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Zhou CM, Jiang ZZ, Liu N, Yu XJ. Current insights into human pathogenic phenuiviruses and the host immune system. Virulence 2024; 15:2384563. [PMID: 39072499 PMCID: PMC11290763 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2384563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenuiviruses are a class of segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, typically consisting of three RNA segments that encode four distinct proteins. The emergence of pathogenic phenuivirus strains, such as Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) in sub-Saharan Africa, Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in East and Southeast Asia, and Heartland Virus (HRTV) in the United States has presented considerable challenges to global public health in recent years. The innate immune system plays a crucial role as the initial defense mechanism of the host against invading pathogens. In addition to continued research aimed at elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of phenuivirus, significant advancements have been made in investigating its viral virulence factors (glycoprotein, non-structural protein, and nucleoprotein) and potential host-pathogen interactions. Specifically, efforts have focused on understanding mechanisms of viral immune evasion, viral assembly and egress, and host immune networks involving immune cells, programmed cell death, inflammation, nucleic acid receptors, etc. Furthermore, a plethora of technological advancements, including metagenomics, metabolomics, single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, gene editing, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines, have been utilized to further our understanding of phenuivirus pathogenesis and host immune responses. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms of host recognition, viral immune evasion, and potential therapeutic approaches during human pathogenic phenuivirus infections focusing particularly on RVFV and SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Min Zhou
- Gastrointestinal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ze-Zheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Quality and Operations Management, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Krieger MR, Abrahamian M, He KL, Atamdede S, Hakimjavadi H, Momcilovic M, Ostrow D, Maggo SD, Tsang YP, Gai X, Chanfreau GF, Shackelford DB, Teitell MA, Koehler CM. Trafficking of mitochondrial double-stranded RNA from mitochondria to the cytosol. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302396. [PMID: 38955468 PMCID: PMC11220484 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (mtdsRNA) is exported from mitochondria. However, specific channels for RNA transport have not been demonstrated. Here, we begin to characterize channel candidates for mtdsRNA export from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. Down-regulation of SUV3 resulted in the accumulation of mtdsRNAs in the matrix, whereas down-regulation of PNPase resulted in the export of mtdsRNAs to the cytosol. Targeting experiments show that PNPase functions in both the intermembrane space and matrix. Strand-specific sequencing of the double-stranded RNA confirms the mitochondrial origin. Inhibiting or down-regulating outer membrane proteins VDAC1/2 and BAK/BAX or inner membrane proteins PHB1/2 strongly attenuated the export of mtdsRNAs to the cytosol. The cytosolic mtdsRNAs subsequently localized to large granules containing the stress protein TIA-1 and activated the type 1 interferon stress response pathway. Abundant mtdsRNAs were detected in a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines that were glycolytic, indicating relevance in cancer biology. Thus, we propose that mtdsRNA is a new damage-associated molecular pattern that is exported from mitochondria in a regulated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Krieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin L He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Atamdede
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Milica Momcilovic
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simran Ds Maggo
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yik Pui Tsang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guillaume F Chanfreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Zhu H, Lin W, Lin A. ANT2: the first mammalian mitochondrial RNA transport translocon. Cell Res 2024; 34:535-536. [PMID: 38914843 PMCID: PMC11291982 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- International Institutes of Medicine, International School of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aifu Lin
- International Institutes of Medicine, International School of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Oh S, Mandell MA. Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by 'Antiviral' TRIM Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:1161. [PMID: 39066323 PMCID: PMC11281404 DOI: 10.3390/v16071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key orchestrators of antiviral responses that serve as platforms for the assembly and activation of innate immune-signaling complexes. In response to viral infection, mitochondria can be triggered to release immune-stimulatory molecules that can boost interferon production. These same molecules can be released by damaged mitochondria to induce pathogenic, antiviral-like immune responses in the absence of infection. This review explores how members of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family, which are recognized for their roles in antiviral defense, regulate mitochondria-based innate immune activation. In antiviral defense, TRIMs are essential components of immune signal transduction pathways and function as directly acting viral restriction factors. TRIMs carry out conceptually similar activities when controlling immune activation related to mitochondria. First, they modulate immune-signaling pathways that can be activated by mitochondrial molecules. Second, they co-ordinate the direct removal of mitochondria and associated immune-activating factors through mitophagy. These insights broaden the scope of TRIM actions in innate immunity and may implicate TRIMs in diseases associated with mitochondria-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeun Oh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Michael A. Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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5
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Luna R, Gómez-González B, Aguilera A. RNA biogenesis and RNA metabolism factors as R-loop suppressors: a hidden role in genome integrity. Genes Dev 2024; 38:504-527. [PMID: 38986581 PMCID: PMC11293400 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351853.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome integrity relies on the accuracy of DNA metabolism, but as appreciated for more than four decades, transcription enhances mutation and recombination frequencies. More recent research provided evidence for a previously unforeseen link between RNA and DNA metabolism, which is often related to the accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids and R-loops. In addition to physiological roles, R-loops interfere with DNA replication and repair, providing a molecular scenario for the origin of genome instability. Here, we review current knowledge on the multiple RNA factors that prevent or resolve R-loops and consequent transcription-replication conflicts and thus act as modulators of genome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Luna
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Belén Gómez-González
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41092 Seville, Spain;
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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6
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Kusuma F, Park S, Nguyen KA, Elvira R, Lee D, Han J. PKR Mediates the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response through Double-Stranded RNA Accumulation under Mitochondrial Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7738. [PMID: 39062980 PMCID: PMC11276775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial stress, resulting from dysfunction and proteostasis disturbances, triggers the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT), which activates gene encoding chaperones and proteases to restore mitochondrial function. Although ATFS-1 mediates mitochondrial stress UPRMT induction in C. elegans, the mechanisms relaying mitochondrial stress signals to the nucleus in mammals remain poorly defined. Here, we explored the role of protein kinase R (PKR), an eIF2α kinase activated by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), in mitochondrial stress signaling. We found that UPRMT does not occur in cells lacking PKR, indicating its crucial role in this process. Mechanistically, we observed that dsRNAs accumulate within mitochondria under stress conditions, along with unprocessed mitochondrial transcripts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that accumulated mitochondrial dsRNAs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in the Bax/Bak channels are not released into the cytosol and do not induce the UPRMT upon mitochondrial stress, suggesting a potential role of the Bax/Bak channels in mediating the mitochondrial stress response. These discoveries enhance our understanding of how cells maintain mitochondrial integrity, respond to mitochondrial dysfunction, and communicate stress signals to the nucleus through retrograde signaling. This knowledge provides valuable insights into prospective therapeutic targets for diseases associated with mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedho Kusuma
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (S.P.); (K.A.N.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (S.P.); (K.A.N.)
| | - Kim Anh Nguyen
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (S.P.); (K.A.N.)
| | - Rosalie Elvira
- Soonchunyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (R.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Duckgue Lee
- Soonchunyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (R.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (S.P.); (K.A.N.)
- Soonchunyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea; (R.E.); (D.L.)
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7
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Kim S, Tan S, Ku J, Widowati TA, Ku D, Lee K, You K, Kim Y. RNA 5-methylcytosine marks mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs for degradation and cytosolic release. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00530-6. [PMID: 39019044 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential regulators of innate immunity. They generate long mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) and release them into the cytosol to trigger an immune response under pathological stress conditions. Yet the regulation of these self-immunogenic RNAs remains largely unknown. Here, we employ CRISPR screening on mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA)-binding proteins and identify NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 4 (NSUN4) as a key regulator of mt-dsRNA expression in human cells. We find that NSUN4 induces 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification on mtRNAs, especially on the termini of light-strand long noncoding RNAs. These m5C-modified RNAs are recognized by complement C1q-binding protein (C1QBP), which recruits polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase to facilitate RNA turnover. Suppression of NSUN4 or C1QBP results in increased mt-dsRNA expression, while C1QBP deficiency also leads to increased cytosolic mt-dsRNAs and subsequent immune activation. Collectively, our study unveils the mechanism underlying the selective degradation of light-strand mtRNAs and establishes a molecular mark for mtRNA decay and cytosolic release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tria Asri Widowati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeong Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwontae You
- Xaira Therapeutics, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Tábara LC, Burr SP, Frison M, Chowdhury SR, Paupe V, Nie Y, Johnson M, Villar-Azpillaga J, Viegas F, Segawa M, Anand H, Petkevicius K, Chinnery PF, Prudent J. MTFP1 controls mitochondrial fusion to regulate inner membrane quality control and maintain mtDNA levels. Cell 2024; 187:3619-3637.e27. [PMID: 38851188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics play a critical role in cell fate decisions and in controlling mtDNA levels and distribution. However, the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial membrane remodeling and quality control to mtDNA copy number (CN) regulation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein mitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1) negatively regulates IMM fusion. Moreover, manipulation of mitochondrial fusion through the regulation of MTFP1 levels results in mtDNA CN modulation. Mechanistically, we found that MTFP1 inhibits mitochondrial fusion to isolate and exclude damaged IMM subdomains from the rest of the network. Subsequently, peripheral fission ensures their segregation into small MTFP1-enriched mitochondria (SMEM) that are targeted for degradation in an autophagic-dependent manner. Remarkably, MTFP1-dependent IMM quality control is essential for basal nucleoid recycling and therefore to maintain adequate mtDNA levels within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos Tábara
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Stephen P Burr
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michele Frison
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Suvagata R Chowdhury
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Vincent Paupe
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yu Nie
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mark Johnson
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jara Villar-Azpillaga
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Filipa Viegas
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mayuko Segawa
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hanish Anand
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kasparas Petkevicius
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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9
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Cuddy SR, Flores ME, Krakowiak PA, Whitford AL, Dochnal SA, Babnis A, Miyake T, Tigano M, Engel DA, Cliffe AR. Co-option of mitochondrial nucleic acid sensing pathways by HSV-1 UL12.5 for reactivation from latent Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.06.601241. [PMID: 39005440 PMCID: PMC11245091 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.06.601241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Although viruses subvert innate immune pathways for their replication, there is evidence they can also co-opt anti-viral responses for their benefit. The ubiquitous human pathogen, Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1), encodes a protein (UL12.5) that induces the release of mitochondrial nucleic acid into the cytosol, which activates immune sensing pathways and reduces productive replication in non-neuronal cells. HSV-1 establishes latency in neurons and can reactivate to cause disease. We found that UL12.5 is required for HSV-1 reactivation in neurons and acts to directly promote viral lytic gene expression during initial exit from latency. Further, the direct activation of innate immune sensing pathways triggered HSV reactivation and compensated for a lack of UL12.5. Finally, we found that the induction of HSV-1 lytic genes during reactivation required intact RNA and DNA sensing pathways, demonstrating that HSV-1 can both respond to and active antiviral nucleic acid sensing pathways to reactivate from a latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Cuddy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Matthew E. Flores
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Patryk A. Krakowiak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Abigail L. Whitford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Sara A. Dochnal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Aleksandra Babnis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyake
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Marco Tigano
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia 19107
| | - Daniel A. Engel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Anna. R Cliffe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
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10
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Issa W, Njeim R, Carrazco A, Burke GW, Mitrofanova A. Role of the Innate Immune Response in Glomerular Disease Pathogenesis: Focus on Podocytes. Cells 2024; 13:1157. [PMID: 38995008 PMCID: PMC11240682 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory and immunologic processes play a significant role in the development and progression of glomerular diseases. Podocytes, the terminally differentiated epithelial cells, are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Once injured, podocytes cannot regenerate, leading to progressive proteinuric glomerular diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that podocytes not only maintain the glomerular filtration barrier and are important targets of immune responses but also exhibit many features of immune-like cells, where they are involved in the modulation of the activity of innate and adaptive immunity. This dual role of podocytes may lead to the discovery and development of new therapeutic targets for treating glomerular diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the innate immunity mechanisms involved in podocyte injury and the progression of proteinuric glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Issa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Arianna Carrazco
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - George W Burke
- Division of Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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11
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Ke C, Huang B, Xiang J, Liang J, Wu G, Qiu M, Cheng K, Mao L, Lei W, Hu Y, Tang X, Tian Y, Chen G, Luo OJ, Zhang H. Secreted clusterin inhibits tumorigenesis by modulating tumor cells and macrophages in human meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1262-1279. [PMID: 38416702 PMCID: PMC11226886 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor with a high frequency of postoperative recurrence, yet the biology of the meningioma malignancy process is still obscure. METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets and tumor suppressors, we performed single-cell transcriptome analysis through meningioma malignancy, which included 18 samples spanning normal meninges, benign and high-grade in situ tumors, and lung metastases, for extensive transcriptome characterization. Tumor suppressor candidate gene and molecular mechanism were functionally validated at the animal model and cellular levels. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis and validation in mice and clinical cohorts indicated clusterin (CLU) had suppressive function for meningioma tumorigenesis and malignancy by inducing mitochondria damage and triggering type 1 interferon pathway dependent on its secreted isoform, and the inhibition effect was enhanced by TNFα as TNFα also induced type 1 interferon pathway. Meanwhile, both intra- and extracellular CLU overexpression enhanced macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype and TNFα production, thus promoting tumor killing and phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS CLU might be a key brake of meningioma malignance by synchronously modulating tumor cells and their microenvironment. Our work provides comprehensive insights into meningioma malignancy and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boya Huang
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlian Liang
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangjie Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lipeng Mao
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogen Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhen Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Oscar Junhong Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Janssen KA, Song A. From whence it came: Mitochondrial mRNA leaves, a protein returns. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1433-1435. [PMID: 38959859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Small peptides have previously been reported to be encoded in mitochondrial rRNA and translated by cytosolic ribosomes. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Hu et al. use mass spectrometry to identify a cytosolically translated protein, encoded instead in mitochondrial mRNA, that is surprisingly targeted back into the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Janssen
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Cell and Gene Therapy Collaborative, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Angela Song
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Wang P, Zhang L, Chen S, Li R, Liu P, Li X, Luo H, Huo Y, Zhang Z, Cai Y, Liu X, Huang J, Zhou G, Sun Z, Ding S, Shi J, Zhou Z, Yuan R, Liu L, Wu S, Wang G. ANT2 functions as a translocon for mitochondrial cross-membrane translocation of RNAs. Cell Res 2024; 34:504-521. [PMID: 38811766 PMCID: PMC11217343 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional transcription of mammalian mitochondrial DNA generates overlapping transcripts that are capable of forming double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structures. Release of mitochondrial dsRNA into the cytosol activates the dsRNA-sensing immune signaling, which is a defense mechanism against microbial and viral attack and possibly cancer, but could cause autoimmune diseases when unchecked. A better understanding of the process is vital in therapeutic application of this defense mechanism and treatment of cognate human diseases. In addition to exporting dsRNAs, mitochondria also export and import a variety of non-coding RNAs. However, little is known about how these RNAs are transported across mitochondrial membranes. Here we provide direct evidence showing that adenine nucleotide translocase-2 (ANT2) functions as a mammalian RNA translocon in the mitochondrial inner membrane, independent of its ADP/ATP translocase activity. We also show that mitochondrial dsRNA efflux through ANT2 triggers innate immunity. Inhibiting this process alleviates inflammation in vivo, providing a potential therapeutic approach for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Lixiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Renjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Hongdi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Yujia Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangkeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Shanwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Zizhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Sipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
| | - Geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
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14
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Muneretto G, Plazzi F, Passamonti M. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus communication mediated by RNA export: a survey of potential mechanisms and players across eukaryotes. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240147. [PMID: 38982851 PMCID: PMC11283861 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleus interacts with the other organelles to perform essential functions of the eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria have their own genome and communicate back to the nucleus in what is known as mitochondrial retrograde response. Information is transferred to the nucleus in many ways, leading to wide-ranging changes in nuclear gene expression and culminating with changes in metabolic, regulatory or stress-related pathways. RNAs are emerging molecules involved in this signalling. RNAs encode precise information and are involved in highly target-specific signalling, through a wide range of processes known as RNA interference. RNA-mediated mitochondrial retrograde response requires these molecules to exit the mitochondrion, a process that is still mostly unknown. We suggest that the proteins/complexes translocases of the inner membrane, polynucleotide phosphorylase, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and the subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes may be responsible for RNA export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Muneretto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Plazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Passamonti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Solotchi M, Patel SS. Proofreading mechanisms of the innate immune receptor RIG-I: distinguishing self and viral RNA. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1131-1148. [PMID: 38884803 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), comprising retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), are pattern recognition receptors belonging to the DExD/H-box RNA helicase family of proteins. RLRs detect viral RNAs in the cytoplasm and respond by initiating a robust antiviral response that up-regulates interferon and cytokine production. RIG-I and MDA5 complement each other by recognizing different RNA features, and LGP2 regulates their activation. RIG-I's multilayered RNA recognition and proofreading mechanisms ensure accurate viral RNA detection while averting harmful responses to host RNAs. RIG-I's C-terminal domain targets 5'-triphosphate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) blunt ends, while an intrinsic gating mechanism prevents the helicase domains from non-specifically engaging with host RNAs. The ATPase and RNA translocation activity of RIG-I adds another layer of selectivity by minimizing the lifetime of RIG-I on non-specific RNAs, preventing off-target activation. The versatility of RIG-I's ATPase function also amplifies downstream signaling by enhancing the signaling domain (CARDs) exposure on 5'-triphosphate dsRNA and promoting oligomerization. In this review, we offer an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms RIG-I uses to facilitate viral RNA sensing and regulate downstream activation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Solotchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Smita S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
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16
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Glover HL, Schreiner A, Dewson G, Tait SWG. Mitochondria and cell death. Nat Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41556-024-01429-4. [PMID: 38902422 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular factories for energy production, calcium homeostasis and iron metabolism, but they also have an unequivocal and central role in intrinsic apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c. While the subsequent activation of proteolytic caspases ensures that cell death proceeds in the absence of collateral inflammation, other phlogistic cell death pathways have been implicated in using, or engaging, mitochondria. Here we discuss the emerging complexities of intrinsic apoptosis controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. We highlight the emerging theory that non-lethal mitochondrial apoptotic signalling has diverse biological roles that impact cancer, innate immunity and ageing. Finally, we delineate the role of mitochondria in other forms of cell death, such as pyroptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and discuss mitochondria as central hubs for the intersection and coordination of cell death signalling pathways, underscoring their potential for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Glover
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annabell Schreiner
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Han L, Guo X, Xu C, Shen W, Zhao Z. The dsRNA isolated from Escherichia coli infected with the MS2 bacteriophage induces the production of interferons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149915. [PMID: 38663038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections pose a significant threat to public health, and the production of interferons represents one of the most critical antiviral innate immune responses of the host. Consequently, the screening and identification of compounds or reagents that induce interferon production are of paramount importance. This study commenced with the cultivation of host bacterium 15,597, followed by the infection of Escherichia coli with the MS2 bacteriophage. Utilizing the J2 capture technique, a class of dsRNA mixtures (MS2+15,597) was isolated from the E. coli infected with the MS2 bacteriophage. Subsequent investigations were conducted on the immunostimulatory activity of the MS2+15,597 mixture. The results indicated that the dsRNA mixtures (MS2+15,597) extracted from E. coli infected with the MS2 bacteriophage possess the capability to activate innate immunity, thereby inducing the production of interferon-β. These dsRNA mixtures can activate the RIG-I and TLR3 pattern recognition receptors, stimulating the expression of interferon stimulatory factors 3/7, which in turn triggers the NF-κB signaling pathway, culminating in the cellular production of interferon-β to achieve antiviral effects. This study offers novel insights and strategies for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, potentially providing new modalities for future antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xinjie Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Wenlong Shen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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18
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Ku D, Yang Y, Park Y, Jang D, Lee N, Lee YK, Lee K, Lee J, Han YB, Jang S, Choi SR, Ha YJ, Choi YS, Jeong WJ, Lee YJ, Lee KJ, Cha S, Kim Y. SLIRP promotes autoimmune diseases by amplifying antiviral signaling via positive feedback regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587146. [PMID: 38915695 PMCID: PMC11195051 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal innate immune response is a prominent feature underlying autoimmune diseases. One emerging factor that can trigger dysregulated immune activation is cytosolic mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs). However, the mechanism by which mt-dsRNAs stimulate immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we discover SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein (SLIRP) as a key amplifier of mt-dsRNA-triggered antiviral signals. In autoimmune diseases, SLIRP is commonly upregulated, and targeted knockdown of SLIRP dampens the interferon response. We find that the activation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) by exogenous dsRNAs upregulates SLIRP, which then stabilizes mt-dsRNAs and promotes their cytosolic release to activate MDA5 further, augmenting the interferon response. Furthermore, the downregulation of SLIRP partially rescues the abnormal interferon-stimulated gene expression in autoimmune patients' primary cells and makes cells vulnerable to certain viral infections. Our study unveils SLIRP as a pivotal mediator of interferon response through positive feedback amplification of antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeong Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngran Park
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesong Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-ki Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseon Lee
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rim Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yamada Y, Zheng Z, Jad AK, Yamashita M. Lethal and sublethal effects of programmed cell death pathways on hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2024; 134:104214. [PMID: 38582294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an evolutionally conserved cellular process in multicellular organisms that eliminates unnecessary or rogue cells during development, infection, and carcinogenesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare, self-renewing, and multipotent cell population necessary for the establishment and regeneration of the hematopoietic system. Counterintuitively, key components necessary for programmed cell death induction are abundantly expressed in long-lived HSCs, which often survive myeloablative stress by engaging a prosurvival response that counteracts cell death-inducing stimuli. Although HSCs are well known for their apoptosis resistance, recent studies have revealed their unique vulnerability to certain types of programmed necrosis, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that programmed cell death pathways can be sublethally activated to cause nonlethal consequences such as innate immune response, organelle dysfunction, and mutagenesis. In this review, we summarized recent findings on how divergent cell death programs are molecularly regulated in HSCs. We then discussed potential side effects caused by sublethal activation of programmed cell death pathways on the functionality of surviving HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Zheng
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alaa K Jad
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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20
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Peace CG, O'Carroll SM, O'Neill LAJ. Fumarate hydratase as a metabolic regulator of immunity. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:442-450. [PMID: 37940417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites have been implicated in modulating signalling pathways in immune cells. Notable examples include succinate and itaconate, which have pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, respectively. Recently, fumarate has emerged as having specific roles in macrophage activation, regulating the production of such cytokines as interleukin (IL)-10 and type I interferons (IFNs). Fumarate hydratase (FH) has been identified as a control point. Notably, FH loss in different models and cell types has been found to lead to DNA and RNA release from mitochondria which are sensed by cytosolic nucleic acid sensors including retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I, melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA)5, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to upregulate IFN-β production. These findings may have relevance in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases associated with decreased FH levels such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or FH-deficient kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Peace
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shane M O'Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Chan YJ, Liu NT, Hsin F, Lu JY, Lin JY, Liu HM. Temporal regulation of MDA5 inactivation by Caspase-3 dependent cleavage of 14-3-3η. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012287. [PMID: 38843304 PMCID: PMC11185488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of type I interferon (IFN) induction versus the virus replication compete, and the result of the competition determines the outcome of the infection. Chaperone proteins that involved in promoting the activation kinetics of PRRs rapidly trigger antiviral innate immunity. We have previously shown that prior to the interaction with MAVS to induce type I IFN, 14-3-3η facilitates the oligomerization and intracellular redistribution of activated MDA5. Here we report that the cleavage of 14-3-3η upon MDA5 activation, and we identified Caspase-3 activated by MDA5-dependent signaling was essential to produce sub-14-3-3η lacking the C-terminal helix (αI) and tail. The cleaved form of 14-3-3η (sub-14-3-3η) could strongly interact with MDA5 but could not support MDA5-dependent type I IFN induction, indicating the opposite functions between the full-length 14-3-3η and sub-14-3-3η. During human coronavirus or enterovirus infections, the accumulation of sub-14-3-3η was observed along with the activation of Caspase-3, suggesting that RNA viruses may antagonize 14-3-3η by promoting the formation of sub-14-3-3η to impair antiviral innate immunity. In conclusion, sub-14-3-3η, which could not promote MDA5 activation, may serve as a negative feedback to return to homeostasis to prevent excessive type I IFN production and unnecessary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jui Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tzu Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu Hsin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yi Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Helene Minyi Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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22
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Huang X, Liang N, Zhang F, Lin W, Ma W. Lovastatin-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Leads to the Release of mtDNA to Promote Apoptosis by Activating cGAS-STING Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:679. [PMID: 38929118 PMCID: PMC11200898 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in the mevalonate pathway leads to the suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has been suggested to not only facilitate inflammatory responses and the production of type I interferons (IFN), but also activate other cellular processes, such as apoptosis. It has not been studied, however, whether cGAS-STING activation is involved in the apoptosis induced by statin treatment in human colorectal cancer cells. In this study, we reported that lovastatin impaired mitochondrial function, including the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduction of oxygen consumption, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, and mtDNA abundance in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. The mitochondrial dysfunction markedly induced ROS production in mitochondria, whereas the defect in mitochondria respiration or depletion of mitochondria eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The ROS-induced oxidative DNA damage by lovastatin treatment was attenuated by mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (mitoQ). Upon DNA damage, mtDNA was released into the cytosol and bound to DNA sensor cGAS, thus activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to trigger a type I interferon response. This effect was not activated by nuclear DNA (nuDNA) or mitochondrial RNA, as the depletion of mitochondria compromised this effect, but not the knockdown of retinoic acid-inducible gene-1/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (RIG-I/MDA5) adaptor or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). Moreover, lovastatin-induced apoptosis was partly dependent on the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in HCT116 cells as the knockdown of cGAS or STING expression rescued cell viability and mitigated apoptosis. Similarly, the knockdown of cGAS or STING also attenuated the antitumor effect of lovastatin in the HCT116 xenograft model in vivo. Our findings suggest that lovastatin-induced apoptosis is at least partly mediated through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by triggering mtDNA accumulation in the cytosol in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Liang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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23
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Marques E, Kramer R, Ryan DG. Multifaceted mitochondria in innate immunity. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 2:6. [PMID: 38812744 PMCID: PMC11129950 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-024-00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The ability of mitochondria to transform the energy we obtain from food into cell phosphorylation potential has long been appreciated. However, recent decades have seen an evolution in our understanding of mitochondria, highlighting their significance as key signal-transducing organelles with essential roles in immunity that extend beyond their bioenergetic function. Importantly, mitochondria retain bacterial motifs as a remnant of their endosymbiotic origin that are recognised by innate immune cells to trigger inflammation and participate in anti-microbial defence. This review aims to explore how mitochondrial physiology, spanning from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to signalling of mitochondrial nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids, influences the effector functions of phagocytes. These myriad effector functions include macrophage polarisation, efferocytosis, anti-bactericidal activity, antigen presentation, immune signalling, and cytokine regulation. Strict regulation of these processes is critical for organismal homeostasis that when disrupted may cause injury or contribute to disease. Thus, the expanding body of literature, which continues to highlight the central role of mitochondria in the innate immune system, may provide insights for the development of the next generation of therapies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Marques
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robbin Kramer
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dylan G. Ryan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Key J, Gispert S, Auburger G. Knockout Mouse Studies Show That Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase Act in Matrix Condensates near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:694. [PMID: 38927630 PMCID: PMC11202940 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING-activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to humans, despite their secondary role in proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic-metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates as first-aid systems near the inner mitochondrial membrane. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and the D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA/mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, as other mitochondrial peptidases: MPPs at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (S.G.)
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25
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Yu C, Asadian S, Tigano M. Molecular and cellular consequences of mitochondrial DNA double-stranded breaks. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R12-R18. [PMID: 38779775 PMCID: PMC11112379 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles essential for life. Beyond their role in producing energy, mitochondria govern various physiological mechanisms, encompassing energy generation, metabolic processes, apoptotic events, and immune responses. Mitochondria also contain genetic material that is susceptible to various forms of damage. Mitochondrial double-stranded breaks (DSB) are toxic lesions that the nucleus repairs promptly. Nevertheless, the significance of DSB repair in mammalian mitochondria is controversial. This review presents an updated view of the available research on the consequences of mitochondrial DNA DSB from the molecular to the cellular level. We discuss the crucial function of mitochondrial DNA damage in regulating processes such as senescence, integrated stress response, and innate immunity. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of mitochondrial DNA DSB in mediating the cellular consequences of ionizing radiations, the standard of care in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia 19107, United States
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Samieh Asadian
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Marco Tigano
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia 19107, United States
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26
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Santonoceto G, Jurkiewicz A, Szczesny RJ. RNA degradation in human mitochondria: the journey is not finished. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R26-R33. [PMID: 38779774 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Although most of the mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded, mitochondria contain their own genome, whose proper expression is necessary for mitochondrial function. Transcription of the human mitochondrial genome results in the synthesis of long polycistronic transcripts that are subsequently processed by endonucleases to release individual RNA molecules, including precursors of sense protein-encoding mRNA (mt-mRNA) and a vast amount of antisense noncoding RNAs. Because of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) organization, the regulation of individual gene expression at the transcriptional level is limited. Although transcription of most protein-coding mitochondrial genes occurs with the same frequency, steady-state levels of mature transcripts are different. Therefore, post-transcriptional processes are important for regulating mt-mRNA levels. The mitochondrial degradosome is a complex composed of the RNA helicase SUV3 (also known as SUPV3L1) and polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase, PNPT1). It is the best-characterized RNA-degrading machinery in human mitochondria, which is primarily responsible for the decay of mitochondrial antisense RNA. The mechanism of mitochondrial sense RNA decay is less understood. This review aims to provide a general picture of mitochondrial genome expression, with a particular focus on mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santonoceto
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Aneta Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Roman J Szczesny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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27
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Dorrity TJ, Shin H, Gertie JA, Chung H. The Sixth Sense: Self-nucleic acid sensing in the brain. Adv Immunol 2024; 161:53-83. [PMID: 38763702 PMCID: PMC11186578 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Our innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as a first line of defense to detect microbial ligands and initiate an immune response. Viral nucleic acids are key ligands for the activation of many PRRs and the induction of downstream inflammatory and antiviral effects. Initially it was thought that endogenous (self) nucleic acids rarely activated these PRRs, however emerging evidence indicates that endogenous nucleic acids are able to activate host PRRs in homeostasis and disease. In fact, many regulatory mechanisms are in place to finely control and regulate sensing of self-nucleic acids by PRRs. Sensing of self-nucleic acids is particularly important in the brain, as perturbations to nucleic acid sensing commonly leads to neuropathology. This review will highlight the role of nucleic acid sensors in the brain, both in disease and homeostasis. We also indicate the source of endogenous stimulatory nucleic acids where known and summarize future directions for the study of this growing field.
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Key Words
- Brain
- DNA sensing PRRs: cGAS, AIM2, TLR9
- Neurodegeneration: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS), Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Traumatic brain injury
- Neurodevelopment
- Neuroinflammation
- Nuecleic acid immunity
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
- RNA sensing PRRs: MDA5, RIG-I, PKR, TLR3, TLR7/8
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Dorrity
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heegwon Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jake A Gertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hachung Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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28
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Qu S, Yang C, Sun X, Huang H, Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Liang H, Zen K. Blockade of pan-viral propagation by inhibition of host cell PNPT1. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107124. [PMID: 38412930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
For successful viral propagation within infected cells, the virus needs to overcome the cellular integrated stress response (ISR), triggered during viral infection, which, in turn, inhibits general protein translation. This paper reports a tactic employed by viruses to suppress the ISR by upregulating host cell polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1). The propagation of adenovirus, murine cytomegalovirus and hepatovirus within their respective host cells induces PNPT1 expression. Notably, when PNPT1 is knocked down, the propagation of all three viruses is prevented. Mechanistically, the inhibition of PNPT1 facilitates the relocation of mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) to the cytoplasm, where they activate RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). This activation leads to eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, resulting in the suppression of translation. Furthermore, by scrutinizing the PNPT1 recognition element and screening 17,728 drugs and bioactive compounds approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, lanatoside C was identified as a potent PNPT1 inhibitor. This compound impedes the propagation of adenovirus, murine cytomegalovirus and hepatovirus, and suppresses production of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 spike protein. These discoveries shed light on a novel strategy to impede pan-viral propagation by activating the host cell mt-dsRNA-PKR-eIF2α signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinlei Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaliang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Escoubas CC, Molofsky AV. Microglia as integrators of brain-associated molecular patterns. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:358-370. [PMID: 38658221 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in brain development and experience dependent plasticity. In this review we discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms through which mammalian microglia sense the unique molecular patterns of the homeostatic brain. We propose that microglial function is acutely controlled in response to 'brain-associated molecular patterns' (BAMPs) that function as indicators of neuronal activity and neural circuit remodeling. A further layer of regulation comes from instructive cytokine cues that define unique microglial functional states. A systematic investigation of the receptors and signaling pathways that mediate these two regulatory axes may begin to define a functional code for microglia-neuron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Escoubas
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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30
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Huang Y, Jiang W, Zhou R. DAMP sensing and sterile inflammation: intracellular, intercellular and inter-organ pathways. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01027-3. [PMID: 38684933 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules that are released from host cells as a result of cell death or damage. The release of DAMPs in tissues is associated with loss of tissue homeostasis. Sensing of DAMPs by innate immune receptors triggers inflammation, which can be beneficial in initiating the processes that restore tissue homeostasis but can also drive inflammatory diseases. In recent years, the sensing of intracellular DAMPs has received extensive attention in the field of sterile inflammation. However, emerging studies have shown that DAMPs that originate from neighbouring cells, and even from distal tissues or organs, also mediate sterile inflammatory responses. This multi-level sensing of DAMPs is crucial for intercellular, trans-tissue and trans-organ communication. Here, we summarize how DAMP-sensing receptors detect DAMPs from intracellular, intercellular or distal tissue and organ sources to mediate sterile inflammation. We also discuss the possibility of targeting DAMPs or their corresponding receptors to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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31
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Zou Y, Kamoi K, Zong Y, Zhang J, Yang M, Ohno-Matsui K. Vaccines and the Eye: Current Understanding of the Molecular and Immunological Effects of Vaccination on the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4755. [PMID: 38731972 PMCID: PMC11084287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a public health cornerstone that protects against numerous infectious diseases. Despite its benefits, immunization implications on ocular health warrant thorough investigation, particularly in the context of vaccine-induced ocular inflammation. This review aimed to elucidate the complex interplay between vaccination and the eye, focusing on the molecular and immunological pathways implicated in vaccine-associated ocular adverse effects. Through an in-depth analysis of recent advancements and the existing literature, we explored various mechanisms of vaccine-induced ocular inflammation, such as direct infection by live attenuated vaccines, immune complex formation, adjuvant-induced autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, hypersensitivity reactions, PEG-induced allergic reactions, Type 1 IFN activation, free extracellular RNA, and specific components. We further examined the specific ocular conditions associated with vaccination, such as uveitis, optic neuritis, and retinitis, and discussed the potential impact of novel vaccines, including those against SARS-CoV-2. This review sheds light on the intricate relationships between vaccination, the immune system, and ocular tissues, offering insights into informed discussions and future research directions aimed at optimizing vaccine safety and ophthalmological care. Our analysis underscores the importance of vigilance and further research to understand and mitigate the ocular side effects of vaccines, thereby ensuring the continued success of vaccination programs, while preserving ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koju Kamoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (K.O.-M.)
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32
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Wang Y, Pattarayan D, Huang H, Zhao Y, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Li S, Yang D. Systematic investigation of chemo-immunotherapy synergism to shift anti-PD-1 resistance in cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3178. [PMID: 38609378 PMCID: PMC11015024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy combinations have been regarded as one of the most practical ways to improve immunotherapy response in cancer patients. In this study, we integrate the transcriptomics data from anti-PD-1-treated tumors and compound-treated cancer cell lines to systematically screen for chemo-immunotherapy synergisms in silico. Through analyzing anti-PD-1 induced expression changes in patient tumors, we develop a shift ability score to measure if a chemotherapy or a small molecule inhibitor treatment can shift anti-PD-1 resistance in tumor cells. By applying shift ability analysis to 41,321 compounds and 16,853 shRNA treated cancer cell lines transcriptomic data, we characterize the landscape of chemo-immunotherapy synergism and experimentally validated a mitochondrial RNA-dependent mechanism for drug-induced immune activation in tumor. Our study represents an effort to mechanistically characterize chemo-immunotherapy synergism and will facilitate future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dhamotharan Pattarayan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yueshan Zhao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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33
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Ma M, Jiang W, Zhou R. DAMPs and DAMP-sensing receptors in inflammation and diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:752-771. [PMID: 38599169 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules produced in cellular damage or stress, and they can activate the innate immune system. DAMPs contain multiple types of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, ions, glycans, and metabolites. Although these endogenous molecules do not trigger immune response under steady-state condition, they may undergo changes in distribution, physical or chemical property, or concentration upon cellular damage or stress, and then they become DAMPs that can be sensed by innate immune receptors to induce inflammatory response. Thus, DAMPs play an important role in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the conversion of homeostatic molecules into DAMPs; the diverse nature and classification, cellular origin, and sensing of DAMPs; and their role in inflammation and related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical strategies to treat DAMP-associated diseases via targeting DAMP-sensing receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China; Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
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34
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Yoneyama M, Kato H, Fujita T. Physiological functions of RIG-I-like receptors. Immunity 2024; 57:731-751. [PMID: 38599168 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are crucial for pathogen detection and triggering immune responses and have immense physiological importance. In this review, we first summarize the interferon system and innate immunity, which constitute primary and secondary responses. Next, the molecular structure of RLRs and the mechanism of sensing non-self RNA are described. Usually, self RNA is refractory to the RLR; however, there are underlying host mechanisms that prevent immune reactions. Studies have revealed that the regulatory mechanisms of RLRs involve covalent molecular modifications, association with regulatory factors, and subcellular localization. Viruses have evolved to acquire antagonistic RLR functions to escape the host immune reactions. Finally, the pathologies caused by the malfunction of RLR signaling are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pandemic and Post-disaster Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Kang Y, Hepojoki J, Maldonado RS, Mito T, Terzioglu M, Manninen T, Kant R, Singh S, Othman A, Verma R, Uusimaa J, Wartiovaara K, Kareinen L, Zamboni N, Nyman TA, Paetau A, Kipar A, Vapalahti O, Suomalainen A. Ancestral allele of DNA polymerase gamma modifies antiviral tolerance. Nature 2024; 628:844-853. [PMID: 38570685 PMCID: PMC11041766 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical modulators of antiviral tolerance through the release of mitochondrial RNA and DNA (mtDNA and mtRNA) fragments into the cytoplasm after infection, activating virus sensors and type-I interferon (IFN-I) response1-4. The relevance of these mechanisms for mitochondrial diseases remains understudied. Here we investigated mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome (MIRAS), which is caused by a common European founder mutation in DNA polymerase gamma (POLG1)5. Patients homozygous for the MIRAS variant p.W748S show exceptionally variable ages of onset and symptoms5, indicating that unknown modifying factors contribute to disease manifestation. We report that the mtDNA replicase POLG1 has a role in antiviral defence mechanisms to double-stranded DNA and positive-strand RNA virus infections (HSV-1, TBEV and SARS-CoV-2), and its p.W748S variant dampens innate immune responses. Our patient and knock-in mouse data show that p.W748S compromises mtDNA replisome stability, causing mtDNA depletion, aggravated by virus infection. Low mtDNA and mtRNA release into the cytoplasm and a slow IFN response in MIRAS offer viruses an early replicative advantage, leading to an augmented pro-inflammatory response, a subacute loss of GABAergic neurons and liver inflammation and necrosis. A population databank of around 300,000 Finnish individuals6 demonstrates enrichment of immunodeficient traits in carriers of the POLG1 p.W748S mutation. Our evidence suggests that POLG1 defects compromise antiviral tolerance, triggering epilepsy and liver disease. The finding has important implications for the mitochondrial disease spectrum, including epilepsy, ataxia and parkinsonism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Age of Onset
- Alleles
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19/genetics
- DNA Polymerase gamma/genetics
- DNA Polymerase gamma/immunology
- DNA Polymerase gamma/metabolism
- DNA, Mitochondrial/immunology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/genetics
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/immunology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/virology
- Founder Effect
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Herpes Simplex/genetics
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/enzymology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
- Mitochondrial Diseases/immunology
- Mutation
- RNA, Mitochondrial/immunology
- RNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kang
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Sartori Maldonado
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takayuki Mito
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mügen Terzioglu
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sachin Singh
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alaa Othman
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Verma
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Unit of Child Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirmo Wartiovaara
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Food Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tuula Anneli Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Paetau
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland.
- HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Wang Y, Zuo Z, Shi J, Fang Y, Yin Z, Wang Z, Yang Z, Jia B, Sun Y. Modulatory role of neuropeptide FF system in macrophages. Peptides 2024; 174:171164. [PMID: 38272240 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is an octapeptide that regulates various cellular processes, especially pain perception. Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the modulation of NPFF in neuroendocrine inflammation. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the regulation of NPFF in macrophage-mediated biological processes. We delve into the impact of NPFF on macrophage polarization, self-renewal modulation, and the promotion of mitophagy, facilitating the transition from thermogenic fat to fat-storing adipose tissue. Additionally, we explore the NPFF-dependent regulation of the inflammatory response mediated by macrophages, its impact on the differentiation of macrophages, and its capacity to induce alterations in the transcriptome of macrophages. We also address the potential of NPFF as a therapeutic molecule in the field of neuroendocrine inflammation. Overall, our work offers an understanding of the influence of NPFF on macrophage, facilitating the exploration of its pharmacological significance in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Jiajia Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yanwei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Zhongqian Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Zhouqi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Bin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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Zaid A, Ariel A. Harnessing anti-inflammatory pathways and macrophage nano delivery to treat inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115204. [PMID: 38342241 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages are an appealing target for immunomodulation by nanodelivery as they are heavily involved in various aspects of many diseases and are highly plastic in their nature. Their continuum of functional "polarization" states has been a research focus for many years yielding a profound understanding of various aspects of these cells. The ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to metamorphose from pro-inflammatory to reparative and consequently to pro-resolving effectors has raised significant interest in its therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly survey macrophages' ontogeny and various polarization phenotypes, highlighting their function in the inflammation-resolution shift. We review their inducing mediators, signaling pathways, and biological programs with emphasis on the nucleic acid sensing-IFN-I axis. We also portray the polarization spectrum of macrophages and the characteristics of their transition between different subtypes. Finally, we highlighted different current drug delivery methods for targeting macrophages with emphasis on nanotargeting that might lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of wound healing, bone regeneration, autoimmune, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaid
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel.
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38
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Messmer M, Pierson L, Pasquier C, Djordjevic N, Chicher J, Hammann P, Pfeffer S, Girardi E. DEAD box RNA helicase 5 is a new pro-viral host factor for Sindbis virus infection. Virol J 2024; 21:76. [PMID: 38553727 PMCID: PMC10981342 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA helicases are emerging as key factors regulating host-virus interactions. The DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5, which plays an important role in many aspects of cellular RNA biology, was also found to either promote or inhibit viral replication upon infection with several RNA viruses. Here, our aim is to examine the impact of DDX5 on Sindbis virus (SINV) infection. METHODS We analysed the interaction between DDX5 and the viral RNA using imaging and RNA-immunoprecipitation approaches. The interactome of DDX5 in mock- and SINV-infected cells was determined by mass spectrometry. We validated the interaction between DDX17 and the viral capsid by co- immunoprecipitation in the presence or absence of an RNase treatment. We determined the subcellular localization of DDX5, its cofactor DDX17 and the viral capsid protein by co-immunofluorescence. Finally, we investigated the impact of DDX5 depletion and overexpression on SINV infection at the viral protein, RNA and infectious particle accumulation level. The contribution of DDX17 was also tested by knockdown experiments. RESULTS In this study we demonstrate that DDX5 interacts with the SINV RNA during infection. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis of the DDX5 interactome in mock and SINV-infected HCT116 cells identified new cellular and viral partners and confirmed the interaction between DDX5 and DDX17. Both DDX5 and DDX17 re-localize from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon SINV infection and interact with the viral capsid protein. We also show that DDX5 depletion negatively impacts the viral replication cycle, while its overexpression has a pro-viral effect. Finally, we observed that DDX17 depletion reduces SINV infection, an effect which is even more pronounced in a DDX5-depleted background, suggesting a synergistic pro-viral effect of the DDX5 and DDX17 proteins on SINV. CONCLUSIONS These results not only shed light on DDX5 as a novel and important host factor to the SINV life cycle, but also expand our understanding of the roles played by DDX5 and DDX17 as regulators of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Messmer
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Louison Pierson
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Charline Pasquier
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Nikola Djordjevic
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Johana Chicher
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg - Esplanade, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg - Esplanade, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Sébastien Pfeffer
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Erika Girardi
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France.
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39
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Zhou Y, Panhale A, Shvedunova M, Balan M, Gomez-Auli A, Holz H, Seyfferth J, Helmstädter M, Kayser S, Zhao Y, Erdogdu NU, Grzadzielewska I, Mittler G, Manke T, Akhtar A. RNA damage compartmentalization by DHX9 stress granules. Cell 2024; 187:1701-1718.e28. [PMID: 38503283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecules incur damage during stress conditions, and damage partitioning represents a vital survival strategy for cells. Here, we identified a distinct stress granule (SG), marked by dsRNA helicase DHX9, which compartmentalizes ultraviolet (UV)-induced RNA, but not DNA, damage. Our FANCI technology revealed that DHX9 SGs are enriched in damaged intron RNA, in contrast to classical SGs that are composed of mature mRNA. UV exposure causes RNA crosslinking damage, impedes intron splicing and decay, and triggers DHX9 SGs within daughter cells. DHX9 SGs promote cell survival and induce dsRNA-related immune response and translation shutdown, differentiating them from classical SGs that assemble downstream of translation arrest. DHX9 modulates dsRNA abundance in the DHX9 SGs and promotes cell viability. Autophagy receptor p62 is activated and important for DHX9 SG disassembly. Our findings establish non-canonical DHX9 SGs as a dedicated non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic compartment that safeguards daughter cells from parental RNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amol Panhale
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirela Balan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Herbert Holz
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Seyfferth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- EMcore, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Freiburg, Hospital Freiburg, University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Séverine Kayser
- EMcore, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Freiburg, Hospital Freiburg, University Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niyazi Umut Erdogdu
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iga Grzadzielewska
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Mittler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Manke
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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Wang D, Tang M, Zhang P, Yang K, Huang L, Wu M, Shen Q, Yue J, Wang W, Gong Y, Warner M, Dai L, He H, Yang Z, Gustafsson JA, Zhou S. Activation of ERβ hijacks the splicing machinery to trigger R-loop formation in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306814121. [PMID: 38513102 PMCID: PMC10990146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306814121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Current therapeutic options available for TNBC patients are primarily chemotherapy. With our evolving understanding of this disease, novel targeted therapies, including poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed for clinical use. Previous reports have demonstrated the essential role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in TNBC, but the detailed molecular mechanisms downstream ERβ activation in TNBC are still far from elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that a specific ERβ agonist, LY500307, potently induces R-loop formation and DNA damage in TNBC cells. Subsequent interactome experiments indicated that the residues 151 to 165 of U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) and the Trp439 and Lys443 of ERβ were critical for the binding between U2AF1 and ERβ. Combined RNA sequencing and ribosome sequencing analysis demonstrated that U2AF1-regulated downstream RNA splicing of 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH) could affect its enzymatic activity and is essential for ERβ-induced R-loop formation and DNA damage. In clinical samples including 115 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 32 patients from an in-house cohort, we found a close correlation in the expression of ESR2 and U2AF1 in TNBC patients. Collectively, our study has unraveled the molecular mechanisms that explain the therapeutic effects of ERβ activation in TNBC, which provides rationale for ERβ activation-based single or combined therapy for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muya Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Biomedical Big Data Center, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Margaret Warner
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihuai He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge14157, Sweden
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
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Liu D, Zhou X, He Y, Zhao J. The Roles of CircRNAs in Mitochondria. J Cancer 2024; 15:2759-2769. [PMID: 38577612 PMCID: PMC10988319 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in varieties of cellular events. It is widely accepted that human mitochondrial genome encodes 13 proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Gene variation derived from human nuclear genome cannot completely explain mitochondrial diseases. The advent of high-throughput sequencing coupled with novel bioinformatic analyses decode the complexity of mitochondria-derived transcripts. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) from both human mitochondrial genome and nuclear genome have been found to be located at mitochondria. Studies about the roles and molecular mechanisms underlying trafficking of the nucleus encoded circRNAs to mitochondria and mitochondria encoded circRNAs to the nucleus or cytoplasm in mammals are only beginning to emerge. These circRNAs have been associated with a variety of diseases, especially cancers. Here, we discuss the emerging field of mitochondria-located circRNAs by reviewing their identification, expression patterns, regulatory roles, and functional mechanisms. Mitochondria-located circRNAs have regulatory roles in cellular physiology and pathology. We also highlight future perspectives and challenges in studying mitochondria-located circRNAs, as well as their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Liu
- Department of Special Medical Care, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yida He
- Department of Epidemiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Special Medical Care, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Ramalho T, Assis PA, Ojelabi O, Tan L, Carvalho B, Gardinassi L, Campos O, Lorenzi PL, Fitzgerald KA, Haynes C, Golenbock DT, Gazzinelli RT. Itaconate impairs immune control of Plasmodium by enhancing mtDNA-mediated PD-L1 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Cell Metab 2024; 36:484-497.e6. [PMID: 38325373 PMCID: PMC10940217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Severe forms of malaria are associated with systemic inflammation and host metabolism disorders; however, the interplay between these outcomes is poorly understood. Using a Plasmodium chabaudi model of malaria, we demonstrate that interferon (IFN) γ boosts glycolysis in splenic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MODCs), leading to itaconate accumulation and disruption in the TCA cycle. Increased itaconate levels reduce mitochondrial functionality, which associates with organellar nucleic acid release and MODC restraint. We hypothesize that dysfunctional mitochondria release degraded DNA into the cytosol. Once mitochondrial DNA is sensitized, the activation of IRF3 and IRF7 promotes the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and checkpoint markers. Indeed, depletion of the STING-IRF3/IRF7 axis reduces PD-L1 expression, enabling activation of CD8+ T cells that control parasite proliferation. In summary, mitochondrial disruption caused by itaconate in MODCs leads to a suppressive effect in CD8+ T cells, which enhances parasitemia. We provide evidence that ACOD1 and itaconate are potential targets for adjunct antimalarial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ramalho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Patricia A Assis
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ogooluwa Ojelabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brener Carvalho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gardinassi
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Campos
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cole Haynes
- Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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43
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Kim S, Ramalho TR, Haynes CM. Regulation of proteostasis and innate immunity via mitochondria-nuclear communication. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310005. [PMID: 38335010 PMCID: PMC10857905 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are perhaps best known as the "powerhouse of the cell" for their role in ATP production required for numerous cellular activities. Mitochondria have emerged as an important signaling organelle. Here, we first focus on signaling pathways mediated by mitochondria-nuclear communication that promote protein homeostasis (proteostasis). We examine the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in C. elegans, which is regulated by a transcription factor harboring both a mitochondrial- and nuclear-targeting sequence, the integrated stress response in mammals, as well as the regulation of chromatin by mitochondrial metabolites. In the second section, we explore the role of mitochondria-to-nuclear communication in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. Perhaps related to their prokaryotic origin, mitochondria harbor molecules also found in viruses and bacteria. If these molecules accumulate in the cytosol, they elicit the same innate immune responses as viral or bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Theresa R. Ramalho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cole M. Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Iwata T, Kishikawa T, Seimiya T, Notoya G, Suzuki T, Shibata C, Miyakawa Y, Odawara N, Funato K, Tanaka E, Yamagami M, Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Satellite double-stranded RNA induces mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer by regulating alternative splicing. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105742. [PMID: 38346537 PMCID: PMC10943486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human satellite II (HSATII), composed of tandem repeats in pericentromeric regions, is aberrantly transcribed in epithelial cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. Dysregulation of repetitive elements in cancer tissues can facilitate incidental dsRNA formation; however, it remains controversial whether dsRNAs play tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing roles during cancer progression. Therefore, we focused on the double-stranded formation of HSATII RNA and explored its molecular function. The overexpression of double-stranded HSATII (dsHSATII) RNA promoted mesenchymal-like morphological changes and enhanced the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. We identified an RNA-binding protein, spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein (STRBP), which preferentially binds to dsHSATII RNA rather than single-stranded HSATII RNA. The mesenchymal transition of dsHSATII-expressing cells was rescued by STRBP overexpression. Mechanistically, STRBP is involved in the alternative splicing of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also confirmed that isoform switching of CLSTN1, driven by dsHSATII overexpression or STRBP depletion, induced EMT-like morphological changes. These findings reveal a novel tumor-promoting function of dsHSATII RNA, inducing EMT-like changes and cell invasiveness, thus enhancing our understanding of the biological significance of aberrant expression of satellite arrays in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Seimiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genso Notoya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Miyakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nariaki Odawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Funato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Yamagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sekiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gavazzi F, Gonzalez CD, Arnold K, Swantkowski M, Charlton L, Modesti N, Dar AA, Vanderver A, Bennett M, Adang LA. Nucleotide metabolism, leukodystrophies, and CNS pathology. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38421058 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The balance between a protective and a destructive immune response can be precarious, as exemplified by inborn errors in nucleotide metabolism. This class of inherited disorders, which mimics infection, can result in systemic injury and severe neurologic outcomes. The most common of these disorders is Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS). AGS results in a phenotype similar to "TORCH" infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Other [Zika virus (ZIKV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)], Rubella virus, human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV], and Herpesviruses), but with sustained inflammation and ongoing potential for complications. AGS was first described in the early 1980s as familial clusters of "TORCH" infections, with severe neurology impairment, microcephaly, and basal ganglia calcifications (Aicardi & Goutières, Ann Neurol, 1984;15:49-54) and was associated with chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis and elevated type I interferon levels (Goutières et al., Ann Neurol, 1998;44:900-907). Since its first description, the clinical spectrum of AGS has dramatically expanded from the initial cohorts of children with severe impairment to including individuals with average intelligence and mild spastic paraparesis. This broad spectrum of potential clinical manifestations can result in a delayed diagnosis, which families cite as a major stressor. Additionally, a timely diagnosis is increasingly critical with emerging therapies targeting the interferon signaling pathway. Despite the many gains in understanding about AGS, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the cell-type drivers of pathology and characterization of modifying variables that influence clinical outcomes and achievement of timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gavazzi
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kaley Arnold
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan Swantkowski
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Charlton
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholson Modesti
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Asif A Dar
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariko Bennett
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura A Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rivera M, Zhang H, Pham J, Isquith J, Zhou QJ, Balaian L, Sasik R, Enlund S, Mark A, Ma W, Holm F, Fisch KM, Kuo DJ, Jamieson C, Jiang Q. Malignant A-to-I RNA editing by ADAR1 drives T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse via attenuating dsRNA sensing. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113704. [PMID: 38265938 PMCID: PMC10962356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) are regarded as the origin of leukemia relapse and therapeutic resistance. Identifying direct stemness determinants that fuel LIC self-renewal is critical for developing targeted approaches. Here, we show that the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is a crucial stemness factor that promotes LIC self-renewal by attenuating aberrant double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensing. Elevated adenosine-to-inosine editing is a common attribute of relapsed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) regardless of molecular subtype. Consequently, knockdown of ADAR1 severely inhibits LIC self-renewal capacity and prolongs survival in T-ALL patient-derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, ADAR1 directs hyper-editing of immunogenic dsRNA to avoid detection by the innate immune sensor melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Moreover, we uncover that the cell-intrinsic level of MDA5 dictates the dependency on the ADAR1-MDA5 axis in T-ALL. Collectively, our results show that ADAR1 functions as a self-renewal factor that limits the sensing of endogenous dsRNA. Thus, targeting ADAR1 presents an effective therapeutic strategy for eliminating T-ALL LICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rivera
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Pham
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jane Isquith
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingchen Jenny Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Larisa Balaian
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0681, USA
| | - Sabina Enlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Adam Mark
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0681, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frida Holm
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0681, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis John Kuo
- Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Catriona Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Jimenez-Uribe AP, Mangos S, Hahm E. Type I IFN in Glomerular Disease: Scarring beyond the STING. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2497. [PMID: 38473743 PMCID: PMC10931919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of nephrology has recently directed a considerable amount of attention towards the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) molecule since it appears to be a potent driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD). STING and its activator, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), along with intracellular RIG-like receptors (RLRs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), are potent inducers of type I interferon (IFN-I) expression. These cytokines have been long recognized as part of the mechanism used by the innate immune system to battle viral infections; however, their involvement in sterile inflammation remains unclear. Mounting evidence pointing to the involvement of the IFN-I pathway in sterile kidney inflammation provides potential insights into the complex interplay between the innate immune system and damage to the most sensitive segment of the nephron, the glomerulus. The STING pathway is often cited as one cause of renal disease not attributed to viral infections. Instead, this pathway can recognize and signal in response to host-derived nucleic acids, which are also recognized by RLRs and TLRs. It is still unclear, however, whether the development of renal diseases depends on subsequent IFN-I induction or other processes involved. This review aims to explore the main endogenous inducers of IFN-I in glomerular cells, to discuss what effects autocrine and paracrine signaling have on IFN-I induction, and to identify the pathways that are implicated in the development of glomerular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunsil Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.P.J.-U.); (S.M.)
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48
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Ankley LM, Conner KN, Vielma TE, Godfrey JJ, Thapa M, Olive AJ. GSK3α/β Restrain IFN-γ-Inducible Costimulatory Molecule Expression in Alveolar Macrophages, Limiting CD4+ T Cell Activation. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:147-162. [PMID: 38345473 PMCID: PMC10916365 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in eliminating respiratory pathogens. Both pulmonary resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and recruited macrophages contribute to detecting, responding to, and resolving infections in the lungs. Despite their distinct functions, it remains unclear how these macrophage subsets regulate their responses to infection, including how activation by the cytokine IFN-γ is regulated. This shortcoming prevents the development of therapeutics that effectively target distinct lung macrophage populations without exacerbating inflammation. We aimed to better understand the transcriptional regulation of resting and IFN-γ-activated cells using a new ex vivo model of AMs from mice, fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), and immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our findings reveal that IFN-γ robustly activates both macrophage types; however, the profile of activated IFN-γ-stimulated genes varies greatly between these cell types. Notably, FLAMs show limited expression of costimulatory markers essential for T cell activation upon stimulation with only IFN-γ. To understand cell type-specific differences, we examined how the inhibition of the regulatory kinases GSK3α/β alters the IFN-γ response. GSK3α/β controlled distinct IFN-γ responses, and in AM-like cells, we found that GSK3α/β restrained the induction of type I IFN and TNF, thus preventing the robust expression of costimulatory molecules and limiting CD4+ T cell activation. Together, these data suggest that the capacity of AMs to respond to IFN-γ is restricted in a GSK3α/β-dependent manner and that IFN-γ responses differ across distinct macrophage populations. These findings lay the groundwork to identify new therapeutic targets that activate protective pulmonary responses without driving deleterious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurisa M. Ankley
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kayla N. Conner
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Taryn E. Vielma
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jared J. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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49
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Sadeq S, Chitcharoen S, Al-Hashimi S, Rattanaburi S, Casement J, Werner A. Significant Variations in Double-Stranded RNA Levels in Cultured Skin Cells. Cells 2024; 13:226. [PMID: 38334619 PMCID: PMC10854852 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous double-stranded RNA has emerged as a potent stimulator of innate immunity. Under physiological conditions, endogenous dsRNA is maintained in the cell nucleus or the mitochondria; however, if protective mechanisms are breached, it leaches into the cytoplasm and triggers immune signaling pathways. Ectopic activation of innate immune pathways is associated with various diseases and senescence and can trigger apoptosis. Hereby, the level of cytoplasmic dsRNA is crucial. We have enriched dsRNA from two melanoma cell lines and primary dermal fibroblasts, including a competing probe, and analyzed the dsRNA transcriptome using RNA sequencing. There was a striking difference in read counts between the cell lines and the primary cells, and the effect was confirmed by northern blotting and immunocytochemistry. Both mitochondria (10-20%) and nuclear transcription (80-90%) contributed significantly to the dsRNA transcriptome. The mitochondrial contribution was lower in the cancer cells compared to fibroblasts. The expression of different transposable element families was comparable, suggesting a general up-regulation of transposable element expression rather than stimulation of a specific sub-family. Sequencing of the input control revealed minor differences in dsRNA processing pathways with an upregulation of oligoadenylate synthase and RNP125 that negatively regulates the dsRNA sensors RIG1 and MDA5. Moreover, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry confirmed the relatively minor adaptations to the hugely different dsRNA levels. As a consequence, these transformed cell lines are potentially less tolerant to interventions that increase the formation of endogenous dsRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Sadeq
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.-H.)
- Fallujah College of Medicine, University of Fallujah, Al-Fallujah 31002, Iraq
| | - Suwalak Chitcharoen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Surar Al-Hashimi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.-H.)
- College of Medicine, University of Misan, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Amarah 62001, Iraq
| | - Somruthai Rattanaburi
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - John Casement
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Andreas Werner
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.-H.)
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50
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Bruni F. Human mtDNA-Encoded Long ncRNAs: Knotty Molecules and Complex Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1502. [PMID: 38338781 PMCID: PMC10855489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Until a few decades ago, most of our knowledge of RNA transcription products was focused on protein-coding sequences, which were later determined to make up the smallest portion of the mammalian genome. Since 2002, we have learnt a great deal about the intriguing world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly due to the rapid development of bioinformatic tools and next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Moreover, interest in non-human ncRNAs and their functions has increased as a result of these technologies and the accessibility of complete genome sequences of species ranging from Archaea to primates. Despite not producing proteins, ncRNAs constitute a vast family of RNA molecules that serve a number of regulatory roles and are essential for cellular physiology and pathology. This review focuses on a subgroup of human ncRNAs, namely mtDNA-encoded long non-coding RNAs (mt-lncRNAs), which are transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and whose disparate localisations and functions are linked as much to mitochondrial metabolism as to cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruni
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
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