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Sola Fraca D, Sánchez Garrigós E, de Francisco Moure J, Marín Gonzalez B, Badiola Díez JJ, Acín Tresaco C. Sleep disturbance in clinical and preclinical scrapie-infected sheep measured by polysomnography. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 38698657 PMCID: PMC11073408 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2349674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by neuronal loss and abnormal deposition of pathological proteins in the nervous system. Among the most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are one of the most common symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, one of the main objectives in the study of TSEs is to try to establish an early diagnosis, as clinical signs do not appear until the damage to the central nervous system is very advanced, which prevents any therapeutic approach. In this paper, we provide the first description of sleep disturbance caused by classical scrapie in clinical and preclinical sheep using polysomnography compared to healthy controls. Fifteen sheep classified into three groups, clinical, preclinical and negative control, were analysed. The results show a decrease in total sleep time as the disease progresses, with significant changes between control, clinical and pre-clinical animals. The results also show an increase in sleep fragmentation in clinical animals compared to preclinical and control animals. In addition, sheep with clinical scrapie show a total loss of Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM) and alterations in Non Rapid Eyes Movement sleep (NREM) compared to control sheep, demonstrating more shallow sleep. Although further research is needed, these results suggest that prion diseases also produce sleep disturbances in animals and that polysomnography could be a diagnostic tool of interest in clinical and preclinical cases of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sola Fraca
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Belén Marín Gonzalez
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola Díez
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Acín Tresaco
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Wen J, Yang Z, Nasrallah IM, Cui Y, Erus G, Srinivasan D, Abdulkadir A, Mamourian E, Hwang G, Singh A, Bergman M, Bao J, Varol E, Zhou Z, Boquet-Pujadas A, Chen J, Toga AW, Saykin AJ, Hohman TJ, Thompson PM, Villeneuve S, Gollub R, Sotiras A, Wittfeld K, Grabe HJ, Tosun D, Bilgel M, An Y, Marcus DS, LaMontagne P, Benzinger TL, Heckbert SR, Austin TR, Launer LJ, Espeland M, Masters CL, Maruff P, Fripp J, Johnson SC, Morris JC, Albert MS, Bryan RN, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Fan Y, Habes M, Wolk D, Shen L, Shou H, Davatzikos C. Genetic and clinical correlates of two neuroanatomical AI dimensions in the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 39368996 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with heterogeneous atrophy patterns. We employed a semi-supervised representation learning technique known as Surreal-GAN, through which we identified two latent dimensional representations of brain atrophy in symptomatic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients: the "diffuse-AD" (R1) dimension shows widespread brain atrophy, and the "MTL-AD" (R2) dimension displays focal medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy. Critically, only R2 was associated with widely known sporadic AD genetic risk factors (e.g., APOE ε4) in MCI and AD patients at baseline. We then independently detected the presence of the two dimensions in the early stages by deploying the trained model in the general population and two cognitively unimpaired cohorts of asymptomatic participants. In the general population, genome-wide association studies found 77 genes unrelated to APOE differentially associated with R1 and R2. Functional analyses revealed that these genes were overrepresented in differentially expressed gene sets in organs beyond the brain (R1 and R2), including the heart (R1) and the pituitary gland, muscle, and kidney (R2). These genes were enriched in biological pathways implicated in dendritic cells (R2), macrophage functions (R1), and cancer (R1 and R2). Several of them were "druggable genes" for cancer (R1), inflammation (R1), cardiovascular diseases (R1), and diseases of the nervous system (R2). The longitudinal progression showed that APOE ε4, amyloid, and tau were associated with R2 at early asymptomatic stages, but this longitudinal association occurs only at late symptomatic stages in R1. Our findings deepen our understanding of the multifaceted pathogenesis of AD beyond the brain. In early asymptomatic stages, the two dimensions are associated with diverse pathological mechanisms, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and hormonal dysfunction-driven by genes different from APOE-which may collectively contribute to the early pathogenesis of AD. All results are publicly available at https://labs-laboratory.com/medicine/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wen
- Laboratory of AI and Biomedical Science (LABS), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya M Nasrallah
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuhan Cui
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dhivya Srinivasan
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdulkadir
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Research Lab in Neuroimaging of the Department of Clinical Neurosciences at Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Mamourian
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gyujoon Hwang
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashish Singh
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Bergman
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jingxuan Bao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erdem Varol
- Department of Statistics, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Laboratory of AI and Biomedical Science (LABS), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiong Chen
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Randy Gollub
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela LaMontagne
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Austin
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Neuroepidemiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Espeland
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian e-Health Research Centre CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David Wolk
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haochang Shou
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ibanez A, Slachevsky A. Environmental-genetic interactions in ageing and dementia across Latin America. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:571-572. [PMID: 38997472 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center, Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Physiopathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Clínica Alemana-University Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhu X, Sun S, Lin L, Wu Y, Ma X. Transformer-based approaches for neuroimaging: an in-depth review of their role in classification and regression tasks. Rev Neurosci 2024:revneuro-2024-0088. [PMID: 39333087 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of deep learning (DL), the transformer model emerges as a formidable neural network architecture, gaining significant traction in neuroimaging-based classification and regression tasks. This paper presents an extensive examination of transformer's application in neuroimaging, surveying recent literature to elucidate its current status and research advancement. Commencing with an exposition on the fundamental principles and structures of the transformer model and its variants, this review navigates through the methodologies and experimental findings pertaining to their utilization in neuroimage classification and regression tasks. We highlight the transformer model's prowess in neuroimaging, showcasing its exceptional performance in classification endeavors while also showcasing its burgeoning potential in regression tasks. Concluding with an assessment of prevailing challenges and future trajectories, this paper proffers insights into prospective research directions. By elucidating the current landscape and envisaging future trends, this review enhances comprehension of transformer's role in neuroimaging tasks, furnishing valuable guidance for further inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12496 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12496 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12496 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12496 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiangge Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12496 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing, 100124, China
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5
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Granzotto A, Vissel B, Sensi SL. Lost in translation: Inconvenient truths on the utility of mouse models in Alzheimer's disease research. eLife 2024; 13:e90633. [PMID: 39329365 PMCID: PMC11434637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent, controversial approval of antibody-based treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is fueling a heated debate on the molecular determinants of this condition. The discussion should also incorporate a critical revision of the limitations of preclinical mouse models in advancing our understanding of AD. We critically discuss the limitations of animal models, stressing the need for careful consideration of how experiments are designed and results interpreted. We identify the shortcomings of AD models to recapitulate the complexity of the human disease. We dissect these issues at the quantitative, qualitative, temporal, and context-dependent levels. We argue that these models are based on the oversimplistic assumptions proposed by the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) of AD and fail to account for the multifactorial nature of the condition. By shedding light on the constraints of current experimental tools, this review aims to foster the development and implementation of more clinically relevant tools. While we do not rule out a role for preclinical models, we call for alternative approaches to be explored and, most importantly, for a re-evaluation of the ACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Granzotto
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology – CAST, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St Vincent’s Hospital Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s HospitalDarlinghurstAustralia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology – CAST, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies – ITAB, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Institute of Neurology, SS Annunziata University Hospital, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
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6
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Zhang X, Lu Q, Meng X, Kim JY. Protocol to induce neurodegeneration in a local area of the mouse brain by stereotaxic injection. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103243. [PMID: 39096497 PMCID: PMC11342772 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In vivo models of brain pathology are crucial for studying neurological diseases. Here, we present a protocol to induce a pathological condition in a mouse brain area by local injection of neurotoxic stimulus. We describe steps for preparing reagents, stereotaxic injection procedures to induce neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and preparation of brain sections to examine the induced model. This protocol is useful for studying how local pathology affects other brain areas and neighbor cells and its functional consequences in behavior. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingqi Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jiao JJ, Hu Y, Cui YJ, Tuo CM, Wang YX, Li XY, Zhang Y, Wu MN. Anisomycin alleviates cognitive impairments and pathological features in 3xTg-AD mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 261:110159. [PMID: 39303856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseolus, which is an efficient anti-inflammatory agent that functions both in vivo and in vitro. However, it is not clear whether anisomycin can exert neuroprotective effect in AD. In the present study, anisomycin was intragastrically administrated to female triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) model mice, then Morris water maze test was used to observe the long-term spatial memory of mice, the in vivo hippocampal field potential recording was performed to evaluate the synaptic plasticity, the Western blot and immunofluorescence were employed to detect pathological changes, and the bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the potential target of anisomycin exerting effects in AD. The results showed that anisomycin ameliorated the long-term spatial memory deficits, improved LTP depression and increased the expression of PSD-95, reduced the Aβ and tau pathologies, and alleviated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice. In addition, the results from bioinformatics analysis showed that the potential target of anisomycin focused on inflammatory pathway. These results indicated that anisomycin exerts neuroprotective effects in 3xTg-AD mice by alleviating neuroinflammation, but the potential mechanism of anisomycin exerting neuroprotective effects needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Jiao
- Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-Jia Cui
- Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chun-Mei Tuo
- Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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McGlinchey E, Duran-Aniotz C, Akinyemi R, Arshad F, Zimmer ER, Cho H, Adewale BA, Ibanez A. Biomarkers of neurodegeneration across the Global South. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024:100616. [PMID: 39369726 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on neurodegenerative diseases has predominantly focused on high-income countries in the Global North. This Series paper describes the state of biomarker evidence for neurodegeneration in the Global South, including Latin America, Africa, and countries in south, east, and southeast Asia. Latin America shows growth in fluid biomarker and neuroimaging research, with notable advancements in genetics. Research in Africa focuses on genetics and cognition but there is a paucity of data on fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers. South and east Asia, particularly India and China, has achieved substantial progress in plasma, neuroimaging, and genetic studies. However, all three regions face several challenges in the form of a lack of harmonisation, insufficient funding, and few comparative studies both within the Global South, and between the Global North and Global South. Other barriers include scarce infrastructure, lack of knowledge centralisation, genetic and cultural diversity, sociocultural stigmas, and restricted access to tools such as PET scans. However, the diverse ethnic, genetic, economic, and cultural backgrounds in the Global South present unique opportunities for bidirectional learning, underscoring the need for global collaboration to enhance the understanding of dementia and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear McGlinchey
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Faheem Arshad
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PPGFT) and Biochemistry (PPGBioq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hanna Cho
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boluwatife Adeleye Adewale
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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9
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Arshavsky YI. Autoimmune hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: unanswered question. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:929-942. [PMID: 39163023 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00259.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described more than a century ago. However, there are still no effective approaches to its treatment, which may suggest that the search for the cure is not being conducted in the most productive direction. AD begins as selective impairments of declarative memory with no deficits in other cognitive functions. Therefore, understanding of the AD pathogenesis has to include the understanding of this selectivity. Currently, the main efforts aimed at prevention and treatment of AD are based on the dominating hypothesis for the AD pathogenesis: the amyloid hypothesis. But this hypothesis does not explain selective memory impairments since β-amyloid accumulates extracellularly and should be toxic to all types of cerebral neurons, not only to "memory engram neurons." To explain selective memory impairment, I propose the autoimmune hypothesis of AD, based on the analysis of risk factors for AD and molecular mechanisms of memory formation. Memory formation is associated with epigenetic modifications of chromatin in memory engram neurons and, therefore, might be accompanied by the expression of memory-specific proteins recognized by the adaptive immune system as "non-self" antigens. Normally, the brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). All risk factors for AD provoke BBB disruptions, possibly leading to an autoimmune reaction against memory engram neurons. This reaction would make them selectively sensitive to tauopathy. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the strategies for AD prevention and treatment would be radically changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Arshavsky
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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10
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Daly T. A philosophy of science approach to the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4707-4722. [PMID: 39119857 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Disputes about the scientific validity of the amyloid-β hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease have been held since the early 1990s, with little constructive progress made between opposing sides despite recent therapeutic progress. Here, I argue that philosophy of science can improve the chance of constructive debate by giving researchers technical language to describe and assess scientific progress. To do so, I interpret the amyloid hypothesis using a modified version of the research programme concept from philosopher of science Imre Lakatos. I first outline the amyloid-β hypothesis and study critiques of its central place in Alzheimer's research. Then, I draw on the complexity of amyloid-β and Alzheimer's research to discuss the limits of using concepts from popular philosophers of science Karl Popper or Thomas Kuhn, before finally arguing that an adaptation of the research programme concept can foster constructive debates about the science of Alzheimer's and within it. I will argue that the amyloid-β hypothesis has contributed to significant progress in the Alzheimer's field based on what Lakatos called the "positive heuristic" (motivating the programme to test its predictions) and the "negative heuristic" (protecting the programme from refutation). I consider the amyloid research agenda to be progressive despite the fact that its claims about disease aetiology could be wrong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Daly
- Bioethics Program, FLACSO Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Science Norms Democracy UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Huang Q, Wu W, Wen Y, Lu S, Zhao C. Potential therapeutic natural compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155822. [PMID: 38909512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease with cognitive impairment occurring in the older people, in which extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau are regarded as the prevailing theories. However, the exact AD mechanism has not been determined. Moreover, there is no effective treatment available in phase III trials to eradicate AD, which is imperative to explore novel treatments. PURPOSE A number of up-to-date pre-clinical studies on cognitive impairment is beneficial to clarify the pathology of AD. This review recapitulates several advances in AD pathobiology and discusses the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds, such as phenolic compounds, natural polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, peptide, and lipids, underscoring the therapeutic potential for AD. METHODS Electronic databases involving PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2023. Articles were conducted using the keywords like Alzheimer's disease, pathogenic mechanisms, natural compounds, and neuroprotection. RESULT This review summarized several AD pathologies and the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds such as natural polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, peptide, and lipids. CONCLUSION We have discussed the pathogenic mechanisms of AD and the effect natural products on neurodegenerative diseases particularly in treating AD. Specifically, we investigated the molecular pathways and links between natural compounds and Alzheimer's disease such as through NF-κB, Nrf2, and mTOR pathway. Further investigation is necessary in exploring the bioactivity and effectiveness of natural compounds in clinical trials, which may provide a promising treatment for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Suyue Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Hsiao PJ, Wu CD, Wong PY, Chung MC, Yang YW, Wu LY, Hsiao KY, Chung CJ. APOE-ε4 Alleles Modify the Decline of MMSE Scores Associated With Time-Dependent PM 2.5 Exposure: Findings From a Community-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:1080-1092. [PMID: 38228451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has explored the long-term effect of reduced PM2.5 exposure on cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of time-dependent PM2.5 exposure and the interactions of PM2.5 and aging on declines in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, in carriers and non-carriers of the APOE-ε4 allele. METHODS Participants aged over 60 were recruited for this cohort study, undergoing MMSE tests twice from the Taiwan Biobank Program from 2008 to 2020. Participants with dementia or baseline MMSE scores <24 were excluded. Annual PM2.5 levels were estimated using a hybrid kriging/land use regression model with extreme gradient boosting, treated as a time-dependent variable. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impacts of repeated PM2.5 on MMSE decline, further stratified by the presence of APOE-ε4 alleles. RESULTS After follow-up, 290 participants out of the overall 7,000 community residents in the Biobank dataset demonstrated incidences of MMSE declines (<24), with an average MMSE score decline of 1.11 per year. Participants with ε4/ε4 alleles in the APOE gene had significantly 3.68-fold risks of MMSE decline. High levels of PM2.5 across all visits were significantly associated with worsening of scores on the overall MMSE. As annual levels of PM2.5 decreased over time, the impact of PM2.5 on MMSE decline also slowly diminished. CONCLUSION Long-term PM2.5 exposure may be associated with increased risk of MMSE decline, despite improvements in ambient PM2.5 levels over time. Validation of these results necessitates a large-scale prospective cohort study with more concise cognitive screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Urology (P-JH), China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics (C-DW), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (C-DW), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (C-DW), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (P-YW), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chi Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M-CC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wan Yang
- Department of Neurology (Y-WY), China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Laing-You Wu
- Department of Public Health (L-YW, C-JC), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yu Hsiao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery (K-YH), Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Chung
- Department of Public Health (L-YW, C-JC), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (C-JC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Li J, Liu Y, Yin C, Zeng Y, Mei Y. Structural and functional remodeling of neural networks in β-amyloid driven hippocampal hyperactivity. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102468. [PMID: 39218080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for improving the patients outcomes and advancing our understanding of disease, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. However, accurate biomarkers are still lacking. Recent evidence indicates that hippocampal hyperexcitability precedes the diagnosis of AD decades ago, can predict cognitive decline. Thus, could hippocampal hyperactivity be a robust biomarker for early-AD, and what drives hippocampal hyperactivity in early-AD? these critical questions remain to be answered. Increasing clinical and experimental studies suggest that early hippocampal activation is closely associated with longitudinal β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, Aβ aggregates, in turn, enhances hippocampal activity. Therefore, in this narrative review, we discuss the role of Aβ-induced altered intrinsic neuronal properties as well as structural and functional remodeling of glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic circuits in hippocampal hyperactivity. In addition, we analyze the available therapies and trials that can potentially be used clinically to attenuate hippocampal hyperexcitability in AD. Overall, the present review sheds lights on the mechanism behind Aβ-induced hippocampal hyperactivity, and highlights that hippocampal hyperactivity could be a robust biomarker and therapeutic target in prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chuhui Yin
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Yufei Mei
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Koszła O, Sołek P. Misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: protein quality control machinery as potential therapeutic clearance pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:421. [PMID: 39215343 PMCID: PMC11365204 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary challenge in today's world of neuroscience is the search for new therapeutic possibilities for neurodegenerative disease. Central to these disorders lies among other factors, the aberrant folding, aggregation, and accumulation of proteins, resulting in the formation of toxic entities that contribute to neuronal degeneration. This review concentrates on the key proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein, elucidating the intricate molecular events underlying their misfolding and aggregation. We critically evaluate the molecular mechanisms governing the elimination of misfolded proteins, shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies. We specifically examine pathways such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and unfolded protein response (UPR), chaperones, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and the intersecting signaling of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE, along with autophagy connected through p62. Above all, we emphasize the significance of these pathways as protein quality control mechanisms, encompassing interventions targeting protein aggregation, regulation of post-translational modifications, and enhancement of molecular chaperones and clearance. Additionally, we focus on current therapeutic possibilities and new, multi-target approaches. In conclusion, this review systematically consolidates insights into emerging therapeutic strategies predicated on protein aggregates clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., Lublin, 20-093, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Sołek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., Lublin, 20-093, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences, 13 Akademicka St, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Zhang J, Chen L. Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:211. [PMID: 39174535 PMCID: PMC11344989 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the predominant form of dementia, presenting significant and escalating global challenges. Its etiology is intricate and diverse, stemming from a combination of factors such as aging, genetics, and environment. Our current understanding of AD pathologies involves various hypotheses, such as the cholinergic, amyloid, tau protein, inflammatory, oxidative stress, metal ion, glutamate excitotoxicity, microbiota-gut-brain axis, and abnormal autophagy. Nonetheless, unraveling the interplay among these pathological aspects and pinpointing the primary initiators of AD require further elucidation and validation. In the past decades, most clinical drugs have been discontinued due to limited effectiveness or adverse effects. Presently, available drugs primarily offer symptomatic relief and often accompanied by undesirable side effects. However, recent approvals of aducanumab (1) and lecanemab (2) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) present the potential in disrease-modifying effects. Nevertheless, the long-term efficacy and safety of these drugs need further validation. Consequently, the quest for safer and more effective AD drugs persists as a formidable and pressing task. This review discusses the current understanding of AD pathogenesis, advances in diagnostic biomarkers, the latest updates of clinical trials, and emerging technologies for AD drug development. We highlight recent progress in the discovery of selective inhibitors, dual-target inhibitors, allosteric modulators, covalent inhibitors, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. Our goal is to provide insights into the prospective development and clinical application of novel AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Dorta S, Alexandre-Silva V, Popolin CP, de Sousa DB, Grigoli MM, Pelegrini LNDC, Manzine PR, Camins A, Marcello E, Endres K, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 isoforms: Optimizing usage of antibodies based on protein regulation, structural features, biological activity and clinical relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102464. [PMID: 39173916 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a crucial transmembrane protein involved in diverse cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and proteolysis. ADAM10's ability to cleave over 100 substrates underscores its significance in physiological and pathological contexts, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review comprehensively examines ADAM10's multifaceted roles, highlighting its critical function in the non-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which mitigates amyloid beta (Aβ) production, a critical factor in AD development. We summarize the regulation of ADAM10 at multiple levels: transcriptional, translational, and post-translational, revealing the complexity and responsiveness of its expression to various cellular signals. A standardized nomenclature for ADAM10 isoforms is proposed to improve clarity and consistency in research, facilitating better comparison and replication of findings across studies. We address the challenges in detecting ADAM10 isoforms using antibodies, advocating for standardized detection protocols to resolve discrepancies in results from different biological matrices. By highlighting these issues, this review underscores the potential of ADAM10 as a biomarker for early diagnosis and a therapeutic target in AD. By consolidating current knowledge on ADAM10's regulation and function, we aim to provide insights that will guide future research and therapeutic strategies in the AD context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dorta
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Giorgio J, Jonson C, Wang Y, Yokoyama JS, Wang J, Jagust W. Variable and interactive effects of Sex, APOE ε4 and TREM2 on the deposition of tau in entorhinal and neocortical regions. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4804430. [PMID: 39149503 PMCID: PMC11326369 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4804430/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The canonical AD pathological cascade posits that the accumulation of amyloid beta ( Aβ ) is the initiating event, accelerating the accumulation of tau in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which subsequently spreads into the neocortex. Here in a sample of over 1300 participants with multimodal imaging and genetic information we queried how genetic variation affects these stages of the AD cascade. We observed that females and APOE- ε4 homozygotes are more susceptible to the effects of Aβ on the primary accumulation of tau, with greater EC tau for a given level of Aβ . Furthermore, we observed for individuals who have rare risk variants in Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and/or APOE- ε4 homozygotes there was a greater spread of primary tau from the EC into the neocortex. These findings offer insights into the function of sex, APOE and microglia in AD progression, and have implications for determining personalised treatment with drugs targeting Aβ and tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Giorgio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA, 94720
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, 2308
| | - Caroline Jonson
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC, USA, 20037
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94158
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94158
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94158
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jingshen Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA, 94720
| | - William Jagust
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA, 94720
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Meghdadi AH, Salat D, Hamilton J, Hong Y, Boeve BF, St Louis EK, Verma A, Berka C. EEG and ERP biosignatures of mild cognitive impairment for longitudinal monitoring of early cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308137. [PMID: 39116138 PMCID: PMC11309464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease is associated with electroencephalographic (EEG) biosignatures even at early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this work is to provide a unified measure of cognitive decline by aggregating biosignatures from multiple EEG modalities and to evaluate repeatability of the composite measure at an individual level. These modalities included resting state EEG (eyes-closed) and two event-related potential (ERP) tasks on visual memory and attention. We compared individuals with MCI (n = 38) to age-matched healthy controls HC (n = 44). In resting state EEG, the MCI group exhibited higher power in Theta (3-7Hz) and lower power in Beta (13-20Hz) frequency bands. In both ERP tasks, the MCI group exhibited reduced ERP late positive potential (LPP), delayed ERP early component latency, slower reaction time, and decreased response accuracy. Cluster-based permutation analysis revealed significant clusters of difference between the MCI and HC groups in the frequency-channel and time-channel spaces. Cluster-based measures and performance measures (12 biosignatures in total) were selected as predictors of MCI. We trained a support vector machine (SVM) classifier achieving AUC = 0.89, accuracy = 77% in cross-validation using all data. Split-data validation resulted in (AUC = 0.87, accuracy = 76%) and (AUC = 0.75, accuracy = 70%) on testing data at baseline and follow-up visits, respectively. Classification scores at baseline and follow-up visits were correlated (r = 0.72, p<0.001, ICC = 0.84), supporting test-retest reliability of EEG biosignature. These results support the utility of EEG/ERP for prognostic testing, repeated assessments, and tracking potential treatment outcomes in the limited duration of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Meghdadi
- Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, United States of America
| | - David Salat
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Yue Hong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bradley F. Boeve
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Erik K. St Louis
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI, United States of America
| | - Ajay Verma
- Formation Venture Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Chris Berka
- Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, United States of America
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Brusini L, Cruciani F, Dall’Aglio G, Zajac T, Boscolo Galazzo I, Zucchelli M, Menegaz G. XAI-Based Assessment of the AMURA Model for Detecting Amyloid-β and Tau Microstructural Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2024; 12:569-579. [PMID: 39155922 PMCID: PMC11329216 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2024.3430035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Brain microstructural changes already occur in the earliest phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as evidenced in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) literature. This study investigates the potential of the novel dMRI Apparent Measures Using Reduced Acquisitions (AMURA) as imaging markers for capturing such tissue modifications.Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and support vector machines (SVMs) based on different measures were exploited to distinguish between amyloid-beta/tau negative (A[Formula: see text]-/tau-) and A[Formula: see text]+/tau+ or A[Formula: see text]+/tau- subjects. Moreover, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) was used to highlight the most influential features in the SVMs classifications and to validate the results by seeing the explanations' recurrence across different methods.TBSS analysis revealed significant differences between A[Formula: see text]-/tau- and other groups in line with the literature. The best SVM classification performance reached an accuracy of 0.73 by using advanced measures compared to more standard ones. Moreover, the explainability analysis suggested the results' stability and the central role of the cingulum to show early sign of AD.By relying on SVM classification and XAI interpretation of the outcomes, AMURA indices can be considered viable markers for amyloid and tau pathology. Clinical impact: This pre-clinical research revealed AMURA indices as viable imaging markers for timely AD diagnosis by acquiring clinically feasible dMR images, with advantages compared to more invasive methods employed nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Brusini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation MedicineUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | - Federica Cruciani
- Department of Engineering for Innovation MedicineUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Zajac
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | | | - Mauro Zucchelli
- Department of Research and Development Advanced ApplicationsOlea MedicalLa Ciotat13600France
| | - Gloria Menegaz
- Department of Engineering for Innovation MedicineUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
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Petralla S, Panayotova M, Franchina E, Fricker G, Puris E. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:948. [PMID: 39065645 PMCID: PMC11279518 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease impacting the lives of millions of people worldwide. The formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plagues in the brain is the main pathological hallmark of AD. The Aβ deposits are formed due to the imbalance between the production and Aβ clearance in the brain and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this respect, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a significant role by mediating both brain Aβ production and clearance. Due to its important role in AD pathogenesis, LRP1 is considered an attractive drug target for AD therapies. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of LRP1 in AD pathogenesis as well as recent findings on changes in LRP1 expression and function in AD. Finally, we discuss the advances in utilizing LRP1 as a drug target for AD treatments as well as future perspectives on LRP1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.P.); (M.P.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
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21
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Liu Y, Xia X, Zheng M, Shi B. Bio-Nano Toolbox for Precision Alzheimer's Disease Gene Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314354. [PMID: 38778446 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most burdensome aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder, and its treatment encounters numerous failures during drug development. Although there are newly approved in-market β-amyloid targeting antibody solutions, pathological heterogeneity among patient populations still challenges the treatment outcome. Emerging advances in gene therapies offer opportunities for more precise personalized medicine; while, major obstacles including the pathological heterogeneity among patient populations, the puzzled mechanism for druggable target development, and the precision delivery of functional therapeutic elements across the blood-brain barrier remain and limit the use of gene therapy for central neuronal diseases. Aiming for "precision delivery" challenges, nanomedicine provides versatile platforms that may overcome the targeted delivery challenges for AD gene therapy. In this perspective, to picture a toolbox for AD gene therapy strategy development, the most recent advances from benchtop to clinics are highlighted, possibly available gene therapy targets, tools, and delivery platforms are outlined, their challenges as well as rational design elements are addressed, and perspectives in this promising research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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22
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Sasner M, Preuss C, Pandey RS, Uyar A, Garceau D, Kotredes KP, Williams H, Oblak AL, Lin PB, Perkins B, Soni D, Ingraham C, Lee‐Gosselin A, Lamb BT, Howell GR, Carter GW. In vivo validation of late-onset Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factors. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4970-4984. [PMID: 38687251 PMCID: PMC11247676 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genome-wide association studies have identified over 70 genetic loci associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but few candidate polymorphisms have been functionally assessed for disease relevance and mechanism of action. METHODS Candidate genetic risk variants were informatically prioritized and individually engineered into a LOAD-sensitized mouse model that carries the AD risk variants APOE ε4/ε4 and Trem2*R47H. The potential disease relevance of each model was assessed by comparing brain transcriptomes measured with the Nanostring Mouse AD Panel at 4 and 12 months of age with human study cohorts. RESULTS We created new models for 11 coding and loss-of-function risk variants. Transcriptomic effects from multiple genetic variants recapitulated a variety of human gene expression patterns observed in LOAD study cohorts. Specific models matched to emerging molecular LOAD subtypes. DISCUSSION These results provide an initial functionalization of 11 candidate risk variants and identify potential preclinical models for testing targeted therapeutics. HIGHLIGHTS A novel approach to validate genetic risk factors for late-onset AD (LOAD) is presented. LOAD risk variants were knocked in to conserved mouse loci. Variant effects were assayed by transcriptional analysis. Risk variants in Abca7, Mthfr, Plcg2, and Sorl1 loci modeled molecular signatures of clinical disease. This approach should generate more translationally relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | | | | | | | - Adrian L. Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Peter Bor‐Chian Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Bridget Perkins
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Disha Soni
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Cindy Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Audrey Lee‐Gosselin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
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23
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Guo W, Liu Y, Han Y, Tang H, Fan X, Wang C, Chen PR. Amplifiable protein identification via residue-resolved barcoding and composition code counting. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae183. [PMID: 39055168 PMCID: PMC11272068 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasensitive protein identification is of paramount importance in basic research and clinical diagnostics but remains extremely challenging. A key bottleneck in preventing single-molecule protein sequencing is that, unlike the revolutionary nucleic acid sequencing methods that rely on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA and RNA molecules, protein molecules cannot be directly amplified. Decoding the proteins via amplification of certain fingerprints rather than the intact protein sequence thus represents an appealing alternative choice to address this formidable challenge. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept method that relies on residue-resolved DNA barcoding and composition code counting for amplifiable protein fingerprinting (AmproCode). In AmproCode, selective types of residues on peptides or proteins are chemically labeled with a DNA barcode, which can be amplified and quantified via quantitative PCR. The operation generates a relative ratio as the residue-resolved 'composition code' for each target protein that can be utilized as the fingerprint to determine its identity from the proteome database. We developed a database searching algorithm and applied it to assess the coverage of the whole proteome and secretome via computational simulations, proving the theoretical feasibility of AmproCode. We then designed the residue-specific DNA barcoding and amplification workflow, and identified different synthetic model peptides found in the secretome at as low as the fmol/L level for demonstration. These results build the foundation for an unprecedented amplifiable protein fingerprinting method. We believe that, in the future, AmproCode could ultimately realize single-molecule amplifiable identification of trace complex samples without further purification, and it may open a new avenue in the development of next-generation protein sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Guo
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Han
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Stockinger F, Poc P, Möhwald A, Karch S, Häfner S, Alzheimer C, Sandoz G, Huth T, Broichhagen J. Multicolor, Cell-Impermeable, and High Affinity BACE1 Inhibitor Probes Enable Superior Endogenous Staining and Imaging of Single Molecules. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10152-10167. [PMID: 38842406 PMCID: PMC11215771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevailing but not undisputed amyloid cascade hypothesis places the β-site of APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) center stage in Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis. Here, we investigated functional properties of BACE1 with novel tag- and antibody-free labeling tools, which are conjugates of the BACE1-inhibitor IV (also referred to as C3) linked to different impermeable Alexa Fluor dyes. We show that these fluorescent small molecules bind specifically to BACE1, with a 1:1 labeling stoichiometry at their orthosteric site. This is a crucial property especially for single-molecule and super-resolution microscopy approaches, allowing characterization of the dyes' labeling capabilities in overexpressing cell systems and in native neuronal tissue. With multiple colors at hand, we evaluated BACE1-multimerization by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptor-photobleaching and single-particle imaging of native BACE1. In summary, our novel fluorescent inhibitors, termed Alexa-C3, offer unprecedented insights into protein-protein interactions and diffusion behavior of BACE1 down to the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Stockinger
- Institut
für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Pascal Poc
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Alexander Möhwald
- Institut
für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sandra Karch
- Institut
für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stephanie Häfner
- Université
Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM,
iBV, Nice 06108, Cedex 2, France
- Laboratories
of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice 06108, Cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institut
für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Guillaume Sandoz
- Université
Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM,
iBV, Nice 06108, Cedex 2, France
- Laboratories
of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice 06108, Cedex 2, France
| | - Tobias Huth
- Institut
für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin 13125, Germany
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25
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Calis S, Gevaert K. The role of Nα-terminal acetylation in protein conformation. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38923676 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Especially in higher eukaryotes, the N termini of proteins are subject to enzymatic modifications, with the acetylation of the alpha-amino group of nascent polypeptides being a prominent one. In recent years, the specificities and substrates of the enzymes responsible for this modification, the Nα-terminal acetyltransferases, have been mapped in several proteomic studies. Aberrant expression of, and mutations in these enzymes were found to be associated with several human diseases, explaining the growing interest in protein Nα-terminal acetylation. With some enzymes, such as the Nα-terminal acetyltransferase A complex having thousands of possible substrates, researchers are now trying to decipher the functional outcome of Nα-terminal protein acetylation. In this review, we zoom in on one possible functional consequence of Nα-terminal protein acetylation; its effect on protein folding. Using selected examples of proteins associated with human diseases such as alpha-synuclein and huntingtin, here, we discuss the sometimes contradictory findings of the effects of Nα-terminal protein acetylation on protein (mis)folding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Calis
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
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26
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Enzlein T, Lashley T, Sammour DA, Hopf C, Chávez-Gutiérrez L. Integrative Single-Plaque Analysis Reveals Signature Aβ and Lipid Profiles in the Alzheimer's Brain. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9799-9807. [PMID: 38830618 PMCID: PMC11190877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) initiates molecular and cellular cascades that lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, amyloid deposition does not invariably lead to dementia. Amyloid-positive but cognitively unaffected (AP-CU) individuals present widespread amyloid pathology, suggesting that molecular signatures more complex than the total amyloid burden are required to better differentiate AD from AP-CU cases. Motivated by the essential role of Aβ and the key lipid involvement in AD pathogenesis, we applied multimodal mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and machine learning (ML) to investigate amyloid plaque heterogeneity, regarding Aβ and lipid composition, in AP-CU versus AD brain samples at the single-plaque level. Instead of focusing on a population mean, our analytical approach allowed the investigation of large populations of plaques at the single-plaque level. We found that different (sub)populations of amyloid plaques, differing in Aβ and lipid composition, coexist in the brain samples studied. The integration of MSI data with ML-based feature extraction further revealed that plaque-associated gangliosides GM2 and GM1, as well as Aβ1-38, but not Aβ1-42, are relevant differentiators between the investigated pathologies. The pinpointed differences may guide further fundamental research investigating the role of amyloid plaque heterogeneity in AD pathogenesis/progression and may provide molecular clues for further development of emerging immunotherapies to effectively target toxic amyloid assemblies in AD therapy. Our study exemplifies how an integrative analytical strategy facilitates the unraveling of complex biochemical phenomena, advancing our understanding of AD from an analytical perspective and offering potential avenues for the refinement of diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Enzlein
- Center
for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, Mannheim 68163, Germany
- KU
Leuven-VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department
of Neurosciences, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department
of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
| | - Denis Abu Sammour
- Center
for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center
for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, Mannheim 68163, Germany
- Mannheim
Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- KU
Leuven-VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department
of Neurosciences, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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27
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Shir D, Graff-Radford J, Fought AJ, Lesnick TG, Przybelski SA, Vassilaki M, Lowe VJ, Knopman DS, Machulda MM, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Mielke MM, Vemuri P. Complex relationships of socioeconomic status with vascular and Alzheimer's pathways on cognition. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103634. [PMID: 38909419 PMCID: PMC11253683 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AD and CVD, which frequently co-occur, are leading causes of age-related cognitive decline. We assessed how demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES) as indicated by education and occupation, vascular risk factors, and a range of biomarkers associated with both CVD (including white matter hyperintensities [WMH], diffusion MRI abnormalities, infarctions, and microbleeds) and AD (comprising amyloid-PET and tau-PET) collectively influence cognitive function. METHODS In this cross-sectional population study, structural equation models were utilized to understand these associations in 449 participants (mean age (SD) = 74.5 (8.4) years; 56% male; 7.5% cognitively impaired). RESULTS (1) Higher SES had a protective effect on cognition with mediation through the vascular pathway. (2) The effect of amyloid directly on cognition and through tau was 11-fold larger than the indirect effect of amyloid on cognition through WMH. (3) There is a significant effect of vascular risk on tau deposition. DISCUSSION The utilized biomarkers captured the impact of CVD and AD on cognition. The overall effect of vascular risk and SES on these biomarkers are complex and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Shir
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Angela J Fought
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
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28
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de Lourdes Signorini-Souza I, Tureck LV, Batistela MS, Coutinho de Almeida R, Monteiro de Almeida S, Furtado-Alle L, Lehtonen Rodrigues Souza R. The potential of five c-miRNAs as serum biomarkers for Late-Onset Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: miR-10a-5p, miR-29b-2-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-342-3p, and miR-708-5p. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149090. [PMID: 38880411 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The nervous system is rich in miRNAs, indicating an important role of these molecules in regulating processes associated with cognition, memory, and others. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative imbalances involving such miRNAs may be involved in dementia contexts, including Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). To test the viability of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) as biomarkers for LOAD, we proceed accordingly to the following reasoning. The first stage was to discover and identify profile of c-miRNAs by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). For this purpose, blood serum samples were used from LOAD patients (n = 5) and cognitively healthy elderly control group (CTRL_CH) (n = 5), all over 70 years old. We identified seven c-miRNAs differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05) in the serum of LOAD patients compared to CTRL_CH (miR-10a-5p; miR-29b-2-5p; miR-125a-5p; miR-342-3p, miR-708-5p, miR-380-5p and miR-340-3p). Of these, five (p ≤ 0.01) were selected for in silico analysis (miR-10a-5p; miR-29b-2-5p; miR-125a-5p; miR-342-3p, miR-708-5p), for which 44 relevant target genes were found regulated by these c-miRNAs and related to LOAD. Through the analysis of these target genes in databases, it was possible to observe that they have functions related to the development and progress of LOAD, directly or indirectly connecting the different Alzheimer's pathways. Thus, this work found five promising serum c-miRNAs as options for biomarkers contributing to LOAD diagnosis. Our study shows the complex network between these molecules and LOAD, supporting the relevance of studies using c-miRNAs in dementia contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora de Lourdes Signorini-Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Meire Silva Batistela
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lehtonen Rodrigues Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil.
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29
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Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Zu L, Wang X, Liu P, Xie J, Zhang X, Liu W, Li Z, Zhang S, Li K, Giannetti A, Bi W, Chiavaioli F, Shi L, Guo T. Ultrasensitive and Multiple Biomarker Discrimination for Alzheimer's Disease via Plasmonic & Microfluidic Sensing Technologies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308783. [PMID: 38509587 PMCID: PMC11200013 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
As the population ages, the worldwide prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the most common dementia in the elderly is increasing dramatically. However, a long-term challenge is to achieve rapid and accurate early diagnosis of AD by detecting hallmarks such as amyloid beta (Aβ42). Here, a multi-channel microfluidic-based plasmonic fiber-optic biosensing platform is established for simultaneous detection and differentiation of multiple AD biomarkers. The platform is based on a gold-coated, highly-tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) and a custom-developed microfluidics. TFBG excites a high-density, narrow-cladding-mode spectral comb that overlaps with the broad absorption of surface plasmons for high-precision interrogation, enabling ultrasensitive monitoring of analytes. In situ detection and in-parallel discrimination of different forms of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are successfully demonstrated with a detection of limit in the range of ≈30-170 pg mL-1, which is one order of magnitude below the clinical cut-off level in AD onset, providing high detection sensitivity for early diagnosis of AD. The integration of the TFBG sensor with multi-channel microfluidics enables simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers using sub-µL sample volumes, as well as combining initial binding rate and real-time response time to differentiate between multiple biomarkers in terms of binding kinetics. With the advantages of multi-parameter, low consumption, and highly sensitive detection, the sensor represents an urgently needed potentials for large-scale diagnosis of diseases at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Zu
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Jiwei Xie
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard UniversityBoston02215USA
| | - Weiru Liu
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Kaiwei Li
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC)Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC)Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Tuan Guo
- Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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Shanks HRC, Chen K, Reiman EM, Blennow K, Cummings JL, Massa SM, Longo FM, Börjesson-Hanson A, Windisch M, Schmitz TW. p75 neurotrophin receptor modulation in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:1761-1770. [PMID: 38760589 PMCID: PMC11186782 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signaling pathways substantially overlap with degenerative networks active in Alzheimer disease (AD). Modulation of p75NTR with the first-in-class small molecule LM11A-31 mitigates amyloid-induced and pathological tau-induced synaptic loss in preclinical models. Here we conducted a 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase 2a safety and exploratory endpoint trial of LM11A-31 in 242 participants with mild to moderate AD with three arms: placebo, 200 mg LM11A-31 and 400 mg LM11A-31, administered twice daily by oral capsules. This trial met its primary endpoint of safety and tolerability. Within the prespecified secondary and exploratory outcome domains (structural magnetic resonance imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers), significant drug-placebo differences were found, consistent with the hypothesis that LM11A-31 slows progression of pathophysiological features of AD; no significant effect of active treatment was observed on cognitive tests. Together, these results suggest that targeting p75NTR with LM11A-31 warrants further investigation in larger-scale clinical trials of longer duration. EU Clinical Trials registration: 2015-005263-16 ; ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03069014 .
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Grants
- R35 AG071476 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG072980 NIA NIH HHS
- SG-23-1038904 QC Alzheimer's Association
- 2022-00732 Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council)
- P20 GM109025 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R01 AG053798 NIA NIH HHS
- R35AG71476 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- ZEN-21-848495 Alzheimer's Association
- R01 AG051596 NIA NIH HHS
- P20GM109025 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- 453677 Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada)
- P20 AG068053 NIA NIH HHS
- 2017-00915 Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council)
- U01 AG024904 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG053798 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- R25 AG083721-01 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- R25 AG083721 NIA NIH HHS
- Jonathan and Joshua Memorial Foundation Government of Ontario
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- State of Arizona
- Alzheimer’s Association
- the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (#ALFGBG-715986 and #ALFGBG-965240), the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-930351, #AF-939721 and #AF-968270), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243 and #ALZ2022-0006), La Fondation Recherche Alzheimer (FRA), Paris, France, the Kirsten and Freddy Johansen Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Familjen Rönströms Stiftelse, Stockholm, Sweden.
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF)
- Ted and Maria Quirk Endowment; Joy Chambers-Grundy Endowment.
- San Francisco VA Health Care System
- National Institutes of Aging (NIA AD Pilot Trial 1R01AG051596) PharmatrophiX (Menlo Park, California)
- Alzheimer’s Society of Canada (176677)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R C Shanks
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Downtown, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Stephen M Massa
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne Börjesson-Hanson
- Clinical Trials, Department of Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Liu H, Mei F, Ye R, Han X, Wang S, Ding Y, Zhi Y, Pang K, Guo W, Lu B. APOE3ch alleviates Aβ and tau pathology and neurodegeneration in the human APP NL-G-F cerebral organoid model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:451-454. [PMID: 38609581 PMCID: PMC11143179 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Rongrong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- 4B Technologies, Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- 4B Technologies, Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Shudan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Keliang Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Bašić J, Milošević V, Djordjević B, Stojiljković V, Živanović M, Stefanović N, Aracki Trenkić A, Stojanov D, Jevtović Stoimenov T, Stojanović I. Matrix Remodeling Enzymes as Potential Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5703. [PMID: 38891891 PMCID: PMC11171655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma biomarkers-specifically, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), CD147, and the MMP-/TIMP-1 ratio in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The research cohort comprised patients diagnosed with probable AD dementia and a control group of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. Neuroradiological assessments included brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following dementia protocols, with subsequent volumetric analysis. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers were classified using the A/T/N system, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status was determined. Findings revealed elevated plasma levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in AD dementia patients compared to CU individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated significant differences in the areas under the curve (AUC) for MMP-9 (p < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (p < 0.001). Notably, plasma TIMP-1 levels were significantly lower in APOE ε4+ patients than in APOE ε4- patients (p = 0.041). Furthermore, APOE ε4+ patients exhibited reduced hippocampal volume, particularly in total, right, and left hippocampal measurements. TIMP-1 levels exhibited a positive correlation, while the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio showed a negative correlation with hippocampal volume parameters. This study sheds light on the potential use of TIMP-1 as a diagnostic marker and its association with hippocampal changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bašić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (B.D.); (V.S.); (T.J.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Vuk Milošević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.A.T.); (D.S.)
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Branka Djordjević
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (B.D.); (V.S.); (T.J.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Vladana Stojiljković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (B.D.); (V.S.); (T.J.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Milica Živanović
- Center for Radiology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Stefanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Aracki Trenkić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.A.T.); (D.S.)
- Center for Radiology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Dragan Stojanov
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.A.T.); (D.S.)
- Center for Radiology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Jevtović Stoimenov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (B.D.); (V.S.); (T.J.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (B.D.); (V.S.); (T.J.S.); (I.S.)
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Ribaldi F, Palomo R, Altomare D, Scheffler M, Assal F, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Abramowicz M, Garibotto V, Chicherio C, Frisoni GB. The Taxonomy of Subjective Cognitive Decline: Proposal and First Clinical Evidence from the Geneva Memory Clinic Cohort. NEURODEGENER DIS 2024; 24:16-25. [PMID: 38763140 PMCID: PMC11448624 DOI: 10.1159/000539053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is characterized by subjective cognitive concerns without objective cognitive impairment and is considered a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, most SCD patients will not develop neurodegenerative disorders, yet they may suffer from minor psychiatric, neurological, or somatic comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to provide a taxonomy of the heterogeneous SCD entity and to conduct a preliminary validation using data from a memory clinic sample. METHODS Participants were fifty-five SCD individuals consecutively recruited at the Geneva Memory Center. Based on clinical reports, they were classified into three clinically pre-defined subgroups: (i) those with psychological or psychiatric comorbidities (Psy), (ii) those with somatic comorbidities (SomCom), (iii) and those with no apparent cause (NAC). Baseline demographics, clinical, cognitive, and biomarker differences among the SCD subgroups were assessed. Longitudinal cognitive changes (average 3 years follow-up) were modeled using a linear mixed model. RESULTS Out of the 55 SCD cases, 16 were SomCom, 18 Psy, and 21 NAC. 47% were female, mean age was 71 years. We observed higher frequency of APOE ε4 carriers in NAC (53%) compared to SomCom (14%) and Psy (0%, p = 0.023) and lower level of plasma Aβ42 in NAC (6.8 ± 1.0) compared to SomCom (8.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.031). SomCom subjects were older (74 years) than Psy (67 years, p = 0.011), and had greater medial temporal lobe atrophy (1.0 ± 1.0) than Psy (0.2 ± 0.6) and NAC (0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.005). SomCom has worse episodic memory performances (14.5 ± 3.5) than Psy (15.8 ± 0.4) and NAC (15.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.032). We observed a slightly steeper, yet not statistically significant, cognitive decline in NAC (β = -0.48) compared to Psy (β = -0.28) and SomCom (β = -0.24). CONCLUSIONS NAC features a higher proportion of APOE ε4 carriers, lower plasma Aβ42 and a trend towards steeper cognitive decline than SomCom and Psy. Taken together, these findings suggest that NACs are at higher risk of cognitive decline due to AD. The proposed clinical taxonomy might be implemented in clinical practice to identify SCD at higher risk. However, such taxonomy should be tested on an independent cohort with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Palomo
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Max Scheffler
- Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Assal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute London UK, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Genetic Medicine, Diagnostics Dept, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers (NIMTlab), Geneva University Neurocenter and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Chicherio
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gomez AR, Byun HR, Wu S, Muhammad AG, Ikbariyeh J, Chen J, Muro A, Li L, Bernstein KE, Ainsworth R, Tourtellotte WG. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) expression in microglia reduces amyloid β deposition and neurodegeneration by increasing SYK signaling and endolysosomal trafficking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590837. [PMID: 38712251 PMCID: PMC11071489 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of developing Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). Many of these LOAD risk-associated alleles alter disease pathogenesis by influencing microglia innate immune responses and lipid metabolism. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), a GWAS LOAD risk-associated gene best known for its role in regulating systemic blood pressure, also enhances innate immunity and lipid processing in peripheral myeloid cells, but a role for ACE in modulating the function of myeloid-derived microglia remains unexplored. Using novel mice engineered to express ACE in microglia and CNS associated macrophages (CAMs), we find that ACE expression in microglia reduces Aβ plaque load, preserves vulnerable neurons and excitatory synapses, and greatly reduces learning and memory abnormalities in the 5xFAD amyloid mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). ACE-expressing microglia show enhanced Aβ phagocytosis and endolysosomal trafficking, increased clustering around amyloid plaques, and increased SYK tyrosine kinase activation downstream of the major Aβ receptors, TREM2 and CLEC7A. Single microglia sequencing and digital spatial profiling identifies downstream SYK signaling modules that are expressed by ACE expression in microglia that mediate endolysosomal biogenesis and trafficking, mTOR and PI3K/AKT signaling, and increased oxidative phosphorylation, while gene silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of SYK activity in ACE-expressing microglia abrogates the potentiated Aβ engulfment and endolysosomal trafficking. These findings establish a role for ACE in enhancing microglial immune function and they identify a potential use for ACE-expressing microglia as a cell-based therapy to augment endogenous microglial responses to Aβ in AD.
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Gin A, Nguyen PD, Serrano G, Alexander G, Su J. Towards Early Diagnosis and Screening of Alzheimer's Disease Using Frequency Locked Whispering Gallery Mode Microtoroid Biosensors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4355995. [PMID: 38798660 PMCID: PMC11118682 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4355995/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive form of dementia affecting almost 55 million people worldwide. It is characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles within the brain, leading to a pathological cascade of neuron degeneration and death as well as memory loss and cognitive decline. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is an AD biomarker present in cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum and correlates with the presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. Measuring the levels of Aβ can help with early diagnosis of AD, which is key for studying novel AD drugs and delaying the symptoms of dementia. However, this goal is difficult to achieve due to the low levels of AD biomarkers in biofluids. Here we demonstrate for the first time the use of FLOWER (frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator) for quantifying the levels of post-mortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 in clinicopathologically classified control, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants. FLOWER is capable of measuring CSF Aβ42 (area under curve, AUC = 0.92) with higher diagnostic performance than standard ELISA (AUC = 0.82) and was also able to distinguish between control and MCI samples. Our results demonstrate the capability of FLOWER for screening CSF samples for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's pathology.
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37
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Liu LC, Liang JY, Liu YH, Liu B, Dong XH, Cai WH, Zhang N. The Intersection of cerebral cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30523. [PMID: 38726205 PMCID: PMC11079309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, the exact pathogenesis of which remains incompletely understood, and effective preventive and therapeutic drugs are currently lacking. Cholesterol plays a vital role in cell membrane formation and neurotransmitter synthesis, and its abnormal metabolism is associated with the onset of AD. With the continuous advancement of imaging techniques and molecular biology methods, researchers can more accurately explore the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and AD. Elevated cholesterol levels may lead to vascular dysfunction, thereby affecting neuronal function. Additionally, abnormal cholesterol metabolism may affect the metabolism of β-amyloid protein, thereby promoting the onset of AD. Brain cholesterol levels are regulated by multiple factors. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the subtle relationship between cholesterol homeostasis and AD, and to introduce the latest advances in cholesterol-regulating AD treatment strategies, thereby inspiring readers to contemplate deeply on this complex relationship. Although there are still many unresolved important issues regarding the risk of brain cholesterol and AD, and some studies may have opposite conclusions, further research is needed to enrich our understanding. However, these findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and provide important insights for the future development of AD treatment strategies targeting brain cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-cheng Liu
- Pharmaceutical Branch, Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jun-yi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-hong Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-hong Dong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-hui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Altomare D, Libri I, Alberici A, Rivolta J, Padovani A, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Borroni B. Plasma biomarkers increase diagnostic confidence in patients with Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:107. [PMID: 38734612 PMCID: PMC11088144 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent development of techniques to assess plasma biomarkers has changed the way the research community envisions the future of diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. This work aims to provide real world evidence on the clinical impact of plasma biomarkers in an academic tertiary care center. METHODS Anonymized clinical reports of patients diagnosed with AD or Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with available plasma biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, p-tau231, NfL, GFAP) were independently assessed by two neurologists who expressed diagnosis and diagnostic confidence three times: (T0) at baseline based on the information collected during the first visit, (T1) after plasma biomarkers, and (T2) after traditional biomarkers (when available). Finally, we assessed whether clinicians' interpretation of plasma biomarkers and the consequent clinical impact are consistent with the final diagnosis, determined after the conclusion of the diagnostic clinical and instrumental work-up by the actual managing physicians who had complete access to all available information. RESULTS Clinicians assessed 122 reports, and their concordance ranged from 81 to 91% at the three time points. At T1, the presentation of plasma biomarkers resulted in a change of diagnosis in 2% (2/122, p = 1.00) of cases, and in increased diagnostic confidence in 76% (91/120, p < 0.001) of cases with confirmed diagnosis. The change in diagnosis and the increase in diagnostic confidence after plasma biomarkers were consistent with the final diagnosis in 100% (2/2) and 81% (74/91) of cases, respectively. At T2, the presentation of traditional biomarkers resulted in a further change of diagnosis in 13% (12/94, p = 0.149) of cases, and in increased diagnostic confidence in 88% (72/82, p < 0.001) of cases with confirmed diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In an academic tertiary care center, plasma biomarkers supported clinicians by increasing their diagnostic confidence in most cases, despite a negligible impact on diagnosis. Future prospective studies are needed to assess the full potential of plasma biomarkers on clinical grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Altomare
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Libri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jasmine Rivolta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, W1T 7NF, UK
- Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
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Bonifazi G, Luchena C, Gaminde-Blasco A, Ortiz-Sanz C, Capetillo-Zarate E, Matute C, Alberdi E, De Pittà M. A nonlinear meccano for Alzheimer's emergence by amyloid β-mediated glutamatergic hyperactivity. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106473. [PMID: 38493903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to begin many years before the formal diagnosis of AD dementia. This protracted preclinical phase offers a crucial window for potential therapeutic interventions, yet its comprehensive characterization remains elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid-β (Aβ) may mediate neuronal hyperactivity in circuit dysfunction in the early stages of AD. At the same time, neural activity can also facilitate Aβ accumulation through intricate feed-forward interactions, complicating elucidating the conditions governing Aβ-dependent hyperactivity and its diagnostic utility. In this study, we use biophysical modeling to shed light on such conditions. Our analysis reveals that the inherently nonlinear nature of the underlying molecular interactions can give rise to the emergence of various modes of hyperactivity. This diversity in the mechanisms of hyperactivity may ultimately account for a spectrum of AD manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bonifazi
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Celia Luchena
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Adhara Gaminde-Blasco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortiz-Sanz
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maurizio De Pittà
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto M5T 0S8, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
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Zhao Q, Ma L, Chen S, Huang L, She G, Sun Y, Shi W, Mu L. Tracking mitochondrial Cu(I) fluctuations through a ratiometric fluorescent probe in AD model cells: Towards understanding how AβOs induce mitochondrial Cu(I) dyshomeostasis. Talanta 2024; 271:125716. [PMID: 38301373 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial copper signaling pathway plays a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially in relevant Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) neurotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Clarifying the relationship between mitochondrial copper homeostasis and both of mitochondrial dysfunction and AβOs neurotoxicity is important for understanding AD pathogenesis. Herein, we designed and synthesized a ratiometric fluorescent probe CHC-NS4 for Cu(I). CHC-NS4 possesses excellent ratiometric response, high selectivity to Cu(I) and specific ability to target mitochondria. Under mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oligomycin, mitochondrial Cu(I) levels gradually increased, which may be related to inhibition of ATP7A-mediated Cu(I) exportation and/or high expression of COX. On this basis, CHC-NS4 was further utilized to visualize the fluctuations of mitochondrial Cu(I) levels during progression of AD model cells induced by AβOs. It was found that mitochondrial Cu(I) levels were gradually elevated during the AD progression, which depended on not only AβOs concentration but also incubation time. Moreover, endocytosis maybe served as a prime pathway mode for mitochondrial Cu(I) dyshomeostasis induced by AβOs during AD progression. These results have provided a novel inspiration into mitochondrial copper biology in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lushan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwei She
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wensheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lixuan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Fortea J, Pegueroles J, Alcolea D, Belbin O, Dols-Icardo O, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Videla L, Gispert JD, Suárez-Calvet M, Johnson SC, Sperling R, Bejanin A, Lleó A, Montal V. APOE4 homozygozity represents a distinct genetic form of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 2024; 30:1284-1291. [PMID: 38710950 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of APOE4 homozygosity on Alzheimer's disease (AD) by examining its clinical, pathological and biomarker changes to see whether APOE4 homozygotes constitute a distinct, genetically determined form of AD. Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and five large cohorts with AD biomarkers were analyzed. The analysis included 3,297 individuals for the pathological study and 10,039 for the clinical study. Findings revealed that almost all APOE4 homozygotes exhibited AD pathology and had significantly higher levels of AD biomarkers from age 55 compared to APOE3 homozygotes. By age 65, nearly all had abnormal amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid, and 75% had positive amyloid scans, with the prevalence of these markers increasing with age, indicating near-full penetrance of AD biology in APOE4 homozygotes. The age of symptom onset was earlier in APOE4 homozygotes at 65.1, with a narrower 95% prediction interval than APOE3 homozygotes. The predictability of symptom onset and the sequence of biomarker changes in APOE4 homozygotes mirrored those in autosomal dominant AD and Down syndrome. However, in the dementia stage, there were no differences in amyloid or tau positron emission tomography across haplotypes, despite earlier clinical and biomarker changes. The study concludes that APOE4 homozygotes represent a genetic form of AD, suggesting the need for individualized prevention strategies, clinical trials and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurosciences Programme, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina. Instituto de Salud carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurosciences Programme, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina. Instituto de Salud carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Montal
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhou Y, Shan R, Xie W, Zhou Q, Yin Q, Su Y, Xiao J, Luo P, Yao X, Fang J, Wen F, Shen E, Weng J. Role of autophagy-related genes in liver cancer prognosis. Genomics 2024; 116:110852. [PMID: 38703969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved process of protein and organelle degradation, has emerged as a critical regulator in various diseases, including cancer progression. In the context of liver cancer, the predictive value of autophagy-related genes remains ambiguous. Leveraging chip datasets from the TCGA and GTEx databases, we identified 23 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in liver cancer. Notably, five key autophagy genes, PRKAA2, BIRC5, MAPT, IGF1, and SPNS1, were highlighted as potential prognostic markers, with MAPT showing significant overexpression in clinical samples. In vitro cellular assays further demonstrated that MAPT promotes liver cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting autophagy and suppressing apoptosis. Subsequent in vivo studies further corroborated the pro-tumorigenic role of MAPT by suppressing autophagy. Collectively, our model based on the five key genes provides a promising tool for predicting liver cancer prognosis, with MAPT emerging as a pivotal factor in tumor progression through autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Rong Shan
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Wangti Xie
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Qinghua Yin
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Su
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China
| | - Erdong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China.
| | - Jie Weng
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414000, PR China.
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Singh NA, Sintini I. Editorial: New insights into atypical Alzheimer's disease: from clinical phenotype to biomarkers. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1414443. [PMID: 38745936 PMCID: PMC11091363 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1414443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Sintini
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Villain N, Michalon R. What is Alzheimer's disease? An analysis of nosological perspectives from the 20th and 21st centuries. Eur J Neurol 2024:e16302. [PMID: 38618742 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent US proposals suggest defining Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on β-amyloidosis alone. This sparked debates that echoed historical ones about the significance of brain lesions and clinical phenotype. METHODS This review covers debates on AD nosology through three key periods: AD's discovery in German-speaking countries in the early 20th century, its redefinition in Anglo-Saxon countries in the 1960s-1980s, and current debates on the biological or clinicobiological definitions of AD. Key players' opinions are focused on. RESULTS At the beginning of the 20th century, AD was defined as a clinicopathological entity. Debates arose around the pathological anchor, which included extended neurofibrillary tangles versus neuritic plaques (Alzheimer vs. Fischer) and its association with senile dementia (Kraepelin). In the 1960s-1980s, the debate shifted towards whether AD could be diagnosed using qualitative or quantitative neuropathological features and whether it was a unique process (Terry and Katzman) or had subtypes (Roth). The current definition proposed by the US Alzheimer's Association is based purely on biological β-amyloid abnormalities and represents a double break: from the historical clinicopathological definition of AD and from the historical emphasis on tau or combined tau and β-amyloid high levels of pathology. Conversely, the clinicobiological proposal of the International Working Group remains aligned with historical concepts of AD. CONCLUSIONS This historical perspective illustrates the unresolved questions surrounding AD pathogenesis, role of lesions, and the clinical phenotype, especially for sporadic cases. The intense nosological debates throughout the history of AD also illustrate the diversity of theoretical frameworks for defining disease in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Robin Michalon
- École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France
- CAK-CRHST - Centre Alexandre Koyré - Centre de Recherche en Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques, Paris, France
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Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Alsayegh AA, Zeyaullah M, AlShahrani AM, Muzammil K, Saati AA, Wahab S, Elbendary EY, Kambal N, Abdelrahman MH, Hussain S. Pesticides impacts on human health and the environment with their mechanisms of action and possible countermeasures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29128. [PMID: 38623208 PMCID: PMC11016626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical constituents used to prevent or control pests, including insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, and other unwanted organisms. Despite their advantages in crop production and disease management, the use of pesticides poses significant hazards to the environment and public health. Pesticide elements have now perpetually entered our atmosphere and subsequently contaminated water, food, and soil, leading to health threats ranging from acute to chronic toxicities. Pesticides can cause acute toxicity if a high dose is inhaled, ingested, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes, while prolonged or recurrent exposure to pesticides leads to chronic toxicity. Pesticides produce different types of toxicity, for instance, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and endocrine disruption. The toxicity of a pesticide formulation may depend on the specific active ingredient and the presence of synergistic or inert compounds that can enhance or modify its toxicity. Safety concerns are the need of the hour to control contemporary pesticide-induced health hazards. The effectiveness and implementation of the current legislature in providing ample protection for human health and the environment are key concerns. This review explored a comprehensive summary of pesticides regarding their updated impacts on human health and advanced safety concerns with legislation. Implementing regulations, proper training, and education can help mitigate the negative impacts of pesticide use and promote safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gururgram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ali Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y. Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Abdelrahman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Ibanez A, Kringelbach ML, Deco G. A synergetic turn in cognitive neuroscience of brain diseases. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:319-338. [PMID: 38246816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in our understanding of brain diseases, many barriers remain. Cognitive neuroscience faces four major challenges: complex structure-function associations; disease phenotype heterogeneity; the lack of transdiagnostic models; and oversimplified cognitive approaches restricted to the laboratory. Here, we propose a synergetics framework that can help to perform the necessary dimensionality reduction of complex interactions between the brain, body, and environment. The key solutions include low-dimensional spatiotemporal hierarchies for brain-structure associations, whole-brain modeling to handle phenotype diversity, model integration of shared transdiagnostic pathophysiological pathways, and naturalistic frameworks balancing experimental control and ecological validity. Creating whole-brain models with reduced manifolds combined with ecological measures can improve our understanding of brain disease and help identify novel interventions. Synergetics provides an integrated framework for future progress in clinical and cognitive neuroscience, pushing the boundaries of brain health and disease toward more mature, naturalistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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Fernandes SM, Mendes AJ, Rodrigues PF, Conde A, Rocha M, Leite J. Efficacy and safety of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in memory deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100452. [PMID: 38444886 PMCID: PMC10914562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are two of the most used non-pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, most of the clinical trials have focused on evaluating the effects on global cognition and not on specific cognitive functions. Therefore, considering that memory loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of AD, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of tDCS and rTMS in memory deficits. For that, multilevel random effect models were performed considering the standardized mean difference (SMD) between active and sham stimulation. A total of 19 studies with 411 participants demonstrated positive effects in memory after tDCS (SMD=0.20, p = 0.04) and rTMS (SMD=0.44, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS had greater efficacy when administered in temporal regions (SMD=0.32, p = 0.04), whereas rTMS was superior when applied in frontal regions (SMD=0.61, p < 0.001). Therefore, depending on the brain region of stimulation, both interventions produced a positive effect on memory symptoms in AD patients. Finally, the safety of both techniques was observed in the AD population after the reporting of almost no serious events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Fernandes
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto J. Mendes
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ana Conde
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Magda Rocha
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Brain@Loop Lab
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Pauwels EK, Boer GJ. Alzheimer's Disease: A Suitable Case for Treatment with Precision Medicine? Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:000538251. [PMID: 38471490 PMCID: PMC11324226 DOI: 10.1159/000538251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative impairment in elderly people. Clinical characteristics include short-term memory loss, confusion, hallucination, agitation, and behavioural disturbance. Owing to evolving research in biomarkers AD can be discovered at early onset, but the disease is currently considered a continuum, which suggests that pharmacotherapy is most efficacious in the preclinical phase, possibly 15 - 20 years before discernible onset. Present developments in AD therapy aim to respond to this understanding and go beyond the drug families that relieve clinical symptoms. Another important factor in this development is the emergence of precision medicine that aims to tailor treatment to specific patients or patient subgroups. This relatively new platform would categorize AD patients on the basis of parameters like clinical aspects, brain imaging, genetic profiling, clinical genetics and epidemiological factors. This review enlarges on recent progress in the design and clinical use of antisense molecules, antibodies, antioxidants, small molecules and gene editing to stop AD progress and possibly reverse the disease on the basis of relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest K.J. Pauwels
- Leiden University and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. Boer
- Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xu C, Xiao D, Su BB, Saveron JM, Gamez D, Navia RO, Wang N, Roy U, Adjeroh DA, Wang K. Association of APOE gene with longitudinal changes of CSF amyloid beta and tau levels in Alzheimer's disease: racial differences. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1041-1050. [PMID: 37759100 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no investigation has focused on racial differences in the longitudinal effect of APOE genotypes on CSF amyloid beta (Aβ42) and tau levels in AD. METHODS This study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): 222 participants with AD, 264 with cognitive normal (CN), and 692 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and two years follow-up. We used a linear mixed model to investigate the effect of APOE-ε4-genotypes on longitudinal changes in the amyloid beta and tau levels. RESULTS Individuals with 1 or 2 APOE ε4 alleles revealed significantly higher t-Tau and p-Tau, but lower amyloid beta Aβ42 compared with individuals without APOE ε4 alleles. Significantly higher levels of log-t-Tau, log-p-Tau, and low levels of log-Aβ42 were observed in the subjects with older age, being female, and the two diagnostic groups (AD and MCI). The higher p-Tau and Aβ42 values are associated with poor Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance. Non-Hispanic Africa American (AA) and Hispanic participants were associated with decreased log-t-Tau levels (β = - 0.154, p = 0.0112; β = - 0.207, and p = 0.0016, respectively) as compared to those observed in Whites. Furthermore, Hispanic participants were associated with a decreased log-p-Tau level (β = - 0.224, p = 0.0023) compared to those observed in Whites. There were no differences in Aβ42 level for non-Hispanic AA and Hispanic participants compared with White participants. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, showed that the APOE ε4 allele was associated with these biomarkers, however with differing degrees among racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Danqing Xiao
- Department of STEM, School of Arts and Sciences, Regis College, Weston, MA, 02493, USA
| | - Brenda Bin Su
- Department of Pediatrics - Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaime Miguel Saveron
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Daniela Gamez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - R Osvaldo Navia
- Department of Medicine and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Nianyang Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Upal Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Donald A Adjeroh
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Kamondi A, Grigg-Damberger M, Löscher W, Tanila H, Horvath AA. Epilepsy and epileptiform activity in late-onset Alzheimer disease: clinical and pathophysiological advances, gaps and conundrums. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:162-182. [PMID: 38356056 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated a link between Alzheimer disease (AD) and epilepsy. Late-onset epilepsy and epileptiform activity can precede cognitive deterioration in AD by years, and its presence has been shown to predict a faster disease course. In animal models of AD, amyloid and tau pathology are linked to cortical network hyperexcitability that precedes the first signs of memory decline. Thus, detection of epileptiform activity in AD has substantial clinical importance as a potential novel modifiable risk factor for dementia. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence for the complex bidirectional relationship between AD and epilepsy, examine the effect of epileptiform activity and seizures on cognition in people with AD, and discuss the precision medicine treatment strategies based on the latest research in human and animal models. Finally, we outline some of the unresolved questions of the field that should be addressed by rigorous research, including whether particular clinicopathological subtypes of AD have a stronger association with epilepsy, and the sequence of events between epileptiform activity and amyloid and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kamondi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andras Attila Horvath
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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