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van den Ouweland F, Charpentier N, Türeci Ö, Rizzi R, Mensa FJ, Lindemann C, Pather S. Safety and reactogenicity of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine: Development, post-marketing surveillance, and real-world data. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2315659. [PMID: 38407186 PMCID: PMC10900268 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2315659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to urgent actions by innovators, vaccine developers, regulators, and other stakeholders to ensure public access to protective vaccines while maintaining regulatory agency standards. Although development timelines for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were much quicker than standard vaccine development timelines, regulatory requirements for efficacy and safety evaluations, including the volume and quality of data collected, were upheld. Rolling review processes supported by sponsors and regulatory authorities enabled rapid assessment of clinical data as well as emergency use authorization. Post-authorization and pharmacovigilance activities enabled the quantity and breadth of post-marketing safety information to quickly exceed that generated from clinical trials. This paper reviews safety and reactogenicity data for the BNT162 vaccine candidates, including BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine) and bivalent variant-adapted BNT162b2 vaccines, from preclinical studies, clinical trials, post-marketing surveillance, and real-world studies, including an unprecedentedly large body of independent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruben Rizzi
- Global Regulatory Affairs, BioNTech, Germany, Germany
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2
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Korzun T, Moses AS, Jozic A, Grigoriev V, Newton S, Kim J, Diba P, Sattler A, Levasseur PR, Le N, Singh P, Sharma KS, Goo YT, Mamnoon B, Raitmayr C, Mesquita Souza AP, Taratula OR, Sahay G, Taratula O, Marks DL. Lipid Nanoparticles Elicit Reactogenicity and Sickness Behavior in Mice Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Myeloid Differentiation Protein 88 Axis. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39186628 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer promising avenues for treating various diseases. While mRNA vaccines anticipate immunogenicity, the associated reactogenicity of mRNA-loaded LNPs poses significant challenges, especially in protein replacement therapies requiring multiple administrations, leading to adverse effects and suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Historically, research has primarily focused on the reactogenicity of mRNA cargo, leaving the role of LNPs understudied in this context. Adjuvanticity and pro-inflammatory characteristics of LNPs, originating at least in part from ionizable lipids, may induce inflammation, activate toll-like receptors (TLRs), and impact mRNA translation. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding LNP-induced TLR activation and its impact on induction of animal sickness behavior. We hypothesized that ionizable lipids in LNPs, structurally resembling lipid A from lipopolysaccharide, could activate TLR4 signaling via MyD88 and TRIF adaptors, thereby propagating LNP-associated reactogenicity. Our comprehensive investigation utilizing gene ablation studies and pharmacological receptor manipulation proves that TLR4 activation by LNPs triggers distinct physiologically meaningful responses in mice. We show that TLR4 and MyD88 are essential for reactogenic signal initiation, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and physiological outcomes like food intake and body weight─robust metrics of sickness behavior in mice. The application of the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 effectively reduces the reactogenicity associated with LNPs by mitigating TLR4-driven inflammatory responses. Our findings elucidate the critical role of the TLR4-MyD88 axis in LNP-induced reactogenicity, providing a mechanistic framework for developing safer mRNA therapeutics and offering a strategy to mitigate adverse effects through targeted inhibition of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Abraham S Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Antony Jozic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Vladislav Grigoriev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Samuel Newton
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ariana Sattler
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Peter R Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ngoc Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Prem Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Kongbrailatpam Shitaljit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Babak Mamnoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Constanze Raitmayr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Ana Paula Mesquita Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Olena R Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Endevica Bio, 1935 Techny Rd, Northbrook, Illinois 60062, United States
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3
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Grzetic DJ, Hamilton NB, Shelley JC. Coarse-Grained Simulation of mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticle Self-Assembly. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 39145436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Ionizable lipid-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have enabled the delivery of RNA for a range of therapeutic applications. In order to optimize safe, targeted, and effective LNP-based RNA delivery platforms, an understanding of the role of composition and pH in their structural properties and self-assembly is crucial, yet there have been few computational studies of such phenomena. Here we present a coarse-grained model of ionizable lipid and mRNA-containing LNPs. Our model allows access to the large length- and time-scales necessary for LNP self-assembly and is mapped and parametrized with reference to all-atom structures and simulations of the corresponding components at compositions typical of LNPs used for mRNA delivery. Our simulations reveal insights into the dynamics of self-assembly of such mRNA-encapsulating LNPs, as well as the subsequent pH change-driven LNP morphology and release of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Grzetic
- Schrödinger, Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Nicholas B Hamilton
- Schrödinger, Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - John C Shelley
- Schrödinger, Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yang YG, Sun T. Advancing mRNA Therapeutics: The Role and Future of Nanoparticle Delivery Systems. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3743-3763. [PMID: 38953708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the critical role of mRNA-based vaccines as powerful, adaptable, readily manufacturable, and safe methodologies for prophylaxis. mRNA-based treatments are emerging as a hopeful avenue for a plethora of conditions, encompassing infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, genetic diseases, and rare disorders. Nonetheless, the in vivo delivery of mRNA faces challenges due to its instability, suboptimal delivery, and potential for triggering undesired immune reactions. In this context, the development of effective drug delivery systems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), is paramount. Tailored with biophysical and chemical properties and susceptible to surface customization, these NPs have demonstrated enhanced mRNA delivery in vivo and led to the approval of several NPs-based formulations for clinical use. Despite these advancements, the necessity for developing a refined, targeted NP delivery system remains imperative. This review comprehensively surveys the biological, translational, and clinical progress in NPs-mediated mRNA therapeutics for both the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases. By addressing critical factors for enhancing existing methodologies, it aims to inform the future development of precise and efficacious mRNA-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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5
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Darling TL, Harastani HH, Joshi A, Bricker TL, Soudani N, Seehra K, Hassan AO, Diamond MS, Boon ACM. Mucosal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S prevents sequential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to unvaccinated hamsters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp1290. [PMID: 39083604 PMCID: PMC11290484 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have successfully reduced severe disease and death after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Nonetheless, COVID-19 vaccines are variably effective in preventing transmission and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we evaluated the impact of mucosal or intramuscular vaccine immunization on airborne infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters. Immunization of the primary contact hamsters with a mucosal chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine (ChAd-CoV-2-S), but not intramuscular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, reduced infectious virus titers ~100-fold and 100,000-fold in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the primary contact hamster following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This reduction in virus titer in the mucosal immunized contact animals was sufficient to eliminate subsequent transmission to vaccinated and unvaccinated hamsters. In contrast, sequential transmission occurred after systemic immunization with the mRNA vaccine. Thus, immunization with a mucosal COVID-19 vaccine protects against cycles of respiratory transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and can potentially limit the community spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarand L. Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Houda H. Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kuljeet Seehra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Wagner JT, Müller-Schmucker SM, Wang W, Arnold P, Uhlig N, Issmail L, Eberlein V, Damm D, Roshanbinfar K, Ensser A, Oltmanns F, Peter AS, Temchura V, Schrödel S, Engel FB, Thirion C, Grunwald T, Wuhrer M, Grimm D, Überla K. Influence of AAV vector tropism on long-term expression and Fc-γ receptor binding of an antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2. Commun Biol 2024; 7:865. [PMID: 39009807 PMCID: PMC11250830 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-acting passive immunization strategies are needed to protect immunosuppressed vulnerable groups from infectious diseases. To further explore this concept for COVID-19, we constructed Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding the human variable regions of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, TRES6, fused to murine constant regions. An optimized vector construct was packaged in hepatotropic (AAV8) or myotropic (AAVMYO) AAV capsids and injected intravenously into syngeneic TRIANNI-mice. The highest TRES6 serum concentrations (511 µg/ml) were detected 24 weeks after injection of the myotropic vector particles and mean TRES6 serum concentrations remained above 100 µg/ml for at least one year. Anti-drug antibodies or TRES6-specific T cells were not detectable. After injection of the AAV8 particles, vector mRNA was detected in the liver, while the AAVMYO particles led to high vector mRNA levels in the heart and skeletal muscle. The analysis of the Fc-glycosylation pattern of the TRES6 serum antibodies revealed critical differences between the capsids that coincided with different binding activities to murine Fc-γ-receptors. Concomitantly, the vector-based immune prophylaxis led to protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mice. High and long-lasting expression levels, absence of anti-drug antibodies and favourable Fc-γ-receptor binding activities warrant further exploration of myotropic AAV vector-based delivery of antibodies and other biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik T Wagner
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra M Müller-Schmucker
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadja Uhlig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Preclinical Validation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leila Issmail
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Preclinical Validation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Eberlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Preclinical Validation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friederike Oltmanns
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Sophia Peter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Preclinical Validation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty and Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Heidelberg; BioQuant Center, BQ0030, University of Heidelberg; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Cabău G, Badii M, Mirea AM, Gaal OI, van Emst L, Popp RA, Crișan TO, Joosten LAB. Long-Lasting Enhanced Cytokine Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:736. [PMID: 39066374 PMCID: PMC11281652 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 protects against severe disease by the induction of robust humoral and cellular responses. Recent studies have shown the capacity of some vaccines to induce enduring non-specific innate immune responses by the induction of trained immunity, augmenting protection against unrelated pathogens. This study aimed to assess whether the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 can induce lasting non-specific immune responses in myeloid cells following a three-dose vaccination scheme. In a sample size consisting of 20 healthy individuals from Romania, we assessed inflammatory proteins using the Olink® Target 96 Inflammation panel, as well as ex vivo cytokine responses following stimulations with unrelated PRR ligands. We assessed the vaccine-induced non-specific systemic inflammation and functional adaptations of myeloid cells. Our results revealed the induction of a stimulus- and cytokine-dependent innate immune memory phenotype that became apparent after the booster dose and was maintained eight months later in the absence of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
| | - Medeea Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea M. Mirea
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
| | - Orsolya I. Gaal
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Emst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Radu A. Popp
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
| | - Tania O. Crișan
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (A.M.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Desai A, Soni A, Hayney MS, Hashash JG, Kochhar GS, Farraye FA, Caldera F. Increased Risk of Herpes Zoster in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After SARS-CoV2 Infection: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1094-1102. [PMID: 37540900 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that SARS-CoV2 infection can increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in the general population. However, the risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not known. METHODS The TriNetX database was utilized to conduct a retrospective cohort study in patients with IBD after SARS-CoV2 infection and patients without a SARS-CoV2 infection (IBD control cohort). The primary outcome was to evaluate the risk of HZ between the 2 cohorts. One-to-one (1:1) propensity score matching was performed for demographic parameters, HZ risk factors and IBD medications between the 2 cohorts. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS After propensity score matching, patients with IBD with a SARS-CoV2 infection were at an increased risk for HZ (aOR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.53-3.04) compared with IBD control cohort in the pre-COVID-19 vaccine era. There was no difference in the risk (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.44-1.75) of a composite outcome of HZ complications (hospitalization, post-herpetic neuralgia, and neurologic complications) between the 2 cohorts. The IBD SARS-CoV2 cohort was also at an increased risk for HZ (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.48-6.24) compared with IBD control cohort in the postvaccine era. However, the risk of HZ in the postvaccine era was decreased (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27-0.76) compared with IBD SARS-CoV2 cohort in the prevaccine era. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that SARS-CoV2 infection is associated with an increased risk of HZ in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aakriti Soni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worchester, MA, USA
| | - Mary S Hayney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gursimran S Kochhar
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis A Farraye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Freddy Caldera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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9
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Al Katatbeh M, Al-Mashakbeh Y, Freihat H, Gharam H, Mohammad R, Aldalki R, Eid S, Sharman R, Heissat N, Al-Samarraie G, Al-Shaibie A, Khasawneh L. Incidence of narcolepsy symptoms after taking COVID-19 vaccines: a Jordanian cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2024; 13:218-224. [PMID: 39144130 PMCID: PMC11319113 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sleeping disorders were reported in many patients who took vaccines during previous pandemics. We aim to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the incidence of narcolepsy symptoms in the Jordanian population. Materials and Methods We used a descriptive, cross-sectional, online self-administered survey conducted between December 2022 and May 2023. The survey targeted males and females above the age of 18 years who took any type of COVID-19 vaccine, had no chronic diseases, and had no sleep disorders prior to taking the vaccine. The survey was distributed via social media platforms. Results A total of 873 participants were included in this study, consisting of 44.4% males and 55.6% females, with the majority being in the 18-29 age group. Most participants (79.8%) received two vaccine doses, with the Pfizer vaccine being the most common. Nearly half of the participants reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were reported by a notable proportion of participants, but no significant differences were found among the vaccine types. Sleep attacks and fragmented nighttime sleep were associated with the number of vaccine doses received, suggesting a possible influence of the dose count on these symptoms. The presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations showed no significant association with the number of doses taken. Conclusion We hypothesize a possible link between COVID-19 vaccination and the emergence of narcolepsy symptoms in Jordanian individuals. Additional investigations and continuous monitoring to determine the extent of the risk and uncover potential mechanisms behind this connection should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Katatbeh
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yazan Al-Mashakbeh
- Department of Ear Throat Nose, New Zarqa Governmental Hospital, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Freihat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hiba Gharam
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rahmeh Mohammad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rahma Aldalki
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sadeen Eid
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Sharman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Princess Badea Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nizar Heissat
- Department of Anesthesia, Al Hussain New Salt Hospital, Salt, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad Al-Shaibie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Laith Khasawneh
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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10
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Ameratunga R, Jordan A, Lehnert K, Leung E, Mears ER, Snell R, Steele R, Woon ST. SARS-CoV-2 evolution has increased resistance to monoclonal antibodies and first-generation COVID-19 vaccines: Is there a future therapeutic role for soluble ACE2 receptors for COVID-19? Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105894. [PMID: 38677595 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. Although several COVID-19 vaccines have received full authorization for use, global deployment has faced political, financial and logistical challenges. The efficacy of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines is waning and breakthrough infections are allowing ongoing transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy relies on a functional immune system. Despite receiving three primary doses and three or more heterologous boosters, some immunocompromised patients may not be adequately protected by COVID-19 vaccines and remain vulnerable to severe disease. The evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has also resulted in the rapid obsolescence of monoclonal antibodies. Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors has produced inconsistent results. New drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) are beyond the reach of low- and middle-income countries. With widespread use of Paxlovid, it is likely nirmatrelvir-resistant clades of SARS-CoV-2 will emerge in the future. There is thus an urgent need for new effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments. The in vitro efficacy of soluble ACE2 against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants including omicron (B.1.1.529), was recently described using a competitive ELISA assay as a surrogate marker for virus neutralization. This indicates soluble wild-type ACE2 receptors are likely to be resistant to viral evolution. Nasal and inhaled treatment with soluble ACE2 receptors has abrogated severe disease in animal models of COVID-19. There is an urgent need for clinical trials of this new class of antiviral therapeutics, which could complement vaccines and Paxlovid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony Jordan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily R Mears
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Salehi M, Alavi Darazam I, Nematollahi A, Alimohammadi M, Pouya S, Alimohammadi R, Khajavirad N, Porgoo M, Sedghi M, Mahdi Sepahi M, Azimi M, Hosseini H, Mahmoud Hashemi S, Dehghanizadeh S, Khoddami V. Safety and immunogenicity of COReNAPCIN, a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, as a fourth heterologous booster in healthy Iranian adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 clinical trial with a six-month follow-up. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112192. [PMID: 38761778 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The recurrent COVID-19 infection, despite global vaccination, highlights the need for booster doses. A heterologous booster has been suggested to enhance immunity and protection against emerging variants of concern of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this report, we aimed to assess the safety, and immunogenicity of COReNAPCIN, as a fourth booster dose after three doses of inactivated vaccines. METHODS The study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial of the mRNA-based vaccine candidate, COReNAPCIN. The vaccine was injected as a heterologous booster in healthy Iranian adults aged 18-50 who had previously received three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In the study, 30 participants were randomly assigned to receive either COReNAPCIN in two different doses (25 µg and 50 µg) or placebo. The vaccine candidate contained mRNA encoding the complete sequence of the pre-fusion stabilized Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, formulated within lipid nanoparticles. The primary endpoint was safety and the secondary objective was humoral immunogenicity until 6 months post-vaccination. The cellular immunogenicity was pursued as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS COReNAPCIN was well tolerated in vaccinated individuals in both doses with no life-threatening or other serious adverse events. The most noticeable solicited adverse events were pain at the site of injection, fatigue and myalgia. Regarding the immunogenicity, despite the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies due to the vaccination history for all and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection for some participants, the recipients of 25 and 50 µg COReNAPCIN, two weeks post-vaccination, showed 6·6 and 8·1 fold increase in the level of anti-RBD, and 11·5 and 21·7 fold increase in the level of anti-spike antibody, respectively. The geometric mean virus neutralizing titers reached 10.2 fold in the 25 µg group and 8.4 fold in 50 µg group of pre-boost levels. After 6 months, the measured anti-spike antibody concentration still maintains a geometric mean fold rise of 2.8 and 6.3, comparing the baseline levels in 25 and 50 µg groups, respectively. Additionally, the significant increase in the spike-specific IFN-ϒ T-cell response upon vaccination underscores the activation of cellular immunity. CONCLUSION COReNAPCIN booster showed favorable safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profile, supporting its further clinical development (Trial registration: IRCT20230131057293N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Salehi
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ilad Alavi Darazam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nasim Khajavirad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Azimi
- Department of Medical Affairs, Pharmed Pajoohan Viera, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Clinical Trial Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Garmeh Motlagh F, Azimzadeh Irani M, Masoomi Nomandan SZ, Assadizadeh M. Computational design and investigation of the monomeric spike SARS-CoV-2-ferritin nanocage vaccine stability and interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1403635. [PMID: 38933369 PMCID: PMC11199398 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1403635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, several solutions have been proposed to manage the disease. The most viable option for controlling this virus is to produce effective vaccines. Most of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have focused on the infusion spike protein. Spike exists as a trimer and plays a vital role in infecting host cells by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Ferritin protein, a naturally occurring iron-storage protein, has gained attention for vaccine production due to its self-assembling property, non-toxic nature, and biocompatibility. Ferritin nanocages have recently been employed in the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination eliciting not only long-term protective memory cells but also a sustained antibody response. In this study, a combination of in silico investigations including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and immune simulations were carried out to computationally model the monomeric spike protein on the ferritin nanocage as well as to evaluate its stability and interactions for the first time. The structural dynamics of the modeled complex demonstrated noticeable stability. In particular, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and ferritin within the monomeric spike-ferritin complex illustrated significant stability. The lack of alterations in the secondary structure further supported the overall steadiness of the complex. The decline in the distance between ferritin and spike suggests a strong interaction over time. The cross-correlation matrices revealed that the monomeric spike and ferritin move towards each other supporting the stable interaction between spike and ferritin. Further, the orientation of monomeric spike protein within the ferritin unit facilitated the exposure of critical epitopes, specifically upward active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), enabling effective interactions with the ACE2 receptor. The immune simulations of the model indicated high-level stimulations of both cellular and humoral immunity in the human body. It was also found that the employed model is effective regardless of the mutated spikes in different variants. These findings shed light on the current status of the SARS-CoV-2-ferritin nanoparticle vaccines and could be used as a framework for other similar vaccine designs.
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13
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Suthar MS. Durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Semin Immunol 2024; 73:101884. [PMID: 38861769 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in humans has caused a pandemic of unprecedented dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and targets ciliated epithelial cells in the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs by utilizing the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The innate immune response, including type I and III interferons, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), innate immune cells (monocytes, DCs, neutrophils, natural killer cells), antibodies (IgG, sIgA, neutralizing antibodies), and adaptive immune cells (B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells) play pivotal roles in mitigating COVID-19 disease. Broad and durable B-cell- and T-cell immunity elicited by infection and vaccination is essential for protection against severe disease, hospitalization and death. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade neutralizing antibodies continue to jeopardize vaccine efficacy. In this review, we highlight our understanding the infection- and vaccine-mediated humoral, B and T cell responses, the durability of the immune responses, and how variants continue to threaten the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Ryu HE, Yoon J, Choi JE, Heo SJ, Hong KW, Jung DH. The Human Genetic Differences in the Outcomes of mRNA Vaccination against COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:626. [PMID: 38932355 PMCID: PMC11209249 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore how genetic variations in individuals impact neutralization activity post-mRNA vaccination, recognizing the critical role vaccination plays in curbing COVID-19 spread and the necessity of ensuring vaccine efficacy amidst genetic diversity. METHODS In a 4-week clinical pilot study, 534 healthy subjects received their first COVID vaccine dose, followed by the second dose. Antibody levels were evaluated thrice. From this pool, 120 participants were selected and divided into high- and low-antibody groups based on their levels. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells for pilot genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on a single platform. Real-time PCR was used to confirm differences in gene expression identified via GWAS analysis. RESULTS Three SNPs exceeded the level of p < 1.0 × 10-3. The rs7795433 SNP of the HDAC9 gene (7q21.1) showed the strongest association with COVID-19 vaccination under the additive model (OR = 5.63; p = 3 × 10-5). In the PCR experiments, the AA genotype group showed that the gene expression level of HDAC9 was likely to be decreased in the low-antibody-formation group at the time of vaccination. CONCLUSION We found that AA genotype holders (rs7795433 SNP of the HDAC9 gene) have a high probability of having a higher antibody count when vaccinated, and GG type holders have a high probability of the opposite. These findings show that the genetic characteristics of vaccinated people may affect antibody production after COVID vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Eun Ryu
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- R&D Division, Theragen Health Co., Ltd., Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- R&D Division, Theragen Health Co., Ltd., Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
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15
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Dong W, Li Z, Hou T, Shen Y, Guo Z, Su YT, Chen Z, Pan H, Jiang W, Wang Y. Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazole-Based Ionizable Lipids for Highly Efficient and Spleen-Selective Messenger RNA Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15085-15095. [PMID: 38776232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The spleen emerges as a pivotal target for mRNA delivery, prompting a continual quest for specialized and efficient lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) designed to enhance spleen-selective transfection efficiency. Here we report imidazole-containing ionizable lipids (IMILs) that demonstrate a pronounced preference for mRNA delivery into the spleen with exceptional transfection efficiency. We optimized IMIL structures by constructing and screening a multidimensional IMIL library containing multiple heads, tails, and linkers to perform a structure-activity correlation analysis. Following high-throughput in vivo screening, we identified A3B7C2 as a top-performing IMIL in spleen-specific mRNA delivery via the formulated LNPs, achieving a remarkable 98% proportion of splenic transfection. Moreover, A3B7C2-based LNPs are particularly potent in splenic dendritic cell transfection. Comparative analyses revealed that A3B7C2-based LNPs achieved a notable 2.8-fold and 12.9-fold increase in splenic mRNA transfection compared to SM102 and DLin-MC3-DMA lipid formulations, respectively. Additionally, our approach yielded an 18.3-fold enhancement in splenic mRNA expression compared to the SORT method without introducing additional anionic lipids. Collectively, these IMILs highlight promising avenues for further research in spleen-selective mRNA delivery. This work offers valuable insights for the swift discovery and rational design of ionizable lipid candidates tailored for spleen-selective transfection, thereby facilitating the application of mRNA therapeutics in spleen-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Tailin Hou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yanqiong Shen
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yi-Tan Su
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Huimin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230601, China
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16
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Odehnalová K, Balouch M, Storchmannová K, Petrová E, Konefał M, Zadražil A, Berka K, Brus J, Štěpánek F. Liposomal Copermeation Assay Reveals Unexpected Membrane Interactions of Commonly Prescribed Drugs. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2673-2683. [PMID: 38682796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The permeation of small molecules across biological membranes is a crucial process that lies at the heart of life. Permeation is involved not only in the maintenance of homeostasis at the cell level but also in the absorption and biodistribution of pharmacologically active substances throughout the human body. Membranes are formed by phospholipid bilayers that represent an energy barrier for permeating molecules. Crossing this energy barrier is assumed to be a singular event, and permeation has traditionally been described as a first-order kinetic process, proportional only to the concentration gradient of the permeating substance. For a given membrane composition, permeability was believed to be a unique property dependent only on the permeating molecule itself. We provide experimental evidence that this long-held view might not be entirely correct. Liposomes were used in copermeation experiments with a fluorescent probe, where simultaneous permeation of two substances occurred over a single phospholipid bilayer. Using an assay of six commonly prescribed drugs, we have found that the presence of a copermeant can either enhance or suppress the permeation rate of the probe molecule, often more than 2-fold in each direction. This can have significant consequences for the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of commonly prescribed drugs when used in combination and provide new insight into so-far unexplained drug-drug interactions as well as changing the perspective on how new drug candidates are evaluated and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Odehnalová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10 102 37, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Storchmannová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Petrová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Zadražil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
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17
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Cao LM, Yu YF, Li ZZ, Zhong NN, Wang GR, Xiao Y, Liu B, Wu QJ, Feng C, Bu LL. Adjuvants for cancer mRNA vaccines in the era of nanotechnology: strategies, applications, and future directions. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:308. [PMID: 38825711 PMCID: PMC11145938 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into mRNA vaccines is advancing rapidly, with proven efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 and promising therapeutic potential against a variety of solid tumors. Adjuvants, critical components of mRNA vaccines, significantly enhance vaccine effectiveness and are integral to numerous mRNA vaccine formulations. However, the development and selection of adjuvant platforms are still in their nascent stages, and the mechanisms of many adjuvants remain poorly understood. Additionally, the immunostimulatory capabilities of certain novel drug delivery systems (DDS) challenge the traditional definition of adjuvants, suggesting that a revision of this concept is necessary. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms and applications of adjuvants and self-adjuvant DDS. It thoroughly addresses existing issues mentioned above and details three main challenges of immune-related adverse event, unclear mechanisms, and unsatisfactory outcomes in old age group in the design and practical application of cancer mRNA vaccine adjuvants. Ultimately, this review proposes three optimization strategies which consists of exploring the mechanisms of adjuvant, optimizing DDS, and improving route of administration to improve effectiveness and application of adjuvants and self-adjuvant DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yi-Fu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Qiu-Ji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongii Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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18
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Androsavich JR. Frameworks for transformational breakthroughs in RNA-based medicines. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:421-444. [PMID: 38740953 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
RNA has sparked a revolution in modern medicine, with the potential to transform the way we treat diseases. Recent regulatory approvals, hundreds of new clinical trials, the emergence of CRISPR gene editing, and the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in dramatic response to the COVID-19 pandemic have converged to create tremendous momentum and expectation. However, challenges with this relatively new class of drugs persist and require specialized knowledge and expertise to overcome. This Review explores shared strategies for developing RNA drug platforms, including layering technologies, addressing common biases and identifying gaps in understanding. It discusses the potential of RNA-based therapeutics to transform medicine, as well as the challenges associated with improving applicability, efficacy and safety profiles. Insights gained from RNA modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs are used to identify important next steps for mRNA and gene editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Androsavich
- RNA Accelerator, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ginkgo Bioworks, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Ober Shepherd BL, Scott PT, Hutter JN, Lee C, McCauley MD, Guzman I, Bryant C, McGuire S, Kennedy J, Chen WH, Hajduczki A, Mdluli T, Valencia-Ruiz A, Amare MF, Matyas GR, Rao M, Rolland M, Mascola JR, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Montefiori DC, Serebryannyy L, McDermott AB, Peel SA, Collins ND, Joyce MG, Robb ML, Michael NL, Vasan S, Modjarrad K. SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Army Liposome Formulation containing monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human clinical trial. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e581-e593. [PMID: 38761816 PMCID: PMC11192176 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 recombinant spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine co-formulated with Army Liposomal Formulation (ALFQ) adjuvant containing monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21 (SpFN/ALFQ) has shown protective efficacy in animal challenge models. This trial aims to assess the safety and immunogenicity of SpFN/ALFQ in a first-in-human clinical trial. METHODS In this phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human clinical trial, adults were randomly assigned (5:5:2) to receive 25 μg or 50 μg of SpFN/ALFQ or saline placebo intramuscularly at day 1 and day 29, with an optional open-label third vaccination at day 181. Enrolment and randomisation occurred sequentially by group; randomisation was done by an interactive web-based randomisation system and only designated unmasked study personnel had access to the randomisation code. Adults were required to be seronegative and unvaccinated for inclusion. Local and systemic reactogenicity, adverse events, binding and neutralising antibodies, and antigen-specific T-cell responses were quantified. For safety analyses, exact 95% Clopper-Pearson CIs for the probability of any incidence of an unsolicited adverse event was computed for each group. For immunogenicity results, CIs for binary variables were computed using the exact Clopper-Pearson methodology, while CIs for geometric mean titres were based on 10 000 empirical bootstrap samples. Post-hoc, paired one-sample t tests were used to assess the increase in mean log-10 neutralising antibody titres between day 29 and day 43 (after the second vaccination) for the primary SARS-CoV-2 targets of interest. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04784767, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between April 7, and June 29, 2021, 29 participants were enrolled in the study. 20 individuals were assigned to receive 25 μg SpFN/ALFQ, four to 50 μg SpFN/ALFQ, and five to placebo. Neutralising antibody responses peaked at day 43, 2 weeks after the second dose. Neutralisation activity against multiple omicron subvariants decayed more slowly than against the D614G or beta variants until 5 months after second vaccination for both dose groups. CD4+ T-cell responses were elicited 4 weeks after the first dose and were boosted after a second dose of SpFN/ALFQ for both dose groups. Neutralising antibody titres against early omicron subvariants and clade 1 sarbecoviruses were detectable after two immunisations and peaked after the third immunisation for both dose groups. Neutralising antibody titres against XBB.1.5 were detected after three vaccinations. Passive IgG transfer from vaccinated volunteers into Syrian golden hamsters controlled replication of SARS-CoV-1 after challenge. INTERPRETATION SpFN/ALFQ was well tolerated and elicited robust and durable binding antibody and neutralising antibody titres against a broad panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses. FUNDING US Department of Defense, Defense Health Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Ober Shepherd
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul T Scott
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Global Clinical Development, Vaccines, Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jack N Hutter
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Christine Lee
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Melanie D McCauley
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivelese Guzman
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thembi Mdluli
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anais Valencia-Ruiz
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mihret F Amare
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leonid Serebryannyy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Immunology, Sanofi Vaccines, Lyon, France
| | - Sheila A Peel
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - M Gordon Joyce
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River, NY, USA
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20
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhao Y. Rational Design of Lipid-Based Vectors for Advanced Therapeutic Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:603. [PMID: 38932332 PMCID: PMC11209477 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in vaccine delivery systems have seen the utilization of various materials, including lipids, polymers, peptides, metals, and inorganic substances, for constructing non-viral vectors. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles, composed of natural, synthetic, or physiological lipid/phospholipid materials, offer significant advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and safety, making them ideal for vaccine delivery. These lipid-based vectors can protect encapsulated antigens and/or mRNA from degradation, precisely tune chemical and physical properties to mimic viruses, facilitate targeted delivery to specific immune cells, and enable efficient endosomal escape for robust immune activation. Notably, lipid-based vaccines, exemplified by those developed by BioNTech/Pfizer and Moderna against COVID-19, have gained approval for human use. This review highlights rational design strategies for vaccine delivery, emphasizing lymphoid organ targeting and effective endosomal escape. It also discusses the importance of rational formulation design and structure-activity relationships, along with reviewing components and potential applications of lipid-based vectors. Additionally, it addresses current challenges and future prospects in translating lipid-based vaccine therapies for cancer and infectious diseases into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yiang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Zilu Li
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
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21
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Ye L, Li P, Wang M, Wu F, Han S, Ma L. Profiling of Early Immune Responses to Vaccination Using THP-1-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5509. [PMID: 38791547 PMCID: PMC11121899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made assessing vaccine efficacy more challenging. Besides neutralizing antibody assays, systems vaccinology studies use omics technology to reveal immune response mechanisms and identify gene signatures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, due to their low proportion in PBMCs, profiling the immune response signatures of dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult. Here, we develop a predictive model for evaluating early immune responses in dendritic cells. We establish a THP-1-derived dendritic cell (TDDC) model and stimulate their maturation in vitro with an optimal dose of attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF-17D). Transcriptomic analysis reveals that type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced immunity plays a key role in dendritic cells. IFN-I regulatory biomarkers (IRF7, SIGLEC1) and IFN-I-inducible biomarkers (IFI27, IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, MX1, OAS2, OAS3) are identified and validated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we apply this TDDC approach to various types of vaccines, providing novel insights into their early immune response signatures and their heterogeneity in vaccine recipients. Our findings suggest that a standardizable TDDC model is a promising predictive approach to assessing early immunity in DCs. Further research into vaccine efficacy assessment approaches on various types of immune cells could lead to a systemic regimen for vaccine development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Njuguna AG, Wangombe AW, Walekhwa MN, Kamondo DK. Clinical Course and Factors Associated With Hospital Admission and Mortality among Sars-Cov 2 Patients within Nairobi Metropolitan Area. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.15.24307403. [PMID: 38798388 PMCID: PMC11118643 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the clinical course and factors associated with hospital admission and mortality among SARS-CoV-2 patients within the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. The study utilizes a multicenter retrospective cohort design, collecting clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of hospitalized patients from March 2020 to May 2022. Data analysis includes percentages, frequencies, chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier analysis, pairwise comparisons, and multivariate regression models. Ethical considerations are observed throughout the research process. The study findings highlight significant associations between comorbidities, such as hypertension, and increased mortality risk due to COVID-19. Symptoms including fever, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, sore throat, and loss of smell/taste are also identified as predictors of mortality. Abnormal laboratory parameters, such as oxygen saturation, procalcitonin, glucose levels, serum creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, are associated with mortality. However, demographic factors and certain vital signs do not exhibit significant associations. Recommendations based on this study suggest increased monitoring and management of comorbidities, early identification and management of symptoms, regular monitoring of laboratory parameters, continued research and collaboration, and implementation of preventive measures. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the public is crucial to improve COVID-19 outcomes and reduce mortality rates. Adaptation of strategies based on emerging evidence and resource allocation is essential for effective management of the pandemic.
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23
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Zhu Y, Ma J, Shen R, Lin J, Li S, Lu X, Stelzel JL, Kong J, Cheng L, Vuong I, Yao ZC, Wei C, Korinetz NM, Toh WH, Choy J, Reynolds RA, Shears MJ, Cho WJ, Livingston NK, Howard GP, Hu Y, Tzeng SY, Zack DJ, Green JJ, Zheng L, Doloff JC, Schneck JP, Reddy SK, Murphy SC, Mao HQ. Screening for lipid nanoparticles that modulate the immune activity of helper T cells towards enhanced antitumour activity. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:544-560. [PMID: 38082180 PMCID: PMC11162325 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapy by promoting their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, stimulating the maturation of these cells and modulating the activity of adjuvants. Here we report an LNP-screening method for the optimization of the type of helper lipid and of lipid-component ratios to enhance the delivery of tumour-antigen-encoding mRNA to dendritic cells and their immune-activation profile towards enhanced antitumour activity. The method involves screening for LNPs that enhance the maturation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and antigen presentation in vitro, followed by assessing immune activation and tumour-growth suppression in a mouse model of melanoma after subcutaneous or intramuscular delivery of the LNPs. We found that the most potent antitumour activity, especially when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, resulted from a coordinated attack by T cells and NK cells, triggered by LNPs that elicited strong immune activity in both type-1 and type-2 T helper cells. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing the LNP composition of mRNA-based cancer vaccines to tailor antigen-specific immune-activation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingyao Ma
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruochen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuyi Li
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica L Stelzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiayuan Kong
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Vuong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole M Korinetz
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wu Han Toh
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Choy
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebekah A Reynolds
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won June Cho
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory P Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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24
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Kenison JE, Stevens NA, Quintana FJ. Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:338-357. [PMID: 38086932 PMCID: PMC11145724 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches for the induction of robust, long-lasting and antigen-specific immune tolerance remains an important unmet clinical need for the management of autoimmunity, allergy, organ transplantation and gene therapy. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune tolerance mechanisms have opened new research avenues and therapeutic opportunities in this area. Here, we review mechanisms of immune tolerance and novel methods for its therapeutic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas A Stevens
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Chisty ZA, Li DD, Haile M, Houston H, DaSilva J, Overton R, Schuh AJ, Haynie J, Clemente J, Branch AG, Arons MM, Tsang CA, Pellegrini GJ, Bugrysheva J, Ilutsik J, Mohelsky R, Comer P, Hundia SB, Oh H, Stuckey MJ, Bohannon CD, Rasheed MAU, Epperson M, Thornburg NJ, McDonald LC, Brown AC, Kutty PK. Immune response kinetics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination among nursing home residents-Georgia, October 2020-July 2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301367. [PMID: 38625908 PMCID: PMC11020945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the immune response kinetics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination is important in nursing home (NH) residents, a high-risk population. METHODS An observational longitudinal evaluation of 37 consenting vaccinated NH residents with/without SARS-CoV-2 infection from October 2020 to July 2022 was conducted to characterize the immune response to spike protein due to infection and/or mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Antibodies (IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike, nucleocapsid, and receptor binding domain protein antigens were measured, and surrogate virus neutralization capacity was assessed using Meso Scale Discovery immunoassays. The participant's spike exposure status varied depending on the acquisition of infection or receipt of a vaccine dose. Longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling was used to describe trajectories based on the participant's last infection or vaccination; the primary series mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was considered two spike exposures. Mean antibody titer values from participants who developed an infection post receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were compared with those who did not. In a subset of participants (n = 15), memory B cell (MBC) S-specific IgG (%S IgG) responses were assessed using an ELISPOT assay. RESULTS The median age of the 37 participants at enrollment was 70.5 years; 30 (81%) had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 76% received Pfizer-BioNTech and 24% Moderna homologous vaccines. After an observed augmented effect with each spike exposure, a decline in the immune response, including %S IgG MBCs, was observed over time; the percent decline decreased with increasing spike exposures. Participants who developed an infection at least two weeks post-receipt of a vaccine were observed to have lower humoral antibody levels than those who did not develop an infection post-receipt. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that understanding the durability of immune responses in this vulnerable NH population can help inform public health policy regarding the timing of booster vaccinations as new variants display immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan A. Chisty
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deana D. Li
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melia Haile
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hollis Houston
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Juliana DaSilva
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rahsaan Overton
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Schuh
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jenn Haynie
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Goldbelt C6, LLC, Chesapeake, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jacob Clemente
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alicia G. Branch
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Arons
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Clarisse A. Tsang
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gerald J. Pellegrini
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julia Bugrysheva
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justina Ilutsik
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Goldbelt C6, LLC, Chesapeake, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Romy Mohelsky
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patricia Comer
- A.G. Rhodes Wesley Woods Heath and Rehab, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Hyungseok Oh
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Stuckey
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caitlin D. Bohannon
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Ata Ur Rasheed
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monica Epperson
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. Thornburg
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - L. Clifford McDonald
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Allison C. Brown
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Preeta K. Kutty
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Koy C, Röwer C, Thiesen HJ, Neamtu A, Glocker MO. Intact Transition Epitope Mapping-Force Interferences by Variable Extensions (ITEM-FIVE). Biomolecules 2024; 14:454. [PMID: 38672470 PMCID: PMC11048379 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations on binding strength differences of non-covalent protein complex components were performed by mass spectrometry. T4 fibritin foldon (T4Ff) is a well-studied miniprotein, which together with its biotinylated version served as model system to represent a compactly folded protein to which an Intrinsically Disordered Region (IDR) was attached. The apparent enthalpies of the gas phase dissociation reactions of the homo-trimeric foldon F-F-F and of the homo-trimeric triply biotinylated foldon bF-bF-bF have been determined to be rather similar (3.32 kJ/mol and 3.85 kJ/mol) but quite distinct from those of the singly and doubly biotinylated hetero-trimers F-F-bF and F-bF-bF (1.86 kJ/mol and 1.08 kJ/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the ground states of the (biotinylated) T4Ff trimers are highly symmetric and well comparable to each other, indicating that the energy levels of all four (biotinylated) T4Ff trimer ground states are nearly indistinguishable. The experimentally determined differences and/or similarities in enthalpies of the complex dissociation reactions are explained by entropic spring effects, which are noticeable in the T4Ff hetero-trimers but not in the T4Ff homo-trimers. A lowering of the transition state energy levels of the T4Ff hetero-trimers seems likely because the biotin moieties, mimicking intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), induced asymmetries in the transition states of the biotinylated T4Ff hetero-trimers. This transition state energy level lowering effect is absent in the T4Ff homo-trimer, as well as in the triply biotinylated T4Ff homo-trimer. In the latter, the IDR-associated entropic spring effects on complex stability cancel each other out. ITEM-FIVE enabled semi-quantitative determination of energy differences of complex dissociation reactions, whose differences were modulated by IDRs attached to compactly folded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Koy
- Proteome Center Rostock, Medical Faculty and Natural Science Faculty, University of Rostock Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Claudia Röwer
- Proteome Center Rostock, Medical Faculty and Natural Science Faculty, University of Rostock Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (C.K.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Thiesen
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Andrei Neamtu
- Department of Physiology, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii nr. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- TRANSCEND Centre, Regional Institute of Oncology (IRO) Iasi, Str. General Henri Mathias Berthelot, Nr. 2–4, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Michael O. Glocker
- Proteome Center Rostock, Medical Faculty and Natural Science Faculty, University of Rostock Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (C.K.)
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27
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Wolz OO, Vahrenhorst D, Quintini G, Lemberg C, Koch SD, Kays SK, Walz L, Kulkarni N, Fehlings M, Wengenmayer P, Heß J, Oostvogels L, Lazzaro S, von Eisenhart-Rothe P, Mann P. Innate Responses to the Former COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate CVnCoV and Their Relation to Reactogenicity and Adaptive Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:388. [PMID: 38675770 PMCID: PMC11053638 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are highly effective at preventing severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). With mRNA vaccines, further research is needed to understand the association between immunogenicity and reactogenicity, which is defined as the physical manifestation of an inflammatory response to a vaccination. This study analyzed the immune response and reactogenicity in humans, post immunization, to the former SARS-CoV-2 mRNA investigational vaccine CVnCoV (CV-NCOV-001 and CV-NCOV-002 clinical trials). Immunogenicity was investigated using whole-blood RNA sequencing, serum cytokine levels, and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. The T cell responses in peripheral blood were assessed using intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and high-dimensional profiling in conjunction with SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specificity testing via mass cytometry. Reactogenicity was graded after participants' first and second doses of CVnCoV using vaccine-related solicited adverse events (AEs). Finally, a Spearman correlation was performed between reactogenicity, humoral immunity, and serum cytokine levels to assess the relationship between reactogenicity and immunogenicity post CVnCoV vaccination. Our findings showed that the gene sets related to innate and inflammatory immune responses were upregulated one day post CVnCoV vaccination, while the gene sets related to adaptive immunity were upregulated predominantly one week after the second dose. The serum levels of IFNα, IFNγ, IP-10, CXCL11, IL-10, and MCP-1 increased transiently, peaking one day post vaccination. CD4+ T cells were induced in all vaccinated participants and low frequencies of CD8+ T cells were detected by ex vivo ICS. Using mass cytometry, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD8+ T cells were induced and were characterized as having an activated effector memory phenotype. Overall, the results demonstrated a positive correlation between vaccine-induced systemic cytokines, reactogenicity, and adaptive immunity, highlighting the importance of the balance between the induction of innate immunity to achieve vaccine efficacy and ensuring low reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf-Oliver Wolz
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Dominik Vahrenhorst
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Gianluca Quintini
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Christina Lemberg
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Sven D. Koch
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Sarah-Katharina Kays
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Lisa Walz
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Neeraja Kulkarni
- ImmunoScape Pte Ltd., Singapore 139954, Singapore; (N.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Fehlings
- ImmunoScape Pte Ltd., Singapore 139954, Singapore; (N.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Peter Wengenmayer
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Jana Heß
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Lidia Oostvogels
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Sandra Lazzaro
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Philipp Mann
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (D.V.); (G.Q.); (C.L.); (S.D.K.); (P.W.); (L.O.); (S.L.); (P.M.)
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28
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Sheetikov SA, Khmelevskaya AA, Zornikova KV, Zvyagin IV, Shomuradova AS, Serdyuk YV, Shakirova NT, Peshkova IO, Titov A, Romaniuk DS, Shagina IA, Chudakov DM, Kiryukhin DO, Shcherbakova OV, Khamaganova EG, Dzutseva V, Afanasiev A, Bogolyubova AV, Efimov GA. Clonal structure and the specificity of vaccine-induced T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369436. [PMID: 38629062 PMCID: PMC11018901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vaccines, particularly the COVID-19 Ad5-nCoV adenovirus vaccine, have emerged as promising tools in the fight against infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the structure of the T cell response to the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus used in the COVID-19 Ad5-nCoV adenoviral vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04540419). In 69 participants, we collected peripheral blood samples at four time points after vaccination or placebo injection. Sequencing of T cell receptor repertoires from Spike-stimulated T cell cultures at day 14 from 17 vaccinated revealed a more diverse CD4+ T cell repertoire compared to CD8+. Nevertheless, CD8+ clonotypes accounted for more than half of the Spike-specific repertoire. Our longitudinal analysis showed a peak T cell response at day 14, followed by a decline until month 6. Remarkably, multiple T cell clonotypes persisted for at least 6 months after vaccination, as demonstrated by ex vivo stimulation. Examination of CDR3 regions revealed homologous sequences in both CD4+ and CD8+ clonotypes, with major CD8+ clonotypes sharing high similarity with annotated sequences specific for the NYNYLYRLF peptide, suggesting potential immunodominance. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the immunogenicity of the Ad5-nCoV adenoviral vaccine and highlights its ability to induce robust and durable T cell responses. These findings provide valuable insight into the efficacy of the vaccine against COVID-19 and provide critical information for ongoing efforts to control infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveliy A. Sheetikov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Khmelevskaya
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia V. Zornikova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Shomuradova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V. Serdyuk
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Naina T. Shakirova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia O. Peshkova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Titov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Romaniuk
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Shagina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Chudakov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dmitry O. Kiryukhin
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina G. Khamaganova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitalina Dzutseva
- Novosibirsk State University, Medical School, Novosibirsk, Russia
- NPO Petrovax Pharm LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Yasmin S, Ansari MY, Pandey K, Dikhit MR. Identification of potential vaccine targets for elicitation of host immune cells against SARS-CoV-2 by reverse vaccinology approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130754. [PMID: 38508555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a critical global health crisis, demanding urgent and effective strategies for containment. While some knowledge exists about epitope sequences recognized by human immune cells and their activation of CD8+ T cells within the HLA context, comprehensive information remains limited. This study employs reverse vaccinology to explore antigenic HLA-restricted T-cell epitopes capable of eliciting durable immunity. Screening reveals 187 consensus epitopes, with 23 offering broad population coverage worldwide, spanning over 5000 HLA alleles. Sequence alignment analysis highlights the genetic distinctiveness of these peptides from Homo sapiens and their intermediate to high TAP binding efficiency. Notably, these epitopes share 100 % sequence identity across strains from nine countries, indicating potential for a uniform protective immune response among diverse ethnic populations. Docking simulations further confirm their binding capacity with the HLA allele, validating them as promising targets for SARS-CoV-2 immune recognition. The anticipated epitopes are connected with suitable linkers and adjuvant, and then assessed for its translational efficacy within a bacterial expression vector through computational cloning. Through docking, it is observed that the chimeric vaccine construct forms lasting hydrogen bonds with Toll-like receptor (TLR4), while immune simulation illustrates an increased cytotoxic response aimed at CD8+ T cells. This comprehensive computational analysis suggests the chimeric vaccine construct's potential to provoke a robust immune response against SARS-CoV-2. By delineating these antigenic fragments, our study offers valuable insights into effective vaccine and immunotherapy development against COVID-19, contributing significantly to global efforts in combating this infectious threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Yousuf Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India.
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Dikhit
- Department of Bioinformatics, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India.
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30
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Deyhimfar R, Izady M, Shoghi M, Kazazi MH, Ghazvini ZF, Nazari H, Fekrirad Z, Arefian E. The clinical impact of mRNA therapeutics in the treatment of cancers, infections, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26971. [PMID: 38486748 PMCID: PMC10937594 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based therapeutics have revolutionized medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. The recent progress in the optimization and formulation of mRNAs has led to the development of a new therapeutic platform with a broad range of applications. With a growing body of evidence supporting the use of mRNA-based drugs for precision medicine and personalized treatments, including cancer immunotherapy, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases, this emerging technology offers a rapidly expanding category of therapeutic options. Furthermore, the development and deployment of mRNA vaccines have facilitated a prompt and flexible response to medical emergencies, exemplified by the COVID-19 outbreak. The establishment of stable and safe mRNA molecules carried by efficient delivery systems is now available through recent advances in molecular biology and nanotechnology. This review aims to elucidate the advancements in the clinical applications of mRNAs for addressing significant health-related challenges such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, and infections and provide insights into the efficacy and safety of mRNA therapeutics in recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham Deyhimfar
- Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Izady
- Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Kazazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra Fakhraei Ghazvini
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Sarin KY, Zheng H, Chaichian Y, Arunachalam PS, Swaminathan G, Eschholz A, Gao F, Wirz OF, Lam B, Yang E, Lee LW, Feng A, Lewis MA, Lin J, Maecker HT, Boyd SD, Davis MM, Nadeau KC, Pulendran B, Khatri P, Utz PJ, Zaba LC. Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176556. [PMID: 38456511 PMCID: PMC10972586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is critical to optimizing vaccination strategies for individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we comprehensively analyzed innate and adaptive immune responses in 19 patients with SLE receiving a complete 2-dose Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) regimen compared with a control cohort of 56 healthy control (HC) volunteers. Patients with SLE exhibited impaired neutralizing antibody production and antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses relative to HC. Interestingly, antibody responses were only altered in patients with SLE treated with immunosuppressive therapies, whereas impairment of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers was independent of medication. Patients with SLE also displayed reduced levels of circulating CXC motif chemokine ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ after secondary vaccination as well as downregulation of gene expression pathways indicative of compromised innate immune responses. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis reveals that patients with SLE showed reduced levels of a vaccine-inducible monocyte population characterized by overexpression of IFN-response transcription factors. Thus, although 2 doses of BNT162b2 induced relatively robust immune responses in patients with SLE, our data demonstrate impairment of both innate and adaptive immune responses relative to HC, highlighting a need for population-specific vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Yashaar Chaichian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Prabhu S. Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Fei Gao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
| | | | | | - Emily Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lori W. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allan Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Janice Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Environmental Gealth, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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32
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Kechagias KS, Laleye JD, Drmota J, Geropoulos G, Kyrtsonis G, Zafeiri M, Triantafyllidis KK, Stathi D. Minimal change disease following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297568. [PMID: 38442131 PMCID: PMC10914286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The newly developed COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective and safe. However, a small portion of vaccine recipients experience a wide range of adverse events. Recently, glomerular disease, including the development of Minimal Change Disease (MCD), has been observed after administration of different COVID-19 vaccines, although causality remains a matter of debate. AIM The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine the available literature and provide an overview of reported cases of MCD following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS We identified 46 eligible articles which included 94 cases with MCD following COVID-19 vaccination of which one case was reported twice due to a second relapse. Fifty-five participants were males (59.1%, 55/93) and 38 (40.9%, 38/93) were females with a mean age of 45.02 years (SD:20.95). From the included patients 50 (50/94, 53.1%) were described as new-onset and 44 (46.9%, 44/94) as relapse. On average, symptomatology developed 16.68 days (SD: 22.85) after the administration of the vaccine irrespective of the dose. Data about symptoms was reported in 68 cases with the most common being oedema (80.8%, 55/68), followed by weight gain (26.5%, 18/68) and hypertension (16.1%, 11/68). In terms of outcome, more than half of the patients went into remission (61%, 57/94), while 18 recovered or improved post treatment (19.1%, 18/94). Two people relapsed after treatment (2.1%, 2/94) and two cases (2.1%, 2/94) were reported as not recovered. CONCLUSION MCD is possibly a condition clinicians may see in patients receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Although this adverse event is uncommon, considering the limited published data and the absence of confirmed causality, increased clinical awareness is crucial for the early recognition and optimal management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S. Kechagias
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D. Laleye
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Drmota
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georgios Kyrtsonis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Zafeiri
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dimitra Stathi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Baba C, Kaya E, Ozcelik S, Ozdogar AT, Samadzade U, Cevik S, Calıskan C, Dogan Y, Ozakbas S. COVID-19 vaccine response in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 238:108152. [PMID: 38382130 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND AIMS Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that requires immunosuppressants to control the relapses. The latter puts them at risk for more severe COVID-19 infection. Vaccines are an effective way to control the pandemic. However, we do not know how effective they are in immunologically compromised patients. We aimed to evaluate and compare antibody levels in NMOSD patients treated with disease-modifying therapies after two doses of inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Patients with NMOSD diagnosis and age-sex matched healthy controls who received two doses of either inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were recruited in the study. Serum samples were collected at least two weeks after the second dose. RESULTS Serum samples from 24 NMOSD patients (Mean age-36.58, Female-70.83%) and 24 healthy controls (Mean age-36.71, Female-70.83%) were evaluated. Mean antibody titer was lower in the NMOSD group (Mean; SD (2.43 ± 1.51) than in healthy controls (Mean; SD 3.23 ± 0.80). Seronegativity was only seen in the rituximab group, there were no such cases in the azathioprine group. (9 vs 0). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that NMOSD patients treated with rituximab may still be susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection even after both inactivated and mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavid Baba
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ergi Kaya
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Ozcelik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asiye Tuba Ozdogar
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ulvi Samadzade
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Cevik
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Can Calıskan
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dogan
- Vocational Health High School, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ozakbas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Dulin H, Barre RS, Xu D, Neal A, Vizcarra E, Chavez J, Ulu A, Yang MS, Khan SR, Wuang K, Bhakta N, Chea C, Wilson EH, Martinez-Sobrido L, Hai R. Harnessing preexisting influenza virus-specific immunity increases antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2024; 98:e0157123. [PMID: 38206036 PMCID: PMC10878257 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01571-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In pandemic scenarios involving novel human pathogenic viruses, it is highly desirable that vaccines induce strong neutralizing antibodies as quickly as possible. However, current vaccine strategies require multiple immunization doses to produce high titers of neutralizing antibodies and are poorly protective after a single vaccination. We therefore wished to design a vaccine candidate that would induce increased protective immune responses following the first vaccine dose. We hypothesized that antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein could be increased by drawing upon immunity to a previous infection. We generated a fusion protein containing the influenza H1N1 PR8 virus nucleoprotein (NP) and the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. Mice with or without preexisting immunity to PR8 were then vaccinated with NP/RBD. We observed significantly increased SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice with PR8 immunity compared to mice without preexisting PR8 immunity. Vaccination with NP/RBD protected mice from SARS-CoV-2-induced morbidity and mortality after a single dose. Additionally, we compared SARS-CoV-2 virus titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates 4 days post-challenge of mice vaccinated with NP/RBD. SARS-CoV-2 virus was detectable in the lungs and nasal turbinate of mice without preexisting PR8 immunity, while SARS-CoV-2 virus was completely undetectable in mice with preexisting PR8 immunity. We also found that CD4-positive T cells in mice with preexisting immunity to PR8 play an essential role in producing the increased antibody response against RBD. This vaccine strategy potentially can be modified to target other pathogens of concern and offers extra value in future pandemic scenarios.IMPORTANCEIncreased globalization and changes in human interactions with wild animals has increased the likelihood of the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. Vaccines can be effective in preventing severe disease caused by pandemic viruses. However, it takes time to develop protective immunity via prime-boost vaccination. More effective vaccine designs should quickly induce protective immunity. We propose leveraging preexisting immunity to a different pathogen to boost protection against emerging viruses. We targeted SARS-CoV-2 as a representative pandemic virus and generated a fusion protein vaccine that combines the nucleoprotein from influenza A virus and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Our vaccine design significantly increased the production of RBD-specific antibodies in mice that had previously been exposed to influenza virus, compared to those without previous exposure. This enhanced immunity reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in mice. Our results offer a vaccine design that could be valuable in a future pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Dulin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ramya S. Barre
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Arrmund Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Edward Vizcarra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jerald Chavez
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Keidy Wuang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nikhil Bhakta
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Chanvoraboth Chea
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Emma H. Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Ankunda V, Katende JS, Oluka GK, Sembera J, Baine C, Odoch G, Ejou P, Kato L, Kaleebu P, Serwanga J. The subdued post-boost spike-directed secondary IgG antibody response in Ugandan recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine has implications for local vaccination policies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325387. [PMID: 38469296 PMCID: PMC10926532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to delineate longitudinal antibody responses to the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine within the Ugandan subset of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) demographic, filling a significant gap in global datasets. Methods We enrolled 48 participants and collected 320 specimens over 12 months after the primary vaccination dose. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody concentrations (ng/ml) and optical densities (ODs). Statistical analyses included box plots, diverging bar graphs, and the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction. Results We noted a robust S-IgG response within 14 days of the primary vaccine dose, which was consistent with global data. There was no significant surge in S-IgG levels after the booster dose, contrasting trends in other global populations. The S-IgM response was transient and predominantly below established thresholds for this population, which reflects its typical early emergence and rapid decline. S-IgA levels rose after the initial dose then decreased after six months, aligning with the temporal patterns of mucosal immunity. Eleven breakthrough infections were noted, and all were asymptomatic, regardless of the participants' initial S-IgG serostatus, which suggests a protective effect from vaccination. Discussion The Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine elicited strong S-IgG responses in the SSA demographic. The antibody dynamics distinctly differed from global data highlighting the significance of region-specific research and the necessity for customised vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Ankunda
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ssebwana Katende
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gerald Kevin Oluka
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jackson Sembera
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Claire Baine
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Odoch
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Peter Ejou
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Laban Kato
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jennifer Serwanga
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Feng Y, Shi A, Wu L, Sang Y, Li C. Global research on RNA vaccines for COVID-19 from 2019 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1259788. [PMID: 38426106 PMCID: PMC10902429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1259788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Since the global pandemic of COVID-19 has broken out, thousands of pieces of literature on COVID-19 RNA vaccines have been published in various journals. The overall measurement and analysis of RNA vaccines for COVID-19, with the help of sophisticated mathematical tools, could provide deep insights into global research performance and the collaborative architectural structure within the scientific community of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. In this bibliometric analysis, we aim to determine the extent of the scientific output related to COVID-19 RNA vaccines between 2019 and 2023. Methods We applied the Bibliometrix R package for comprehensive science mapping analysis of extensive bibliographic metadata retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. On January 11th, 2024, the Web of Science database was searched for COVID-19 RNA vaccine-related publications using predetermined search keywords with specific restrictions. Bradford's law was applied to evaluate the core journals in this field. The data was analyzed with various bibliometric indicators using the Bibliometrix R package. Results The final analysis included 2962 publications published between 2020 and 2023 while there is no related publication in 2019. The most productive year was 2022. The most relevant leading authors in terms of publications were Ugur Sahin and Pei-Yong, Shi, who had the highest total citations in this field. The core journals were Vaccines, Frontiers in Immunology, and Viruses-Basel. The most frequently used author's keywords were COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine. Recent COVID-19 RNA vaccine-related topics included mental health, COVID-19 vaccines in humans, people, and the pandemic. Harvard University was the top-ranked institution. The leading country in terms of publications, citations, corresponding author country, and international collaboration was the United States. The United States had the most robust collaboration with China. Conclusion The research hotspots include COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic in people. We identified international collaboration and research expenditure strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccine research productivity. Researchers' collaboration among developed countries should be extended to low-income countries to expand COVID-19 vaccine-related research and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yali Feng
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Aochen Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Sang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, the First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
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Qin Q, Jiang X, Huo L, Qian J, Yu H, Zhu H, Du W, Cao Y, Zhang X, Huang Q. Computational design and engineering of self-assembling multivalent microproteins with therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:58. [PMID: 38341574 PMCID: PMC10858482 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multivalent drugs targeting homo-oligomeric viral surface proteins, such as the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike (S) protein, have the potential to elicit more potent and broad-spectrum therapeutic responses than monovalent drugs by synergistically engaging multiple binding sites on viral targets. However, rational design and engineering of nanoscale multivalent protein drugs are still lacking. Here, we developed a computational approach to engineer self-assembling trivalent microproteins that simultaneously bind to the three receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the S protein. This approach involves four steps: structure-guided linker design, molecular simulation evaluation of self-assembly, experimental validation of self-assembly state, and functional testing. Using this approach, we first designed trivalent constructs of the microprotein miniACE2 (MP) with different trimerization scaffolds and linkers, and found that one of the constructs (MP-5ff) showed high trimerization efficiency, good conformational homogeneity, and strong antiviral neutralizing activity. With its trimerization unit (5ff), we then engineered a trivalent nanobody (Tr67) that exhibited potent and broad neutralizing activity against the dominant Omicron variants, including XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. Cryo-EM complex structure confirmed that Tr67 stably binds to all three RBDs of the Omicron S protein in a synergistic form, locking them in the "3-RBD-up" conformation that could block human receptor (ACE2) binding and potentially facilitate immune clearance. Therefore, our approach provides an effective strategy for engineering potent protein drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and other deadly coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liyun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiaqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | | | - Haixia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenhao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuhui Cao
- ACROBiosystems Inc, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- ACROBiosystems Inc, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Samanta S, Banerjee J, Das A, Das S, Ahmed R, Das S, Pal A, Ali KM, Mukhopadhyay R, Giri B, Dash SK. Enhancing Immunological Memory: Unveiling Booster Doses to Bolster Vaccine Efficacy Against Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutant Variants. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:91. [PMID: 38311669 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
A growing number of re-infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in previously immunized individuals has sparked discussions about the potential need for a booster vaccine dosage to counteract declining antibody levels and new strains. The protective immunity produced by vaccinations, and past illnesses relies on immunological memory. CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells, and long-lasting antibody responses are all components of the adaptive immune system that can generate and maintain this immunological memory. Since novel mutant variants have emerged one after the other, the world has been hit by repeated waves. Various vaccine formulations against SARS-CoV-2 have been administered across the globe. Thus, estimating the efficacy of those vaccines against gradually developed mutant stains is the essential parameter regarding the fate of those vaccine formulations and the necessity of booster doses and their frequency. In this review, focus has also been given to how vaccination stacks up against moderate and severe acute infections in terms of the longevity of the immune cells, neutralizing antibody responses, etc. However, hybrid immunity shows a greater accuracy of re-infection of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 than infection and immunization. The review conveys knowledge of detailed information about several marketed vaccines and the status of their efficacy against specific mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, this review discusses the status of immunological memory after infection, mixed infection, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Rubai Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnali Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Pal
- Department of Physiology, City College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Kazi Monjur Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women's College, B.C. Road, Bardhaman, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupanjan Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, City College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India.
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Rosas-Murrieta NH, Rodríguez-Enríquez A, Herrera-Camacho I, Millán-Pérez-Peña L, Santos-López G, Rivera-Benítez JF. Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:238. [PMID: 38400014 PMCID: PMC10892376 DOI: 10.3390/v16020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents comparative information corresponding to the progress in knowledge of some aspects of infection by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronaviruses. PEDV is an alphacoronavirus of great economic importance due to the million-dollar losses it generates in the pig industry. PEDV has many similarities to the SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. This review presents possible scenarios for SARS-CoV-2 based on the collected literature on PEDV and the tools or strategies currently developed for SARS-CoV-2 that would be useful in PEDV research. The speed of the study of SARS-CoV-2 and the generation of strategies to control the pandemic was possible due to the knowledge derived from infections caused by other human coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS). Therefore, from the information obtained from several coronaviruses, the current and future behavior of SARS-CoV-2 could be inferred and, with the large amount of information on the virus that causes COVID-19, the study of PEDV could be improved and probably that of new emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora H. Rosas-Murrieta
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
| | - Alan Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez-Peña
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
| | - Gerardo Santos-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec 74360, Mexico;
| | - José F. Rivera-Benítez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México 38110, Mexico;
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Gabrielli R, Siani A, Smedile G, Rizzo AR, De Vivo G, Accrocca F, Bartoli S. Isolated popliteal artery lesion due to giant cell vasculitis post COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and COVID-19 asymptomatic infection. Vascular 2024; 32:226-230. [PMID: 36200437 PMCID: PMC9535462 DOI: 10.1177/17085381221126234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a rare granulomatous vasculitis, affecting medium and large vessels, usually in old patients. The incidence of GCA has been higher during current COVID-19 pandemia and COVID-19 is recognized for its immune dysregulation. Lower limbs involvement is uncommon but can be limb threatening, resulting in limb loss. METHOD A 43-year-old man presented with a sudden pain in his right calf and foot associated with pallor and hypothermia, and there was objective evidence of ischemia. Symptoms began few days after he received the first dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and COVID-19 asymptomatic infection 20 days after vaccination. He had no history of any signs of claudication pre-COVID or limb trauma and was very fit.Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)suggest diagnosis of popliteal artery cystic adventitial disease. We resected the affected popliteal artery with interposition using a right great saphenous vein graft, through a posterior approach. On the fourth postoperative day, he was discharged.Histopathological examination revealed patchy intramural inflammatory infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and rare multinucleated giant cells at the internal lamina and adventitia consistent with a diagnosis of GCA. CONCLUSION AND RESULT Our case represents the first reported case of isolated popliteal GCA following vaccination with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and COVID-19 infection. We propose that the upregulated immune response to the vaccine acted as a trigger for GCA in this patient with predisposing risk factors and recurrent and repetitive microtrauma in popliteal fossa (the patient is a professional runner). Our case suggests the need for further studies about real world incidence of GCA associated vaccination and COVID-19 infection. Currently, data is limited regarding this relationship. We continue to encourage COVID-19 vaccination, even in elderly patients because the benefits of vaccination far outweigh any theoretical risk of immune dysregulation following administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gabrielli
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Siani
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Smedile
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Rizzo
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Vivo
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Accrocca
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bartoli
- Unit of Vascular, Endovascular and Emergency Vascular Surgery, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Reinig S, Shih SR. Non-neutralizing functions in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Biomed J 2024; 47:100666. [PMID: 37778697 PMCID: PMC10825350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals infected with or vaccinated against COVID-19 develop antigenic neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Although neutralizing antibodies are biomarkers of the adaptive immune response, their mere presence is insufficient to explain the protection afforded against the disease or its pathology. IgG exhibits other secondary effector functions that activate innate immune components, including complement, natural killer cells, and macrophages. The affinity for effector cells depends on the isotypes and glycosylation of IgG antibodies. The anti-spike IgG titer should be sufficient to provide significant Fc-mediated effects in severe COVID-19, mRNA, and protein subunit vaccinations. In combination with aberrant effector cells, pro-inflammatory afucosylated IgG1 and IgG3 may be detrimental in severe COVID-19. The antibody response of mRNA vaccines leads to higher fucosylation and a less inflammatory IgG profile, with a long-term shift to IgG4, which is correlated with protection from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reinig
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Sharma P, Hoorn D, Aitha A, Breier D, Peer D. The immunostimulatory nature of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115175. [PMID: 38218350 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
mRNA-Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are at the forefront of global medical research. With the development of mRNA-LNP vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical potential of this platform was unleashed. Upon administering 16 billion doses that protected billions of people, it became clear that a fraction of them witnessed mild and in some cases even severe adverse effects. Therefore, it is paramount to define the safety along with the therapeutic efficacy of the mRNA-LNP platform for the successful translation of new genetic medicines based on this technology. While mRNA was the effector molecule of this platform, the ionizable lipid component of the LNPs played an indispensable role in its success. However, both of these components possess the ability to induce undesired immunostimulation, which is an area that needs to be addressed systematically. The immune cell agitation caused by this platform is a two-edged sword as it may prove beneficial for vaccination but detrimental to other applications. Therefore, a key challenge in advancing the mRNA-LNP drug delivery platform from bench to bedside is understanding the immunostimulatory behavior of these components. Herein, we provide a detailed overview of the structural modifications and immunogenicity of synthetic mRNA. We discuss the effect of ionizable lipid structure on LNP functionality and offer a mechanistic overview of the ability of LNPs to elicit an immune response. Finally, we shed some light on the current status of this technology in clinical trials and discuss a few challenges to be addressed to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniek Hoorn
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anjaiah Aitha
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Breier
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Nguyen Thi YV, Ngo AD, Chu DT, Lin SC, Wu CC. RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:163-176. [PMID: 38458737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that millions of people around the world experience various types of tissue injuries every year. Regenerative medicine was born and developed for understanding and application with the aim of replacing affected organs or some cells. The research, manufacture, production, and distribution of RNA in cells have acted as a basic foundation for the development and testing of therapies and treatments that are widely applied in different fields of medicine. Vaccines against COVID-19 are considered one of the brilliant and outstanding successes of RNA therapeutics research. With the characteristics of bio-derived RNA therapeutics, the mechanism of rapid implementation, safe production, and flexibility to create proteins depending on actual requirements. Based on the advantages above in this review, we discuss RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine, and the types of RNA therapies currently being used for regenerative medicine. The relationship between disease and regenerative medicine is currently being studied or tested in RNA therapeutics. We have also covered the mechanisms of action of RNA therapy for regenerative medicine and some of the limitations in our current understanding of the effects of RNA therapy in this area. Additionally, we have also covered developing RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine, focusing on RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine. As a final point, we discuss potential applications for therapeutics for regenerative medicine in the future, as well as their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Vy Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Dao Ngo
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Che Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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González-Sánchez ÓA, Zaldívar D, Cuevas E, González-Ortiz LJ. Mathematical Optimization Strategy for Effectiveness Profile Estimation in Two-Dose Vaccines and Its Use in Designing Improved Vaccination Strategies Focused on Pandemic Containment. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38250894 PMCID: PMC10819090 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since late 2019, most efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on developing vaccines. By mid-2020, some vaccines fulfilled international regulations for their application. However, these vaccines have shown a decline in effectiveness several weeks after the last dose, highlighting the need to optimize vaccine administration due to supply chain limitations. While methods exist to prioritize population groups for vaccination, there is a lack of research on how to optimally define the time between doses when two-dose vaccines are administrated to such groups. Under such conditions, modeling the real effect of each vaccine on the population is critical. Even though several efforts have been made to characterize vaccine effectiveness profiles, none of these initiatives enable characterization of the individual effect of each dose. Thus, this paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the vaccine effectiveness profile. It addresses the vaccine characterization problem by considering a deconvolution of relevant data profiles, treating them as an optimization process. The results of this approach enabled the independent estimation of the effectiveness profiles for the first and second vaccine doses and their use to find sweet spots for designing efficient vaccination strategies. Our methodology can enable a more effective and efficient contemporary response against the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as for any other disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar A. González-Sánchez
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Daniel Zaldívar
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Erik Cuevas
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - L. Javier González-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
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45
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Gao S, Guan H, Bloomer H, Wich D, Song D, Khirallah J, Ye Z, Zhao Y, Chen M, Xu C, Liu L, Xu Q. Harnessing non-Watson-Crick's base pairing to enhance CRISPR effectors cleavage activities and enable gene editing in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308415120. [PMID: 38150477 PMCID: PMC10786293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308415120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA of the cyanophage S-2L virus is composed of 2-aminoadenine (Z), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), forming the genetic alphabet ZTGC, which violates Watson-Crick base pairing rules. The Z-base has an extra amino group on the two position that allows the formation of a third hydrogen bond with thymine in DNA strands. Here, we explored and expanded applications of this non-Watson-Crick base pairing in protein expression and gene editing. Both ZTGC-DNA (Z-DNA) and ZUGC-RNA (Z-RNA) produced in vitro show detectable compatibility and can be decoded in mammalian cells, including Homo sapiens cells. Z-crRNA can guide CRISPR-effectors SpCas9 and LbCas12a to cleave specific DNA through non-Watson-Crick base pairing and boost cleavage activities compared to A-crRNA. Z-crRNA can also allow for efficient gene and base editing in human cells. Together, our results help pave the way for potential strategies for optimizing DNA or RNA payloads for gene editing therapeutics and give insights to understanding the natural Z-DNA genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Huiwen Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Douglas Wich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Donghui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Jennifer Khirallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Zhongfeng Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Chutian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Lihan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA02155
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Yao J, Atasheva S, Wagner N, Di Paolo NC, Stewart PL, Shayakhmetov DM. Targeted, safe, and efficient gene delivery to human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo using the engineered AVID adenovirus vector platform. Mol Ther 2024; 32:103-123. [PMID: 37919899 PMCID: PMC10787117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery and cell-type-specific expression of gene-editing proteins in various cell types in vivo represent major challenges for all viral and non-viral delivery platforms developed to date. Here, we describe the development and analysis of artificial vectors for intravascular delivery (AVIDs), an engineered adenovirus-based gene delivery platform that allows for highly targeted, safe, and efficient gene delivery to human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo after intravenous vector administration. Due to a set of refined structural modifications, intravenous administration of AVIDs did not trigger cytokine storm, hepatotoxicity, or thrombocytopenia. Single intravenous administration of AVIDs to humanized mice, grafted with human CD34+ cells, led to up to 20% transduction of CD34+CD38-CD45RA- HSPC subsets in the bone marrow. Importantly, targeted in vivo transduction of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90-CD49f+ subsets, highly enriched for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), reached up to 19%, which represented a 1,900-fold selectivity in gene delivery to HSC-enriched over lineage-committed CD34-negative cell populations. Because the AVID platform allows for regulated, cell-type-specific expression of gene-editing technologies as well as expression of immunomodulatory proteins to ensure persistence of corrected HSCs in vivo, the HSC-targeted AVID platform may enable development of curative therapies through in vivo gene correction in human HSCs after a single intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Svetlana Atasheva
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nelson C Di Paolo
- AdCure Bio, LLC, Century Spring West, 6000 Lake Forrest Drive, Atlanta, GA 30328, USA
| | - Phoebe L Stewart
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Discovery and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Poria R, Kala D, Nagraik R, Dhir Y, Dhir S, Singh B, Kaushik NK, Noorani MS, Kaushal A, Gupta S. Vaccine development: Current trends and technologies. Life Sci 2024; 336:122331. [PMID: 38070863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing or eradicating diseases caused by pathogens, there remain certain diseases and emerging infections for which developing effective vaccines is inherently challenging. Additionally, developing vaccines for individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions presents significant difficulties. As well as traditional vaccine different methods such as inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, including viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer new strategies to address the existing challenges in vaccine development. These advancements have also greatly enhanced our understanding of vaccine immunology, which will guide future vaccine development for a broad range of diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19 and diseases that have historically proven resistant to vaccination. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of emerging non-viral vaccine production methods and their application in addressing the fundamental and current challenges in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Poria
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Deepak Kala
- Centera Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yashika Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Salik Noorani
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
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Batmunkh T, Moore KA, Thomson H, Altangerel B, Amraa O, Avaa N, Batbayar L, Batsukh K, Bright K, Burentogtokh T, Ha Do LA, Dorj G, Hart JD, Javkhlantugs K, Jigjidsuren S, Justice F, Li S, Licciardi PV, Mashbaatar K, Mazarakis N, Neal EF, Nguyen CD, Ochirbat B, Tsolmon B, Tuya A, Surenjav U, von Mollendorf C, Mulholland K. Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of a half- versus full-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) booster following a two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BBIBP-CorV, or Gam-COVID-Vac priming schedule in Mongolia: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 42:100953. [PMID: 38357398 PMCID: PMC10865044 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine booster doses restore vaccine effectiveness lost from waning immunity and emerging variants. Fractional dosing may improve COVID-19 booster acceptability and uptake and will reduce the per-dose cost of COVID-19 booster programmes. We sought to quantify the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a half-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) booster relative to the standard formulation. Methods This randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial recruited adults in Mongolia primed with a two-dose homologous ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca, n = 129 participants), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm (Beijing), n = 399), or Gam-COVID-Vac (Gamaleya, n = 70) schedule. Participants were randomised (1:1) to receive a 15 μg (half-dose) or 30 μg (full-dose) BNT162b2 booster. Participants and study staff assessing reactogenicity were blinded up to day 28. Co-primary endpoints were Wuhan-Hu-1 anti-spike S1 IgG seroresponse 28 days post-boosting and reactogenicity within 7 days of boosting. The non-inferiority margin for the absolute difference in seroresponse was -10%. Differences in seroresponse were estimated from logistic regression with marginal standardisation. Geometric mean ratios of IgG were also estimated. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05265065. Findings Between May 27th and September 30th, 2022, 601 participants were randomized to full-dose BNT162b2 (n = 300) or half-dose (n = 301). 598 were included in safety analyses, and 587 in immunological analyses. The frequency of grade 3-4 reactions was similar between arms (half-dose: 4/299 [1.3%]; full-dose: 6/299 [2.0%]). Across all severity grades, half-dose recipients reported fewer local and systemic reactions (60% versus 72% and 25% versus 32%, respectively). Seroresponse was 84.7% (250/295) and 86.6% (253/292) in the half-dose and full-dose arms, respectively (Difference: -2.8%; 95% CI -7.7, 2.1). Geometric mean IgG titres were similar in those receiving full and half-dose boosters for the ChAdOx1 and BBIBP-CorV primed groups, but lower in the half-dose arm in Gam-COVID-Vac-primed participants (GMR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.54, 0.93). Interpretation Half-dose BNT162b2 boosting elicited an immune response that was non-inferior to a full-dose, with fewer reactions, in adults primed with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BBIBP-CorV. Half-dose boosting may not be suitable in adults primed with Gam-COVID-Vac. Half-dose BNT162b2 boosting may be considered in populations primed with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BBIBP-CorV. Funding Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerryn A. Moore
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Helen Thomson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Khishigjargal Batsukh
- General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Kathryn Bright
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Tsogjargal Burentogtokh
- General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gantuya Dorj
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - John D. Hart
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | | | - Sarantsetseg Jigjidsuren
- General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Frances Justice
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Shuo Li
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Eleanor F.G. Neal
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cattram Duong Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Batbayar Ochirbat
- Mongolia Ministry of Health, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon
- National Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Alimaa Tuya
- Onoshmed Laboratory, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Claire von Mollendorf
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
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Huang S, Li Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Su W, Sanchez DJ, Mai JDH, Zhi X, Chen H, Ding X. A self-assembled graphene oxide adjuvant induces both enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses in influenza vaccine. J Control Release 2024; 365:716-728. [PMID: 38036004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral vaccine is essential for preventing and controlling virus spreading, along with declining morbidity and mortality. A major challenge in effective vaccination lies in the ability to enhance both the humoral and cellular immune responses by adjuvants. Herein, self-assembled nanoparticles based on graphene oxide quantum dots with components of carnosine, resiquimod and Zn2+ ions, namely ZnGC-R, are designed as a new adjuvant for influenza vaccine. With its high capability for antigen-loading, ZnGC-R enhances antigen utilization, improves DC recruitment, and activates antigen-presenting cells. Single cell analysis of lymphocytes after intramuscular vaccination revealed that ZnGC-R generated multifaceted immune responses. ZnGC-R stimulated robust CD4+CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh and durable CD8+CD44hiCD62L- TEM immune responses, and simultaneously promoted the proliferation of CD26+ germinal center B cells. Besides, ZnGC-R elicited 2.53-fold higher hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody than commercial-licensed aluminum salt adjuvant. ZnGC-R based vaccine induced 342% stronger IgG antibody responses compared with vaccines with inactivated virus alone, leading to 100% in vivo protection efficacy against the H1N1 influenza virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China; Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenqiong Su
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - David J Sanchez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona 91766, CA, USA
| | - John D H Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xianting Ding
- Department of Pathology, Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China; Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Delehedde C, Ciganek I, Laroui N, Rameix N, Perche F, Pichon C. Messenger RNA Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: Optimization of Formulations in the Lab. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2786:255-287. [PMID: 38814399 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3770-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Among the large variety of messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery systems, those developed with lipid-based formulations were the most widely used and efficient. In our lab, we produced different mRNA formulations made with liposomes, hybrid lipid polymer, and lipid nanoparticles. Our formulations were made with lipids bearing imidazole groups that trigger the endosomal escape of nanoparticles once protonated inside the mild acidic milieu of endosomes upon their cell uptake. Herein, we describe protocols that we used to produce, optimize, and characterize those formulations. The transfection efficiency is influenced by various factors including the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles, their efficiency to be internalized in cells, and their intracellular routing as well as their capacity to induce immune system sensors. We provide details on how to quantify the amount of mRNA nanoparticles uptake by cells and evaluate the acidity of the intracellular compartments where they are located, to investigate the endosomal escape, and to assess the activation of innate immune sensors as phosphorylation of PKR hampering mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Delehedde
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR01, Orléans, France
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Ivan Ciganek
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR01, Orléans, France
- Inserm, ART-ARNm Inserm US55, Orléans, France
| | - Nabila Laroui
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR01, Orléans, France
- Inserm, ART-ARNm Inserm US55, Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Rameix
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Federico Perche
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR01, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Innovative Therapies & Nanomedicine, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR01, Orléans, France.
- Orléans University, Château de la Source, Orleans, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Inserm, ART-ARNm Inserm US55, Orléans, France.
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