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Gorelov R, Weiner A, Huebner A, Yagi M, Haghani A, Brooke R, Horvath S, Hochedlinger K. Dissecting the impact of differentiation stage, replicative history, and cell type composition on epigenetic clocks. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:1242-1254. [PMID: 39178844 PMCID: PMC11411293 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks, built on DNA methylation patterns of bulk tissues, are powerful age predictors, but their biological basis remains incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of epigenetic age in murine muscle, epithelial, and blood cell types across lifespan. Strikingly, our results show that cellular subpopulations within these tissues, including adult stem and progenitor cells as well as their differentiated progeny, exhibit different epigenetic ages. Accordingly, we experimentally demonstrate that clocks can be skewed by age-associated changes in tissue composition. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that the observed variation in epigenetic age among adult stem cells correlates with their proliferative state, and, fittingly, forced proliferation of stem cells leads to increases in epigenetic age. Collectively, our analyses elucidate the impact of cell type composition, differentiation state, and replicative potential on epigenetic age, which has implications for the interpretation of existing clocks and should inform the development of more sensitive clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gorelov
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron Weiner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron Huebner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Masaki Yagi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Lam F, Leisegang MS, Brandes RP. LncRNAs Are Key Regulators of Transcription Factor-Mediated Endothelial Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9726. [PMID: 39273673 PMCID: PMC11395311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional role of long noncoding RNAs in the endothelium is highly diverse. Among their many functions, regulation of transcription factor activity and abundance is one of the most relevant. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research on the lncRNA-transcription factor axes and their implications for the vascular endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The focus is on transcription factors critical for the endothelial response to external stressors, such as hypoxia, inflammation, and shear stress, and their lncRNA interactors. These regulatory interactions will be exemplified by a selected number of lncRNAs that have been identified in the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions that are influencing the activity or protein stability of important transcription factors. Thus, lncRNAs can add a layer of cell type-specific function to transcription factors. Understanding the interaction of lncRNAs with transcription factors will contribute to elucidating cardiovascular disease pathologies and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Lam
- Goethe University, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- Goethe University, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Goethe University, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Augustin HG, Koh GY. A systems view of the vascular endothelium in health and disease. Cell 2024; 187:4833-4858. [PMID: 39241746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The dysfunction of blood-vessel-lining endothelial cells is a major cause of mortality. Although endothelial cells, being present in all organs as a single-cell layer, are often conceived as a rather inert cell population, the vascular endothelium as a whole should be considered a highly dynamic and interactive systemically disseminated organ. We present here a holistic view of the field of vascular research and review the diverse functions of blood-vessel-lining endothelial cells during the life cycle of the vasculature, namely responsive and relaying functions of the vascular endothelium and the responsive roles as instructive gatekeepers of organ function. Emerging translational perspectives in regenerative medicine, preventive medicine, and aging research are developed. Collectively, this review is aimed at promoting disciplinary coherence in the field of angioscience for a broader appreciation of the importance of the vasculature for organ function, systemic health, and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Certo M, Rahimzadeh M, Mauro C. Immunometabolism in atherosclerosis: a new understanding of an old disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:791-803. [PMID: 38937222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition, remains a leading cause of death globally, necessitating innovative approaches to target pro-atherogenic pathways. Recent advancements in the field of immunometabolism have highlighted the crucial interplay between metabolic pathways and immune cell function in atherogenic milieus. Macrophages and T cells undergo dynamic metabolic reprogramming to meet the demands of activation and differentiation, influencing plaque progression. Furthermore, metabolic intermediates intricately regulate immune cell responses and atherosclerosis development. Understanding the metabolic control of immune responses in atherosclerosis, known as athero-immunometabolism, offers new avenues for preventive and therapeutic interventions. This review elucidates the emerging intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity in atherosclerosis, underscoring the significance of metabolic enzymes and metabolites as key regulators of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Mahsa Rahimzadeh
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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5
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Robert F, Certain MC, Baron A, Thuillet R, Duhaut L, Ottaviani M, Chelgham MK, Normand C, Berrebeh N, Ricard N, Furlan V, Desroches-Castan A, Gonzales E, Jacquemin E, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Bailly S, Coilly A, Guignabert C, Tu L, Savale L. Disrupted BMP-9 Signaling Impairs Pulmonary Vascular Integrity in Hepatopulmonary Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:648-661. [PMID: 38626313 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202307-1289oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe complication of liver diseases characterized by abnormal dilation of pulmonary vessels, resulting in impaired oxygenation. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of liver-produced BMP-9 (bone morphogenetic protein-9) in maintaining pulmonary vascular integrity. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the involvement of BMP-9 in human and experimental HPS. Methods: Circulating BMP-9 levels were measured in 63 healthy control subjects and 203 patients with cirrhosis with or without HPS. Two animal models of portal hypertension were employed: common bile duct ligation with cirrhosis and long-term partial portal vein ligation without cirrhosis. Additionally, the therapeutic effect of low-dose BMP activator FK506 was investigated, and the pulmonary vascular phenotype of BMP-9-knockout rats was analyzed. Measurements and Main Results: Patients with HPS related to compensated cirrhosis exhibited lower levels of circulating BMP-9 compared with patients without HPS. Patients with severe cirrhosis exhibited consistently low levels of BMP-9. HPS characteristics were observed in animal models, including intrapulmonary vascular dilations and an increase in the alveolar-arterial gradient. HPS development in both rat models correlated with reduced intrahepatic BMP-9 expression, decreased circulating BMP-9 level and activity, and impaired pulmonary BMP-9 endothelial pathway. Daily treatment with FK506 for 2 weeks restored the BMP pathway in the lungs, alleviating intrapulmonary vascular dilations and improving gas exchange impairment. Furthermore, BMP-9-knockout rats displayed a pulmonary HPS phenotype, supporting its role in disease progression. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that portal hypertension-induced loss of BMP-9 signaling contributes to HPS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Certain
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire (PulmoTension), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Baron
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire (PulmoTension), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Léa Duhaut
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR_S 1193, Hepatinov, Orsay, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mustapha Kamel Chelgham
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Corinne Normand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nihel Berrebeh
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- Biosanté Unit UMR_S 1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternative (CEA), Grenoble, France
| | - Valerie Furlan
- Service de pharmacologie-toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Agnès Desroches-Castan
- Biosanté Unit UMR_S 1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternative (CEA), Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Gonzales
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR_S 1193, Hepatinov, Orsay, France
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR_S 1193, Hepatinov, Orsay, France
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire (PulmoTension), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire (PulmoTension), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Biosanté Unit UMR_S 1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternative (CEA), Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Coilly
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR_S 1193, Hepatinov, Orsay, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999 "Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique (HPPIT)", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 999 "HPPIT", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire (PulmoTension), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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6
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Al-Nuaimi DA, Rütsche D, Abukar A, Hiebert P, Zanetti D, Cesarovic N, Falk V, Werner S, Mazza E, Giampietro C. Hydrostatic pressure drives sprouting angiogenesis via adherens junction remodelling and YAP signalling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:940. [PMID: 39097636 PMCID: PMC11297954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell physiology is governed by its unique microenvironment at the interface between blood and tissue. A major contributor to the endothelial biophysical environment is blood hydrostatic pressure, which in mechanical terms applies isotropic compressive stress on the cells. While other mechanical factors, such as shear stress and circumferential stretch, have been extensively studied, little is known about the role of hydrostatic pressure in the regulation of endothelial cell behavior. Here we show that hydrostatic pressure triggers partial and transient endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endothelial monolayers of different vascular beds. Values mimicking microvascular pressure environments promote proliferative and migratory behavior and impair barrier properties that are characteristic of a mesenchymal transition, resulting in increased sprouting angiogenesis in 3D organotypic model systems ex vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, this response is linked to differential cadherin expression at the adherens junctions, and to an increased YAP expression, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity prevents pressure-induced sprouting angiogenesis. Together, this work establishes hydrostatic pressure as a key modulator of endothelial homeostasis and as a crucial component of the endothelial mechanical niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Rütsche
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Asra Abukar
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Dominik Zanetti
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
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7
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Perez-Gutierrez L, Li P, Ferrara N. Endothelial cell diversity: the many facets of the crystal. FEBS J 2024; 291:3287-3302. [PMID: 36266750 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of blood vessels and play crucial roles in angiogenesis. While it has been known for a long time that there are considerable differences among ECs from lymphatic and blood vessels, as well as among arteries, veins and capillaries, the full repertoire of endothelial diversity is only beginning to be elucidated. It has become apparent that the role of ECs is not just limited to their exchange functions. Indeed, a multitude of organ-specific functions, including release of growth factors, regulation of immune functions, have been linked to ECs. Recent years have seen a surge into the identification of spatiotemporal molecular and functional heterogeneity of ECs, supported by technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), lineage tracing and intersectional genetics. Together, these techniques have spurred the generation of epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ECs. It is now clear that ECs across organs and in different vascular beds, but even within the same vessel, have unique molecular identities and employ specialized molecular mechanisms to fulfil highly specialized needs. Here, we focus on the molecular heterogeneity of the endothelium in different organs and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perez-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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8
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Chen PC, Chang YC, Tsai KL, Shen CH, Lee SD. Vitexin Suppresses High-Glucose-upregulated Adhesion Molecule Expression in Endothelial Cells through Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32727-32734. [PMID: 39100339 PMCID: PMC11292651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Vascular damage is one of the significant complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Central to this damage is endothelial damage, especially under high-glucose conditions, which promotes inflammation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflammatory processes in endothelial cells directly contribute to endothelial dysfunction, such as promoting inflammatory cytokine release and activation of adhesion molecules. Vitexin, a compound found in many medicinal plants, shows promise in countering oxidative stress in diabetic contexts and modulating blood glucose. However, its effect on high-glucose-induced endothelial cell activation has not yet been studied. This research explores vitexin's potential role in this process, focusing on its influence on the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with 30 mM glucose (high glucose, HG) with or without vitexin treatment for 24 h. Western blotting assay was conducted for the NF-κB pathway and p-p38. Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MCP-1) were studied using flow cytometry, while pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using ELISA. Monocyte adhesion and vascular permeability tests were conducted to confirm the protective effect of vitexin under HG exposure. This study confirms vitexin's capacity to suppress p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation under HG conditions, reducing HG-elevated adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Additionally, vitexin mitigates HG-stimulated vascular permeability and monocyte adhesion. In conclusion, this study shows the therapeutic potential of vitexin against hyperglycemia-related vascular complications via p38 MAPK/NF-κB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pie-Che Chen
- Department
of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation
Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan
- Chung
Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Science
and Management, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- School
of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou
University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department
of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute
of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Huang Shen
- Department
of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation
Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng
University, Min Hsiung, Chia-Yi 60002Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department
of Physical Therapy, PhD program in Healthcare Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan
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9
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Snyder Y, Jana S. Innovative Substrate Design with Basement Membrane Components for Enhanced Endothelial Cell Function and Endothelization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401150. [PMID: 39021293 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing endothelial cell growth on small-diameter vascular grafts produced from decellularized tissues or synthetic substrates is pivotal for preventing thrombosis. While optimized decellularization protocols can preserve the structure and many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the process can still lead to the loss of crucial basement membrane proteins, such as laminin, collagen IV, and perlecan, which are pivotal for endothelial cell adherence and functional growth. This loss can result in poor endothelialization and endothelial cell activation causing thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. To address this, the basement membrane's ECM is emulated on fiber substrates, providing a more physiological environment for endothelial cells. Thus, fibroblasts are cultured on fiber substrates to produce an ECM membrane substrate (EMMS) with basement membrane proteins. The EMMS then underwent antigen removal (AR) treatment to eliminate antigens from the membrane while preserving essential proteins and producing an AR-treated membrane substrate (AMS). Subsequently, human endothelial cells cultured on the AMS exhibited superior proliferation, nitric oxide production, and increased expression of endothelial markers of quiescence/homeostasis, along with autophagy and antithrombotic factors, compared to those on the decellularized aortic tissue. This strategy showed the potential of pre-endowing fiber substrates with a basement membrane to enable better endothelization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Soumen Jana
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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10
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Totoń-Żurańska J, Mikolajczyk TP, Saju B, Guzik TJ. Vascular remodelling in cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, oxidation, and inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:817-850. [PMID: 38920058 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optimal vascular structure and function are essential for maintaining the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Vascular remodelling involves changes in vessel structure, including its size, shape, cellular and molecular composition. These changes result from multiple risk factors and may be compensatory adaptations to sustain blood vessel function. They occur in diverse cardiovascular pathologies, from hypertension to heart failure and atherosclerosis. Dynamic changes in the endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes or other vascular wall cells underlie remodelling. In addition, immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, may infiltrate vessels and initiate inflammatory signalling. They contribute to a dynamic interplay between cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganisation, all critical mechanisms of vascular remodelling. Molecular pathways underlying these processes include growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), reactive oxygen species, and signalling pathways, such as Rho/ROCK, MAPK, and TGF-β/Smad, related to nitric oxide and superoxide biology. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs are crucial epigenetic regulators of gene expression in vascular remodelling. We evaluate these pathways for potential therapeutic targeting from a clinical translational perspective. In summary, vascular remodelling, a coordinated modification of vascular structure and function, is crucial in cardiovascular disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Blessy Saju
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
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11
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YUSTINASARI LR, HYOTO M, IMAI H, KUSAKABE KT. Appearance of small extracellular vesicles in the mouse pregnant serum and the localization in placentas. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:787-795. [PMID: 38749740 PMCID: PMC11251818 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are present in the blood of pregnant mice and considered to be involved in pregnancy physiology. Although sEVs in pregnant periods are proposed to be derived from placentas, sEVs-producing cells are not well known in mouse placentas. We studied the dynamics and localization of sEVs in pregnant serum and placentas, and examined gestational variation of microRNA (miRNA). Serums and placentas were collected from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant mice throughout the entire gestational day (Gd). EVs were purified from serums and total RNA was isolated from EVs. Nanoparticle-tracking assay (NTA) revealed that the rates of sEVs in EVs are 53% at NP, and increased to 80.1% at Gd 14.5 and 97.5% at Gd 18.5. Western blotting on EVs showed positive reactivity to the tetraspanin markers and clarified that the results using anti-CD63 antibody were most consistent with the sEVs appearance detected by NTA. Serum EVs also showed a positive reaction to the syncytiotrophoblast marker, syncytin-1. Immunohistostaining using anti-CD63 antibody showed positive reactions in mouse placentas at the syncytiotrophoblasts and endothelial cells of the fetal capillaries. Quantitative PCR revealed that significantly higher amounts of miRNAs were included in the sEVs of Gd 18.5. Our results suggested that sEVs are produced in the mouse placenta and transferred to maternal or fetal bloodstreams. sEVs are expected to have a miRNA-mediated physiological effect and become useful biomarkers reflecting the pregnancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita Rakhma YUSTINASARI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muneyoshi HYOTO
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki IMAI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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12
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Zuo X, Ding X, Zhang Y, Kang YJ. Reversal of atherosclerosis by restoration of vascular copper homeostasis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10185. [PMID: 38978540 PMCID: PMC11228934 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has traditionally been considered as a disorder characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and thrombotic materials within the arterial wall. However, it is now understood to be a complex inflammatory disease involving multiple factors. Central to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are the interactions among monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, which play pivotal roles in the initiation, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic lesions. Recent advances in our understanding of atherosclerosis pathogenesis, coupled with results obtained from experimental interventions, lead us to propose the hypothesis that atherosclerosis may be reversible. This paper outlines the evolution of this hypothesis and presents corroborating evidence that supports the potential for atherosclerosis regression through the restoration of vascular copper homeostasis. We posit that these insights may pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at the reversal of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zuo
- Tasly Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Tasly Biopharmaceutical Co., Tianjin, China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- Tasly Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Tasly Biopharmaceutical Co., Tianjin, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Tasly Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Tasly Biopharmaceutical Co., Tianjin, China
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Michaud ME, Mota L, Bakhtiari M, Thomas BE, Tomeo J, Pilcher W, Contreras M, Ferran C, Bhasin SS, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW, Liang P, Bhasin MK. Early Injury Landscape in Vein Harvest by Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics. Circ Res 2024; 135:110-134. [PMID: 38808504 PMCID: PMC11189745 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vein graft failure following cardiovascular bypass surgery results in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. Vein graft injury can occur during autogenous vein harvest and preparation, as well as after implantation into the arterial system, leading to the development of intimal hyperplasia, vein graft stenosis, and, ultimately, bypass graft failure. Although previous studies have identified maladaptive pathways that occur shortly after implantation, the specific signaling pathways that occur during vein graft preparation are not well defined and may result in a cumulative impact on vein graft failure. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the response of the vein conduit wall during harvest and following implantation, probing the key maladaptive pathways driving graft failure with the overarching goal of identifying therapeutic targets for biologic intervention to minimize these natural responses to surgical vein graft injury. METHODS Employing a novel approach to investigating vascular pathologies, we harnessed both single-nuclei RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics analyses to profile the genomic effects of vein grafts after harvest and distension, then compared these findings to vein grafts obtained 24 hours after carotid-carotid vein bypass implantation in a canine model (n=4). RESULTS Spatial transcriptomic analysis of canine cephalic vein after initial conduit harvest and distention revealed significant enrichment of pathways (P<0.05) involved in the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells, namely pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and migration and platelet activation across the intimal and medial layers, cytokine signaling within the adventitial layer, and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling throughout the vein wall. Subsequent single-nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis supported these findings and further unveiled distinct EC and fibroblast subpopulations with significant upregulation (P<0.05) of markers related to endothelial injury response and cellular activation of ECs, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Similarly, in vein grafts obtained 24 hours after arterial bypass, there was an increase in myeloid cell, protomyofibroblast, injury response EC, and mesenchymal-transitioning EC subpopulations with a concomitant decrease in homeostatic ECs and fibroblasts. Among these markers were genes previously implicated in vein graft injury, including VCAN, FBN1, and VEGFC, in addition to novel genes of interest, such as GLIS3 and EPHA3. These genes were further noted to be driving the expression of genes implicated in vascular remodeling and graft failure, such as IL-6, TGFBR1, SMAD4, and ADAMTS9. By integrating the spatial transcriptomics and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data sets, we highlighted the spatial architecture of the vein graft following distension, wherein activated and mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts were notably enriched in the intima and media of distended veins. Finally, intercellular communication network analysis unveiled the critical roles of activated ECs, mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, protomyofibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells in upregulating signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation (MDK [midkine], PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor], VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]), transdifferentiation (Notch), migration (ephrin, semaphorin), ECM remodeling (collagen, laminin, fibronectin), and inflammation (thrombospondin), following distension. CONCLUSIONS Vein conduit harvest and distension elicit a prompt genomic response facilitated by distinct cellular subpopulations heterogeneously distributed throughout the vein wall. This response was found to be further exacerbated following vein graft implantation, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive gene regulatory networks. Together, these results suggest that distension initiates the upregulation of pathological pathways that may ultimately contribute to bypass graft failure and presents potential early targets warranting investigation for targeted therapies. This work highlights the first applications of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate venous pathologies, underscoring the utility of these methodologies and providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - Lucas Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - John Tomeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William Pilcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.P., M.K.B.)
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Division of Nephrology (C.F.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Swati S. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (S.S.B., M.K.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.P., M.K.B.)
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Mandrycky C, Ishida T, Rayner SG, Heck AM, Hadland B, Zheng Y. Under pressure: integrated endothelial cell response to hydrostatic and shear stresses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596749. [PMID: 38854073 PMCID: PMC11160699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Blood flow within the vasculature is a critical determinant of endothelial cell (EC) identity and functionality, yet the intricate interplay of various hemodynamic forces and their collective impact on endothelial and vascular responses are not fully understood. Specifically, the role of hydrostatic pressure in the EC flow response is understudied, despite its known significance in vascular development and disease. To address this gap, we developed in vitro models to investigate how pressure influences EC responses to flow. Our study demonstrates that elevated pressure conditions significantly modify shear-induced flow alignment and increase endothelial cell density. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that, while shear stress remains the primary driver of flow-induced transcriptional changes, pressure modulates shear-induced signaling in a dose-dependent manner. These pressure-responsive transcriptional signatures identified in human ECs were conserved during the onset of circulation in early mouse embryonic vascular development, where pressure was notably associated with transcriptional programs essential to arterial and hemogenic EC fates. Our findings suggest that pressure plays a synergistic role with shear stress on ECs and emphasizes the need for an integrative approach to endothelial cell mechanotransduction, one that encompasses the effects induced by pressure alongside other hemodynamic forces.
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15
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Desroches-Castan A, Koca D, Liu H, Roelants C, Resmini L, Ricard N, Bouvard C, Chaumontel N, Tharaux PL, Tillet E, Battail C, Lenoir O, Bailly S. BMP9 is a key player in endothelial identity and its loss is sufficient to induce arteriovenous malformations. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:782-795. [PMID: 38502919 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS BMP9 is a high affinity ligand of ALK1 and endoglin receptors that are mutated in the rare genetic vascular disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). We have previously shown that loss of Bmp9 in the 129/Ola genetic background leads to spontaneous liver fibrosis via capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and kidney lesions. We aimed to decipher the molecular mechanisms downstream of BMP9 to better characterize its role in vascular homeostasis in different organs. METHODS AND RESULTS For this, we performed an RNA-seq analysis on LSEC from adult WT and Bmp9-KO mice and identified over 2000 differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology analysis showed that Bmp9 deletion led to a decrease in BMP and Notch signalling, but also LSEC capillary identity while increasing their cell cycle. The gene ontology term 'glomerulus development' was also negatively enriched in Bmp9-KO mice vs. WT supporting a role for BMP9 in kidney vascularization. Through different imaging approaches (electron microscopy, immunostainings), we found that loss of Bmp9 led to vascular enlargement of the glomeruli capillaries associated with alteration of podocytes. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that the loss of Bmp9 led to spontaneous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and uterus. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results demonstrate that BMP9 plays an important role in vascular quiescence both locally in the liver by regulating endothelial capillary differentiation markers and cell cycle but also at distance in many organs via its presence in the circulation. It also reveals that loss of Bmp9 is sufficient to induce spontaneous AVMs, supporting a key role for BMP9 in the pathogenesis of HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Desroches-Castan
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dzenis Koca
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Hequn Liu
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Roelants
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Léa Resmini
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Chaumontel
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sabine Bailly
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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Páramo JA, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Roncal C. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis: Current and forthcoming impact? CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024:S0214-9168(24)00037-8. [PMID: 38714381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathogenic substrate for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Initially categorized as a passive cholesterol storage disease, nowadays, it is considered an active process, identifying inflammation among the key players for its initiation and progression. Despite these advances, patients with CVDs are still at high risk of thrombotic events and death, urging to deepen into the molecular mechanisms underlying atherogenesis, and to identify novel diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for their stratification. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been postulated as an alternative in search of novel biomarkers in atherosclerotic diseases, as well as to investigate the crosstalk between the cells participating in the processes leading to arterial remodelling. EVs are nanosized lipidic particles released by most cell types in physiological and pathological conditions, that enclose lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from parental cells reflecting their activation status. First considered cellular waste disposal systems, at present, EVs have been recognized as active effectors in a myriad of cellular processes, and as potential diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers also in CVDs. This review summarizes the role of EVs as potential biomarkers of CVDs, and their involvement into the processes leading to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Páramo
- Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu M, Xia Y. Metabolic reprogramming and interventions in angiogenesis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00178-4. [PMID: 38704087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we aim to discuss the metabolic regulation of angiogenesis by EC metabolites and metabolic enzymes, as well as prospect the possible therapeutic opportunities and strategies targeting EC metabolism. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this work, we discuss various aspects of EC metabolism considering normal and diseased vasculature. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of EC metabolism-targeted intervention (chiefly by metabolic enzymes or metabolites) could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of pathological angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zifang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Marder M, Remmert C, Perschel JA, Otgonbayar M, von Toerne C, Hauck S, Bushe J, Feuchtinger A, Sheikh B, Moussus M, Meier M. Stem cell-derived vessels-on-chip for cardiovascular disease modeling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114008. [PMID: 38536819 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is accompanied by vascular complications. Human in vitro disease models are hence required to better understand vascular dysfunctions and guide clinical therapies. Here, we engineered an open microfluidic vessel-on-chip platform that integrates human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (SC-ECs). The open microfluidic design enables seamless integration with state-of-the-art analytical technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics by mass spectrometry, and high-resolution imaging. Beyond previous systems, we report SC-EC maturation by means of barrier formation, arterial toning, and high nitric oxide synthesis levels under gravity-driven flow. Functionally, we corroborate the hallmarks of early-onset atherosclerosis with low sample volumes and cell numbers under flow conditions by determining proteome and secretome changes in SC-ECs stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and free fatty acids. More broadly, our organ-on-chip platform enables the modeling of patient-specific human endothelial tissue and has the potential to become a general tool for animal-free vascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Marder
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Remmert
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius A Perschel
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Bushe
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bilal Sheikh
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michel Moussus
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Körbelin J, Arrulo A, Schwaninger M. Gene therapy targeting the blood-brain barrier. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:191-217. [PMID: 39029973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the building blocks of vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) and form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An intact BBB limits permeation of large hydrophilic molecules into the CNS. Thus, the healthy BBB is a major obstacle for the treatment of CNS disorders with antibodies, recombinant proteins or viral vectors. Several strategies have been devised to overcome the barrier. A key principle often consists in attaching the therapeutic compound to a ligand of receptors expressed on the BBB, for example, the transferrin receptor (TfR). The fusion molecule will bind to TfR on the luminal side of brain endothelial cells, pass the endothelial layer by transcytosis and be delivered to the brain parenchyma. However, attempts to endow therapeutic compounds with the ability to cross the BBB can be difficult to implement. An alternative and possibly more straight-forward approach is to produce therapeutic proteins in the endothelial cells that form the barrier. These cells are accessible from blood circulation and have a large interface with the brain parenchyma. They may be an ideal production site for therapeutic protein and afford direct supply to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Arrulo
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany.
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20
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Huang Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Xie M, Wang F, Qin J, Ye H, Zhang H, Zhang C, Hong J. A Nucleic Acid-Based LYTAC Plus Platform to Simultaneously Mediate Disease-Driven Protein Downregulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306248. [PMID: 38251411 PMCID: PMC10987141 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein degradation techniques, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs), have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy of current protein degradation methods still needs to be improved to address the complex mechanisms underlying diseases. Herein, a LYTAC Plus hydrogel engineered is proposed by nucleic acid self-assembly, which integrates a gene silencing motif into a LYTAC construct to enhance its therapeutic potential. As a proof-of-concept study, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-binding peptides and mannose-6 phosphate (M6P) moieties into a self-assembled nucleic acid hydrogel are introduced, enabling its LYTAC capability. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) is then employed that target the angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) gene as cross-linkers for hydrogel formation, giving the final LYTAC Plus hydrogel gene silencing ability. With dual functionalities, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel demonstrated effectiveness in simultaneously reducing the levels of VEGFR-2 and ANG-2 both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in improving therapeutic outcomes in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a mouse model. As a general material platform, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel may possess great potential for the treatment of various diseases and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Yirou Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Miao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Fujun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Jingcan Qin
- Department of RadiologyChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Han Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmologythe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic ImmunologyShanghai200032China
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Li X, Zou J, He Z, Sun Y, Song X, He W. The interaction between particles and vascular endothelium in blood flow. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115216. [PMID: 38387770 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Particle-based drug delivery systems have shown promising application potential to treat human diseases; however, an incomplete understanding of their interactions with vascular endothelium in blood flow prevents their inclusion into mainstream clinical applications. The flow performance of nano/micro-sized particles in the blood are disturbed by many external/internal factors, including blood constituents, particle properties, and endothelium bioactivities, affecting the fate of particles in vivo and therapeutic effects for diseases. This review highlights how the blood constituents, hemodynamic environment and particle properties influence the interactions and particle activities in vivo. Moreover, we briefly summarized the structure and functions of endothelium and simulated devices for studying particle performance under blood flow conditions. Finally, based on particle-endothelium interactions, we propose future opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies and provide solutions to challenges in particle delivery systems for accelerating their clinical translation. This review helps provoke an increasing in-depth understanding of particle-endothelium interactions and inspires more strategies that may benefit the development of particle medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Zhongshan He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, PR China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microparticles Drug Delivery Technology, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., LtD., Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China.
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22
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Anand SK, Governale TA, Zhang X, Razani B, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Rom O. Amino Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:510-524. [PMID: 38171450 PMCID: PMC10988767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical treatments and drug development, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a well-established driver of ASCVD. Unfortunately, even with potent lipid-lowering therapies, ASCVD-related deaths have continued to increase over the past decade, highlighting an incomplete understanding of the underlying risk factors and mechanisms of ASCVD. Accumulating evidence over the past decades indicates a correlation between amino acids and disease state. This review explores the emerging role of amino acid metabolism in ASCVD, uncovering novel potential biomarkers, causative factors, and therapeutic targets. Specifically, the significance of arginine and its related metabolites, homoarginine and polyamines, branched-chain amino acids, glycine, and aromatic amino acids, in ASCVD are discussed. These amino acids and their metabolites have been implicated in various processes characteristic of ASCVD, including impaired lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammatory response, and necrotic core development. Understanding the complex interplay between dysregulated amino acid metabolism and ASCVD provides new insights that may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although further research is needed to uncover the precise mechanisms involved, it is evident that amino acid metabolism plays a role in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Theresea-Anne Governale
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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23
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Grynblat J, Bogaard HJ, Eyries M, Meyrignac O, Savale L, Jaïs X, Ghigna MR, Celant L, Meijboom L, Houweling AC, Levy M, Antigny F, Chaouat A, Cottin V, Guignabert C, Coulet F, Sitbon O, Bonnet D, Humbert M, Montani D. Pulmonary vascular phenotype identified in patients with GDF2 ( BMP9) or BMP10 variants: an international multicentre study. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301634. [PMID: 38514094 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01634-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10 (BMP9 and BMP10), encoded by GDF2 and BMP10, respectively, play a pivotal role in pulmonary vascular regulation. GDF2 variants have been reported in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). However, the phenotype of GDF2 and BMP10 carriers remains largely unexplored. METHODS We report the characteristics and outcomes of PAH patients in GDF2 and BMP10 carriers from the French and Dutch pulmonary hypertension registries. A literature review explored the phenotypic spectrum of these patients. RESULTS 26 PAH patients were identified: 20 harbouring heterozygous GDF2 variants, one homozygous GDF2 variant, four heterozygous BMP10 variants, and one with both GDF2 and BMP10 variants. The prevalence of GDF2 and BMP10 variants was 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. Median age at PAH diagnosis was 30 years, with a female/male ratio of 1.9. Congenital heart disease (CHD) was present in 15.4% of the patients. At diagnosis, most of the patients (61.5%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV with severe haemodynamic compromise (median (range) pulmonary vascular resistance 9.0 (3.3-40.6) WU). Haemoptysis was reported in four patients; none met the HHT criteria. Two patients carrying BMP10 variants underwent lung transplantation, revealing typical PAH histopathology. The literature analysis showed that 7.6% of GDF2 carriers developed isolated HHT, and identified cardiomyopathy and developmental disorders in BMP10 carriers. CONCLUSIONS GDF2 and BMP10 pathogenic variants are rare among PAH patients, and occasionally associated with CHD. HHT cases among GDF2 carriers are limited according to the literature. BMP10 full phenotypic ramifications warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Grynblat
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris Cité, Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meyrignac
- Service de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle Adulte, Biomaps - Laboratoire d'Imagerie Multimodale - CEA-INSERM-CNRS, Hôpital de Bicêtre, DMU 14 Smart Imaging, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Pathology, International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucas Celant
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Meijboom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marilyne Levy
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris Cité, Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | | | - Ari Chaouat
- Département de Pneumologie, Université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, ERN-LUNG, UMR 754, INRAE, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Florence Coulet
- Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris Cité, Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Marie Lannelongue Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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24
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Hall IF, Kishta F, Xu Y, Baker AH, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition: at the axis of cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:223-236. [PMID: 38385523 PMCID: PMC10939465 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels and play a major role in vascular (patho)-physiology by acting as a barrier, sensing circulating factors and intrinsic/extrinsic signals. ECs have the capacity to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a complex differentiation process with key roles both during embryonic development and in adulthood. EndMT can contribute to EC activation and dysfunctional alterations associated with maladaptive tissue responses in human disease. During EndMT, ECs progressively undergo changes leading to expression of mesenchymal markers while repressing EC lineage-specific traits. This phenotypic and functional switch is considered to largely exist in a continuum, being characterized by a gradation of transitioning stages. In this report, we discuss process plasticity and potential reversibility and the hypothesis that different EndMT-derived cell populations may play a different role in disease progression or resolution. In addition, we review advancements in the EndMT field, current technical challenges, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities in the context of cardiovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School and University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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25
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Li Y, Ni SH, Liu X, Sun SN, Ling GC, Deng JP, Ou-Yang XL, Huang YS, Li H, Chen ZX, Huang XF, Xian SX, Yang ZQ, Wang LJ, Wu HY, Lu L. Crosstalk between endothelial cells with a non-canonical EndoMT phenotype and cardiomyocytes/fibroblasts via IGFBP5 aggravates TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176378. [PMID: 38309679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex chronic condition characterized by structural and functional impairments. The differentiation of endothelial cells into myofibroblasts (EndoMT) in response to cardiac fibrosis is controversial, and the relative contribution of endothelial plasticity remains to be explored. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to identify endothelial cells undergoing fibrotic differentiation within 2 weeks of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). This subset of endothelial cells transiently expressed fibrotic genes but had low expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, indicating a non-canonical EndoMT, which we named a transient fibrotic-like phenotype (EndoFP). The role of EndoFP in pathological cardiac remodeling may be correlated with increased levels of osteopontin. Cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts co-cultured with EndoFP exhibited heightened pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic effects. Mechanistically, we found that the upregulated expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 may be a key mediator of EndoFP-induced cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, our findings suggested that Rab5a is a novel regulatory gene involved in the EndoFP process. Our study suggests that the specific endothelial subset identified in TAC-induced pressure overload plays a critical role in the cellular interactions that lead to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Additionally, our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying EndoFP, making it a potential therapeutic target for early heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Shi-Hao Ni
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Ning Sun
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Gui-Chen Ling
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jian-Ping Deng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Ou-Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Huan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Zi-Xin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Shao-Xiang Xian
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Ling-Jun Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China.
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26
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Michaud ME, Mota L, Bakhtiari M, Thomas BE, Tomeo J, Pilcher W, Contreras M, Ferran C, Bhasin S, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW, Liang P, Bhasin MK. Integrated single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals propagation of early acute vein harvest and distension injury signaling pathways following arterial implantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.564995. [PMID: 37961724 PMCID: PMC10635041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Vein graft failure (VGF) following cardiovascular bypass surgery results in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. Vein graft injury can occur during autogenous vein harvest and preparation, as well as after implantation into the arterial system, leading to the development of intimal hyperplasia, vein graft stenosis, and, ultimately, bypass graft failure. While previous studies have identified maladaptive pathways that occur shortly after implantation, the specific signaling pathways that occur during vein graft preparation are not well defined and may result in a cumulative impact on VGF. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the response of the vein conduit wall during harvest and following implantation, probing the key maladaptive pathways driving graft failure with the overarching goal of identifying therapeutic targets for biologic intervention to minimize these natural responses to surgical vein graft injury. Methods Employing a novel approach to investigating vascular pathologies, we harnessed both single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) analyses to profile the genomic effects of vein grafts after harvest and distension, then compared these findings to vein grafts obtained 24 hours after carotid-cartoid vein bypass implantation in a canine model (n=4). Results Spatial transcriptomic analysis of canine cephalic vein after initial conduit harvest and distention revealed significant enrichment of pathways (P < 0.05) involved in the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts (FBs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), namely pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and migration and platelet activation across the intimal and medial layers, cytokine signaling within the adventitial layer, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling throughout the vein wall. Subsequent snRNA-seq analysis supported these findings and further unveiled distinct EC and FB subpopulations with significant upregulation (P < 0.00001) of markers related to endothelial injury response and cellular activation of ECs, FBs, and VSMCs. Similarly, in vein grafts obtained 24 hours after arterial bypass, there was an increase in myeloid cell, protomyofibroblast, injury-response EC, and mesenchymal-transitioning EC subpopulations with a concomitant decrease in homeostatic ECs and fibroblasts. Among these markers were genes previously implicated in vein graft injury, including VCAN (versican), FBN1 (fibrillin-1), and VEGFC (vascular endothelial growth factor C), in addition to novel genes of interest such as GLIS3 (GLIS family zinc finger 3) and EPHA3 (ephrin-A3). These genes were further noted to be driving the expression of genes implicated in vascular remodeling and graft failure, such as IL-6, TGFBR1, SMAD4, and ADAMTS9. By integrating the ST and snRNA-seq datasets, we highlighted the spatial architecture of the vein graft following distension, wherein activated and mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, myeloid cells, and FBs were notably enriched in the intima and media of distended veins. Lastly, intercellular communication network analysis unveiled the critical roles of activated ECs, mesenchymal transitioning ECs, protomyofibroblasts, and VSMCs in upregulating signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation (MDK, PDGF, VEGF), transdifferentiation (Notch), migration (ephrin, semaphorin), ECM remodeling (collagen, laminin, fibronectin), and inflammation (thrombospondin), following distension. Conclusions Vein conduit harvest and distension elicit a prompt genomic response facilitated by distinct cellular subpopulations heterogeneously distributed throughout the vein wall. This response was found to be further exacerbated following vein graft implantation, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive gene regulatory networks. Together, these results suggest that distension initiates the upregulation of pathological pathways that may ultimately contribute to bypass graft failure and presents potential early targets warranting investigation for targeted therapies. This work highlights the first applications of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate venous pathologies, underscoring the utility of these methodologies and providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lucas Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John Tomeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William Pilcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Swati Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Bréchot N, Rutault A, Marangon I, Germain S. Blood endothelium transition and phenotypic plasticity: A key regulator of integrity/permeability in response to ischemia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:16-22. [PMID: 37479554 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In the human body, the 1013 blood endothelial cells (ECs) which cover a surface of 500-700 m2 (Mai et al., 2013) are key players of tissue homeostasis, remodeling and regeneration. Blood vessel ECs play a major role in the regulation of metabolic and gaz exchanges, cell trafficking, blood coagulation, vascular tone, blood flow and fluid extravasation (also referred to as blood vascular permeability). ECs are heterogeneous in various capillary beds and have the exquisite capacity to cope with environmental changes by regulating their gene expression. Ischemia has major detrimental effects on the endothelium and ischemia-induced regulation of vascular integrity is of paramount importance for human health, as small amounts of fluid accumulation in the interstitium may be responsible for major effects on organ functions and patients outcome. In this review, we will here focus on the stimuli and the molecular mechanisms that control blood endothelium maintenance and phenotypic plasticity/transition involved in controlling blood capillary leakage that might open new avenues for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bréchot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université PSL, Paris, France; Intensive Care Medicine Department, Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, AP-HP.CUP, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Alexandre Rutault
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Iris Marangon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Al Tabosh T, Al Tarrass M, Tourvieilhe L, Guilhem A, Dupuis-Girod S, Bailly S. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: from signaling insights to therapeutic advances. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176379. [PMID: 38357927 PMCID: PMC10866657 DOI: 10.1172/jci176379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectsia (HHT) is an inherited vascular disorder with highly variable expressivity, affecting up to 1 in 5,000 individuals. This disease is characterized by small arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in mucocutaneous areas (telangiectases) and larger visceral AVMs in the lungs, liver, and brain. HHT is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the BMP9-10/ENG/ALK1/SMAD4 signaling pathway. This Review presents up-to-date insights on this mutated signaling pathway and its crosstalk with proangiogenic pathways, in particular the VEGF pathway, that has allowed the repurposing of new drugs for HHT treatment. However, despite the substantial benefits of these new treatments in terms of alleviating symptom severity, this not-so-uncommon bleeding disorder still currently lacks any FDA- or European Medicines Agency-approved (EMA-approved) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Al Tabosh
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammad Al Tarrass
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Tourvieilhe
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, National HHT Reference Center and Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Alexandre Guilhem
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, National HHT Reference Center and Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Bron, France
- TAI-IT Autoimmunité Unit RIGHT-UMR1098, Burgundy University, INSERM, EFS-BFC, Besancon, France
| | - Sophie Dupuis-Girod
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, National HHT Reference Center and Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
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Wang H, Dou L. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals hub genes of myocardial infarction-associated endothelial cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38267885 PMCID: PMC10809747 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human health. Dysangiogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs) primarily inhibits recovery from MI, but the specific mechanism remains to be further elucidated. METHODS In this study, the single-cell RNA-sequencing data from both MI and Sham mice were analyzed by the Seurat Package (3.2.2). The number of ECs in MI and Sham groups were compared by PCA and tSNE algorithm. FindMarkers function of Seurat was used to analyze the DEGs between the MI and Sham groups. Then, the ECs was further clustered into 8 sub-clusters for trajectory analysis. The BEAM was used to analyze the branch point 3 and cluster the results. In addition, the DEGs in the microarray data set of MI and Sham mice were cross-linked, and the cross-linked genes were used to construct PPI networks. The key genes with the highest degree were identified and analyzed for functional enrichment. Finally, this study cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), established hypoxia models, and interfered with hub gene expression in cells. The impact of hub genes on the migration and tube formation of hypoxic-induced HUVECs were verified by Wound healing assays and tubule formation experiments. RESULTS The number and proportion of ECs in the MI group were significantly lower than those in the Sham group. Meantime, 225 DEGs were found in ECs between the MI and Sham groups. Through trajectory analysis, EC4 was found to play an important role in MI. Then, by using BEAM to analyze the branch point 3, and clustering the results, a total of 495 genes were found to be highly expressed in cell Fate2 (mainly EC4). In addition, a total of 194 DEGs were identified in Micro array dataset containing both MI and Sham mice. The hub genes (Timp1 and Fn1) with the highest degree were identified. Inhibiting Timp1 and Fn1 expression promoted the migration and tube formation of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlighted the non-linear dynamics of ECs in MI, and provided a foothold for analyzing cardiac homeostasis and pro-angiogenesis in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, No.409 Gudun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Dou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China.
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Boucetta H, Zhang L, Sosnik A, He W. Pulmonary arterial hypertension nanotherapeutics: New pharmacological targets and drug delivery strategies. J Control Release 2024; 365:236-258. [PMID: 37972767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, serious, and incurable disease characterized by high lung pressure. PAH-approved drugs based on conventional pathways are still not exhibiting favorable therapeutic outcomes. Drawbacks like short half-lives, toxicity, and teratogenicity hamper effectiveness, clinical conventionality, and long-term safety. Hence, approaches like repurposing drugs targeting various and new pharmacological cascades and/or loaded in non-toxic/efficient nanocarrier systems are being investigated lately. This review summarizes the status of conventional, repurposed, either in vitro, in vivo, and/or in clinical trials of PAH treatment. In-depth description, discussion, and classification of the new pharmacological targets and nanomedicine strategies with a description of all the nanocarriers that showed promising efficiency in delivering drugs are discussed. Ultimately, an illustration of the different nucleic acids tailored and nanoencapsulated within different types of nanocarriers to restore the pathways affected by this disease is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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Abou Khouzam R, Janji B, Thiery J, Zaarour RF, Chamseddine AN, Mayr H, Savagner P, Kieda C, Gad S, Buart S, Lehn JM, Limani P, Chouaib S. Hypoxia as a potential inducer of immune tolerance, tumor plasticity and a driver of tumor mutational burden: Impact on cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:104-123. [PMID: 38029865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, immune cells are often functionally compromised due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which contribute to the failures in cancer therapies. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that developing tumors adapt to the immunological environment and create a local microenvironment that impairs immune function by inducing immune tolerance and invasion. In this context, microenvironmental hypoxia, which is an established hallmark of solid tumors, significantly contributes to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance through the induction of tumor plasticity/heterogeneity and, more importantly, through the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells. We and others have provided evidence indicating that hypoxia also drives genomic instability in cancer cells and interferes with DNA damage response and repair suggesting that hypoxia could be a potential driver of tumor mutational burden. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on how hypoxic stress in the TME impacts tumor angiogenesis, heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune resistance, with a special interest in tumor immunogenicity and hypoxia targeting. An integrated understanding of the complexity of the effect of hypoxia on the immune and microenvironmental components could lead to the identification of better adapted and more effective combinational strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Clearly, the discovery and validation of therapeutic targets derived from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of major importance and the identification of critical hypoxia-associated pathways could generate targets that are undeniably attractive for combined cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, 6A, rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg city, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ali N Chamseddine
- Gastroenterology Department, Cochin University Hospital, Université de Paris, APHP, Paris, France; Ambroise Paré - Hartmann Private Hospital Group, Oncology Unit, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Hemma Mayr
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sophie Gad
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres University (PSL), 75014 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Perparim Limani
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Nguyen TD, Rao MK, Dhyani SP, Banks JM, Winek MA, Michalkiewicz J, Lee MY. Nucleoporin93 (Nup93) Limits Yap Activity to Prevent Endothelial Cell Senescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566598. [PMID: 38014013 PMCID: PMC10680655 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost lining of the vasculature and serve a pivotal role in preventing age-related vascular disease. Endothelial health relies on the proper nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of transcription factors via nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Emerging studies report NPC degradation with natural aging, suggesting impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport in age-related EC dysfunction. We herein identify nucleoporin93 (Nup93), a crucial structural NPC protein, as an indispensable player for vascular protection. Endothelial Nup93 protein levels are significantly reduced in the vasculature of aged mice, paralleling observations of Nup93 loss when using in vitro models of endothelial aging. Mechanistically, we find that loss of Nup93 impairs NPC transport, leading to the nuclear accumulation of Yap and downstream inflammation. Collectively, our findings indicate maintenance of endothelial Nup93 as a key determinant of EC health, where aging targets endothelial Nup93 levels to impair NPC function as a novel mechanism for EC senescence and vascular aging.
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He Z, Greven J, Shi Y, Qin K, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Buhl EM, Eschweiler J, Hildebrand F, Balmayor ER. Extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells modulate macrophage phenotype in vitro. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:506. [PMID: 37946271 PMCID: PMC10634087 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication by horizontally transferring biological materials from host cells to target cells. During exposure to pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, LPS) get in contact with endothelial cells and stimulate the secretion of endothelial cell-derived EVs (E-EVs). The triggered EVs secretion is known to have a modulating influence on the EVs-receiving cells. Macrophages, a major component of innate immunity, are polarized upon receiving external inflammatory stimuli, in which toll-like receptor4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway plays a key role. However, the functions of LPS-induced E-EVs (ELPS-EVs) in modulating macrophage phenotype and activation remain elusive. We collected the EVs from quiescent endothelial cells (ENor-EVs) and ELPS-EVs to detect their stimulatory role on NR8383 macrophages. Isolated EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot assay, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). NR8383 macrophages were stimulated with ELPS-EVs, ENor-EVs, or PBS for 24 h. Hereafter, the uptake of EVs by the macrophages was investigated. Upon EVs stimulation, cellular viability was determined by MTT assay, while macrophage phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. Furthermore, a western blot assay was conducted to evaluate the potentially involved TLR4-NFκB pathway. Interestingly, upon exposure to LPS, endothelial cells secreted significantly higher amounts of EVs (i.e., ELPS-EVs) when compared to quiescent cells or cells in PBS. The ELPS-EVs were also better internalized by NR8383 macrophages than ENor-EVs. The cellular viability of ELPS-EVs-treated macrophages was 1.2 times higher than those in the ENor-EVs and PBS groups. In addition, ELPS-EVs modulated NR8383 macrophages towards a proinflammatory macrophage M1-like phenotype. This was indicated by the significantly upregulated expressions of proinflammatory macrophage biomarkers CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) observed in ELPS-EVs-treated macrophages. The TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway was substantially activated in ELPS-EVs-treated macrophages, indicated by the elevated expressions of makers TLR4 and phosphorylated form of nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit (p-NFκBp65). Overall, our results indicate that E-EVs play a crucial role in macrophage phenotype modulation under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen He
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Gacche RN. Changing landscape of anti-angiogenic therapy: Novel approaches and clinical perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189020. [PMID: 37951481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis has remained one of the important aspects in disease biology in general and cancer in particular. Currently (June 2023), over 593 clinical trials have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov having inference of term 'angiogenesis'. A panel of 14 anti-angiogenic drugs have been approved by FDA for the treatment of variety of cancers and other human ailments. Although the anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) has gained significant clinical attention as a promising approach in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer, however, sizable literature has accumulated in the recent past describing the aggressive nature of tumours after the drug holidays, evolving drug resistance and off-target toxicities. Nevertheless, the emergence of inscrutable compensatory or alternative angiogenic mechanisms is limiting the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs and focussing the therapeutic regime as a puzzle of 'Lernaean hydra'. This review offers an overview of recent updates on the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy and the current clinical performance of aaRTK inhibitors. Additionally, it also explores the changing application landscape of AAT, focusing on its role in diabetic nephropathy, age-related macular degeneration and other neovascular ocular disorders. Combination therapy with antiangiogenic drugs and immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic index of cancer immunotherapy. While clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of this approach, they also highlight the complex and sometimes unpredictable adverse events associated with it. Normalizing tumour vasculature has been identified as a key factor in unlocking the full potential of ICIs, thereby providing hope for improved treatment outcomes. The future prospects and challenges of AAT have been described with special reference to integration of technological advances for enhancing its efficacy and applications beyond its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MS, India.
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Rosowski S, Remmert C, Marder M, Akishiba M, Bushe J, Feuchtinger A, Platen A, Ussar S, Theis F, Wiedenmann S, Meier M. Single-cell characterization of neovascularization using hiPSC-derived endothelial cells in a 3D microenvironment. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1972-1986. [PMID: 37714147 PMCID: PMC10656300 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of vascular structures is fundamental for in vitro tissue engineering. Vascularization can enable the nutrient supply within larger structures and increase transplantation efficiency. We differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells toward endothelial cells in 3D suspension culture. To investigate in vitro neovascularization and various 3D microenvironmental approaches, we designed a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic study. Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics of the endothelial and co-evolving mural cells gave insights into cell type development, stability, and plasticity. Transfer to a 3D hydrogel microenvironment induced neovascularization and facilitated tracing of migrating, coalescing, and tubulogenic endothelial cell states. During maturation, we monitored two pericyte subtypes evolving mural cells. Profiling cell-cell interactions between pericytes and endothelial cells revealed angiogenic signals during tubulogenesis. In silico discovered ligands were tested for their capability to attract endothelial cells. Our data, analyses, and results provide an in vitro roadmap to guide vascularization in future tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rosowski
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Remmert
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maren Marder
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Misao Akishiba
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Bushe
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alina Platen
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sandra Wiedenmann
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; University Leipzig, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany.
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36
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Cornelius VA, Eleftheriadou M, Potel KN, Setyaningsih WAW, Margariti A. Vascular organoids: unveiling advantages, applications, challenges, and disease modelling strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:292. [PMID: 37817281 PMCID: PMC10566155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms and manifestations of cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes, on vascular cells such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, remains elusive partly due to the lack of appropriate disease models. Therefore, here we explore different aspects for the development of advanced 3D in vitro disease models that recapitulate human blood vessel complications using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, which retain the epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic memory of their patient-of-origin. In this review, we highlight the superiority of 3D blood vessel organoids over conventional 2D cell culture systems for vascular research. We outline the key benefits of vascular organoids in both health and disease contexts and discuss the current challenges associated with organoid technology, providing potential solutions. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse applications of vascular organoids and emphasize the importance of incorporating all relevant cellular components in a 3D model to accurately recapitulate vascular pathophysiology. As a specific example, we present a comprehensive overview of diabetic vasculopathy, demonstrating how the interplay of different vascular cell types is critical for the successful modelling of complex disease processes in vitro. Finally, we propose a strategy for creating an organ-specific diabetic vasculopathy model, serving as a valuable template for modelling other types of vascular complications in cardiovascular diseases by incorporating disease-specific stressors and organotypic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Victoria A Cornelius
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Koray Niels Potel
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Andriana Margariti
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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37
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Sigdel I, Ofori-Kwafo A, Heizelman RJ, Nestor-Kalinoski A, Prabhakarpandian B, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. Biomimetic on-chip assay reveals the anti-metastatic potential of a novel thienopyrimidine compound in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1227119. [PMID: 37840664 PMCID: PMC10569307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study presents a microfluidic tumor microenvironment (TME) model for evaluating the anti-metastatic efficacy of a novel thienopyrimidines analog with anti-cancer properties utilizing an existing commercial platform. The microfluidic device consists of a tissue compartment flanked by vascular channels, allowing for the co-culture of multiple cell types and providing a wide range of culturing conditions in one device. Methods: Human metastatic, drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (SUM159PTX) and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to model the TME. A dynamic perfusion scheme was employed to facilitate EC physiological function and lumen formation. Results: The measured permeability of the EC barrier was comparable to observed microvessels permeability in vivo. The TNBC cells formed a 3D tumor, and co-culture with HUVEC negatively impacted EC barrier integrity. The microfluidic TME was then used to model the intravenous route of drug delivery. Paclitaxel (PTX) and a novel non-apoptotic agent TPH104c were introduced via the vascular channels and successfully reached the TNBC tumor, resulting in both time and concentration-dependent tumor growth inhibition. PTX treatment significantly reduced EC barrier integrity, highlighting the adverse effects of PTX on vascular ECs. TPH104c preserved EC barrier integrity and prevented TNBC intravasation. Discussion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of microfluidics for studying complex biological processes in a controlled environment and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in more physiologically relevant conditions. This model can be a valuable tool for screening potential anticancer drugs and developing personalized cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Sigdel
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Awurama Ofori-Kwafo
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Robert J. Heizelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Yuan Tang
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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38
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Luan J, Ji X, Liu L. PPARγ in Atherosclerotic Endothelial Dysfunction: Regulatory Compounds and PTMs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14494. [PMID: 37833942 PMCID: PMC10572723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is one of the main sources of cardiovascular disease. In addition to known risk factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, endothelial dysfunction has been shown to play a key role in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor belonging to the steroid superfamily, is expressed in the aorta and plays a critical role in protecting endothelial function. It thereby serves as a target for treating both diabetes and atherosclerosis. Although many studies have examined endothelial cell disorders in atherosclerosis, the role of PPARγ in endothelial dysfunction is still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanisms of action behind PPARγ regulatory compounds and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PPARγ in the control of endothelial function. We also explore the potential use of endothelial PPARγ-targeted agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Longhua Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200082, China
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39
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Dinakaran S, Zhao H, Tang Y, Wang Z, Ruiz S, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Blanc L, Faughnan ME, Marambaud P. CDK6-mediated endothelial cell cycle acceleration drives arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.554413. [PMID: 37745444 PMCID: PMC10515892 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.554413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased endothelial cell (EC) proliferation is a hallmark of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The underlying mechanism and disease relevance of this abnormal cell proliferative state of the ECs remain unknown. Here, we report the identification of a CDK6-driven mechanism of cell cycle progression deregulation directly involved in EC proliferation and HHT vascular pathology. Specifically, HHT mouse liver ECs exhibited defects in their cell cycle control characterized by a G1/S checkpoint bypass and acceleration of cell cycle speed. Phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-RB1)-a marker of G1/S transition through the restriction point-significantly accumulated in ECs of HHT mouse retinal AVMs and HHT patient skin telangiectasias. Mechanistically, ALK1 loss of function increased the expression of key restriction point mediators, and treatment with palbociclib or ribociclib, two CDK4/6 inhibitors, blocked p-RB1 increase and retinal AVMs in HHT mice. Palbociclib also improved vascular pathology in the brain and slowed down endothelial cell cycle speed and EC proliferation. Specific deletion of Cdk6 in ECs was sufficient to protect HHT mice from AVM pathology. Thus, CDK6-mediated endothelial cell cycle acceleration controls EC proliferation in AVMs and is a central determinant of HHT pathogenesis. We propose that clinically approved CDK4/6 inhibitors have repurposing potential in HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeth Dinakaran
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Yuefeng Tang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Marie E. Faughnan
- Toronto HHT Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
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40
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Lu Y, Leng Y, Li Y, Wang J, Wang W, Wang R, Liu Y, Tan Q, Yang W, Jiang Y, Cai J, Yuan H, Weng L, Xu Q. Endothelial RIPK1 protects artery bypass graft against arteriosclerosis by regulating SMC growth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8939. [PMID: 37647392 PMCID: PMC10468134 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
RIPK1 is crucial in the inflammatory response. The process of vascular graft remodeling is also involved in endothelial inflammation, which can influence the behavior of smooth muscle cells. However, the role of endothelial RIPK1 in arterial bypass grafts remains unknown. Here, we established an arterial isograft mouse model in wild-type and endothelial RIPK1 conditional knockout mice. Progressive vascular remodeling and neointima formation occurred in the graft artery, showing SMC accumulation together with endothelial inflammatory adhesion molecule and cytokine expression. Endothelial RIPK1 knockout exacerbated graft stenosis by increasing secretion of N-Shh. Mechanistically, RIPK1 directly phosphorylated EEF1AKMT3 at Ser26, inhibiting its methyltransferase activity and global protein synthesis, which further attenuated N-Shh translation and secretion. Consistently, treatment with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC0449 markedly alleviated RIPK1 knockout-induced graft stenosis. Our results demonstrated that endothelial RIPK1 played a protective role in arterial bypass graft vascular remodeling, highlighting that targeting Hedgehog pathway may be an attractive strategy for graft failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
- Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Yiming Leng
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Youxiang Jiang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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41
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Wiggins BG, Wang YF, Burke A, Grunberg N, Vlachaki Walker JM, Dore M, Chahrour C, Pennycook BR, Sanchez-Garrido J, Vernia S, Barr AR, Frankel G, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Schiering C. Endothelial sensing of AHR ligands regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature 2023; 621:821-829. [PMID: 37586410 PMCID: PMC10533400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the blood and lymphatic vasculature, and act as an essential physical barrier, control nutrient transport, facilitate tissue immunosurveillance and coordinate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis1,2. In the intestine, dietary and microbial cues are particularly important in the regulation of organ homeostasis. However, whether enteric endothelial cells actively sense and integrate such signals is currently unknown. Here we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) acts as a critical node for endothelial cell sensing of dietary metabolites in adult mice and human primary endothelial cells. We first established a comprehensive single-cell endothelial atlas of the mouse small intestine, uncovering the cellular complexity and functional heterogeneity of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analyses of AHR-mediated responses at single-cell resolution identified tissue-protective transcriptional signatures and regulatory networks promoting cellular quiescence and vascular normalcy at steady state. Endothelial AHR deficiency in adult mice resulted in dysregulated inflammatory responses and the initiation of proliferative pathways. Furthermore, endothelial sensing of dietary AHR ligands was required for optimal protection against enteric infection. In human endothelial cells, AHR signalling promoted quiescence and restrained activation by inflammatory mediators. Together, our data provide a comprehensive dissection of the effect of environmental sensing across the spectrum of enteric endothelia, demonstrating that endothelial AHR signalling integrates dietary cues to maintain tissue homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell quiescence and vascular normalcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Wiggins
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alice Burke
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Nil Grunberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Marian Dore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Betheney R Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Santiago Vernia
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Schiering
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
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42
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Astone M, Oberkersch RE, Tosi G, Biscontin A, Santoro MM. The circadian protein BMAL1 supports endothelial cell cycle during angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1952-1968. [PMID: 37052172 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The circadian clock is an internal biological timer that co-ordinates physiology and gene expression with the 24-h solar day. Circadian clock perturbations have been associated to vascular dysfunctions in mammals, and a function of the circadian clock in angiogenesis has been suggested. However, the functional role of the circadian clock in endothelial cells (ECs) and in the regulation of angiogenesis is widely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used both in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate that ECs possess an endogenous molecular clock and show robust circadian oscillations of core clock genes. By impairing the EC-specific function of the circadian clock transcriptional activator basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) in vivo, we detect angiogenesis defects in mouse neonatal vascular tissues, as well as in adult tumour angiogenic settings. We then investigate the function of circadian clock machinery in cultured EC and show evidence that BMAL and circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput knock-down impair EC cell cycle progression. By using an RNA- and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing genome-wide approaches, we identified that BMAL1 binds the promoters of CCNA1 and CDK1 genes and controls their expression in ECs. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings show that EC display a robust circadian clock and that BMAL1 regulates EC physiology in both developmental and pathological contexts. Genetic alteration of BMAL1 can affect angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
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43
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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44
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Crawshaw JR, Flegg JA, Bernabeu MO, Osborne JM. Mathematical models of developmental vascular remodelling: A review. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011130. [PMID: 37535698 PMCID: PMC10399886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, there has been a strong focus on the development of mathematical models of angiogenesis, while developmental remodelling has received little such attention from the mathematical community. Sprouting angiogenesis can be seen as a very crude way of laying out a primitive vessel network (the raw material), while remodelling (understood as pruning of redundant vessels, diameter control, and the establishment of vessel identity and hierarchy) is the key to turning that primitive network into a functional network. This multiscale problem is of prime importance in the development of a functional vasculature. In addition, defective remodelling (either during developmental remodelling or due to a reactivation of the remodelling programme caused by an injury) is associated with a significant number of diseases. In this review, we discuss existing mathematical models of developmental remodelling and explore the important contributions that these models have made to the field of vascular development. These mathematical models are effectively used to investigate and predict vascular development and are able to reproduce experimentally observable results. Moreover, these models provide a useful means of hypothesis generation and can explain the underlying mechanisms driving the observed structural and functional network development. However, developmental vascular remodelling is still a relatively new area in mathematical biology, and many biological questions remain unanswered. In this review, we present the existing modelling paradigms and define the key challenges for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Crawshaw
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Flegg
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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45
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Fumadó Navarro J, Lomora M. Mechanoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems for Vascular Diseases. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200466. [PMID: 36670512 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising candidates to improve the current effectiveness and lower the side effects typically associated with direct drug administration in the context of vascular diseases. Despite tremendous research efforts to date, designing drug delivery systems able to respond to mechanical stimuli to potentially treat these diseases is still in its infancy. By understanding relevant biological forces emerging in healthy and pathological vascular endothelium, it is believed that better-informed design strategies can be deduced for the fabrication of simple-to-complex macromolecular assemblies capable of sensing mechanical forces. These responsive systems are discussed through insights into essential parameter design (composition, size, shape, and aggregation state) , as well as their functionalization with (macro)molecules that are intrinsically mechanoresponsive (e.g., mechanosensitive ion channels and mechanophores). Mechanical forces, including the pathological shear stress and exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields), used for the activation of mechanoresponsive DDS are also introduced, followed by in vitro and in vivo experimental models used to investigate and validate such novel therapies. Overall, this review aims to propose a fresh perspective through identified challenges and proposed solutions that could be of benefit for the further development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Fumadó Navarro
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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46
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Brown KN, Phan HKT, Jui EL, Kang MK, Connell JP, Keswani SG, Grande-Allen KJ. Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Endocardial Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:371-380. [PMID: 37310900 PMCID: PMC10442675 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart contains diverse endothelial cell types. We sought to characterize the endocardial endothelial cells (EECs), which line the chambers of the heart. EECs are relatively understudied, yet their dysregulation can lead to various cardiac pathologies. Due to the lack of commercial availability of these cells, we reported our protocol for isolating EECs from porcine hearts and for establishing an EEC population through cell sorting. In addition, we compared the EEC phenotype and fundamental behaviors to a well-studied endothelial cell line, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The EECs stained positively for classic phenotypic markers such as CD31, von Willebrand Factor, and vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin. The EECs proliferated more quickly than HUVECs at 48 h (1310 ± 251 cells vs. 597 ± 130 cells, p = 0.0361) and at 96 h (2873 ± 257 cells vs. 1714 ± 342 cells, p = 0.0002). Yet EECs migrated more slowly than HUVECs to cover a scratch wound at 4 h (5% ± 1% wound closure vs. 25% ± 3% wound closure, p < 0.0001), 8 h (15% ± 4% wound closure vs. 51% ± 12% wound closure, p < 0.0001), and 24 h (70% ± 11% wound closure vs. 90% ± 3% wound closure, p < 0.0001). Finally, the EECs maintained their endothelial phenotype by positive expression of CD31 through more than a dozen passages (three populations of EECs showing 97% ± 1% CD31+ cells in over 14 passages). In contrast, the HUVECs showed significantly reduced CD31 expression over high passages (80% ± 11% CD31+ cells over 14 passages). These important phenotypic differences between EECs and HUVECs highlight the need for researchers to utilize the most relevant cell types when studying or modeling diseases of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Kim T. Phan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elysa L. Jui
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marci K. Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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47
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Lother A, Kohl P. The heterocellular heart: identities, interactions, and implications for cardiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:30. [PMID: 37495826 PMCID: PMC10371928 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or immune cells are coming more into focus. The rise of single-cell sequencing technologies enables identification of ever more subtle differences and has reignited the question of what defines a cell's identity. Here we provide an overview of the major cardiac cell types, describe their roles in homeostasis, and outline recent findings on non-canonical functions that may be of relevance for cardiology. We highlight modes of biochemical and biophysical interactions between different cardiac cell types and discuss the potential implications of the heterocellular nature of the heart for basic research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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48
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Katsi V, Papakonstantinou I, Tsioufis K. Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cancer: Common Epidemiology, Shared Mechanisms, and Future Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11786. [PMID: 37511551 PMCID: PMC10381022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of cardiovascular disease in cancer onset and development represents a contemporary interest in basic science. It has been recognized, from the most recent research, that metabolic syndrome-related conditions, ranging from atherosclerosis to diabetes, elicit many pathways regulating lipid metabolism and lipid signaling that are also linked to the same framework of multiple potential mechanisms for inducing cancer. Otherwise, dyslipidemia and endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis may present common or even interdependent changes, similar to oncogenic molecules elevated in many forms of cancer. However, whether endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease provides signals that promote the pre-clinical onset and proliferation of malignant cells is an issue that requires further understanding, even though more questions are presented with every answer. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms that point to a causal link between lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome-related atherosclerotic disease with the development of cancer. The knowledge of these breakthrough mechanisms may pave the way for the application of new therapeutic targets and for implementing interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Katsi
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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49
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Di Stasi R, De Rosa L, D'Andrea LD. Structure-Based Design of Peptides Targeting VEGF/VEGFRs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:851. [PMID: 37375798 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs) play a main role in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, they are implicated in the onset of several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative eye conditions, tumor growth, ulcers and ischemia. Therefore, molecules able to target the VEGF and its receptors are of great pharmaceutical interest. Several types of molecules have been reported so far. In this review, we focus on the structure-based design of peptides mimicking VEGF/VEGFR binding epitopes. The binding interface of the complex has been dissected and the different regions challenged for peptide design. All these trials furnished a better understanding of the molecular recognition process and provide us with a wealth of molecules that could be optimized to be exploited for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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50
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Shen Y, Dong Z, Fan F, Li K, Zhu S, Dai R, Huang J, Xie N, He L, Gong Z, Yang X, Tan J, Liu L, Yu F, Tang Y, You Z, Xi J, Wang Y, Kong W, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Targeting cytokine-like protein FAM3D lowers blood pressure in hypertension. Cell Rep Med 2023:101072. [PMID: 37301198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current antihypertensive options still incompletely control blood pressure, suggesting the existence of uncovered pathogenic mechanisms. Here, whether cytokine-like protein family with sequence similarity 3, member D (FAM3D) is involved in hypertension etiology is evaluated. A case-control study exhibits that FAM3D is elevated in patients with hypertension, with a positive association with odds of hypertension. FAM3D deficiency significantly ameliorates angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension in mice. Mechanistically, FAM3D directly causes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, whereas 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine to induce eNOS uncoupling abolishes the protective effect of FAM3D deficiency against AngII-induced hypertension. Furthermore, antagonism of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and FPR2 or the suppression of oxidative stress blunts FAM3D-induced eNOS uncoupling. Translationally, targeting endothelial FAM3D by adeno-associated virus or intraperitoneal injection of FAM3D-neutralizing antibodies markedly ameliorates AngII- or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Conclusively, FAM3D causes eNOS uncoupling through FPR1- and FPR2-mediated oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating the development of hypertension. FAM3D may be a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Kaiyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shirong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongbo Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Ze Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaai Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yida Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- Department of Biomedicine, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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