1
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Li F, Mai C, Liu Y, Deng Y, Wu L, Zheng X, He H, Huang Y, Luo Z, Wang J. Soybean PHR1-regulated low phosphorus-responsive GmRALF22 promotes phosphate uptake by stimulating the expression of GmPTs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112211. [PMID: 39122156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Rapid alkalisation factors (RALFs) play crucial roles in plant responses to nutrient stress. However, the functions of Glycine max RALFs (GmRALFs) under low P (LP) stress remain elusive. In this study, we first identified 27 GmRALFs in soybean and then revealed that, under LP conditions, GmRALF10, GmRALF11, and GmRALF22 were induced in both roots and leaves, whereas GmRALF5, GmRALF6, and GmRALF25 were upregulated in leaves. Furthermore, GmRALF22 was found to be the target gene of the transcription factor GmPHR1, which binds to the P1BS cis-element in the promoter of GmRALF22 via electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase experiments. Colonisation with Bacillus subtilis which delivers GmRALF22, increases the expression of the high-affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter genes GmPT2, GmPT11, GmPT13, and GmPT14, thus increasing the total amount of dry matter and soluble Pi in soybeans. RNA sequencing revealed that GmRALF22 alleviates LP stress by regulating the expression of jasmonic acid- (JA-), salicylic acid- (SA-), and immune-related genes. Finally, we verified that GmRALF22 was dependent on FERONIA (FER) to promote Arabidopsis primary root growth under LP conditions. In summary, the GmPHR1-GmRALF22 module positively regulates soybean tolerance to LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Li
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Cuishan Mai
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaru Deng
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinni Zheng
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huijing He
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenxi Luo
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Control and Environmental Safety in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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2
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Chen G, Wu X, Zhu Z, Li T, Tang G, Liu L, Wu Y, Ma Y, Han Y, Liu K, Han Z, Li X, Yang G, Li B. Bioinformatic and Phenotypic Analysis of AtPCP-Ba Crucial for Silique Development in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2614. [PMID: 39339588 PMCID: PMC11435202 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Silique development exerts significant impacts on crop yield. CRPs (Cysteine-rich peptides) can mediate cell-cell communication during plant reproduction and development. However, the functional characterization and regulatory mechanisms of CRPs in silique development remain unclear. In this study, we identified many CRP genes downstream of the CRP gene TPD1 (TAPETUM DETERMINANT1) during silique development using a microarray assay. The novel Arabidopsis thaliana pollen-borne CRPs, the PCP-Bs (for pollen coat protein B-class) gene AtPCP-Ba, along with TPD1, are essential for silique development. The AtPCP-Ba was significantly down-regulated in tpd1 flower buds but up-regulated in OE-TPD1 flower buds and siliques. The silencing of AtPCP-Ba compromised the wider silique of OE-TPD1 plants and inhibited the morphology of OE-TPD1 siliques to the size observed in the wild type. A total of 258 CRPs were identified with the bioinformatic analysis in Arabidopsis, Brassica napus, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, and Zea mays. Based on the evolutionary tree classification, all CRP members can be categorized into five subgroups. Notably, 107 CRP genes were predicted to exhibit abundant expression in flowers and fruits. Most cysteine-rich peptides exhibited high expression levels in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. These findings suggested the involvement of the CRP AtPCP-Ba in the TPD1 signaling pathway, thereby regulating silique development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ziguo Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tinggang Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guiying Tang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yusen Wu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yujiao Ma
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yan Han
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Kai Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Zhen Han
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiujie Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guowei Yang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250100, China; (G.C.); (Z.Z.); (T.L.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (K.L.) (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Snoeck S, Lee HK, Schmid MW, Bender KW, Neeracher MJ, Fernández-Fernández AD, Santiago J, Zipfel C. Leveraging coevolutionary insights and AI-based structural modeling to unravel receptor-peptide ligand-binding mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400862121. [PMID: 39106311 PMCID: PMC11331138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400862121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted signaling peptides are central regulators of growth, development, and stress responses, but specific steps in the evolution of these peptides and their receptors are not well understood. Also, the molecular mechanisms of peptide-receptor binding are only known for a few examples, primarily owing to the limited availability of protein structural determination capabilities to few laboratories worldwide. Plants have evolved a multitude of secreted signaling peptides and corresponding transmembrane receptors. Stress-responsive SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES (SCOOPs) were recently identified. Bioactive SCOOPs are proteolytically processed by subtilases and are perceived by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. How SCOOPs and MIK2 have (co)evolved, and how SCOOPs bind to MIK2 are unknown. Using in silico analysis of 350 plant genomes and subsequent functional testing, we revealed the conservation of MIK2 as SCOOP receptor within the plant order Brassicales. We then leveraged AI-based structural modeling and comparative genomics to identify two conserved putative SCOOP-MIK2 binding pockets across Brassicales MIK2 homologues predicted to interact with the "SxS" motif of otherwise sequence-divergent SCOOPs. Mutagenesis of both predicted binding pockets compromised SCOOP binding to MIK2, SCOOP-induced complex formation between MIK2 and its coreceptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1, and SCOOP-induced reactive oxygen species production, thus, confirming our in silico predictions. Collectively, in addition to revealing the elusive SCOOP-MIK2 binding mechanism, our analytic pipeline combining phylogenomics, AI-based structural predictions, and experimental biochemical and physiological validation provides a blueprint for the elucidation of peptide ligand-receptor perception mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Kyle W. Bender
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J. Neeracher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro D. Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich8008, Switzerland
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (IPMB), Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich8008, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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4
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Del Corpo D, Coculo D, Greco M, De Lorenzo G, Lionetti V. Pull the fuzes: Processing protein precursors to generate apoplastic danger signals for triggering plant immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100931. [PMID: 38689495 PMCID: PMC11371470 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane encountered by phytopathogenic microbes in the early stages of plant tissue invasion. Plants have developed sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to sense danger events at the cell surface and promptly activate immunity. However, a fine tuning of the activation of immune pathways is necessary to mount a robust and effective defense response. Several endogenous proteins and enzymes are synthesized as inactive precursors, and their post-translational processing has emerged as a critical mechanism for triggering alarms in the apoplast. In this review, we focus on the precursors of phytocytokines, cell wall remodeling enzymes, and proteases. The physiological events that convert inactive precursors into immunomodulatory active peptides or enzymes are described. This review also explores the functional synergies among phytocytokines, cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns, and remodeling, highlighting their roles in boosting extracellular immunity and reinforcing defenses against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Corpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Coculo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Greco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Lu S, Xiao F. Small Peptides: Orchestrators of Plant Growth and Developmental Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7627. [PMID: 39062870 PMCID: PMC11276966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small peptides (SPs), ranging from 5 to 100 amino acids, play integral roles in plants due to their diverse functions. Despite their low abundance and small molecular weight, SPs intricately regulate critical aspects of plant life, including cell division, growth, differentiation, flowering, fruiting, maturation, and stress responses. As vital mediators of intercellular signaling, SPs have garnered significant attention in plant biology research. This comprehensive review delves into SPs' structure, classification, and identification, providing a detailed understanding of their significance. Additionally, we summarize recent findings on the biological functions and signaling pathways of prominent SPs that regulate plant growth and development. This review also offers a perspective on future research directions in peptide signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
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6
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Cheung AY. FERONIA: A Receptor Kinase at the Core of a Global Signaling Network. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:345-375. [PMID: 38424067 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Initially identified as a key regulator of female fertility in Arabidopsis, the FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase is now recognized as crucial for almost all aspects of plant growth and survival. FER partners with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of the LLG family to act as coreceptors on the cell surface. The FER-LLG coreceptor interacts with different RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptide ligands to function in various growth and developmental processes and to respond to challenges from the environment. The RALF-FER-LLG signaling modules interact with molecules in the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and mediate an interwoven signaling network. Multiple FER-LLG modules, each anchored by FER or a FER-related receptor kinase, have been studied, illustrating the functional diversity and the mechanistic complexity of the FER family signaling modules. The challenges going forward are to distill from this complexity the unifying schemes where possible and attain precision and refinement in the knowledge of critical details upon which future investigations can be built. By focusing on the extensively characterized FER, this review provides foundational information to guide the next phase of research on FER in model as well as crop species and potential applications for improving plant growth and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA;
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7
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Chen J, Yu F, Xu F. Not just signals: RALFs as cell wall-structuring peptides. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:727-729. [PMID: 38458930 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) have long been known to act as signaling molecules in plant cells, but whether they affect cell wall (CW) patterning and expansion remains unclear. Very recent advances in tip-growing cells showed that positively charged RALFs affect key attributes of the structural components of the nascent CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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8
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Zhang Z, Deng H, Hu S, Han H. Phase separation: a new window in RALF signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1409770. [PMID: 39006963 PMCID: PMC11240277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhang
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiming Deng
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songping Hu
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huibin Han
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Pečenková T, Potocký M, Stegmann M. More than meets the eye: knowns and unknowns of the trafficking of small secreted proteins in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3713-3730. [PMID: 38693754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Small proteins represent a significant portion of the cargo transported through plant secretory pathways, playing crucial roles in developmental processes, fertilization, and responses to environmental stresses. Despite the importance of small secreted proteins, substantial knowledge gaps persist regarding the regulatory mechanisms governing their trafficking along the secretory pathway, and their ultimate localization or destination. To address these gaps, we conducted a comprehensive literature review, focusing particularly on trafficking and localization of Arabidopsis small secreted proteins with potential biochemical and/or signaling roles in the extracellular space, typically those within the size range of 101-200 amino acids. Our investigation reveals that while at least six members of the 21 mentioned families have a confirmed extracellular localization, eight exhibit intracellular localization, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, and chloroplastic locations, despite the presence of N-terminal signal peptides. Further investigation into the trafficking and secretion mechanisms of small protein cargo could not only deepen our understanding of plant cell biology and physiology but also provide a foundation for genetic manipulation strategies leading to more efficient plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pečenková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stegmann
- Technical University Munich, School of Life Sciences, Phytopathology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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10
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Huang X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Ji L, Luo X, Tian S, Chen T. FERONIA homologs in stress responses of horticultural plants: current knowledge and missing links. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:28. [PMID: 38847988 PMCID: PMC11161445 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its versatile roles in almost all aspects of plants, FERONIA (FER), a receptor-like kinase of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) subfamily, has received extensive research interests during the past decades. Accumulating evidence has been emerged that FER homologs in horticultural crops also play crucial roles in reproductive biology and responses to environmental stimuli (abiotic and biotic stress factors). Here, we provide a review for the latest advances in the studies on FER homologs in modulating stress responses in horticultural crops, and further analyze the underlying mechanisms maintained by FER. Moreover, we also envisage the missing links in current work and provide a perspective for future studies on this star protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Jia
- Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lizhu Ji
- Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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11
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Liu L, Liu X, Bai Z, Tanveer M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Shabala S, Huang L. Small but powerful: RALF peptides in plant adaptive and developmental responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112085. [PMID: 38588983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants live in a highly dynamic environment and require to rapidly respond to a plethora of environmental stimuli, so that to maintain their optimal growth and development. A small plant peptide, rapid alkalization factor (RALF), can rapidly increase the pH value of the extracellular matrix in plant cells. RALFs always function with its corresponding receptors. Mechanistically, effective amount of RALF is induced and released at the critical period of plant growth and development or under different external environmental factors. Recent studies also highlighted the role of RALF peptides as important regulators in plant intercellular communications, as well as their operation in signal perception and as ligands for different receptor kinases on the surface of the plasma membrane, to integrate various environmental cues. In this context, understanding the fine-print of above processes may be essential to solve the problems of crop adaptation to various harsh environments under current climate trends scenarios, by genetic means. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the structure and diversity of RALF peptides and their roles in plant development and response to stresses, highlighting unanswered questions and problems to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhenkun Bai
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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12
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Kwon OK, Moon H, Jeong AR, Yeom G, Park CJ. Rice small secreted peptide, OsRALF26, recognized by FERONIA-like receptor 1 induces immunity in rice and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1528-1549. [PMID: 38507319 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs), belonging to a family of small secreted peptides, have been considered as important signaling molecules in diverse biological processes, including immunity. Current studies on RALF-modulated immunity mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is reported in crop plants. The rice immune receptor XA21 confers immunity to the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Here, we pursued functional characterization of rice RALF26 (OsRALF26) up-regulated by Xoo during XA21-mediated immune response. When applied exogenously as a recombinant peptide, OsRALF26 induced a series of immune responses, including pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and callose deposition in rice and/or Arabidopsis. Transgenic rice and Arabidopsis overexpressing OsRALF26 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), respectively. In yeast two-hybrid, pull-down assays, and co-immunoprecipitation analyses, rice FER-like receptor 1 (OsFLR1) was identified as a receptor of OsRALF26. Transient expression of OsFLR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves displayed significantly increased ROS production and callose deposition after OsRALF26 treatment. Together, we propose that OsRALF26 induced by Xoo in an XA21-dependent manner is perceived by OsFLR1 and may play a novel role in the enforcement of XA21-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - A-Ram Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Gunn Yeom
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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13
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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15
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Zhou LZ, Wang L, Chen X, Ge Z, Mergner J, Li X, Küster B, Längst G, Qu LJ, Dresselhaus T. The RALF signaling pathway regulates cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1673-1696. [PMID: 38142229 PMCID: PMC11062432 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Autocrine signaling pathways regulated by RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs) control cell wall integrity during pollen tube germination and growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To investigate the role of pollen-specific RALFs in another plant species, we combined gene expression data with phylogenetic and biochemical studies to identify candidate orthologs in maize (Zea mays). We show that Clade IB ZmRALF2/3 mutations, but not Clade III ZmRALF1/5 mutations, cause cell wall instability in the sub-apical region of the growing pollen tube. ZmRALF2/3 are mainly located in the cell wall and are partially able to complement the pollen germination defect of their Arabidopsis orthologs AtRALF4/19. Mutations in ZmRALF2/3 compromise pectin distribution patterns leading to altered cell wall organization and thickness culminating in pollen tube burst. Clade IB, but not Clade III ZmRALFs, strongly interact as ligands with the pollen-specific Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor kinases Z. mays FERONIA-like (ZmFERL) 4/7/9, LORELEI-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (LLG) proteins Z. mays LLG 1 and 2 (ZmLLG1/2), and Z. mays pollen extension-like (PEX) cell wall proteins ZmPEX2/4. Notably, ZmFERL4 outcompetes ZmLLG2 and ZmPEX2 outcompetes ZmFERL4 for ZmRALF2 binding. Based on these data, we suggest that Clade IB RALFs act in a dual role as cell wall components and extracellular sensors to regulate cell wall integrity and thickness during pollen tube growth in maize and probably other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Zi Zhou
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xia Chen
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zengxiang Ge
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xingli Li
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Küster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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17
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Wu G, Wang W. Recent advances in understanding the role of two mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plant immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2256-2265. [PMID: 38241698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascade is an important intercellular signaling module that regulates plant growth, development, reproduction, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. A MAPK cascade usually consists of a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK/MEKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK/MKK/MEK), and a MAPK. The well-characterized MAPK cascades in plant immunity to date are the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade and the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade. Recently, major breakthroughs have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of immune signaling by both of these MAPK cascades. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in understanding the role of both MAPK cascades in activating plant defense and in suppressing or fine-tuning immune signaling. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which plants stabilize and maintain the activation of MAPK cascades during immune signaling. Based on this review, we reveal the complexity and importance of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade and the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade, which are tightly controlled by their interacting partners or substrates, in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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18
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Jing XQ, Shi PT, Zhang R, Zhou MR, Shalmani A, Wang GF, Liu WT, Li WQ, Chen KM. Rice kinase OsMRLK63 contributes to drought tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2679-2696. [PMID: 38146904 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major adverse environmental factor that plants face in nature but the molecular mechanism by which plants transduce stress signals and further endow themselves with tolerance remains unclear. Malectin/malectin-like domains containing receptor-like kinases (MRLKs) have been proposed to act as receptors in multiple biological signaling pathways, but limited studies show their roles in drought-stress signaling and tolerance. In this study, we demonstrate OsMRLK63 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) functions in drought tolerance by acting as the receptor of 2 rapid alkalization factors, OsRALF45 and OsRALF46. We show OsMRLK63 is a typical receptor-like kinase that positively regulates drought tolerance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. OsMRLK63 interacts with and phosphorylates several nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases with the primarily phosphorylated site at Ser26 in the N-terminal of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE A (OsRbohA). The application of the 2 small signal peptides (OsRALF45/46) on rice can greatly alleviate the dehydration of plants induced by mimic drought. This function depends on the existence of OsMRLK63 and the NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. The 2 RALFs interact with OsMRLK63 by binding to its extracellular domain, suggesting they may act as drought/dehydration signal sensors for the OsMRLK63-mediated process. Our study reveals a OsRALF45/46-OsMRLK63-OsRbohs module which contributes to drought-stress signaling and tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030619, China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gang-Feng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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19
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Baillie AL, Sloan J, Qu LJ, Smith LM. Signalling between the sexes during pollen tube reception. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:343-354. [PMID: 37640641 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproduction is a complex, highly-coordinated process in which a single, male germ cell grows through the maternal reproductive tissues to reach and fertilise the egg cell. Focussing on Arabidopsis thaliana, we review signalling between male and female partners which is important throughout the pollen tube journey, especially during pollen tube reception at the ovule. Numerous receptor kinases and their coreceptors are implicated in signal perception in both the pollen tube and synergid cells at the ovule entrance, and several specific peptide and carbohydrate ligands for these receptors have recently been identified. Clarifying the interplay between these signals and the downstream responses they instigate presents a challenge for future research and may help to illuminate broader principles of plant cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Baillie
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil Research Cluster, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jen Sloan
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil Research Cluster, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lisa M Smith
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil Research Cluster, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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20
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Schoenaers S, Lee HK, Gonneau M, Faucher E, Levasseur T, Akary E, Claeijs N, Moussu S, Broyart C, Balcerowicz D, AbdElgawad H, Bassi A, Damineli DSC, Costa A, Feijó JA, Moreau C, Bonnin E, Cathala B, Santiago J, Höfte H, Vissenberg K. Rapid alkalinization factor 22 has a structural and signalling role in root hair cell wall assembly. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:494-511. [PMID: 38467800 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Pressurized cells with strong walls make up the hydrostatic skeleton of plants. Assembly and expansion of such stressed walls depend on a family of secreted RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides, which bind both a membrane receptor complex and wall-localized LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN (LRXs) in a mutually exclusive way. Here we show that, in root hairs, the RALF22 peptide has a dual structural and signalling role in cell expansion. Together with LRX1, it directs the compaction of charged pectin polymers at the root hair tip into periodic circumferential rings. Free RALF22 induces the formation of a complex with LORELEI-LIKE-GPI-ANCHORED PROTEIN 1 and FERONIA, triggering adaptive cellular responses. These findings show how a peptide simultaneously functions as a structural component organizing cell wall architecture and as a feedback signalling molecule that regulates this process depending on its interaction partners. This mechanism may also underlie wall assembly and expansion in other plant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Gonneau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Elvina Faucher
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Elodie Akary
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Naomi Claeijs
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Moussu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Broyart
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Santa Cruz Damineli
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - José A Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julia Santiago
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece.
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21
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Ngou BPM, Wyler M, Schmid MW, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Evolutionary trajectory of pattern recognition receptors in plants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:308. [PMID: 38302456 PMCID: PMC10834447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including immunity, development, and reproduction, across diverse organisms. How cell-surface receptors evolve to become specialised in different biological processes remains elusive. To shed light on the immune-specificity of cell-surface receptors, we analyzed more than 200,000 genes encoding cell-surface receptors from 350 genomes and traced the evolutionary origin of immune-specific leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) in plants. Surprisingly, we discovered that the motifs crucial for co-receptor interaction in LRR-RLPs are closely related to those of the LRR-receptor-like kinase (RLK) subgroup Xb, which perceives phytohormones and primarily governs growth and development. Functional characterisation further reveals that LRR-RLPs initiate immune responses through their juxtamembrane and transmembrane regions, while LRR-RLK-Xb members regulate development through their cytosolic kinase domains. Our data suggest that the cell-surface receptors involved in immunity and development share a common origin. After diversification, their ectodomains, juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and cytosolic regions have either diversified or stabilised to recognise diverse ligands and activate differential downstream responses. Our work reveals a mechanism by which plants evolve to perceive diverse signals to activate the appropriate responses in a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
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22
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Liu MCJ, Yeh FLJ, Yvon R, Simpson K, Jordan S, Chambers J, Wu HM, Cheung AY. Extracellular pectin-RALF phase separation mediates FERONIA global signaling function. Cell 2024; 187:312-330.e22. [PMID: 38157854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The FERONIA (FER)-LLG1 co-receptor and its peptide ligand RALF regulate myriad processes for plant growth and survival. Focusing on signal-induced cell surface responses, we discovered that intrinsically disordered RALF triggers clustering and endocytosis of its cognate receptors and FER- and LLG1-dependent endocytosis of non-cognate regulators of diverse processes, thus capable of broadly impacting downstream responses. RALF, however, remains extracellular. We demonstrate that RALF binds the cell wall polysaccharide pectin. They phase separate and recruit FER and LLG1 into pectin-RALF-FER-LLG1 condensates to initiate RALF-triggered cell surface responses. We show further that two frequently encountered environmental challenges, elevated salt and temperature, trigger RALF-pectin phase separation, promiscuous receptor clustering and massive endocytosis, and that this process is crucial for recovery from stress-induced growth attenuation. Our results support that RALF-pectin phase separation mediates an exoskeletal mechanism to broadly activate FER-LLG1-dependent cell surface responses to mediate the global role of FER in plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fang-Ling Jessica Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert Yvon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kelly Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Samuel Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James Chambers
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant St., Lederle Graduate Tower, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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23
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Gonneau M, Schoenaers S, Broyart C, Vissenberg K, Santiago J, Höfte H. Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) to Study Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF)-Receptor Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2731:279-293. [PMID: 38019442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3511-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is a simple but powerful tool to study the in vitro interaction among biomolecules, and to quantify binding affinities. MST curves describe the change in the fluorescence level of a fluorescent target as a result of an IR-laser-induced temperature change. The degree and nature of the change in fluorescence signal depends on the size, charge, and solvation shell of the molecules, properties that change in function of the binding of a ligand to the fluorescent target.We used MST to describe the interaction between components of a regulatory module involved in plant cell wall integrity control. This module comprises the secreted peptide Rapid Alkalinization Factor 23 (RALF23) and its receptor complex consisting of the GPI-anchored receptor Lorelei-Like Glycoprotein 1 (LLG1) and a receptor kinase of the CrRLK1L family, FERONIA. Here we show how MST can also be used to study three-partner interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Gonneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France.
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Biology Department, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Caroline Broyart
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Biology Department, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Crete, Greece
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Herman Höfte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France.
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24
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Pascual-Morales E, Jiménez-Chávez P, Olivares-Grajales JE, Sarmiento-López L, García-Niño WR, López-López A, Goodwin PH, Palacios-Martínez J, Chávez-Martínez AI, Cárdenas L. Role of a LORELEI- like gene from Phaseolus vulgaris during a mutualistic interaction with Rhizobium tropici. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294334. [PMID: 38060483 PMCID: PMC10703324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by NADPH oxidases known as RBOHs in plants, play a key role in plant development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone signaling, and reproduction. Among the subfamily of receptor-like kinases referred to as CrRLK, there is FERONIA (FER), a regulator of RBOHs, and FER requires a GPI-modified membrane protein produced by LORELEI (LRE) or LORELEI-like proteins (LLG) to reach the plasma membrane and generate ROS. In Arabidopsis, AtLLG1 is involved in interactions with microbes as AtLLG1 interacts with the flagellin receptor (FLS2) to trigger the innate immune response, but the role of LLGs in mutualistic interactions has not been examined. In this study, two Phaseolus vulgaris LLG genes were identified, PvLLG2 that was expressed in floral tissue and PvLLG1 that was expressed in vegetative tissue. Transcripts of PvLLG1 increased during rhizobial nodule formation peaking during the early period of well-developed nodules. Also, P. vulgaris roots expressing pPvLLG1:GFP-GUS showed that this promoter was highly active during rhizobium infections, and very similar to the subcellular localization using a construct pLLG1::PvLLG1-Neon. Compared to control plants, PvLLG1 silenced plants had less superoxide (O2-) at the root tip and elongation zone, spotty hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the elongation root zone, and significantly reduced root hair length, nodule number and nitrogen fixation. Unlike control plants, PvLLG1 overexpressing plants showed superoxide beyond the nodule meristem, and significantly increased nodule number and nodule diameter. PvLLG1 appears to play a key role during this mutualistic interaction, possibly due to the regulation of the production and distribution of ROS in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pascual-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Pamela Jiménez-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Juan E. Olivares-Grajales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biociencias y Agrotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Wylly R. García-Niño
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Aline López-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Paul H. Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Palacios-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ana I. Chávez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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25
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Lee HK, Santiago J. Structural insights of cell wall integrity signaling during development and immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102455. [PMID: 37739866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A communication system between plant cells and their surrounding cell wall is required to coordinate development, immunity, and the integration of environmental cues. This communication network is facilitated by a large pool of membrane- and cell-wall-anchored proteins that can potentially interact with the matrix or its fragments, promoting cell wall patterning or eliciting cellular responses that may lead to changes in the architecture and chemistry of the wall. A mechanistic understanding of how these receptors and cell wall proteins recognize and interact with cell wall epitopes would be key to a better understanding of all plant processes that require cell wall remodeling such as expansion, morphogenesis, and defense responses. This review focuses on the latest developments in structurally and biochemically characterized receptors and protein complexes implicated in reading and regulating cell wall integrity and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Lee
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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He YH, Chen SY, Chen XY, Xu YP, Liang Y, Cai XZ. RALF22 promotes plant immunity and amplifies the Pep3 immune signal. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2519-2534. [PMID: 37698076 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) in plants have been reported to dampen pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity via suppressing PAMP-induced complex formation between the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and its co-receptor BAK1. However, the direct and positive role of RALFs in plant immunity remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the direct and positive roles of a typical RALF, RALF22, in plant immunity. RALF22 alone directly elicited a variety of typical immune responses and triggered resistance against the devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a FERONIA (FER)-dependent manner. LORELEI (LRE)-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein 1 (LLG1) and NADPH oxidase RBOHD were required for RALF22-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The mutation of cysteines conserved in the C terminus of RALFs abolished, while the constitutive formation of two disulfide bridges between these cysteines promoted the RALF22-elicited ROS production and resistance against S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the requirement of these cysteines in the functions of RALF22 in plant immunity. Furthermore, RALF22 amplified the Pep3-induced immune signal by dramatically increasing the abundance of PROPEP3 transcript and protein. Supply with RALF22 induced resistance against S. sclerotiorum in Brassica crop plants. Collectively, our results reveal that RALF22 triggers immune responses and augments the Pep3-induced immune signal in a FER-dependent manner, and exhibits the potential to be exploited as an immune elicitor in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Song-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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27
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Ji D, Liu W, Cui X, Liu K, Liu Y, Huang X, Li B, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. A receptor-like kinase SlFERL mediates immune responses of tomato to Botrytis cinerea by recognizing BcPG1 and fine-tuning MAPK signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1189-1201. [PMID: 37596704 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
FERONIA (FER) is a receptor-like kinase showing versatile functions during plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. However, its functions during the interaction between fruit and necrotrophic fungal pathogens are still unclear. Combining reverse genetic approaches, physiological assays, co-immunoprecipitation, protein phosphorylation identification, and site-directed mutagenesis, we reported a tomato FER homolog SlFERL (Solanum lycopersicum FERONIA Like) involved in the immune responses to Botrytis cinerea invasion. The results indicated that SlFERL extracellular domain recognized and interacted with the secreted virulence protein BcPG1 from B. cinerea, further revealed that SlFERL triggered downstream signaling by phosphorylating SlMAP3K18 at Thr45, Ser49, Ser76, and Ser135. Moreover, we verified that SlMAP2K2 and SlMAP2K4 synergistically contributed to immune response of tomato to B. cinerea, in which SlFERL-SlMAP3K18 module substantially modulated protein level and/or kinase activity of SlMAP2K2/SlMAP2K4. These findings reveal a new pattern-triggered immune pathway, indicating that SlFERL participates in the immune responses to B. cinerea invasion via recognizing BcPG1 and fine-tuning MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xinhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
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28
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Shu LJ, Kahlon PS, Ranf S. The power of patterns: new insights into pattern-triggered immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:960-967. [PMID: 37525301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system features numerous immune receptors localized on the cell surface to monitor the apoplastic space for danger signals from a broad range of plant colonizers. Recent discoveries shed light on the enormous complexity of molecular signals sensed by these receptors, how they are generated and removed to maintain cellular homeostasis and immunocompetence, and how they are shaped by host-imposed evolutionary constraints. Fine-tuning receptor sensing mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and physiological level is critical for maintaining a robust but adaptive host barrier to commensal, pathogenic, and symbiotic colonizers alike. These receptors are at the core of any plant-colonizer interaction and hold great potential for engineering disease resistance and harnessing beneficial microbiota to keep crops healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jie Shu
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Parvinderdeep S Kahlon
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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29
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Vӧlz R, Kim KT, Alazem M, Harris W, Hwang S, Lee YH. Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine triggers immunity against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:237-247. [PMID: 38085407 PMCID: PMC10721665 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the plant defense response by bioactive molecules is of increasing interest. However, despite plant cell lipids being one of the major cellular components, their role in plant immunity remains elusive. We found that the exogenous application of the cell-membrane localized phospholipid lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) reprograms the plant transcript profile in favor of defense-associated genes thereby priming the plant immune system. Exogenous LPE application to different Arabidopsis accessions increases resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. We found that the immunity-promoting effect of LPE is repealed in the jasmonic acid (JA) receptor mutant coi1, but multiplied in the JA-hypersensitive mutant feronia (fer-4). The JA-signaling repressor JAZ1 is degraded following LPE administration, suggesting that JA-signaling is promoted by LPE. Following LPE-treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is affected in coi1 and fer-4. Moreover, FER signaling inhibitors of the RALF family are strongly expressed after LPE application, and RALF23 is internalized in stress granules, suggesting the LPE-mediated repression of FER-signaling by promoting RALF function. The in-situ increase of LPE-abundance in the LPE-catabolic mutants lpeat1 and lpeat2 elevates plant resistance to B. cinerea, in contrast to the endogenous LPE-deficient mutant pla2-alpha. We show that LPE increases plant resistance against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis, thereby paving the way for the LPE-targeted genomic engineering of crops to raise their ability to resist biotic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Vӧlz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Mazen Alazem
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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30
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Lan Z, Song Z, Wang Z, Li L, Liu Y, Zhi S, Wang R, Wang J, Li Q, Bleckmann A, Zhang L, Dresselhaus T, Dong J, Gu H, Zhong S, Qu LJ. Antagonistic RALF peptides control an intergeneric hybridization barrier on Brassicaceae stigmas. Cell 2023; 186:4773-4787.e12. [PMID: 37806310 PMCID: PMC10615786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-pistil interactions establish interspecific/intergeneric pre-zygotic hybridization barriers in plants. The rejection of undesired pollen at the stigma is crucial to avoid outcrossing but can be overcome with the support of mentor pollen. The mechanisms underlying this hybridization barrier are largely unknown. Here, in Arabidopsis, we demonstrate that receptor-like kinases FERONIA/CURVY1/ANJEA/HERCULES RECEPTOR KINASE 1 and cell wall proteins LRX3/4/5 interact on papilla cell surfaces with autocrine stigmatic RALF1/22/23/33 peptide ligands (sRALFs) to establish a lock that blocks the penetration of undesired pollen tubes. Compatible pollen-derived RALF10/11/12/13/25/26/30 peptides (pRALFs) act as a key, outcompeting sRALFs and enabling pollen tube penetration. By treating Arabidopsis stigmas with synthetic pRALFs, we unlock the barrier, facilitating pollen tube penetration from distantly related Brassicaceae species and resulting in interspecific/intergeneric hybrid embryo formation. Therefore, we uncover a "lock-and-key" system governing the hybridization breadth of interspecific/intergeneric crosses in Brassicaceae. Manipulating this system holds promise for facilitating broad hybridization in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaihua Zhi
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizong Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrea Bleckmann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Ma W, Du J, Yu X, Chen K, Ming Y, Jiang L, Chen T, Ji D. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Catharanthus roseus Receptor-like Kinase 1-like Proteins in Eggplant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3379. [PMID: 37836119 PMCID: PMC10574150 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As an important member of the plant receptor-like kinases, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) plays vital roles in plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress response. Numerous CrRLK1Ls have been identified and analyzed in various plant species, while our knowledge about eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) CrRLK1Ls is still scarce. Utilizing state-of-the-art genomic data, we conducted the first genome-wide identification and analysis of CrRLK1L proteins in eggplant. In this study, 32 CrRLK1L proteins were identified and analyzed in eggplant. A subsequent gene structure and protein domain analysis showed that the identified eggplant CrRLK1Ls possessed typical features of CrRLK1Ls. A subcellular localization prediction demonstrated that these proteins mostly localized on the plasma membrane. A collinearity analysis showed that some eggplant CrRLK1L genes had predicted intraspecies or interspecies evolutionary duplication events. Promoter analysis suggests that eggplant CrRLK1Ls may be involved in plant hormone signaling, host-pathogen interactions, and environmental responses. Based on transcriptomic gene expression analysis, it is indicated that eggplant CrRLK1Ls may be involved in the resistance response of eggplant to Botrytis cinerea. Together, these results will give us a theoretical foundation and guidance for elaborating the biological functions of CrRLK1Ls in eggplant growth, development, and resistance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yucheng Ming
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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32
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Zeiner A, Colina FJ, Citterico M, Wrzaczek M. CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASES: their evolution, structure, and roles in stress response and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4910-4927. [PMID: 37345909 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are central components for sensing the extracellular microenvironment. CYSTEINE-RICH RLKs (CRKs) are members of one of the biggest RLK subgroups. Their physiological and molecular roles have only begun to be elucidated, but recent studies highlight the diverse types of proteins interacting with CRKs, as well as the localization of CRKs and their lateral organization within the plasma membrane. Originally the DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 26 (DUF26)-containing extracellular region of the CRKs was proposed to act as a redox sensor, but the potential activating post-translational modification or ligands perceived remain elusive. Here, we summarize recent progress in the analysis of CRK evolution, molecular function, and role in plant development, abiotic stress responses, plant immunity, and symbiosis. The currently available information on CRKs and related proteins suggests that the CRKs are central regulators of plant signaling pathways. However, more research using classical methods and interdisciplinary approaches in various plant model species, as well as structural analyses, will not only enhance our understanding of the molecular function of CRKs, but also elucidate the contribution of other cellular components in CRK-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zeiner
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Colina
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Citterico
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Kim EJ, Kim JH, Hong WJ, Kim EY, Kim MH, Lee SK, Min CW, Kim ST, Park SK, Jung KH, Kim YJ. Rice pollen-specific OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 are essential for pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2218-2236. [PMID: 37195059 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is essential for successful double fertilization, which is critical for grain yield in crop plants. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) function as ligands for signal transduction during fertilization. However, functional studies on RALF in monocot plants are lacking. Herein, we functionally characterized two pollen-specific RALFs in rice (Oryza sativa) using multiple clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-induced loss-of-function mutants, peptide treatment, expression analyses, and tag reporter lines. Among the 41 RALF members in rice, OsRALF17 was specifically expressed at the highest level in pollen and pollen tubes. Exogenously applied OsRALF17 or OsRALF19 peptide inhibited pollen tube germination and elongation at high concentrations but enhanced tube elongation at low concentrations, indicating growth regulation. Double mutants of OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 (ralf17/19) exhibited almost full male sterility with defects in pollen hydration, germination, and tube elongation, which was partially recovered by exogenous treatment with OsRALF17 peptide. This study revealed that two partially functionally redundant OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 bind to Oryza sativa male-gene transfer defective 2 (OsMTD2) and transmit reactive oxygen species signals for pollen tube germination and integrity maintenance in rice. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed their common downstream genes, in osmtd2 and ralf17/19. This study provides new insights into the role of RALF, expanding our knowledge of the biological role of RALF in regulating rice fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Tian Q, Zeng D, Xu M, Wang Y, Dong S, Ma Z, Wang Y, Zheng X, Ye W. Fusarium-produced vitamin B 6 promotes the evasion of soybean resistance by Phytophthora sojae. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2204-2217. [PMID: 37171031 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However, pathogen-pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium spp. also cause soybean root rot. In a 3-year field investigation, we discovered that P. sojae and Fusarium spp. frequently coexisted in diseased soybean roots. Out of 336 P. sojae-soybean-Fusarium combinations, more than 80% aggravated disease. Different Fusarium species all enhanced P. sojae infection when co-inoculated on soybean. Treatment with Fusarium secreted non-proteinaceous metabolites had an effect equal to the direct pathogen co-inoculation. By screening a Fusarium graminearum mutant library, we identified Fusarium promoting factor of Phytophthora sojae infection 1 (Fpp1), encoding a zinc alcohol dehydrogenase. Fpp1 is functionally conserved in Fusarium and contributes to metabolite-mediated infection promotion, in which vitamin B6 (VB6) produced by Fusarium is key. Transcriptional and functional analyses revealed that Fpp1 regulates two VB6 metabolism genes, and VB6 suppresses expression of soybean disease resistance-related genes. These results reveal that co-infection with Fusarium promotes loss of P. sojae resistance in soybean, information that will inform the sustainable use of disease-resistant crop varieties and provide new strategies to control soybean root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dandan Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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George J, Stegmann M, Monaghan J, Bailey-Serres J, Zipfel C. Arabidopsis translation initiation factor binding protein CBE1 negatively regulates accumulation of the NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105018. [PMID: 37423301 PMCID: PMC10432800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface pattern recognition receptors sense invading pathogens by binding microbial or endogenous elicitors to activate plant immunity. These responses are under tight control to avoid excessive or untimely activation of cellular responses, which may otherwise be detrimental to host cells. How this fine-tuning is accomplished is an area of active study. We previously described a suppressor screen that identified Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with regained immune signaling in the immunodeficient genetic background bak1-5, which we named modifier of bak1-5 (mob) mutants. Here, we report that bak1-5 mob7 mutant restores elicitor-induced signaling. Using a combination of map-based cloning and whole-genome resequencing, we identified MOB7 as conserved binding of eIF4E1 (CBE1), a plant-specific protein that interacts with the highly conserved eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E1. Our data demonstrate that CBE1 regulates the accumulation of respiratory burst oxidase homolog D, the NADPH oxidase responsible for elicitor-induced apoplastic reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, several mRNA decapping and translation initiation factors colocalize with CBE1 and similarly regulate immune signaling. This study thus identifies a novel regulator of immune signaling and provides new insights into reactive oxygen species regulation, potentially through translational control, during plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoffrey George
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stegmann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Monaghan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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36
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Miao Y, Guo X, Zhu K, Zhao W. Biomolecular condensates tunes immune signaling at the Host-Pathogen interface. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102374. [PMID: 37148673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Membraneless organelles participate in diverse spatiotemporal regulation of cellular signal transduction by recruiting necessary signaling factors. During host-pathogen interactions, the plasma membrane (PM) at the interface between the plant and microbes serves as a central platform for forming multicomponent immune signaling hubs. The macromolecular condensation of the immune complex and regulators is important in regulating immune signaling outputs regarding strength, timing, and crosstalk between signaling pathways. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate specific and crosstalk of plant immune signal transduction pathways through macromolecular assembly and condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore.
| | - Xiangfu Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore; Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
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37
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Bender KW, Zipfel C. Paradigms of receptor kinase signaling in plants. Biochem J 2023; 480:835-854. [PMID: 37326386 PMCID: PMC10317173 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor kinases (RKs) function as key plasma-membrane localized receptors in the perception of molecular ligands regulating development and environmental response. Through the perception of diverse ligands, RKs regulate various aspects throughout the plant life cycle from fertilization to seed set. Thirty years of research on plant RKs has generated a wealth of knowledge on how RKs perceive ligands and activate downstream signaling. In the present review, we synthesize this body of knowledge into five central paradigms of plant RK signaling: (1) RKs are encoded by expanded gene families, largely conserved throughout land plant evolution; (2) RKs perceive many different kinds of ligands through a range of ectodomain architectures; (3) RK complexes are typically activated by co-receptor recruitment; (4) post-translational modifications fulfill central roles in both the activation and attenuation of RK-mediated signaling; and, (5) RKs activate a common set of downstream signaling processes through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). For each of these paradigms, we discuss key illustrative examples and also highlight known exceptions. We conclude by presenting five critical gaps in our understanding of RK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Bender
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
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38
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Malivert A, Hamant O. Why is FERONIA pleiotropic? NATURE PLANTS 2023:10.1038/s41477-023-01434-9. [PMID: 37336971 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall has many roles: structure, hydraulics, signalling and immunity. Monitoring its status is therefore essential for plant life. Among many candidate cell wall sensors, FERONIA, a member of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase-1-like kinase (CrRLK1L) family, has received considerable attention, notably because of its numerous interactors and its implication in many biological pathways. Conversely, such an analytical dissection may blur its core function. Here we revisit the array of feronia phenotypes as an attempt to identify a unifying feature behind the plethora of biological and biochemical functions. We propose that the contribution of FERONIA in monitoring turgor-dependent cell wall tension may explain its pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Malivert
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon, France.
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Rao W, Wan L, Wang E. Plant immunity in soybean: progress, strategies, and perspectives. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:52. [PMID: 37323469 PMCID: PMC10267034 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important commercial crops worldwide. Soybean hosts diverse microbes, including pathogens that may cause diseases and symbionts that contribute to nitrogen fixation. Study on soybean-microbe interactions to understand pathogenesis, immunity, and symbiosis represents an important research direction toward plant protection in soybean. In terms of immune mechanisms, current research in soybean lags far behind that in the model plants Arabidopsis and rice. In this review, we summarized the shared and unique mechanisms involved in the two-tiered plant immunity and the virulence function of pathogen effectors between soybean and Arabidopsis, providing a molecular roadmap for future research on soybean immunity. We also discussed disease resistance engineering and future perspectives in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Rao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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40
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Zhang R, Shi PT, Zhou M, Liu HZ, Xu XJ, Liu WT, Chen KM. Rapid alkalinization factor: function, regulation, and potential applications in agriculture. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:16. [PMID: 37676530 PMCID: PMC10442051 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and controls many aspects of plant life. Current studies on the regulatory mechanism underlying RALF function mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is known about the role of RALF in crop plants. Here, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the relation between RALF family genes from five important crops and those in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneously, we summarized the functions of RALFs in controlling growth and developmental behavior using conservative motifs as cues and predicted the regulatory role of RALFs in cereal crops. In conclusion, RALF has considerable application potential in improving crop yields and increasing economic benefits. Using gene editing technology or taking advantage of RALF as a hormone additive are effective way to amplify the role of RALF in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huai-Zeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Jia Y, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of RALF Gene Family in Legume and Non-Legume Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108842. [PMID: 37240187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) are small secreted peptide hormones that can induce rapid alkalinization in a medium. They act as signaling molecules in plants, playing a critical role in plant development and growth, especially in plant immunity. Although the function of RALF peptides has been comprehensively analyzed, the evolutionary mechanism of RALFs in symbiosis has not been studied. In this study, 41, 24, 17 and 12 RALFs were identified in Arabidopsis, soybean, Lotus and Medicago, respectively. A comparative analysis including the molecular characteristics and conserved motifs suggested that the RALF pre-peptides in soybean represented a higher value of isoelectric point and more conservative motifs/residues composition than other species. All 94 RALFs were divided into two clades according to the phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome distribution and synteny analysis suggested that the expansion of the RALF gene family in Arabidopsis mainly depended on tandem duplication, while segment duplication played a dominant role in legume species. The expression levels of most RALFs in soybean were significantly affected by the treatment of rhizobia. Seven GmRALFs are potentially involved in the release of rhizobia in the cortex cells. Overall, our research provides novel insights into the understanding of the role of the RALF gene family in nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
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42
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Liang S, Hu ML, Lin HC, He HJ, Ning XP, Peng PP, Lu GH, Sun SL, Wang XJ, Wang YQ, Wu H. Transcriptional regulations of pollen tube reception are associated with the fertility of the ginger species Zingiber zerumbet and Zingiber corallinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099250. [PMID: 37235019 PMCID: PMC10208065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber zerumbet and Zingiber corallinum are economically valuable species in the genus Zingiber. While Z. corallinum is sexually active, Z. zerumbet adopts clonal propagation, although it has the potential for sexual reproduction. It is unclear so far at which step during the sexual reproduction of Z. zerumbet inhibition occurs, and what are the regulatory mechanisms underlying this inhibition. Here, by comparing with the fertile species Z. corallinum using microscopy-based methods, we show that rare differences were observed in Z. zerumbet up to the point when the pollen tubes invaded the ovules. However, a significantly higher percentage of ovules still contained intact pollen tubes 24 h after pollination, suggesting pollen tube rupture was impaired in this species. Further RNA-seq analysis generated accordant results, showing that the transcription of ANX and FER, as well as genes for the partners in the same complexes (e.g., BUPS and LRE, respectively), and those putative peptide signals (e.g., RALF34), were timely activated in Z. corallinum, which ensured the pollen tubes being able to grow, reorient to ovules, and receipt by embryo sacs. In Z. zerumbet, genes for these complexes were cooperatively suppressed, which would result in the maintenance of PT integrity due to the disruption of RALF34-ANX/BUPS signaling in PT and the failure of PT reception by an active synergid due to the insufficiency of the synergid-harbored FER/LRE complex. Taking the results from the cytological and RNA-seq studies together, a model is proposed to illustrate the possible regulation mechanisms in Z. zerumbet and Z. corallinum, in which the regulations for pollen tube rupture and reception are proposed as the barrier for sexual reproduction in Z. zerumbet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-li Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hao-chuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-ping Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-pei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-lan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Smokvarska M, Bayle V, Maneta-Peyret L, Fouillen L, Poitout A, Dongois A, Fiche JB, Gronnier J, Garcia J, Höfte H, Nolmann M, Zipfel C, Maurel C, Moreau P, Jaillais Y, Martiniere A. The receptor kinase FERONIA regulates phosphatidylserine localization at the cell surface to modulate ROP signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4791. [PMID: 37027473 PMCID: PMC10081841 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells maintain a constant dialog between the extracellular matrix and their plasma membrane to fine tune signal transduction processes. We found that the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER), which is a proposed cell wall sensor, modulates phosphatidylserine plasma membrane accumulation and nano-organization, a key regulator of Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that FER is required for both Rho-of-Plant 6 (ROP6) nano-partitioning at the membrane and downstream production of reactive oxygen species upon hyperosmotic stimulus. Genetic and pharmacological rescue experiments indicate that phosphatidylserine is required for a subset of, but not all, FER functions. Furthermore, application of FER ligand shows that its signaling controls both phosphatidylserine membrane localization and nanodomains formation, which, in turn, tunes ROP6 signaling. Together, we propose that a cell wall-sensing pathway controls via the regulation of membrane phospholipid content, the nano-organization of the plasma membrane, which is an essential cell acclimation to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smokvarska
- IPSiM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- MetaboHub-Bordeaux, Metabolome platform, INRAE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Arthur Poitout
- IPSiM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Armelle Dongois
- IPSiM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - José Garcia
- IPSiM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Herman Höfte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Marcelo Nolmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK
| | - Christophe Maurel
- IPSiM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
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Sun E, Yu H, Chen Z, Cai M, Mao X, Li Y, Zuo C. The enhanced Valsa canker resistance conferred by MdLecRK-S.4.3 in Pyrus betulifolia can be largely suppressed by PbePUB36. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad126. [PMID: 37013998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
L-type lectin receptor-like kinases (L-LecRKs) act as a sensor of extracellular signals and an initiator for plant immune responses. However, the function of LecRK-S.4 on plant immunity has not been extensively investigated. At present, in the apple (Malus domestica) genome, we identified that MdLecRK-S.4.3, a homologous gene of LecRK-S.4, was differentially expressed during the occursion of Valsa canker. Over-expression of MdLecRK-S.4.3 facilitated the induction of immune response and enhanced the Valsa canker resistance of apple and pear fruit, and 'Duli-G03' (Pyrus betulifolia) suspension cells. On the contrary, the expression of PbePUB36, RLCK XI subfamily member, was significantly repressed in the MdLecRK-S.4.3 overexpressed cell lines. Over-expression of PbePUB36 interfered with the Valsa canker resistance and immune response caused by up-regulation of MdLecRK-S.4.3. Furthermore, MdLecRK-S.4.3 interacted with BAK1 or PbePUB36 in vivo. In conclusion, MdLecRK-S.4.3 activated various immune responses and positively regulate Valsa canker resistance, which could be largely compromised by PbePUB36. MdLecRK-S.4.3 interacted with PbePUB36 and/or MdBAK1 to mediate the immune responses. This finding provides a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of resistance to Valsa canker and resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minrui Cai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xia Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Cunwu Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
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45
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Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Stael S, Van Breusegem F. Mechanisms controlling plant proteases and their substrates. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1047-1058. [PMID: 36755073 PMCID: PMC10070405 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, proteolysis is emerging as an important field of study due to a growing understanding of the critical involvement of proteases in plant cell death, disease and development. Because proteases irreversibly modify the structure and function of their target substrates, proteolytic activities are stringently regulated at multiple levels. Most proteases are produced as dormant isoforms and only activated in specific conditions such as altered ion fluxes or by post-translational modifications. Some of the regulatory mechanisms initiating and modulating proteolytic activities are restricted in time and space, thereby ensuring precision activity, and minimizing unwanted side effects. Currently, the activation mechanisms and the substrates of only a few plant proteases have been studied in detail. Most studies focus on the role of proteases in pathogen perception and subsequent modulation of the plant reactions, including the hypersensitive response (HR). Proteases are also required for the maturation of coexpressed peptide hormones that lead essential processes within the immune response and development. Here, we review the known mechanisms for the activation of plant proteases, including post-translational modifications, together with the effects of proteinaceous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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46
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Liu X, Jiang W, Li Y, Nie H, Cui L, Li R, Tan L, Peng L, Li C, Luo J, Li M, Wang H, Yang J, Zhou B, Wang P, Liu H, Zhu JK, Zhao C. FERONIA coordinates plant growth and salt tolerance via the phosphorylation of phyB. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:645-660. [PMID: 37012430 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation modification is required for the modulation of phytochrome B (phyB) thermal reversion, but the kinase(s) that phosphorylate(s) phyB and the biological significance of the phosphorylation are still unknown. Here we report that FERONIA (FER) phosphorylates phyB to regulate plant growth and salt tolerance, and the phosphorylation not only regulates dark-triggered photobody dissociation but also modulates phyB protein abundance in the nucleus. Further analysis indicates that phosphorylation of phyB by FER is sufficient to accelerate the conversion of phyB from the active form (Pfr) to the inactive form (Pr). Under salt stress, FER kinase activity is inhibited, leading to delayed photobody dissociation and increased phyB protein abundance in the nucleus. Our data also show that phyB mutation or overexpression of PIF5 attenuates growth inhibition and promotes plant survival under salt stress. Together, our study not only reveals a kinase that controls phyB turnover via a signature of phosphorylation, but also provides mechanistic insights into the role of the FER-phyB module in coordinating plant growth and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhen Nie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Cui
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Company Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China.
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Kong Y, Chen J, Jiang L, Chen H, Shen Y, Wang L, Yan Y, Zhou H, Zheng H, Yu F, Ming Z. Structural and biochemical basis of Arabidopsis FERONIA receptor kinase-mediated early signaling initiation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100559. [PMID: 36774537 PMCID: PMC10363478 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that early and essential events for receptor-like kinase (RLK) function involve both autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation. However, the structural and biochemical basis for these events is largely unclear. Here, we used RLK FERONIA (FER) as a model and crystallized its core kinase domain (FER-KD) and two FER-KD mutants (K565R, S525A) in complexes with ATP/ADP and Mg2+ in the unphosphorylated state. Unphosphorylated FER-KD was found to adopt an unexpected active conformation in its crystal structure. Moreover, unphosphorylated FER-KD mutants with reduced (S525A) or no catalytic activity (K565R) also adopt similar active conformations. Biochemical studies revealed that FER-KD is a dual-specificity kinase, and its autophosphorylation is accomplished via an intermolecular mechanism. Further investigations confirmed that initiating substrate phosphorylation requires autophosphorylation of the activation segment on T696, S701, and Y704. This study reveals the structural and biochemical basis for the activation and regulatory mechanism of FER, providing a paradigm for the early steps in RLK signaling initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Heping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
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48
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Ma W, Liu X, Chen K, Yu X, Ji D. Genome-Wide Re-Identification and Analysis of CrRLK1Ls in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043142. [PMID: 36834555 PMCID: PMC9959574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L), which is a vital member of the plant receptor-like kinase family, plays versatile roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Although the primary screening of tomato CrRLK1Ls has been reported previously, our knowledge of these proteins is still scarce. Using the latest genomic data annotations, a genome-wide re-identification and analysis of the CrRLK1Ls in tomatoes were conducted. In this study, 24 CrRLK1L members were identified in tomatoes and researched further. Subsequent gene structures, protein domains, Western blot analyses, and subcellular localization analyses all confirmed the accuracy of the newly identified SlCrRLK1L members. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the identified SlCrRLK1L proteins had homologs in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analysis indicated that two pairs of the SlCrRLK1L genes had predicted segmental duplication events. Expression profiling analyses demonstrated that the SlCrRLK1L genes were expressed in various tissues, and most of them were up- or down-regulated by bacteria and PAMP treatments. Together, these results will lay the foundation for elaborating the biological roles of SlCrRLK1Ls in tomato growth, development, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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49
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Martín-Dacal M, Fernández-Calvo P, Jiménez-Sandoval P, López G, Garrido-Arandía M, Rebaque D, Del Hierro I, Berlanga DJ, Torres MÁ, Kumar V, Mélida H, Pacios LF, Santiago J, Molina A. Arabidopsis immune responses triggered by cellulose- and mixed-linked glucan-derived oligosaccharides require a group of leucine-rich repeat malectin receptor kinases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:833-850. [PMID: 36582174 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system perceives a diversity of carbohydrate ligands from plant and microbial cell walls through the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Among these ligands are oligosaccharides derived from mixed-linked β-1,3/β-1,4-glucans (MLGs; e.g. β-1,4-D-(Glc)2 -β-1,3-D-Glc, MLG43) and cellulose (e.g. β-1,4-D-(Glc)3 , CEL3). The mechanisms behind carbohydrate perception in plants are poorly characterized except for fungal chitin oligosaccharides (e.g. β-1,4-d-(GlcNAc)6 , CHI6), which involve several receptor kinase proteins (RKs) with LysM-ECDs. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in glycan perception (igp) that are defective in PTI activation mediated by MLG43 and CEL3, but not by CHI6. igp1-igp4 are altered in three RKs - AT1G56145 (IGP1), AT1G56130 (IGP2/IGP3) and AT1G56140 (IGP4) - with leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) and malectin (MAL) domains in their ECDs. igp1 harbors point mutation E906K and igp2 and igp3 harbor point mutation G773E in their kinase domains, whereas igp4 is a T-DNA insertional loss-of-function mutant. Notably, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays with purified ECD-RKs of IGP1 and IGP3 showed that IGP1 binds with high affinity to CEL3 (with dissociation constant KD = 1.19 ± 0.03 μm) and cellopentaose (KD = 1.40 ± 0.01 μM), but not to MLG43, supporting its function as a plant PRR for cellulose-derived oligosaccharides. Our data suggest that these LRR-MAL RKs are components of a recognition mechanism for both cellulose- and MLG-derived oligosaccharide perception and downstream PTI activation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Sandoval
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biophore Building, Départament de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale (DBMV), UNIL Sorge, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - María Garrido-Arandía
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rebaque
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Del Hierro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Varun Kumar
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Luis F Pacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Santiago
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biophore Building, Départament de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale (DBMV), UNIL Sorge, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Mamaeva A, Lyapina I, Knyazev A, Golub N, Mollaev T, Chudinova E, Elansky S, Babenko VV, Veselovsky VA, Klimina KM, Gribova T, Kharlampieva D, Lazarev V, Fesenko I. RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1077301. [PMID: 36818838 PMCID: PMC9933782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1077301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALFs) are cysteine-rich peptides that regulate multiple physiological processes in plants. This peptide family has considerably expanded during land plant evolution, but the role of ancient RALFs in modulating stress responses is unknown.Results: Here, we used the moss Physcomitrium patens as a model to gain insight into the role of RALF peptides in the coordination of plant growth and stress response in non-vascular plants. The quantitative proteomic analysis revealed concerted downregulation of M6 metalloprotease and some membrane proteins, including those involved in stress response, in PpRALF1, 2 and 3 knockout (KO) lines. The subsequent analysis revealed the role of PpRALF3 in growth regulation under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, implying the importance of RALFs in responding to various adverse conditions in bryophytes. We found that knockout of the PpRALF2 and PpRALF3 genes resulted in increased resistance to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Fusarium solani, suggesting the role of these peptides in negative regulation of the immune response in P. patens. Comparing the transcriptomes of PpRALF3 KO and wild-type plants infected by F. solani showed that the regulation of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and those involved in cell wall modification and biogenesis was different in these two genotypes. CONCLUSION Thus, our study sheds light on the function of the previously uncharacterized PpRALF3 peptide and gives a clue to the ancestral functions of RALF peptides in plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mamaeva
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Lyapina
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Knyazev
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Golub
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Mollaev
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Chudinova
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Elansky
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Babenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Veselovsky
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia M. Klimina
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gribova
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kharlampieva
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of System Analysis of Proteins and Peptides, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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