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Dept. of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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27
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Digital light processing additive manufacturing of thin dental porcelain veneers. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Zhu S, Xie G, Cui H, Li Q, Forth J, Yuan S, Tian J, Pan Y, Guo W, Chai Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yu RWH, Yu Y, Liu S, Chao Y, Shen Y, Zhao S, Russell TP, Shum HC. Aquabots. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13761-13770. [PMID: 35904791 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft robots, made from elastomers, easily bend and flex, but deformability constraints severely limit navigation through and within narrow, confined spaces. Using aqueous two-phase systems we print water-in-water constructs that, by aqueous phase-separation-induced self-assembly, produce ultrasoft liquid robots, termed aquabots, comprised of hierarchical structures that span in length scale from the nanoscopic to microsciopic, that are beyond the resolution limits of printing and overcome the deformability barrier. The exterior of the compartmentalized membranes is easily functionalized, for example, by binding enzymes, catalytic nanoparticles, and magnetic nanoparticles that impart sensitive magnetic responsiveness. These ultrasoft aquabots can adapt their shape for gripping and transporting objects and can be used for targeted photocatalysis, delivery, and release in confined and tortuous spaces. These biocompatible, multicompartmental, and multifunctional aquabots can be readily applied to medical micromanipulation, targeted cargo delivery, tissue engineering, and biomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ganhua Xie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Qingchuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Joe Forth
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jingxuan Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chai
- Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ryan Wing Hei Yu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K
| | - Yafeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sihan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Youchuang Chao
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sai Zhao
- Department of Physics, The City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, (SAR), Hong Kong, P. R. China
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29
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Mao LB, Meng YF, Meng XS, Yang B, Yang YL, Lu YJ, Yang ZY, Shang LM, Yu SH. Matrix-Directed Mineralization for Bulk Structural Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18175-18194. [PMID: 36162119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the performance of MBSMs. To overcome this problem, design principles have been extracted from natural biominerals, in which the extraordinary mechanical performance is achieved via the hierarchical organization of minerals and organics. Nevertheless, precise and efficient fabrication of MBSMs with bioinspired hierarchical structures under mild conditions has long been a big challenge. This Perspective provides a panoramic view of an emerging fabrication strategy, matrix-directed mineralization, which imitates the in vivo growth of some biominerals. The advantages of the strategy are revealed by comparatively analyzing the conventional fabrication techniques of artificial hierarchically structured MBSMs and the biomineral growth processes. By introducing recent advances, we demonstrate that this strategy can be used to fabricate artificial MBSMs with hierarchical structures. Particular attention is paid to the mass transport and the precursors that are involved in the mineralization process. We hope this Perspective can provide some inspiring viewpoints on the importance of biomimetic mineralization in material fabrication and thereby spur the biomimetic fabrication of high-performance MBSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Mao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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30
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Uzan AY, Milo O, Politi Y, Bar-On B. Principles of elastic bridging in biological materials. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:320-330. [PMID: 36167236 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Load-bearing biological materials employ specialized elastic bridging regions to connect material parts with substantially different properties. While such bridging regions emerge in diverse systems of biological systems, their functional-mechanical origins are yet disclosed. Here, we hypothesize that these elastic bridging regions evolved primarily to minimize the near-interface stress effects in the biological material and, supported by experiments and simulations, we develop a simple theoretical model for such stress-minimizing bridging modulus. Our theoretical model describes well extensive experimental data of diverse biomechanical systems, suggesting that despite their compositionally distinct bridging regions, they share a similar mechanical adaptation strategy for stress minimization. The theoretical model developed in this study may directly serve as a design guideline for bio-inspired materials, biomedical applications, and advanced interfacial architectures with high resilience to mechanical failure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biological materials exhibit unconventional structural-mechanical strategies allowing them to attain extreme load-bearing capabilities. Here, we identify the strategy of biological materials to connect parts of distinct elastic properties in an optimal manner of stress minimization. Our findings are compatible with broad types of biological materials, including biopolymers, biominerals, and their bio-composite combinations, and may promote novel engineering designs of advanced biomedical and synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avihai Yosef Uzan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Or Milo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yael Politi
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Benny Bar-On
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel..
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31
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Ghorbani F, Kim M, Monavari M, Ghalandari B, Boccaccini AR. Mussel-inspired polydopamine decorated alginate dialdehyde-gelatin 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:940070. [PMID: 36003531 PMCID: PMC9393248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.940070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study utilized extrusion-based 3D printing technology to fabricate calcium-cross-linked alginate dialdehyde-gelatin scaffolds for bone regeneration. The surface of polymeric constructs was modified with mussel-derived polydopamine (PDA) in order to induce biomineralization, increase hydrophilicity, and enhance cell interactions. Microscopic observations revealed that the PDA layer homogeneously coated the surface and did not appear to induce any distinct change in the microstructure of the scaffolds. The PDA-functionalized scaffolds were more mechanically stable (compression strength of 0.69 ± 0.02 MPa) and hydrophilic (contact angle of 26) than non-modified scaffolds. PDA-decorated ADA-GEL scaffolds demonstrated greater durability. As result of the 18-days immersion in simulated body fluid solution, the PDA-coated scaffolds showed satisfactory biomineralization. Based on theoretical energy analysis, it was shown that the scaffolds coated with PDA interact spontaneously with osteocalcin and osteomodulin (binding energy values of -35.95 kJ mol-1 and -46.39 kJ mol-1, respectively), resulting in the formation of a protein layer on the surface, suggesting applications in bone repair. PDA-coated ADA-GEL scaffolds are capable of supporting osteosarcoma MG-63 cell adhesion, viability (140.18% after 7 days), and proliferation. In addition to increased alkaline phosphatase secretion, osteoimage intensity also increased, indicating that the scaffolds could potentially induce bone regeneration. As a consequence, the present results confirm that 3D printed PDA-coated scaffolds constitute an intriguing novel approach for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Kleger N, Fehlmann S, Lee SS, Dénéréaz C, Cihova M, Paunović N, Bao Y, Leroux JC, Ferguson SJ, Masania K, Studart AR. Light-Based Printing of Leachable Salt Molds for Facile Shaping of Complex Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203878. [PMID: 35731018 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is a powerful manufacturing technology for shaping materials into complex structures. While the palette of printable materials continues to expand, the rheological and chemical requisites for printing are not always easy to fulfill. Here, a universal manufacturing platform is reported for shaping materials into intricate geometries without the need for their printability, but instead using light-based printed salt structures as leachable molds. The salt structures are printed using photocurable resins loaded with NaCl particles. The printing, debinding, and sintering steps involved in the process are systematically investigated to identify ink formulations enabling the preparation of crack-free salt templates. The experiments reveal that the formation of a load-bearing network of salt particles is essential to prevent cracking of the mold during the process. By infiltrating the sintered salt molds and leaching the template in water, complex-shaped architectures are created from diverse compositions such as biomedical silicone, chocolate, light metals, degradable elastomers, and fiber composites, thus demonstrating the universal, cost-effective, and sustainable nature of this new manufacturing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kleger
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simona Fehlmann
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Seunghun S Lee
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Dénéréaz
- Laboratory of Mechanical Metallurgy, Institute of Materials, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Nevena Paunović
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Nano- to macro-scale control of 3D printed materials via polymerization induced microphase separation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3577. [PMID: 35732624 PMCID: PMC9217958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 3D printing allows the macroscopic structure of objects to be easily controlled, controlling the nanostructure of 3D printed materials has rarely been reported. Herein, we report an efficient and versatile process for fabricating 3D printed materials with controlled nanoscale structural features. This approach uses resins containing macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) which microphase separate during the photoinduced 3D printing process to form nanostructured materials. By varying the chain length of the macroCTA, we demonstrate a high level of control over the microphase separation behavior, resulting in materials with controllable nanoscale sizes and morphologies. Importantly, the bulk mechanical properties of 3D printed objects are correlated with their morphologies; transitioning from discrete globular to interpenetrating domains results in a marked improvement in mechanical performance, which is ascribed to the increased interfacial interaction between soft and hard domains. Overall, the findings of this work enable the simplified production of materials with tightly controllable nanostructures for broad potential applications.
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34
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Hong Z, Ye P, Loy DA, Liang R. High-Precision Printing of Complex Glass Imaging Optics with Precondensed Liquid Silica Resin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105595. [PMID: 35470571 PMCID: PMC9218758 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of optics has gained significant attention in optical industry, but most of the research has been focused on organic polymers. In spite of recent progress in 3D printing glass, 3D printing of precision glass optics for imaging applications still faces challenges from shrinkage during printing and thermal processing, and from inadequate surface shape and quality to meet the requirements for imaging applications. This paper reports a new liquid silica resin (LSR) with higher curing speed, better mechanical properties, lower sintering temperature, and reduced shrinkage, as well as the printing process for high-precision glass optics for imaging applications. It is demonstrated that the proposed material and printing process can print almost all types of optical surfaces, including flat, spherical, aspherical, freeform, and discontinuous surfaces, with accurate surface shape and high surface quality for imaging applications. It is also demonstrated that the proposed method can print complex optical systems with multiple optical elements, completely removing the time-consuming and error-prone alignment process. Most importantly, the proposed printing method is able to print optical systems with active moving elements, significantly improving system flexibility and functionality. The printing method will enable the much-needed transformational manufacturing of complex freeform glass optics that are currently inaccessible with conventional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Hong
- James C. Wyant College of Optical SciencesThe University of Arizona1630 E University BlvdTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Piaoran Ye
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of Arizona1306 E. University BlvdTucsonAZ85721‐0041USA
| | - Douglas A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of Arizona1306 E. University BlvdTucsonAZ85721‐0041USA
| | - Rongguang Liang
- James C. Wyant College of Optical SciencesThe University of Arizona1630 E University BlvdTucsonAZ85721USA
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35
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Chinn A, Marsh EL, Nguyen T, Alhejaj ZB, Butler MJ, Nguyen BT, Sasan K, Dylla-Spears RJ, Destino JF. Silica-Encapsulated Germania Colloids as 3D-Printable Glass Precursors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17492-17500. [PMID: 35647440 PMCID: PMC9134392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell colloids make attractive feedstocks for three-dimensional (3D) printing mixed oxide glass materials because they enable synthetic control of precursor dimensions and compositions, improving glass fabrication precision. Toward that end, we report the design and use of core-shell germania-silica (GeO2-SiO2) colloids and their use as precursors to fabricate GeO2-SiO2 glass monoliths by direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing. By this method, GeO2 colloids were prepared in solution using sol-gel chemistry and formed oblong, raspberry-like agglomerates with ∼15 nm diameter primary particles that were predominantly amorphous but contained polycrystalline domains. An ∼15 nm encapsulating SiO2 shell layer was formed directly on the GeO2 core agglomerates to form core-shell GeO2-SiO2 colloids. For glass 3D printing, GeO2-SiO2 colloidal sols were formulated into a viscous ink by solvent exchange, printed into monoliths by DIW additive manufacturing, and sintered to transparent glasses. Characterization of the glass components demonstrates that the core-shell GeO2-SiO2 presents a feasible route to prepare quality, optically transparent low wt % GeO2-SiO2 glasses by DIW printing. Additionally, the results offer a novel, hybrid colloid approach to fabricating 3D-printed Ge-doped silica glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra
C. Chinn
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Eric L. Marsh
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Tim Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Zackarea B. Alhejaj
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
- Omaha
North High Magnet School, 4410 N 36th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68111, United
States
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Bachtri T. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Koroush Sasan
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Dylla-Spears
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joel F. Destino
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
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36
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Toombs JT, Luitz M, Cook CC, Jenne S, Li CC, Rapp BE, Kotz-Helmer F, Taylor HK. Volumetric additive manufacturing of silica glass with microscale computed axial lithography. Science 2022; 376:308-312. [PMID: 35420940 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glass is increasingly desired as a material for manufacturing complex microscopic geometries, from the micro-optics in compact consumer products to microfluidic systems for chemical synthesis and biological analyses. As the size, geometric, surface roughness, and mechanical strength requirements of glass evolve, conventional processing methods are challenged. We introduce microscale computed axial lithography (micro-CAL) of fused silica components, by tomographically illuminating a photopolymer-silica nanocomposite that is then sintered. We fabricated three-dimensional microfluidics with internal diameters of 150 micrometers, free-form micro-optical elements with a surface roughness of 6 nanometers, and complex high-strength trusses and lattice structures with minimum feature sizes of 50 micrometers. As a high-speed, layer-free digital light manufacturing process, micro-CAL can process nanocomposites with high solids content and high geometric freedom, enabling new device structures and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Toombs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manuel Luitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caitlyn C Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sophie Jenne
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chi Chung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hayden K Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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37
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Habibi M, Foroughi S, Karamzadeh V, Packirisamy M. Direct sound printing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1800. [PMID: 35387993 PMCID: PMC8986813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo- and thermo-activated reactions are dominant in Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for polymerization or melting/deposition of polymers. However, ultrasound activated sonochemical reactions present a unique way to generate hotspots in cavitation bubbles with extraordinary high temperature and pressure along with high heating and cooling rates which are out of reach for the current AM technologies. Here, we demonstrate 3D printing of structures using acoustic cavitation produced directly by focused ultrasound which creates sonochemical reactions in highly localized cavitation regions. Complex geometries with zero to varying porosities and 280 μm feature size are printed by our method, Direct Sound Printing (DSP), in a heat curing thermoset, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) that cannot be printed directly so far by any method. Sonochemiluminescnce, high speed imaging and process characterization experiments of DSP and potential applications such as remote distance printing are presented. Our method establishes an alternative route in AM using ultrasound as the energy source. Photo- and thermo-activated polymerization and melting processes are dominant in Additive Manufacturing (AM) while ultrasound activated sonochemical reactions have not been explored for AM so far. Here, the authors demonstrate 3D printing of structures using acoustic cavitation produced directly by focused ultrasound which creates sonochemical reactions in highly localized cavitation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Habibi
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shervin Foroughi
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vahid Karamzadeh
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Muthukumaran Packirisamy
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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38
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λ/30 inorganic features achieved by multi-photon 3D lithography. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1357. [PMID: 35292637 PMCID: PMC8924217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It’s critically important to construct arbitrary inorganic features with high resolution. As an inorganic photoresist, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) has been patterned by irradiation sources with short wavelength, such as EUV and electron beam. However, the fabrication of three- dimensional nanoscale HSQ features utilizing infrared light sources is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) of HSQ through multi-photon absorption process. 26 nm feature size is achieved by using 780 nm fs laser, indicating super-diffraction limit photolithography of λ/30 for HSQ. HSQ microstructures by FsLDW possess nanoscale resolution, smooth surface, and thermal stability up to 600 °C. Furthermore, we perform FsLDW of HSQ to construct structural colour and Fresnel lens with desirable optical properties, thermal and chemical resistance. This study demonstrates that inorganic features can be flexibly achieved by FsLDW of HSQ, which would be prospective for fabricating micro-nano devices requiring nanoscale resolution, thermal and chemical resistance. Stereolithography has progressed over the years but resolution and feature size is still limited by the properties of materials and resins. Here, the authors demonstrate femtosecond laser direct writing of a hydrogen silsesquioxane photoresist using a 780 nm femtosecond laser demonstrating feature sizes of 26 nm.
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39
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Zhang B, Gui X, Song P, Xu X, Guo L, Han Y, Wang L, Zhou C, Fan Y, Zhang X. Three-Dimensional Printing of Large-Scale, High-Resolution Bioceramics with Micronano Inner Porosity and Customized Surface Characterization Design for Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8804-8815. [PMID: 35156367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technologies have opened up new possibilities for manufacturing bioceramics with complex shapes in a completely digital fabrication process. Some bioceramics have demonstrated elaborate design and high resolution in their small parts through digital light projection (DLP) printing. However, it is still a challenge to prepare large-scale, high-precision ceramics that can effectively regulate the bioactivity of materials. In this study, we fabricated a large-scale hydroxyapatite porous bioceramic (length >150 mm) using DLP. This bioceramic had highly micronanoporous surface structures (printing resolution <65 μm), which could be controlled by adjusting the solid content and sintering process. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the designed bioceramic had promising bone regeneration ability. This study provides significant evidence for exploring the effects of microenvironments on bone tissue regeneration. These results indicated that DLP technology has the potential to produce large-scale bone tissue engineering scaffolds with accurate porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanlong Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
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40
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Fernández-Rico C, Sai T, Sicher A, Style RW, Dufresne ER. Putting the Squeeze on Phase Separation. JACS AU 2022; 2:66-73. [PMID: 35098222 PMCID: PMC8790737 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation is a ubiquitous process and finds applications in a variety of biological, organic, and inorganic systems. Nature has evolved the ability to control phase separation to both regulate cellular processes and make composite materials with outstanding mechanical and optical properties. Striking examples of the latter are the vibrant blue and green feathers of many bird species, which are thought to result from an exquisite control of the size and spatial correlations of their phase-separated microstructures. By contrast, it is much harder for material scientists to arrest and control phase separation in synthetic materials with such a high level of precision at these length scales. In this Perspective, we briefly review some established methods to control liquid-liquid phase separation processes and then highlight the emergence of a promising arrest method based on phase separation in an elastic polymer network. Finally, we discuss upcoming challenges and opportunities for fabricating microstructured materials via mechanically controlled phase separation.
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41
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Wang B, Engay E, Stubbe PR, Moghaddam SZ, Thormann E, Almdal K, Islam A, Yang Y. Stiffness control in dual color tomographic volumetric 3D printing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:367. [PMID: 35042893 PMCID: PMC8766567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomographic volumetric printing (TVP) physically reverses tomography to offer fast and auxiliary-free 3D printing. Here we show that wavelength-sensitive photoresins can be cured using visible ([Formula: see text] nm) and UV ([Formula: see text] nm) sources simultaneously in a TVP setup to generate internal mechanical property gradients with high precision. We develop solutions of mixed acrylate and epoxy monomers and utilize the orthogonal chemistry between free radical and cationic polymerization to realize fully 3D stiffness control. The radial resolution of stiffness control is 300 µm or better and an average modulus gradient of 5 MPa/µm is achieved. We further show that the reactive transport of radical inhibitors defines a workpiece's shape and limits the achievable stiffness contrast to a range from 127 MPa to 201 MPa according to standard tensile tests after post-processing. Our result presents a strategy for controlling the stiffness of material spatially in light-based volumetric additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Einstom Engay
- National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter R Stubbe
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saeed Z Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aminul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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42
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Zhang H, Huang L, Tan M, Zhao S, Liu H, Lu Z, Li J, Liang Z. Overview of 3D-Printed Silica Glass. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 35056246 PMCID: PMC8779994 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Not satisfied with the current stage of the extensive research on 3D printing technology for polymers and metals, researchers are searching for more innovative 3D printing technologies for glass fabrication in what has become the latest trend of interest. The traditional glass manufacturing process requires complex high-temperature melting and casting processes, which presents a great challenge to the fabrication of arbitrarily complex glass devices. The emergence of 3D printing technology provides a good solution. This paper reviews the recent advances in glass 3D printing, describes the history and development of related technologies, and lists popular applications of 3D printing for glass preparation. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of various processing methods, summarizes the problems encountered in the process of technology application, and proposes the corresponding solutions to select the most appropriate preparation method in practical applications. The application of additive manufacturing in glass fabrication is in its infancy but has great potential. Based on this view, the methods for glass preparation with 3D printing technology are expected to achieve both high-speed and high-precision fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Long Huang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zifeng Lu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinhuan Li
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhu Liang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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43
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Zhang C, Zheng H, Sun J, Zhou Y, Xu W, Dai Y, Mo J, Wang Z. 3D Printed, Solid-State Conductive Ionoelastomer as a Generic Building Block for Tactile Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105996. [PMID: 34734449 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shaping soft and conductive materials into preferential architectures via 3D printing is highly attractive for numerous applications ranging from tactile devices to bioelectronics. A landmark type of soft and conductive materials is hydrogels/ionogels. However, 3D-printed hydrogels/ionogels still suffer from a fundamental bottleneck: limited stability in their electrical-mechanical properties caused by the evaporation and leakage of liquid within hydrogels/ionogels. Although photocurable liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers can circumvent these limitations, the associated photocurable process is cumbersome and hence the printing quality is relatively poor. Herein, a fast photocurable, solid-state conductive ionoelastomer (SCIE) is developed that enables high-resolution 3D printing of arbitrary architectures. The printed building blocks possess many promising features over the conventional ion-conducting materials, including high resolution architectures (even ≈50 µm overhanging lattices), good Young's modulus (up to ≈6.2 MPa), and stretchability (fracture strain of ≈292%), excellent conductivity tolerance in a wide range of temperatures (from -30 to 80 °C), as well as fine elasticity and antifatigue ability even after 10 000 loading-unloading cycles. It is further demonstrated that the printed building blocks can be programmed into 3D flexible tactile sensors such as gyroid-based piezoresistive sensor and gap-based capacitive sensor, both of which exhibit several times higher in sensitivity than their bulky counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huanxi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongsen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wanghuai Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuhang Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiaying Mo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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44
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Li P, Zeng X, Li S, Xiang X, Chen P, Li Y, Liu BF. Rapid Determination of Phase Diagrams for Biomolecular Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation with Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2021; 94:687-694. [PMID: 34936324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular phase separation is currently emerging in both the medical and life science fields. Meanwhile, the application of liquid-liquid phase separation has been extended to many fields including drug discovery, fibrous material fabrication, 3D printing, and polymer design. Although more than 8600 proteins and other synthetic macromolecules are capable of phase separation as recently reported, there is still a lack of a high-throughput approach to quantitatively characterize its phase behaviors. To meet this requirement, here, we proposed fast and high-resolution acquisition of biomolecular phase diagrams using microfluidic chips. Using this platform, we demonstrated the phase behavior of polyU/RRASLRRASLRRASL in a quantitative manner. Up to 1750 concentration conditions can be generated in 140 min. The detection limitation of our device to capture the saturation concentration for phase separation is about 5 times lower than that of the traditional turbidity method. Thus, our results provide a basis for the rapid acquisition of phase diagrams with high-throughput and pave the way for its wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xufu Xiang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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45
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Present state of 3D printing from glass. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper deals with the issue of additive technologies using glass. At the beginning, our research dealt with a review of the current state and specification of potentially interesting methods and solutions. At present, this technology is being actively developed and studied in glass research. However, as the project started at the Department of Glass Producing Machines and Robotics, the following text will be more focused on the existing 3D printing machinery and basic technological approaches. Although “additive manufacturing” in the sense of adding materials has been used in glass manufacturing since the beginning of the production of glass by humans, the term additive manufacturing nowadays refers to 3D printing. Currently, there are several approaches to 3D printing of glass that have various outstanding advantages, but also several serious limitations. The resulting products very often have a high degree of shrinkage and rounding (after sintering), and specific shape structures (after the application in layers), but they generally have a large number of defects (especially bubbles or crystallization issues). Some technologies do not lead to the production of transparent glass and, therefore, its optical properties are significantly restricted. So far, the additive manufacturing of glass do not produce goods that are price competitive to goods produced by conventional glass-making technologies. If 3D glass printing is to be successful as an industrial and/or highly aesthetically valuable method, then it must bring new and otherwise unachievable features and properties, as with 3D printing of plastic, metal, or ceramics. Nowadays, these technologies promise to be such a tool and are beginning to attract more and more interest.
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Parnian P, D’Amore A. Fabrication of High-Performance CNT Reinforced Polymer Composite for Additive Manufacturing by Phase Inversion Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4007. [PMID: 34833304 PMCID: PMC8623299 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) of polymer composites has enabled the fabrication of highly customized parts with notably mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity compared to un-reinforced polymers. Employing the reinforcements was a key factor in improving the properties of polymers after being 3D printed. However, almost all the existing 3D printing methods could make the most of disparate fiber reinforcement techniques, the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method is reviewed in this study to better understand its flexibility to employ for the proposed novel method. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a desirable reinforcement have a great potential to improve the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of 3D printed polymers. Several functionalization approaches for the preparation of CNT reinforced composites are discussed in this study. However, due to the non-uniform distribution and direction of reinforcements, the properties of the resulted specimen do not change as theoretically expected. Based on the phase inversion method, this paper proposes a novel technique to produce CNT-reinforced filaments to simultaneously increase the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. A homogeneous CNT dispersion in a dilute polymer solution is first obtained by sonication techniques. Then, the CNT/polymer filaments with the desired CNT content can be obtained by extracting the polymer's solvent. Furthermore, optimizing the filament draw ratio can result in a reasonable CNT orientation along the filament stretching direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto D’Amore
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy;
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Kleger N, Minas C, Bosshard P, Mattich I, Masania K, Studart AR. Hierarchical porous materials made by stereolithographic printing of photo-curable emulsions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22316. [PMID: 34785726 PMCID: PMC8595381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous materials are relevant for a broad range of technologies from catalysis and filtration, to tissue engineering and lightweight structures. Controlling the porosity of these materials over multiple length scales often leads to enticing new functionalities and higher efficiency but has been limited by manufacturing challenges and the poor understanding of the properties of hierarchical structures. Here, we report an experimental platform for the design and manufacturing of hierarchical porous materials via the stereolithographic printing of stable photo-curable Pickering emulsions. In the printing process, the micron-sized droplets of the emulsified resins work as soft templates for the incorporation of microscale porosity within sequentially photo-polymerized layers. The light patterns used to polymerize each layer on the building stage further generate controlled pores with bespoke three-dimensional geometries at the millimetre scale. Using this combined fabrication approach, we create architectured lattices with mechanical properties tuneable over several orders of magnitude and large complex-shaped inorganic objects with unprecedented porous designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kleger
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Minas
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bosshard
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iacopo Mattich
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Soft Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Shaping Matter Lab, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ahn D, Stevens LM, Zhou K, Page ZA. Additives for Ambient 3D Printing with Visible Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104906. [PMID: 34523168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With 3D printing, the desire is to be "limited only by imagination," and although remarkable advancements have been made in recent years, the scope of printable materials remains narrow compared to other forms of manufacturing. Light-driven polymerization methods for 3D printing are particularly attractive due to unparalleled speed and resolution, yet the reliance on high-energy UV/violet light in contemporary processes limits the number of compatible materials due to pervasive absorption, scattering, and degradation at these short wavelengths. Such issues can be addressed with visible-light photopolymerizations. However, these lower-energy methods often suffer from slow reaction times and sensitivity to oxygen, precluding their utility in 3D printing processes that require rapid hardening (curing) to maximize build speed and resolution. Herein, multifunctional thiols are identified as simple additives to enable rapid high-resolution visible-light 3D printing under ambient (atmospheric O2 ) conditions that rival modern UV/violet-based technology. The present process is universal, providing access to commercially relevant acrylic resins with a range of disparate mechanical responses from strong and stiff to soft and extensible. Pushing forward, the insight presented within this study will inform the development of next-generation 3D-printing materials, such as multicomponent hydrogels and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lynn M Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Colombo P, Franchin G. Printing glass in the nano. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1454-1456. [PMID: 34697428 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Colombo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Giorgia Franchin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Wen X, Zhang B, Wang W, Ye F, Yue S, Guo H, Gao G, Zhao Y, Fang Q, Nguyen C, Zhang X, Bao J, Robinson JT, Ajayan PM, Lou J. 3D-printed silica with nanoscale resolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1506-1511. [PMID: 34650230 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating inorganic materials with designed three-dimensional nanostructures is an exciting yet challenging area of research and industrial application. Here, we develop an approach to 3D print high-quality nanostructures of silica with sub-200 nm resolution and with the flexible capability of rare-earth element doping. The printed SiO2 can be either amorphous glass or polycrystalline cristobalite controlled by the sintering process. The 3D-printed nanostructures demonstrate attractive optical properties. For instance, the fabricated micro-toroid optical resonators can reach quality factors (Q) of over 104. Moreover, and importantly for optical applications, doping and codoping of rare-earth salts such as Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Eu3+ and Nd3+ can be directly implemented in the printed SiO2 structures, showing strong photoluminescence at the desired wavelengths. This technique shows the potential for building integrated microphotonics with silica via 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiewen Wen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuai Yue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yushun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiyi Fang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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