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Beliën J, Swinnen S, D'hondt R, de Juan LV, Dedoncker N, Matthys P, Bauer J, Vens C, Moylett S, Dubois B. CHIT1 at diagnosis predicts faster disability progression and reflects early microglial activation in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5013. [PMID: 38866782 PMCID: PMC11169395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by heterogeneity in disease course and prediction of long-term outcome remains a major challenge. Here, we investigate five myeloid markers - CHIT1, CHI3L1, sTREM2, GPNMB and CCL18 - in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnostic lumbar puncture in a longitudinal cohort of 192 MS patients. Through mixed-effects and machine learning models, we show that CHIT1 is a robust predictor for faster disability progression. Integrative analysis of 11 CSF and 26 central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing samples reveals CHIT1 to be predominantly expressed by microglia located in active MS lesions and enriched for lipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we find CHIT1 expression to accompany the transition from a homeostatic towards a more activated, MS-associated cell state in microglia. Neuropathological evaluation in post-mortem tissue from 12 MS patients confirms CHIT1 production by lipid-laden phagocytes in actively demyelinating lesions, already in early disease stages. Altogether, we provide a rationale for CHIT1 as an early biomarker for faster disability progression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarne Beliën
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Swinnen
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe D'hondt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Imec research group itec, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Laia Verdú de Juan
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Dedoncker
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celine Vens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Imec research group itec, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Sinéad Moylett
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Dubois
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Wicklein R, Kreitner L, Wild A, Aly L, Rueckert D, Hemmer B, Korn T, Menten MJ, Knier B. Retinal small vessel pathology is associated with disease burden in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2024; 30:812-819. [PMID: 38751230 PMCID: PMC11134992 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241247775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of the superficial retinal vasculature are commonly observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be visualized through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine changes in the retinal vasculature during MS and to integrate findings into current concepts of the underlying pathology. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, including 259 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 78 healthy controls, we analyzed OCTAs using deep-learning-based segmentation algorithm tools. RESULTS We identified a loss of small-sized vessels (diameter < 10 µm) in the superficial vascular complex in all MS eyes, irrespective of their optic neuritis (ON) history. This alteration was associated with MS disease burden and appears independent of retinal ganglion cell loss. In contrast, an observed reduction of medium-sized vessels (diameter 10-20 µm) was specific to eyes with a history of ON and was closely linked to ganglion cell atrophy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest distinct atrophy patterns in retinal vessels in patients with MS. Further studies are necessary to investigate retinal vessel alterations and their underlying pathology in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wicklein
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linus Kreitner
- Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Wild
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- BioMedIA, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin J Menten
- Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- BioMedIA, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Knier
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Neurology, Diakonie Klinikum Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
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3
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Krämer J, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in multiple sclerosis: evidence and expectations. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:237-244. [PMID: 38533819 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite availability of high-efficacy therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), many patients experience significant disability worsening due to limited effects of currently available drugs on central nervous system (CNS)-compartmentalized inflammation. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in regulation of maturation, survival, migration, and activation of B cells and microglia, which are central players in the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS. Therefore, CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors may better prevent disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. This review gives an overview on the preliminary results of clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, the efficacy and safety of six BTK inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials in patients with relapsing and progressive MS. Evobrutinib, tolebrutinib and fenebrutinib have shown efficacy and safety in relapsing MS in phase 2 studies, and evobrutinib and tolebrutinib in their extension studies up to 3-5 years. However, evobrutinib failed to distinguish itself from the comparator drug teriflunomide in reduction of relapse rate (primary end point) in two phase 3 studies in relapsing MS. SUMMARY Inhibition of BTK has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to target the CNS-compartmentalized inflammation. Results from phase 3 clinical trials will shed light on differences in efficacy and safety of BTK inhibitors and its potential role in the future MS landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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4
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Woo MS, Engler JB, Friese MA. The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41583-024-00823-z. [PMID: 38789516 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although several therapies exist to dampen the acute inflammation that drives MS relapses, therapeutic options to halt chronic disability progression are a major unmet clinical need. The development of such therapies is hindered by our limited understanding of the neuron-intrinsic determinants of resilience or vulnerability to inflammation. In this Review, we provide a neuron-centric overview of recent advances in deciphering neuronal response patterns that drive the pathology of MS. We describe the inflammatory CNS environment that initiates neurotoxicity by imposing ion imbalance, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, and by direct neuro-immune interactions, which collectively lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic dysregulation. The neuronal demise is further amplified by breakdown of neuronal transport, accumulation of cytosolic proteins and activation of cell death pathways. Continuous neuronal damage perpetuates CNS inflammation by activating surrounding glia cells and by directly exerting toxicity on neighbouring neurons. Further, we explore strategies to overcome neuronal deregulation in MS and compile a selection of neuronal actuators shown to impact neurodegeneration in preclinical studies. We conclude by discussing the therapeutic potential of targeting such neuronal actuators in MS, including some that have already been tested in interventional clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S Woo
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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5
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Fan X, Zhang S, Sun S, Bi W, Li S, Wang W, Chen X, Fang Z. GFAP palmitoylcation mediated by ZDHHC23 in spinal astrocytes contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024:rapm-2023-104980. [PMID: 38050183 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer pain has a significant impact on patient's quality of life. Astrocytes play an important role in cancer pain signaling. The direct targeting of astrocytes can effectively suppress cancer pain, however, they can cause many side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the specific signaling pathways or proteins involved within astrocytes in cancer pain as targets for treating pain. METHODS A neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) model was established by inoculating mouse S-180 sarcoma cells around the right sciatic nerve in C57BL/6 mice. Spontaneous persistent pain and paw withdrawal thresholds were measured using von Frey filaments. The NCP spinal cord dorsal horn (L4-L6) and mouse astrocyte cell line MA-C were used to study protein palmitoylation using acyl-biotin exchange, real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS In a cancer pain model, along with tumor growth, peripheral nerve tissue invasion, and cancer pain onset, astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were activated and palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC23 expression was upregulated, leading to increased palmitoylation levels of GFAP and increased secretion of inflammatory factors, such as (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 (CXCL-10), interleukin 6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These factors in turn activate astrocytes by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. A competitive peptide targeting GFAP palmitoylations was designed to effectively alleviate morphine tolerance in cancer pain treatment as well as cancer pain signaling and inflammatory factor secretion. CONCLUSIONS In a rodent model, targeting GFAP palmitoylation appears to be an effective strategy in relieving cancer pain and morphine tolerance. Human translational research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fan
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Suling Sun
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Bi
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Li
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueran Chen
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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6
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Chomyk A, Kucinski R, Kim J, Christie E, Cyncynatus K, Gossman Z, Chen Z, Richardson B, Cameron M, Turner T, Dutta R, Trapp B. Transcript Profiles of Microglia/Macrophage Cells at the Borders of Chronic Active and Subpial Gray Matter Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:907-916. [PMID: 38345145 PMCID: PMC11060930 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglia/macrophages line the border of demyelinated lesions in both cerebral white matter and the cortex in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients. Microglia/macrophages associated with chronic white matter lesions are thought to be responsible for slow lesion expansion and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis, whereas those lining gray matter lesions are less studied. Profiling these microglia/macrophages could help to focus therapies on genes or pathways specific to lesion expansion and disease progression. METHODS We compared the morphology and transcript profiles of microglia/macrophages associated with borders of white matter (WM line) and subpial gray matter lesions (GM line) using laser capture microscopy. We performed RNA sequencing on isolated cells followed by immunocytochemistry to determine the distribution of translational products of transcripts increased in WM line microglia. RESULTS Cells in the WM line appear activated, with shorter processes and larger cell bodies, whereas those in the GM line appear more homeostatic, with smaller cell bodies and multiple thin processes. Transcript profiling revealed 176 genes in WM lines and 111 genes in GM lines as differentially expressed. Transcripts associated with immune activation and iron homeostasis were increased in WM line microglia, whereas genes belonging to the canonical Wnt signaling pathway were increased in GM line microglia. INTERPRETATION We propose that the mechanisms of demyelination and dynamics of lesion expansion are responsible for differential transcript expression in WM lines and GM lines, and posit that increased expression of the Fc epsilon receptor, spleen tyrosine kinase, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase, play a key role in regulating microglia/macrophage function at the border of chronic active white matter lesions. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:907-916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chomyk
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rikki Kucinski
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emilie Christie
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Cyncynatus
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Gossman
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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7
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Linnerbauer M, Lößlein L, Vandrey O, Peter A, Han Y, Tsaktanis T, Wogram E, Needhamsen M, Kular L, Nagel L, Zissler J, Andert M, Meszaros L, Hanspach J, Zuber F, Naumann UJ, Diebold M, Wheeler MA, Beyer T, Nirschl L, Cirac A, Laun FB, Günther C, Winkler J, Bäuerle T, Jagodic M, Hemmer B, Prinz M, Quintana FJ, Rothhammer V. The astrocyte-produced growth factor HB-EGF limits autoimmune CNS pathology. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:432-447. [PMID: 38409259 PMCID: PMC10907300 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-resident cells such as microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are gaining increasing attention in respect to their contribution to CNS pathologies including multiple sclerosis (MS). Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of pro-inflammatory glial subsets in the pathogenesis and propagation of inflammatory events in MS and its animal models. However, it has only recently become clear that the underlying heterogeneity of astrocytes and microglia can not only drive inflammation, but also lead to its resolution through direct and indirect mechanisms. Failure of these tissue-protective mechanisms may potentiate disease and increase the risk of conversion to progressive stages of MS, for which currently available therapies are limited. Using proteomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with MS in combination with experimental studies, we here identify Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) as a central mediator of tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory effects important for the recovery from acute inflammatory lesions in CNS autoimmunity. Hypoxic conditions drive the rapid upregulation of HB-EGF by astrocytes during early CNS inflammation, while pro-inflammatory conditions suppress trophic HB-EGF signaling through epigenetic modifications. Finally, we demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects of HB-EGF in a broad variety of cell types in vitro and use intranasal administration of HB-EGF in acute and post-acute stages of autoimmune neuroinflammation to attenuate disease in a preclinical mouse model of MS. Altogether, we identify astrocyte-derived HB-EGF and its epigenetic regulation as a modulator of autoimmune CNS inflammation and potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Linnerbauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Lößlein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Vandrey
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Peter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanan Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thanos Tsaktanis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emile Wogram
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Zissler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie Andert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Meszaros
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jannis Hanspach
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Finnja Zuber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike J Naumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Diebold
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucy Nirschl
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Cirac
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik B Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Junior MSO, Reiche L, Daniele E, Kortebi I, Faiz M, Küry P. Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:578-582. [PMID: 37721287 PMCID: PMC10581572 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and homeostasis. In response to injury and disease, astrocytes are integral to the immunological- and the, albeit limited, repair response. In this review, we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal models. We will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate demyelination. Finally, we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markley Silva Oliveira Junior
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emerson Daniele
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ines Kortebi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Faiz
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Hou B, Yin J, Liu S, Guo J, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Yang L, Tan X, Long Y, Feng S, Zhou J, Wu Y, Wang X, Han S, Wang Z, He X. Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome with MCC950 Alleviates Neurological Impairment in the Brain of EAE Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1318-1330. [PMID: 37702910 PMCID: PMC10896958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by demyelination and neuronal damage. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice are used to model the disease progression of MS and mirror MS-like pathology. Previous researches have confirmed that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome significantly alleviated the severity of EAE mice and the demyelination of spinal cord, but its effect on neuronal damage and oligodendrocyte loss in the brain remains unclear. In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 and PTX to establish experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. MCC950, a selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, was used to investigate the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on the pathological changes and glial cell activation in the brain of EAE mice by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that MCC950 ameliorated the neuronal damage, demyelination, and oligodendrocyte loss in the brain of EAE mice. This protective effect of MCC950 may be attributed to its ability to suppress the activation of glial cells and prevents microglia polarization to M1 phenotype. Our work indicates that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome has the therapeutic effects of neuroprotection through immunomodulation and is a promising therapeutic strategy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Hou
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Jincheng Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital), Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Lanping Yang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xiying Tan
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Yijiao Long
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Sijie Feng
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Jingchun Zhou
- Beijing Bencaoyuan Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- College of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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10
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Zhou W, Qu H, Fu XX, Xu MM, Li Q, Jiang Y, Han S. Neuroprotective effects of a novel peptide through the Rho-integrin-Tie2 and PI3K/Akt pathways in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1290128. [PMID: 38384299 PMCID: PMC10880193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1290128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The interaction between inflammatory cells and integrin in the endothelium plays a key role during infiltration. Previous evidence has shown that synthetic C16 peptide selectively binds to integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 and exhibits a neuroprotective effect. It has also been reported to inhibit the differentiation of microglia into the M1 (pro-inflammatory) phenotype while promoting its differentiation to the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of the C16 peptide in multiple sclerosis using a rodent model. Methods: Molecular, morphological, and neurophysiological assays were used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of C16 peptide and related signaling pathways in a model of EAE. Results: The results showed that C16 significantly improved the clinical score and cortical somatosensory/motor evoked potential. It also alleviated inflammatory responses, including microglial activation and leukocyte infiltration, relieved the impairment of the brain blood barrier and edema, and reduced neuronal apoptosis, axonal loss, and demyelination induced by EAE. The C16 peptide increased the expressions of pTie-2 and Tie-2, integrin αvβ3, and α5β1 and activated the PI3K/Akt signal pathway but decreased the expression of Rho. Co-treatment of C16 with Tie-2 inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated these effects of C16. Conclusion: The C16 peptide demonstrated neuroprotection in the EAE model through the integrin, Tie-2, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and it could be a potential strategy for treating inflammation-related diseases in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Qu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Fu
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Abdelhak A, Antweiler K, Kowarik MC, Senel M, Havla J, Zettl UK, Kleiter I, Skripuletz T, Haarmann A, Stahmann A, Huss A, Gingele S, Krumbholz M, Benkert P, Kuhle J, Friede T, Ludolph AC, Ziemann U, Kümpfel T, Tumani H. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:477-485. [PMID: 38111972 PMCID: PMC10863922 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progression prediction is a significant unmet need in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwPMS). Studies on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have either been limited to single center with relapsing MS or were based solely on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), which limits its generalizability to state-of-the-art clinical settings and trials applying combined outcome parameters. METHODS Serum GFAP and NfL (neurofilament light chain) were investigated in EmBioProMS participants with primary (PP) or secondary progressive MS. Six months confirmed disability progression (CDP) was defined using combined outcome parameters (EDSS, timed-25-foot walk test (T25FW), and nine-hole-peg-test (9HPT)). RESULTS 243 subjects (135 PPMS, 108 SPMS, age 55.5, IQR [49.7-61.2], 135 female, median follow-up: 29.3 months [17.9-40.9]) were included. NfL (age-) and GFAP (age- and sex-) adjusted Z scores were higher in pwPMS compared to HC (p < 0.001 for both). 111 (32.8%) CDP events were diagnosed in participants with ≥3 visits (n = 169). GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP in participants with low NfL Z score (i.e., ≤1.0) (HR: 2.38 [1.12-5.08], p = 0.025). In PPMS, GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP (HR: 2.88 [1.21-6.84], p = 0.016). Risk was further increased in PPMS subjects with high GFAP when NfL is low (HR: 4.31 [1.53-12.13], p = 0.006). INTERPRETATION Blood GFAP may help identify pwPPMS at risk of progression. Combination of high GFAP and low NfL levels could distinguish non-active pwPMS with particularly high progression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelhak
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Kai Antweiler
- Department of Medical StatisticsUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Markus C. Kowarik
- Department of Neurology and StrokeUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Makbule Senel
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Joachim Havla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU HospitalLudwig‐Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Uwe K. Zettl
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunological SectionUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Marianne‐Strauß‐KlinikBehandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbHBergGermany
| | | | - Axel Haarmann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Stahmann
- Forschungs‐ und Projektentwicklungs‐gGmbHMS‐Registry by the German MS‐SocietyHanoverGermany
| | - Andre Huss
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Stefan Gingele
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHanoverGermany
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Department of Neurology and StrokeUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center for Translational Medicine, Immanuel Klinik RüdersdorfUniversity Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor FontaneRüdersdorf bei BerlinGermany
- Faculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgBrandenburg Medical School Theodor FontaneRüdersdorf bei BerlinGermany
| | - Pascal Benkert
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical StatisticsUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Albert C. Ludolph
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUlmGermany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and StrokeUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU HospitalLudwig‐Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
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12
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Colón Ortiz C, Eroglu C. Astrocyte signaling and interactions in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102307. [PMID: 38145604 PMCID: PMC10922437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of impairment in working-aged adults. MS is characterized by neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the brain, which cause myelin loss and death of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Many studies on MS have focused on the peripheral immune sources of demyelination and repair. However, recent studies revealed that a glial cell type, the astrocytes, undergo robust morphological and transcriptomic changes that contribute significantly to demyelination and myelin repair. Here, we discuss recent findings elucidating signaling modalities that astrocytes acquire or lose in MS and how these changes alter the interactions of astrocytes with other nervous system cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Colón Ortiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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13
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Akaishi T, Fujimori J, Nakashima I. Enlarged choroid plexus in multiple sclerosis is associated with increased lesion load and atrophy in white matter but not gray matter atrophy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105424. [PMID: 38181695 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enlargement of the choroid plexus (CP) is reported to associate with inflammatory activity and contribute to brain atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, a recent study in healthy volunteers (HVTs) has suggested that CP enlargement can be attributed to ventriculomegaly. OBJECTIVES To clarify the pathological significance of the enlargement of CP in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS A total of 102 pwMS (89 with relapsing-remitting MS and 13 with secondary progressive MS) and 41 HVTs were cross-sectionally evaluated using brain volumetry. The CP volume was compared between disease groups and investigated for the relationships with other brain regional volumes. RESULTS CP volume was significantly larger in pwMS than in HVTs in the univariate analysis, but not in multivariable analysis. Meanwhile, the CP and lateral ventricle (LV) volumes were significantly correlated. CP enlargement was significantly associated with increased lesion load and cerebral white matter (WM) atrophy, even after adjusting for LV volume. In contrast, multivariable analyses revealed that LV enlargement, but not CP enlargement, was associated with total gray matter (GM) atrophy. CONCLUSION CP enlargement was closely associated with LV enlargement. After adjusting for LV volume, CP enlargement in pwMS was associated with increased lesion load and WM atrophy but not GM atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Juichi Fujimori
- Division of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Division of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Pang Z, Cravatt BF, Ye L. Deciphering Drug Targets and Actions with Single-Cell and Spatial Resolution. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:507-526. [PMID: 37722721 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-033123-123610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in chemical, molecular, and genetic approaches have provided us with an unprecedented capacity to identify drug-target interactions across the whole proteome and genome. Meanwhile, rapid developments of single-cell and spatial omics technologies are revolutionizing our understanding of the molecular architecture of biological systems. However, a significant gap remains in how we align our understanding of drug actions, traditionally based on molecular affinities, with the in vivo cellular and spatial tissue heterogeneity revealed by these newer techniques. Here, we review state-of-the-art methods for profiling drug-target interactions and emerging multiomics tools to delineate the tissue heterogeneity at single-cell resolution. Highlighting the recent technical advances enabling high-resolution, multiplexable in situ small-molecule drug imaging (clearing-assisted tissue click chemistry, or CATCH), we foresee the integration of single-cell and spatial omics platforms, data, and concepts into the future framework of defining and understanding in vivo drug-target interactions and mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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15
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Yuan J, Tao Y, Wang M, Huang F, Wu X. Natural compounds as potential therapeutic candidates for multiple sclerosis: Emerging preclinical evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155248. [PMID: 38096716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with main characteristics of pathological inflammation, neural damage and axonal demyelination. Current mainstream treatments demonstrate more or less side effects, which limit their extensive use. PURPOSE Increasing studies indicate that natural compounds benefit multiple sclerosis without remarkable side effects. Given the needs to explore the potential effects of natural compounds of plant origin on multiple sclerosis and their mechanisms, we review publications involving the role of natural compounds in animal models of multiple sclerosis, excluding controlled trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Articles were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords ``multiple sclerosis'' and ``natural compounds'' published from January 1, 2008, to September 1, 2023. RESULTS This review summarized the effects of natural ingredients (flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and others) from three aspects: immune regulation, oxidative stress suppression, and myelin protection and regeneration in multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION Overall, we concluded 80 studies to show the preclinical evidence that natural compounds may attenuate multiple sclerosis progression via suppressing immune attacks and/or promoting myelin protection or endogenous repair processes. It would pave the roads for the future development of effective therapeutic regiments of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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16
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Ludwig R, Malla B, Höhrhan M, Infante-Duarte C, Anderhalten L. Investigating the Mitoprotective Effects of S1P Receptor Modulators Ex Vivo Using a Novel Semi-Automated Live Imaging Set-Up. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:261. [PMID: 38203434 PMCID: PMC10778583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), mitochondrial alterations appear to contribute to disease progression. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator siponimod is approved for treating secondary progressive MS. Its preceding compound fingolimod was shown to prevent oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology. Here, we assessed the effects of siponimod, compared to fingolimod, on neuronal mitochondria in oxidatively stressed hippocampal slices. We have also advanced the model of chronic organotypic hippocampal slices for live imaging, enabling semi-automated monitoring of mitochondrial alterations. The slices were prepared from B6.Cg-Tg(Thy1-CFP/COX8A)S2Lich/J mice that display fluorescent neuronal mitochondria. They were treated with hydrogen peroxide (oxidative stress paradigm) ± 1 nM siponimod or fingolimod for 24 h. Afterwards, mitochondrial dynamics were investigated. Under oxidative stress, the fraction of motile mitochondria decreased and mitochondria were shorter, smaller, and covered smaller distances. Siponimod partly prevented oxidatively induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology; for fingolimod, a similar trend was observed. Siponimod reduced the decrease in mitochondrial track displacement, while both compounds significantly increased track speed and preserved motility. The novel established imaging and analysis tools are suitable for assessing the dynamics of neuronal mitochondria ex vivo. Using these approaches, we showed that siponimod at 1 nM partially prevented oxidatively induced mitochondrial alterations in chronic brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ludwig
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bimala Malla
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Höhrhan
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Anderhalten
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (R.L.); (L.A.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Peng HR, Qiu JQ, Zhou QM, Zhang YK, Chen QY, Yin YQ, Su W, Yu S, Wang YT, Cai Y, Gu MN, Zhang HH, Sun QQ, Hu G, Wu YW, Liu J, Chen S, Zhu ZJ, Song XY, Zhou JW. Intestinal epithelial dopamine receptor signaling drives sex-specific disease exacerbation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Immunity 2023; 56:2773-2789.e8. [PMID: 37992711 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the gut microbiota can influence central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases, the contribution of the intestinal epithelium to CNS autoimmunity is less clear. Here, we showed that intestinal epithelial dopamine D2 receptors (IEC DRD2) promoted sex-specific disease progression in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Female mice lacking Drd2 selectively in intestinal epithelial cells showed a blunted inflammatory response in the CNS and reduced disease progression. In contrast, overexpression or activation of IEC DRD2 by phenylethylamine administration exacerbated disease severity. This was accompanied by altered lysozyme expression and gut microbiota composition, including reduced abundance of Lactobacillus species. Furthermore, treatment with N2-acetyl-L-lysine, a metabolite derived from Lactobacillus, suppressed microglial activation and neurodegeneration. Taken together, our study indicates that IEC DRD2 hyperactivity impacts gut microbial abundances and increases susceptibility to CNS autoimmune diseases in a female-biased manner, opening up future avenues for sex-specific interventions of CNS autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Qian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qin-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Kai Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wen Su
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shui Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Na Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hao-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-Qing Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xin-Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China; Innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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18
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Kipp M. Astrocytes: Lessons Learned from the Cuprizone Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16420. [PMID: 38003609 PMCID: PMC10671869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, exhibit distinct myelin abnormalities at both the molecular and histological levels. These aberrations are closely linked to dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and alterations in myelin structure, which may be pivotal factors contributing to the disconnection of brain regions and the resulting characteristic clinical impairments observed in these conditions. Astrocytes, which significantly outnumber neurons in the central nervous system by a five-to-one ratio, play indispensable roles in the development, maintenance, and overall well-being of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Consequently, they emerge as potential key players in the onset and progression of a myriad of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, targeting astrocytes represents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in such disorders. To gain deeper insights into the functions of astrocytes in the context of myelin-related disorders, it is imperative to employ appropriate in vivo models that faithfully recapitulate specific aspects of complex human diseases in a reliable and reproducible manner. One such model is the cuprizone model, wherein metabolic dysfunction in oligodendrocytes initiates an early response involving microglia and astrocyte activation, culminating in multifocal demyelination. Remarkably, following the cessation of cuprizone intoxication, a spontaneous process of endogenous remyelination occurs. In this review article, we provide a historical overview of studies investigating the responses and putative functions of astrocytes in the cuprizone model. Following that, we list previously published works that illuminate various aspects of the biology and function of astrocytes in this multiple sclerosis model. Some of the studies are discussed in more detail in the context of astrocyte biology and pathology. Our objective is twofold: to provide an invaluable overview of this burgeoning field, and, more importantly, to inspire fellow researchers to embark on experimental investigations to elucidate the multifaceted functions of this pivotal glial cell subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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19
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Zou P, Wu C, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 37964328 PMCID: PMC10644503 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Zou
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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20
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Li S, Li L. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on multiple sclerosis: focus on immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260663. [PMID: 37841264 PMCID: PMC10570846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neuroimmunological illness that leads to neurological disability in young adults. Although the etiology of MS is heterogeneous, it is well established that aberrant activity of adaptive and innate immune cells plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Several immune cell abnormalities have been described in MS and its animal models, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, microglia/macrophages, and astrocytes, among others. Physical exercise offers a valuable alternative or adjunctive disease-modifying therapy for MS. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise may reduce the autoimmune responses triggered by immune cells in MS. This is partially accomplished by restricting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, curbing hyperactivation of immune cells, and facilitating a transition in the balance of immune cells from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. This review provides a succinct overview of the correlation between physical exercise, immune cells, and MS pathology, and highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shichang Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Long Z, Zeng L, He Q, Yang K, Xiang W, Ren X, Deng Y, Chen H. Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of iguratimod in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150661. [PMID: 37809072 PMCID: PMC10552782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving multiple cell types, cytokines, antibodies and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to improve these autoimmune responses, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antibodies, and small molecule drugs (DMARDs), which are prevalent clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. However, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient non-response are unattractive factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. As a new disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, iguratimod has pharmacological activities such as regulating autoimmune disorders, inflammatory cytokines, regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and proliferation, improving bone metabolism, and inhibiting fibrosis. In recent years, clinical studies have found that iguratimod is effective in the treatment of RA, SLE, IGG4-RD, Sjogren 's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, interstitial lung disease, and other autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases. The amount of basic and clinical research on other autoimmune diseases is also increasing. Therefore, this review systematically reviews the latest relevant literature in recent years, reviews the research results in recent years, and summarizes the research progress of iguratimod in the treatment of related diseases. This review highlights the role of iguratimod in the protection of autoimmune and rheumatic bone and related immune diseases. It is believed that iguratimod's unique mode of action and its favorable patient response compared to other DMARDs make it a suitable antirheumatic and bone protective agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Long
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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22
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Xue J, Lin J, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Tang J, Han J, Wu S, Liu C, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhuo Y. Alleviating early demyelination in ischaemia/reperfusion by inhibiting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 could protect visual function from impairment. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13161. [PMID: 37142391 PMCID: PMC10467042 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and axonal degeneration, resulting in irreversible visual impairment. However, there are no available neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies for retinal I/R injury, and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. The role of the myelin sheath of the optic nerve after retinal I/R remains unknown. Here, we report that demyelination of the optic nerve is an early pathological feature of retinal I/R and identify sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a therapeutic target for alleviating demyelination in a model of retinal I/R caused by rapid changes in intraocular pressure. Targeting the myelin sheath via S1PR2 protected RGCs and visual function. In our experiment, we observed early damage to the myelin sheath and persistent demyelination accompanied by S1PR2 overexpression after injury. Blockade of S1PR2 by the pharmacological inhibitor JTE-013 reversed demyelination, increased the number of oligodendrocytes, and inhibited microglial activation, contributing to the survival of RGCs and alleviating axonal damage. Finally, we evaluated the postoperative recovery of visual function by recording visual evoked potentials and assessing the quantitative optomotor response. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that alleviating demyelination by inhibiting S1PR2 overexpression may be a therapeutic strategy for retinal I/R-related visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Canying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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23
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Pang Y, Zhao W, Sun P, Li L. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102026. [PMID: 37532007 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in 2010, there has been a significant amount of research conducted to explore its regulatory role in the physiology and pathology of various organ systems. Recently, a growing body of compelling evidence has emerged linking the activity of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel to health and disease of the central nervous system. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these associations remain inadequately comprehended. This review systematically summarizes the current research on the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel and its implications for central nervous system mechanobiology, retrospects the results demonstrating the regulatory role of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel on various cell types within the central nervous system, including neural stem cells, neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, and brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, the review discusses the current understanding of the involvement of the Piezo1 channel in central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, stroke, and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yige Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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24
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Gill AJ, Schorr EM, Gadani SP, Calabresi PA. Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250228. [PMID: 37194443 PMCID: PMC10524168 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical, unmet need for sensitive and specific biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and the development of new interventions, particularly for people with progressive disease. This review evaluates the current data for several emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in people with MS. MRI findings such as the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions may improve MS diagnostic accuracy and evaluation of therapy efficacy in progressive disease. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of several neuroglial proteins, such as neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein, show potential to be sensitive biomarkers of pathologic processes such as neuro-axonal injury or glial-inflammation. Additional promising biomarkers, including optical coherence tomography, cytokines and chemokines, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles/exosomes, are also reviewed, among others. Beyond their potential integration into MS clinical care and interventional trials, several of these biomarkers may be informative of MS pathogenesis and help elucidate novel targets for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Gill
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Emily M. Schorr
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Sachin P. Gadani
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, US
- Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, US
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baltimore, MD, US
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25
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Krušič M, Jezernik G, Potočnik U. Gene Ontology Analysis Highlights Biological Processes Influencing Responsiveness to Biological Therapy in Psoriasis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2024. [PMID: 37631238 PMCID: PMC10459906 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated and inflammatory skin disease. Although various biological drugs are available for psoriasis treatment, some patients have poor responses or do not respond to treatment. The aim of the present study was to highlight the molecular mechanism of responsiveness to current biological drugs for psoriasis treatment. To this end, we reviewed previously published articles that reported genes associated with treatment response to biological drugs in psoriasis, and gene ontology analysis was subsequently performed using the Cytoscape platform. Herein, we revealed a statistically significant association between NF-kappaB signaling (p value = 3.37 × 10-9), regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production (p value = 6.20 × 10-6), glial cell proliferation (p value = 2.41 × 10-5) and treatment response in psoriatic patients. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly associate glial cells with treatment response. Taken together, our study revealed gene ontology (GO) terms, some of which were previously shown to be implicated in the molecular pathway of psoriasis, as novel GO terms involved in responsiveness in psoriatic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Krušič
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.K.); (G.J.)
| | - Gregor Jezernik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.K.); (G.J.)
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.K.); (G.J.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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26
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Jakimovski D, Qureshi F, Ramanathan M, Gehman V, Keshavan A, Leyden K, Dwyer MG, Bergsland N, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R. Proteomics and relationship with axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: 5-year diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad183. [PMID: 37361716 PMCID: PMC10288551 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers can be economic and easily accessible tools for monitoring and predicting disease activity in multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of a multivariate proteomic assay for concurrent and future microstructural/axonal brain pathology in a longitudinal study of a heterogeneous group of people with multiple sclerosis. A proteomic analysis was obtained on serum samples from 202 people with multiple sclerosis (148 relapsing-remitting and 54 progressive) at baseline and 5-year follow-up. The concentration of 21 proteins related to multiple pathways of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology was derived using Proximity Extension Assay on the Olink platform. Patients were imaged on the same 3T MRI scanner at both timepoints. Тhe rate of whole brain, white matter and grey matter atrophy over the 5-year follow-up was determined using the multi-timepoint Structural Image Evaluation, using Normalisation, of Atrophy algorithms. Lesion burden measures were also assessed. The severity of microstructural axonal brain pathology was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of normal-appearing brain tissue, normal-appearing white matter, grey matter, T2 and T1 lesions were calculated. Age, sex and body mass index-adjusted step-wise regression models were used. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was the most common and highest-ranked proteomic biomarker associated with greater concurrent microstructural central nervous system alterations (P < 0.001). The rate of whole brain atrophy was associated with baseline levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, protogenin precursor, neurofilament light chain and myelin oligodendrocyte (P < 0.009), whereas grey matter atrophy was associated with higher baseline neurofilament light chain, higher osteopontin and lower protogenin precursor levels (P < 0.016). Higher baseline glial fibrillary acidic protein level was a significant predictor of future severity of the microstructural CNS alterations as measured by normal-appearing brain tissue fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (standardized β = -0.397/0.327, P < 0.001), normal-appearing white matter fractional anisotropy (standardized β = -0.466, P < 0.0012), grey matter mean diffusivity (standardized β = 0.346, P < 0.011) and T2 lesion mean diffusivity (standardized β = 0.416, P < 0.001) at the 5-year follow-up. Serum levels of myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, neurofilament light chain, contactin-2 and osteopontin proteins were additionally and independently associated with worse concomitant and future axonal pathology. Higher glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were associated with future disability progression (Exp(B) = 8.65, P = 0.004). Multiple proteomic biomarkers are independently associated with greater severity of axonal brain pathology as measured by diffusion tensor imaging in multiple sclerosis. Baseline serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels can predict future disability progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Dwyer
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20113, Italy
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Correspondence to: Robert Zivadinov, MD, PhD Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute University at Buffalo, 100 High St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA E-mail:
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27
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Qi C, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Chen W, Vakal S, Chen JF, Zheng W. A 2AR antagonist treatment for multiple sclerosis: Current progress and future prospects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:185-223. [PMID: 37741692 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both selective and non-selective Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists could effectively protect mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is the most commonly used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Meanwhile, the recent FDA approval of Nourianz® (istradefylline) in 2019 as an add-on treatment to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) with "OFF" episodes, along with its proven clinical safety, has prompted us to explore the potential of A2AR antagonists in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) through clinical trials. However, despite promising findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the complex and contradictory role of A2AR signaling in EAE pathology has raised concerns about the feasibility of using A2AR antagonists as a therapeutic approach for MS. This review addresses the potential effect of A2AR antagonists on EAE/MS in both the peripheral immune system (PIS) and the central nervous system (CNS). In brief, A2AR antagonists had a moderate effect on the proliferation and inflammatory response, while exhibiting a potent anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS through their impact on microglia, astrocytes, and the endothelial cells/epithelium of the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, A2AR signaling remains an essential immunomodulator in EAE/MS, suggesting that A2AR antagonists hold promise as a drug class for treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.
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28
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Shi Z, Wang X, Wang J, Chen H, Du Q, Lang Y, Kong L, Luo W, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Wen D, Yao J, Cheng X, Cai L, Lin X, Wang R, Mou Z, Li S, Liu D, Zhou H, Zhou H, Yang M. Granzyme B + CD8 + T cells with terminal differentiated effector signature determine multiple sclerosis progression. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:138. [PMID: 37268957 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration with autoimmune responses in central nervous system. Patients begin with a relapsing-remitting (RR) course, and more than 80% of them may advance to secondary progressive MS (SPMS), which is characteristic for the gradual decline of neurological functions without demonstrated treating method to prevent. This study aims to investigate the contribution of peripheral CD8 + T cells during the conversion from RRMS to SPMS, as well as reveal potential diagnostic signature in distinguishing SPMS. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to reveal the heterogeneity of CD8 + T cells between SPMS and RRMS. In addition, flow cytometry was used to further characterized CD8 + T cell dynamic changes in patients. T cell receptor sequencing was performed to detect the clonal expansion of MS. Using Tbx21 siRNA, T-bet was confirmed to manipulate GzmB expression. The correlation between GzmB + CD8 + T cell subsets and clinical characteristics of MS and their potential diagnostic value for SPMS were evaluated by generalized linear regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve respectively. RESULTS Other than diminished naïve CD8 + T cell, elevating of activated CD8 + T cell subsets were observed in SPMS patients. Meanwhile, this aberrant amplified peripheral CD8 + T cells not only exhibited terminal differentiated effector (EMRA) phenotype with GzmB expression, but also possessed distinct trajectory from clonal expansion. In addition, T-bet acted as a key transcriptional factor that elicited GzmB expression in CD8 + TEMRA cells of patients with SPMS. Finally, the expression of GzmB in CD8 + T cells was positively correlated with disability and progression of MS, and could effectively distinguish SPMS from RRMS with a high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our study mapped peripheral immune cells of RRMS and SPMS patients and provided an evidence for the involvement of GzmB + CD8 + TEMRA cells in the progression of MS, which could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing SPMS from RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Shi
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanlin Lang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingyao Kong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Li
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.55 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dingke Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.55 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xia Cheng
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.55 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Linjun Cai
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zichao Mou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Duanya Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.28 Dianxin Nan Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Mu Yang
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.55 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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29
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Distéfano-Gagné F, Bitarafan S, Lacroix S, Gosselin D. Roles and regulation of microglia activity in multiple sclerosis: insights from animal models. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41583-023-00709-6. [PMID: 37268822 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As resident macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critical immune effectors of inflammatory lesions and associated neural dysfunctions. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal models, chronic microglial inflammatory activity damages myelin and disrupts axonal and synaptic activity. In contrast to these detrimental effects, the potent phagocytic and tissue-remodelling capabilities of microglia support critical endogenous repair mechanisms. Although these opposing capabilities have long been appreciated, a precise understanding of their underlying molecular effectors is only beginning to emerge. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of microglia in animal models of MS and demyelinating lesions and the mechanisms that underlie their damaging and repairing activities. We also discuss how the structured organization and regulation of the genome enables complex transcriptional heterogeneity within the microglial cell population at demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Distéfano-Gagné
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - David Gosselin
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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30
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Krämer J, Bar-Or A, Turner TJ, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:289-304. [PMID: 37055617 PMCID: PMC10100639 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). However, approved therapies are less effective at slowing disability accumulation in patients with MS, in part owing to their lack of relevant effects on CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, which has been proposed to drive disability. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signalling molecule involved in the regulation of maturation, survival, migration and activation of B cells and microglia. As CNS-compartmentalized B cells and microglia are considered central to the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS, treatment with CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors might curtail disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Five BTK inhibitors that differ in selectivity, strength of inhibition, binding mechanisms and ability to modulate immune cells within the CNS are currently under investigation in clinical trials as a treatment for MS. This Review describes the role of BTK in various immune cells implicated in MS, provides an overview of preclinical data on BTK inhibitors and discusses the (largely preliminary) data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Neurotherapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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31
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Palacio PL, Pleet ML, Reátegui E, Magaña SM. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 377:578064. [PMID: 36934525 PMCID: PMC10124134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While the therapeutic arsenal has expanded significantly for management of relapsing forms of MS, treatment of individuals with progressive MS is suboptimal. This treatment inequality is in part due to an incomplete understanding of pathomechanisms at different stages of the disease-underscoring the critical need for new biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their bioactive cargo have emerged as endogenous nanoparticles with great theranostic potential-as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and ultimately as therapeutic candidates for precision nanotherapeutics. The goals of this review are to: 1) summarize the current data investigating the role of EVs and their bioactive cargo in MS pathogenesis, 2) provide a high level overview of advances and challenges in EV isolation and characterization for translational studies, and 3) conclude with future perspectives on this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Loreto Palacio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Pleet
- Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Setty M Magaña
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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32
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Antel JP, Kennedy TE, Kuhlmann T. Seeking neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: an ongoing challenge. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168595. [PMID: 37009896 PMCID: PMC10065069 DOI: 10.1172/jci168595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS, featuring inflammation and demyelination with variable recovery. In this issue of the JCI, Kapell, Fazio, and authors address the potential for targeting neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at the nodes of Ranvier as a neuroprotective strategy during inflammatory demyelination of the CNS in experimental MS. Their extensive and impressive study could serve as a template for defining the physiologic properties of a putative protective pathway. The authors examined MS features in existent disease models, investigated the impact of pharmacologic intervention, and evaluated its status in tissues from patients with MS. We await future studies that will tackle the challenge of translating these findings into a clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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33
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Taing K, Chen L, Weng HR. Emerging roles of GPR109A in regulation of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases and pain. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:763-768. [PMID: 36204834 PMCID: PMC9700108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathological process of multiple neurological disorders and pathological pain conditions. GPR109A, a Gi protein-coupled receptor, has emerged as an important therapeutic target for controlling inflammation in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarized current data about the role of GPR109A in neuroinflammation. Specifically, we focused on the pharmacological features of GPR109A and signaling pathways used by GPR109A to ameliorate neuroinflammation and symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Taing
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
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34
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Suptela AJ, Marriott I. Cytosolic DNA sensors and glial responses to endogenous DNA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130172. [PMID: 36999037 PMCID: PMC10043442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a key driving force for the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. The initiation of DNA damage responses is a critical step in maintaining genomic integrity and preventing such diseases. However, the absence of these responses or their inability to repair genomic or mitochondrial DNA damage resulting from insults, including ionizing radiation or oxidative stress, can lead to an accumulation of self-DNA in the cytoplasm. Resident CNS cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, are known to produce critical immune mediators following CNS infection due to the recognition of pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns by specialized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently, multiple intracellular PRRs, including cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, interferon gamma-inducible 16, absent in melanoma 2, and Z-DNA binding protein, have been identified as cytosolic DNA sensors and to play critical roles in glial immune responses to infectious agents. Intriguingly, these nucleic acid sensors have recently been shown to recognize endogenous DNA and trigger immune responses in peripheral cell types. In the present review, we discuss the available evidence that cytosolic DNA sensors are expressed by resident CNS cells and can mediate their responses to the presence of self-DNA. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for glial DNA sensor-mediated responses to provide protection against tumorigenesis versus the initiation of potentially detrimental neuroinflammation that could initiate or foster the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Determining the mechanisms that underlie the detection of cytosolic DNA by glia and the relative role of each pathway in the context of specific CNS disorders and their stages may prove pivotal in our understanding of the pathogenesis of such conditions and might be leveraged to develop new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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35
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Tovo PA, Marozio L, Abbona G, Calvi C, Frezet F, Gambarino S, Dini M, Benedetto C, Galliano I, Bergallo M. Pregnancy Is Associated with Impaired Transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and of TRIM28 and SETDB1, Particularly in Mothers Affected by Multiple Sclerosis. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030710. [PMID: 36992419 PMCID: PMC10051116 DOI: 10.3390/v15030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights the pathogenetic role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in eliciting and maintaining multiple sclerosis (MS). Epigenetic mechanisms, such as those regulated by TRIM 28 and SETDB1, are implicated in HERV activation and in neuroinflammatory disorders, including MS. Pregnancy markedly improves the course of MS, but no study explored the expressions of HERVs and of TRIM28 and SETDB1 during gestation. Using a polymerase chain reaction real-time Taqman amplification assay, we assessed and compared the transcriptional levels of pol genes of HERV-H, HERV-K, HERV-W; of env genes of Syncytin (SYN)1, SYN2, and multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus (MSRV); and of TRIM28 and SETDB1 in peripheral blood and placenta from 20 mothers affected by MS; from 27 healthy mothers, in cord blood from their neonates; and in blood from healthy women of child-bearing age. The HERV mRNA levels were significantly lower in pregnant than in nonpregnant women. Expressions of all HERVs were downregulated in the chorion and in the decidua basalis of MS mothers compared to healthy mothers. The former also showed lower mRNA levels of HERV-K-pol and of SYN1, SYN2, and MSRV in peripheral blood. Significantly lower expressions of TRIM28 and SETDB1 also emerged in pregnant vs. nonpregnant women and in blood, chorion, and decidua of mothers with MS vs. healthy mothers. In contrast, HERV and TRIM28/SETDB1 expressions were comparable between their neonates. These results show that gestation is characterized by impaired expressions of HERVs and TRIM28/SETDB1, particularly in mothers with MS. Given the beneficial effects of pregnancy on MS and the wealth of data suggesting the putative contribution of HERVs and epigenetic processes in the pathogenesis of the disease, our findings may further support innovative therapeutic interventions to block HERV activation and to control aberrant epigenetic pathways in MS-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Angelo Tovo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.-A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Luca Marozio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Abbona
- Pathology Unit, Department Laboratory Medicine, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Calvi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Frezet
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Gambarino
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.-A.T.); (M.B.)
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36
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Manuel AM, Dai Y, Jia P, Freeman LA, Zhao Z. A gene regulatory network approach harmonizes genetic and epigenetic signals and reveals repurposable drug candidates for multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:998-1009. [PMID: 36282535 PMCID: PMC9991005 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex dysimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 233 genetic variations associated with MS at the genome-wide significant level. Epigenetic studies have pinpointed differentially methylated CpG sites in MS patients. However, the interplay between genetic risk factors and epigenetic regulation remains elusive. Here, we employed a network model to integrate GWAS summary statistics of 14 802 MS cases and 26 703 controls with DNA methylation profiles from 140 MS cases and 139 controls and the human interactome. We identified differentially methylated genes by aggregating additive effects of differentially methylated CpG sites within promoter regions. We reconstructed a gene regulatory network (GRN) using literature-curated transcription factor knowledge. Colocalization of the MS GWAS and methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) was performed to assess the GRN. The resultant MS-associated GRN highlighted several single nucleotide polymorphisms with GWAS-mQTL colocalization: rs6032663, rs6065926 and rs2024568 of CD40 locus, rs9913597 of STAT3 locus, and rs887864 and rs741175 of CIITA locus. Moreover, synergistic mQTL and expression QTL signals were identified in CD40, suggesting gene expression alteration was likely induced by epigenetic changes. Web-based Cell-type Specific Enrichment Analysis of Genes (WebCSEA) indicated that the GRN was enriched in T follicular helper cells (P-value = 0.0016). Drug target enrichment analysis of annotations from the Therapeutic Target Database revealed the GRN was also enriched with drug target genes (P-value = 3.89 × 10-4), revealing repurposable candidates for MS treatment. These candidates included vorinostat (HDAC1 inhibitor) and sivelestat (ELANE inhibitor), which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Manuel
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leorah A Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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37
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Guha A, Husain MA, Si Y, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Promer G, Smith R, King PH. RNA regulation of inflammatory responses in glia and its potential as a therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Glia 2023; 71:485-508. [PMID: 36380708 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia and astrocytes with the induction of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6. Neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression in a plethora of neurological disorders ranging from acute CNS trauma to chronic neurodegenerative disease. Posttranscriptional pathways of mRNA stability and translational efficiency are major drivers for the expression of these inflammatory mediators. A common element in this level of regulation centers around the adenine- and uridine-rich element (ARE) which is present in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNAs encoding these inflammatory mediators. (ARE)-binding proteins (AUBPs) such as Human antigen R (HuR), Tristetraprolin (TTP) and KH- type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) are key nodes for directing these posttranscriptional pathways and either promote (HuR) or suppress (TTP and KSRP) glial production of inflammatory mediators. This review will discuss basic concepts of ARE-mediated RNA regulation and its impact on glial-driven neuroinflammatory diseases. We will discuss strategies to target this novel level of gene regulation for therapeutic effect and review exciting preliminary studies that underscore its potential for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - L Burt Nabors
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Grace Promer
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Reed Smith
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Department of Veterans Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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38
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Charabati M, Wheeler MA, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting. Cell 2023; 186:1309-1327. [PMID: 37001498 PMCID: PMC10119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune interactions between glial, neural, and immune cells play important roles in MS pathology and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review underlying risk factors, mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, available disease modifying therapies, and examine the value of emerging technologies, which may address unmet clinical needs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Effects of Cannabidiol on Innate Immunity: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043125. [PMID: 36834537 PMCID: PMC9964491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main non-psychotropic cannabinoid derived from cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., fam. Cannabaceae). CBD has received approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. However, CBD also has prominent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; evidence exists that it could be beneficial in chronic inflammation, and even in acute inflammatory conditions, such as those due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, we review available evidence concerning CBD's effects on the modulation of innate immunity. Despite the lack so far of clinical studies, extensive preclinical evidence in different models, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, and even ex vivo experiments on cells from human healthy subjects, shows that CBD exerts a wide range of inhibitory effects by decreasing cytokine production and tissue infiltration, and acting on a variety of other inflammation-related functions in several innate immune cells. Clinical studies are now warranted to establish the therapeutic role of CBD in diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases, cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Schwarz K, Schmitz F. Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021639. [PMID: 36675155 PMCID: PMC9862173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful process not only in the white matter but also in the grey matter of the brain. In the grey matter, neuroinflammation causes synapse dysfunctions. Synapse dysfunctions in MS occur early and independent from white matter demyelination and are likely correlates of cognitive and mental symptoms in MS. Disturbed synapse/glia interactions and elevated neuroinflammatory signals play a central role. Glutamatergic excitotoxic synapse damage emerges as a major mechanism. We review synapse/glia communication under normal conditions and summarize how this communication becomes malfunctional during neuroinflammation in MS. We discuss mechanisms of how disturbed glia/synapse communication can lead to synapse dysfunctions, signaling dysbalance, and neurodegeneration in MS.
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Nasl-Khameneh AM, Mirshafiey A, Moghadasi AN, Yekaninejad MS, Parastouei K, Nejati S, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. The immunomodulatory effects of all-trans retinoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid combination treatment on the expression of IL-2, IL-4, T-bet, and GATA3 genes in PBMCs of multiple sclerosis patients. Neurol Res 2023; 45:510-519. [PMID: 36598970 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2162222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Neither the pathogenesis nor the effectiveness of treatment of MS has been fully understood. This in vitro trial evaluated the beneficial immunomodulatory effects of single and combined treatments of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients who were receiving interferon beta (IFN-β). METHODS The PBMCs of 15 RRMS patients were isolated, cultured, and treated with single and combined treatments of ATRA and DHA. The expressions of IL-2, IL-4, T-bet, and GATA3 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that a single treatment of ATRA could significantly suppress the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-2 (P < 0.05), and related transcription factor, T-bet (P < 0.001). The gene expression level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, and its transcription factor, GATA3, were not significantly changed. The expression of IL-2 and T-bet genes was significantly decreased in combination treatments of ATRA and DHA (P < 0.001). Significant suppression of IL-2 and T-bet (P < 0.001) was observed in ATRA and DHA combination therapy with half doses of their single treatment, which suggested a synergistic effect of these components. DISCUSSION Co-administration of vitamin A and DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid derivative, may exert a synergistic effect in modulating the immune system in MS patients; however, more studies are needed to evaluate the exact effects and mechanism of their actions on the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateke Mousavi Nasl-Khameneh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Department of Neurology and MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Nejati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pasquini L, Wies Mancini VB, Di Pietro A. Microglia depletion as a therapeutic strategy: friend or foe in multiple sclerosis models? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:267-272. [PMID: 35900401 PMCID: PMC9396475 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic central nervous system demyelinating disease whose onset and progression are driven by a combination of immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors. The activation of microglia and astrocytes is a key player in multiple sclerosis immunopathology, playing specific roles associated with anatomical location and phase of the disease and controlling demyelination and neurodegeneration. Even though reactive microglia can damage tissue and heighten deleterious effects and neurodegeneration, activated microglia also perform neuroprotective functions such as debris phagocytosis and growth factor secretion. Astrocytes can be activated into pro-inflammatory phenotype A1 through a mechanism mediated by activated neuroinflammatory microglia, which could also mediate neurodegeneration. This A1 phenotype inhibits oligodendrocyte proliferation and differentiation and is toxic to both oligodendrocytes and neurons. However, astroglial activation into phenotype A2 may also take place in response to neurodegeneration and as a protective mechanism. A variety of animal models mimicking specific multiple sclerosis features and the associated pathophysiological processes have helped establish the cascades of events that lead to the initiation, progression, and resolution of the disease. The colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor is expressed by myeloid lineage cells such as peripheral monocytes and macrophages and central nervous system microglia. Importantly, as microglia development and survival critically rely on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition can almost completely eliminate microglia from the brain. In this context, the present review discusses the impact of microglial depletion through colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition on demyelination, neurodegeneration, astroglial activation, and behavior in different multiple sclerosis models, highlighting the diversity of microglial effects on the progression of demyelinating diseases and the strengths and weaknesses of microglial modulation in therapy design.
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Kann O, Almouhanna F, Chausse B. Interferon γ: a master cytokine in microglia-mediated neural network dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:913-927. [PMID: 36283867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, lymphocytic interferon γ (IFN-γ) was considered to be a simple 'booster' of proinflammatory responses by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) during bacterial or viral infection. Recent slice culture (in situ) and in vivo studies suggest, however, that IFN-γ has a unique role in microglial activation. Priming by IFN-γ results in proliferation (microgliosis), enhanced synapse elimination, and moderate nitric oxide release sufficient to impair synaptic transmission, gamma rhythm activity, and cognitive functions. Moreover, IFN-γ is pivotal for driving Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated microglia into neurotoxic phenotypes that induce energetic and oxidative stress, severe network dysfunction, and neuronal death. Pharmacological targeting of activated microglia could be beneficial during elevated IFN-γ levels, blood-brain barrier leakage, and parenchymal T lymphocyte infiltration associated with, for instance, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Motor Behavioral Deficits in the Cuprizone Model: Validity of the Rotarod Test Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911342. [PMID: 36232643 PMCID: PMC9570024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder, which is histopathologically characterized by multifocal inflammatory demyelinating lesions affecting both the central nervous system’s white and grey matter. Especially during the progressive phases of the disease, immunomodulatory treatment strategies lose their effectiveness. To develop novel progressive MS treatment options, pre-clinical animal models are indispensable. Among the various different models, the cuprizone de- and remyelination model is frequently used. While most studies determine tissue damage and repair at the histological and ultrastructural level, functional readouts are less commonly applied. Among the various overt functional deficits, gait and coordination abnormalities are commonly observed in MS patients. Motor behavior is mediated by a complex neural network that originates in the cortex and terminates in the skeletal muscles. Several methods exist to determine gait abnormalities in small rodents, including the rotarod testing paradigm. In this review article, we provide an overview of the validity and characteristics of the rotarod test in cuprizone-intoxicated mice.
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45
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Hong H, Lu X, Lu Q, Huang C, Cui Z. Potential therapeutic effects and pharmacological evidence of sinomenine in central nervous system disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015035. [PMID: 36188580 PMCID: PMC9523510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine is a natural compound extracted from the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. Its supplementation has been shown to present benefits in a variety of animal models of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, depression, multiple sclerosis, morphine tolerance, and glioma. Therefore, sinomenine is now considered a potential agent for the prevention and/or treatment of CNS disorders. Mechanistic studies have shown that inhibition of oxidative stress, microglia- or astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are common mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of sinomenine. Other mechanisms, including activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), induction of autophagy in response to inhibition of protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), may also mediate the anti-glioma and neuroprotective effects of sinomenine. Sinomenine treatment has also been shown to enhance dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2)-mediated nuclear translocation of αB-crystallin (CRYAB) in astrocytes, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation via inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, sinomenine supplementation can suppress N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx and induce γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor-mediated Cl− influx, each of which contributes to the improvement of morphine dependence and sleep disturbance. In this review, we outline the pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of sinomenine in CNS disorders to advance the development of sinomenine as a new drug for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiming Cui,
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Kolb H, Al-Louzi O, Beck ES, Sati P, Absinta M, Reich DS. From pathology to MRI and back: Clinically relevant biomarkers of multiple sclerosis lesions. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103194. [PMID: 36170753 PMCID: PMC9668624 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Focal lesions in both white and gray matter are characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Histopathological studies have helped define the main underlying pathological processes involved in lesion formation and evolution, serving as a gold standard for many years. However, histopathology suffers from an intrinsic bias resulting from over-reliance on tissue samples from late stages of the disease or atypical cases and is inadequate for routine patient assessment. Pathological-radiological correlative studies have established advanced MRI's sensitivity to several relevant MS-pathological substrates and its practicality for assessing dynamic changes and following lesions over time. This review focuses on novel imaging techniques that serve as biomarkers of critical pathological substrates of MS lesions: the central vein, chronic inflammation, remyelination and repair, and cortical lesions. For each pathological process, we address the correlative value of MRI to MS pathology, its contribution in elucidating MS pathology in vivo, and the clinical utility of the imaging biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Kolb
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel,Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel.
| | - Omar Al-Louzi
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin S. Beck
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCSS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Schubert C, Schulz K, Träger S, Plath AL, Omriouate A, Rosenkranz SC, Morellini F, Friese MA, Hirnet D. Neuronal Adenosine A1 Receptor is Critical for Olfactory Function but Unable to Attenuate Olfactory Dysfunction in Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:912030. [PMID: 35846561 PMCID: PMC9279574 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.912030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as the nucleoside adenosine are important modulators of neuronal function by engaging P1 and P2 purinergic receptors. In mitral cells, signaling of the G protein-coupled P1 receptor adenosine 1 receptor (A1R) affects the olfactory sensory pathway by regulating high voltage-activated calcium channels and two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels. The inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) impairs the olfactory function and gives rise to large amounts of extracellular ATP and adenosine, which act as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, respectively. However, it is unclear whether neuronal A1R in the olfactory bulb modulates the sensory function and how this is impacted by inflammation. Here, we show that signaling via neuronal A1R is important for the physiological olfactory function, while it cannot counteract inflammation-induced hyperexcitability and olfactory deficit. Using neuron-specific A1R-deficient mice in patch-clamp recordings, we found that adenosine modulates spontaneous dendro-dendritic signaling in mitral and granule cells via A1R. Furthermore, neuronal A1R deficiency resulted in olfactory dysfunction in two separate olfactory tests. In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we detected immune cell infiltration and microglia activation in the olfactory bulb as well as hyperexcitability of mitral cells and olfactory dysfunction. However, neuron-specific A1R activity was unable to attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity in the primary olfactory bulb neurons in vitro or EAE-induced olfactory dysfunction and disease severity in vivo. Together, we demonstrate that A1R modulates the dendro-dendritic inhibition (DDI) at the site of mitral and granule cells and impacts the processing of the olfactory sensory information, while A1R activity was unable to counteract inflammation-induced hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schubert
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schulz
- Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Träger
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Plath
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Asina Omriouate
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sina C. Rosenkranz
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manuel A. Friese,
| | - Daniela Hirnet
- Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Daniela Hirnet,
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Boda E, Boscia F, Lohr C. Editorial: The Role of Astroglia and Oligodendroglia in CNS Development, Plasticity, and Disease – Novel Tools and Investigative Approaches. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:901820. [PMID: 35614969 PMCID: PMC9126039 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.901820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Boda
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enrica Boda
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Zang X, Chen S, Zhu J, Ma J, Zhai Y. The Emerging Role of Central and Peripheral Immune Systems in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:872134. [PMID: 35547626 PMCID: PMC9082639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.872134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral immune cells and humoral immune factors. This view has been revised in recent years, with increasing evidence revealing that the peripheral immune system plays a critical role in regulating CNS homeostasis and disease. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and the loss of neurons in the CNS. An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of the connection between the peripheral immune system and the CNS in neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, peripherally released cytokines can cross the BBB, cause direct neurotoxicity and contribute to the activation of microglia and astrocytes. On the other hand, peripheral immune cells can also infiltrate the brain and participate in the progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases have a high morbidity and disability rate, yet there are no effective therapies to stop or reverse their progression. In recent years, neuroinflammation has received much attention as a therapeutic target for many neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of the peripheral and central immune systems in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their interactions. A better understanding of the emerging role of the immune systems may improve therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - JunYao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Zhai
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50
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Deng S, Gan L, Liu C, Xu T, Zhou S, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Tian H, Tang Y. Roles of Ependymal Cells in the Physiology and Pathology of the Central Nervous System. Aging Dis 2022; 14:468-483. [PMID: 37008045 PMCID: PMC10017161 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymal cells are indispensable components of the central nervous system (CNS). They originate from neuroepithelial cells of the neural plate and show heterogeneity, with at least three types that are localized in different locations of the CNS. As glial cells in the CNS, accumulating evidence demonstrates that ependymal cells play key roles in mammalian CNS development and normal physiological processes by controlling the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain metabolism, and waste clearance. Ependymal cells have been attached to great importance by neuroscientists because of their potential to participate in CNS disease progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that ependymal cells participate in the development and progression of various neurological diseases, such as spinal cord injury and hydrocephalus, raising the possibility that they may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the disease. This review focuses on the function of ependymal cells in the developmental CNS as well as in the CNS after injury and discusses the underlying mechanisms of controlling the functions of ependymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaohui Tang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yaohui Tang, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .
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