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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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2
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Yang WG, Peng YF, Yang YB, Li B, Wei YG, Liu F. Timing of hepatectomy following the Omicron variant infection for vaccinated-patients: A retrospective cohort study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:515-520. [PMID: 38281903 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Gui Yang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Fu Peng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Bo Yang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wei
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Murakami Y, Nozaki Y, Morosawa M, Toyama M, Ogashiwa H, Ueda T, Nakajima K, Tanaka R, Takesue Y. Difference in the impact of coinfections and secondary infections on antibiotic use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between the Omicron-dominant period and the pre-Omicron period. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:853-859. [PMID: 38428674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the effect of coinfections and/or secondary infections on antibiotic use in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHOD Days of therapy per 100 bed days (DOT) in a COVID-19 ward were compared between 2022 (Omicron period) and 2021 (pre-Omicron period). Antibiotics were categorized as antibiotics predominantly used for community-acquired infections (CAIs) and antibiotics predominantly used for health care-associated infections (HAIs). Bacterial and/or fungal infections which were proved or assumed on admission were defined as coinfections. Secondary infections were defined as infections that occurred following COVID-19. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron period were older and had more comorbidities. Coinfections were more common in the Omicron period than in the pre-Omicron period (44.4% [100/225] versus 0.8% [2/257], respectively, p < 0.001), and the mean DOT of antibiotics for CAIs was significantly increased in the Omicron period (from 3.60 to 17.84, p < 0.001). Secondary infection rate tended to be higher in the Omicron period (p = 0.097). Mean DOT of antibiotics for HAIs were appeared to be lower in the COVID-19 ward than in the general ward (pre-Omicron, 3.33 versus 6.37, respectively; Omicron, 3.84 versus 5.22, respectively). No multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms were isolated in the COVID-19 ward. CONCLUSION Antibiotic use for CAIs was limited in the pre-Omicron period but increased in the Omicron period because of a high coinfection rate on admission. With the antimicrobial stewardship, excessive use of antibiotics for HAIs was avoided in the COVID-19 ward during both periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, Aichi, 479-8510, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Nozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, Aichi, 479-8510, Japan.
| | - Mika Morosawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, Aichi, 479-8510, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Toyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, Aichi, 479-8510, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ogashiwa
- Department of Clinical Technology, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, Aichi, 479-8510, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryoya Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, 479-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tokoname City Hospital, 3-3-3 Asukadai, Tokoname, 479-8510, Japan.
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Rosen EA, Krantz EM, McCulloch DJ, Wilson MH, Tverdek F, Escobar ZK, Drucker D, Sanchez E, Oshima MU, Mielcarek M, Gauthier J, Pergam SA, Hill JA, Liu C. COVID-19 Outcomes Among Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Recipients in the Era of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants and COVID-19 Therapeutics. Transplant Cell Ther 2024:S2666-6367(24)00590-6. [PMID: 39179107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recipients of cellular therapies, including hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy, are at risk for poor outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are limited data describing outcomes among patients in the pre- and early post-cellular therapy period during the Omicron era when multiple antiviral therapeutics were widely available. OBJECTIVES Describe COVID-19 treatment and outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the pre- or early post-cellular therapy period. STUDY DESIGN This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of adult HCT and CART recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the pre- and early post-cellular therapy period who tested positive for COVID-19 at our cancer center between January 1, 2022 and March 1, 2023. Primary outcomes were 30-day COVID-19-related hospitalization and death. A secondary outcome was development of persistent COVID-19, defined by a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 31-90 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS Among 65 patients included, 52 (80%) received at least one COVID-19 therapeutic. The most common treatment after initial COVID-19 diagnosis was nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (29%), followed by monoclonal antibody therapy (26%) and remdesivir (11%). Of the 64 patients with at least 30 days of follow-up, 8 (12%) had at least one COVID-19-related hospitalization and one patient died, though cause of death was not due to COVID-19. Of the 8 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, one had severe disease and 7 had mild or moderate infection. Persistent COVID-19 was observed in 13/65 (20%) patients, with 4 patients requiring additional antiviral therapy. Three pre-cellular therapy patients had delays in receiving cellular therapy due to persistent COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS During the Omicron era, rates of 30-day COVID-19-related hospitalization and death were relatively low in this cohort of pre- and early post-HCT and CART recipients, the majority of whom received treatment with at least one antiviral agent. Persistent COVID-19 occurred in 1 in 5 patients in the peri-cellular therapy period and led to cellular therapy treatment delays in several patients, highlighting the need for new COVID-19 treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Krantz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise J McCulloch
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie H Wilson
- Department of Quality, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Frank Tverdek
- Department of Pharmacy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zahra Kassamali Escobar
- Department of Pharmacy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darra Drucker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eduardo Sanchez
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masumi Ueda Oshima
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Mielcarek
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven A Pergam
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tateishi S, Hamada K, Emoto N, Abe K, Abe K, Kawasaki Y, Sunohara M, Moriya K, Katayama H, Tsutsumi T, Murakami Y, Suzuki Y, Yotsuyanagi H, Yanagimoto S. Facility wastewater monitoring as an effective tool for pandemic infection control: An experience in COVID-19 pandemic with long-term monitoring. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00231-9. [PMID: 39173741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the first report of a novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, the infection has spread rapidly and had a significant impact on our lives. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no adequate testing system in place, despite an urgent need for infection control measures in student dormitories. METHODS We have been monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as part of our infection control efforts in the university facilities since fall 2020. In the four dormitories, absorbent cotton was placed in the drains that the facility wastewater passed through, and samples were collected twice a week and processed by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The dormitory residents were informed of the monitoring results the next morning. RESULTS The positivity of residents in the dormitories was highly consistent with the positivity of wastewater. Wastewater was positive in 89% of cases before any residents were tested and found positive. Facility wastewater monitoring showed sensitivities of 80.4% and specificities of 87.6%. No traceable resident-to-resident transmission of infection within the facility was confirmed during the study period. CONCLUSION Sampling a single wastewater outlet in a building for SARS-CoV-2 PCR can effectively indicate the presence or absence of COVID-19 cases and be very useful for infection control of a facility. This simple and effective monitoring is applicable to future outbreaks of both emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tateishi
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo.
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo.
| | - Noriko Emoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo.
| | - Kazumi Abe
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo.
| | | | | | | | - Kyoji Moriya
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo; The Center for education and research of infection prevention and control, Tokyo Healthcare University; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Department of Infection Control and Prevention.
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo.
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Department of Infection Control and Prevention.
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo.
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.
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Lin K, Cai J, Guo J, Zhang H, Sun G, Wang X, Zhu K, Xue Q, Zhu F, Wang P, Yuan G, Sun Y, Wang S, Ai J, Zhang W. Multi-omics landscapes reveal heterogeneity in long COVID patients characterized with enhanced neutrophil activity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:753. [PMID: 39135185 PMCID: PMC11318262 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omicron variant impacts populations with its rapid contagiousness, and part of patients suffered from persistent symptoms termed as long COVID. The molecular and immune mechanisms of this currently dominant global variant leading to long COVID remain unclear, due to long COVID heterogeneity across populations. METHODS We recruited 66 participants in total, 22 out of 66 were healthy control without COVID-19 infection history, and 22 complaining about long COVID symptoms 6 months after first infection of Omicron, referred as long COVID (LC) Group. The left ones were defined as non-long COVID (NLC) Group. We profiled them via plasma neutralizing antibody titer, SARS-CoV-2 viral load, transcriptomic and proteomics screening, and machine learning. RESULTS No serum residual SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the participants 6 months post COVID-19 infection. No significant difference in neutralizing antibody titers was found between the long COVID (LC) Group and the non-long COVID (NLC) Group. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling allow the stratification of long COVID into neutrophil function upregulated (NU-LC) and downregulated types (ND-LC). The NU-LC, identifiable through a refined set of 5 blood gene markers (ABCA13, CEACAM6, CRISP3, CTSG and BPI), displays evidence of relatively higher neutrophil counts and function of degranulation than the ND-LC at 6 months after infection, while recovered at 12 months post COVID-19. CONCLUSION The transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed heterogeneity among long COVID patients. We discovered a subgroup of long COVID population characterized by neutrophil activation, which might associate with the development of psychiatric symptoms and indicate a higher inflammatory state. Meanwhile, a cluster of 5 genes was manually curated as the most potent discriminators of NU-LC from long COVID population. This study can serve as a foundational exploration of the heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of long COVID and assist in therapeutic targeting and detailed epidemiological investigation of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianpeng Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangqiang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanlin Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanmin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhan H, Liu X, Li X, Cui J, Li H, Feng S, Cheng L, Li X, Guo S, Li Y. Immune and inflammation features of severe and critical Omicron infected patients during Omicron wave in China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:809. [PMID: 39123106 PMCID: PMC11316362 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the baseline immune and inflammatory features and in-hospital outcomes of patients infected with the Omicron variant (PIWO) who presented with different disease severities during the first wave of mass Omicron infections in the Chinese population has occurred. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 hospitalized PIWO between December 11, 2022, and February 16, 2023. The clinical features, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, immune cells, and inflammatory cytokines among mildly, severely, and critically ill PIWO at baseline and during follow-up period were compared. RESULT Patients with severe (n = 49) and critical (n = 35) disease were primarily male, needed invasive mechanical ventilation treatment, and exhibited higher mortality than those with mild disease (n = 56). During acute infection, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels fluctuated with disease severity, serum antibodies increased and the incidence of severe cases decreased in critically ill PIWO over time. Antibody titers in severe or critical PIWO with no antibody responses at baseline did not increase significantly over time. Meanwhile, CD4+T cell, CD8+T cell, and natural killer cell counts were negatively correlated with disease severity, whereas interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were positively correlated. In addition, combined diabetes, immunosuppressive therapy before infection, serum amyloid A, IL-10 and neutrophil counts were independently associated with severe and critical illness in PIWO. Among the 11 nonsurvivors, 8, 2, 1 died of respiratory failure, sudden cardiac death, and renal failure, respectively. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors exhibited lower seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody, reduced CD3+T and CD4+T cell counts, and higher IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. Of note, lactate dehydrogenase was a significant risk factor of death in severe or critically ill PIWO. CONCLUSION This present study assessed the dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, immune cells and inflammatory indexes between severely and critically ill PIWO. Critical and dead PIWO featured compromised humoral immune response and excessive inflammation, which broadened the understanding of the pathophysiology of Omicron infection and provides warning markers for severe disease and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding First Central HospitalBaoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No. 320, Great Wall North Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding First Central HospitalBaoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No. 320, Great Wall North Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, NO.11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding First Central HospitalBaoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No. 320, Great Wall North Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Sha Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding First Central HospitalBaoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No. 320, Great Wall North Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding First Central HospitalBaoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No. 320, Great Wall North Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No. 320, Great Wall North Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.
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8
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Jing FF, Zhou J, Ge J, Wang X, Tang M, Zhao S, Cui Y, Bai L, Xia X, Chen Y, Shen D, Chen H, Wen J, Hu L, Lu R. A repeated cross-sectional pilot study of the relationship between perceived a community with shared future for doctor-patient and benefit finding: the mediating role of health self-consciousness and moderating role of anxiety. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:430. [PMID: 39118145 PMCID: PMC11308305 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since January 8, 2023, China has managed COVID-19 as a Class-B infectious disease, marking the epidemic's transition to a low-level stage. This study analyzes the relationship between the public's perceived a community with shared future for doctor-patient (PCSF), health self-consciousness, benefit finding, and anxiety in this stage. Additionally, it compares changes in these variables across different stages of COVID-19. METHODS Using a repeated cross-sectional design, three surveys were conducted respectively in three different stages of COVID-19 in China. Specifically, the first survey was conducted in Beijing, Dalian, Zhengzhou, Heihe, and Shangrao from November 13 to 20, 2021 in the outbreak stage of COVID-19, yielding 1,252 valid responses out of 1,534 collected questionnaires. The second survey was conducted in Dalian, Zhengzhou, Heihe, Shangrao, and Lanzhou from December 1 to 19, 2021 in the stable stage of COVID-19, with 872 valid responses obtained from 1,075 collected questionnaires. The third survey was conducted in Beijing, Dalian, Zhengzhou, Heihe, Shangrao, Lanzhou, and Chengdu from January 29 to February 4, 2023 in the low epidemic level stage of COVID-19, achieving 2,113 valid responses from the 2,461 questionnaires collected. RESULTS Unlike in the outbreak stage but similar to the stable stage, the public's anxiety, health self-consciousness and benefit finding decreased while PCSF was improved in the low epidemic level stage. Consistent with both the outbreak and stable stage, PCSF, health self-consciousness, benefit finding, and anxiety showed positive correlations in the low epidemic level stage, with health self-consciousness partially mediating the positive impact of PCSF on benefit finding. Unlike in the stable stage but similar to the outbreak stage, anxiety did not moderate the relationship between PCSF and health self-consciousness in the low epidemic level stage. CONCLUSIONS The public's health self-consciousness, benefit finding, and anxiety decreased, while PCSF increased in the low epidemic level stage. Furthermore, PCSF had a greater impact on benefit finding, and anxiety's impact on health self-consciousness was significantly reduced. Across different stages of COVID-19, PCSF directly increased benefit finding and also enhanced benefit finding by improving health self-consciousness. Thus, comprehensive intervention measures are beneficial in the low epidemic level stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenwick Feng Jing
- School of Management, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Jiaying Ge
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Mengjiao Tang
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Shenyu Zhao
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Yanqiu Cui
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Lijing Bai
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Xiyang Xia
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Lingmin Hu
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China.
| | - Renjie Lu
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China.
- Changzhou Institute for Advanced Study of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China.
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9
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Zhuang S, Li H, Lin Y, Huang M, Zhang W, Zhang X, Lin Y, Zhang C. The Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Orofacial Pain: A Cross-sectional Study. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00198-9. [PMID: 39098481 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 infection shows variant symptoms apart from respiratory symptoms, including the orofacial pain. We aim to research the morbidity, characteristics and potential risk factors of orofacial pain associated with COVID-19 pandemic in China from December 2022 to early 2023. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Fujian Province, China. The demographic and characteristic data of the subjects were collected and analysed. RESULTS A total of 1526 subjects responded to the survey. The morbidity of orofacial pain increased significantly before and after COVID-19 infection. (42.26% vs. 46.52%, P < .001) A total of 217 (14.22%) subjects with orofacial pain before COVID-19 infection reported the phenomenon of "COVID-19 infection with orofacial pain" (CIOP). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression showed that male (OR = 1.761, P < .001) and other symptoms of COVID-19 (OR = 1.494, P < .001) may be the risk factors for the aggravation of CIOP, while the time of first infection (OR = 0.580, P = .004) and preference for drinking tea or coffee (OR = 0.610, P = .003) may be the protective factors for the aggravation of CIOP. While, the subjects who did not concern about the spread of COVID-19 in oral treatment (OR = 0.639, P = .001), female (OR = 0.749, P = .03), education level (OR = 1.687, P < .001) and income level (OR = 1.796, P < .001), higher PSS-10 score (OR = 1.076, P < .001), and more drugs taken for infection (OR = 1.330, P < .001) were more willing to seek medical treatment. CONCLUSION The morbidity of orofacial pain appears to have increased significantly due to the COVID-19 epidemic; a number of factors can influence the CIOP including gender, infection period, and beverage preference' psychological factors, gender, education and income level can also influence the intent to seek a dentist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Stomatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Stomatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Orthopedic Bone and Joint Disease and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Fuzhou, China.
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10
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Yamaguchi D, Shimizu R, Kubota R. Development of a SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamic model for patients with COVID-19 based on the amount of viral RNA and viral titer. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:1354-1365. [PMID: 38783551 PMCID: PMC11330184 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The target-cell limited model, which is one of the mathematical modeling approaches providing a quantitative understanding of viral dynamics, has been applied to describe viral RNA profiles of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in previous studies. However, these models have been developed mainly using patient data from the early phase of the pandemic. Furthermore, no reports focused on the profiles of the viral titer. In this study, the dynamics of both viral RNA and viral titer were characterized using data reflecting the current clinical situation in which the Omicron variant has become epidemic and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have become available. Consecutive data for 5212 viral RNA levels and 5216 viral titers were obtained from 720 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a phase II/III study for ensitrelvir. Our model assumed that productively infected cells would produce only infectious viruses, which could be transformed into non-infectious viruses, and has been used to describe the dynamics of both viral RNA levels and viral titer. The time from infection to symptom onset (tinf) of unvaccinated patients was estimated to be 3.0 days, which was shorter than that of the vaccinated patients. The immune-related parameter as a power function for the vaccinated patients was 1.1 times stronger than that for the unvaccinated patients. Our model allows the prediction of the viral dynamics in patients with COVID-19 from the time of infection to symptom onset. Vaccination status was identified as a factor influencing tinf and the immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamaguchi
- Clinical Pharmacology & PharmacokineticsShionogi & Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Ryosuke Shimizu
- Clinical Pharmacology & PharmacokineticsShionogi & Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Ryuji Kubota
- Clinical Pharmacology & PharmacokineticsShionogi & Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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11
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Liu YH, Hu C, Yang XM, Zhang Y, Cao YL, Xiao F, Zhang JJ, Ma LQ, Zhou ZW, Hou SY, Wang E, Loepke AW, Deng M. Association of preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 with mortality, respiratory morbidity and extrapulmonary complications after elective, noncardiac surgery: An observational cohort study. J Clin Anesth 2024; 95:111467. [PMID: 38593491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of preoperative infection with the contemporary strain of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative mortality, respiratory morbidity and extrapulmonary complications after elective, noncardiac surgery. DESIGN An ambidirectional observational cohort study. SETTING A tertiary and teaching hospital in Shanghai, China. PATIENTS All adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) who underwent elective, noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from January until March 2023 were screened for eligibility. A total of 2907 patients were included. EXPOSURE Preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative mortality. The secondary outcomes included postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), acute kidney injury (AKI), postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative sleep quality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk of postoperative mortality and morbidity imposed by preoperative COVID-19. MAIN RESULTS The risk of 30-day postoperative mortality was not associated with preoperative COVID-19 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 0.13-1.28, P = 0.123] or operation timing relative to diagnosis. Preoperative COVID-19 did not increase the risk of PPCs (aOR, 95% CI: 0.99, 0.71-1.38, P = 0.944), MINS (aOR, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.22-1.30; P = 0.168), or AKI (aOR, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.10-1.09; P = 0.070) or affect postoperative sleep quality. Patients who underwent surgery within 7 weeks after COVID-19 had increased odds of developing delirium (aOR, 95% CI: 2.26, 1.05-4.86, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative COVID-19 or timing of surgery relative to diagnosis did not confer any added risk of 30-day postoperative mortality, PPCs, MINS or AKI. However, recent COVID-19 increased the risk of POD. Perioperative brain health should be considered during preoperative risk assessment for COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Hu
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia-Min Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yu Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Andreas W Loepke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Li H, Wan L, Liu M, Ma E, Huang L, Yang Y, Li Q, Fang Y, Li J, Han B, Zhang C, Sun L, Hou X, Li H, Sun M, Qian S, Duan X, Zhao R, Yang X, Chen Y, Wu S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Cheng G, Chen G, Gao Q, Xu J, Hou L, Wei C, Zhong H. SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced syncytia are senescent and contribute to exacerbated heart failure. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012291. [PMID: 39102426 PMCID: PMC11326701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SARS-2-S) induced cell-cell fusion in uninfected cells may occur in long COVID-19 syndrome, as circulating SARS-2-S or extracellular vesicles containing SARS-2-S (S-EVs) were found to be prevalent in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) for up to 12 months after diagnosis. Although isolated recombinant SARS-2-S protein has been shown to increase the SASP in senescent ACE2-expressing cells, the direct linkage of SARS-2-S syncytia with senescence in the absence of virus infection and the degree to which SARS-2-S syncytia affect pathology in the setting of cardiac dysfunction are unknown. Here, we found that the senescent outcome of SARS-2-S induced syncytia exacerbated heart failure progression. We first demonstrated that syncytium formation in cells expressing SARS-2-S delivered by DNA plasmid or LNP-mRNA exhibits a senescence-like phenotype. Extracellular vesicles containing SARS-2-S (S-EVs) also confer a potent ability to form senescent syncytia without de novo synthesis of SARS-2-S. However, it is important to note that currently approved COVID-19 mRNA vaccines do not induce syncytium formation or cellular senescence. Mechanistically, SARS-2-S syncytia provoke the formation of functional MAVS aggregates, which regulate the senescence fate of SARS-2-S syncytia by TNFα. We further demonstrate that senescent SARS-2-S syncytia exhibit shrinked morphology, leading to the activation of WNK1 and impaired cardiac metabolism. In pre-existing heart failure mice, the WNK1 inhibitor WNK463, anti-syncytial drug niclosamide, and senolytic dasatinib protect the heart from exacerbated heart failure triggered by SARS-2-S. Our findings thus suggest a potential mechanism for COVID-19-mediated cardiac pathology and recommend the application of WNK1 inhibitor for therapy especially in individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luming Wan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Muyi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Enhao Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linfei Huang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Qihong Li
- The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Han
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Beijing Yaogen Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xufeng Hou
- Beijing Yaogen Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sichong Qian
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Duan
- Department of Pathology, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ruzhou Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Beijing Yaogen Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gengye Chen
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Yaogen Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congwen Wei
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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13
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Nguyen HL, Hieu HK, Nguyen TQ, Nhung NTA, Li MS. Neuropilin-1 Protein May Serve as a Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:7141-7147. [PMID: 39010661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The binding of the virus to host cells is the first step in viral infection. Human cell angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the most popular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while other receptors have recently been observed in experiments. Neuropilin-1 protein (NRP1) is one of them, but the mechanism of its binding to the wild type (WT) and different variants of the virus remain unclear at the atomic level. In this work, all-atom umbrella sampling simulations were performed to clarify the binding mechanism of NRP1 to the spike protein fragments 679-685 of the WT, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants. We found that the Delta variant binds most strongly to NRP1, while the affinity for Omicron BA.1 slightly decreases for NRP1 compared to that of WT, and the van der Waals interaction plays a key role in stabilizing the studied complexes. The change in the protonation state of the His amino acid results in different binding free energies between variants. Consistent with the experiment, decreasing the pH was shown to increase the binding affinity of the virus to NRP1. Our results indicate that Delta and Omicron mutations not only affect fusogenicity but also affect NRP1 binding. In addition, we argue that viral evolution does not further improve NRP1 binding affinity which remains in the μM range but may increase immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Ho Khac Hieu
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Quoc Nguyen
- Dong Thap University, 783 Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap 81000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
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14
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Jiang XL, Song XD, Shi C, Yang GJ, Wang XJ, Zhang YW, Wu J, Zhao LX, Zhang MZ, Wang MM, Chen RR, He XJ, Dai EH, Gao HX, Shen Y, Dong G, Wang YL, Ma MJ. Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114387. [PMID: 38896777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xue-Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan 056001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Guo-Jian Yang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou 256613, China
| | - Lian-Xiang Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue-Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Er-Hei Dai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hui-Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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15
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Phadke KS, Higdon NBA, Bellaire BH. In vitro comparison of viral replication and cytopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000716.v3. [PMID: 39130731 PMCID: PMC11316578 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000716.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A myriad of coronaviruses cause diseases from a common cold to severe lung infections and pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 was discovered to be the etiologic agent of the Coronavirus pandemic and many laboratory techniques were examined for virus culture and basic and applied research. Understanding the replication kinetics and characterizing the effect the virus has on different cell lines is crucial for developing in vitro studies. With the emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, a comparison between their infectivity and replication in common cell lines will help give us a clear understanding of their characteristic differences in pathogenicity. In this study we compared the cytopathic effect and replication of Wild-Type (USA/WA1), Omicron (B.1.1.529), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants on five different cell lines; VeroE6, VeroE6 cells expressing high endogenous ACE2, VeroE6 cells expressing human ACE2 and TMPRSS2, Calu3 cells highly expressing human ACE2 and A549 cells. This data will aid researchers with experimental planning and viral pathogenicity analysis and provide a baseline for testing any future variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika S. Phadke
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Nathaniel B. A. Higdon
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Bryan H. Bellaire
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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16
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Chen Y, Ke X, Liu J, Du J, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhou T, Xiao X. Trends and factors influencing the mental health of college students in the post-pandemic: four consecutive cross-sectional surveys. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387983. [PMID: 39086428 PMCID: PMC11288898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and well-being of college students, specifically trends over time after full removal of COVID-19 restrictions, has not been well-studied. Methods Four consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in December 2022 (N = 689), March 2023 (N = 456), June 2023 (N = 300), and November 2023 (N = 601) at a university in Sichuan Province, China. Results The proportion of students with COVID-19 panic decreased from 95.1 to 77.3% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of moderate anxiety and above decreased from 18 to 13.6% (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of moderate and above depression decreased from 33.1 to 28.1% (p < 0.001), while the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased from 21.5 to 29.6% (p < 0.005). Further, the proportion of suicidal thoughts increased from 7.7 to 14.8% (p < 0.001). Suicidal thoughts and self-injuries were significantly associated with COVID-19 panic, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Students who reported being in close contact with COVID-19 patients in the past were more likely to develop PTSD. Further, COVID-19-induced panic was a risk factor for self-injury. Conclusion One year after the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall mental health of college students was not optimal. Hence, we can conclude that the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students may have already occurred. To mitigate this impact and prepare for the next major public health event, strengthening college students' mental health curricula and promoting healthy behaviors among college students should be a priority for universities and education authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhai Chen
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiong Ke
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Jun Du
- Department of Foreign Languages and Cultures, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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17
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Yamamoto H, Tamura T, Ichikawa T, Taguchi Y, Mori K, Oguri S, Suzuki R, Suzuki S, Teshima T, Fukuhara T. Generation of recombinant viruses directly from clinical specimens of COVID-19 patients. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0004224. [PMID: 38874339 PMCID: PMC11250110 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00042-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid characterization of the causative agent(s) during a disease outbreak can aid in the implementation of effective control measures. However, isolation of the agent(s) from crude clinical samples can be challenging and time-consuming, hindering the establishment of countermeasures. In the present study, we used saliva specimens collected for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-a good example of a practical target-and attempted to characterize the virus within the specimens without virus isolation. Thirty-four saliva samples from coronavirus disease 2019 patients were used to extract RNA and synthesize DNA amplicons by PCR. New primer sets were designed to generate DNA amplicons of the full-length spike (S) gene for subsequent use in a circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER), a simple method for deriving recombinant viral genomes. According to the S sequence, four clinical specimens were classified as BA. 1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB.1 and were used for the de novo generation of recombinant viruses carrying the entire S gene. Additionally, chimeric viruses carrying the gene encoding GFP were generated to evaluate viral propagation using a plate reader. We successfully used the RNA purified directly from clinical saliva samples to generate chimeric viruses carrying the entire S gene by our updated CPER method. The chimeric viruses exhibited robust replication in cell cultures with similar properties. Using the recombinant GFP viruses, we also successfully characterized the efficacy of the licensed antiviral AZD7442. Our proof-of-concept demonstrates the novel utility of CPER to allow rapid characterization of viruses from clinical specimens. IMPORTANCE Characterization of the causative agent(s) for infectious diseases helps in implementing effective control measurements, especially in outbreaks. However, the isolation of the agent(s) from clinical specimens is often challenging and time-consuming. In this study, saliva samples from coronavirus disease 2019 patients were directly subjected to purifying viral RNA, synthesizing DNA amplicons for sequencing, and generating recombinant viruses. Utilizing an updated circular polymerase extension reaction method, we successfully generated chimeric SARS-CoV-2 viruses with sufficient in vitro replication capacity and antigenicity. Thus, the recombinant viruses generated in this study were applicable for evaluating the antivirals. Collectively, our developed method facilitates rapid characterization of specimens circulating in hosts, aiding in the establishment of control measurements. Additionally, this approach offers an advanced strategy for controlling other (re-)emerging viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaya Ichikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yudai Taguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Testing, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kento Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oguri
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Begum MSTM, Bokani A, Rajib SA, Soleimanpour M, Maeda Y, Yoshimura K, Satou Y, Ebrahimi D, Ikeda T. Potential Role of APOBEC3 Family Proteins in SARS-CoV-2 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:1141. [PMID: 39066304 PMCID: PMC11281575 DOI: 10.3390/v16071141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has acquired multiple mutations since its emergence. Analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes from infected patients exhibit a bias toward C-to-U mutations, which are suggested to be caused by the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, A3) cytosine deaminase proteins. However, the role of A3 enzymes in SARS-CoV-2 replication remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated the effect of A3 family proteins on SARS-CoV-2 replication in the myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1 lacking A3A to A3G genes. The Wuhan, BA.1, and BA.5 variants had comparable viral replication in parent and A3A-to-A3G-null THP-1 cells stably expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. On the other hand, the replication and infectivity of these variants were abolished in A3A-to-A3G-null THP-1-ACE2 cells in a series of passage experiments over 20 days. In contrast to previous reports, we observed no evidence of A3-induced SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis in the passage experiments. Furthermore, our analysis of a large number of publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes did not reveal conclusive evidence for A3-induced mutagenesis. Our studies suggest that A3 family proteins can positively contribute to SARS-CoV-2 replication; however, this effect is deaminase-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- MST Monira Begum
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ayub Bokani
- School of Engineering and Technology, CQ University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Samiul Alam Rajib
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan
| | | | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Diako Ebrahimi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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19
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Min DD, Min JH. Pregnancy-related and Neonatal Outcomes during Omicron Variant-Dominant COVID-19 Pandemic among the Black-Dominant Population. Am J Perinatol 2024. [PMID: 38889887 DOI: 10.1055/a-2347-3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effect of the Omicron variant on pregnancy-related and neonatal outcomes among the Black-dominant population. STUDY DESIGN We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study during the prepandemic period from December 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020, and the Omicron surging period from December 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. A total of 518 pregnant women were admitted for delivery during the study period. Multiple gestations (n = 21) and deliveries at less than 20 weeks of gestation (n = 5) were excluded. We analyzed and compared the sociodemographic and clinical data from mothers and their neonates between the two cohorts as well as between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative mothers during the Omicron surge. Subgroup analyses were also conducted specifically among the Black-only population. RESULTS The cohorts were predominantly Black (88.6%), with smaller proportions of Hispanic (8.9%), Asian (0.8%), White (0.8%), and other ethnicities (0.8%). Of 492 singleton deliveries, 275 live births, 8 (2.8%) stillbirths, and 31 (11.3%) preterm births (PTBs) occurred during the prepandemic period, and 207 live births, 2 (1%) stillbirths, and 33 (15.9%) PTBs occurred during the Omicron wave. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of PTBs, stillbirths, medically indicated PTBs, and cesarean delivery between the two cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers were not at an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate significantly increased among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers compared with negative mothers (32.3 vs. 16.5%, p = 0.038). In subgroup analyses among Black individuals, this difference was not observed. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in pregnancy-related or neonatal outcomes in the Black-dominant population between the two cohorts. SARS-CoV-2 infection did not alter these findings except for an increased NICU admission rate among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers. KEY POINTS · Most pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave were asymptomatic.. · The Omicron wave did not increase the risk of pregnancy-related or neonatal adverse outcomes when compared with the prepandemic period.. · Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection increased NICU admission rate.. · Among Black individuals, no significant increase in adverse outcomes was observed during the Omicron pandemic..
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Min
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jae H Min
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
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20
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Tsujino S, Deguchi S, Nomai T, Padilla-Blanco M, Plianchaisuk A, Wang L, Begum MM, Uriu K, Mizuma K, Nao N, Kojima I, Tsubo T, Li J, Matsumura Y, Nagao M, Oda Y, Tsuda M, Anraku Y, Kita S, Yajima H, Sasaki-Tabata K, Guo Z, Hinay AA, Yoshimatsu K, Yamamoto Y, Nagamoto T, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Nasser H, Jonathan M, Putri O, Kim Y, Chen L, Suzuki R, Tamura T, Maenaka K, Irie T, Matsuno K, Tanaka S, Ito J, Ikeda T, Takayama K, Zahradnik J, Hashiguchi T, Fukuhara T, Sato K. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron EG.5.1 variant. Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38961765 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In middle to late 2023, a sublineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron XBB, EG.5.1 (a progeny of XBB.1.9.2), is spreading rapidly around the world. We performed multiscale investigations, including phylogenetic analysis, epidemic dynamics modeling, infection experiments using pseudoviruses, clinical isolates, and recombinant viruses in cell cultures and experimental animals, and the use of human sera and antiviral compounds, to reveal the virological features of the newly emerging EG.5.1 variant. Our phylogenetic analysis and epidemic dynamics modeling suggested that two hallmark substitutions of EG.5.1, S:F456L and ORF9b:I5T are critical to its increased viral fitness. Experimental investigations on the growth kinetics, sensitivity to clinically available antivirals, fusogenicity, and pathogenicity of EG.5.1 suggested that the virological features of EG.5.1 are comparable to those of XBB.1.5. However, cryo-electron microscopy revealed structural differences between the spike proteins of EG.5.1 and XBB.1.5. We further assessed the impact of ORF9b:I5T on viral features, but it was almost negligible in our experimental setup. Our multiscale investigations provide knowledge for understanding the evolutionary traits of newly emerging pathogenic viruses, including EG.5.1, in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tsujino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomo Nomai
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miguel Padilla-Blanco
- First Medical Faculty at Biocev, Charles University, Vestec-Prague, Czechia
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (UCH-CEU), CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnon Plianchaisuk
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mst Monira Begum
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiya Uriu
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Mizuma
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsubo
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jingshu Li
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisano Yajima
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Sasaki-Tabata
- Department of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alfredo A Hinay
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Mami Nagashima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hesham Nasser
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Michael Jonathan
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Olivia Putri
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoonjin Kim
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luo Chen
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Pathogen Structure, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Irie
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiri Zahradnik
- First Medical Faculty at Biocev, Charles University, Vestec-Prague, Czechia
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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21
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Benning L, Bartenschlager M, Kim H, Morath C, Zeier M, Schnitzler P, Bartenschlager R, Speer C. Durability of Humoral Responses after an Adapted SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Hemodialysis Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:738. [PMID: 39066376 PMCID: PMC11281374 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that an adapted SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with wildtype and BA.4/BA.5 Omicron subtype epitopes induced a broad short-term immune response in hemodialysis patients. Antibodies with protective capacity were boosted significantly after a follow-up period of 3 weeks following a fifth vaccine dose. However, data on the longevity of the humoral response after bivalent vaccination are lacking but urgently needed to make recommendations for further booster vaccinations in this patient group. This study is an extension of our previously published data including 40 patients on hemodialysis with a follow-up period of 12 months after an adapted booster vaccine dose. We performed a detailed characterization of humoral immune responses and assessed breakthrough infections. In addition, the severity of breakthrough infections was assessed using an established grading system. Anti-S1 IgG and surrogate neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased during the period of 12 months (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Live-virus neutralizing antibodies against the wildtype and the BA.5 subtype also significantly decreased over time (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, even 12 months after administration of the adapted vaccine dose, all 40/40 (100%) of hemodialysis patients showed detectable SARS-CoV-2 wildtype neutralization activity, with 35/40 (88%) also exhibiting detectable BA.5 subtype neutralization activity. During follow-up, 13/40 (33%) patients contracted a SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, among which 12 cases were categorized as asymptomatic or mild, while only 1 case was classified as moderate disease activity. Thus, bivalent booster vaccination seems to induce a sustained immune response in hemodialysis patients over a period of 12 months with breakthrough infections occurring frequently but predominantly manifesting as asymptomatic or mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Benning
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (C.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marie Bartenschlager
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (H.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (H.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (C.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (C.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (H.K.); (R.B.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (C.M.); (M.Z.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Chao Z, Selivanovitch E, Kallitsis K, Lu Z, Pachaury A, Owens R, Daniel S. Recreating the biological steps of viral infection on a cell-free bioelectronic platform to profile viral variants of concern. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5606. [PMID: 38961055 PMCID: PMC11222515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral mutations frequently outpace technologies used to detect harmful variants. Given the continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, platforms that can identify the presence of a virus and its propensity for infection are needed. Our electronic biomembrane sensing platform recreates distinct SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry pathways and reports the progression of entry as electrical signals. We focus on two necessary entry processes mediated by the viral Spike protein: virus binding and membrane fusion, which can be distinguished electrically. We find that closely related variants of concern exhibit distinct fusion signatures that correlate with trends in cell-based infectivity assays, allowing us to report quantitative differences in their fusion characteristics and hence their infectivity potentials. We use SARS-CoV-2 as our prototype, but we anticipate that this platform can extend to other enveloped viruses and cell lines to quantifiably assess virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmou Chao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 124 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ekaterina Selivanovitch
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 124 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kallitsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr., Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Zixuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr., Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Ambika Pachaury
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 124 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Róisín Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr., Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 124 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Inokuchi T, Homma T, Kitasato Y, Akiyama M, Chikasue A, Nishii Y, Ban S, Adachi T, Sonezaki A, Masuda H, Kamei H, Takenaka M, Tanaka M, Okamoto M, Hoshino T. Oral Colchicine and Low-Dose Aspirin Combination Therapy for Non-elderly, Non-severe, Early Time From Onset, Adult Outpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during "The Fifth Pandemic Wave" in Japan. Kurume Med J 2024; 70:39-45. [PMID: 38508737 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms7012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with antiviral drugs for non-severe, early time from onset, adult outpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) had not been established in 2021. However, some new variants of SARS-CoV-2 had caused rapid exacerbation and hospitalization among non-elderly outpatients with COVID-19, contributing to widespread crises within healthcare systems. METHODS From July to October 2021, we urgently assessed a therapeutic program using oral colchicine (1.0 mg loading dose, followed approximately half a day later by 0.5 mg twice daily for 5 days, and then 0.5 mg once daily for 4 days) and low-dose aspirin (100 mg once daily for 10 days), for non-elderly, non-severe, early time from onset, adult outpatients with COVID-19. To verify its effectiveness, we set loxoprofen as a control arm, and com parison of these two arms was performed. The primary outcomes were hospitalization, criticality, and death rates. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (23 receiving colchicine and low-dose aspirin [CA]; 15 receiving loxoprofen [LO]) were evaluated. Hospitalization rate was lower in the CA group (1/23; 4.3%) than in the LO group (2/15; 13.3%); however, no significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.34). No critical cases, deaths, or severe adverse events were found in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our CA regimen did not show superiority over LO treatment. However, our clinical experience should be recorded as part of community health care activities carried out in Kurume City against the unprece dented COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Homma
- Kurume Physicians Association (Kurume Naikaikai)
- Homma Cardiovascular Clinic
| | - Yasuhiko Kitasato
- Kurume Physicians Association (Kurume Naikaikai)
- JCHO Kurume General Hospital
| | | | | | - Yuuya Nishii
- JCHO Kurume General Hospital
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Ban
- Kurume Physicians Association (Kurume Naikaikai)
- Ban Clinic
| | - Takeki Adachi
- Kurume Physicians Association (Kurume Naikaikai)
- Adachi Clinic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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24
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Singh J, Anantharaj A, Kumar P, Pandey R, Pandey AK, Medigeshi GR. The Effective Inhibitory Concentration of Interferon-β Correlates with Infectivity and Replication Fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Variants. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:325-333. [PMID: 38557204 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
India saw a spike in COVID-19 cases in early 2023, and this wave of infection was attributed to XBB sublineages of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The impact of XBB wave was significantly shorter with low burden of severe cases or hospitalization as compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Although a combination of old and new mutations in the spike region of XBB.1.16 variant led to a drastic reduction in the ability of antibodies from prior immunity to neutralize this virus, additional nonspike mutations suggested a possible change in its ability to suppress innate immune responses. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of Delta, BA.2.75, and XBB.1.16 variants to interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment and found that XBB.1.16 variant was most sensitive to IFN-β. We next tested the ability of serum antibodies from healthy individuals to neutralize XBB.1.16. We showed that most of the individuals with hybrid immunity maintained a low but significant level of neutralizing antibodies to XBB.1.16 variant. Therefore, our observations indicated that both hybrid immunity because of natural infection and enhanced sensitivity to IFNs may have contributed to the low impact of XBB.1.16 infections in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janmejay Singh
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anbalagan Anantharaj
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Academic Block, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Miyashita N, Nakamori Y, Ogata M, Fukuda N, Yamura A, Ito T. Aspiration pneumonia was the most frequent cause of death in older patients with SARS-CoV-2 omicron-related pneumonia in Japan. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:2234-2236. [PMID: 38450705 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyashita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakamori
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukuda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Akihisa Yamura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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26
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Ito H, Tamura T, Wang L, Mori K, Tsuda M, Suzuki R, Suzuki S, Yoshimatsu K, Tanaka S, Fukuhara T. Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins in immunopathogenesis. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:237-247. [PMID: 38837257 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the largest single-stranded RNA virus known to date. Its genome contains multiple accessory protein genes that act against host immune responses but are not required for progeny virus production. The functions of the accessory proteins in the viral life cycle have been examined, but their involvement in viral pathogenicity remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of the accessory proteins in viral immunopathogenicity. To this end, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 possessing nonsense mutations in the seven accessory protein open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF3a, ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, ORF9b, and ORF10) was de novo generated using an early pandemic SARS-CoV-2 strain as a backbone. We confirmed that the resultant virus (termed ORF3-10 KO) did not express accessory proteins in infected cells and retained the desired mutations in the viral genome. In cell culture, the ORF3-10 KO virus exhibited similar virus growth kinetics as the parental virus. In hamsters, ORF3-10 KO virus infection resulted in mild weight loss and reduced viral replication in the oral cavity and lung tissue. ORF3-10 KO virus infection led to mild inflammation, indicating that an inability to evade innate immune sensing because of a lack of accessory proteins impairs virus growth in vivo and results in quick elimination from the body. Overall, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins are involved in immunopathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kento Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang T, Sun Z, Yao W, Zhang W, Chen Q, Zhong Y, Huang Q, Wang M, Wang H, Wu B. Associations between genetic mutations in different SARS-CoV-2 strains and negative conversion time of viral RNA among imported cases in Hangzhou: A cross-sectional study. Virus Res 2024; 345:199400. [PMID: 38763300 PMCID: PMC11137596 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have focused on factors that influence the achievement of negative conversion of viral RNA. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the genetic mutations in different SARS-CoV-2 strains on the negative conversion time (NCT) among imported cases in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, in order to provide valuable insights for developing targeted epidemic prevention guidelines. METHODS This retrospective study involved 146 imported SARS-CoV-2 cases in Hangzhou from 8 April 2021 to 11 June 2022. We compared the SARS-CoV-2-specific indicators, clinical indexes, and NCT among the wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify the correlations of NCT with mutation types/frequencies. RESULTS The mean age of the imported cases was 35.3 (SD: 12.3) years, with 71.92 % males and 28.08 % females. The mean cycle threshold (Ct) values of open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) and nucleocapsid (N) RNA were 25.17 (SD: 6.44) and 23.4 (SD: 6.76), respectively. The mutations of SARS-CoV-2 strains were mainly located in N, membrane (M), spike (S), ORF1a, ORF1b, ORF3a, ORF6, and ORF9b genes among the WT, Delta, and Omicron groups. NCT was significantly prolonged in the WT and Delta groups compared to the Omicron group. T lymphocyte, white blood cell, eosinophil, and basophil counts were dramatically higher in the WT group than the Delta group. White blood cell, red blood cell, and basophil counts were significantly lower in the Delta group than the Omicron group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the NCT of viral RNA and mutation types of viral genes of WT and Omicron strains. Additionally, NCT was markedly negatively correlated with the frequencies of five mutations in Omicron strains (ORF1b:P1223L, ORF1b:R1315C, ORF1b:T2163I, ORF3a:T223I, and ORF6:D61L). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that five mutations in Omicron strains (ORF1b:P1223L/R1315C/T2163I, ORF3a:T223I and ORF6:D61L) shortened NCT in imported SARS-CoV-2 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhou Sun
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenwu Yao
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yao Zhong
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haoqiu Wang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Beibei Wu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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28
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de Jong R, Nuiten W, ter Heide A, Hamstra W, Vreman S, Oreshkova N, Wiese KE, Gerhards NM. Adapting Real-Time Lung Function Measurements for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Studies in Syrian Hamsters. Viruses 2024; 16:1022. [PMID: 39066185 PMCID: PMC11281489 DOI: 10.3390/v16071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary function examinations are critical to assess respiratory disease severity in patients. In preclinical rodent models of viral respiratory infections, however, disease is frequently evaluated based on virological, pathological and/or surrogate clinical parameters, which are not directly associated with lung function. To bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical readouts, we aimed to apply unrestrained whole-body plethysmography (WBP) measurements in a SARS-CoV-2 Syrian hamster challenge model. While WBP measurements are frequently used for preclinical research in mice and rats, results from studies in hamsters are still limited. During unrestrained WBP measurements, we obtained highly variable breathing frequency values outside of the normal physiological range for hamsters. Importantly, we observed that animal movements were recorded as breaths during WBP measurements. By limiting animal movement through either mechanical or chemical restraint, we improved the reliability of the lung function readout and obtained breathing frequencies that correlated with clinical signs when comparing two different variants of SARS-CoV-2 post-inoculation. Simultaneously, however, new sources of experimental variation were introduced by the method of restraint, which demands further optimalization of WBP measurements in Syrian hamsters. We concluded that WBP measurements are a valuable refinement either in combination with video recordings or if average values of measurements lasting several hours are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nora M. Gerhards
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
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29
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Zhang Q, Shi L, Lin Y, Dai H, Bai Y, You P. Abnormal Serum Biochemical Results and Mitochondrial Damage of Lymphocytes in Patients with Schizophrenia and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:1321-1330. [PMID: 38933096 PMCID: PMC11199166 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s462496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated the differences in clinical biochemical values and mitochondrial mass between schizophrenia patients with and without COVID-19, so as to provide assistance to the treatment and management of COVID-19 positive patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods We undertook an exploratory, retrospective review of patient data from Dec. 6, 2022, to Jan. 31, 2023. A total of 1696 inpatients with psychosis (921 schizophrenia patients and 775 diagnosed with other mental diseases) during this period were identified. Finally, 60 schizophrenia patients were enrolled in our study, and 20 of them were infected with syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The serum biochemical levels and single-cell mitochondrial mass (SCMM) of the T lymphocytes of all schizophrenia patients were analyzed. Results The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (Cr) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 (SCZ-C) group. In addition, the SCZ-C group showed lower CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cell counts and higher SCMM of T lymphocytes compared to SCZ group. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the T-cell subpopulation counts and positive symptom scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Conclusion Our study findings showed that schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 have a phenotype of mitochondrial damage in T lymphocytes and higher serum levels of AST, ALP, Cr and LDH, which might provide evidence for treating individuals with schizophrenia during subsequent spread of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Lin
- The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huirong Dai
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Bai
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan You
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Ni R, Zhong M, Xie M, Ding Z. Comparative analysis of prognostic scoring systems in predicting severity and outcomes of Omicron variant COVID-19 pneumonia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1419690. [PMID: 38957300 PMCID: PMC11217537 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1419690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) underscores the urgent need for reliable methods to forecast the disease's severity and outcome, thereby facilitating timely interventions and reducing mortality rates. This study focuses on evaluating the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with Omicron variant-induced COVID-19 pneumonia and assessing the efficacy of various scoring systems in prognosticating disease severity and mortality. Methods In this retrospective analysis, we examined the clinical records of 409 individuals diagnosed with Omicron variant COVID-19 pneumonia. We documented the Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65, and MuLBSTA scores within the first 24 h and analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each scoring system to ascertain their predictive accuracy for disease severity and fatality risk. Results The cohort's median age was 78 years, predominantly presenting with fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Factors such as expectoration, fatigue, Glasgow Coma Scale score, lactate dehydrogenase levels, procalcitonin, creatinine levels, and co-occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome were identified as independent predictors of disease severity. Furthermore, age, oxygenation index, glucose levels, lactate dehydrogenase, and septic shock were independently associated with mortality. For severe disease prediction, the CURB-65, PSI, and MuLBSTA scores demonstrated sensitivities of 65.9%, 63.8%, and 79.7%, respectively, with specificities of 63.8%, 76.8%, and 60.9%, and AUROCs of 0.707, 0.750, and 0.728. To predict mortality risk, these scores at cutoffs of 1.5, 102.5, and 12.5 exhibited sensitivities of 83.3%, 96.3%, and 70.4%, specificities of 59.4%, 60.8%, and 65.4%, and AUROCs of 0.787, 0.850, and 0.736, respectively. Conclusion The study cohort predominantly comprised elderly individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase emerged as a significant marker for both disease severity and prognosis, sputum production, gastrointestinal symptoms, GCS score, creatinine, PCT, and ARDS as independent predictors of disease severity, and age, oxygenation index, glucose levels, and septic shock as independent mortality predictors in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Among the scoring systems evaluated, Pneumonia Severity Index demonstrated superior predictive capability for both disease severity and mortality, suggesting its utility in forecasting the clinical outcomes of Omicron variant COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Ni
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingmei Zhong
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zhen Ding
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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31
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Penrice-Randal R, Bentley EG, Sharma P, Kirby A, Donovan-Banfield I, Kipar A, Mega DF, Bramwell C, Sharp J, Owen A, Hiscox JA, Stewart JP. The effect of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity in severe models of COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582110. [PMID: 38464327 PMCID: PMC10925244 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to severe COVID-19 and potentially contribute to the emergence of variants with altered pathogenicity due to persistent infection. This study investigated the impact of immunosuppression on SARS-CoV-2 infection in k18-hACE2 mice and the effectiveness of antiviral treatments in this context during the first 7 days of infection. Methods Mice were immunosuppressed using cyclophosphamide and infected with a B lineage of SARS-CoV-2. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir, alone and in combination, were administered and viral load and viral sequence diversity was assessed. Results Treatment of infected but immune compromised mice with both compounds either singly or in combination resulted in decreased viral loads and pathological changes compared to untreated animals. Treatment also abrogated infection of neuronal tissue. However, no consistent changes in the viral consensus sequence were observed, except for the emergence of the S:H655Y mutation. Molnupiravir, but not nirmatrelvir or immunosuppression alone, increased the transition/transversion (Ts/Tv) ratio, representative of A>G and C>U mutations and this increase was not altered by the co-administration of nirmatrelvir with molnupiravir.Notably, immunosuppression itself did not appear to promote the emergence of mutational characteristic of variants of concern (VOCs). Conclusions Further investigations are warranted to fully understand the role of immunocompromised individuals in VOC development, especially by taking persistence into consideration, and to inform optimised public health strategies. It is more likely that immunodeficiency promotes viral persistence but does not necessarily lead to substantial consensus-level changes in the absence of antiviral selection pressure. Consistent with mechanisms of action, molnupiravir showed a stronger mutagenic effect than nirmatrelvir in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanor G. Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Kirby
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I’ah Donovan-Banfield
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele F. Mega
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chloe Bramwell
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Laboratories (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, UK
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Cao Z, Sun F, Ding H, Tian Z, Cui Y, Yang W, Hu S, Shi L. A retrospective analysis of the influencing factors of nucleic acid CT value fluctuation in COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron variant virus in Changchun city. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1377135. [PMID: 38947348 PMCID: PMC11211536 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with fluctuations in nucleic acid CT values in patients infected with the Omicron variant during an outbreak at a hospital in Changchun city. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on general information, medical history, vaccination history, and laboratory test data of COVID-19 patients infected with the Omicron variant and admitted to the hospital in Changchun from March 2022 to April 2022. The study aimed to explore the factors influencing nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in COVID-19 patients infected with the Omicron variant in Changchun city. Results Fluctuations in nucleic acid CT values were significantly correlated with occupation composition (p = 0.030), hospital stay duration (p = 0.000), heart rate (p = 0.026), creatinine (p = 0.011), platelet count (p = 0.000), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (p = 0.045), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p = 0.017). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between hospital stay duration (p = 0.000), platelet count (p = 0.019), heart rate (p = 0.036), and nucleic acid CT value fluctuations (p < 0.05), indicating that they were independent risk factors. Red blood cell count was identified as a factor influencing nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in Group A patients. Occupation composition, direct bilirubin, and platelet count were identified as factors influencing nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in Group B patients. Further binary logistic regression analysis indicated that occupational composition and direct bilirubin are significant independent factors for nucleic acid CT value fluctuations in Group B patients, positively correlated with occupational risk and negatively correlated with direct bilirubin. Conclusion Therefore, enhancing patients' immunity, increasing physical exercise to improve myocardial oxygen consumption, reducing the length of hospital stays, and closely monitoring liver function at the onset of hospitalization to prevent liver function abnormalities are effective measures to control fluctuations in nucleic acid CT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Cao
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huan Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyu Tian
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingzi Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shaodan Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Li X, Mi Z, Liu Z, Rong P. SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis, therapeutics, variants, and vaccines. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334152. [PMID: 38939189 PMCID: PMC11208693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 with staggering economic fallout and human suffering. The unique structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying pathogenic mechanism were responsible for the global pandemic. In addition to the direct damage caused by the virus, SARS-CoV-2 triggers an abnormal immune response leading to a cytokine storm, culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome and other fatal diseases that pose a significant challenge to clinicians. Therefore, potential treatments should focus not only on eliminating the virus but also on alleviating or controlling acute immune/inflammatory responses. Current management strategies for COVID-19 include preventative measures and supportive care, while the role of the host immune/inflammatory response in disease progression has largely been overlooked. Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and its receptors, as well as the underlying pathogenesis, has proven to be helpful for disease prevention, early recognition of disease progression, vaccine development, and interventions aimed at reducing immunopathology have been shown to reduce adverse clinical outcomes and improve prognosis. Moreover, several key mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence result in an enhanced binding affinity to the host cell receptor, or produce immune escape, leading to either increased virus transmissibility or virulence of variants that carry these mutations. This review characterizes the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and their interaction with the immune system, emphasizing the role of dysfunctional immune responses and cytokine storm in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic options are reviewed, providing critical insights into disease management, exploring effective approaches to deal with the public health crises caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Fang L, Kang X, Hong Q, Xue C, Pan L, Chen J, Tang C, Sun L, Xu X, Yuan J, Du Y, Xu A. Virological and Mitochondriopathogical Characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.16 Spike. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29716-29727. [PMID: 38814480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of XBB.1.16 has gained rapid global prominence. Previous studies have elucidated that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 induces alterations in the mitochondrial integrity of host cells, subsequently influencing the cellular response to infection. In this study, we compared the differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between XBB.1.16 and the parental Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 and assessed their impact on host mitochondria. Our findings suggest that, in comparison with BA.1 and BA.2, XBB.1.16 exhibits more efficient spike protein cleavage, more efficient mediating syncytia formation, mild mitochondriopathy, and less pathogenicity. Altogether, our investigations suggest that, based on the mutation of key sites, XBB.1.16 exhibited enhanced infectivity but lower pathogenicity. This will help us to further investigate the biological functions of key mutation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoxin Fang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
- Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/71st Group Army Hospital of CPLA Army, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu,China
| | - Xiaofeng Kang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qian Hong
- Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/71st Group Army Hospital of CPLA Army, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu,China
| | - Chunyuan Xue
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chuanhao Tang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Liying Sun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - An Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Uno K, Hasan A, Nakayama EE, Rahim R, Harada H, Kaneko M, Hashimoto S, Tanaka T, Matsumoto H, Fujimiya H, Shioda T, Rahman M, Yoshizaki K. Predictive biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis identified in Bangladesh patients and validated in Japanese cohorts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12713. [PMID: 38830928 PMCID: PMC11148188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite high vaccination rates globally, countries are still grappling with new COVID infections, and patients diagnosed as mild dying at home during outpatient treatment. Hence, this study aim to identify, then validate, biomarkers that could predict if newly infected COVID-19 patients would subsequently require hospitalization or could recover safely with medication as outpatients. Serum cytokine/chemokine data from 129 COVID-19 patients within 7 days after the onset of symptoms in Bangladesh were used as training data. The majority of patients were infected with the Omicron variant and over 88% were vaccinated. Patients were divided into those with mild symptoms who recovered, and those who deteriorated to moderate or severe illness. Using the Lasso method, 15 predictive markers were identified and used to classify patients into these two groups. The biomarkers were then validated in a cohort of 194 Covid patients in Japan with a predictive accuracy that exceeded 80% for patients infected with Delta and Omicron variants, and 70% for Wuhan and Alpha variants. In an environment of widespread vaccination, these biomarkers could help medical practitioners determine if newly infected COVID-19 patients will improve and can be managed on an out-patient basis, or if they will deteriorate and require hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Uno
- IFN and Host-Defense Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8225, Japan.
| | - Abu Hasan
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0781, Japan
| | - Rummana Rahim
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Shoji Hashimoto
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Habikino, Osaka, 583‑8588, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Kinki Central Hospital, Itami, Hyogo, 664-8533, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0781, Japan
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Plot-81, Block-E, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuyuki Yoshizaki
- Department of Organic Fine Chemicals, Institute of Scientific and Industry Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Reichmuth ML, Heron L, Beutels P, Hens N, Low N, Althaus CL. Social contacts in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the CoMix study. Epidemics 2024; 47:100771. [PMID: 38821037 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the Swiss government enacted restrictions on social contacts from 2020 to 2022. In addition, individuals changed their social contact behavior to limit the risk of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in social contact patterns of the Swiss population. As part of the CoMix study, we conducted a survey consisting of 24 survey waves from January 2021 to May 2022. We collected data on social contacts and constructed contact matrices for the age groups 0-4, 5-14, 15-29, 30-64, and 65 years and older. We estimated the change in contact numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic to a synthetic pre-pandemic contact matrix. We also investigated the association of the largest eigenvalue of the social contact and transmission matrices with the stringency of pandemic measures, the effective reproduction number (Re), and vaccination uptake. During the pandemic period, 7084 responders reported an average number of 4.5 contacts (95% confidence interval, CI: 4.5-4.6) per day overall, which varied by age and survey wave. Children aged 5-14 years had the highest number of contacts with 8.5 (95% CI: 8.1-8.9) contacts on average per day and participants that were 65 years and older reported the fewest (3.4, 95% CI: 3.2-3.5) per day. Compared with the pre-pandemic baseline, we found that the 15-29 and 30-64 year olds had the largest reduction in contacts. We did not find statistically significant associations between the largest eigenvalue of the social contact and transmission matrices and the stringency of measures, Re, or vaccination uptake. The number of social contacts in Switzerland fell during the COVID-19 pandemic and remained below pre-pandemic levels after contact restrictions were lifted. The collected social contact data will be critical in informing modeling studies on the transmission of respiratory infections in Switzerland and to guide pandemic preparedness efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L Reichmuth
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Heron
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Antwerp, Belgium; Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian L Althaus
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Kinsella PM, Moso MA, Morrissey CO, Dendle C, Guy S, Bond K, Sasadeusz J, Slavin MA. Antiviral therapies for the management of persistent coronavirus disease 2019 in immunocompromised hosts: A narrative review. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14301. [PMID: 38809102 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral agents with activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have played a critical role in disease management; however, little is known regarding the efficacy of these medications in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly in the management of persistent SARS-CoV-2 positivity. This narrative review discusses the management of persistent coronavirus disease 2019 in immunocompromised hosts, with a focus on antiviral therapies. We identified 84 cases from the literature describing a variety of approaches, including prolonged antiviral therapy (n = 11), combination antivirals (n = 13), and mixed therapy with antiviral and antibody treatments (n = 60). A high proportion had an underlying haematologic malignancy (n = 67, 80%), and were in receipt of anti-CD20 agents (n = 51, 60%). Success was reported in 70 cases (83%) which varied according to the therapy type. Combination therapies with antivirals may be an effective approach for individuals with persistent SARS-CoV-2 positivity, particularly those that incorporate treatments aimed at increasing neutralizing antibody levels. Any novel approaches taken to this difficult management dilemma should be mindful of the emergence of antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Kinsella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael A Moso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Claire Dendle
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Guy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Sasadeusz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Fujita S, Plianchaisuk A, Deguchi S, Ito H, Nao N, Wang L, Nasser H, Tamura T, Kimura I, Kashima Y, Suzuki R, Suzuki S, Kida I, Tsuda M, Oda Y, Hashimoto R, Watanabe Y, Uriu K, Yamasoba D, Guo Z, Hinay AA, Kosugi Y, Chen L, Pan L, Kaku Y, Chu H, Donati F, Temmam S, Eloit M, Yamamoto Y, Nagamoto T, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Suzuki Y, Ito J, Ikeda T, Tanaka S, Matsuno K, Fukuhara T, Takayama K, Sato K. Virological characteristics of a SARS-CoV-2-related bat coronavirus, BANAL-20-236. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105181. [PMID: 38838469 PMCID: PMC11215962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses (SC2r-CoVs) were discovered in bats and pangolins, the differences in virological characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 and SC2r-CoVs remain poorly understood. Recently, BANAL-20-236 (B236) was isolated from a rectal swab of Malayan horseshoe bat and was found to lack a furin cleavage site (FCS) in the spike (S) protein. The comparison of its virological characteristics with FCS-deleted SARS-CoV-2 (SC2ΔFCS) has not been conducted yet. METHODS We prepared human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived airway and lung epithelial cells and colon organoids as human organ-relevant models. B236, SARS-CoV-2, and artificially generated SC2ΔFCS were used for viral experiments. To investigate the pathogenicity of B236 in vivo, we conducted intranasal infection experiments in hamsters. FINDINGS In human iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells, the growth of B236 was significantly lower than that of the SC2ΔFCS. A fusion assay showed that the B236 and SC2ΔFCS S proteins were less fusogenic than the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The infection experiment in hamsters showed that B236 was less pathogenic than SARS-CoV-2 and even SC2ΔFCS. Interestingly, in human colon organoids, the growth of B236 was significantly greater than that of SARS-CoV-2. INTERPRETATION Compared to SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrated that B236 exhibited a tropism toward intestinal cells rather than respiratory cells. Our results are consistent with a previous report showing that B236 is enterotropic in macaques. Altogether, our report strengthens the assumption that SC2r-CoVs in horseshoe bats replicate primarily in the intestinal tissues rather than respiratory tissues. FUNDING This study was supported in part by AMED ASPIRE (JP23jf0126002, to Keita Matsuno, Kazuo Takayama, and Kei Sato); AMED SCARDA Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers "UTOPIA" (JP223fa627001, to Kei Sato), AMED SCARDA Program on R&D of new generation vaccine including new modality application (JP223fa727002, to Kei Sato); AMED SCARDA Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD) (JP223fa627005h0001, to Takasuke Fukuhara, and Keita Matsuno); AMED Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (JP21fk0108574, to Hesham Nasser; JP21fk0108493, to Takasuke Fukuhara; JP22fk0108617 to Takasuke Fukuhara; JP22fk0108146, to Kei Sato; JP21fk0108494 to G2P-Japan Consortium, Keita Matsuno, Shinya Tanaka, Terumasa Ikeda, Takasuke Fukuhara, and Kei Sato; JP21fk0108425, to Kazuo Takayama and Kei Sato; JP21fk0108432, to Kazuo Takayama, Takasuke Fukuhara and Kei Sato; JP22fk0108534, Terumasa Ikeda, and Kei Sato; JP22fk0108511, to Yuki Yamamoto, Terumasa Ikeda, Keita Matsuno, Shinya Tanaka, Kazuo Takayama, Takasuke Fukuhara, and Kei Sato; JP22fk0108506, to Kazuo Takayama and Kei Sato); AMED Research Program on HIV/AIDS (JP22fk0410055, to Terumasa Ikeda; and JP22fk0410039, to Kei Sato); AMED Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure (JP22wm0125008 to Keita Matsuno); AMED CREST (JP21gm1610005, to Kazuo Takayama; JP22gm1610008, to Takasuke Fukuhara; JST PRESTO (JPMJPR22R1, to Jumpei Ito); JST CREST (JPMJCR20H4, to Kei Sato); JSPS KAKENHI Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (International Leading Research) (JP23K20041, to G2P-Japan Consortium, Keita Matsuno, Takasuke Fukuhara and Kei Sato); JST SPRING (JPMJSP2108 to Shigeru Fujita); JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C (22K07103, to Terumasa Ikeda); JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (21H02736, to Takasuke Fukuhara); JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (22K16375, to Hesham Nasser; 20K15767, to Jumpei Ito); JSPS Core-to-Core Program (A. Advanced Research Networks) (JPJSCCA20190008, to Kei Sato); JSPS Research Fellow DC2 (22J11578, to Keiya Uriu); JSPS Research Fellow DC1 (23KJ0710, to Yusuke Kosugi); JSPS Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers (LEADER) (to Terumasa Ikeda); World-leading Innovative and Smart Education (WISE) Program 1801 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (to Naganori Nao); Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) under grant 23HA2010 (to Naganori Nao and Keita Matsuno); The Cooperative Research Program (Joint Usage/Research Center program) of Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University (to Kei Sato); International Joint Research Project of the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (to Terumasa Ikeda and Takasuke Fukuhara); The Tokyo Biochemical Research Foundation (to Kei Sato); Takeda Science Foundation (to Terumasa Ikeda and Takasuke Fukuhara); Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (to Terumasa Ikeda); The Naito Foundation (to Terumasa Ikeda); Hokuto Foundation for Bioscience (to Tomokazu Tamura); Hirose Foundation (to Tomokazu Tamura); and Mitsubishi Foundation (to Kei Sato).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Fujita
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arnon Plianchaisuk
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Kashima
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Izumi Kida
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiya Uriu
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamasoba
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alfredo A Hinay
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luo Chen
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lin Pan
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu Kaku
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Flora Donati
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Temmam
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, The WOAH(OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, The WOAH(OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Mami Nagashima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Keita Matsuno
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
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Guan X, Verma AK, Wang G, Roy A, Perlman S, Du L. A Unique mRNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and SARS-CoV. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:605. [PMID: 38932334 PMCID: PMC11209356 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have led to the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS outbreak, respectively. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the Omicron variant, has frequent mutations, resulting in the reduced efficiency of current COVID-19 vaccines against new variants. Here, we designed two lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccines by deleting the mutant RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (SARS2-S (RBD-del)) or by replacing this mutant RBD with the conserved and potent RBD of SARS-CoV (SARS2-S (SARS-RBD)). Both mRNA vaccines were stable at various temperatures for different time periods. Unlike SARS2-S (RBD-del) mRNA, SARS2-S (SARS-RBD) mRNA elicited effective T-cell responses and potent antibodies specific to both SARS-CoV-2 S and SARS-CoV RBD proteins. It induced strong neutralizing antibodies against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections and protected immunized mice from the challenge of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and SARS-CoV by significantly reducing the viral titers in the lungs after Omicron challenge and by completely preventing SARS-CoV-induced weight loss and death. SARS2-S (SARS-RBD)-immunized serum antibodies protected naïve mice from the SARS-CoV challenge, with its protective efficacy positively correlating with the neutralizing antibody titers. These findings indicate that this mRNA vaccine has the potential for development as an effective vaccine against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Abhishek K. Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Abhijeet Roy
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lanying Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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40
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Liu L, Wang C, Xie S, Su L, Wang C. Effect of Nasal Irrigation in Children With Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Infection. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:54S-59S. [PMID: 37329222 PMCID: PMC10290932 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231172337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of nasal irrigation on the disappearance of symptoms and nucleic acid conversion in children with Omicron variant. Methods: This quasi-experimental study included children diagnosed with asymptomatic, mild, and moderate Omicron variant infection during the isolation observation period in the Shandong Public Health Clinical Center between April 1, 2022 and May 1, 2022. The children were divided into a routine group (received Lianhua Qingwen (LhQw) Granules), isotonic saline group (received LhQw Granules combined with isotonic saline nasal irrigation), and hypertonic saline group (received LhQw Granules combined with 3% hypertonic saline nasal irrigation), respectively. The primary outcomes were the time of symptom disappearance and nucleic acid conversion time. The secondary outcomes were peripheral white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte count (LYM), neutrophil count (NEU), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: A total of 60 children (7.26 ± 3.15 years old) were included (20 per group). The average time of nucleic acid conversion in the 2 saline nasal irrigation groups was significantly reduced compared with the routine group (all P < 0.001), while the fever time and cough duration among the 3 groups were comparable (all P > 0.05). LYM count in the 2 saline nasal irrigation groups was significantly increased after treatment compared to before treatment and was significantly higher than in the routine group (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in LYM count between the isotonic and hypertonic saline groups (P = 0.76). Additionally, all children in the saline group well tolerated the treatment, and no adverse events occurred in the isotonic saline group. Conclusions: Timely use of saline nasal irrigation may promote nucleic acid conversion in children with Omicron virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of liver Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Service, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xie
- Department of liver Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Su
- Department of Medical Service, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of liver Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kawata D, Iwai H, Oba S, Komiya Y, Koike R, Miyamoto S, Kanno T, Ainai A, Suzuki T, Hosoya T, Yasuda S. Diverse pro-inflammatory ability of mutated spike protein derived from variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine 2024; 178:156592. [PMID: 38574505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 has been reported to differ among SARS-CoV-2 mutant variants. The overactivation of macrophages is involved in severe COVID-19, yet the effects of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on macrophages remain poorly understood. To clarify the effects, we examined whether mutations of spike proteins (S-proteins) affect macrophage activation. CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated with the recombinant S-protein of the wild-type, Delta, and Omicron strains or live viral particles of individual strains. Regarding IL-6 and TNF-α, Delta or Omicron S-protein had stronger or weaker pro‑inflammatory ability, respectively, than the wild-type. Similar trends were observed between S-proteins and viral particles. S-protein mutations could be related to the diversity in macrophage activation and severity rates in COVID-19 caused by various SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Iwai
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Oba
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Komiya
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hosoya
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Yasuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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Tamura T, Ito H, Torii S, Wang L, Suzuki R, Tsujino S, Kamiyama A, Oda Y, Tsuda M, Morioka Y, Suzuki S, Shirakawa K, Sato K, Yoshimatsu K, Matsuura Y, Iwano S, Tanaka S, Fukuhara T. Akaluc bioluminescence offers superior sensitivity to track in vivo dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2024; 27:109647. [PMID: 38638572 PMCID: PMC11025001 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring in vivo viral dynamics can improve our understanding of pathogenicity and tissue tropism. Because the gene size of RNA viruses is typically small, NanoLuc is the primary choice for accommodation within viral genome. However, NanoLuc/Furimazine and also the conventional firefly luciferase/D-luciferin are known to exhibit relatively low tissue permeability and thus less sensitivity for visualization of deep tissue including lungs. Here, we demonstrated in vivo sufficient visualization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using the pair of a codon-optimized Akaluc and AkaLumine. We engineered the codon-optimized Akaluc gene possessing the similar GC ratio of SARS-CoV-2. Using the SARS-CoV-2 recombinants carrying the codon-optimized Akaluc, we visualized in vivo infection of respiratory organs, including the tissue-specific differences associated with particular variants. Additionally, we could evaluate the efficacy of antivirals by monitoring changes in Akaluc signals. Overall, we offer an effective technology for monitoring viral dynamics in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsujino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kamiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- Institute for Tenure Track Promotion, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Rong N, Wu J, Zhao B, Peng W, Yang H, Zhang G, Ruan D, Wei X, Liu J. Comparison of the pathogenicity and neutrophil and monocyte response between SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1 in a lethal mouse model. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38760905 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, first identified in late 2019, has given rise to numerous variants of concern (VOCs), posing a significant threat to human health. The emergence of Omicron BA.1.1 towards the end of 2021 led to a pandemic in early 2022. At present, the lethal mouse model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 needs supplementation, and the alterations in neutrophils and monocytes caused by different strains remain to be elucidated. METHODS Human ACE2 transgenic mice were inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1, respectively. The pathogenicity of the two strains was evaluated by observing clinical symptoms, viral load and pathology. Complete blood count, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alterations of neutrophils and monocytes caused by the two strains. RESULTS Our findings revealed that Omicron BA.1 exhibited significantly lower virulence compared to the SARS-CoV-2 prototype in the mouse model. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of neutrophils late in infection with the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1. We found that the proportion of monocytes increased at first and then decreased. The trends in the changes in the proportions of neutrophils and monocytes induced by the two strains were similar. CONCLUSION Our study provides valuable insights into the utility of mouse models for simulating the severe disease of SARS-CoV-2 prototype infection and the milder manifestation associated with Omicron BA.1. SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.1 resulted in similar trends in the changes in neutrophils and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hekai Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Takada K, Orba Y, Kida Y, Wu J, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Nakagawa S, Sawa H, Watanabe T. Genes involved in the limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory airways of hamsters may be associated with adaptive evolution. J Virol 2024; 98:e0178423. [PMID: 38624229 PMCID: PMC11092350 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01784-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel respiratory viruses can cause a pandemic and then evolve to coexist with humans. The Omicron strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are now established in human society. Compared to previous strains, Omicron is markedly less invasive in the lungs and causes less severe disease. One reason for this is that humans are acquiring immunity through previous infection and vaccination, but the nature of the virus itself is also changing. Using our newly established low-volume inoculation system, which reflects natural human infection, we show that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain. Furthermore, by characterizing chimeric viruses with the Omicron gene in the Wuhan strain genetic background and vice versa, we found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a, but not the S gene, were responsible for the limited spread of the Omicron strain in the lower airways of the virus-infected hamsters. Moreover, molecular evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (M and E genes). Our findings provide insight into the adaptive evolution of the virus in humans during the pandemic convergence phase.IMPORTANCEThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are established in human society. Compared to previous strains, the Omicron strain is less invasive in the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, and causes less severe disease; however, the mechanistic basis for its restricted replication in the lower airways is poorly understood. In this study, using a newly established low-volume inoculation system that reflects natural human infection, we demonstrated that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain and found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a are responsible for replication restriction in the lower respiratory tract of Omicron-infected hamsters. Furthermore, we detected a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (especially the M and E genes) in SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these genes may undergo adaptive changes in humans.
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Grants
- 16H06429, 16K21723, 16H06434, JP22H02521 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP21H02736 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP16K21723, JP16H06432 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 22K15469, 21J01036 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20fk0108281, JP19fk0108113, JP20pc0101047 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP20fk0108401, JP21fk0108493 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP23wm0125008, JP223fa627005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP19fk018113, JP223fa627002h, 22gm1610010h0001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JPMJMS2025 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- JPMJCR20H6 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Takeda Science Foundation (TSF)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takada
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yurie Kida
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Mori M, Yokoyama K, Sanuki R, Inoue F, Maekawa T, Moriyama T. Analyzing factors affecting positivity in drive-through COVID-19 testing: a cross-sectional study. Virol J 2024; 21:111. [PMID: 38745200 PMCID: PMC11094999 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demand for COVID-19 testing prompted the implementation of drive-through testing systems. However, limited research has examined factors influencing testing positivity in this setting. METHODS From October 2020 to March 2023, a total of 1,341 patients, along with their clinical information, were referred from local clinics to the Sasebo City COVID-19 drive-through PCR center for testing. Association between clinical information or factors related to the drive-through center and testing results was analyzed by Fisher's exact test and logistic regression models. RESULTS Individuals testing positive exhibited higher frequencies of upper respiratory symptoms; cough (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.8), p < 0.001, q = 0.005), sore throat (OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.9-3.0), p < 0.001, q < 0.001), runny nose (OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8), p = 0.002, q = 0.009), and systemic symptoms; fever (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.0), p = 0.006, q = 0.02), headache (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4-2.5), p < 0.001, q < 0.001), and joint pain (OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.8-4.1), p < 0.001, q < 0.001). Conversely, gastrointestinal symptoms; diarrhea (OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.4), p < 0.001, q < 0.001) and nausea (OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1-0.6), p < 0.001, q < 0.001) were less prevalent among positives. During omicron strain predominant period, higher testing positivity rate (OR 20 (95% CI 13-31), p < 0.001) and shorter period from symptom onset to testing (3.2 vs. 6.0 days, p < 0.001) were observed compared to pre-omicron period. Besides symptoms, contact history with infected persons at home (OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.1-6.5), p < 0.001, q < 0.001) and in office or school (OR 2.9 (95% CI 2.1-4.1), p < 0.001, q < 0.001), as well as the number of sample collection experiences by collectors (B 7.2 (95% CI 2.8-12), p = 0.002) were also associated with testing results. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of factors related to drive-through centers, especially contact history interviews and sample collection skills, for achieving higher rates of COVID-19 testing positivity. They also contribute to enhanced preparedness for next infectious disease pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sasebo Memorial Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 858-0922, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Sasebo city medical association, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 857-0801, Japan
| | - Riri Sanuki
- Department of Health and Welfare, Sasebo city office, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 857-0042, Japan
| | - Fumio Inoue
- Sasebo city Health Center, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 857-0042, Japan
| | - Takafumi Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Sasebo Memorial Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 858-0922, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Fukuoka Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 810-0022, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Moriyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sasebo Memorial Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 858-0922, Japan
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Chen W, Jiang X, Liang W, Bai H, Xu M, Liu Z, Yi L, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Xie B, Zhang N, Yu J, Lu J, Xiao H, Li X. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Show Attenuated Neurovirulence Compared with the Wild-Type Strain in Elderly Human Brain Spheroids. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0376. [PMID: 38741604 PMCID: PMC11089278 DOI: 10.34133/research.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants still causes neurological complications in elderly individuals. However, whether and how aging brains are affected by Omicron variants in terms of neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence are unknown. Here, we utilize resected paracarcinoma brain tissue from elderly individuals to generate primary brain spheroids (BSs) for investigating the replication capability of live wild-type (WT) strain and Omicron (BA.1/BA.2), as well as the mechanisms underlying their neurobiological effects. We find that both WT and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 are able to enter BSs but weakly replicate. There is no difference between Omicron BA.1/BA.2 and WT strains in neurotropism in aging BSs. However, Omicron BA.1/BA.2 exhibits ameliorating neurological damage. Transcriptional profiling indicates that Omicron BA.1/BA.2 induces a lower neuroinflammatory response than WT strain in elderly BSs, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for their attenuated neuropathogenicity. Moreover, we find that both Omicron BA.1/BA.2 and WT strain infections disrupt neural network activity associated with neurodegenerative disorders by causing neuron degeneration and amyloid-β deposition in elderly BSs. These results uncover Omicron-specific mechanisms and cellular immune responses associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China,
Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Haojie Bai
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lina Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Oncology,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Baoshu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology,
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Abe K, Sugiyama A, Ito N, Miwata K, Kitahara Y, Okimoto M, Mirzaev U, Kurisu A, Akita T, Ko K, Takahashi K, Kubo T, Takafuta T, Tanaka J. Variant-specific Symptoms After COVID-19: A Hospital-based Study in Hiroshima. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:238-246. [PMID: 37574270 PMCID: PMC10999520 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms after novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 strains are unspecified. METHODS This self-administered questionnaire-based study was conducted to investigate symptoms after COVID-19 recovery at one of the main hospitals for COVID-19 treatment in Hiroshima, Japan, from September 2020 to March 2022 for patients who visited follow-up consultations after COVID-19. Study subjects were divided into four groups (Wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods) according to COVID-19 onset date. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine symptom clusters and investigate risk factors for each symptom cluster using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Among 385 patients who enrolled in this study, 249 patients had any persistent symptoms at a median of 23.5 (interquartile range, 20-31) days after COVID-19 onset. Among patients with any persistent symptoms, symptom clusters including olfactory or taste disorders, respiratory symptoms, and cardiac symptoms were found. Respiratory symptoms were more frequent among patients infected in the Omicron period compared to the Wild-type period (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-7.48). Compared to patients who recovered from mild COVID-19, patients who needed oxygen or ventilation support suffered fewer post-COVID-19 respiratory symptoms (AOR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.97) but more post-COVID-19 cardiac symptoms among them (AOR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.26-5.65). Olfactory or taste disorders were fewer among patients infected in the Omicron period compared to the Wild-type period (AOR 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.46). CONCLUSION This study revealed that symptoms after COVID-19 may vary depending on the infected strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanon Abe
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ito
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Miwata
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Mafumi Okimoto
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ulugbek Mirzaev
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Scientific Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Akemi Kurisu
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Xiang Q, Wu J, Zhou Y, Li L, Tian M, Li G, Zhang Z, Fu Y. SARS-CoV-2 Membrane protein regulates the function of Spike by inhibiting its plasma membrane localization and enzymatic activity of Furin. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127659. [PMID: 38430890 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The presence of a multibasic cleavage site in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 makes it prone to be cleaved by Furin at the S1/S2 junction (aa. 685-686), which enhances the usage of TMPRSS2 to promote cell-cell fusion to form syncytia. Syncytia may contribute to pathology by facilitating viral dissemination, cytopathicity, immune evasion, and inflammation. However, the role of other SARS-CoV-2 encoding viral proteins in syncytia formation remains largely unknown. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 M protein effectively inhibits syncytia formation triggered by Spike or its variants (Alpha, Delta, Omicron, etc.) and prevents Spike cleavage into S1 and S2 based on a screen assay of 20 viral proteins. Mechanistically, M protein interacts with Furin and inhibits its enzymatic activity, preventing the cleavage of Spike. In addition, M interacts with Spike independent of its cytoplasmic tail, retaining it within the cytoplasm and reducing cell membrane localization. Our findings offer new insights into M protein's role in regulating Spike's function and underscore the importance of functional interplay among viral proteins, highlighting potential avenues for SARS-CoV-2 therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Linhao Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Miao Tian
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Guobao Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
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Miyashita N, Nakamori Y, Ogata M, Fukuda N, Yamura A, Ishiura Y, Ito T. Invalidity of JRS atypical pneumonia prediction score in Omicron variant of COVID-19 pneumonia. Respir Investig 2024; 62:384-387. [PMID: 38452443 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated whether the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) atypical pneumonia prediction score can be adapted for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia due to Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 subvariants. METHODS We enrolled a total of 547 patients with community-acquired COVID-19 pneumonia. Of the COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 198 cases were the Omicron BA.1 subvariant, 127 cases were the Omicron BA.2 subvariant, and 222 cases were the Omicron BA.5 subvariant. Patients with extremely severe pneumonia were excluded and finally 524 patients were analyzed. RESULTS Rates of conformity for the six predictors were identical among the three Omicron groups, and high rates of conformity were observed in the following predictors: adventitious sounds; etiological agent; and a peripheral WBC count. The sensitivities of the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia based on four or more predictors were 49.0% in the BA.1 subvariant group, 58.1% in the BA.2 subvariant group, and 51.0% in the BA.5 subvariant group. The diagnostic sensitivities for Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 subvariant groups were 96.6%, 100%, and 96.4% for non-elderly (aged <60 years) patients and 28.4%, 29.7%, and 34.2% for elderly (aged ≥60 years) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Omicron variant of COVID-19, the JRS atypical pneumonia prediction score is a useful tool for distinguishing between COVID-19 pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia only in patients aged <60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyashita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Nakamori
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Bunen-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukuda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Akihisa Yamura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ishiura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Oncology and Allergology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Bunen-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
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50
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Le HT, Tran LH, Phung HTT. SARS-CoV-2 omicron RBD forms a weaker binding affinity to hACE2 compared to Delta RBD in in-silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4087-4096. [PMID: 37345564 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2222827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic sparked an unprecedented race in biotechnology in a search for effective therapies and a preventive vaccine. The continued appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) further swept the world. The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells is mediated by binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein to the cell-surface receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). In this study, using a coarse-grained force field to parameterize the system, we employed steered-molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to reveal the binding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron RBD to hACE2. Our benchmarked results demonstrate a good correlation between computed rupture force and experimental binding free energy for known protein-protein systems. Moreover, our findings show that the Omicron RBD has a weaker binding affinity to hACE2, consistent with the respective experimental results. This indicates that our method can effectively be applied to other emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thanh Le
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Hoang Tran
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thu Phung
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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