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Sant'Anna TBF, Martins TLS, Dos Santos Carneiro MA, Teles SA, Caetano KAA, de Araujo NM. First Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype A5, and Characterization of Occult Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Related Mutations in Latin American and African Immigrants in Brazil. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8602. [PMID: 39201291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the molecular profile of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) among socially vulnerable immigrants residing in Brazil to investigate the introduction of uncommon HBV strains into the country. Serum samples from 102 immigrants with positive serology for the HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) were tested for the presence of HBV DNA by PCR assays. Among these, 24 were also positive for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). The full or partial genome was sequenced to determine genotype by phylogenetic analysis. Participants were from Haiti (79.4%), Guinea-Bissau (11.8%), Venezuela (7.8%), and Colombia (1%). Of the 21 HBV DNA-positive samples, subgenotypes A1 (52.4%), A5 (28.6%), E (9.5%), F2 (4.8%), and F3 (4.8%) were identified. Among the 78 HBsAg-negative participants, four were positive for HBV DNA, resulting in an occult HBV infection rate of 5.1%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that most strains were likely introduced to Brazil by migration. Importantly, 80% of A5 sequences had the A1762T/G1764A double mutation, linked to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. In conclusion, this study is the first report of HBV subgenotype A5 in Brazil, shedding new light on the diversity of HBV strains circulating in the country. Understanding the genetic diversity of HBV in immigrant communities can lead to better prevention and control strategies, benefiting both immigrants and wider society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Motta de Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Hu X, Li Y, Cao Y, Shi F, Shang L. The role of nitric oxide synthase/ nitric oxide in infection-related cancers: Beyond antimicrobial activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189156. [PMID: 39032540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
As a free radical and endogenous effector molecule, mammalian endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is mainly derived from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via L-arginine. NO participates in normal physiological reactions and provides immune responses to prevent the invasion of foreign bacteria. However, NO also has complex and contradictory biological effects. Abnormal NO signaling is involved in the progression of many diseases, such as cancer. In the past decades, cancer research has been closely linked with NOS/ NO, and many tumors with poor prognosis are associated with high expression of NOS. In this review, we give a overview of the biological effects of NOS/ NO. Then we focus on the oncogenic role of iNOS/ NO in HPV, HBV, EBV and H. pylori related tumors. In fact, there is growing evidence that iNOS could be used as a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. We emphasize that the pro-tumor effect of NOS/ NO is greater than the anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Li Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu X, Chen C, Zhang J, Zhang C, Wang G, Zhuang H, Zhao H. Dose-response relationship between serum N-glycan markers and liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10709-y. [PMID: 39017915 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of liver fibrosis played a monumental role in the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to explore the value of serum N-glycan markers in liver fibrosis. METHODS This multi-center (33 hospitals) study recruited 760 treatment-naïve CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy. Serum N-glycan markers were analyzed by DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted with capillary electrophoresis (DSA-FACE) technology. First, we explore the relationship between 12 serum N-glycan markers and the fibrosis stage. Then, we developed a Px score for diagnosing significant fibrosis using the LASSO regression. Next, we compared the diagnostic performances between Px, LSM, APRI, and FIB-4. Finally, we explored the relationships between glycosyltransferase gene and liver fibrosis with RNA-transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS We included 622 CHB participants: male-dominated (69.6%); median age 42.0 (IQR 34.0-50.0); 287 with normal ALT; 73.0% with significant fibrosis. P5(NA2), P8(NA3), and P10(NA4) were opposite to the degree of fibrosis, while other profiles (except for P0[NGA2]) increased with the degree of fibrosis. Seven profiles (P1[NGA2F], P2[NGA2FB], P3[NG1A2F], P4[NG1A2F], P7[NA2FB], P8[NA3], and P9[NA3Fb]) were selected into Px score. Px score was associated with an increased risk of significant fibrosis (for per Px score increase, the risk of significant fibrosis was increased by 3.54 times (OR = 4.54 [2.63-7.82]) in the fully-adjusted generalized linear model. p for trend was <0.001. The diagnostic performance of the Px score was superior to others. Glycosyltransferase genes were overexpressed in liver fibrosis, and glycosylation and glycosyltransferase-related pathways were significantly enriched. CONCLUSIONS Serum N-glycan markers were positively correlated with liver fibrosis. Px score had good performance in distinguishing significant fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xueen Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Sysdiagno (Nanjing) Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Sysdiagno (Nanjing) Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Sysdiagno (Nanjing) Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology & Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Tu T, Wettengel J, Xia Y, Testoni B, Littlejohn M, Le Bert N, Ebert G, Verrier ER, Tavis JE, Cohen C. Major open questions in the hepatitis B and D field - Proceedings of the inaugural International emerging hepatitis B and hepatitis D researchers workshop. Virology 2024; 595:110089. [PMID: 38640789 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The early and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) of scientific communities represent the forefront of research and the future direction in which a field takes. The opinions of this key demographic are not commonly aggregated to audit fields and precisely demonstrate where challenges lie for the future. To address this, we initiated the inaugural International Emerging Researchers Workshop for the global Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D scientific community (75 individuals). The cohort was split into small discussion groups and the significant problems, challenges, and future directions were assessed. Here, we summarise the outcome of these discussions and outline the future directions suggested by the EMCR community. We show an effective approach to gauging and accumulating the ideas of EMCRs and provide a succinct summary of the significant gaps remaining in the Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA; Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuchen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China; Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan, China
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon, France; Hepatology Institute of Lyon, France
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Infectious Disease, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi R Verrier
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, Institute for Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine and the Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Galasso L, Cerrito L, Maccauro V, Termite F, Mignini I, Esposto G, Borriello R, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7191. [PMID: 39000296 PMCID: PMC11241080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent among primary liver tumors (90%) and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. It develops usually in a chronically inflamed environment, ranging from compensatory parenchymal regeneration to fibrosis and cirrhosis: carcinogenesis can potentially happen in each of these stages. Inflammation determined by chronic viral infection (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis delta viruses) represents an important risk factor for HCC etiology through both viral direct damage and immune-related mechanisms. The deregulation of the physiological liver immunological network determined by viral infection can lead to carcinogenesis. The recent introduction of immunotherapy as the gold-standard first-line treatment for HCC highlights the role of the immune system and inflammation as a double-edged weapon in both HCC carcinogenesis and treatment. In this review we highlight how the inflammation is the key for the hepatocarcinogenesis in viral, alcohol and metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Galasso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Termite
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mignini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Esposto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Gao F, Li X, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Zhao Z, Bai G. Differences between Chronically Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Pregnant Women with and without Intrafamilial Infection: From Viral Gene Sequences to Clinical Manifestations. Intervirology 2024; 67:72-82. [PMID: 38934174 DOI: 10.1159/000539994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the differences between pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and intrafamilial infection and those without intrafamilial infection. METHODS HBV-DNA was extracted from the sera of 16 pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and their family members for gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 74 pregnant women with CHB were followed up from the second trimester to 3 months postpartum. Viral markers and other laboratory indicators were compared between pregnant women with CHB with and without intrafamilial infection. RESULTS The phylogenetic tree showed that HBV lines in the mother-spread pedigree shared a node, whereas there was an unrelated genetic background for HBV lines in individuals without intrafamilial infection. From delivery to 3 months postpartum, compared with those without intrafamilial infection, pregnant women with intrafamilial infection were related negatively to HBV-DNA (β = -0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.76 to -0.12, p = 0.009), HBeAg (β = -195.15, 95% CI: -366.35 to -23.96, p = 0.027), and hemoglobin changes (β = -8.09, 95% CI: -15.54 to -0.64, p = 0.035) and positively to changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (β = 73.9, 95% CI: 38.92-108.95, p < 0.001) and albumin (β = 2.73, 95% CI: 0.23-5.23, p = 0.033). CONCLUSION The mother-spread pedigree spread model differs from that of non-intrafamilial infections. Pregnant women with intrafamilial HBV infection have less hepatitis flares and liver damage, but their HBV-DNA and HBeAg levels rebound faster after delivery, than those without intrafamilial infection by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hankui Liu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrrics, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrrics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanju Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guiqin Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Gene Joint Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Allweiss L, Cohen C, Dias J, Fumagalli V, Guo H, Harris JM, Hu J, Iannacone M, Isogawa M, Jeng WJ, Kim KH, Kramvis A, Li W, Lucifora J, Muramatsu M, Neuveut C, Ploss A, Pollicino T, Protzer U, Tan A, Tanaka Y, Tu T, Tsukuda S, Thimme R, Urban S, Watashi K, Yuan Z, Yeh SH, McKeating JA, Revill PA. Highlights from the 2023 International Meeting on the Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B virus. J Gen Virol 2024; 105:001978. [PMID: 38757942 PMCID: PMC11258880 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1965, our understanding of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication cycle and host immune responses has increased markedly. In contrast, our knowledge of the molecular biology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which is associated with more severe liver disease, is less well understood. Despite the progress made, critical gaps remain in our knowledge of HBV and HDV replication and the mechanisms underlying viral persistence and evasion of host immunity. The International HBV Meeting is the leading annual scientific meeting for presenting the latest advances in HBV and HDV molecular virology, immunology, and epidemiology. In 2023, the annual scientific meeting was held in Kobe, Japan and this review summarises some of the advances presented at the Meeting and lists gaps in our knowledge that may facilitate the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- HBV2023
- Various- see supplementary material
| | - Lena Allweiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Joao Dias
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Juei Jeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Anna Kramvis Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Julie Lucifora
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Christine Neuveut
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anthony Tan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A. Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Dowaidar M. Uptake pathways of cell-penetrating peptides in the context of drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccine development. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111116. [PMID: 38408550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides have been extensively utilized for the purpose of facilitating the intracellular delivery of cargo that is impermeable to the cell membrane. The researchers have exhibited proficient delivery capabilities for oligonucleotides, thereby establishing cell-penetrating peptides as a potent instrument in the field of gene therapy. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a high level of efficiency in delivering several additional payloads. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) possess the capability to efficiently transport therapeutic molecules to specific cells, hence offering potential remedies for many illnesses. Hence, their utilization is imperative for the improvement of therapeutic vaccines. In contemporary studies, a plethora of cell-penetrating peptides have been unveiled, each characterized by its own distinct structural attributes and associated mechanisms. Although it is widely acknowledged that there are multiple pathways through which particles might be internalized, a comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms by which these particles enter cells has to be fully elucidated. The absorption of cell-penetrating peptides can occur through either direct translocation or endocytosis. However, it is worth noting that categories of cell-penetrating peptides are not commonly linked to specific entrance mechanisms. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) possess the capacity to enhance antigen uptake by cells and facilitate the traversal of various biological barriers. The primary objective of this work is to examine the mechanisms by which cell-penetrating peptides are internalized by cells and their significance in facilitating the administration of drugs, particularly in the context of gene therapy and vaccine development. The current study investigates the immunostimulatory properties of numerous vaccine components administered using different cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study encompassed a comprehensive discussion on various topics, including the uptake pathways and mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the utilization of CPPs as innovative vectors for gene therapy, the role of CPPs in vaccine development, and the potential of CPPs for antigen delivery in the context of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Sukowati CHC, Jayanti S, Turyadi T, Muljono DH, Tiribelli C. Hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Where we are now. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1097-1103. [PMID: 38660644 PMCID: PMC11037070 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes (A to I) and 1 putative genotype (J), each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the patient. This diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HBV-related HCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against HCC, related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host response. This Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the HCC and its precision medicine, in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilia H C Sukowati
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Turyadi Turyadi
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - David H Muljono
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Trieste 34149, Italy
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10
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Sun B, Andrades Valtueña A, Kocher A, Gao S, Li C, Fu S, Zhang F, Ma P, Yang X, Qiu Y, Zhang Q, Ma J, Chen S, Xiao X, Damchaabadgar S, Li F, Kovalev A, Hu C, Chen X, Wang L, Li W, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Krause J, Herbig A, Cui Y. Origin and dispersal history of Hepatitis B virus in Eastern Eurasia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2951. [PMID: 38580660 PMCID: PMC10997587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus is a globally distributed pathogen and the history of HBV infection in humans predates 10000 years. However, long-term evolutionary history of HBV in Eastern Eurasia remains elusive. We present 34 ancient HBV genomes dating between approximately 5000 to 400 years ago sourced from 17 sites across Eastern Eurasia. Ten sequences have full coverage, and only two sequences have less than 50% coverage. Our results suggest a potential origin of genotypes B and D in Eastern Asia. We observed a higher level of HBV diversity within Eastern Eurasia compared to Western Eurasia between 5000 and 3000 years ago, characterized by the presence of five different genotypes (A, B, C, D, WENBA), underscoring the significance of human migrations and interactions in the spread of HBV. Our results suggest the possibility of a transition from non-recombinant subgenotypes (B1, B5) to recombinant subgenotypes (B2 - B4). This suggests a shift in epidemiological dynamics within Eastern Eurasia over time. Here, our study elucidates the regional origins of prevalent genotypes and shifts in viral subgenotypes over centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Aida Andrades Valtueña
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Arthur Kocher
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Shizhu Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Quanchao Zhang
- School of archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jian Ma
- School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shan Chen
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | - Xiaoming Xiao
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | | | - Fajun Li
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Alexey Kovalev
- Department of archaeological heritage preservation, Institute of Archaeology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117292, Russia
| | - Chunbai Hu
- Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xianglong Chen
- Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Ürümqi, 830011, China
| | - Yawei Zhou
- School of History, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450066, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Yinqiu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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11
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Singh KP, Avihingsanon A, Zerbato JM, Zhao W, Braat S, Tennakoon S, Rhodes A, Matthews GV, Fairley CK, Sasadeusz J, Crane M, Audsley J, Lewin SR. Predictors of liver disease progression in people living with HIV-HBV co-infection on antiretroviral therapy. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105054. [PMID: 38518655 PMCID: PMC10966452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In people living with HIV-HBV, liver fibrosis progression can occur even with suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the relationship between liver fibrosis and biomarkers of inflammation, apoptosis, and microbial translocation. METHODS In this observational cohort study adults living with HIV-HBV already on effective ART were recruited in Australia and Thailand and followed for 3 years including 6 monthly clinical review and blood tests and annual transient elastography. Differences in clinical and laboratory predictors of liver fibrosis progression were tested followed by regression analysis adjusted for CD4+ T-cells at study entry. A linear mixed model was fitted to longitudinal data to explore changes over time. FINDINGS 67 participants (85% male, median age 49 y) were followed for 175 person-years. Median duration of ART was 10 years (interquartile range (IQR) 8-16 years). We found 11/59 (19%) participants during 3-years follow-up (6/100 person-years) met the primary endpoint of liver disease progression, defined as increased Metavir stage from baseline to final scan. In regression analysis, progressors compared to non-progressors had higher levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HGMB1), (median (IQR) 3.7 (2.6-5.0) and 2.4 ng/mL (1.5-3.4) respectively, adjusted relative risk 1.47, 95% CI [1.00, 2.17]) and lower nadir CD4+ T-cell percentage (median 4% (IQR 2-8) and 11% (4-15) respectively (relative risk 0.93, 95% CI [0.88, 0.98]). INTERPRETATION Progression in liver fibrosis occurs in people with HIV-HBV on suppressive ART. Fibrosis progression was associated with higher HMGB1 and lower percentage nadir CD4+ T-cell count, highlighting the importance of early initiation of HBV-active ART. FUNDING This work was supported by NHMRC project grant 1101836; NHMRC practitioner fellowship 1138581 and NHMRC program grant 1149990. The funder had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, writing of this manuscript or decision to submit for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasha P Singh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | | | - Jennifer M Zerbato
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sabine Braat
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3053, Australia; MISCH (Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical Health) research Hub, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Surekha Tennakoon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Ajantha Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Gail V Matthews
- Kirby Institute, UNSW, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Joe Sasadeusz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Megan Crane
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
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12
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Hanson J, Radlof S, Littlejohn M, Hempenstall A, Edwards R, Nakata Y, Gregson S, Hayes R, Smith S, McKinnon M, Binks P, Tong SYC, Davies J, Davis JS. Hepatitis B genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: correlation with clinical course and implications for management. Intern Med J 2024; 54:647-656. [PMID: 37548345 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in Far North Queensland (FNQ) is greater than twice that of the general Australian population. CHB is common in Torres Strait Islanders diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) - and in Aboriginals with HCC living in the Northern Territory - however, Aboriginals diagnosed with HCC in FNQ very rarely have CHB. The explanation for this apparent disparity is uncertain. AIMS To determine the HBV genotypes in the FNQ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and their correlation with clinical phenotype. METHODS We determined the HBV genotype of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with CHB in FNQ and correlated this with demographic and clinical findings. RESULTS 134/197 (68%) enrolled individuals had a sufficient viral load for genotyping. All 40 people with HBV/D genotype had Aboriginal heritage, whereas 85/93 (91%) with HBV/C had Torres Strait Islander heritage (P < 0.0001). Individuals with HBV/D were younger than those with HBV/C (median (interquartile range) age: 43 (39-48) vs 53 (42-66) years, P = 0.0002). However, they were less likely to be HBeAg positive (1/40 (3%) vs 23/93 (25%), P = 0.001). All three HCCs developed in Torres Strait Islanders; two-thirds were infected with HBV/C14; genotyping was not possible in the other individual. All 10 diagnoses of cirrhosis occurred in Torres Strait Islanders, 6/10 were infected with HBV/C14, genotyping was not possible in the other four individuals. CONCLUSIONS HBV genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in FNQ differ markedly, which could explain the significant differences in the clinical phenotype in the two populations and might be used to inform cost-effective CHB care in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Hanson
- Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sharna Radlof
- Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ros Edwards
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoko Nakata
- Torres and Cape Health and Hospital Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra Gregson
- Torres and Cape Health and Hospital Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Hayes
- Torres and Cape Health and Hospital Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Smith
- Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melita McKinnon
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Paula Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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13
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Huang F, Guo J, Zhao N, Hou M, Gai X, Yang S, Cai P, Wang Y, Ma Q, Zhao Q, Li L, Yang H, Jing Y, Jin D, Hu Z, Zha X, Wang H, Mao Y, Liu F, Zhang H. PTEN deficiency potentiates HBV-associated liver cancer development through augmented GP73/GOLM1. J Transl Med 2024; 22:254. [PMID: 38459588 PMCID: PMC10924424 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatic cancer, the majority of HBV carriers do not develop this lethal disease. Additional molecular alterations are thus implicated in the process of liver tumorigenesis. Since phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is decreased in approximately half of liver cancers, we investigated the significance of PTEN deficiency in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS HBV-positive human liver cancer tissues were checked for PTEN expression. Transgenic HBV, Alb-Cre and Ptenfl/fl mice were inter-crossed to generate WT, HBV, Pten-/- and HBV; Pten-/- mice. Immunoblotting, histological analysis and qRT-PCR were used to study these livers. Gp73-/- mice were then mated with HBV; Pten-/- mice to illustrate the role of hepatic tumor biomarker golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73)/ golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) in hepatic oncogenesis. RESULTS Pten deletion and HBV transgene synergistically aggravated liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis and development of mixed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). GP73 was augmented in HBV; Pten-/- livers. Knockout of GP73 blunted the synergistic effect of deficient Pten and transgenic HBV on liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis and cancer development. CONCLUSIONS This mixed HCC-ICC mouse model mimics liver cancer patients harboring HBV infection and PTEN/AKT signaling pathway alteration. Targeting GP73 is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients with HBV infection and PTEN alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaochen Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Di Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-Operation Laboratory On Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
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14
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Boglione L, Lupia T, Stroffolini G, Dodaro V, Perri GD. HBsAg kinetics after 7 years of therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in a cohort of naïve patients affected by chronic hepatitis B with different genotypes. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100087. [PMID: 38450105 PMCID: PMC10915551 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The role of different genotypes in nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) treatment is still debated. Previous studies conducted on special populations evidenced that the E genotype had the lower virological and serological response. This descriptive study aims to recognize the hepatitis B "s" antigen (HBsAg) decline during tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment in a cohort of patient affected by chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We retrospectively included all patients with CHB treated with TDF between April 2007 and March 2012 with a duration of treatment of 7 years. Kinetics of HBsAg was determined as serological response in this cohort. We include 110 subjects; virological response was observed in all subjects with genotypes A, B, and D; in 17 patients with C genotype (94.4%) and 24 with E genotype (96%). HBeAg loss was observed in 2 patients with genotype A (50%), 3 with B (100%), 0 with C (0%), 1 with D (20%), and 1 with E genotype (25%). In multivariate analysis we observed as predictive factors of HBsAg decline the baseline level of HBsAg (OR = 1.467; 95%CI: 1.221-5.113; p = 0.017) and viral genotypes (OR = 11.218; 95%CI: 5.441-41.138; p < 0.001). This study confirmed higher HBsAg decline after 7 years of treatment in A and B genotypes, and lower in C, E, and D genotypes. However, no evidence is enough to choose a single NAs, but in special populations, as well as in genotype E, the use of TDF should be preferred to entecavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Boglione
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lupia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10138 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Stroffolini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10138 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Dodaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10138 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10138 Turin, Italy
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15
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Potter BI, Thijssen M, Trovão NS, Pineda-Peña A, Reynders M, Mina T, Alvarez C, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Nevens F, Maes P, Lemey P, Van Ranst M, Baele G, Pourkarim MR. Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae009. [PMID: 38361827 PMCID: PMC10868554 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 296 million chronic cases of hepatitis B, and roughly 880,000 deaths annually. The global burden of HBV is distributed unevenly, largely owing to the heterogeneous geographic distribution of its subtypes, each of which demonstrates different severity and responsiveness to antiviral therapy. It is therefore crucial to the global public health response to HBV that the spatiotemporal spread of each genotype is well characterized. In this study, we describe a collection of 133 newly sequenced HBV strains from recent African immigrants upon their arrival in Belgium. We incorporate these sequences-all of which we determine to come from genotypes A, D, and E-into a large-scale phylogeographic study with genomes sampled across the globe. We focus on investigating the spatio-temporal processes shaping the evolutionary history of the three genotypes we observe. We incorporate several recently published ancient HBV genomes for genotypes A and D to aid our analysis. We show that different spatio-temporal processes underlie the A, D, and E genotypes with the former two having originated in southeastern Asia, after which they spread across the world. The HBV E genotype is estimated to have originated in Africa, after which it spread to Europe and the Americas. Our results highlight the use of phylogeographic reconstruction as a tool to understand the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of HBV, and highlight the importance of supporting vulnerable populations in accordance with the needs presented by specific HBV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney I Potter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Nídia Sequeira Trovão
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andrea Pineda-Peña
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Portugal Rua da Junqueira No 100, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC); Faculty of Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Avenida 50 No. 26-20, Bogota 0609, Colombia
| | - Marijke Reynders
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, Bruges B-8000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Mina
- Nonis Lab Microbiology—Virology Unit, Gregori Afxentiou 5, Limassol 4003, Cyprus
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee
- Cellular Sciences Department, Process Virology, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
- Health Policy Research Centre, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Hemmat Exp.Way, Tehran 14665-1157, Iran
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16
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Zhang H, Tu T. Targeting Hepatitis B Virus DNA Using Designer Gene Editors. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:895-916. [PMID: 37778776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious disease that currently has no cure. Key forms of HBV include covalently closed circular DNA, which mediates chronic persistence, and integrated DNA, which contributes to immune evasion and carcinogenesis. These forms are not targeted by current therapies; however, gene editing technologies have emerged as promising tools for disrupting HBV DNA. Gene editor-induced double-stranded breaks at precise locations within the HBV genome can induce effects ranging from inactivation of target genes to complete degradation of the target genome. Although promising, several challenges remain in efficacy and safety that require solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zhang
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney School of Medicine and Health, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Thomas Tu
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney School of Medicine and Health, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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17
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Tu T, Ajoyan H, George J. Novel Assays to Solve the Clinical and Scientific Challenges of Chronic Hepatitis B. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:837-855. [PMID: 37778773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Hepatitis B is a common, incurable, and deadly infection. Despite inexpensive laboratory tests for diagnosis and management that have been established for decades, the worldwide rate of diagnosis is only ∼10%, and ∼5% of people are under treatment. Novel assays have been developed to improve linkage to care by providing more flexible approaches to determine a patient's health status. Other assays have been established to better investigate intrahepatic host-virus interactions to support clinical trials for cure research. This review outlines the clinical and scientific challenges still to be solved and the upcoming methods used to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Harout Ajoyan
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Paul SS, Patwa SM, Tan YJ. Development of monoclonal antibodies to target the large surface protein of hepatitis B virus and their use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:870-878. [PMID: 37525419 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Over 250 million people are living with chronic infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV has three surface proteins, namely small (SHBs), medium (MHBs) and large (LHBs), and they play different roles in the virus life cycle. The approved hepatitis B vaccine only contains the SHBs protein and many studies have focused on characterising the functional domains in SHBs. Although the LHBs protein is less studied, recent studies have shown that it plays important roles in mediating viral entry, replication and assembly. Over the years, there have been major advancements in monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery tools and multiple mAbs have been developed to specifically target the preS1 domain in LHBs. We summarise the HBV infection systems and antibody discovery strategies that have been utilised by various research groups to assess the potential use of anti-preS1 mAbs as therapeutic antibodies against HBV or in the development of new diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Som Mohanlal Patwa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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19
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Panduro A, Roman S, Laguna-Meraz S, Jose-Abrego A. Hepatitis B Virus Genotype H: Epidemiological, Molecular, and Clinical Characteristics in Mexico. Viruses 2023; 15:2186. [PMID: 38005864 PMCID: PMC10675821 DOI: 10.3390/v15112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV), comprising of ten genotypes (A-J), has been a silent threat against humanity, constituting a public health problem worldwide. In 2016, the World Health Organization set forth an impressive initiative for the global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. As the target date approaches, many nations, particularly in the Latin American region, face challenges in designing and implementing their respective elimination plan. This review aimed to portray the state of knowledge about the epidemiological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of HBV genotype H (HBV/H), endemic to Mexico. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to compile scientific literature over 50 years (1970-2022). A total of 91 articles were organized into thematic categories, addressing essential aspects such as epidemiological data, risk factors, HBV genotype distribution, HBV mixed infections, clinical characteristics, and vaccination. The prevalence and its associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using the Metafor package in R programming language (version 4.1.2). We provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses in diagnostics and prevention measures that explain the current epidemiological profile of HBV/H. Training, research, and awareness actions are required to control HBV infections in Mexico. These actions should contribute to creating more specific clinical practice guides according to the region's characteristics. Mexico's elimination plan for HBV will require teamwork among the government health administration, researchers, physicians, specialists, and civil society advocates to overcome this task jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Panduro
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.L.-M.); (A.J.-A.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.L.-M.); (A.J.-A.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Saul Laguna-Meraz
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.L.-M.); (A.J.-A.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alexis Jose-Abrego
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.L.-M.); (A.J.-A.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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20
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Marchio A, Sitbounlang P, Deharo E, Paboriboune P, Pineau P. Concealed for a Long Time on the Marches of Empires: Hepatitis B Virus Genotype I. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2204. [PMID: 37764048 PMCID: PMC10535388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotype I, the penultimate HBV genotype to date, was granted the status of a bona fide genotype only in the XXIst century after some hesitations. The reason for these hesitations was that genotype I is a complex recombinant virus formed with segments from three original genotypes, A, C, and G. It was estimated that genotype I is responsible for only an infinitesimal fraction (<1.0%) of the chronic HBV infection burden worldwide. Furthermore, most probably due to its recent discovery and rarity, the natural history of infection with genotype I is poorly known in comparison with those of genotypes B or C that predominate in their area of circulation. Overall, genotype I is a minor genotype infecting ethnic minorities. It is endemic to the Southeast Asian Massif or Eastern Zomia, a vast mountainous or hilly region of 2.5 million km2 spreading from Eastern India to China, inhabited by a little more than 100 million persons belonging primarily to ethnic minorities speaking various types of languages (Tibeto-Burman, Austroasiatic, and Tai-Kadai) who managed to escape the authority of central states during historical times. Genotype I consists of two subtypes: I1, present in China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam; and I2, encountered in India, Laos, and Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Marchio
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité “Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse”, INSERM U993, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Philavanh Sitbounlang
- Centre d’Infectiologie Lao-Christophe Mérieux (CILM), Vientiane 3888, Laos; (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Eric Deharo
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Phimpha Paboriboune
- Centre d’Infectiologie Lao-Christophe Mérieux (CILM), Vientiane 3888, Laos; (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité “Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse”, INSERM U993, 75015 Paris, France;
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21
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Abe H, Ushijima Y, Bikangui R, Ondo GN, Pemba CM, Zadeh VR, Mpingabo PI, Ueda H, Agnandji ST, Lell B, Yasuda J. Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Revealed by Continuous Surveillance from 2015 to 2021 in Gabon, Central Africa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2046. [PMID: 37630606 PMCID: PMC10458803 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis remains one of the largest public health concerns worldwide. Especially in Central Africa, information on hepatitis virus infections has been limited, although the prevalence in this region has been reported to be higher than the global average. To reveal the current status of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections and the genetic diversity of the viruses, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in Gabon. We detected 22 HBV and 9 HCV infections in 2047 patients with febrile illness. Genetic analyses of HBV identified subgenotype A1 for the first time in Gabon and an insertion generating a frameshift to create an X-preC/C fusion protein. We also revealed that most of the detected HCVs belonged to the "Gabon-specific" HCV subtype 4e (HCV-4e), and the entire nucleotide sequence of the HCV-4e polyprotein was determined to establish the first reference sequence. The HCV-4e strains possessed resistance-associated substitutions similar to those of other HCV-4 strains, indicating that the use of direct-acting antiviral therapy may be complex. These results provide a better understanding of the current situation of hepatitis B and C virus infections in Central Africa and will help public health organizations develop effective countermeasures to eliminate chronic viral hepatitis in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Abe
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.A.); (C.M.P.); (V.R.Z.); (P.I.M.); (H.U.)
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuri Ushijima
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Division of Biomedical Science, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Rodrigue Bikangui
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP. 242, Gabon; (R.B.); (G.N.O.); (S.T.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Georgelin Nguema Ondo
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP. 242, Gabon; (R.B.); (G.N.O.); (S.T.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Christelle M. Pemba
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.A.); (C.M.P.); (V.R.Z.); (P.I.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Vahid R. Zadeh
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.A.); (C.M.P.); (V.R.Z.); (P.I.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Patrick I. Mpingabo
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.A.); (C.M.P.); (V.R.Z.); (P.I.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Hayato Ueda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.A.); (C.M.P.); (V.R.Z.); (P.I.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Selidji T. Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP. 242, Gabon; (R.B.); (G.N.O.); (S.T.A.); (B.L.)
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP. 242, Gabon; (R.B.); (G.N.O.); (S.T.A.); (B.L.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.A.); (C.M.P.); (V.R.Z.); (P.I.M.); (H.U.)
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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22
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Guo M, Zhao L, Jiang C, Jia CC, Liu H, Zhou W, Songyang Z, Xiong Y. Multiomics analyses reveal pathological mechanisms of HBV infection and integration in liver cancer. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28980. [PMID: 37522289 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and integration are important for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression, while disease mechanisms are still largely elusive. Here, we combined bulk and single-cell sequencing technologies to tackle the disease mechanisms of HBV-related HCC. We observed high HBV mutation rate and diversity only in tumors without HBV integration. We identified human somatic risk loci for HBV integration (VIMs). Transcription factors (TFs) enriched in VIMs were involved in DNA repair and androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Aberration of AR signaling was further observed by single-cell regulon analysis in HBV-infected hepatocytes, which showed remarkable interactions between AR and the complement system that, together with the X-linked ZXDB regulon that contains albumin (ALB), probably contribute to HCC male predominance. Complement system dysregulation caused by HBV infection was further confirmed by analyses of single-cell copy numbers and cell-cell communications. Finally, HBV infection-associated immune cells presented critical defects, including TXNIP in T cells, TYROBP in NK cells, and the X-linked TIMP1 in monocytes. We further experimentally validated our findings in multiple independent patient cohorts. Collectively, our work shed light on the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC and other liver diseases that affect billions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghao Zhao
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Chang Jia
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Ahmadi MH, Sharifi Z, Ghasemi A, Abbasian S. Occult hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors, an overview of the challenges: A narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1466. [PMID: 37529253 PMCID: PMC10388709 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a transfusion-transmitted infection. Although, screening the hepatitis B virus among blood donors can play an important role in increasing the health of blood products, OBI screening in blood transfusion centers is still a challenge. This review study aimed to appraise the challenges of OBI screening and its associated do's and don'ts in blood transfusion centers. Methods In this review study, a search was conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Irandoc, and Magiran from January 1996 to December 2020. Also, cross-sectional studies that determined the prevalence of OBI or anti-HBc were included in the study. In addition, studies with incomplete data on the prevalence of OBI were excluded. Results The prevalence of OBI varies among Iranian blood donors. The rates reported by blood transfusion centers of Mashhad, Ahvaz, and Tehran were 0%, and Isfahan, Shiraz, and Kerman were 0.9%, 0.08%, and 2.36%, respectively. In areas with high prevalence of hepatitis B virus, OBI screening only by anti-HBc test led to the exemption of blood donors from donating blood. Avoiding OBI screening also effected the risk of virus transmission to blood recipients. Plasma products had a higher risk (85%) of virus transmission. Conclusions Determining an appropriate screening strategy based on prevalence status, the cost-effectiveness of screening tests, and the policies of each blood transfusion center is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation SciencesMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research CenterHigh Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineTehranIran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Departemant of Biochemistry and HematologyFaculty of Medicine Semnan University of Medical ScienceSemnanIran
| | - Sadegh Abbasian
- Student Research CommitteeIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
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24
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Ge S, Xia N, Yuan Q. Hepatitis B Core Antibody Level: A Surrogate Marker for Host Antiviral Immunity in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051111. [PMID: 37243197 DOI: 10.3390/v15051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus core protein (HBcAg) is a highly immunogenic particulate antigen. Nearly all patients with persistent or resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection show seropositivity for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), which appears in the early stage of infection and is mostly present for life. Traditionally, the anti-HBc is regarded as an evidential serological marker of HBV infections. In the last ten years, several studies revealed the predictive value of quantitative anti-HBc (qAnti-HBc) level in the treatment response and clinical outcome of chronic HBV infections, implying new insights into this classic marker. Overall, qAnti-HBc should be regarded as an indicator of the host's immune response specific to HBV, which correlates with HBV-related hepatitis activity and liver pathology. This review summarized the latest understanding of the clinical values of qAnti-HBc for differentiating the CHB phase, predicting treatment response, and providing disease prognosis. Moreover, we also discussed the possible mechanism of qAnti-HBc regulation during different courses of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
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25
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Bhat S, Ahanger IA, Kazim SN. Forthcoming Developments in Models to Study the Hepatitis B Virus Replication Cycle, Pathogenesis, and Pharmacological Advancements. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14273-14289. [PMID: 37125123 PMCID: PMC10134252 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are all manifestations of chronic hepatitis B. Its pathogenesis and molecular mechanism remain mysterious. As medical science progresses, different models are being used to study the disease from the physiological and molecular levels. Animal models have played an unprecedented role in achieving in-depth knowledge of the disease while posing no risk of harming humans throughout the study. The scarcity of acceptable animal models has slowed progress in hepatitis B virus (HBV) research and preclinical testing of antiviral medicines since HBV has a narrow species tropism and exclusively infects humans and higher primates. The development of human chimeric mice was supported by a better understanding of the obstacles to interspecies transmission, which has substantially opened the way for HBV research in vivo and the evaluation of possible chronic hepatitis B therapeutics. Animal models are cumbersome to handle, not accessible, and expensive. Hence, it is herculean to investigate the HBV replication cycle in animal models. Therefore, it becomes essential to build a splendid in vitro cell culture system to demonstrate the mechanisms attained by the HBV for its multiplication and sustenance. We also addressed the advantages and caveats associated with different models in examining HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad
Ahmad Bhat
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Clinical
Biochemistry University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Phone: +91 9953621758.
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26
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Sant'Anna TB, Araujo NM. Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D: An Overview of Molecular Epidemiology, Evolutionary History, and Clinical Characteristics. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1101. [PMID: 37317074 PMCID: PMC10221421 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D (HBV/D) is the most extensively distributed genotype worldwide with distinct molecular and epidemiological features. This report provides an up-to-date review on the history of HBV/D subgenotyping and misclassifications, along with large-scale analysis of over 1000 HBV/D complete genome sequences, with the aim of gaining a thorough understanding of the global prevalence and geographic distribution of HBV/D subgenotypes. We have additionally explored recent paleogenomic findings, which facilitated the detection of HBV/D genomes dating back to the late Iron Age and provided new perspectives on the origins of modern HBV/D strains. Finally, reports on distinct disease outcomes and responses to antiviral therapy among HBV/D subgenotypes are discussed, further highlighting the complexity of this genotype and the importance of HBV subgenotyping in the management and treatment of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís B Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
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Wu Z(E, Xu D, Hu PJH, Huang TS. A hierarchical multilabel graph attention network method to predict the deterioration paths of chronic hepatitis B patients. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:846-858. [PMID: 36794643 PMCID: PMC10114116 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimating the deterioration paths of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is critical for physicians' decisions and patient management. A novel, hierarchical multilabel graph attention-based method aims to predict patient deterioration paths more effectively. Applied to a CHB patient data set, it offers strong predictive utilities and clinical value. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proposed method incorporates patients' responses to medications, diagnosis event sequences, and outcome dependencies to estimate deterioration paths. From the electronic health records maintained by a major healthcare organization in Taiwan, we collect clinical data about 177 959 patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus infection. We use this sample to evaluate the proposed method's predictive efficacy relative to 9 existing methods, as measured by precision, recall, F-measure, and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS We use 20% of the sample as holdouts to test each method's prediction performance. The results indicate that our method consistently and significantly outperforms all benchmark methods. It attains the highest AUC, with a 4.8% improvement over the best-performing benchmark, as well as 20.9% and 11.4% improvements in precision and F-measures, respectively. The comparative results demonstrate that our method is more effective for predicting CHB patients' deterioration paths than existing predictive methods. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The proposed method underscores the value of patient-medication interactions, temporal sequential patterns of distinct diagnosis, and patient outcome dependencies for capturing dynamics that underpin patient deterioration over time. Its efficacious estimates grant physicians a more holistic view of patient progressions and can enhance their clinical decision-making and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian (Eric) Wu
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Information Systems, College of Business, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Paul Jen-Hwa Hu
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ting-Shuo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
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Khalesi Z, Razizadeh MH, Javadi M, Bahavar A, Keyvanlou Z, Saadati H, Letafati A, Khatami A, Kachooei A, Khales P, Alborzi E, Hosseini M, Tambrchi V, Jafari Maskouni E, Taheri N, Zafarani A, Motlaghzadeh S, Dehghani H, Shalpoush N, Masoudi A, Noorafaz M, Habib Z, Zarei M, Kiani SJ, Ghorbani S. Global epidemiology of HBV infection among hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106080. [PMID: 36948364 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hemodialysis (HD) is a life-saving procedure that purifies the blood in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Among all major complications, blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be exposed as serious side effects of hemodialysis. A comprehensive review of the global burden of HBV among HD patients has not been written so far. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the globally epidemiology of HBV infection among HD patients. METHODS Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, articles that investigated the prevalence of HBV among HD patients were searched from the major databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science collection, and Scopus. Pooled prevalence with 95% CI and identification of heterogeneity were obtained using the random effects model and Cochran's Q-test, respectively, and quantification was evaluated using the I2 statistics. All statistical analyses were performed by STATA 14.1 statistical software. RESULTS among 322 datasets (795,623 cases) that included in this study, the pooled prevalence of HBV infection among HD patients was 7.32% (95% CI: 6.53-8.15%; I2 = 97.91%), including 7.57% (95% CI: 6.69-8.48%) for HBsAg and 6.09% (95% CI: 4.05-8.49%) for DNA, respectively. In addition, based on geographic area, the prevalence was 7.44% (95% CI: 6.35-8.61%) in Asia, 4.32% (95% CI: 2.21-7.04%) in North America, 7.07% (95% CI: 6.35-8.61%) in Europe, 5.52% (95% CI: 3.60-7.78%) in Africa, 8.45% (95% CI: 5.81-11.78%) in Oceania, and 9.73% (95% CI: 7.11-12.70%) in South America. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates a relatively high prevalence of HBV infection in HD patients, even in some developed countries. Considering that ESRD patients are not able to properly respond to the vaccination strategies in order to develop an acceptable immunity, vaccination of healthy individuals is highly recommended to arm their bodies for possible immunocompromise conditions in the future. Moreover, donated blood in blood transfusion centers should be checked for possible hepatitis B virus infection using sensitive molecular tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khalesi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Javadi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Bahavar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Keyvanlou
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alborzi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hosseini
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Tambrchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari Maskouni
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Taheri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Motlaghzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - Nadia Shalpoush
- Biology Cellular and Molecular Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Medical University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Marzieh Noorafaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Habib
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Emerging Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B and the Potential for a Functional Cure. Drugs 2023; 83:367-388. [PMID: 36906663 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, an estimated 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Current therapy with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and indefinite or finite therapy with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (Nucs) are effective in HBV suppression, hepatitis resolution, and prevention of disease progression. However, few achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss (functional cure), and relapse often occurs after the end of therapy (EOT) because these agents have no direct effect on durable template: covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated HBV DNA. Hepatitis B surface antigen loss rate increases slightly by adding or switching to Peg-IFN in Nuc-treated patients and this loss rate greatly increases up to 39% in 5 years with finite Nuc therapy with currently available Nuc(s). For this, great effort has been made to develop novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and immunomodulators. Among the DAAs, entry inhibitors and capsid assembly modulators have little effect on reducing HBsAg levels; small interfering RNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and nucleic acid polymers in combination with Peg-IFN and Nuc may reduce HBsAg levels significantly, even a rate of HBsAg loss sustained for > 24 weeks after EOT up to 40%. Novel immunomodulators, including T-cell receptor agonists, check-point inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies may restore HBV-specific T-cell response but not sustained HBsAg loss. The safety issues and the durability of HBsAg loss warrant further investigation. Combining agents of different classes has the potential to enhance HBsAg loss. Compounds directly targeting cccDNA would be more effective but are still in the early stage of development. More effort is required to achieve this goal.
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A novel subgenotype I3 of hepatitis B virus in Guangxi, China: a 15-year follow-up study. Virus Genes 2023; 59:359-369. [PMID: 36841897 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Genotype I of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was proposed recently following sequencing of complete HBV genomes from Vietnam and Laos. However, its long-term molecular evolution is unknown. The objectives of this study were to study the molecular evolution of this genotype from an asymptomatic HBsAg carrier from the Long An cohort over a 15-year period was studied using both NGS and clone-based sequencing. The number of complete genome sequences obtained in 2004, 2007, 2013, and 2019 are 17, 20, 19, and 10, respectively. All strains belong to subgenotype I1, except for six (five from 2007 and one from 2019) and 8 further strains from 2007 which form a cluster branching out from other subgenotype I sequences, supported by a 100% bootstrap value. Based on complete genome sequences, all of the estimated intragroup nucleotide divergence values between these strains and HBV subgenotypes I1-I2 exceed 4%. These strains are recombinants between genotype I1 and subgenotype C but the breakpoints vary. The median intrahost viral evolutionary rate in this carrier was 3.88E-4 substitutions per site per year. The Shannon entropy (Sn) ranged from 0.55 to 0.88 and the genetic diversity, D, ranged from 0.0022 to 0.0041. In conclusion, our data provide evidence of novel subgenotypes. Considering that the 8 strains disappeared after 2007, while one of the 6 strains appears again in 2019, we propose these 6 strains as a new subgenotype, provisionally designated HBV subgenotype I3 and the 8 strains as aberrant genotype.
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Saeed U, Piracha ZZ. PIN1 and PIN4 inhibition via parvulin impeders Juglone, PiB, ATRA, 6,7,4'-THIF, KPT6566, and EGCG thwarted hepatitis B virus replication. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:921653. [PMID: 36760500 PMCID: PMC9905731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.921653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human parvulin peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases PIN1 and PIN4 play important roles in cell cycle progression, DNA binding, protein folding and chromatin remodeling, ribosome biogenesis, and tubulin polymerization. In this article, we found that endogenous PIN1 and PIN4 were upregulated in selected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Methods In this study, we inhibited PIN1 and PIN4 via parvulin inhibitors (Juglone, PiB, ATRA, 6,7,4'-THIF, KPT6566, and EGCG). The native agarose gel electrophoresis (NAGE) immunoblotting analysis revealed that upon PIN1 and/ or PIN4 inhibition, the HBc protein expression and core particle or capsid synthesis reduced remarkably. The effects of PIN4 inhibition on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication were more pronounced as compared to that of PIN1. The Northern and Southern blotting revealed reduced HBV RNA and DNA levels. Results During the HBV course of infection, Juglone, PiB, ATRA, 6,7,4'-THIF, KPT6566, and EGCG-mediated inhibition of PIN1 and PIN4 significantly lowered HBV transcriptional activities without affecting total levels of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Similar to the inhibitory effects of PIN1 and PIN4 on HBV replication, the knockdown of PIN1 and PIN4 in HBV infection cells revealed significantly reduced amounts of intracellular HBc, HBs, HBV pgRNA, SmRNAs, core particles, and HBV DNA synthesis. Similarly, PIN1 and PIN4 KD abrogated extracellular virion release, naked capsid levels, and HBV DNA levels. In comparison with PIN1 KD, the PIN4 KD showed reduced HBc and/or core particle stabilities, indicating that PIN4 is more critically involved in HBV replication. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that in contrast to DNA binding PIN4 proteins, the PIN1 did not show binding to cccDNA. Similarly, upon PIN1 KD, the HBc recruitment to cccDNA remained unaffected. However, PIN4 KD significantly abrogated PIN4 binding to cccDNA, followed by HBc recruitment to cccDNA and restricted HBV transcriptional activities. These effects were more pronounced in PIN4 KD cells upon drug treatment in HBV-infected cells. Conclusion The comparative analysis revealed that in contrast to PIN1, PIN4 is more critically involved in enhancing HBV replication. Thus, PIN1 and PIN4 inhibition or knockdown might be novel therapeutic targets to suppress HBV infection. targets to suppress HBV infection.
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Zhang Q, Niu S, Yang L, Zhu B, Shi K, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Bi Y, Mu Y, Wang X. A novel prognostic model for predicting the risk of first variceal hemorrhage in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1062172. [PMID: 36733609 PMCID: PMC9886685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1062172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Variceal hemorrhage (VH) is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis. An accurate VH risk evaluation is critical to determine appropriate prevention strategies. We aimed to develop an individualized prediction model to predict the risk of first VH in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhotic patients. Methods A nomogram was developed based on a retrospective analysis of 527 consecutive HBV-related cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices (GEVs). The nomogram evaluation was performed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The results were verified using an external cohort (n = 187). Results We developed a nomogram based on clinical and endoscopic features, including the size of varices, red wale marks, ascites, spleen thickness, γ-glutamyltransferase, and hematocrit. The C-index of the nomogram in the derivation and validation cohort was 0.806 and 0.820, respectively, and the calibration plot fitted well. Compared with those of the North Italian Endoscopic Club (NIEC) and revised NIEC indexes, the AUC (derivation cohort: 0.822 vs. 0.653 vs. 0.713; validation cohort: 0.846 vs. 0.685 vs. 0.747) and DCA curves of this nomogram were better. Further, based on the risk scores, patients were classified into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, and significant differences were noted in VH incidence among the three risk groups (P <0.001 for each cohort). Conclusions An effective individualized nomogram to predict the risk of first VH in HBV-related GEV patients was established, which can assist clinicians in developing more appropriate prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Bi
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xianbo Wang, ; Yongping Mu,
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xianbo Wang, ; Yongping Mu,
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Pimkova Polidarova M, Vanekova L, Brehova P, Dejmek M, Vavrina Z, Birkus G, Brazdova A. Synthetic Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Agonists Induce a Cytokine-Mediated Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Response in Nonparenchymal Liver Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:23-32. [PMID: 36472628 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health problem worldwide, with limited treatment options, but inducing an antiviral response by innate immunity activation may provide a therapeutic alternative. We assessed the cytokine-mediated anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential for stimulating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway using STING agonists in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs). The natural STING agonist, 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP, the synthetic analogue 3',3'-c-di(2'F,2'dAMP), and its bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) prodrug had strong indirect cytokine-mediated anti-HBV effects in PHH regardless of HBV genotype. Furthermore, STING agonists induced anti-HBV cytokine secretion in vitro, in both human and mouse NPCs, and triggered hepatic T cell activation. Cytokine secretion and lymphocyte activation were equally stimulated in NPCs isolated from control and HBV-persistent mice. Therefore, STING agonists modulate immune activation regardless of HBV persistence, paving the way toward a CHB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Pimkova Polidarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vanekova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brehova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Vavrina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Birkus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brazdova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
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Castro GM, Sosa MJ, Sicilia PE, Riberi MI, Moreno C, Cattaneo R, Debes JD, Barbás MG, Cudolá AE, Pisano MB, Ré VE. Acute and chronic HBV infection in central Argentina: High frequency of sub-genotype F1b, low detection of clinically relevant mutations and first evidence of HDV. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1057194. [PMID: 36698842 PMCID: PMC9868314 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1057194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genomic analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) identifies phylogenetic variants, which may lead to distinct biological and clinical behaviors. The satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) may also influence clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate HBV genetic variants, including clinically relevant mutations, and HDV infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in central Argentina. Methods A total of 217 adult HBV infected patients [acute (AHB): n = 79; chronic (CHB): n = 138] were studied; 67 were HBV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Serological markers were determined. Molecular detection of HBV and HDV was carried out by RT-Nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, genotype (gt) F [sub-genotype (sgt) F1b] was the most frequently found. In AHB patients, the gts/sgts found were: F1b (74.7%) > A2 (13.9%) > F4 (7.6%) > C (2.5%) > A1 (1.3%). Among CHB patients: F1b (39.1%) > A2 (23.9%) > F4 (18.2%) > D (9.4%) > C and F6 (3.6% each) > A1, A3 and B2 (0.7% each). The distribution of sgt A2 and gt D was significantly different between HBV mono and HBV/HIV coinfected patients [A2: 15.9% vs. 35.7% (p < 0.05), respectively and D: 14.6% vs. 1.8% (p < 0.05), respectively]. Mutation frequency in basal core promoter/pre-Core (BCP/pC) region was 35.5% (77/217) [AHB: 20.3% (16/79), CHB: 44.2% (61/138)]. In the open reading frame (ORF) S, mutations associated with vaccine escape and diagnostic failure were detected in 7.8% of the sequences (17/217) [AHB: 3.8% (3/79), CHB: 10.1% (14/138)]. ORF-P amino acid substitutions associated with antiviral resistance were detected in 3.2% of the samples (7/217) [AHB: 1.3% (1/79), CHB 4.3%, (6/138)]. The anti-HDV seropositivity was 5.2% (4/77); one sample could be sequenced, belonging to gt HDV-1 associated with sgt HBV-D3. Discussion We detected an increase in the circulation of genotype F in Central Argentina, particularly among AHB patients, suggesting transmission advantages over the other genotypes. A low rate of mutations was detected, especially those with antiviral resistance implications, which is an encouraging result. The evidence of HDV circulation in our region, reported for the first time, alerts the health system for its search and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo M. Castro
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Gonzalo M. Castro,
| | - María J. Sosa
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola E. Sicilia
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María I. Riberi
- Laboratorio de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Moreno
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Cattaneo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Rawson, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José D. Debes
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - María G. Barbás
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analía E. Cudolá
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María B. Pisano
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella” (InViV)–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana E. Ré
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella” (InViV)–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Dusheiko
- From University College London (G.D.), Kings College Hospital London (G.D., K.A.), Kings College London (K.A.), and the Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (M.K.M.) - all in London
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- From University College London (G.D.), Kings College Hospital London (G.D., K.A.), Kings College London (K.A.), and the Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (M.K.M.) - all in London
| | - Mala K Maini
- From University College London (G.D.), Kings College Hospital London (G.D., K.A.), Kings College London (K.A.), and the Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (M.K.M.) - all in London
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Hasannejad-Asl B, Pooresmaeil F, Takamoli S, Dabiri M, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptide: A potent delivery system in vaccine development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072685. [PMID: 36425579 PMCID: PMC9679422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to most medication administrations (such as the vaccine constructs) is the cellular membrane's inadequate permeability, which reduces their efficiency. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs) are well-known as potent biological nanocarriers to overcome this natural barrier, and to deliver membrane-impermeable substances into cells. The physicochemical properties of CPPs, the attached cargo, concentration, and cell type substantially influence the internalization mechanism. Although the exact mechanism of cellular uptake and the following processing of CPPs are still uncertain; but however, they can facilitate intracellular transfer through both endocytic and non-endocytic pathways. Improved endosomal escape efficiency, selective cell targeting, and improved uptake, processing, and presentation of antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been reported by CPPs. Different in vitro and in vivo investigations using CPP conjugates show their potential as therapeutic agents in various medical areas such as infectious and non-infectious disorders. Effective treatments for a variety of diseases may be provided by vaccines that can cooperatively stimulate T cell-mediated immunity (T helper cell activity or cytotoxic T cell function), and immunologic memory. Delivery of antigen epitopes to APCs, and generation of a potent immune response is essential for an efficacious vaccine that can be facilitated by CPPs. The current review describes the delivery of numerous vaccine components by various CPPs and their immunostimulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pooresmaeil
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Takamoli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehran Dabiri
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Seok Y, Yin Q, Li R, Mauk MG, Bai H, Bau HH. Manually-Operated, Slider Cassette for Multiplexed Molecular Detection at the Point of Care. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 369:132353. [PMID: 38756788 PMCID: PMC11097106 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.132353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Effective control of epidemics, individualized medicine, and new drugs with virologic response-dependent dose and timing require, among other things, simple, inexpensive, multiplexed molecular detection platforms suitable for point of care and home use. Herein, we describe our progress towards developing such a platform that includes sample lysis, nucleic acid isolation, concentration, purification, and amplification. Our diagnostic device comprises a sliding component that houses the nucleic acid isolation membrane and a housing containing three amplification reaction chambers with dry stored reagents, blisters with buffers and wash solutions, and absorption pads to facilitate capillarity pull and waste storage. After sample introduction, the user slides the slider within the housing from one station to another to carry out various unit operations. The slider motion induces blisters to discharge their contents, effectuating washes, and eventual elution of captured nucleic acids into reaction chambers. The slider cassette mates with a processor that incubates isothermal amplification but can also be made to operate instrumentation-free. We demonstrate our cassette's utility for the co-detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). These three blood-borne pathogens co-infect many people worldwide with severe personal and public health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngung Seok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qingtian Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruijie Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Michael G. Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huiwen Bai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haim H. Bau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Trends in mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2049-2055. [PMID: 36228164 PMCID: PMC9746726 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both potentially life-threatening acute and chronic liver disease. China has the world's largest burden of hepatitis B and is considered to be a major contributor toward the goal of World Health Organization (WHO) of eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a global health threat by 2030. This study aimed to analyze data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to determine the trends in mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China between 1990 and 2019 and the gap with the WHO's goal. METHODS Annual deaths and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China between 1990 and 2019 were collected from GBD 2019. We calculated the percentage changes in deaths and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASMRs of liver disease due to hepatitis B. RESULTS In China, deaths of total liver disease due to hepatitis B decreased by 29.13% from 229 thousand in 2016 to 162 thousand in 2019, and ASMR decreased by an average of 4.92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.45-5.39%) per year in this period. For the spectrum of liver disease due to hepatitis B, deaths decreased by 74.83%, 34.71%, and 23.34% for acute hepatitis, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and liver cancer from 1990 to 2019, respectively, and ASMRs of acute hepatitis (EAPC = -7.63; 95% CI: -8.25, -7.00), cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (EAPC = -4.15; 95% CI: -4.66, -3.65), and liver cancer (EAPC = -5.17; 95% CI: -6.00, -4.33) decreased between 1990 and 2019. The proportions of older adults aged ≥70 years among all deaths of the spectrum of liver disease due to hepatitis B increased from 1990 to 2019. Deaths of liver cancer due to hepatitis B increased by 7.05% from 2015 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS Although a favorable trend in the mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B was observed between 1990 and 2019, China still faces challenges in achieving the WHO's goal of eliminating HBV as a public threat by 2030. Therefore, efforts to increase the coverage of diagnosis and treatment of liver disease due to hepatitis B, especially of liver cancer due to hepatitis B, are warranted in China.
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Sikakulya FK, Munyambalu DK, Mambo SB, Mutsunga AK, Djuma SF, Djuna PA, Ndiwelubula E, Ngavo WA, Sahika SM, Kumbakulu PK, Adelard KN, Shindano TA. Level of screening for and vaccination against hepatitis B among healthcare workers in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: a public health concern. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 4:100226. [PMID: 35898603 PMCID: PMC9310114 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In low resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa healthcare workers (HCW) have a high risk of contracting hepatitis B infection. Vaccination of HCWs is to protect them from acquisition of hepatitis B from patients. Objective To evaluate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological and vaccination status of HCWs in the Butembo Antenna in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) and to investigate the factors influencing hepatitis screening and vaccination. Methods A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire was carried out from 1st to 30th April 2021 among consenting HCWs in Butembo (≥18 years of age). Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results Of 373 participants, 178 (47.7%) had already been screened for HBV. Screening was more likely for HCWs in a rural or publicly owned facility (P<0.05). A total of 25 (6.7%) HCWs were fully vaccinated against HBV; the factors associated with full vaccination were: prior screening for HBV (odds ratio: 9.03 (2.51–38.61), P<0.0001), prior knowledge of the value of post-exposure prophylaxis (odds ratio 12.9 (2.89–80.44), P=0.0004), prior knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine benefits (adjusted odds ratio: 4.54 (1.66–13.05), P=0.002) and prior exposure to hepatitis B infection (adjusted odds ratio: 2.61 (1.08–6.39), P=0.039). Conclusion Screening and vaccination rates of HCWs for HBV are extremely low, and not high enough to prevent the spread of this serious illness and its complications. There is a dire need to increase vaccination rates among HCWs in Eastern DR Congo. The DRC government should issue vaccination against HBV as a recommendation at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Sikakulya
- Department of General Surgery, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - D K Munyambalu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - S B Mambo
- Youth Alliance for Reproductive Health, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - A K Mutsunga
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - S F Djuma
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - P A Djuna
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - E Ndiwelubula
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - W A Ngavo
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - S M Sahika
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Kumbowi Kumbakulu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kalima Nzanzu Adelard
- Department of General Surgery, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - T A Shindano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,University of Kindu, Kindu, Maniema, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Liu Y, Park D, Cafiero TR, Bram Y, Chandar V, Tseng A, Gertje HP, Crossland NA, Su L, Schwartz RE, Ploss A. Molecular clones of genetically distinct hepatitis B virus genotypes reveal distinct host and drug treatment responses. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100535. [PMID: 36035359 PMCID: PMC9403497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims HBV exhibits wide genetic diversity with at least 9 genotypes (GTs), which differ in terms of prevalence, geographic distribution, natural history, disease progression, and treatment outcome. However, differences in HBV replicative capacity, gene expression, and infective capability across different GTs remain incompletely understood. Herein, we aimed to study these crucial aspects using newly constructed infectious clones covering the major HBV GTs. Methods The replicative capacity of infectious clones covering HBV GTs A-E was analyzed in cell lines, primary hepatocytes and humanized mice. Host responses and histopathology induced by the different HBV GTs were characterized in hydrodynamically injected mice. Differences in treatment responses to entecavir and various HBV capsid inhibitors were also quantified across the different genetically defined GTs. Results Patient-derived HBV infectious clones replicated robustly both in vitro and in vivo. GTs A and D induce more pronounced intrahepatic and proinflammatory cytokine responses which correlated with faster viral clearance. Notably, all 5 HBV clones robustly produced viral particles following transfection into HepG2 cells, and these particles were infectious in HepG2-NTCP cells, primary human hepatocytes and human chimeric mice. Notably, GT D virus exhibited higher infectivity than GTs A, B, C and E in vitro, although it was comparable to GT A and B in the human liver chimeric mice in vivo. HBV capsid inhibitors were more readily capable of suppressing HBV GTs A, B, D and E than C. Conclusions The infectious clones described here have broad utility as genetic tools that can mechanistically dissect intergenotypic differences in antiviral immunity and pathogenesis and aid in HBV drug development and screening. Lay summary The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major contributor to human morbidity and mortality. HBV can be categorized into a number of genotypes, based on their specific genetic make-up, of which 9 are well known. We isolated and cloned the genomes of 5 of these genotypes and used them to create valuable tools for future research on this clinically important virus.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- BCP, basic core promoter
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CpAM, core protein allosteric modulators
- DR, direct repeat
- ETV, entecavir
- En, enhancer
- GT(s), genotype(s)
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBVcc, cell culture-derived HBV
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDI, hydrodynamic injection
- IFN, interferon
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- NA, nucleos(t)ide analogue
- NRG, NODRag1−/−IL2RγNULL
- PHH, primiary human hepatocyte
- SVR, sustained virologic response
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- dpi, days post infection
- drug development
- genotypes
- hepatitis B
- hepatitis B virus
- host responses
- pgRNA, pre-genomic RNA
- reverse genetics
- viral hepatitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Debby Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas R. Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Cao G, Jing W, Liu J, Liu M. Countdown on hepatitis B elimination by 2030: the global burden of liver disease related to hepatitis B and association with socioeconomic status. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:1282-1296. [PMID: 36048317 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes both acute and chronic liver disease, performing the key driver toward the global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. We used data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to quantify the burden of liver disease due to hepatitis B at the global, regional and national levels. METHODS Annual incident cases and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of liver disease due to hepatitis B between 1990 and 2019 were collected from GBD study 2019. Percentage changes of incident cases and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIRs were calculated to quantify their temporal trends. Correlations between EAPC and socio-demographic index (SDI) and universal health coverage index (UHCI) were evaluated by Pearson correlation analyses. RESULTS Globally, the incident cases of liver disease due to hepatitis B decreased by 4.51% from 84.45 million in 1990 to 80.65 million in 2019 and ASIR decreased by an average of 1.52% (95%CI - 1.66%, - 1.37%) per year in this period. For the spectrum of liver disease due to hepatitis B, ASIR of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases increased by an average of 0.13% (95%CI 0.04%, 0.22%) per year in low SDI region and 0.24% (95%CI 0.04%, 0.34%) per year in low-middle SDI region, and ASIR of liver cancer increased by an average of 0.91% (95%CI 0.37%, 1.46%) per year in high SDI region in 1990-2019. Positive correlations of EAPC in ASIR of liver cancer with SDI and UHCI were observed in nations with SDI ≥ 0.7 or UHCI ≥ 70. CONCLUSION HBV infection remains a global health problem, causing low and low-middle SDI regions with an increasing trend of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and high SDI region with an increasing trend of liver cancer. Efforts to eliminate hepatitis B by 2030 needs to focus on not only developing regions but also developed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenzhan Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Cakal B, Cavus B, Atasoy A, Altunok D, Poda M, Bulakci M, Gulluoglu M, Demirci M, Sener LT, Arslan AB, Arikan M, Akyuz F. Comparison of S gene mutations in patients with occult and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Virus Res 2022; 318:198855. [PMID: 35798213 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This study aimed to detect mutations in the HBV S gene and evaluate their relationship to occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). METHODS The study included 32 patients with negative serum HBsAg and HBV DNA who underwent liver biopsy due to different clinical indications defined as the OBI group and 32 patients who underwent liver biopsy due to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as the comparison group. The HBV S gene region was amplified by Nested PCR, and Sanger sequencing was performed. RESULTS At least one amino acid (aa) mutation was detected in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the HBV S gene in 14/32 (43.75%) of the patients with OBI and 8/32 (25.0%) with CHB. The genotype of all patients with OBI and CHB was HBV/D. Although 9 (28.1%) of the cases with OBI had sub-genotype HBV/D3, none of the patients with CHB had sub-genotype HBV/D3. Unlike patients with CHB, L15*, D33N, Q51P, V63F, L91I, P108S, T115I, P120L, T125M, Q129H, T189I, L216F, P217L mutations were detected in the HBV S gene in OBI cases. Also, P127T aa polymorphism was frequently detected. Mutation frequency in the HBV S gene in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) was higher in patients with OBI with sub-genotypes HBV/D3 and D2 than those with HBV/D1 and those with serotype HBV/ayw3 compared to those with HBV/ayw2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sub-genotypic-specific mutation patterns were seen in the "a" determinant region and T helper cell epitopes of HBsAg, especially in the C-terminus domain; this may be associated with OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Cakal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
| | - Bilger Cavus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Atasoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Altunok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehves Poda
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Bulakci
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Gulluoglu
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Leyla Turker Sener
- Department of Biophysics Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Muzaffer Arikan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akyuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Surrogate Markers for Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:327-340. [PMID: 35445388 DOI: 10.1055/a-1830-2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. Chronic HBV infection is currently incurable because of the persistence of the viral template for the viral transcripts, covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (cccDNA). Detecting changes in cccDNA transcriptional activity is key to understanding fundamental virology, determining the efficacy of new therapies, and deciding the optimal clinical management of HBV patients. In this review, we summarize surrogate circulating biomarkers that have been used to infer cccDNA levels and activity in people with chronic hepatitis B. Moreover, we outline the current shortcomings of the current biomarkers and highlight the clinical importance in improving them and expanding their use.
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Shaha M, Majumder S, Hossain MS, Jahan M, Rahmat R, Asma R, Islam MA, Rahman MH, Das KC, Sarker PK, Mahtab MA, Akbar SMF, Salimullah M. Identification of a novel variant of hepatitis B virus isolated from patient co-infected with hepatitis C virus. Virus Res 2022; 319:198859. [PMID: 35809696 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health concern worldwide. Co-infection of hepatitis B patients with other pathogens intensifies the severity of the disease. We report a novel variant of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Bangladesh isolated from a patient co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who exhibited liver cirrhosis. From 150 collected plasma samples, we sequenced HBV complete genome from one HBV-HCV co-infected patient. The complete genome was analysed using bioinformatics tools, NCBI BLAST, Geno2Pheno, and SnapGene software. The strain belongs to genotype A and subgenotype A1. Upon analysing the complete genome of this strain, we found a frameshift deletion of 54 nucleotides at the pre-S2 region, a functional regulator of HBV surface protein. Furthermore, we observed a Y126H mutation in the polymerase protein of this strain. This is the first report with such an unusual pre-S deletion event of the HBV genome in an HCV-co-infected patient associated with liver cirrhosis. These findings may inform scientists about genomic modifications in the HBV genome associated with HCV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhusudon Shaha
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sumen Majumder
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hossain
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Munira Jahan
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Raad Rahmat
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwana Asma
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Hadisur Rahman
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Keshob Chandra Das
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Palash Kumar Sarker
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
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Besombes J, Souala F, Bouguen G, Guyader D, Grolhier C, Thibault V, Pronier C. Acute hepatitis B virus infection despite vaccination in a patient treated by infliximab: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:322. [PMID: 35768794 PMCID: PMC9245304 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite an effective vaccine, hepatitis B remains a major global health problem due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccination in immunosuppressed patients such as those treated for an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be less effective. This case describes an uncommon original diagnosis of an acute hepatitis B infection occurring in a vaccinated but immunocompromised IBD patient under long-term infliximab treatment. A low anti-HBs titer and the presence of HBsAg escape mutations are possible hypotheses to explain this unexpected infection. Case presentation A 28-year-old Caucasian male, regularly followed-up for a Crohn’s disease treated by infliximab, was regularly screened for sexually transmissible infections because of at-risk behaviors. Despite a correct immunization scheme against hepatitis B virus (HBV), an active HBV infection was diagnosed during one of those screenings. Retrospective testing of a sample collected 6 months earlier was in favor of an evolution from an acute hepatitis B toward a chronic hepatitis B. The patient has always had a low anti-HBs antibody levels (near the threshold of 10 IU/L) possibly explaining his infection. In addition, HBV sequencing revealed a genotype A2 HBV strain, carrying the sD144A substitution on the S protein, known as a potential immune escape variant. Dual therapy combining tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine, active against HBV but also efficient as an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, was initiated. Ten months after treatment initiation, all surrogate biochemical and virological endpoints for HBV functional cure were achieved. Treatment and periodical monitoring are being maintained. Conclusion Emphasis should be placed on HBV screening, vaccination and regular monitoring of patients under long-term immunosuppressive therapy, particularly those with at-risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Besombes
- Department of Virology, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S 1085, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Faouzi Souala
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Bouguen
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, UMR 991, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Guyader
- Department of Liver Diseases (SMF), UMR 1241, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Grolhier
- Department of Virology, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S 1085, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Thibault
- Department of Virology, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S 1085, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Charlotte Pronier
- Department of Virology, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S 1085, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
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46
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Virological Treatment Monitoring for Chronic Hepatitis B. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071376. [PMID: 35891357 PMCID: PMC9319170 DOI: 10.3390/v14071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 250 million people worldwide are currently infected with hepatitis B, despite the effectiveness of vaccination and other preventive measures. In terms of treatment, new therapeutic approaches are rapidly developing, promising to achieve the elimination of infected cells and the complete cure of infection. The on-treatment monitoring of these innovative antiviral treatments will require the implementation of new virological tools. Therefore, new biomarkers are being evaluated besides the traditional virological and serological assays in order to obtain information on different steps of the viral replication cycle and to monitor response to therapy more accurately. The purpose of this work is to describe both standard and innovative tools for chronic hepatitis B treatment monitoring, and to analyse their potential and feasibility.
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47
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Lefeuvre C, Roux M, Blanchard S, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Boursier J, Lunel-Fabiani F, Jeannin P, Pivert A, Ducancelle A. Analysis of hepatic fibrosis markers in the serum of chronic hepatitis B patients according to basal core promoter/precore mutants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10261. [PMID: 35715541 PMCID: PMC9205978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The A1762T/G1764A double mutant in the basal core promoter (BCP) region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with severe hepatic lesions while the G1899A mutation with the double mutant is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of severe fibrosis. This study aims to measure a number of markers in the serum of patients with chronic HBV infection and to assess relationships between these markers and BCP/precore mutants with consideration of the stage of fibrosis. The serum levels of resistin, TGF-β1, MMP-1, TIMP-1, collagen IA1 and PDGF-BB, which are markers that are known to be involved in the process of hepatic fibrosis, were assayed. The serum levels of PDGF-BB and TIMP-1, and the mutation profile were independently associated with advanced fibrosis. A higher level of TIMP-1 was associated with advanced fibrosis regardless of the mutation status, and a higher level of PDGF-BB was associated with nonsevere fibrosis in patients infected with viruses harboring the A1762T/G1764A or A1762T/G1764A/G1899A mutations. Our results suggest an impact of the A1762T/G1764A mutant on the biological pathway related to TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB. In vitro studies are needed to understand the impact of these mutants on the serum secretion of markers involved in fibrosis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marine Roux
- Univ Angers, HIFIH, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- Univ Angers, INSERM Unité 892, CNRS Unit 6299, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | - Jérôme Boursier
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, HIFIH, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | - Pascale Jeannin
- Univ Angers, INSERM Unité 892, CNRS Unit 6299, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Adeline Pivert
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, HIFIH, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
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48
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Biswas S, Rust LN, Wettengel JM, Yusova S, Fischer M, Carson JN, Johnson J, Wei L, Thode T, Kaadige MR, Sharma S, Agbaria M, Bimber BN, Tu T, Protzer U, Ploss A, Smedley JV, Golomb G, Sacha JB, Burwitz BJ. Long-term hepatitis B virus infection of rhesus macaques requires suppression of host immunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2995. [PMID: 35637225 PMCID: PMC9151762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus has infected a third of the world's population, and 296 million people are living with chronic infection. Chronic infection leads to progressive liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure, and there remains no reliable curative therapy. These gaps in our understanding are due, in large part, to a paucity of animal models of HBV infection. Here, we show that rhesus macaques regularly clear acute HBV infection, similar to adult humans, but can develop long-term infection if immunosuppressed. Similar to patients, we longitudinally detected HBV DNA, HBV surface antigen, and HBV e antigen in the serum of experimentally infected animals. In addition, we discovered hallmarks of HBV infection in the liver, including RNA transcription, HBV core and HBV surface antigen translation, and covalently closed circular DNA biogenesis. This pre-clinical animal model will serve to accelerate emerging HBV curative therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Biswas
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Lauren N Rust
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Jochen M Wettengel
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Sofiya Yusova
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Miranda Fischer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Julien N Carson
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Josie Johnson
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Trason Thode
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Mohan R Kaadige
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Majd Agbaria
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 12272, Israel
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Clinical School and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jeremy V Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Gershon Golomb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 12272, Israel
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Benjamin J Burwitz
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
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49
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Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050986. [PMID: 35632728 PMCID: PMC9146458 DOI: 10.3390/v14050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is DNA-based virus, member of the Hepadnaviridae family, which can cause liver disease and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in infected individuals, replicating within the hepatocytes and interacting with several cellular proteins. Chronic hepatitis B can progressively lead to liver cirrhosis, which is an independent risk factor for HCC. Complications as liver decompensation or HCC impact the survival of HBV patients and concurrent HDV infection worsens the disease. The available data provide evidence that HBV infection is associated with the risk of developing HCC with or without an underlying liver cirrhosis, due to various direct and indirect mechanisms promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular profile of HBV-HCC is extensively and continuously under study, and it is the result of altered molecular pathways, which modify the microenvironment and lead to DNA damage. HBV produces the protein HBx, which has a central role in the oncogenetic process. Furthermore, the molecular profile of HBV-HCC was recently discerned from that of HDV-HCC, despite the obligatory dependence of HDV on HBV. Proper management of the underlying HBV-related liver disease is fundamental, including HCC surveillance, viral suppression, and application of adequate predictive models. When HBV-HCC occurs, liver function and HCC characteristics guide the physician among treatment strategies but always considering the viral etiology in the treatment choice.
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50
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Liu T, Sun Q, Gu J, Cen S, Zhang Q. Characterization of the tenofovir resistance-associated mutations in the hepatitis B virus isolates across genotypes A to D. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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