1
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Sinha P, Sharma A. The prospect of supercapacitors in integrated energy harvesting and storage systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:382001. [PMID: 38904267 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5a7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy sources, such as wind, tide, solar cells, etc, are the primary research areas that deliver enormous amounts of energy for our daily usage and minimize the dependency upon fossil fuel. Paralley, harnessing ambient energy from our surroundings must be prioritized for small powered systems. Nanogenerators, which use waste energy to generate electricity, are based on such concepts. We refer to these nanogenerators as energy harvesters. The purpose of energy harvesters is not to outcompete traditional renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce reliance on primary energy sources and enhance decentralized energy production. Energy storage is another area that needs to be explored for quickly storing the generated energy. Supercapacitor is a familiar device with a unique quick charging and discharging feature. Encouraging advancements in energy storage and harvesting technologies directly supports the efficient and comprehensive use of sustainable energy. Yet, self-optimization from independent energy harvesting and storage devices is challenging to overcome. It includes instability, insufficient energy output, and reliance on an external power source, preventing their direct application and future development. Coincidentally, integrating energy harvesters and storage devices can address these challenges, which demand their inherent action. This review intends to offer a complete overview of supercapacitor-based integrated energy harvester and storage systems and identify opportunities and directions for future research in this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sinha
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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2
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Jin Y, Yang S, Sun M, Gao S, Cheng Y, Wu C, Xu Z, Guo Y, Xu W, Gao X, Wang S, Huang B, Wang Z. How liquids charge the superhydrophobic surfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4762. [PMID: 38834547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-solid contact electrification (CE) is essential to diverse applications. Exploiting its full implementation requires an in-depth understanding and fine-grained control of charge carriers (electrons and/or ions) during CE. Here, we decouple the electrons and ions during liquid-solid CE by designing binary superhydrophobic surfaces that eliminate liquid and ion residues on the surfaces and simultaneously enable us to regulate surface properties, namely work function, to control electron transfers. We find the existence of a linear relationship between the work function of superhydrophobic surfaces and the as-generated charges in liquids, implying that liquid-solid CE arises from electron transfer due to the work function difference between two contacting surfaces. We also rule out the possibility of ion transfer during CE occurring on superhydrophobic surfaces by proving the absence of ions on superhydrophobic surfaces after contact with ion-enriched acidic, alkaline, and salt liquids. Our findings stand in contrast to existing liquid-solid CE studies, and the new insights learned offer the potential to explore more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Siyan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yunting Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wanghuai Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Research Centre for Nature-Inspired Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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3
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Zhang Z, Gong L, Luan R, Feng Y, Cao J, Zhang C. Tribovoltaic Effect: Origin, Interface, Characteristic, Mechanism & Application. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305460. [PMID: 38355310 PMCID: PMC11022743 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Tribovoltaic effect is a phenomenon of the generation of direct voltage and current by the mechanical friction on semiconductor interface, which exhibits a brand-new energy conversion mechanism by the coupling of semiconductor and triboelectrification. Here, the origin, interfaces, characteristics, mechanism, coupling effect and application of the tribovoltaic effect is summarized and reviewed. The tribovoltaic effect is first proposed in 2019, which has developed in various forms tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG) including metal-semiconductor, metal-insulator-semiconductor, semiconductor-semiconductor, liquid-solid and flexible interfaces. Compared with triboelectric nanogenerator, the TVNG has the characteristics of direct-current, high current density (mA-A cm-2) and low impedance (Ω-kΩ). The two mainstream views on the tribovoltaic generation mechanism, one dominated by built-in electric fields and the other dominated by interface electric fields, have been elaborated and summarized in detail. The tribo-photovoltaic effect and tribo-thermoelectric effect are also discovered and introduced because they can easily interact with other multi-physical field effects. The TVNGs are suitable for making energy harvesting and self-powered sensing devices for micro-nano energy applications. This paper not only revisit the development of the tribovoltaic effect, but also makes prospects for mechanism research, device fabrication and integrated application, which can accelerate the evolution of smart wearable electronics and intelligent industrial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Likun Gong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Ruifei Luan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yuan Feng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible MechatronicsJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
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4
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Zhang H, Sundaresan S, Webb MA. Thermodynamic driving forces in contact electrification between polymeric materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2616. [PMID: 38521773 PMCID: PMC10960812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Contact electrification, or contact charging, refers to the process of static charge accumulation after rubbing, or even simple touching, of two materials. Despite its relevance in static electricity, various natural phenomena, and numerous technologies, contact charging remains poorly understood. For insulating materials, even the species of charge carrier may be unknown, and the direction of charge-transfer lacks firm molecular-level explanation. Here, we use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate whether thermodynamics can explain contact charging between insulating polymers. Based on prior work suggesting that water-ions, such as hydronium and hydroxide ions, are potential charge carriers, we predict preferred directions of charge-transfer between polymer surfaces according to the free energy of water-ions within water droplets on such surfaces. Broad agreement between our predictions and experimental triboelectric series indicate that thermodynamically driven ion-transfer likely influences contact charging of polymers. Furthermore, simulation analyses reveal how specific interactions of water and water-ions proximate to the polymer-water interface explain observed trends. This study establishes relevance of thermodynamic driving forces in contact charging of insulators with new evidence informed by molecular-level interactions. These insights have direct implications for future mechanistic studies and applications of contact charging involving polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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5
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Sotthewes K, Roozendaal G, Šutka A, Jimidar ISM. Toward the Assembly of 2D Tunable Crystal Patterns of Spherical Colloids on a Wafer-Scale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:12007-12017. [PMID: 38271190 PMCID: PMC10921376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Entering an era of miniaturization prompted scientists to explore strategies to assemble colloidal crystals for numerous applications, including photonics. However, wet methods are intrinsically less versatile than dry methods, whereas the manual rubbing method of dry powders has been demonstrated only on sticky elastomeric layers, hindering particle transfer in printing applications and applicability in analytical screening. To address this clear impetus of broad applicability, we explore here the assembly on nonelastomeric, rigid substrates by utilizing the manual rubbing method to rapidly (≈20 s) attain monolayers comprising hexagonal closely packed (HCP) crystals of monodisperse dry powder spherical particles with a diameter ranging from 500 nm to 10 μm using a PDMS stamp. Our findings elucidate that the tribocharging-induced electrostatic attraction, particularly on relatively stiff substrates, and contact mechanics force between particles and substrates are critical contributors to attain large-scale HCP structures on conductive and insulating substrates. The best performance was obtained with polystyrene and PMMA powder, while silica was assembled only in HCP structures on fluorocarbon-coated substrates under zero-humidity conditions. Finally, we successfully demonstrated the assembly of tunable crystal patterns on a wafer-scale with great control on fluorocarbon-coated wafers, which is promising in microelectronics, bead-based assays, sensing, and anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sotthewes
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Roozendaal
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andris Šutka
- Institute
of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science
and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ignaas S. M. Jimidar
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical Engineering CHIS, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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6
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Fang Y, Ao CK, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Chen L, Soh S. Static charge is an ionic molecular fragment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1986. [PMID: 38443343 PMCID: PMC10914821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
What is static charge? Despite the long history of research, the identity of static charge and mechanism by which static is generated by contact electrification are still unknown. Investigations are challenging due to the complexity of surfaces. This study involves the molecular-scale analysis of contact electrification using highly well-defined surfaces functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer of alkylsilanes. Analyses show the elementary molecular steps of contact electrification: the exact location of heterolytic cleavage of covalent bonds (i.e., Si-C bond), exact charged species generated (i.e., alkyl carbocation), and transfer of molecular fragments. The strong correlation between charge generation and molecular fragments due to their signature odd-even effects further shows that contact electrification is based on cleavage of covalent bonds and transfer of ionic molecular fragments. Static charge is thus an alkyl carbocation; in general, it is an ionic molecular fragment. This mechanism based on cleavage of covalent bonds is applicable to general types of insulating materials, such as covalently bonded polymers. The odd-even effect of charging caused by the difference of only one atom explains the highly sensitive nature of contact electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30# Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Linfeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
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7
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Galembeck F, Santos LP, Burgo TAL, Galembeck A. The emerging chemistry of self-electrified water interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2578-2602. [PMID: 38305696 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is known for dissipating electrostatic charges, but it is also a universal agent of matter electrification, creating charged domains in any material contacting or containing it. This new role of water was discovered during the current century. It is proven in a fast-growing number of publications reporting direct experimental measurements of excess charge and electric potential. It is indirectly verified by its success in explaining surprising phenomena in chemical synthesis, electric power generation, metastability, and phase transition kinetics. Additionally, electrification by water is opening the way for developing green technologies that are fully compatible with the environment and have great potential to contribute to sustainability. Electrification by water shows that polyphasic matter is a charge mosaic, converging with the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect, which was discovered one century ago but is still often ignored. Electrified sites in a real system are niches showing various local electrochemical potentials for the charged species. Thus, the electrified mosaics display variable chemical reactivity and mass transfer patterns. Water contributes to interfacial electrification from its singular structural, electric, mixing, adsorption, and absorption properties. A long list of previously unexpected consequences of interfacial electrification includes: "on-water" reactions of chemicals dispersed in water that defy current chemical wisdom; reactions in electrified water microdroplets that do not occur in bulk water, transforming the droplets in microreactors; and lowered surface tension of water, modifying wetting, spreading, adhesion, cohesion, and other properties of matter. Asymmetric capacitors charged by moisture and water are now promising alternative equipment for simultaneously producing electric power and green hydrogen, requiring only ambient thermal energy. Changing surface tension by interfacial electrification also modifies phase-change kinetics, eliminating metastability that is the root of catastrophic electric discharges and destructive explosions. It also changes crystal habits, producing needles and dendrites that shorten battery life. These recent findings derive from a single factor, water's ability to electrify matter, touching on the most relevant aspects of chemistry. They create tremendous scientific opportunities to understand the matter better, and a new chemistry based on electrified interfaces is now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Galembeck
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, 13083-872, Campinas, Brazil.
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandra P Santos
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago A L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Andre Galembeck
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
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8
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Sobarzo JC, Waitukaitis S. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L032108. [PMID: 38632754 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l032108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The tendency of materials to order in triboelectric series has prompted suggestions that contact electrification might have a single, unified underlying description. However, the possibility of "triboelectric cycles," i.e., series that loop back onto themselves, is seemingly at odds with such a coherent description. In this work, we propose that if multiple charge carrying species are at play, both triboelectric series and cycles are possible. We show how series arise naturally if only a single charge carrier species is involved and if the driving mechanism is approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium, and simultaneously, that cycles are forbidden under such conditions. Suspecting multiple carriers might relax the situation, we affirm this is the case by explicit construction of a cycle involving two carriers, and then extend this to show how more complex cycles emerge. Our work highlights the importance of series and cycles towards determining the underlying mechanism(s) and carrier(s) in contact electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sobarzo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Scott Waitukaitis
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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9
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Lin Z, Duan S, Liu M, Dang C, Qian S, Zhang L, Wang H, Yan W, Zhu M. Insights into Materials, Physics, and Applications in Flexible and Wearable Acoustic Sensing Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306880. [PMID: 38015990 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Sound plays a crucial role in the perception of the world. It allows to communicate, learn, and detect potential dangers, diagnose diseases, and much more. However, traditional acoustic sensors are limited in their form factors, being rigid and cumbersome, which restricts their potential applications. Recently, acoustic sensors have made significant advancements, transitioning from rudimentary forms to wearable devices and smart everyday clothing that can conform to soft, curved, and deformable surfaces or surroundings. In this review, the latest scientific and technological breakthroughs with insightful analysis in materials, physics, design principles, fabrication strategies, functions, and applications of flexible and wearable acoustic sensing technology are comprehensively explored. The new generation of acoustic sensors that can recognize voice, interact with machines, control robots, enable marine positioning and localization, monitor structural health, diagnose human vital signs in deep tissues, and perform organ imaging is highlighted. These innovations offer unique solutions to significant challenges in fields such as healthcare, biomedicine, wearables, robotics, and metaverse. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field are addressed, providing strategies to advance acoustic sensing technologies for intriguing real-world applications and inspire new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengshun Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chao Dang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengtai Qian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Luxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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10
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Gorman M, Ruan X, Ni R. Electrostatic interactions between rough dielectric particles. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034902. [PMID: 38632820 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
From colloid suspension to particle aggregation in protoplanetary formation, electrostatic attraction and repulsion between particles is a key mechanism behind the aggregation and clustering of particles. Although most studies have focused on canonical spherical particles, it remains unclear how nonspherical and rough dielectric particles interact and whether the complicated interplay between roughness and charge distribution affects their force couplings. Here a boundary-element method model was leveraged to study electrostatic interactions between charged dielectric particles with modular, axisymmetric surface features. Charge accumulation at convex surface asperities decreases the strength of electrostatic interactions between particles, and the sensitivity of the electrostatic force to the particle surface roughness and orientation is especially apparent at small particle separations. Surface interactions between the particle near-contact regions were isolated to determine the degree that near-contact interactions dictate the relationship between the net electrostatic force and the particle roughness and orientation. A correction factor ΔF is introduced to recover higher order dielectric effects from a low order analytical model. Finally, implications of surface charge asymmetries produced for different particle orientations and surface roughnesses on the long-standing problem of triboelectrification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gorman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Xuan Ruan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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11
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Jantač S, Grosshans H. Suppression and Control of Bipolar Powder Charging by Turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:054004. [PMID: 38364149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.054004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Current models predict particles of the same material but different sizes to charge bipolar upon contacts; the resulting charge peaks endanger process safety. However, we found wall-bounded turbulence to suppress the powder's electrostatic charging. Aerodynamic forces skew the collision frequency and narrow the charge distribution's bandwidth. Bipolar charging reduces, especially in moderately polydisperse systems of a low Stokes number. Not the smallest but midsized particles charge most negatively. Moreover, turbulence separates charge, producing pockets of high electric potential in low-vorticity regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jantač
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Holger Grosshans
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Institute of Apparatus and Environmental Technology, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Jiang F, Zhan L, Lee JP, Lee PS. Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Fluid Medium: From Fundamental Mechanisms toward Multifunctional Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308197. [PMID: 37842933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluid-based triboelectric nanogenerators (FB-TENGs) are at the forefront of promising energy technologies, demonstrating the ability to generate electricity through the dynamic interaction between two dissimilar materials, wherein at least one is a fluidic medium (such as gas or liquid). By capitalizing on the dynamic and continuous properties of fluids and their interface interactions, FB-TENGs exhibit a larger effective contact area and a longer-lasting triboelectric effect in comparison to their solid-based counterparts, thereby affording longer-term energy harvesting and higher-precision self-powered sensors in harsh conditions. In this review, various fluid-based mechanical energy harvesters, including liquid-solid, gas-solid, liquid-liquid, and gas-liquid TENGs, have been systematically summarized. Their working mechanism, optimization strategies, respective advantages and applications, theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as the existing challenges, have also been comprehensively discussed, which provide prospective directions for device design and mechanism understanding of FB-TENGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liuxiang Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jin Pyo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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13
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Li R, Wei D, Wang Z. Synergizing Machine Learning Algorithm with Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Advanced Self-Powered Sensing Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38251130 PMCID: PMC10819602 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for large-scale intelligent sensing systems. The periodic replacement of power sources for ubiquitous sensing systems leads to significant resource waste and environmental pollution. Human staffing costs associated with replacement also increase the economic burden. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide both an energy harvesting scheme and the possibility of self-powered sensing. Based on contact electrification from different materials, TENGs provide a rich material selection to collect complex and diverse data. As the data collected by TENGs become increasingly numerous and complex, different approaches to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms have been proposed to efficiently process output signals. In this paper, the latest advances in ML algorithms assisting solid-solid TENG and liquid-solid TENG sensors are reviewed based on the sample size and complexity of the data. The pros and cons of various algorithms are analyzed and application scenarios of various TENG sensing systems are presented. The prospects of synergizing hardware (TENG sensors) with software (ML algorithms) in a complex environment and their main challenges for future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wei
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
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14
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Pal A, Ganguly A, Wei P, Barman SR, Chang C, Lin Z. Construction of Triboelectric Series and Chirality Detection of Amino Acids Using Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307266. [PMID: 38032132 PMCID: PMC10811508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectrification necessitates a frictional interaction between two materials, and their contact electrification is characteristically based on the polarity variance in the triboelectric series. Utilizing this fundamental advantage of the triboelectric phenomenon, different materials can be identified according to their contact electrification capability. Herein, an in-depth analysis of the amino acids present in the stratum corneum of human skin is performed and these are quantified regarding triboelectric polarization. The principal focus of this study lies in analyzing and identifying the amino acids present in copious amounts in the stratum corneum to explain their positive behavior during the contact electrification process. Thus, an augmented triboelectric series of amino acids with quantified triboelectric charging polarity by scrutinizing the transfer charge, work function, and atomic percentage is presented. Furthermore, the chirality of aspartic acid as it is most susceptible to racemization with clear consequences on the human skin is detected. The study is expected to accelerate research exploiting triboelectrification and provide valuable information on the surface properties and biological activities of these important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Pal
- International Intercollegiate PhD ProgramNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Anindita Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Po‐Han Wei
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Snigdha Roy Barman
- International Intercollegiate PhD ProgramNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Chih Chang
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University1001 University RoadHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Zong‐Hong Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
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15
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Verners O, Das A. Comparison of Contact Electrification Mechanisms of Selected Polymers and Surface-Functionalized Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10035-10042. [PMID: 37944987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the possible alternatives for the improvement of contact electrification for triboelectric energy harvesting purposes, the functionalization of contact surfaces has attracted wide attention due to its versatility and cost-efficiency. Similarly, low-stiffness polymeric materials such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are regarded as a promising choice of contact material for the same purpose. However, for defining the most efficient combinations of materials of the aforementioned types, a number of theoretical questions still frequently pose difficulties for practical implementation-related tasks. In this regard, the presented study theoretically assesses the possibilities of consistently selecting optimum performance combinations of contact materials. Here, the optimum is defined as the minimum energy of the charge transfer reaction and, consequently, the maximum density of the predicted triboelectric surface charge. With this aim, the most promising combinations in terms of electron-transfer energies were identified among the candidates of functionalized molecules and polymers. Based on the ordering of materials according to the basic characteristics of charge-transfer reactions─electron and hole affinities─certain differences were observed. These findings indicate that for the materials under consideration, it is not possible to establish a single triboelectric series solely based on a single characteristic. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential compatibility of charge-transfer reaction mechanisms based on electron and material transfer, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using structures that depict pairs of polymers and self-assembled monolayers of functionalized molecules in contact and separated types of operations. The obtained results indicate that the formation of equally charged free fragments of polymer chains is likely taking place in the contact electrification for N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane/PDMS interfaces. At variance, a contact electrification mechanism by charge-dependent material transfer may occur for 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl trimethoxysilane/PDMS interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvalds Verners
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Amit Das
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Preud'homme N, Lumay G, Vandewalle N, Opsomer E. Tribocharging of granular materials and influence on their flow. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8911-8918. [PMID: 37961836 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01322g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Once granular materials flow, particles charge because of the triboelectric effect. When particles touch each other, charges are exchanged during contact whether they are made of the same material or not. Surprisingly, when different sizes of particles are mixed together, large particles tend to charge positively while small particles charge negatively. If the particles are relatively small (typically smaller than a millimeter), the electrostatic interaction between the particles becomes significant and leads to aggregation or sticking on the surface of the container holding them. Studying those effects is challenging as the mechanisms that govern the triboelectric effect are not fully understood yet. We show that the patch model (or mosaic model) is suitable to reproduce numerically the flow of triboelectrically charged granular materials as the specific charging of bi-disperse granular materials can be retrieved. We investigate the influence of charging on the cohesion of granular materials and highlight the relevant parameters related to the patch model that influence cohesion. Our results shed new light on the mechanisms of the triboelectric effect as well as on how the charging of granular materials influences cohesion using numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffroy Lumay
- GRASP, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Aout 19, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | | | - Eric Opsomer
- GRASP, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Aout 19, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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17
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Im S, Frey E, Lacks DJ, Genzer J, Dickey MD. Enhanced Triboelectric Charge Stability by Air-Stable Radicals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304459. [PMID: 37675836 PMCID: PMC10625048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that air-stable radicals enhance the stability of triboelectric charge on surfaces. While charge on surfaces is often undesirable (e.g., static discharge), improved charge retention can benefit specific applications such as air filtration. Here, it is shown that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing air-stable radicals, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl (TEMPO), hold the charge longer than those without TEMPO. Charging and retention are monitored by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) as a function of time. Without the radicals on the surface, charge retention increases with the water contact angle (hydrophobicity), consistent with the understanding that surface water molecules can accelerate charge dissipation. Yet, the most prolonged charge retention is observed in surfaces treated with TEMPO, which are more hydrophilic than untreated control surfaces. The charge retention decreases with reducing radical density by etching the TEMPO-silane with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or scavenging the radicals with ascorbic acid. These results suggest a pathway toward increasing the lifetime of triboelectric charges, which may enhance air filtration, improve tribocharging for patterning charges on surfaces, or boost triboelectric energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooik Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Ethan Frey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Daniel J. Lacks
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
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18
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Fatti G, Kim H, Sohn C, Park M, Lim YW, Li Z, Park KI, Szlufarska I, Ko H, Jeong CK, Cho SB. Uncertainty and Irreproducibility of Triboelectricity Based on Interface Mechanochemistry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:166201. [PMID: 37925700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.166201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectrification mechanism is still not understood, despite centuries of investigations. Here, we propose a model showing that mechanochemistry is key to elucidate triboelectrification fundamental properties. Studying contact between gold and silicate glasses, we observe that the experimental triboelectric output is subject to large variations and polarity inversions. First principles analysis shows that electronic transfer is activated by mechanochemistry and the tribopolarity is determined by the termination exposed to contact, depending on the material composition, which can result in different charging at the macroscale. The electron transfer mechanism is driven by the interface barrier dynamics, regulated by mechanical forces. The model provides a unified framework to explain several experimental observations, including the systematic variations in the triboelectric output and the mixed positive-negative "mosaic" charging patterns, and paves the way to the theoretical prediction of the triboelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fatti
- Center of Materials Digitalization, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET), Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwan Sohn
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Won Lim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhuohan Li
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kwi-Il Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Izabela Szlufarska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1595, USA
| | - Hyunseok Ko
- Center of Materials Digitalization, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET), Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
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19
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Chen X, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Hua L, Jia X, Wang F, Zare RN. Hydrocarbon Degradation by Contact with Anoxic Water Microdroplets. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21538-21545. [PMID: 37725034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oils are hydrophobic, but their degradation is frequently found to be accelerated in the presence of water microdroplets. The direct chemical consequences of water-oil contact have long been overlooked. We show that aqueous microdroplets in emulsified water-hexadecane (C16H34) mixtures can spontaneously produce CO2, •H, H2, and short-chain hydrocarbons (mainly C1 and C2) as detected by gas chromatography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. This reaction results from contact electrification at the water-oil microdroplet interface, in which reactive oxygen species are produced, such as hydrated hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. We also find that the H2 originates from the water microdroplet and not the hydrocarbon it contacts. These observations highlight the potential of interfacial contact electrification to produce new chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ,United States
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuquan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 ,United States
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20
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Mehta T, Mukherjee R, Shah A, Mastriani T, Duran T, Chaudhuri B. Mitigation of Tribocharging in Pharmaceutical Powders using Surface Modified V-Blenders. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2371-2381. [PMID: 37821767 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pharmaceutical industry involves handling of powders on a large scale for manufacturing of solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules constituting about 85% of the dosage forms. During this manufacturing process, powders get electrostatically charged due to numerous particle-particle and particle-equipment wall collisions. Most of the pharmaceutical powders are insulators in nature and they accumulate charge for longer durations making it difficult to dissipate the generated charge. In this study, a surface modified blender has been used to analyze tribocharging in pharmaceutical powders. METHODS The surface modified blender has been fabricated using two types of materials, an insulator, and a conductor. The conductor or the metal arm induces charge of opposite polarity to that of the charge induced by the insulator arm and the overall charge on the powder decreases during the tumbling motion of the blender. Ibuprofen was used as the model drug and processed in aluminum, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), stainless steel, surface modified aluminum-PVC (Al-PVC) and surface modified stainless steel- PVC (SS-PVC) blender at 20% RH for different blending times such as 2, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. To better understand the tribocharging phenomenon in surface modified V blenders, an experimentally validated computational model was developed using Discrete Element Method (DEM) modeling. RESULTS Significant reduction (> 50%) in electrostatic charge was observed for Ibuprofen using surface modified blenders in comparison to metal only and insulator only V blenders. Additionally, an identical charging trend was observed between the simulation and experimental data. CONCLUSION: It was established that careful selection of equipment materials could significantly reduce the electrostatic charging of pharmaceutical powders and DEM model could be a really useful tool in assessing the applicability of the modified V blenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Raj Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ami Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Trey Mastriani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Tibo Duran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Institute of Material Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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21
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Middleton J, Scott AJ, Storey R, Marucci M, Ghadiri M. Prediction of the Effective Work Function of Aspirin and Paracetamol Crystals by Density Functional Theory-A First-Principles Study. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6308-6317. [PMID: 37692333 PMCID: PMC10485818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Crystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are prone to triboelectric charging due to their dielectric nature. This characteristic, coupled with their typically low density and often large aspect ratio, poses significant challenges in the manufacturing process. The pharmaceutical industry frequently encounters issues during the secondary processing of APIs, such as particle adhesion to walls, clump formation, unreliable flow, and the need for careful handling to mitigate the risk of fire and explosions. These challenges are further intensified by the limited availability of powder quantities for testing, particularly in the early stages of drug development. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop predictive tools that can assess the triboelectric propensity of APIs. In this study, Density Functional Theory calculations are employed to predict the effective work function of different facets of aspirin and paracetamol crystals, both in a vacuum and in the presence of water molecules on their surfaces. The calculations reveal significant variations in the work function across different facets and materials. Moreover, the adsorption of water molecules induces a shift in the work function. These findings underscore the considerable impact of distinct surface terminations and the presence of molecular water on the calculated effective work function of pharmaceuticals. Consequently, this approach offers a valuable predictive tool for determining the triboelectric propensity of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
R. Middleton
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Scott
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
| | - Richard Storey
- New
Modalities Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development,
Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Mariagrazia Marucci
- Oral
Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development,
Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 413 27, Sweden
| | - Mojtaba Ghadiri
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
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22
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Jimidar ISM, Kwiecinski W, Roozendaal G, Kooij ES, Gardeniers HJGE, Desmet G, Sotthewes K. Influence of Wettability and Geometry on Contact Electrification between Nonionic Insulators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42004-42014. [PMID: 37389550 PMCID: PMC10485807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrification is an interfacial process in which two surfaces exchange electrical charges when they are in contact with one another. Consequently, the surfaces may gain opposite polarity, inducing an electrostatic attraction. Therefore, this principle can be exploited to generate electricity, which has been precisely done in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) over the last decades. The details of the underlying mechanisms are still ill-understood, especially the influence of relative humidity (RH). Using the colloidal probe technique, we convincingly show that water plays an important role in the charge exchange process when two distinct insulators with different wettability are contacted and separated in <1 s at ambient conditions. The charging process is faster, and more charge is acquired with increasing relative humidity, also beyond RH = 40% (at which TENGs have their maximum power generation), due to the geometrical asymmetry (curved colloid surface vs planar substrate) introduced in the system. In addition, the charging time constant is determined, which is found to decrease with increasing relative humidity. Altogether, the current study adds to our understanding of how humidity levels affect the charging process between two solid surfaces, which is even enhanced up to RH = 90% as long as the curved surface is hydrophilic, paving the way for designing novel and more efficient TENGs, eco-energy harvesting devices which utilize water and solid charge interaction mechanism, self-powered sensors, and tribotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignaas S. M. Jimidar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of
Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Kwiecinski
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Roozendaal
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - E. Stefan Kooij
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han J. G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of
Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Alfano FO, Di Renzo A, Di Maio FP. Discrete Element Method Evaluation of Triboelectric Charging Due to Powder Handling in the Capsule of a DPI. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1762. [PMID: 37376210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation and accumulation of an electrostatic charge from handling pharmaceutical powders is a well-known phenomenon, given the insulating nature of most APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) and excipients. In capsule-based DPIs (Dry Powder Inhalers), the formulation is stored in a gelatine capsule placed in the inhaler just before inhalation. The action of capsule filling, as well as tumbling or vibration effects during the capsule life cycle, implies a consistent amount of particle-particle and particle-wall contacts. A significant contact-induced electrostatic charging can then take place, potentially affecting the inhaler's efficiency. DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations were performed on a carrier-based DPI formulation (salbutamol-lactose) to evaluate such effects. After performing a comparison with the experimental data on a carrier-only system under similar conditions, a detailed analysis was conducted on two carrier-API configurations with different API loadings per carrier particle. The charge acquired by the two solid phases was tracked in both the initial particle settling and the capsule shaking process. Alternating positive-negative charging was observed. Particle charging was then investigated in relation to the collision statistics, tracking the particle-particle and particle-wall events for the carrier and API. Finally, an analysis of the relative importance of electrostatic, cohesive/adhesive, and inertial forces allowed the importance of each term in determining the trajectory of the powder particles to be estimated.
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24
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Tao X, Fu S, Li S, Liu Z, Yang P, Liu C, Lin S, Zhang S, Chen X, Jian X, Wang ZL. Large and Tunable Ranking Shift in Triboelectric Series of Polymers by Introducing Phthalazinone Moieties. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201593. [PMID: 36895071 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the ranking of polymer in triboelectric series over a wide range is of great help for material's selection of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s (FPPEs) with tunable molecular structure and aggregate structure are synthesized by co-polycondensation, while the large positive ranking shift in the triboelectric series can be achieved by introducing phthalazinone moieties with strong electron donating capability. FPPE-5, which includes abundant phthalazinone moieties, is more positive than all of the previously reported triboelectric polymers. Hence, the regulating range of FPPEs in this work updates a new record in triboelectric series, which is wider than that of previous works. A peculiar crystallization behavior, capable of trapping and storing more electrons, has been observed in FPPE-2 with 25% phthalazinone moieties. Correspondingly, FPPE-2 is more negative than FPPE-1 without a phthalazinone moiety, which is an unexpected shift against the common changing tendency in triboelectric series. With FPPEs films as the probing material, a tactile TENG sensor is applied to enable material identification via electrical signal polarity. Hence, this study demonstrates a strategy to regulate the series of triboelectric polymers by copolymerization using monomers with distinct electrification capabilities, where both the monomer ratio and the peculiar nonlinear behavior can control triboelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shaokui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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25
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Turiničová V, Moško M, Ďurina P, Tofail SAM, Roch T, Gregor M. Measurement of Electric Charge in a Charged Hydroxyapatite Dielectric Using Pendant Drop. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7046-7056. [PMID: 37162149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple noninvasive measurement method which allows one to determine the trapped charge in a biocompatible hydroxyapatite dielectric is developed. The hydroxyapatite samples are charged by electron beam with energy 30 keV and total irradiated charge ranging from 2 × 10-9 C to 2 × 10-7 C. The value of the trapped charge is determined by analyzing the shape change of a liquid droplet hanging from a needle in proximity of the charged sample surface. The shape change of the pendant drop in the field of gravity is commonly utilized in the measurements of the surface free tension (SFT) of liquids. The external electric field leads to a further modification of the droplet shape and to an effective change of the SFT. The change of the SFT as a function of distance between the droplet and sample and the critical distance at which the droplet detaches from the needle are measured for various values of the irradiated charge. These two quantities are also derived theoretically by considering the trapped charge as a single fitting parameter. We can thus determine the trapped charge in two independent noninvasive ways. It is noteworthy that our method is easily implementable into the standard pendant drop setups. As a practical application of the method, a long-term charge stability of the charged hydroxyapatite is demonstrated, thus paving the way toward quantitative studies of its bioactivity in dependence on the value of the trapped charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Turiničová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 811 02, Slovakia
| | - Martin Moško
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 811 02, Slovakia
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Ďurina
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 811 02, Slovakia
| | - Syed A M Tofail
- Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Energy, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Tomáš Roch
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 811 02, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Gregor
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava 811 02, Slovakia
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26
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Battat S, Weitz DA, Whitesides GM. Melting of a macroscale binary Coulombic crystal. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3190-3198. [PMID: 37071446 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The question of melting has been addressed theoretically and experimentally for two-dimensional crystals in thermal equilibrium. However, as it pertains to out-of-equilibrium systems, the question is unresolved. Here, we present a platform to study the melting of a two-dimensional, binary Coulombic crystal composed of equal numbers of nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) beads that measure a couple of millimeters in diameter. The beads are tribocharged-nylon positively and PTFE negatively-and they experience long-range electrostatic interactions. They form a square crystal in which nylon and PTFE beads sit at alternating sites on a checkerboard lattice. We melt the crystal by agitating the dish in which it resides using an orbital shaker. We compare the melting behavior of the crystal without impurities to that of the crystal with impurities, where we use gold-coated nylon beads as impurities because they tribocharge negligibly. Our results reveal that impurities do not influence the melting of the crystal. Instead, the crystal undergoes shear-induced melting, beginning from its edges, due to its collisions with the dish. As a result of repetitive collisions, the beads acquire kinetic energy, undergo rearrangements, and become disordered. Unlike most examples of shear-induced melting, portions of the crystal remain locally ordered given the persistence of electrostatic interactions and the occurrence of some collisions that are favorable to ordering clusters of beads. Our work clarifies the melting behavior of sheared crystals whose constituents have persistent long-range interactions. It may prove valuable in determining the conditions under which such materials are immune to disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Battat
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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27
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Ma J, Krisnadi F, Vong MH, Kong M, Awartani OM, Dickey MD. Shaping a Soft Future: Patterning Liquid Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205196. [PMID: 36044678 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the unique techniques for patterning liquid metals containing gallium (e.g., eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn). These techniques are enabled by two unique attributes of these liquids relative to solid metals: 1) The fluidity of the metal allows it to be injected, sprayed, and generally dispensed. 2) The solid native oxide shell allows the metal to adhere to surfaces and be shaped in ways that would normally be prohibited due to surface tension. The ability to shape liquid metals into non-spherical structures such as wires, antennas, and electrodes can enable fluidic metallic conductors for stretchable electronics, soft robotics, e-skins, and wearables. The key properties of these metals with a focus on methods to pattern liquid metals into soft or stretchable devices are summari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Febby Krisnadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Man Hou Vong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Minsik Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Omar M Awartani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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28
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Zhang H, Sundaresan S, Webb MA. Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Nanoscale Hydrophobicity of Polymer Surfaces: What Makes Water Wet? J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37043668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of a polymer surface─related to its hydrophobicity or tendency to repel water─can be crucial for determining its utility, such as for a coating or a purification membrane. While wettability is commonly associated with the macroscopic measurement of a contact angle between surface, water, and air, the molecular physics that underlie these macroscopic observations are not fully known, and anticipating the relative behavior of different polymers is challenging. To address this gap in molecular-level understanding, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate and contrast interactions of water with six chemically distinct polymers: polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, poly(methyl methacrylate), Nylon-66, and poly(vinyl alcohol). We show that several prospective quantitative metrics for hydrophobicity agree well with experimental contact angles. Moreover, the behavior of water in proximity to these polymer surfaces can be distinguished with analysis of interfacial water dynamics, extent of hydrogen bonding, and molecular orientation─even when macroscopic measures of hydrophobicity are similar. The predominant factor dictating wettability is found to be the extent of hydrogen bonding between polymer and water, but the precise manifestation of hydrogen bonding and its impact on surface water structure varies. In the absence of hydrogen bonding, other molecular interactions and polymer mechanics control hydrophobic ordering. These results provide new insights into how polymer chemistry specifically impacts water-polymer interactions and translates to surface hydrophobicity. Such factors may facilitate the design or processing of polymer surfaces to achieve targeted wetting behavior, and presented analyses can be useful in studying the interfacial physics of other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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29
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A putative mechanism for capture of carbon dioxide by quartz, mediated by triboelectric charging. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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30
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Linarts A, Sherrell PC, Mālnieks K, Ellis AV, Šutka A. Electrospinning Triboelectric Laminates: A Pathway for Scaling Energy Harvesters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205563. [PMID: 36596644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new paradigm of triboelectric polymers-the triboelectric laminate-a volumetric material with electromechanical response comparable to the benchmark soft piezoelectric material polyvinylidene difluoride is reported. The electromechanical response in the triboelectric laminate arises from aligned dipoles, generated from the orientation of contact electrification in the laminates bulk volume. The dipoles form between sequential bilayers consisting of two different electrospun polymer fibers of different diameter. The loose interface between the fiber bilayers ensures friction and triboelectric charging between two polymers. The electric output from the electrospun triboelectric laminate increases with increasing density of the bilayers. This system design has clear benefits over other flexible devices for mechanical energy harvesting as it does not require any poling procedures, and the electromechanical response is stable over 24 h of continuous operation. Moreover, the electromechanically responsive electrospun laminate can be made from all types of polymers, thus providing ample room for further improvements or functionalities such as stretchability, biodegradability, or biocompatibility. The concept of a triboelectric laminate can be introduced into existing triboelectric nanogenerator form factors, to dramatically increase charge harvesting of a variety of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artis Linarts
- Institute of Technical Physics, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Kaspars Mālnieks
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical university, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Amanda V Ellis
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Andris Šutka
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical university, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
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31
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Grosjean G, Waitukaitis S. Single-Collision Statistics Reveal a Global Mechanism Driven by Sample History for Contact Electrification in Granular Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:098202. [PMID: 36930925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Models for same-material contact electrification in granular media often rely on a local charge-driving parameter whose spatial variations lead to a stochastic origin for charge exchange. Measuring the charge transfer from individual granular spheres after contacts with substrates of the same material, we find instead a "global" charging behavior, coherent over the sample's whole surface. Cleaning and baking samples fully resets charging magnitude and direction, which indicates the underlying global parameter is not intrinsic to the material, but acquired from its history. Charging behavior is randomly and irreversibly affected by changes in relative humidity, hinting at a mechanism where adsorbates, in particular, water, are fundamental to the charge-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galien Grosjean
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Lab Building West, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Scott Waitukaitis
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Lab Building West, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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32
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Hou J, Grace JR, Bi X. Effect of gas properties on particle charging and wall fouling in gas-solids fluidized beds. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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33
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Ekim S, Kaya GE, Daştemir M, Yildirim E, Baytekin HT, Baytekin B. Organic Charge Transfer Cocrystals as Additives for Dissipation of Contact Charges on Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56018-56026. [PMID: 36472348 PMCID: PMC9782351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Common polymers can accumulate surface charges through contact, a phenomenon known since ancient times. This charge accumulation can have detrimental consequences in industry. It causes accidents and yields enormous economic losses. Many empirical methods have been developed to prevent the problems caused by charge accumulation. However, a general chemical approach is still missing in the literature since the charge accumulation and discharging mechanisms have not been completely clarified. The current practice to achieve charge mitigation is to increase materials conductivity by high doping of conductive additives. A recent study showed that using photoexcitation of some organic dyes, charge decay can be started remotely, and the minute amount of additive does not change the material's conductivity. Here, we show the contact charging and charge decay behavior of polydimethylsiloxane doped with a series of organic charge transfer cocrystals (CTC) of TCNQ acceptor and substituted pyrene donors (CTC-PDMS). The results show that the CTC-PDMS are antistatic, and the discharging propensity of the composites follows the calculated charge transfer degree of the complexes. On the other hand, the CTC-PDMS are still insulators, as shown by their high surface resistivities. Kelvin probe force microscopy images of the contact-charged and discharged samples show a quick potential decay in CTC domains upon illumination. Combined with the fast overall decay observed, the antistatic behavior in these insulators can be attributed to an electron transfer between the mechanoions in the polymer and the CTC frontier orbitals. We believe our results will help with the general understanding of the molecular mechanism of contact charging and discharging and help develop insulator antistatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunay
Dilara Ekim
- UNAM
National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Görkem Eylül Kaya
- UNAM
National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Murat Daştemir
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Polymer
Science and Technology Program, Middle East
Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - H. Tarik Baytekin
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Polymer
Science and Technology Program, Middle East
Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Bilge Baytekin
- UNAM
National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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34
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Xu W, Jin Y, Li W, Song Y, Gao S, Zhang B, Wang L, Cui M, Yan X, Wang Z. Triboelectric wetting for continuous droplet transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2085. [PMID: 36542697 PMCID: PMC9770939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating liquid is of great significance in fields from life sciences to industrial applications. Owing to its advantages in manipulating liquids with high precision and flexibility, electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) has been widely used in various applications. Despite this, its efficient operation generally needs electrode arrays and sophisticated circuit control. Here, we develop a largely unexplored triboelectric wetting (TEW) phenomenon that can directly exploit the triboelectric charges to achieve the programmed and precise water droplet control. This key feature lies in the rational design of a chemical molecular layer that can generate and store triboelectric charges through agile triboelectrification. The TEW eliminates the requirement of the electric circuit design and additional source input and allows for manipulating liquids of various compositions, volumes, and arrays on various substrates in a controllable manner. This previously unexplored wetting mechanism and control strategy will find diverse applications ranging from controllable chemical reactions to surface defogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanghuai Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiantong Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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35
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Ge S, Huang Z, Sun J, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang Y. A mesh-scale Monte Carlo method for modeling triboelectric charging of chemically identical particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Experimental study of humidity influence on triboelectric charging of particle-laden duct flows. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Sotthewes K, Gardeniers HJGE, Desmet G, Jimidar ISM. Triboelectric Charging of Particles, an Ongoing Matter: From the Early Onset of Planet Formation to Assembling Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41828-41839. [PMID: 36440129 PMCID: PMC9685784 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectrification is the spontaneous charging of two bodies when released from contact. Even though its manifestation is commonplace, in for instance triboelectric nanogenerators, scientists find the tribocharging mechanism a mystery. The primary aim of this mini-review is to provide an overview of different tribocharging concepts that have been applied to study and realize the formation of ordered stable structures using different objects on various length scales. Relevance spans from materials to planet formations. Especially, dry assembly methods of particles of different shapes based on tribocharging to obtain crystal structures or monolayers are considered. In addition, the current technology employed to examine tribocharging in (semi)dry environments is discussed as well as the relevant forces playing a role in the assembly process. In brief, this mini-review is expected to provide a better understanding of tribocharging in assembling objects on the nano- and micrometer scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sotthewes
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AEEnschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han J. G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AEEnschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department
of Chemical Engineering CHIS, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Ignaas S. M. Jimidar
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AEEnschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical Engineering CHIS, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Brussels1050, Belgium
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38
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Slabov V, Vidal J, Zelenovskii P, Kopyl S, Soares dos Santos MP, Kholkin A. Triboelectric Generator Based on Oriented Self-Assembled Peptide Microbelts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3955. [PMID: 36432241 PMCID: PMC9697722 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Along with piezoelectric nanogenerators, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) collecting energy from mechanical vibrations proved to be simple, low-cost, and efficient sources of electricity for various applications. In view of possible biomedical applications, the search for TENGs made of biomolecular and biocompatible materials is demanding. Diphenylalanine (FF) microstructures are promising for these applications due to their unique characteristics and ability to form various morphologies (microribbons, spherical vesicles, fibrils, micro- and nanotubes, nanorods, etc.). In this work, we developed a contact-separate mode TENG based on arrays of oriented FF microbelts deposited by dip-coating technique and studied their performance under various temperature treatments. We show that these TENGs outperform piezoelectric nanogenerators based on FF microbelts in terms of short-circuit current (ISC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and output power. It was found that bound water captured in FF nanochannels mainly affects VOC, whereas mobile water increases ISC. We also found that the cyclization of FF molecules increases the performance of TENG likely due to an increase in surface energy and surface flattening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Slabov
- Department of Physics & CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Vidal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & TEMA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pavel Zelenovskii
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Svitlana Kopyl
- Department of Physics & CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Andrei Kholkin
- Department of Physics & CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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39
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Khodayeki S, Maftuhin W, Walter M. Force Dependent Barriers from Analytic Potentials within Elastic Environments. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200237. [PMID: 35703590 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bond rupture under the action of external forces is usually induced by temperature fluctuations, where the key quantity is the force dependent barrier that needs to be overcome. Using analytic potentials we find that these barriers are fully determined by the dissociation energy and the maximal force the potential can withstand. The barrier shows a simple dependence on these two quantities that allows for a re-interpretation of the Eyring-Zhurkov-Bell length Δ x ‡ and the expressions in theories going beyond that. It is shown that solely elastic environments do not change this barrier in contrast to the predictions of constraint geometry simulate external force (COGEF) strategies. The findings are confirmed by explicit calculations of bond rupture in a polydimethylsiloxane model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Khodayeki
- Freiburger Institut für Interaktive Materialien und Bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wafa Maftuhin
- Freiburger Institut für Interaktive Materialien und Bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Freiburger Institut für Interaktive Materialien und Bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT, Freiburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik, Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
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40
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Gaubert V, Vauche G, Weimmerskirch-Aubatin J, Corbier C, Boddaert X, Delattre R, Djenizian T. Toward autonomous wearable triboelectric systems integrated on textiles. iScience 2022; 25:105264. [PMCID: PMC9636050 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major requirements of smart textiles is to achieve the integration of an energy source for powering embedded electronic systems. In this context, textile triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) are particularly well suited to imperceptibly play this role in the core of textiles, making them highly appealing for the development of future autonomous systems. This article reviews the wide range of topics related to T-TENGs technology starting from triboelectric generation (textile device and behavior modeling) up to the complete integration of power transfer (rectifier) circuits on textiles. The modeling part deals with the current mathematical models of the triboelectric charge transfer in order to highlight efficient power transfer circuits. Then the materials and architectures used to fabricate different types of T-TENGs are described. Finally, the methods and technologies to seamlessly integrate the power transfer circuit into textiles are discussed: from realizing electrically conductive tracks through to integrating electronic component on textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gaubert
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Center of Microelectronics in Provence, Department of Flexible Electronics, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Gaëtan Vauche
- Saint-Etienne Jean Monnet University, Roanne Technology University Institute, University of Lyon, LASPI (EA3059), 42334 Roanne, France
| | | | - Christophe Corbier
- Saint-Etienne Jean Monnet University, Roanne Technology University Institute, University of Lyon, LASPI (EA3059), 42334 Roanne, France
| | - Xavier Boddaert
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Center of Microelectronics in Provence, Department of Flexible Electronics, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Roger Delattre
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Center of Microelectronics in Provence, Department of Flexible Electronics, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Thierry Djenizian
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Center of Microelectronics in Provence, Department of Flexible Electronics, 13541 Gardanne, France,Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Tole bi str., 96A., Almaty, Kazakhstan,Corresponding author
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41
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Lin S, Zhu L, Tang Z, Wang ZL. Spin-selected electron transfer in liquid-solid contact electrification. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5230. [PMID: 36064784 PMCID: PMC9445095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer has been proven the dominant charge carrier during contact electrification at the liquid-solid interface. However, the effect of electron spin in contact electrification remains to be investigated. This study examines the charge transfer between different liquids and ferrimagnetic solids in a magnetic field, focusing on the contribution of O2 molecules to the liquid-solid contact electrification. The findings reveal that magnetic fields promote electron transfer at the O2-containing liquid-solid interfaces. Moreover, magnetic field-induced electron transfer increases at higher O2 concentrations in the liquids and decreases at elevated temperatures. The results indicate spin-selected electron transfer at liquid-solid interface. External magnetic fields can modulate the spin conversion of the radical pairs at the O2-containing liquid and ferrimagnetic solid interfaces due to the Zeeman interaction, promoting electron transfer. A spin-selected electron transfer model for liquid-solid contact electrification is further proposed based on the radical pair mechanism, in which the HO2 molecules and the free unpaired electrons from the ferrimagnetic solids are considered radical pairs. The spin conversion of the [HO2• •e-] pairs is affected by magnetic fields, rendering the electron transfer magnetic field-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Lin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Laipan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China. .,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.
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42
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Ruan X, Li S. Effect of electrostatic interaction on impact breakage of agglomerates formed by charged dielectric particles. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034905. [PMID: 36266867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the prototypical process of the normal impact of dense agglomerates is investigated using the discrete element method-boundary element method coupled simulations. The agglomerate consists of 50 charged particles with the surface energy equal to 10mJ/m^{2}. The particles are assumed to be tribocharged and follow an exponential charge distribution, while the varying levels of coupled polarization are also considered. Simulation results reveal that the presence of the electrostatic interactions due to particle charging and polarization could drive more pronounced re-agglomeration after the collision, which effectively reduces the degree of agglomerate fragmentation. Moreover, when quantifying the collision outcomes using the fragmentation ratio, the influence of the electrostatic force is most significant at a moderate incident velocity. This is because, at such incident velocities, the impact is violent enough to break the agglomerate, but many ejected fragments are usually at low velocities and are attracted back by the long-range electrostatic force. Furthermore, the electrostatic force between same-sign particles even becomes attractive when particles are strongly polarized, leading to qualitative changes in particle dynamics. Finally, by comparing the collision outcomes under different incident velocities, the contact interactions are found to prevail when particles are still bounded in the agglomerate, while the electrostatic interaction becomes dominant after particles detach from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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43
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Corletto A, Ellis AV, Shepelin NA, Fronzi M, Winkler DA, Shapter JG, Sherrell PC. Energy Interplay in Materials: Unlocking Next-Generation Synchronous Multisource Energy Conversion with Layered 2D Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203849. [PMID: 35918607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Layered 2D crystals have unique properties and rich chemical and electronic diversity, with over 6000 2D crystals known and, in principle, millions of different stacked hybrid 2D crystals accessible. This diversity provides unique combinations of properties that can profoundly affect the future of energy conversion and harvesting devices. Notably, this includes catalysts, photovoltaics, superconductors, solar-fuel generators, and piezoelectric devices that will receive broad commercial uptake in the near future. However, the unique properties of layered 2D crystals are not limited to individual applications and they can achieve exceptional performance in multiple energy conversion applications synchronously. This synchronous multisource energy conversion (SMEC) has yet to be fully realized but offers a real game-changer in how devices will be produced and utilized in the future. This perspective highlights the energy interplay in materials and its impact on energy conversion, how SMEC devices can be realized, particularly through layered 2D crystals, and provides a vision of the future of effective environmental energy harvesting devices with layered 2D crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda V Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nick A Shepelin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fronzi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - David A Winkler
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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44
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Karimata A, Fayzullin RR, Khusnutdinova JR. Versatile Method of Generating Triboluminescence in Polymer Films Blended with Common Luminophores. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1028-1033. [PMID: 35905142 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a versatile method for the preparation of triboluminescent polymer films by physical blending with common luminophores. This method does not require the presence of a crystalline phase or the use of materials known to be triboluminescent. Emission is generated in response to friction of the polymer surface via triboelectrification, either by rubbing directly or through an inert coating layer, even with low applied stress (<0.1 MPa). Our findings offer a convenient and practical method of preparation of triboluminescent, amorphous polymer films with easily tunable emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Karimata
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Julia R Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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45
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Hou J, Liu X, Rahman MH, Li H, Sundaresan S, Grace JR, Bi X. Effect of gas properties and wall materials on particle charging in gas‐solid fluidized beds. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtian Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - M. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Haisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - John R. Grace
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Xiaotao Bi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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46
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Liu Z, Li S, Lin S, Shi Y, Yang P, Chen X, Wang ZL. Crystallization-Induced Shift in a Triboelectric Series and Even Polarity Reversal for Elastic Triboelectric Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4074-4082. [PMID: 35522039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can be a promising solution for the power supply of various flexible electronics. However, the detailed electrification mechanism of elastic triboelectric materials still needs to be clarified. In this work, we found crystallization behavior induced by strain and low temperature can lead to a shift in a triboelectric series for commonly used triboelectric elastomers and even reverse the triboelectric polarity. This effect is attributed to the notable rearrangement of surface electron cloud density happening along with the crystallization process of the molecular chain. This effect is significant with natural rubber, and silicone rubber can experience this effect at low temperature, which also leads to a shift in a triboelectric series, and an applied strain at low temperature can further enhance this shift. This study demonstrated that the electrification polarity of triboelectric materials should be re-evaluated under different strains and different temperatures, which provides a mechanism distinct from the general understanding of elastic triboelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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47
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Abstract
Triboelectricity has been known since antiquity, but the fundamental science underlying this phenomenon lacks consensus. We present a flexoelectric model for triboelectricity where contact deformation induced band bending at the nanoscale is the driving force for charge transfer. This framework is combined with first-principles and finite element calculations to explore charge transfer implications for different contact geometry and materials combinations. We demonstrate that our ab initio based formulation is compatible with existing empirical models and experimental observations including charge transfer between similar materials and size/pressure dependencies associated with triboelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Mizzi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Laurence D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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48
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Jimidar ISM, Sotthewes K, Gardeniers H, Desmet G, van der Meer D. Self-organization of agitated microspheres on various substrates. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3660-3677. [PMID: 35485633 PMCID: PMC9116155 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The vibration dynamics of relatively large granular grains is extensively treated in the literature, but comparable studies on the self-assembly of smaller agitated beads are lacking. In this work, we investigate how the particle properties and the properties of the underlying substrate surface affect the dynamics and self-organization of horizontally agitated monodisperse microspheres with diameters between 3 and 10 μm. Upon agitation, the agglomerated hydrophilic silica particles locally leave traces of particle monolayers as they move across the flat uncoated and fluorocarbon-coated silicon substrates. However, on the micromachined silicon tray with relatively large surface roughness, the agitated silica agglomerates form segregated bands reminiscent of earlier studies on granular suspensions or Faraday heaps. On the other hand, the less agglomerated hydrophobic polystyrene particles form densely occupied monolayer arrangements regardless of the underlying substrate. We explain the observations by considering the relevant adhesion and friction forces between particles and underlying substrates as well as those among the particles themselves. Interestingly, for both types of microspheres, large areas of the fluorocarbon-coated substrates are covered with densely occupied particle monolayers. By qualitatively examining the morphology of the self-organized particle monolayers using the Voronoi approach, it is understood that these monolayers are highly disordered, i.e., multiple symmetries coexist in the self-organized monolayers. However, more structured symmetries are identified in the monolayers of the agitated polystyrene microspheres on all the substrates, albeit not all precisely positioned on a hexagonal lattice. On the other hand, both the silica and polystyrene monolayers on the bare silicon substrates transition into less disordered structures as time progresses. Using Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements, we show that due to the tribocharging phenomenon, the formation of particle monolayers is promoted on the fluorocarbon surface, i.e., a local electrostatic attraction exists between the particle and the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignaas S M Jimidar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Devaraj van der Meer
- Physics of Fluids group, Max Plank Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, The Netherlands
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49
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Shi B. Inverse gas chromatography as a tool for screening materials: The relation between Lewis acid-base constants and triboelectric charge density of polymers. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463131. [PMID: 35617805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since Saint-Flour and Papirer first introduced Gutmann's acceptor number and donor number parameters into the inverse gas chromatography (IGC) field in 1982, IGC has become an important technology for the measurement of surface Lewis acid-base properties of solid materials. However, introducing new roles of Lewis acid-base parameters, especially using them to predict material properties rather than just explain material properties, is an important aspect in developing IGC technology. In this paper, we first introduce the Schultz and Abraham methods for measurement of acid-base properties and discuss the traditional role of acid-base parameters. Then, we present a relation between the ratio of acid-base constants, Ka/Kb, and triboelectric charge density of some polymers to prove the possible new application field of IGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
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50
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Yang J, Zhang L, Meda V, Nickerson M. Triboelectrostatic charging behavior of pulse particles in a vortex flow tribocharger. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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