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Casula M, Fais G, Manis C, Scano P, Concas A, Cao G, Caboni P. The production of FAHFA is enhanced when Haematococcus pluvialis is grown in CO 2. Food Chem 2024; 449:139165. [PMID: 38574520 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as a potential source of bioactive compounds to be used in different fields including food and pharmaceutical industry. In this context, fatty acid esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) are emerging as a new class of compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. An existing gap in the field of algal research is the limited knowledge regarding the production of these compounds. Our research questions aimed to determine whether the microalga H. pluvialis can synthesize FAHFA and whether the production levels of these compounds are increased when cultivated in a CO2-rich environment. To answer these questions, we used a LC-QTOF/MS method for the characterization of FAHFA produced by H. pluvialis while an LC-MS/MS method was used for their quantitation. The cultivation conditions of H. pluvialis, which include the utilization of CO2, can result in a 10-50-fold increase in FAHFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Casula
- Interdepartmental Center of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fais
- Interdepartmental Center of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Manis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Blocco A, SP8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Blocco A, SP8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Blocco A, SP8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
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2
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Yan S, Santoro A, Niphakis MJ, Pinto AM, Jacobs CL, Ahmad R, Suciu RM, Fonslow BR, Herbst-Graham RA, Ngo N, Henry CL, Herbst DM, Saghatelian A, Kahn BB, Rosen ED. Inflammation causes insulin resistance in mice via interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-mediated reduction in FAHFA levels. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4605. [PMID: 38816388 PMCID: PMC11139994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation causes metabolic dysfunction, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that the innate immune transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF3) adversely affects glucose homeostasis through induction of the endogenous FAHFA hydrolase androgen induced gene 1 (AIG1) in adipocytes. Adipocyte-specific knockout of IRF3 protects male mice against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, whereas overexpression of IRF3 or AIG1 in adipocytes promotes insulin resistance on a high-fat diet. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AIG1 reversed obesity-induced insulin resistance and restored glucose homeostasis in the setting of adipocyte IRF3 overexpression. We, therefore, identify the adipocyte IRF3/AIG1 axis as a crucial link between obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance and suggest an approach for limiting the metabolic dysfunction accompanying obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Anna Santoro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Micah J Niphakis
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Antonio M Pinto
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Jasim Mohamad Al Bahar St., Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Radu M Suciu
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bryan R Fonslow
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Rachel A Herbst-Graham
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Nhi Ngo
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Cassandra L Henry
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Dylan M Herbst
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc., 10835 Road To The Cure Dr. #250, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037-1002, USA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 320 Charles St., Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 320 Charles St., Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.
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3
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Ong SM, Ng DZW, Chee TEZ, Sng AA, Heng CK, Lee YS, Chan ECY, Ooi DSQ. Plasma fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and surrogate fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids hydrolysis activity in children with or without obesity and in adults with or without coronary artery disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38812281 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
AIM Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) are a class of bioactive lipids with anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and cardioprotective properties. FAHFA hydrolysis into its fatty acid (FA) and hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) constituents can affect the bioavailability of FAHFA and its subsequent biological effects. We aimed to investigate FAHFA levels and FAHFA hydrolysis activity in children with or without obesity, and in adults with or without coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study cohort included 20 children without obesity, 40 children with obesity, 10 adults without CAD and 28 adults with CAD. We quantitated plasma levels of four families of FAHFA [palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acid (PAHSA), palmitoleic acid hydroxy stearic acid (POHSA), oleic acid hydroxy stearic acid (OAHSA), stearic acid hydroxy stearic acid] and their corresponding FA and HFA constituents using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Surrogate FAHFA hydrolysis activity was estimated as the FA/FAHFA or HFA/FAHFA ratio. RESULTS Children with obesity had lower plasma PAHSA (p = .001), OAHSA (p = .006) and total FAHFA (p = .011) levels, and higher surrogate FAHFA hydrolysis activity represented by PA/PAHSA (p = .040) and HSA/OAHSA (p = .025) compared with children without obesity. Adults with CAD and a history of myocardial infarction (MI) had lower POHSA levels (p = .026) and higher PA/PAHSA (p = .041), POA/POHSA (p = .003) and HSA/POHSA (p = .038) compared with those without MI. CONCLUSION Altered FAHFA metabolism is associated with obesity and MI, and inhibition of FAHFA hydrolysis should be studied further as a possible therapeutic strategy in obesity and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Min Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Zhi Wei Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thaddeus En Zhe Chee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Anjian Sng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Becattini B, Molinaro A, Henricsson M, Borén J, Solinas G. Adipocyte PI3K links adipostasis with baseline insulin secretion at fasting through an adipoincretin effect. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114132. [PMID: 38656871 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-PI3K signaling controls insulin secretion. Understanding this feedback mechanism is crucial for comprehending how insulin functions. However, the role of adipocyte insulin-PI3K signaling in controlling insulin secretion in vivo remains unclear. Using adipocyte-specific PI3Kα knockout mice (PI3KαAdQ) and a panel of isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors, we show that PI3Kα and PI3Kβ activities are functionally redundant in adipocyte insulin signaling. PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors have no effect on adipocyte AKT phosphorylation in control mice but blunt it in adipocytes of PI3KαAdQ mice, demonstrating adipocyte-selective pharmacological PI3K inhibition in the latter. Acute adipocyte-selective PI3K inhibition increases serum free fatty acid (FFA) and potently induces insulin secretion. We name this phenomenon the adipoincretin effect. The adipoincretin effect operates in fasted mice with increasing FFA and decreasing glycemia, indicating that it is not primarily a control system for blood glucose. This feedback control system defines the rates of adipose tissue lipolysis and chiefly controls basal insulin secretion during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Becattini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Molinaro
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Tsugawa H, Ishihara T, Ogasa K, Iwanami S, Hori A, Takahashi M, Yamada Y, Satoh-Takayama N, Ohno H, Minoda A, Arita M. A lipidome landscape of aging in mice. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:709-726. [PMID: 38609525 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging is crucial for enhancing healthy longevity. We conducted untargeted lipidomics across 13 biological samples from mice at various life stages (2, 12, 19 and 24 months) to explore the potential link between aging and lipid metabolism, considering sex (male or female) and microbiome (specific pathogen-free or germ-free) dependencies. By analyzing 2,704 molecules from 109 lipid subclasses, we characterized common and tissue-specific lipidome alterations associated with aging. For example, the levels of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate containing polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in various organs during aging, whereas the levels of other phospholipids containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. In addition, we discovered age-dependent sulfonolipid accumulation, absent in germ-free mice, correlating with Alistipes abundance determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the male kidney, glycolipids such as galactosylceramides, galabiosylceramides (Gal2Cer), trihexosylceramides (Hex3Cer), and mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols were detected, with two lipid classes-Gal2Cer and Hex3Cer-being significantly enriched in aged mice. Integrated analysis of the kidney transcriptome revealed uridine diphosphate galactosyltransferase 8A (UGT8a), alkylglycerone phosphate synthase and fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase 1 as potential enzymes responsible for the male-specific glycolipid biosynthesis in vivo, which would be relevant to sex dependency in kidney diseases. Inhibiting UGT8 reduced the levels of these glycolipids and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the kidney. Our study provides a valuable resource for clarifying potential links between lipid metabolism and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsugawa
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishihara
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Kota Ogasa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seigo Iwanami
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Hori
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Takahashi
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Wölk M, Fedorova M. The lipid droplet lipidome. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1215-1225. [PMID: 38604996 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles with a hydrophobic core formed by neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer harboring a variety of regulatory and enzymatically active proteins. Over the last few decades, our understanding of LD biology has evolved significantly. Nowadays, LDs are appreciated not just as passive energy storage units, but rather as active players in the regulation of lipid metabolism and quality control machineries. To fulfill their functions in controlling cellular metabolic states, LDs need to be highly dynamic and responsive organelles. A large body of evidence supports a dynamic nature of the LD proteome and its contact sites with other organelles. However, much less is known about the lipidome of LDs. Numerous examples clearly indicate the intrinsic link between LD lipids and proteins, calling for a deeper characterization of the LD lipidome in various physiological and pathological settings. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge in the field of the LD lipidome, providing a brief overview of the lipid classes and their molecular species present within the neutral core and phospholipid monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Wölk
- Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Germany
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7
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Nakamura M. Lipotoxicity as a therapeutic target in obesity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12568. [PMID: 38706718 PMCID: PMC11066298 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Unhealthy sources of fats, ultra-processed foods with added sugars, and a sedentary lifestyle make humans more susceptible to developing overweight and obesity. While lipids constitute an integral component of the organism, excessive and abnormal lipid accumulation that exceeds the storage capacity of lipid droplets disrupts the intracellular composition of fatty acids and results in the release of deleterious lipid species, thereby giving rise to a pathological state termed lipotoxicity. This condition induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and cell death. Recent advances in omics technologies and analytical methodologies and clinical research have provided novel insights into the mechanisms of lipotoxicity, including gut dysbiosis, epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications, dysfunction of lipid droplets, post-translational modifications, and altered membrane lipid composition. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the development of lipotoxicity and lipotoxic cardiometabolic disease in obesity, with a particular focus on lipotoxic and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, United States
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8
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Li Y, Li LX, Cui H, Xu WX, Fu HY, Li JZ, Fan RF. Dietary Iron Overload Triggers Hepatic Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Laying Hen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04149-w. [PMID: 38502261 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Iron, an essential trace element, is involved in various physiological processes; however, consumption of excessive iron possesses detrimental effects. In practical feed production, the iron content added to feeds often far exceeds the actual demand, resulting in an excess of iron in the body. The liver as a central regulator of iron homeostasis is susceptible to damage caused by disorders in iron metabolism. A model of hepatic iron overload in laying hens was developed in this study by incorporating iron into their diet, and the specific mechanisms underlying iron overload-induced hepatic injury were investigated. Firstly, this study revealed that a high-iron diet resulted in hepatic iron overload, accompanied by impaired liver function. Next, assessment of oxidative stress markers indicated a decrease in activities of T-SOD and CAT, coupled with an increase in MDA content, pointing to the iron-overloaded liver oxidative stress. Thirdly, the impact of iron overload on hepatic glycolipid and bile acid metabolism-related gene expressions were explored, including PPAR-α, GLUT2, and CYP7A1, highlighting disruptions in hepatic metabolism. Subsequently, analyses of inflammation-related genes such as iNOS and IL-1β at both protein and mRNA levels demonstrated the presence of inflammation in the liver under conditions of dietary iron overload. Overall, this study provided comprehensive evidence that dietary iron overload contributed to disorders in glycolipid and bile acid metabolism, accompanied by inflammatory responses in laying hens. Further detailing the specific pathways involved and the implications of these findings could offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Lan-Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Wan-Xue Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Hong-Yu Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Jiu-Zhi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
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9
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Awad D, Cao PHA, Pulliam TL, Spradlin M, Subramani E, Tellman TV, Ribeiro CF, Muzzioli R, Jewell BE, Pakula H, Ackroyd JJ, Murray MM, Han JJ, Leng M, Jain A, Piyarathna B, Liu J, Song X, Zhang J, Klekers AR, Drake JM, Ittmann MM, Coarfa C, Piwnica-Worms D, Farach-Carson MC, Loda M, Eberlin LS, Frigo DE. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Is a Therapeutic Target in Advanced Prostate Cancer That Promotes Metabolic Plasticity. Cancer Res 2024; 84:703-724. [PMID: 38038968 PMCID: PMC10939928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a central role in prostate cancer. To date, the major focus has centered on de novo lipogenesis and lipid uptake in prostate cancer, but inhibitors of these processes have not benefited patients. A better understanding of how cancer cells access lipids once they are created or taken up and stored could uncover more effective strategies to perturb lipid metabolism and treat patients. Here, we identified that expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), an enzyme that controls lipid droplet homeostasis and a previously suspected tumor suppressor, correlates with worse overall survival in men with advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Molecular, genetic, or pharmacologic inhibition of ATGL impaired human and murine prostate cancer growth in vivo and in cell culture or organoids under conditions mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Mass spectrometry imaging demonstrated that ATGL profoundly regulates lipid metabolism in vivo, remodeling membrane composition. ATGL inhibition induced metabolic plasticity, causing a glycolytic shift that could be exploited therapeutically by cotargeting both metabolic pathways. Patient-derived phosphoproteomics identified ATGL serine 404 as a target of CAMKK2-AMPK signaling in CRPC cells. Mutation of serine 404 did not alter the lipolytic activity of ATGL but did decrease CRPC growth, migration, and invasion, indicating that noncanonical ATGL activity also contributes to disease progression. Unbiased immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry suggested that mutation of serine 404 not only disrupts existing ATGL protein interactions but also leads to new protein-protein interactions. Together, these data nominate ATGL as a therapeutic target for CRPC and provide insights for future drug development and combination therapies. SIGNIFICANCE ATGL promotes prostate cancer metabolic plasticity and progression through both lipase-dependent and lipase-independent activity, informing strategies to target ATGL and lipid metabolism for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pham Hong Anh Cao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L. Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meredith Spradlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tristen V. Tellman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline F. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riccardo Muzzioli
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany E. Jewell
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Ackroyd
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mollianne M. Murray
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jenny J. Han
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Leng
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Badrajee Piyarathna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert R. Klekers
- Department of Abdominal Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Departments of Pharmacology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Mathiowetz AJ, Olzmann JA. Lipid droplets and cellular lipid flux. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:331-345. [PMID: 38454048 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids, serve the metabolic needs of cells, and sequester lipids to prevent lipotoxicity and membrane damage. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis and turnover, the transfer of lipids and metabolites at membrane contact sites, and the role of lipid droplets in regulating fatty acid flux in lipotoxicity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Colaço-Gaspar M, Hofer P, Oberer M, Zechner R. PNPLA-mediated lipid hydrolysis and transacylation - At the intersection of catabolism and anabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159410. [PMID: 37951382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing proteins (PNPLAs) play diverse roles in lipid metabolism. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic properties and predicted 3D structures of PNPLA1-5. PNPLA2-4 exert both catabolic and anabolic functions. Whereas PNPLA1 is predominantly expressed in the epidermis and involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis, PNPLA2 and 4 are ubiquitously expressed and exhibit several enzymatic activities, including hydrolysis and transacylation of various (glycero-)lipid species. This review summarizes known biological roles for PNPLA-mediated hydrolysis and transacylation reactions and highlights open questions concerning their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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12
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Li W, Liu Q, Qian Y, Wang C, Kong C, Sun L, Sun L, Liu H, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Jiang C, Wang S, Xia P. Adipose triglyceride lipase suppresses noncanonical inflammasome by hydrolyzing LPS. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01569-6. [PMID: 38413746 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by mouse caspase-11 or human caspase-4 is a vital event for the activation of the noncanonical inflammasome. Whether negative regulators are involved in intracellular LPS sensing is still elusive. Here we show that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a negative regulator of the noncanonical inflammasome. Through screening for genes participating in the noncanonical inflammasome, ATGL is identified as a negative player for intracellular LPS signaling. ATGL binds LPS and catalyzes the removal of the acylated side chains that contain ester bonds. LPS with under-acylated side chains no longer activates the inflammatory caspases. Cells with ATGL deficiency exhibit enhanced immune responses when encountering intracellular LPS, including an elevated secretion of interleukin-1β, decreased cell viability and increased cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, ATGL-deficient mice show exacerbated responses to endotoxin challenges. Our results uncover that ATGL degrades cytosolic LPS to suppress noncanonical inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiannv Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Kong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Cao D, Ma Y, Cao Z, Hu S, Li Z, Li Y, Wang K, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao K, Zhao K, Qiu D, Li Z, Ren R, Ma X, Zhang X, Gong F, Jung MY, Yin D. Coordinated Lipid Mobilization during Seed Development and Germination in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3218-3230. [PMID: 38157443 PMCID: PMC10870768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world due to its lipid-rich seeds. Lipid accumulation and degradation play crucial roles in peanut seed maturation and seedling establishment, respectively. Here, we utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to comprehensively identify lipids and the associated functional genes that are important in the development and germination processes of a large-seed peanut variety. A total of 332 lipids were identified; triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols were the most abundant during seed maturation, constituting 70.43 and 16.11%, respectively, of the total lipids. Significant alterations in lipid profiles were observed throughout seed maturation and germination. Notably, TAG (18:1/18:1/18:2) and (18:1/18:2/18:2) peaked at 23386.63 and 23392.43 nmol/g, respectively, at the final stage of seed development. Levels of hydroxylated TAGs (HO-TAGs) increased significantly during the initial stage of germination. Accumulation patterns revealed an inverse relationship between free fatty acids and TAGs. Lipid degradation was determined to be regulated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase, triacylglycerol lipase, and associated transcription factors, predominantly yielding oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable insights into lipid dynamics during the development and germination of large-seed peanuts, gene resources, and guiding future research into lipid accumulation in an economically important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhe Ma
- College
of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Zenghui Cao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sasa Hu
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuopeng Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Qiu
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ren
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingli Ma
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangping Gong
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mun Yhung Jung
- College
of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Liu C, Xu Q, Dong S, Ding H, Li B, Zhang D, Liang Y, Li L, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Zhong M, Cao Y, Zhang G. New mechanistic insights of anti-obesity by sleeve gastrectomy-altered gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338147. [PMID: 38375198 PMCID: PMC10875461 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The obesity epidemic has been on the rise due to changes in living standards and lifestyles. To combat this issue, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as a prominent bariatric surgery technique, offering substantial weight reduction. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie SG-related bodyweight loss are not fully understood. Methods In this study, we conducted a collection of preoperative and 3-month postoperative serum and fecal samples from patients who underwent laparoscopic SG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Jinan, China). Here, we took an unbiased approach of multi-omics to investigate the role of SG-altered gut microbiota in anti-obesity of these patients. Non-target metabolome sequencing was performed using the fecal and serum samples. Results Our data show that SG markedly increased microbiota diversity and Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Bactreoidales, and Enterobacteraies robustly increased. These compositional changes were positively correlated with lipid metabolites, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Increases of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, and Parabacteroide were reversely correlated with body mass index (BMI). Conclusion In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that SG induces significant alterations in the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroidales, as well as changes in lipid metabolism-related metabolites. Importantly, these changes were found to be closely linked to the alleviation of obesity. On the basis of these findings, we have identified a number of microbiotas that could be potential targets for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuohui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huanxin Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dexu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjuan Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linchuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoran Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yugang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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15
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Bogojevic O, Zhang Y, Wolff CD, Johnsen NK, Arevång C, Guo Z. A Chemo-Enzymatic Cascade Strategy for the Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine Incorporated with Structurally Diverse FAHFAs. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1035-1044. [PMID: 38156819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), a newly discovered class of human endogenous complex lipids showing great promise for treating diabetes and inflammatory diseases, exist naturally in extremely low concentrations. This work reports a chemo-enzymatic approach for the comprehensive synthesis of phospholipids containing FAHFAs via sequential steps: hydratase-catalyzed hydration of unsaturated fatty acids to generate structurally diverse hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), followed by the selective esterification of these HFAs with fatty acids mediated by secondary alcohol-specific Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA), resulting in the formation of a series of diverse FAHFA analogs. The final synthesis is completed through carbodiimide-based coupling of FAHFAs with glycerophosphatidylcholine. Optimal reaction conditions are identified for each step, and the substrate affinity of CALA, responsible for the catalytic mechanisms during FAHFA production, is evaluated through molecular docking. Compared to multistep lab-tedious chemical synthesis, this route, relying on natural building blocks and natural biocatalysts, is significantly facile, scalable, and highly selective, affording high yields (74-98 mol %) in each step for the construction of higher FAHFA-PC series (10/12/13-FAHFAs). The developed strategy aims to increase the availability of naturally occurring FAHFA species and provide the tools for the construction of versatile and novel analogs of FAHFA conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bogojevic
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Christian Daugaard Wolff
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Krabbe Johnsen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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16
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Rahman AA, Butcko AJ, Songyekutu E, Granneman JG, Mottillo EP. Direct effects of adipocyte lipolysis on AMPK through intracellular long-chain acyl-CoA signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19. [PMID: 38167670 PMCID: PMC10761689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoAs (LC-acyl-CoAs) are important intermediary metabolites and are also thought to function as intracellular signaling molecules; however, the direct effects of LC-acyl-CoAs have been difficult to determine in real-time and dissociate from Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling. Here, we examined the direct role of lipolysis in generating intracellular LC-acyl-CoAs and activating AMPK in white adipocytes by pharmacological activation of ABHD5 (also known as CGI-58), a lipase co-activator. Activation of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes independent of PKA with synthetic ABHD5 ligands, resulted in greater activation of AMPK compared to receptor-mediated activation with isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Importantly, the effect of pharmacological activation of ABHD5 on AMPK activation was blocked by inhibiting ATGL, the rate-limiting enzyme for triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Utilizing a novel FRET sensor to detect intracellular LC-acyl-CoAs, we demonstrate that stimulation of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased the production of LC-acyl-CoAs, an effect which was blocked by inhibition of ATGL. Moreover, ATGL inhibition blocked AMPKβ1 S108 phosphorylation, a site required for allosteric regulation. Increasing intracellular LC-acyl-CoAs by removal of BSA in the media and pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 and 2 resulted in greater activation of AMPK. Finally, inhibiting LC-acyl-CoA generation reduced activation of AMPK; however, did not lower energy charge. Overall, results demonstrate that lipolysis in white adipocytes directly results in allosteric activation of AMPK through the generation of LC-acyl-CoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Rahman
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Andrew J Butcko
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Emmanuel Songyekutu
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Emilio P Mottillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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17
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Kulminskaya N, Rodriguez Gamez CF, Hofer P, Cerk IK, Dubey N, Viertlmayr R, Sagmeister T, Pavkov-Keller T, Zechner R, Oberer M. Unmasking crucial residues in adipose triglyceride lipase for coactivation with comparative gene identification-58. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100491. [PMID: 38135254 PMCID: PMC10828586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis is an essential metabolic process that releases unesterified fatty acids from neutral lipid stores to maintain energy homeostasis in living organisms. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) plays a key role in intracellular lipolysis and can be coactivated upon interaction with the protein comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58). The underlying molecular mechanism of ATGL stimulation by CGI-58 is incompletely understood. Based on analysis of evolutionary conservation, we used site directed mutagenesis to study a C-terminally truncated variant and full-length mouse ATGL providing insights in the protein coactivation on a per-residue level. We identified the region from residues N209-N215 in ATGL as essential for coactivation by CGI-58. ATGL variants with amino acids exchanges in this region were still able to hydrolyze triacylglycerol at the basal level and to interact with CGI-58, yet could not be activated by CGI-58. Our studies also demonstrate that full-length mouse ATGL showed higher tolerance to specific single amino acid exchanges in the N209-N215 region upon CGI-58 coactivation compared to C-terminally truncated ATGL variants. The region is either directly involved in protein-protein interaction or essential for conformational changes required in the coactivation process. Three-dimensional models of the ATGL/CGI-58 complex with the artificial intelligence software AlphaFold demonstrated that a large surface area is involved in the protein-protein interaction. Mapping important amino acids for coactivation of both proteins, ATGL and CGI-58, onto the 3D model of the complex locates these essential amino acids at the predicted ATGL/CGI-58 interface thus strongly corroborating the significance of these residues in CGI-58-mediated coactivation of ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Kathrin Cerk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Noopur Dubey
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Viertlmayr
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theo Sagmeister
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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18
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Cho CH, Patel S, Rajbhandari P. Adipose tissue lipid metabolism: lipolysis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102114. [PMID: 37738733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue stores fatty acid (FA) as triglyceride in the lipid droplet organelle of highly specialized cells known as fat cells or adipocytes. Depending on the nutritional state and energy demand, hormonal and biochemical signals converge on activating an elegant and fundamental process known as lipolysis, which involves triglyceride hydrolysis to FAs. Almost six decades of work have vastly expanded our knowledge of lipolysis from enzymatic processes to complex protein assembly, disassembly, and post-translational modification. Research in recent decades ushered in the discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators and the characterization of numerous factors and signaling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This review will discuss recent developments with particular emphasis on the past two years in enzymatic lipolytic pathways and transcriptional regulation of lipolysis. We will summarize the positive and negative regulators of lipolysis, the adipose tissue microenvironment in lipolysis, and the systemic effects of lipolysis. The dynamic nature of adipocyte lipolysis is emerging as an essential regulator of metabolism and energy balance, and we will discuss recent developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hwan Cho
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanil Patel
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place New York, NY 10029 USA.
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19
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Riecan M, Domanska V, Lupu C, Patel M, Vondrackova M, Rossmeisl M, Saghatelian A, Lupu F, Kuda O. Tissue-specific sex difference in the metabolism of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567158. [PMID: 38014093 PMCID: PMC10680750 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous bioactive lipids known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. Despite their therapeutic potential, little is known about the sex-specific variations in FAHFA metabolism. This study investigated the role of Androgen Dependent TFPI Regulating Protein (ADTRP), a FAHFA hydrolase. Additionally, tissue-specific differences in FAHFA levels, focusing on the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pgWAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), plasma, and liver, were evaluated using metabolomics and lipidomics. We found that female mice exhibited higher FAHFA levels in pgWAT, scWAT, and BAT compared to males. FAHFA levels were inversely related to Adtrp mRNA, which showed significantly lower expression in females compared with males in pgWAT and scWAT. However, no significant differences between the sexes were observed in plasma and liver FAHFA levels. Adtrp deletion had minimal impact on both sexes' metabolome and lipidome of pgWAT. However, we discovered higher endogenous levels of triacylglycerol estolides containing FAHFAs, a FAHFA metabolic reservoir, in the pgWAT of female mice. These findings suggest that sex-dependent differences in FAHFA levels occur primarily in specific WAT depots and may modulate local insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. However, further investigations are warranted to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms and implications of sex effects on FAHFA metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Riecan
- Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Domanska
- Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czechia
| | - Cristina Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Maulin Patel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michaela Vondrackova
- Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czechia
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czechia
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20
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An N, Wang Y, He DX, Mei PC, Zhu QF, Feng YQ. A dataset of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids diversity in foods. Sci Data 2023; 10:790. [PMID: 37949921 PMCID: PMC10638281 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a class of bioactive lipids that show therapeutic potential for diabetes, anti-cancer and inflammation. These FAHFAs can be obtained through dietary intake, potentially improving human health. However, there is currently inadequate knowledge regarding the presence and variety of FAHFAs in different foods. Herein, we profile FAHFAs from 12 typical food samples and 4 medicinal food samples with the aid of our previous established chemical isotope labeling-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and build a comprehensive dataset of FAHFA diversity. The dataset comprised a total of 1207 regioisomers belonging to 298 different families, with over 100 families being newly discovered for the first time. Therefore, our findings contribute valuable insights into the molecular diversity and presence of FAHFA in a range of foods. This dataset serves as a foundation for further exploration of the nutritional and medicinal functions of FAHFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- School of Bioengineering and Health, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dong-Xiao He
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Quan-Fei Zhu
- School of Bioengineering and Health, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- School of Bioengineering and Health, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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21
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Mirzoyan Z, Valenza A, Zola S, Bonfanti C, Arnaboldi L, Ferrari N, Pollard J, Lupi V, Cassinelli M, Frattaroli M, Sahin M, Pasini ME, Bellosta P. A Drosophila model targets Eiger/TNFα to alleviate obesity-related insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050388. [PMID: 37828911 PMCID: PMC10651092 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation (ATM), characterized by macrophage infiltration into adipose cells. This study presents a new Drosophila model to investigate the mechanisms underlying these obesity-related pathologies. We employed genetic manipulation to reduce ecdysone levels to prolong the larval stage. These animals are hyperphagic and exhibit features resembling obesity in mammals, including increased lipid storage, adipocyte hypertrophy and high circulating glucose levels. Moreover, we observed significant infiltration of immune cells (hemocytes) into the fat bodies, accompanied by insulin resistance. We found that attenuation of Eiger/TNFα signaling reduced ATM and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, using metformin and the antioxidants anthocyanins, we ameliorated both phenotypes. Our data highlight evolutionarily conserved mechanisms allowing the development of Drosophila models for discovering therapeutic pathways in adipose tissue immune cell infiltration and insulin resistance. Our model can also provide a platform to perform genetic screens or test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alice Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sheri Zola
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carola Bonfanti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicholas Ferrari
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - John Pollard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Lupi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mehtap Sahin
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Ankara, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 10016 New York, USA
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22
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Guo S, Xiong W, Zhu J, Feng J, Zhou R, Fan Q, Zhang Q, Li Z, Yang J, Zhou H, Yi P, Feng Y, Yang S, Qiu X, Xu Y, Shen Z. A STING pathway-activatable contrast agent for MRI-guided tumor immunoferroptosis synergistic therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122300. [PMID: 37659110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The immunotherapy efficiency of stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-activatable drugs (e.g., 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, SN38) is limited by their non-specificity to tumor cells and the slow excretion of the DNA-containing exosomes from the treated cancer cells. The efficacy of tumor ferroptosis therapy is always limited by the elimination of lipid peroxides (LPO) by the pathways of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1). To solve these problems, in this study, we developed a STING pathway-activatable contrast agent (i.e., FeGd-HN@TA-Fe2+-SN38 nanoparticles) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided tumor immunoferroptosis synergistic therapy. The remarkable in vivo MRI performance of FeGd-HN@TA-Fe2+-SN38 is attributed to its high accumulation at tumor location, the high relaxivities of FeGd-HN core, and the pH-sensitive TA-Fe2+-SN38 layer. The effectiveness and biosafety of the immunoferroptosis synergistic therapy induced by FeGd-HN@TA-Fe2+-SN38 are demonstrated by the in vivo investigations on the 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The mechanisms of in vivo immunoferroptosis synergistic therapy by FeGd-HN@TA-Fe2+-SN38 are demonstrated by measurements of in vivo ROS, LPO, GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels, the intratumor matured DCs and CD8+ T cells, the protein expresion of STING and IRF-3, and the secretion of IFN-β and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiaoyang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ruilong Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qingdeng Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zongheng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Peiwei Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sugeun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zheyu Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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23
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Lam G, Noirez P, Djemai H, Youssef L, Blanc E, Audouze K, Kim MJ, Coumoul X, Li SFY. The effects of pollutant mixture released from grafted adipose tissues on fatty acid and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscles, kidney, heart, and lungs of male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122387. [PMID: 37591324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in the adipose tissue can affect the fatty acid and lipid metabolism in the body. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis was carried out to study the metabolic changes induced by internal exposure to the POPs in mouse skeletal muscle (soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius), kidney, heart, and lungs. Male donor mice were injected with a mixture of 10 POPs at concentrations of 0 × and 5 × lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL). Their adipose tissue (AT) containing the POP was then grafted onto the host mice and the metabolic change of the host mice was monitored for 3 or 21 days. The metabolites related to fatty acid and lipid metabolism were studied. For the host mice engrafted with POP-containing fat pad, there was dysregulation of the fatty acids and glycerides observed in all the organs studied 3 days after the graft. However, there was no longer a significant change in the metabolites 21 days after the graft. The difference in significant values and metabolite regulation in each of the skeletal muscles showed that the POP mixture affects different types of skeletal muscle in a heterogeneous manner. Fold change analysis showed that certain metabolites in the kidney of host mice exposed to POPs for 3 days were greatly affected. Using multivariate analysis, apart from the plantaris, most treated groups exposed to POPs for 3 days are well distinguished from the control groups. However, for host mice exposed to POPs for 21 days, apart from the kidney and heart, groups are not well-distinguished from the control group. This study helps bring new insight into the effects of the pollutants mixture released from AT on fatty acid and lipid metabolism at different periods and how the dysregulation of metabolites might result in diseases associated with the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Phillipe Noirez
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France; UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France; PSMS, Performance Santé Métrologie Société, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Haidar Djemai
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France; UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
| | - Layale Youssef
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France; UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France; UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France; UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France; UMR-S1124, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherché Médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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24
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Qin L, An N, Yuan B, Zhu Q, Feng Y. The Metabolomic Characteristics and Dysregulation of Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:1108. [PMID: 37999204 PMCID: PMC10673550 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid reprogramming metabolism is crucial for supporting tumor growth in breast cancer and investigating potential tumor biomarkers. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a class of endogenous lipid metabolites with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties that have been discovered in recent years. Our previous targeted analysis of sera from breast cancer patients revealed a significant down-regulation of several FAHFAs. In this study, we aimed to further explore the relationship between FAHFAs and breast cancer by employing chemical isotope labeling combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL-LC-MS) for profiling of FAHFAs in tumors and adjacent normal tissues from breast cancer patients. Statistical analysis identified 13 altered isomers in breast cancer. These isomers showed the potential to distinguish breast cancer tissues with an area under the curve (AUC) value above 0.9 in a multivariate receiver operating curve model. Furthermore, the observation of up-regulated 9-oleic acid ester of hydroxy stearic acid (9-OAHSA) and down-regulated 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-HSA) in tumors suggests that breast cancer shares similarities with colorectal cancer, and their potential mechanism is to attenuate the effects of pro-apoptotic 9-HSA by enhancing the synthesis of FAHFAs, thereby promoting tumor survival and progression through this buffering system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (N.A.)
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (N.A.)
| | - Bifeng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Quanfei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (N.A.)
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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25
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Teaney NA, Cyr NE. FoxO1 as a tissue-specific therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286838. [PMID: 37941908 PMCID: PMC10629996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins are transcription factors that mediate many aspects of physiology and thus have been targeted as therapeutics for several diseases including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The role of FoxO1 in metabolism has been well studied, but recently FoxO1's potential for diabetes prevention and therapy has been debated. For example, studies have shown that increased FoxO1 activity in certain tissue types contributes to T2D pathology, symptoms, and comorbidities, yet in other tissue types elevated FoxO1 has been reported to alleviate symptoms associated with diabetes. Furthermore, studies have reported opposite effects of active FoxO1 in the same tissue type. For example, in the liver, FoxO1 contributes to T2D by increasing hepatic glucose production. However, FoxO1 has been shown to either increase or decrease hepatic lipogenesis as well as adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, FoxO1 reduces glucose uptake and oxidation, promotes lipid uptake and oxidation, and increases muscle atrophy. While many studies show that FoxO1 lowers pancreatic insulin production and secretion, others show the opposite, especially in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Elevated FoxO1 in the hypothalamus increases the risk of developing T2D. However, increased FoxO1 may mitigate Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease strongly associated with T2D. Conversely, accumulating evidence implicates increased FoxO1 with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Here we review FoxO1's actions in T2D conditions in metabolic tissues that abundantly express FoxO1 and highlight some of the current studies targeting FoxO1 for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Teaney
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
| | - Nicole E. Cyr
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
- Stonehill College, Department of Biology, Easton, MA, United States
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26
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Konduri S, Schweer J, Siegel D. Short synthesis of a broadly Reactive, cell permeable serine hydrolase Fluorophosphonate-Alkyne probe. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 95:129434. [PMID: 37557924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
An abbreviated synthesis of the cell permeable fluorophosphonate-alkyne probe (FP-alkyne) for the broad assessment of serine hydrolase activity has been developed. While FP-alkyne has proven pivotal in numerous chemical biology studies access has relied on a lengthy preparation over nine steps. We have developed a four-step synthesis, starting from commercially available compounds, with three purification steps to provide a new expedited route allowing easy access to a useful tool compound for exploring serine hydrolases chemistry and biology. This route was used in our own studies to generate FP-alkyne which in turn was used to identify the enzyme responsible for Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFA) biosynthesis. The use of this route can enable the syntheses of new tool compounds in addition to improving accessibility to FP-alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srihari Konduri
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0934, United States
| | - Joshua Schweer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0934, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0934, United States.
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27
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Obis E, Sol J, Andres-Benito P, Martín-Gari M, Mota-Martorell N, Galo-Licona JD, Piñol-Ripoll G, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Jové M, Pamplona R. Lipidomic Alterations in the Cerebral Cortex and White Matter in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1887-1916. [PMID: 37196109 PMCID: PMC10529741 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis was conducted in post-mortem human grey matter frontal cortex area 8 (GM) and white matter of the frontal lobe centrum semi-ovale (WM) to identify lipidome fingerprints in middle-aged individuals with no neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, and cases at progressive stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Complementary data were obtained using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that WM presents an adaptive lipid phenotype resistant to lipid peroxidation, characterized by a lower fatty acid unsaturation, peroxidizability index, and higher ether lipid content than the GM. Changes in the lipidomic profile are more marked in the WM than in GM in AD with disease progression. Four functional categories are associated with the different lipid classes affected in sAD: membrane structural composition, bioenergetics, antioxidant protection, and bioactive lipids, with deleterious consequences affecting both neurons and glial cells favoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
- Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Lleida, Spain, Research Support Unit (USR), Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP JGol), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Pol Andres-Benito
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Martín-Gari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Daniel Galo-Licona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
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Zhang B, Xu Y, Liu J, Wu C, Zhao X, Zhou L, Xie Y. Oral Intake of Inosine 5'-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14588. [PMID: 37834038 PMCID: PMC10572334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inosine 5'-monophoaphate (IMP) is a food additive that promotes serious lipohyperplasia in the liver of C57/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice. Thus, IMP taken orally by healthy mice might also damage their health. To date, how IMP affects health after being taken by healthy animals is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the health of C57BL/6J mice affected by IMP intake. Our data revealed that C57BL/6J mice administered 255 μM IMP daily via oral gavage for 4 months caused hyperlipidemia and an increase in body fat rate. The expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) in hepatocytes increased though the administration of IMP, promoting the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The conversion of acetyl-CoA into triglycerides (TGs) was promoted by ACC1. These TGs were transported from the hepatocytes to avoid the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), causing a deficiency of acetyl-CoA in the liver, and then, the increased phosphorylated ACC2 promoted the cytoplasm fatty acids entering the mitochondria and conversion into acetyl-CoA through the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, causing a deficiency in fatty acids. Therefore, the liver showed enhanced absorption of exogenous fatty acids, which were converted into TGs, causing lipohyperplasia. In conclusion, an excessive IMP intake promotes metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (B.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Situmorang JH, Chen MC, Kuo WW, Lin SZ, Shih CY, Lin PY, Loh CH, Huang CY. 9-POHSA prevents NF-kB activation and ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in rat hepatocytes. Lipids 2023; 58:241-249. [PMID: 37604154 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver inflammation has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, leading to the development of diseases like hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and fatty liver disease. One factor that has been linked to liver inflammation is increased levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can be caused by poor diets and sedentary lifestyles that contribute to liver inflammation. There is promising research on a new class of lipids called fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), which have been shown to potentiate insulin release and exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Specifically, one type of FAHFA called 9-POHSA (palmitoleic acid ester of 9-hydroxy stearic acid) has been studied for its potential to attenuate inflammation-related indexes induced by LPS in hepatocytes, which play a critical role in the progression of liver inflammation. This study found that following LPS treatment, tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were upregulated and increased cell migration, but 9-POHSA pre-treatment attenuated the upregulation of these markers and prevented cell migration induced by LPS. Using flowcytometry analysis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to be responsible for CTGF upregulation. In addition, the effects of 9-POHSA were likely associated with its inhibition of the activation of the NF-kB. These results suggest that 9-POHSA has potential as a therapy for liver inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating inflammation-related indexes induced by LPS in hepatocytes. This study provides important insight into the mechanisms of liver inflammation and the potential for new treatments to address liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Loh
- Department of Family Medicine and Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center for Aging and Health, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Cho YK, Lee S, Lee J, Doh J, Park JH, Jung YS, Lee YH. Lipid remodeling of adipose tissue in metabolic health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1955-1973. [PMID: 37653032 PMCID: PMC10545718 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic and metabolically active organ that plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine function. Recent advancements in lipidomics techniques have enabled the study of the complex lipid composition of adipose tissue and its role in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, adipose tissue lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and identifying bioactive lipid mediators and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize recent lipidomics studies that investigated the dynamic remodeling of adipose tissue lipids in response to specific physiological changes, pharmacological interventions, and pathological conditions. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of lipid remodeling in adipose tissue and explore the recent identification of bioactive lipid mediators generated in adipose tissue that regulate adipocytes and systemic metabolism. We propose that manipulating lipid-mediator metabolism could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing or treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX Institute, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Eliaš J, Fellner K, Hofer P, Oberer M, Schreiber R, Zechner R. The Potential Roles of Transacylation in Intracellular Lipolysis and Related Qssa Approximations. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:82. [PMID: 37544001 PMCID: PMC10404580 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are crucial energy metabolites, signalling molecules, and membrane building blocks for a wide range of organisms. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the first and presumingly most crucial regulator of FA release from triacylglycerols (TGs) stored within cytosolic lipid droplets. However, besides the function of releasing FAs by hydrolysing TGs into diacylglycerols (DGs), ATGL also promotes the transacylation reaction of two DG molecules into one TG and one monoacylglycerol molecule. To date, it is unknown whether DG transacylation is a coincidental byproduct of ATGL-mediated lipolysis or whether it is physiologically relevant. Experimental evidence is scarce since both, hydrolysis and transacylation, rely on the same active site of ATGL and always occur in parallel in an ensemble of molecules. This paper illustrates the potential roles of transacylation. It shows that, depending on the kinetic parameters but also on the state of the hydrolytic machinery, transacylation can increase or decrease downstream products up to 80% respectively 30%. We provide an extensive asymptotic analysis including quasi-steady-state approximations (QSSA) with higher order correction terms and provide numerical simulation. We also argue that when assessing the validity of QSSAs one should include parameter sensitivity derivatives. Our results suggest that the transacylation function of ATGL is of biological relevance by providing feedback options and altogether stability to the lipolytic machinery in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Eliaš
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klemens Fellner
- Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Tsuji T, Tseng YH. Adipose tissue-derived lipokines in metabolism. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102089. [PMID: 37473635 PMCID: PMC10528474 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator of metabolism with functions that include energy storage and dissipation as well as the secretion of bioactive molecules. As the largest endocrine organ in the body, the adipose tissue produces diverse bioactive molecules, including peptides, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, which communicate with and modulate the function of other organs. In recent years, lipid metabolites, also known as lipokines, have emerged as key signaling molecules that actively participate in multiple metabolic processes. This review highlights the latest advances in adipose tissue-derived lipokines and their underlying cellular and molecular functions. Furthermore, we offer our perspective on the future directions for adipose-derived bioactive lipids and potential therapeutic implications for obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Ludovico ID, Sarkar S, Elliott E, Virtanen SM, Erlund I, Ramanadham S, Mirmira RG, Metz TO, Nakayasu ES. Fatty acid-mediated signaling as a target for developing type 1 diabetes therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:793-806. [PMID: 37706269 PMCID: PMC10591803 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2259099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic signaling drive the death of the insulin-producing β cells. This complex signaling is regulated in part by fatty acids and their bioproducts, making them excellent therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of the fatty acid actions on β cells by discussing how they can cause lipotoxicity or regulate inflammatory response during insulitis. We also discuss how diet can affect the availability of fatty acids and disease development. Finally, we discuss development avenues that need further exploration. EXPERT OPINION Fatty acids, such as hydroxyl fatty acids, ω-3 fatty acids, and their downstream products, are druggable candidates that promote protective signaling. Inhibitors and antagonists of enzymes and receptors of arachidonic acid and free fatty acids, along with their derived metabolites, which cause pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses, have the potential to be developed as therapeutic targets also. Further, because diet is the main source of fatty acid intake in humans, balancing protective and pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic fatty acid levels through dietary therapy may have beneficial effects, delaying T1D progression. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting fatty acid signaling hold potential as avenues to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Díaz Ludovico
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily Elliott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Governmental Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Zhang YF, Zhu HL, Xu XF, Zhang J, Ling Q, Zhang S, Chang W, Xiong YW, Xu DX, Wang H. Activation of Atg5-dependent placental lipophagy ameliorates cadmium-induced fetal growth restriction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121602. [PMID: 37031847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental contaminant, can result in placental non-selective autophagy activation and fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, the role of placental lipophagy, a selective autophagy, in Cd-induced FGR is unclear. This work uses case-control study, animal experiments and cultures of primary human placental trophoblast cells to explore the role of placental lipophagy in Cd-induced FGR. We found association of placental lipophagy and all-cause FGR. Meanwhile, pregnancy Cd exposure induced FGR and placental lipophgay. Inhibition of placental lipophagy by pharmacological and genetic means (Atg5-/- mice) exacerbated Cd-caused FGR. Inversely, activating of placental lipophagy relieved Cd-stimulated FGR. Subsequently, we found that activation of Atg5-dependent lipophagy degrades lipid droplets to produce free cholesterol, and promotes placental progesterone (P4) synthesis. Gestational P4 supplementation significantly reversed Cd-induced FGR. Altogether, activation of Atg5-dependent placental lipophagy ameliorates Cd-induced FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China.
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Price TR, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Norris MK, Parks BW, Yandell BS, Churchill GA, Holland WL, Keller MP, Attie AD. Lipidomic QTL in Diversity Outbred mice identifies a novel function for α/β hydrolase domain 2 (Abhd2) as an enzyme that metabolizes phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010713. [PMID: 37523383 PMCID: PMC10414554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have previously shown that genetic association can be used to make causal connections between gene loci and small molecules measured by mass spectrometry in the bloodstream and in tissues. We identified a locus on mouse chromosome 7 where several phospholipids in liver showed strong genetic association to distinct gene loci. In this study, we integrated gene expression data with genetic association data to identify a single gene at the chromosome 7 locus as the driver of the phospholipid phenotypes. The gene encodes α/β-hydrolase domain 2 (Abhd2), one of 23 members of the ABHD gene family. We validated this observation by measuring lipids in a mouse with a whole-body deletion of Abhd2. The Abhd2KO mice had a significant increase in liver levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Unexpectedly, we also found a decrease in two key mitochondrial lipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol, in male Abhd2KO mice. These data suggest that Abhd2 plays a role in the synthesis, turnover, or remodeling of liver phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R. Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donnie S. Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marie K. Norris
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Imi Y, Amano R, Kasahara N, Obana Y, Hosooka T. Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces lipolysis by regulating ATGL expression via the SIRT1-AMPK axis in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101476. [PMID: 37144119 PMCID: PMC10151261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) -dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism. Although the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD+ intermediate, has been shown to ameliorate metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, the direct effect of NMN on the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes remains unclear. We here investigated the effect of NMN on lipid storage in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. Oil-red O staining showed that NMN treatment reduced lipid accumulation in these cells. NMN was found to enhance lipolysis in adipocytes since the concentration of glycerol in the media was increased by NMN treatment. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression at both protein and mRNA level was increased with NMN treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Whereas NMN increased SIRT1 expression and AMPK activation, an AMPK inhibitor compound C restored the NMN-dependent upregulation of ATGL expression in these cells, suggesting that NMN upregulates ATGL expression through the SIRT1-AMPK axis. NMN administration significantly decreased subcutaneous fat mass in mice on a high-fat diet. We also found that adipocyte size in subcutaneous fat was decreased with NMN treatment. Consistent with the alteration of fat mass and adipocyte size, the ATGL expression in subcutaneous fat was slightly, albeit significantly, increased with NMN treatment. These results indicate that NMN suppresses subcutaneous fat mass in diet-induced obese mice, potentially in part via the upregulation of ATGL. Unexpectedly, the reduction in fat mass as well as ATGL upregulation with NMN treatment were not observed in epididymal fat, implying that the effects of NMN are site-specific in adipose tissue. Thus, these findings provide important insights into the mechanism of NMN/NAD+ in the regulation of metabolism.
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Nelson AB, Chow LS, Dengel DR, Pan M, Hughey CC, Han X, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Gender-based heterogeneity of FAHFAs in trained runners. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.543941. [PMID: 37333295 PMCID: PMC10274793 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.543941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) are anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory lipokines. Recently FAHFAs were also found to predict cardiorespiratory fitness in trained runners. Here we compared the association between circulating FAHFA baseline concentrations and body composition, determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry, in female runners who were lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 6), to those who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n = 7). We also compared circulating FAHFAs in lean male runners (n = 8) to the same trained lean female (n = 6) runner group. Circulating FAHFAs were increased in females in a manner that was modulated by specific adipose depot sizes, blood glucose, and lean body mass. As expected, circulating FAHFAs were diminished in the overweight group, but, strikingly, in both lean and overweight cohorts, increases in circulating FAHFAs were promoted by increased fat mass, relative to lean mass. These studies suggest multimodal regulation of circulating FAHFAs and raise hypotheses to test endogenous FAHFA dynamic sources and sinks in health and disease, which will be essential for therapeutic target development. Baseline circulating FAHFA concentrations could signal sub-clinical metabolic dysfunction in metabolically healthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa B. Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lisa S. Chow
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Donald R. Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Curtis C. Hughey
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Peter A. Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wang L, Zhao X, Liu S, You W, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Chen W, Zhang S, Wang J, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Shan T. Single-nucleus and bulk RNA sequencing reveal cellular and transcriptional mechanisms underlying lipid dynamics in high marbled pork. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:23. [PMID: 37268610 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork is the most consumed meat in the world, and its quality is associated with human health. Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition (also called marbling) is a key factor positively correlated with various quality traits and lipo-nutritional values of meat. However, the cell dynamics and transcriptional programs underlying lipid deposition in highly marbled meat are still unclear. Here, we used Laiwu pigs with high (HLW) or low (LLW) IMF contents to explore the cellular and transcriptional mechanisms underlying lipid deposition in highly-marbled pork by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing. The HLW group had higher IMF contents but less drip loss than the LLW group. Lipidomics results revelled the changes of overall lipid classes composition (e.g., glycerolipids including triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides; sphingolipids including ceramides and monohexose ceramide significantly increased) between HLW and LLW groups. SnRNA-seq revealed nine distinct cell clusters, and the HLW group had a higher percentage of adipocytes (1.40% vs. 0.17%) than the LLW group. We identified 3 subpopulations of adipocytes, including PDE4D+/PDE7B+ (in HLW and LLW), DGAT2+/SCD+ (mostly in HLW) and FABP5+/SIAH1+ cells (mostly in HLW). Moreover, we showed that fibro/adipogenic progenitors could differentiate into IMF cells and contribute to 43.35% of adipocytes in mice. In addition, RNA-seq revealed different genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid elongation. Our study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular signatures of marbling formation; such knowledge may facilitate the development of new strategies to increase IMF deposition and the lipo-nutritional quality of high marbled pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Lulić AM, Katalinić M. The PNPLA family of enzymes: characterisation and biological role. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:75-89. [PMID: 37357879 PMCID: PMC10291501 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper brings a brief review of the human patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA) family. Even though it consists of only nine members, their physiological roles and mechanisms of their catalytic activity are not fully understood. However, the results of a number of knock-out and gain- or loss-of-function research models suggest that these enzymes have an important role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of organelle membranes, in cell growth, signalling, cell death, and the metabolism of lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, ceramides, and retinyl esters. Research has also revealed a connection between PNPLA family member mutations or irregular catalytic activity and the development of various diseases. Here we summarise important findings published so far and discuss their structure, localisation in the cell, distribution in the tissues, specificity for substrates, and their potential physiological role, especially in view of their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Lulić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santoro
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Duan G, Zheng C, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Zheng J, Duan Y. β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate Regulates the Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function, and Fat Browning of Adipocytes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112550. [PMID: 37299513 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of in vivo studies demonstrated that β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) can serve as a lipid-lowering nutrient. Despite this interesting observation, the use of adipocytes as a model for research is yet to be explored. To ascertain the effects of HMB on the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the 3T3-L1 cell line was employed. Firstly, serial doses of HMB were added to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to evaluate the effects of HMB on cell proliferation. HMB (50 µM) significantly promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes. Next, we investigated whether HMB could attenuate fat accumulation in adipocytes. The results show that HMB treatment (50 µM) reduced the triglyceride (TG) content. Furthermore, HMB was found to inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins (p-AMPK, p-Sirt1, HSL, and UCP3). We also determined the concentrations of several lipid metabolism-related enzymes and fatty acid composition in adipocytes. The HMB-treated cells showed reduced G6PD, LPL, and ATGL concentrations. Moreover, HMB improved the fatty acid composition in adipocytes, manifested by increases in the contents of n6 and n3 PUFAs. The enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory function of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was confirmed via Seahorse metabolic assay, which showed that HMB treatment elevated basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, H+ leak, maximal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration. In addition, HMB enhanced fat browning of adipocytes, and this effect might be associated with the activation of the PRDM16/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway. Taken together, HMB-induced changes in the lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function may contribute to preventing fat deposition and improving insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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42
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Guerrero-Santoro J, Morizane M, Oh SY, Mishima T, Goff JP, Bildirici I, Sadovsky E, Ouyang Y, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Sadovsky Y. The lipase cofactor CGI58 controls placental lipolysis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:168717. [PMID: 37212279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In eutherians, the placenta plays a critical role in the uptake, storage, and metabolism of lipids. These processes govern the availability of fatty acids to the developing fetus, where inadequate supply has been associated with substandard fetal growth. Whereas lipid droplets are essential for the storage of neutral lipids in the placenta and many other tissues, the processes that regulate placental lipid droplet lipolysis remain largely unknown. To assess the role of triglyceride lipases and their cofactors in determining placental lipid droplet and lipid accumulation, we assessed the role of patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2) and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI58) in lipid droplet dynamics in the human and mouse placenta. While both proteins are expressed in the placenta, the absence of CGI58, not PNPLA2, markedly increased placental lipid and lipid droplet accumulation. These changes were reversed upon restoration of CGI58 levels selectively in the CGI58-deficient mouse placenta. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that, in addition to PNPLA2, PNPLA9 interacts with CGI58. PNPLA9 was dispensable for lipolysis in the mouse placenta yet contributed to lipolysis in human placental trophoblasts. Our findings establish a crucial role for CGI58 in placental lipid droplet dynamics and, by extension, in nutrient supply to the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Guerrero-Santoro
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mayumi Morizane
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takuya Mishima
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie P Goff
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim Bildirici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Department of Radiation Oncology; and
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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44
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Wang MX, Peng ZG. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108428. [PMID: 37116587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide epidemic and a major public health problem, with a prevalence of approximately 25%. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and may be affected by the environment and susceptible genetic factors, resulting in a highly variable disease course and no approved drugs in the clinic. Notably, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 13 (HSD17B13), which belongs to the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase superfamily (HSD17Bs), is closely related to the clinical outcome of liver disease. HSD17Bs consists of fifteen members, most related to steroid and lipid metabolism, and may have the same biological function as HSD17B13. In this review, we highlight recent advances in basic research on the functional activities, major substrates, and key roles of HSD17Bs in the progression of NAFLD to develop innovative anti-NAFLD drugs targeting HSD17Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xi Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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45
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Price TR, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Norris MK, Parks BW, Yandell BS, Churchill GA, Holland WL, Keller MP, Attie AD. Lipidomic QTL in Diversity Outbred mice identifies a novel function for α/β hydrolase domain 2 ( Abhd2 ) as an enzyme that metabolizes phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.533902. [PMID: 36993241 PMCID: PMC10055419 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.533902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We and others have previously shown that genetic association can be used to make causal connections between gene loci and small molecules measured by mass spectrometry in the bloodstream and in tissues. We identified a locus on mouse chromosome 7 where several phospholipids in liver showed strong genetic association to distinct gene loci. In this study, we integrated gene expression data with genetic association data to identify a single gene at the chromosome 7 locus as the driver of the phospholipid phenotypes. The gene encodes α/β-hydrolase domain 2 ( Abhd2 ), one of 23 members of the ABHD gene family. We validated this observation by measuring lipids in a mouse with a whole-body deletion of Abhd2 . The Abhd2 KO mice had a significant increase in liver levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Unexpectedly, we also found a decrease in two key mitochondrial lipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol, in male Abhd2 KO mice. These data suggest that Abhd2 plays a role in the synthesis, turnover, or remodeling of liver phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Donnie S Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Marie K Norris
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Brian S Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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46
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Aragón-Herrera A, Moraña-Fernández S, Otero-Santiago M, Anido-Varela L, Campos-Toimil M, García-Seara J, Román A, Seijas J, García-Caballero L, Rodríguez J, Tarazón E, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Lage R, Gualillo O, González-Juanatey JR, Feijóo-Bandín S, Lago F. The lipidomic and inflammatory profiles of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues are distinctly regulated by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114535. [PMID: 36931025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) has emerged as a treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease and/or other metabolic disturbances, although some of the mechanisms implicated in their beneficial effects are unknown. The SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin has been suggested as a regulator of adiposity, energy metabolism, and systemic inflammation in adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-week-empagliflozin treatment on the lipidome of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from diabetic obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats using an untargeted metabolomics approach. We found that empagliflozin increases the content of diglycerides and oxidized fatty acids (FA) in VAT, while in SAT, it decreases the levels of several lysophospholipids and increases 2 phosphatidylcholines. Empagliflozin also reduces the expression of the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-10, and of Cd86 and Cd163 M1 and M2 macrophage markers in VAT, with no changes in SAT, except for a decrease in IL-1β. Empagliflozin treatment also shows an effect on lipolysis increasing the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in SAT and VAT and of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in VAT, together with a decrease in the adipose content of the FA transporter cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). In conclusion, our data highlighted differences in the VAT and SAT lipidomes, inflammatory profiles and lipolytic function, which suggest a distinct metabolism of these two white adipose tissue depots after the empagliflozin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Aragón-Herrera
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moraña-Fernández
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS). Av. Barcelona, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Otero-Santiago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Anido-Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Group of Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier García-Seara
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Arrhytmia Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Román
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Seijas
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lage
- Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS). Av. Barcelona, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Polyunsaturated and Saturated Oxylipin Plasma Levels Allow Monitoring the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression to Severe Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030711. [PMID: 36978959 PMCID: PMC10045849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fat accumulation is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to determine the plasma levels of oxylipins, free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with NAFLD in progressive stages of the pathology. Ninety 40–60-year-old adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were distributed in without, mild, moderate or severe NAFLD stages. The free PUFA and oxylipin plasma levels were determined by the UHPLC–MS/MS system. The plasma levels of oxylipins produced by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450, such as prostaglandin 2α (PGF2α), lipoxinB4 and maresin-1, were higher in severe NAFLD patients, pointing to the coexistence of both inflammation and resolution processes. The plasma levels of the saturated oxylipins 16-hydroxyl-palmitate and 3-hydroxyl-myristate were also higher in the severe NAFLD patients, suggesting a dysregulation of oxidation of fatty acids. The plasma 12-hydroxyl-estearate (12HEST) levels in severe NAFLD were higher than in the other stages, indicating that the hydroxylation of saturated fatty acid produced by reactive oxygen species is more present in this severe stage of NAFLD. The plasma levels of 12HEST and PGF2α are potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD vs. non-NAFLD. In conclusion, the NAFLD progression can be monitored by measuring the plasma levels of free PUFA and oxylipins characterizing the different NAFLD stages or the absence of this disease in metabolic syndrome patients.
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The phospholipase A 2 superfamily as a central hub of bioactive lipids and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108382. [PMID: 36918102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In essence, "phospholipase A2" (PLA2) means a group of enzymes that release fatty acids and lysophospholipids by hydrolyzing the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. To date, more than 50 enzymes possessing PLA2 or related lipid-metabolizing activities have been identified in mammals, and these are subdivided into several families in terms of their structures, catalytic mechanisms, tissue/cellular localizations, and evolutionary relationships. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 superfamily has mainly been implicated in signal transduction, driving the production of a wide variety of bioactive lipid mediators. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PLA2s also contribute to phospholipid remodeling or recycling for membrane homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation for energy production, and barrier lipid formation on the body surface. Accordingly, PLA2 enzymes are considered one of the key regulators of a broad range of lipid metabolism, and perturbation of specific PLA2-driven lipid pathways often disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis and may be associated with a variety of diseases. This review covers current understanding of the physiological functions of the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the two major intracellular PLA2 families (Ca2+-dependent cytosolic PLA2s and Ca2+-independent patatin-like PLA2s) as well as other PLA2 families, based on studies using gene-manipulated mice and human diseases in combination with comprehensive lipidomics.
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Characterization of Triacylglycerol Estolide Isomers Using High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Nanoelectrospray Ionization. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030475. [PMID: 36979410 PMCID: PMC10046810 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol estolides (TG-EST) are biologically active lipids extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. In this work, eight standards of TG-EST were synthesized and systematically investigated by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of synthetic TG-EST were studied with the purpose of enabling the unambiguous identification of these lipids in biological samples. TG-EST glycerol sn-regioisomers and isomers with the fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) subunit branched in the ω-, α-, or 10-position were used. Ammonium, lithium, and sodium adducts of TG-EST formed by nanoelectrospray ionization were subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD). Product ion spectra allowed for identification of fatty acid (FA) and FAHFA subunits originally linked to the glycerol backbone and distinguished the α-branching site of the FAHFA from other estolide-branching isomers. The ω- and 10-branching sites were determined by combining CID with ozone-induced dissociation (OzID). Lithium adducts provided the most informative product ions, enabling characterization of FA, hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), and FAHFA subunits. Glycerol sn-regioisomers were distinguished based on the relative abundance of product ions and unambiguously identified using CID/OzID of lithium and sodium adducts.
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Regional immunity of chicken adipose tissue responds to secondary immunity induced by Newcastle disease vaccine via promoting immune activation and weakening lipid metabolism. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102646. [PMID: 37031585 PMCID: PMC10105486 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is considered as a regional immune organ and plays an important role in the anti-infection immune response. However, the function and mechanism of chicken AT in response to secondary immune response remain poorly understood. Here, we used mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing technology to survey the transcriptomic landscape of chicken abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) during the first and second immunization with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine, and carried out bioinformatics analysis, such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis. The results indicated that chicken AAT actively responded to the secondary immune response. DNA replication and cytoskeleton regulation as the regulatory functions of immune activation changed significantly, and weakened lipid metabolism was an effective strategy for the secondary immunity. Mechanically, the regulatory network between the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and their targeted differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as miR-206/miR-499-5p-nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3)/methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (MSMO1) pathway, was one of the potential key mechanisms by which AAT responded to the secondary immune response. In conclusion, regional immunity of chicken AT responds to secondary immunity by promoting immune activation and weakening lipid metabolism, and this study can instruct future research on antiviral strategy.
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