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Grant M, Ni Lee L, Chinnakannan S, Tong O, Kwok J, Cianci N, Tillman L, Saha A, Pereira Almeida V, Leung C. Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2331486. [PMID: 38564321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2331486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge, with changing demographics and lifestyle factors producing an increasing burden worldwide. Screening advancements are enabling earlier diagnoses, but current cancer immunotherapies only induce remission in a small proportion of patients and come at a high cost. Cancer vaccines may offer a solution to these challenges, but they have been mired by poor results in past decades. Greater understanding of tumor biology, coupled with the success of vaccine technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinvigorated cancer vaccine development. With the first signs of efficacy being reported, cancer vaccines may be beginning to fulfill their potential. Solid tumors, however, present different hurdles than infectious diseases. Combining insights from previous cancer vaccine clinical development and contemporary knowledge of tumor immunology, we ask: who are the 'right' patients, what are the 'right' targets, and which are the 'right' modalities to maximize the chances of cancer vaccine success?
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2
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Ouyang L, Lei G, Gong Y. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2326316. [PMID: 38466197 PMCID: PMC10936597 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with liver cirrhosis remains largely unknown. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cirrhosis and compare the humoral and cellular immune responses following complete COVID-19 vaccination between cirrhosis patients and healthy controls. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from 1 January 2020 to 22 August 2023. Sixteen studies with 2127 cirrhosis patients were included. The pooled seroconversion rate in patients with cirrhosis following complete COVID-19 vaccination was 92.4% (95% CI, 86.2%-96%, I2 = 90%) with significant between-study heterogeneity. Moreover, COVID-19 vaccination elicited a higher humoral immune response in patients of compensated cirrhosis as compared with decompensated cirrhosis (RR = 1.069, 95% CI, 1.011-1.131, I2 = 17%, p = .019). Additionally, 10 studies were included for comparison analysis of seroconversion rate between cirrhosis patients and healthy controls. The results showed that the seroconversion rate in patients with cirrhosis was slightly lower compared with healthy controls (RR = 0.972, 95% CI, 0.955-0.989, I2 = 66%, p = .001). Meanwhile, the pooled RR of cellular immune response rate for cirrhosis patients vs. healthy controls was 0.678 (95% CI, 0.563-0.817, I2 = 0, p < .0001). Our meta-analysis demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination elicited diminished humoral and cellular immune responses in patients of cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis particularly decompensated cirrhosis who have completed full-doses of COVID-19 vaccination should receive continuous attention and preemptive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Lei
- Department of Obstetric, Centre Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yeli Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Chittrakarn S, Siripaitoon P, Chusri S, Kanchanasuwan S, Charoenmak B, Hortiwakul T, Kantikit P, Kositpantawong N. Comparative immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody responses post heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) in HIV-infected patients with varying CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309734. [PMID: 38297904 PMCID: PMC10841008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response to heterologous coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still unclear. Herein, our prospective cohort study aimed to compare the immune response of heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) between PLWH having CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µL (low CD4+) and > 200 cells/µL (high CD4+). Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percentage inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were analyzed at 2 and 12 weeks after immunization. Participants in the low and high CD4+ groups had mean CD4+ counts of 139 and 575 cell/µL, respectively. Two and 12 weeks after immunization, in the low CD4 group, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels were 159 IU/mL and 143 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb level was 71% and decreased to 47.2%, respectively. Contrarily, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels in the high CD4+ group were 273 IU/mL and 294 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb levels were 89.3% and relatively stable at 81.6%. However, although immune responses between the two study groups were not significantly different, a decline in nAb levels was observed at 12 weeks in the low CD4+ group. Therefore, a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose is suggested for immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawit Chittrakarn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pisud Siripaitoon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siripen Kanchanasuwan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Boonsri Charoenmak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Hortiwakul
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phaiwon Kantikit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Narongdet Kositpantawong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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4
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Bates JT, Lirette ST, Farmer AP, Bierdeman MA, Seyfarth KB, Ederer DR, Montgomery DD, Burnett GC, Pham AT, Marshall GD. Serological assessment of the durability of vaccine-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2308375. [PMID: 38361363 PMCID: PMC10877977 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2308375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies are often accepted as a correlate of protection against infection, though questions remain about which components of the immune response protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this small observational study, we longitudinally measured spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific and nucleocapsid (NP)-specific serum IgG in a human cohort immunized with the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. NP is not encoded in the vaccine, so an NP-specific response is serological evidence of natural infection. A greater than fourfold increase in NP-specific antibodies was used as the serological marker of infection. Using the RBD-specific IgG titers prior to seroconversion for NP, we calculated a protective threshold for RBD-specific IgG. On average, the RBD-specific IgG response wanes below the protective threshold 169 days following vaccination. Many participants without a history of a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection seroconverted for NP-specific IgG. As a group, participants who seroconverted for NP-specific IgG had significantly higher levels of RBD-specific IgG following NP-seroconversion. RBD-specific IgG titers may serve as one correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These titers wane below the proposed protective threshold approximately six months following immunization. Based on serological evidence of infection, the frequency of breakthrough infections and consequently the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the population may be higher than what is predicted based on the frequency of documented infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Bates
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Seth T. Lirette
- School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Andrew P. Farmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael A. Bierdeman
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristina B. Seyfarth
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Dallas R. Ederer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Denise D. Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Grace C. Burnett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amanda T. Pham
- Medical Student Research Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D. Marshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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5
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Kulkarni PS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Vekemans J, Bavdekar A, Gupta M, Kulkarni P, Garg B, Gogtay NJ, Tambe M, Lalwani S, Singh K, Munshi R, Meshram S, Selvavinayagam T, Pandey K, Bhimarasetty DM, Ramakrishnan S, Bhamare C, Dharmadhikari A, Budhawant C, Bonhomme CJ, Thakar M, Kurle SN, Kelly EJ, Gautam M, Gupta N, Panda S, Bhargava B, Poonawalla CS, Shaligram U, Kapse D, Gunale B. Seropersistence of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine): 6-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study in Indian adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2304974. [PMID: 38512394 PMCID: PMC10962622 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2304974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) is a replication-deficient adenoviral vectored coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine that is manufactured as SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd following technology transfer from Oxford University/AstraZeneca. The non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with AZD1222 was previously demonstrated in an observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study (trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170). In this analysis of immunogenicity and safety data 6 months post first vaccination (Day 180), 1,601 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort n = 401) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort n = 1,200). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike (anti-S) binding immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers. A decline in anti-S titers was observed in both vaccine groups, albeit with a greater decline in SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees (geometric mean titer [GMT] ratio [95% confidence interval (CI) of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 to AZD1222]: 0.60 [0.41-0.87]). Consistent similar decreases in nAb titers were observed between vaccine groups (GMT ratio [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.44-1.73]). No cases of severe COVID-19 were reported following vaccination, while one case was observed in the placebo group. No causally related serious adverse events were reported through 180 days. No thromboembolic or autoimmune adverse events of special interest were reported. Collectively, these data illustrate that SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 maintained a high level of immunogenicity 6 months post-vaccination. SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Vekemans
- Formerly of: Clinical Development, Infection, Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - B.S. Garg
- Department of Community Medicine and Dr Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Nithya J. Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Muralidhar Tambe
- Department of Community Medicine, B J Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Kiranjit Singh
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre Pvt Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Renuka Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College & BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushant Meshram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Krishna Pandey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - S.R. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Research, Sri Ramchandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Cyrille J. Bonhomme
- Laboratory Services, Vaccines Sciences Lab, Clinical Research, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth J. Kelly
- Formerly of: Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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6
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Yan Q, Zhang Y, Hou R, Pan W, Liang H, Gao X, Deng W, Huang X, Qu L, Tang C, He P, Liu B, Wang Q, Zhao X, Lin Z, Chen Z, Li P, Han J, Xiong X, Zhao J, Li S, Niu X, Chen L. Deep immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing depicts a comprehensive atlas of spike-specific antibody lineages shared among COVID-19 convalescents. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2290841. [PMID: 38044868 PMCID: PMC10810631 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2290841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are a key component in protective humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, available technologies cannot track epitope-specific antibodies in global antibody repertoires. Thus, the comprehensive repertoire of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. We therefore combined high-throughput immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) repertoire sequencing, and structural and bioinformatics analysis to establish an antibodyomics pipeline, which enables tracking spike-specific antibody lineages that target certain neutralizing epitopes. We mapped the neutralizing epitopes on the spike and determined the epitope-preferential antibody lineages. This analysis also revealed numerous overlaps between immunodominant neutralizing antibody-binding sites and mutation hotspots on spikes as observed so far in SARS-CoV-2 variants. By clustering 2677 spike-specific antibodies with 360 million IgH sequences that we sequenced, a total of 329 shared spike-specific antibody clonotypes were identified from 33 COVID-19 convalescents and 24 SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals. Epitope mapping showed that the shared antibody responses target not only neutralizing epitopes on RBD and NTD but also non-neutralizing epitopes on S2. The immunodominance of neutralizing antibody response is determined by the occurrence of specific precursors in human naïve B-cell repertoires. We identified that only 28 out of the 329 shared spike-specific antibody clonotypes persisted for at least 12 months. Among them, long-lived IGHV3-53 antibodies are likely to evolve cross-reactivity to Omicron variants through accumulating somatic hypermutations. Altogether, we created a comprehensive atlas of spike-targeting antibody lineages in COVID-19 convalescents and antibody precursors in human naïve B cell repertoires, providing a valuable reference for future vaccine design and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Hou
- Guangzhou Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing ARP Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congli Tang
- Nanjing ARP Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Banghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Han
- iRepertoire Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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8
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Marcos-Villar L, Perdiguero B, López-Bravo M, Zamora C, Sin L, Álvarez E, Sorzano CÓS, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Casasnovas JM, Astorgano D, García-Arriaza J, Anthiya S, Borrajo ML, Lou G, Cuesta B, Franceschini L, Gelpí JL, Thielemans K, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, García F, Esteban I, López-Bigas N, Plana M, Alonso MJ, Esteban M, Gómez CE. Heterologous mRNA/MVA delivering trimeric-RBD as effective vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2: COVARNA Consortium. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2387906. [PMID: 39087555 PMCID: PMC11313003 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2387906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the high efficiency of current SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, waning immunity and the emergence of resistant variants underscore the need for novel vaccination strategies. This study explores a heterologous mRNA/Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) prime/boost regimen employing a trimeric form of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein compared to a homologous MVA/MVA regimen. In C57BL/6 mice, the RBD was delivered during priming via an mRNA vector encapsulated in nanoemulsions (NE) or lipid nanoparticles (LNP), followed by a booster with a replication-deficient MVA-based recombinant virus (MVA-RBD). This heterologous mRNA/MVA regimen elicited strong anti-RBD binding and neutralizing antibodies (BAbs and NAbs) against both the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and different variants of concern (VoCs). Additionally, this protocol induced robust and polyfunctional RBD-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, particularly in animals primed with mLNP-RBD. In K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, the LNP-RBD/MVA combination provided complete protection from morbidity and mortality following a live SARS-CoV-2 challenge compared with the partial protection observed with mNE-RBD/MVA or MVA/MVA regimens. Although the mNE-RBD/MVA regimen only protects half of the animals, it was able to induce antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions besides NAbs. Moreover, viral replication and viral load in the respiratory tract were markedly reduced and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed. These results support the efficacy of heterologous mRNA/MVA vaccine combinations over homologous MVA/MVA regimen, using alternative nanocarriers that circumvent intellectual property restrictions of current mRNA vaccine formulations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Mice
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
- Humans
- Female
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Vaccination
- mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Mice, Transgenic
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Liposomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marcos-Villar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Zamora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Veterinary Pathology Department, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Astorgano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shubaash Anthiya
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mireya L. Borrajo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belén Cuesta
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Franceschini
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Josep L. Gelpí
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, UB,Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Esteban
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J. Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Xu JW, Wang BS, Gao P, Huang HT, Wang FY, Qiu W, Zhang YY, Xu Y, Gou JB, Yu LL, Liu X, Wang RJ, Zhu T, Hou LH, Wang Q. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with orally administered aerosolized bivalent adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine and B.1.1.529 variant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults 18 years and older: a randomized, double blinded, parallel controlled trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2281355. [PMID: 37933089 PMCID: PMC11025474 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination strategies that can induce a broad spectrum immune response are important to enhance protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conducted a randomized, double-blind and parallel controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent (5×1010viral particles) and B.1.1.529 variant (5×1010viral particles) adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccines administrated via inhalation. 451 eligible subjects aged 18 years and older who had been vaccinated with three doses inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were randomly assigned to inhale one dose of either B.1.1.529 variant Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoVO-IH group, N=150), bivalent Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV/O-IH group, N=151), or Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (5×1010viral particles; Ad5-nCoV-IH group, N=150). Adverse reactions reported by 37 (24.67%) participants in the Ad5-nCoVO-IH group, 28 (18.54%) in the Ad5-nCoV/O-IH group, and 26 (17.33%) in the Ad5-nCoV-IH group with mainly mild to moderate dry mouth, oropharyngeal pain, headache, myalgia, cough, fever and fatigue. No serious adverse events related to the vaccine were reported. Investigational vaccines were immunogenic, with significant difference in the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 between Ad5-nCoV/O-IH (43.70) and Ad5-nCoV-IH (29.25) at 28 days after vaccination (P=0.0238). The seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies against BA.1 in Ad5-nCoVO-IH, Ad5-nCoV/O-IH, and Ad5-nCoV-IH groups were 56.00%, 59.60% and 48.67% with no significant difference among the groups. Overall, the investigational vaccines were demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated in adults, and was highly effective in inducing mucosal immunities in addition to humoral and cellular immune responses defending against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Trial registration: Chictr.org identifier: ChiCTR2200063996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Xu
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bu-Sen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Gao
- Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Huang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yu Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Xu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bo Gou
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Ling Yu
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Yubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing- Wang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Xu Y, Kong X, Huang W, Liang Z, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang N, Liu D, Guo W, Mei J. Efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with asymptomatic or mild illness during the Omicron epidemic in Guangzhou: a multi-centre retrospective cohort study. Ann Med 2024; 56:2307504. [PMID: 38465636 PMCID: PMC10930140 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2307504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, the impact on patients with asymptomatic to mild illness remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of various vaccine doses and types on the duration of isolation duration and discharge rates, the viral shedding duration, and negative rates in asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients. METHODS We included adult patients at the Fangcang isolation centres in Pazhou or Yongning between November and December 2022. We analysed data on basic demographics, admission details, laboratory indicators and vaccination information. RESULTS A total of 6560 infected patients were included (3584 from Pazhou and 2976 from Yongning). Of these, 90.6% received inactivated vaccines, 3.66% received recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit vaccines and 0.91% received adenovirus vaccines. Among the 6173 vaccinated individuals, 71.9% received a booster dose. By day 9, the isolation rate reached 50% among vaccinated patients. On day 7.5, the positive rate among vaccinated individuals reached 50%. CONCLUSIONS Full vaccination was effective, with heterologous vaccines showing greater efficacy than inactivated vaccines alone. However, there was no significant difference in the vaccine protective effect 12 months after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zijing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jinkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Nuofu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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11
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Huo N, Wu S, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Song X, Hou L, Chen W. Monovalent XBB.1.5 booster vaccination induces a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2286260. [PMID: 37982743 PMCID: PMC10795553 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2286260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Song
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Sritipsukho P, Sinlapamongkolkul P, Satdhabudha A, Chaiyakulsil C, Mahasirimongkol S, Sawaengdee W, Fukpho W, Khawcharoenporn T. Immunogenicity during 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection is significantly different depending on previous COVID-19 vaccine regimens and a booster dose received. Vaccine 2024; 42:126025. [PMID: 38852039 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Data on immunogenicity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its sustainability are essential to inform COVID-19 vaccine schedule. A prospective cohort study was conducted among adults at-risk for COVID-19 during the Omicron variant-dominant epidemic. All were followed up for anti-spike RBD levels on days 0, 14, 90 and 180 after enrollment. Of the 871 individuals included, 264 (30.3 %) had COVID-19. Those with COVID-19 had significantly lower baseline geometric mean level of anti-spike RBD than those without COVID-19 (326 vs. 989; P < 0.001). Among the COVID-19 patients, anti-spike RBD level significantly increased the most at 14 days after infection and dropped significantly at day 90 and day 180. Giving a booster dose during 91-180 days after infection induced high level of anti-spike RBD through 180 days. These findings suggest high level but short-lived immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection while sustained immunity required a booster dose administered from 90 days after the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paskorn Sritipsukho
- Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Thailand; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand; Research Group in Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Pakatip Sinlapamongkolkul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand; Research Group in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Araya Satdhabudha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand; Research Group in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Chanapai Chaiyakulsil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand; Research Group in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | | | - Waritta Sawaengdee
- Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Waraphorn Fukpho
- Medical Technology Laboratory of Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Thana Khawcharoenporn
- Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand.
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13
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Roels S, Bruckner M, Sadoff J, Cárdenas V, Tang C, Hagedoorn S, Heerwegh D, Stieh DJ, Le Gars M. Pre- and post-Ad26.COV2·S booster dose antibody levels predict COVID-19 disease risk. Vaccine 2024; 42:126159. [PMID: 39121698 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Identifying immune correlates of risk following COVID-19 vaccine boosters has become paramount as a result of the challenges in generating additional efficacy data. The trial data described here was collected in the United States, with a large part of the study conduct coinciding with the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant. The vaccine trial involved the administration of a booster dose of Ad26.COV2·S at least 6 months after primary vaccination with either a single dose of Ad26.COV2·S or a 2-dose BNT162b2 vaccine regimen. Immunogenicity was assessed through Wuhan Spike binding antibodies (bAb), neutralizing antibodies (nAb), and Omicron BA.1 cross-neutralizing antibodies (nAb BA.1) at Day 1 (pre-boost), Day 15-, and 6-months post-boost. Immune correlates analyses demonstrate that, higher titers of bAb, nAb, and nAb BA.1 at Day 15 were consistently associated with a lower risk of symptomatic COVID-19 following a booster dose of Ad26.COV2·S, irrespective of the primary vaccine regimen. Similar results were obtained using multivariable analyses. Furthermore, Day 1 nAb levels against the Wuhan reference strain exhibited a statistically significant inverse relationship with the risk of symptomatic COVID-19. These findings highlight the value of assessing immune correlates for vaccine boosters, especially in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Clinical trials registration:NCT04999111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Roels
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Chan Tang
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Mahyuddin AP, Swa HLF, Weng R, Zhang J, Dhanaraj JP, Sesurajan BP, Rauff M, Dashraath P, Kanneganti A, Lee R, Wang LF, Young BE, Tambyah PA, Lye DC, Chai LYA, Yee S, Choolani M, Mattar CNZ. COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy results in high, sustained maternal neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Delta/Omicron variants of concern, particularly following a booster dose or infection. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107121. [PMID: 38823622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate multi-dose and timings of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing antenatal infection. DESIGN Prospective observational study investigating primary vaccinations, boosters, antenatal COVID-19 infections, neutralizing antibody (Nab) durability, and cross-reactivity to Delta and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Ninety-eight patients completed primary vaccination prepregnancy (29.6%) and antenatally (63.3%), 24.2% of whom had antenatal COVID-19, while 7.1% were unvaccinated (28.6% had antenatal COVID-19). None had severe COVID-19. Prepregnancy vaccination resulted in vaccination-to-infection delay of 23.3 weeks, which extended to 45.2 weeks with a booster, compared to 16.9 weeks following antenatal vaccination (P < 0.001). Infections occurred at 26.2 weeks gestation in women vaccinated prepregnancy compared to 36.2 weeks gestation in those vaccinated during pregnancy (P < 0.007). The risk of COVID-19 infection was higher without antenatal vaccination (hazard ratio [HR] 14.6, P = 0.05) and after prepregnancy vaccination without a booster (HR 10.4, P = 0.002). Antenatal vaccinations initially led to high Nab levels, with mild waning but subsequent rebound. Significant Nab enhancement occurred with a third-trimester booster. Maternal-neonatal Nab transfer was efficient (transfer ratio >1), and cross-reactivity to VOCs was observed. CONCLUSION Completing vaccination during any trimester delays COVID-19 infection and maintains effective neutralizing activity throughout pregnancy, with robust cross-reactivity to VOCs and efficient maternal-neonatal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniza P Mahyuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah L F Swa
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruifen Weng
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice P Dhanaraj
- Diagnostics Development Hub, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Binny P Sesurajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Rauff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pradip Dashraath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhiram Kanneganti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; The Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- The Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- The Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Y A Chai
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sidney Yee
- Innovation and Enterprise, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Connexis North Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Lees JA, Russell TW, Shaw LP, Hellewell J. Recent approaches in computational modelling for controlling pathogen threats. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402666. [PMID: 38906676 PMCID: PMC11192964 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we assess the status of computational modelling of pathogens. We focus on three disparate but interlinked research areas that produce models with very different spatial and temporal scope. First, we examine antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many mechanisms of AMR are not well understood. As a result, it is hard to measure the current incidence of AMR, predict the future incidence, and design strategies to preserve existing antibiotic effectiveness. Next, we look at how to choose the finite number of bacterial strains that can be included in a vaccine. To do this, we need to understand what happens to vaccine and non-vaccine strains after vaccination programmes. Finally, we look at within-host modelling of antibody dynamics. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic produced huge amounts of antibody data, prompting improvements in this area of modelling. We finish by discussing the challenges that persist in understanding these complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lees
- https://ror.org/02catss52 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Timothy W Russell
- https://ror.org/00a0jsq62 Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Liam P Shaw
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Joel Hellewell
- https://ror.org/02catss52 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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16
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Ying B, Liang CY, Desai P, Scheaffer SM, Elbashir SM, Edwards DK, Thackray LB, Diamond MS. Ipsilateral or contralateral boosting of mice with mRNA vaccines confers equivalent immunity and protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain. J Virol 2024:e0057424. [PMID: 39194250 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00574-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Boosting with mRNA vaccines encoding variant-matched spike proteins has been implemented to mitigate their reduced efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nonetheless, in humans, it remains unclear whether boosting in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm with respect to the priming doses impacts immunity and protection. Here, we boosted K18-hACE2 mice with either monovalent mRNA-1273 (Wuhan-1 spike) or bivalent mRNA-1273.214 (Wuhan-1 + BA.1 spike) vaccine in the ipsilateral or contralateral leg after a two-dose priming series with mRNA-1273. Boosting in the ipsilateral or contralateral leg elicited equivalent levels of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody responses against Wuhan-1 and BA.1. While contralateral boosting with mRNA vaccines resulted in the expansion of spike-specific B and T cells beyond the ipsilateral draining lymph node (DLN) to the contralateral DLN, administration of a third mRNA vaccine dose at either site resulted in similar levels of antigen-specific germinal center B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, T follicular helper cells, and CD8+ T cells in the DLNs and the spleen. Furthermore, ipsilateral and contralateral boosting with mRNA-1273 or mRNA-1273.214 vaccines conferred similar homologous or heterologous immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 virus challenge with equivalent reductions in viral RNA and infectious virus in the nasal turbinates and lungs. Collectively, our data show limited differences in B and T cell immune responses after ipsilateral and contralateral site boosting by mRNA vaccines that do not substantively impact protection against an Omicron strain.IMPORTANCESequential boosting with mRNA vaccines has been an effective strategy to overcome waning immunity and neutralization escape by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, it remains unclear how the site of boosting relative to the primary vaccination series shapes optimal immune responses or breadth of protection against variants. In K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, we observed that intramuscular boosting with historical monovalent or variant-matched bivalent vaccines in the ipsilateral or contralateral limb elicited comparable levels of serum spike-specific antibody and antigen-specific B and T cell responses. Moreover, boosting on either side conferred equivalent protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron challenge strain. Our data in mice suggest that the site of intramuscular boosting with an mRNA vaccine does not substantially impact immunity or protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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17
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Cohen CA, Leung NHL, Kaewpreedee P, Lee KWK, Jia JZ, Cheung AWL, Cheng SMS, Mori M, Ip DKM, Poon LLM, Peiris JSM, Cowling BJ, Valkenburg SA. Antibody Fc receptor binding and T cell responses to homologous and heterologous immunization with inactivated or mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7358. [PMID: 39191745 PMCID: PMC11350167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole virion inactivated vaccine CoronaVac (C) and Spike (S) mRNA BNT162b2 (B) vaccines differ greatly in their ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies but have somewhat comparable effectiveness in protecting from severe COVID-19. We conducted further analyses for a randomized trial (Cobovax study, NCT05057169) of third dose homologous and heterologous booster vaccination, i.e. four interventions CC-C, CC-B, BB-C and BB-B. Here, we assess vaccine immunogenicity beyond neutralizing function, including S and non-S antibodies with Fc receptor (FcR) binding, antibody avidity and T cell specificity to 6 months post-vaccination. Ancestral and Omicron S-specific IgG and FcR binding are significantly higher by BNT162b2 booster than CoronaVac, regardless of first doses. Nucleocapsid (N) antibodies are only increased in homologous boosted CoronaVac participants (CC-C). CoronaVac primed participants have lower baseline S-specific CD4+ IFNγ+ cells, but are significantly increased by either CoronaVac or BNT162b2 boosters. Priming vaccine content defined T cell peptide specificity preference, with S-specific T cells dominating B primed groups and non-S structural peptides contributing more in C primed groups, regardless of booster type. S-specific CD4+ T cell responses, N-specific antibodies, and antibody effector functions via Fc receptor binding may contribute to protection and compensate for less potent neutralizing responses in CoronaVac recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prathanporn Kaewpreedee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelly W K Lee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Zhirong Jia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alan W L Cheung
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Unagami K, Yoshikawa M, Egawa H, Ohfuji S, Natori Y, Oki R, Mori T, Hattori H, Ishiwatari A, Kanzawa T, Shimizu T, Omoto K, Inui M, Masano Y, Ito T, Nakajima D, Babazono T, Takagi T, Nunoda S, Tomimaru Y, Imamura R, Miyagawa S, Toda K, Hatano E, Date H, Kyakuno M, Takahara S, Yuzawa K, Tanimine N, Ohdan H, Ishida H, Hirota Y. Delayed peak antibody titers after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: Prospective cohort study. Vaccine 2024; 42:126221. [PMID: 39180977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Poor post-vaccination production of antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a concern among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Furthermore, the timing and kinetics of antibody titers after the second vaccine dose are unknown. We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study that included 614 SOT recipients: 460 kidney, 53 heart, 50 liver, 20 lung, and 31 simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK). The participants received two doses of the mRNA vaccine (Pfizer BNT162b2 or Moderna mRNA-1273), as indicated. Serum samples were collected before the first and second vaccinations and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the second vaccine dose, which were then assessed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall seropositivity rate was 43% at 1 month after administration of the second vaccine dose; it gradually increased to 68% at 3 months after second dose administration and to 70% at 6 months. In addition, recipient of kidney, lung or SPK transplants had lower antibody titers at the 3- and 6-month time points than did the other recipients. SOT recipients acquired SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG antibodies slowly, and the peak titer differed significantly from that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Unagami
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Urology, Yochomachi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroto Egawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Natori
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Rikako Oki
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Tomomi Mori
- Department of Diabetology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hattori
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Taichi Kanzawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Urology, Yochomachi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shimizu
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Urology, Yochomachi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Omoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Urology, Yochomachi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Inui
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Urology, Yochomachi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Masano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Babazono
- Department of Diabetology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nunoda
- Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Severe Heart Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Imamura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyaji Kyakuno
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Kansai Medical Clinic, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yuzawa
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Medical Co. LTA (SOUSEIKAI), Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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Meyers E, De Rop L, Engels F, Gioveni C, Coen A, De Burghgraeve T, Digregorio M, Van Ngoc P, De Clercq N, Buret L, Coenen S, Deschepper E, Padalko E, Callens S, Duysburgh E, De Sutter A, Scholtes B, Verbakel JY, Heytens S, Cools P. Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:951. [PMID: 39204074 PMCID: PMC11359559 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
When COVID-19 vaccines were implemented, nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS) in Belgium were prioritized for vaccination. To characterize the vaccine response over time in this population and to identify poorly responding groups, we assessed antibody concentrations two (T1), four (T2) and six months (T3) after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination in six groups of infection-naive/infection-primed NHRs/NHS, with/without comorbidity (NHRs only). Participant groups (N = 125 per group) were defined within a national serosurveillance study in nursing homes, based on questionnaire data. Dried blood spots were analyzed using ELISA for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 S1RBD IgG antibodies. Among all groups, antibody concentrations significantly decreased between T1 and T2/T3, all with a ≥70% decrease at T3, except for infection-primed staff (-32%). Antibody concentrations among infection-naive NHRs were 11.96 times lower than those among infection-primed NHR, while the latter were comparable (x1.05) to infection-primed NHS. The largest proportion [13% (95% CI: 11-24%)] of vaccine non-responders was observed in the group of infection-naive NHRs with comorbidities. A longer interval between infection and vaccination (≥3 months) elicited higher antibody responses. Our data retrospectively show the necessity of timely COVID-19 booster vaccination. Infection-naive NHRs require special attention regarding immune monitoring in future epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
| | - Liselore De Rop
- EPI-Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fien Engels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
| | - Claudia Gioveni
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
| | - Anja Coen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Tine De Burghgraeve
- EPI-Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Digregorio
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Van Ngoc
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nele De Clercq
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Laëtitia Buret
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Deschepper
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Duysburgh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An De Sutter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Beatrice Scholtes
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan Y. Verbakel
- EPI-Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Heytens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Piet Cools
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
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20
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Desai P, Karl CE, Ying B, Liang CY, Garcia-Salum T, Santana AC, Ten-Caten F, Joseph F Urban, Elbashir SM, Edwards DK, Ribeiro SP, Thackray LB, Sekaly RP, Diamond MS. Intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eado1941. [PMID: 39167662 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ado1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although vaccines have reduced the burden of COVID-19, their efficacy in helminth infection-endemic areas is not well characterized. We evaluated the impact of infection by Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), a murine intestinal roundworm, on the efficacy of an mRNA vaccine targeting the Wuhan-1 spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice. Although immunization generated similar B cell responses in Hpb-infected and uninfected mice, polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were markedly reduced in Hpb-infected mice. Hpb-infected and mRNA-vaccinated mice were protected against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1/2020, but control of lung infection was diminished against an Omicron variant compared with animals immunized without Hpb infection. Helminth-mediated suppression of spike protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses occurred independently of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling, whereas blockade of interleukin-10 (IL-10) rescued vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses. Together, these data show that, in mice, intestinal helminth infection impaired vaccine-induced T cell responses through an IL-10 pathway, which compromised protection against antigenically drifted SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Courtney E Karl
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tamara Garcia-Salum
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Santana
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Felipe Ten-Caten
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, and Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | | | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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21
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Mackin SR, Sariol A, Diamond MS. Antibody-mediated control mechanisms of viral infections. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39162394 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies generated after vaccination or natural pathogen exposure are essential mediators of protection against many infections. Most studies with viruses have focused on antibody neutralization, in which protection is conferred by the fragment antigen binding region (Fab) through targeting of different steps in the viral lifecycle including attachment, internalization, fusion, and egress. Beyond neutralization, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of antibodies can integrate innate and adaptive immune responses by engaging complement components and distinct Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) on different host immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of antibody neutralization and Fc effector functions, and the assays used to measure them. Additionally, we describe the contexts in which these mechanisms are associated with protection against viruses and highlight how Fc-FcγR interactions can improve the potency of antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Mackin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Sciences, Lab & Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan Sariol
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Sciences, Lab & Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Jameie M, Azizmohammad Looha M, Ebadi Z, Amanollahi M, Amani K, Nobahari F, Abdollahi A, Mousavi M, Pourghaz B, Harirchian MH. Immunogenicity, clinical efficacy, and safety of the sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among people with multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapies: a prospective cohort study. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:291. [PMID: 39164636 PMCID: PMC11334504 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the safety (adverse events [AEs] and post-vaccination multiple sclerosis [MS] activity within 6 weeks), clinical efficacy (protection against coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), and vaccine-induced humoral immunogenicity (SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, anti-nucleocapsid IgG, and anti-spike IgG) of the Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine among people with MS (PwMS) receiving different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. PwMS were followed for six months after the 2nd dose of vaccination. Antibody responses were measured 2-16 weeks after the 2nd dose injection. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the impact of each DMT on dichotomous antibody responses, adjusting for age, sex, MS phenotype, expanded disability status scale, disease duration, and vaccination-antibody titration interval. RESULTS Among the 261 screened PwMS, 209 (aged 38.23 ± 9.73 years, female: 70.8%; relapsing-remitting MS: 80.4%) were included. The frequencies of experiencing non-serious AEs and post-vaccination MS activity were 66.0% and 4.8%, respectively. Breakthrough COVID-19 infection was observed in 14.8% of the PwMS. A subcohort of 125 PwMS was assessed for antibody responses. Positive neutralizing antibodies, anti-nucleocapsid IgG, and anti-spike IgG were detected in 36.8%, 35.2%, and 52.0% of the PwMS, respectively. Multivariate regression indicated a 96% (OR: 0.04 [95% CI: 0.00, 0.51], P = 0.013), 93% (OR: 0.07 [0.01, 0.64], P = 0.019), and 89% (OR: 0.11 [0.01, 0.96], P = 0.045) reduced odds of positive neutralizing antibody, anti-nucleocapsid IgG, and anti-spike IgG, respectively, among fingolimod-receivers. Additionally, anti-CD20s-receivers had 88% (OR: 0.12 [0.02, 0.85], P = 0.034) lower odds of being positive for anti-nucleocapsid IgG. CONCLUSIONS BBIBP-CorV appeared to be well tolerated in PwMS, with promising clinical efficacy. However, a suboptimal humoral response was observed in PwMS receiving fingolimod and anti-CD20s. Future research should investigate the relationship between humoral responses and the frequency and severity of COVID-19 infection across various DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Jameie
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebadi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amanollahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Amani
- Neurology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nobahari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Mousavi
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Bahareh Pourghaz
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.
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23
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Ramirez SI, Lopez PG, Faraji F, Parikh UM, Heaps A, Ritz J, Moser C, Eron JJ, Wohl DA, Currier JS, Daar ES, Greninger AL, Klekotka P, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Peters B, Hughes MD, Chew KW, Smith DM, Crotty S. Early antiviral CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and antibodies are associated with upper respiratory tract clearance of SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.25.564014. [PMID: 37961119 PMCID: PMC10634820 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.564014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
T cells are involved in protective immunity against numerous viral infections. Data regarding functional roles of human T cells in SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) viral clearance in primary COVID-19 are limited. To address this knowledge gap, samples were assessed for associations between SARS2 upper respiratory tract viral RNA levels and early virus-specific adaptive immune responses for 95 unvaccinated clinical trial participants with acute primary COVID-19 aged 18-86 years old, approximately half of whom were considered high risk for progression to severe COVID-19. Functionality and magnitude of acute SARS2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were evaluated, in addition to antibody responses. Most individuals with acute COVID-19 developed SARS2-specific T cell responses within 6 days of COVID-19 symptom onset. Early CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell responses were polyfunctional, and both strongly associated with reduced upper respiratory tract SARS2 viral RNA, independent of neutralizing antibody titers. Overall, these findings provide evidence for protective roles for circulating SARS2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells during acute COVID-19.
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24
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Lam LK, Tan JT, Ooi PH, Zhang R, Chan KH, Mao X, Hung IFN, Seto WK, Yuen MF, Cheung KS. Effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 39152762 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to investigate the effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on three-dose BNT162b2 immunogenicity to the omicron variant. METHODS Adult recipients of three doses of BNT162b2 were prospectively recruited between May and December 2021. The serology of the neutralizing antibody by live virus microneutralization (vMN) to the omicron variant was measured at baseline, day 180, and day 360 after the first dose. The primary outcome was seroconversion (vMN titer ≥ 10) at day 360. Exposure of interest was MASLD, defined as hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m on transient elastography) plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects with prior COVID-19 were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to derive the adjusted odds ratio of seroconversion with MASLD by adjusting for age, sex, antibiotic use, and proton pump inhibitor use. RESULTS One hundred forty-eight BNT162b2 recipients (male: 48 [32.4%]; median age: 51.0 years [interquartile range, IQR: 44.5-57.3]) were recruited. The median time from the first dose to the third dose was 8.5 months (IQR: 7.9-8.9). MASLD subjects had a lower seroconversion rate than non-MASLD ones (89.6% vs 99.0%; P = 0.007). MASLD was the only independent risk factor for seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio: 0.051, 95% confidence interval: 0.002-0.440). Subgroup analysis of immunogenicity at 4 months after the third dose shows significantly lower vMN titer (13.06 [IQR: 7.69-22.20] vs 33.49 [IQR: 24.05-46.53]; P = 0.004) and seroconversion rate (76.9% vs 97.4%; P = 0.016) in MASLD than non-MASLD subjects, but not within 4 months from the third dose (vMN titer: 46.87 [IQR: 33.12-66.02] vs 41.86 [IQR: 34.47-50.91], P = 0.240; seroconversion rate: 94.3% vs 100%, P = 0.131). CONCLUSION Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was a risk factor for poorer immunogenicity to the omicron variant, with a more pronounced waning effect compared among three-dose BNT162b2 recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Ka Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Tong Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Poh Hwa Ooi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xianhua Mao
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Man Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Chalkias S, McGhee N, Whatley JL, Essink B, Brosz A, Tomassini JE, Girard B, Edwards DK, Wu K, Nasir A, Lee D, Avena LE, Feng J, Deng W, Montefiori DC, Baden LR, Miller JM, Das R. Interim Report of the Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 XBB-Containing Vaccines. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:e279-e286. [PMID: 38349280 PMCID: PMC11326827 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-containing vaccines were approved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2023-2024 immunizations. METHODS This ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 study evaluated messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273.815 monovalent (50-µg Omicron XBB.1.5 spike mRNA) and mRNA-1273.231 bivalent (25-µg each Omicron XBB.1.5 and BA.4/BA.5 spike mRNAs) vaccines, administered as fifth doses to adults who previously received primary series, third doses of an original mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, and fourth doses of an Omicron BA.4/BA.5 bivalent vaccine. Interim safety and immunogenicity 29 days after vaccination are reported. RESULTS Participants (randomized 1:1) received 50-µg of mRNA-1273.815 (n = 50) or mRNA-1273.231 (n = 51); median intervals (interquartile range) from prior BA.4/BA.5 bivalent doses were 8.2 (8.1-8.3) and 8.3 (8.1-8.4) months, respectively. Fold increases in neutralizing antibody (nAb) against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants from prebooster nAb levels were numerically higher against XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, BA.2.86, and JN.1 than BA.4/BA.5, BQ.1.1, or D614G on day 29. Monovalent vaccine also cross-neutralized FL.1.5.1, EG.5.1, BA.2.86, HK.3.1, HV.1, and JN.1 variants in a participant subset (n = 20) 15 days after vaccination. Reactogenicity was similar to that of mRNA-1273 vaccines. CONCLUSIONS XBB.1.5-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines elicit robust, diverse nAb responses against more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including JN.1, supporting the XBB.1.5-spike update for COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Chalkias
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nichole McGhee
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Brosz
- Meridian Clinical Research, Grand Island, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joanne E Tomassini
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bethany Girard
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darin K Edwards
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arshan Nasir
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Lee
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura E Avena
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiping Deng
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Miller
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rituparna Das
- Infectious Disease, Research and Development, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Goh YS, Fong SW, Hor PX, Loh CY, Wang B, Salleh SNM, Ngoh EZX, Lee RTC, Poh XY, Rao S, Chia PY, Ong SWX, Lee TH, Lim C, Teo J, Pada S, Sun LJ, Ong DLS, Somani J, Lee ES, Maurer-Stroh S, Wang CI, Leo YS, Lye DC, Young BE, Ng LFP, Renia L. Variant-Specific IgA Protects Against Omicron Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:e287-e291. [PMID: 37996071 PMCID: PMC11326848 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of rapidly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, coupled with waning vaccine-induced immunity, has contributed to the rise of vaccine breakthrough infections. It is crucial to understand how vaccine-induced protection is mediated. METHODS We examined 2 prospective cohorts of mRNA vaccinated and boosted individuals during the Omicron wave of infection in Singapore. RESULTS We found that individuals who remain uninfected over the follow-up period had a higher variant-specific IgA, but not IgG, antibody response at 1 month after booster vaccination, compared with individuals who became infected. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that IgA may have a potential contributory role in protection against Omicron infection. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT05142319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raphael Tze Chuen Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
| | - Xuan Ying Poh
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suma Rao
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean W X Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jefanie Teo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Surinder Pada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louisa Jin Sun
- Infectious Diseases, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jyoti Somani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, National Institute of Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Gillot C, David C, Dogné JM, Cabo J, Douxfils J, Favresse J. Neutralizing antibodies against KP.2 and KP.3: why the current vaccine needs an update. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0919. [PMID: 39147380 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Constant Gillot
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Clara David
- Research and Development Department, Qualiblood s.a., Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Research and Development Department, Qualiblood s.a., Namur, Belgium
- Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Favresse
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
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28
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Weskamm LM, Tarnow P, Harms C, Huchon M, Raadsen MP, Friedrich M, Rübenacker L, Grüttner C, Garcia MG, Koch T, Becker S, Sutter G, Lhomme E, Haagmans BL, Fathi A, Blois SM, Dahlke C, Richert L, Addo MM. Dissecting humoral immune responses to an MVA-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine in humans using a systems serology approach. iScience 2024; 27:110470. [PMID: 39148710 PMCID: PMC11325358 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides neutralizing antibodies, which are considered an important measure for vaccine immunogenicity, Fc-mediated antibody functions can contribute to antibody-mediated protection. They are strongly influenced by structural antibody properties such as subclass and Fc glycan composition. We here applied a systems serology approach to dissect humoral immune responses induced by MVA-MERS-S, an MVA-vectored vaccine against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Building on preceding studies reporting the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-MERS-S, our study highlights the potential of a late boost, administered one year after prime, to enhance both neutralizing and Fc-mediated antibody functionality compared to the primary vaccination series. Distinct characteristics were observed for antibodies specific to the MERS-CoV spike protein S1 and S2 subunits, regarding subclass and glycan compositions as well as Fc functionality. These findings highlight the benefit of a late homologous booster vaccination with MVA-MERS-S and may be of interest for the design of future coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Tarnow
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Harms
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Glyco-HAM, a Cooperation of Universität Hamburg, Technology Platform Mass Spectrometry and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Huchon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, INRIA, BPH, U1219, Sistm, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Matthijs P Raadsen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Friedrich
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Rübenacker
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mariana G Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Glyco-HAM, a Cooperation of Universität Hamburg, Technology Platform Mass Spectrometry and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koch
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Antibiotic Stewardship Team, Pharmacy of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Edouard Lhomme
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, INRIA, BPH, U1219, Sistm, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anahita Fathi
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Glyco-HAM, a Cooperation of Universität Hamburg, Technology Platform Mass Spectrometry and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, INRIA, BPH, U1219, Sistm, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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Hawley DM, Pérez-Umphrey AA, Adelman JS, Fleming-Davies AE, Garrett-Larsen J, Geary SJ, Childs LM, Langwig KE. Prior exposure to pathogens augments host heterogeneity in susceptibility and has key epidemiological consequences. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583455. [PMID: 38496428 PMCID: PMC10942282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen epidemics are key threats to human and wildlife health. Across systems, host protection from pathogens following initial exposure is often incomplete, resulting in recurrent epidemics through partially-immune hosts. Variation in population-level protection has important consequences for epidemic dynamics, but how acquired protection influences inter-individual heterogeneity in susceptibility and its epidemiological consequences remains understudied. We experimentally investigated whether prior exposure (none, low-dose, or high-dose) to a bacterial pathogen alters host heterogeneity in susceptibility among songbirds. Hosts with no prior pathogen exposure had little variation in protection, but heterogeneity in susceptibility was significantly augmented by prior pathogen exposure, with the highest variability detected in hosts given high-dose prior exposure. An epidemiological model parameterized with experimental data found that heterogeneity in susceptibility from prior exposure more than halved epidemic sizes compared with a homogeneous population with identical mean protection. However, because infection-induced mortality was also greatly reduced in hosts with prior pathogen exposure, reductions in epidemic size were smaller than expected in hosts with prior exposure. These results highlight the importance of variable protection from prior exposure and/or vaccination in driving population-level heterogeneity and epidemiological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Hawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - James S. Adelman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Steven J. Geary
- Department of Pathobiology & Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lauren M. Childs
- Department of Mathematics and Virginia Tech Center for Mathematics of Biosystems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kate E. Langwig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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30
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Tsoi HW, Ng MKW, Cai JP, Poon RWS, Chan BPC, Chan KH, Tam AR, Chu WM, Hung IFN, To KKW. The impact of vaccine type and booster dose on the magnitude and breadth of SARS-CoV-2-specific systemic and mucosal antibodies among COVID-19 vaccine recipients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35334. [PMID: 39166006 PMCID: PMC11334685 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on global health and economy, which was significantly mitigated by the availability of COVID-19 vaccines. The levels of systemic and mucosal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with protection. However, there is limited data on how vaccine type and booster doses affect mucosal antibody response, and how the breadth of mucosal and systemic antibodies compares. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the magnitude and breadth of mucosal and systemic antibodies in 108 individuals who received either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or CoronaVac (SinoVac) vaccine. We found that BNT162b2 (vs CoronaVac) or booster doses (vs two doses) were significantly associated with higher serum IgG levels, but were not significantly associated with salivary IgA levels, regardless of prior infection status. Among non-infected individuals, serum IgG, serum IgA and salivary IgG levels were significantly higher against the ancestral strain than the Omicron BA.2 sublineage, but salivary IgA levels did not differ between the strains. Salivary IgA had the weakest correlation with serum IgG (r = 0.34) compared with salivary IgG (r = 0.63) and serum IgA (r = 0.60). Our findings suggest that intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines elicit a distinct mucosal IgA response that differs from the systemic IgG response. As mucosal IgA independently correlates with protection, vaccine trials should include mucosal IgA as an outcome measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Miko Ka-Wai Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Brian Pui-Chun Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Ming Chu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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31
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Indrati AR, Horian E, Dewi NS, Suraya N, Tiara MR, Djauhari H, Alisjahbana B. The Protection Level of S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Using the Chemiluminescent Immunoassay Compared to the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Method. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1776. [PMID: 39202264 PMCID: PMC11353806 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection in high-risk populations is fatal and has a poor prognosis, necessitating a test to determine the protectiveness of immune response. Antibody testing is necessary to determine the body's immune response to COVID-19 infection and also vaccination strategies. Among the various methods available, the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) test is more widely used and accessible to determine antibody levels. This study aimed to determine the protection level of S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG using CLIA compared to the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (SVNT). The population of this study comprised all healthcare professionals who experienced S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level examinations. S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were examined using CLIA and SVNT. The cut-off was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) measurements were evaluated. The result showed a strong positive correlation between S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG CLIA and SVNT, with a value of r = 0.933 and p < 0.001. The value ≥ 37.29 BAU/mL was determined as the cut-off based on SVNT 30% inhibition level with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 96.5%, 90.9%, 96.5%, and 90.9%, respectively. A titer of antibodies greater than or equal to 37.29 BAU/mL with CLIA showed the presence of protective antibodies compared to SVNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Rengga Indrati
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
| | - Erinca Horian
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nina Susana Dewi
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Suraya
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Marita Restie Tiara
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
| | - Hofiya Djauhari
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
- Departement of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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Sullivan DJ. Convalescent Plasma and Other Antibody Therapies for Infectious Diseases-Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Future Prospects. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 39117846 DOI: 10.1007/82_2024_273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral passive antibody therapy includes convalescent plasma, hyperimmune globulin, and monoclonal antibodies. Passive antibodies have proven effective in reducing morbidity and mortality for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases when given early in the disease course with sufficiently high specific total and neutralizing antibody levels. Convalescent plasma can be delivered to patients before vaccination implementation or novel drug production. Carefully designed and executed randomized controlled trials near the pandemic outset are important for regulatory bodies, healthcare workers, guideline committees, the public, and the government. Unfortunately, many otherwise well-designed antibody-based clinical trials in COVID-19 were futile, either because they intervened too late in the disease or provided plasma with insufficient antibodies. The need for early treatment mandates outpatient clinical trials in parallel with inpatient trials. Early outpatient COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion with high antibody content within 9 days of symptom onset has proven effective in blunting disease progression and reducing hospitalization, thus reducing hospital overcrowding in a pandemic. Convalescent plasma offers the opportunity for hope by enabling community participation in outpatient curative therapy while monoclonal therapies, vaccines, and drugs are being developed. Maintaining the appropriate infrastructure for antibody infusion in both outpatient and inpatient facilities is critical for future pandemic readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St Rm W4606, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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33
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Quek AML, Wang S, Teng O, Shunmuganathan B, Er BGC, Mahmud NFB, Ng IXQ, Gupta R, Tan ISL, Tan NY, Qian X, Purushotorman K, Teoh HL, Ng KWP, Goh Y, Soon DTL, Tay SH, Teng GG, Ma M, Chandran NS, Hartono JL, MacAry PA, Seet RCS. Hybrid immunity augments cross-variant protection against COVID-19 among immunocompromised individuals. J Infect 2024; 89:106238. [PMID: 39121971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection differs considerably among individuals. We investigate the critical pathways that influence vaccine-induced cross-variant serological immunity among individuals at high-risk of COVID-19 complications. METHODS Neutralizing antibodies to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants (Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron) were analyzed in patients with autoimmune diseases, chronic comorbidities (multimorbidity), and healthy controls. Antibody levels were assessed at baseline and at different intervals up to 12 months following primary and booster vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Immunity induced by vaccination with and without infection (hybrid immunity) was compared with that of unvaccinated individuals with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma cytokines were analyzed to investigate variations in antibody production following vaccination. RESULTS Patients with autoimmune diseases (n = 137) produced lesser antibodies to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants compared with those in the multimorbidity (n = 153) and healthy groups (n = 229); antibody levels were significantly lower in patients with neuromyelitis optica and those on prednisolone, mycophenolate or rituximab treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified neuromyelitis optica (odds ratio 8.20, 95% CI 1.68-39.9) and mycophenolate (13.69, 3.78-49.5) as significant predictors of a poorer antibody response to vaccination (i.e, neutralizing antibody <40%). Infected participants exhibited antibody levels that were 28.7% higher (95% CI 24.7-32.7) compared to non-infected participants six months after receiving a booster vaccination. Individuals infected during the Delta outbreak generated cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant in quantities comparable to those observed after infection with the Omicron variant itself. In contrast, unvaccinated individuals recently infected with the wild-type (n = 2390) consistently displayed lower levels of neutralizing antibodies against both the wild-type virus and other variants. Pathway analyses suggested an inverse relationship between baseline T cell subsets and antibody production following vaccination. CONCLUSION Hybrid immunity confers a robust protection against COVID-19 among immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy May Lin Quek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ooiean Teng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernadette Guek Cheng Er
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nor Fa'izah Binte Mahmud
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Isabel Xue Qi Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Siang Ling Tan
- Cambridge-NUS Cell Phenotyping Center, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikki Yj Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hock Luen Teoh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kay Wei Ping Ng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yihui Goh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Derek Tuck Loong Soon
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gim Gee Teng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Margaret Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nisha Suyien Chandran
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Juanda Leo Hartono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cambridge-NUS Cell Phenotyping Center, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Chee Seong Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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34
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Wang Y, Ma Q, Li M, Mai Q, Ma L, Zhang H, Zhong H, Mai K, Cheng N, Feng P, Guan P, Wu S, Zhang L, Dai J, Zhang B, Pan W, Yang Z. A decavalent composite mRNA vaccine against both influenza and COVID-19. mBio 2024:e0066824. [PMID: 39105586 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00668-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a persistent and significant impact on global public health for 4 years. Recently, there has been a resurgence of seasonal influenza transmission worldwide. The co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses results in a dual burden on communities. Additionally, the pandemic potential of zoonotic influenza viruses, such as avian Influenza A/H5N1 and A/H7N9, remains a concern. Therefore, a combined vaccine against all these respiratory diseases is in urgent need. mRNA vaccines, with their superior efficacy, speed in development, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, offer a promising solution for such infectious diseases and potential future pandemics. In this study, we present FLUCOV-10, a novel 10-valent mRNA vaccine created from our proven platform. This vaccine encodes hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from four seasonal influenza viruses and two avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential, as well as spike proteins from four SARS-CoV-2 variants. A two-dose immunization with the FLUCOV-10 elicited robust immune responses in mice, producing IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses against all the vaccine-matched viruses of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, the FLUCOV-10 immunization provided complete protection in mouse models against both homologous and heterologous strains of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. These results highlight the potential of FLUCOV-10 as an effective vaccine candidate for the prevention of influenza and COVID-19.IMPORTANCEAmidst the ongoing and emerging respiratory viral threats, particularly the concurrent and sequential spread of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, our research introduces FLUCOV-10. This novel mRNA-based combination vaccine, designed to counteract both influenza and COVID-19, by incorporating genes for surface glycoproteins from various influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants. This combination vaccine was highly effective in preclinical trials, generating strong immune responses and ensuring protection against both matching and heterologous strains of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. FLUCOV-10 represents a significant step forward in our ability to address respiratory viral threats, showcasing potential as a singular, adaptable vaccine solution for global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinhai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Kailin Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Feng
- Respiratory Disease AI Laboratory on Epidemic and Medical Big Data Instrument Applications, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Peikun Guan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biliang Zhang
- Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Respiratory Disease AI Laboratory on Epidemic and Medical Big Data Instrument Applications, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Respiratory Disease AI Laboratory on Epidemic and Medical Big Data Instrument Applications, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Augello M, Wagenhäuser I, Krone M, Dauby N, Ferrara P, Sabbatucci M, Ruta S, Rezahosseini O, Velikov P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Montes J, Franco-Paredes C, Goodman AL, Küçükkaya S, Tuells J, Harboe ZB, Epaulard O. Should SARS-CoV-2 serological testing be used in the decision to deliver a COVID-19 vaccine booster? A pro-con assessment. Vaccine 2024:126184. [PMID: 39097440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has saved millions of lives in the past few years. To maintain a high level of protection, particularly in at-risk populations, booster doses are recommended to counter the waning of circulating antibody levels over time and the continuous emergence of immune escape variants of concern (VOCs). As anti-spike serology is now widely available, it may be considered a useful tool to identify individuals needing an additional vaccine dose, i.e., to screen certain populations to identify those whose plasma antibody levels are too low to provide protection. However, no recommendations are currently available on this topic. We reviewed the relevant supporting and opposing arguments, including areas of uncertainty, and concluded that in most populations, spike serology should not be used to decide about the administration of a booster dose. The main counterarguments are as follows: correlates of protection are imperfectly characterised, essentially owing to the emergence of VOCs; spike serology has an intrinsic inability to comprehensively reflect the whole immune memory; and booster vaccines are now VOC-adapted, while the commonly available commercial serological assays explore antibodies against the original virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabell Wagenhäuser
- University Hospital Würzburg, Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Krone
- University Hospital Würzburg, Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Environmental health and occupational health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Public Health, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Ruta
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Omid Rezahosseini
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Petar Velikov
- Clinic for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Hospital "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Global Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Jose Montes
- Investigación en Resistencia Antibiótica (INVERA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fundación del Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA; Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Centre for Infection Diagnostics research, Department of Infection at at King's College London and Guys' and St Thomas NHS Foundation trust, London, UK
| | - Sertaç Küçükkaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose Tuells
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e historia de la ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Olivier Epaulard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Infectiologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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36
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Dallan B, Proietto D, De Laurentis M, Gallerani E, Martino M, Ghisellini S, Zurlo A, Volpato S, Govoni B, Borghesi M, Albanese V, Appay V, Bonnini S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Pacifico S, Grumiro L, Brandolini M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Ladell K, Parry HM, Moss PAH, Price DA, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Nicoli F. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:1121-1136. [PMID: 38918602 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina De Laurentis
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mara Martino
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Ghisellini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amedeo Zurlo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Govoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Borghesi
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefano Bonnini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Semprini
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Helen M Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A H Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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37
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Runnstrom MC, Lamothe PA, Faliti CE, Cheedarla N, Moreno A, Suthar MS, Nahata R, Ravindran M, Haddad NS, Morrison-Porter A, Quehl H, Ramonell RP, Woodruff M, Anam F, Zhang R, Swenson C, Polito C, Neveu W, Patel R, Smirnova N, Nguyen DC, Kim C, Hentenaar I, Kyu S, Usman S, Ngo T, Guo Z, Wu H, Daiss JL, Park J, Manning KE, Wali B, Ellis ML, Sharma S, Holguin F, Cheedarla S, Neish AS, Roback JD, Sanz I, Eun-Hyung Lee F. Patients taking benralizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab have lower postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:435-446. [PMID: 38878020 PMCID: PMC11305925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic therapies inhibiting the IL-4 or IL-5 pathways are very effective in the treatment of asthma and other related conditions. However, the cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 also play a role in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Although these biologics do not cause overt immunosuppression, their effect in primary severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunization has not been studied completely. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the antibody and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients on biologics (PoBs). METHODS Patients with severe asthma or atopic dermatitis who were taking benralizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab and had received the initial dose of the 2-dose adult SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine were enrolled in a prospective, observational study. As our control group, we used a cohort of immunologically healthy subjects (with no significant immunosuppression) who were not taking biologics (NBs). We used a multiplexed immunoassay to measure antibody levels, neutralization assays to assess antibody function, and flow cytometry to quantitate Spike-specific lymphocytes. RESULTS We analyzed blood from 57 patients in the PoB group and 46 control subjects from the NB group. The patients in the PoB group had lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, pseudovirus neutralization, live virus neutralization, and frequencies of Spike-specific B and CD8 T cells at 6 months after vaccination. In subgroup analyses, patients with asthma who were taking biologics had significantly lower pseudovirus neutralization than did subjects with asthma who were not taking biologics. CONCLUSION The patients in the PoB group had reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers, neutralizing activity, and virus-specific B- and CD8 T-cell counts. These results have implications when considering development of a more individualized immunization strategy in patients who receive biologic medications blocking IL-4 or IL-5 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Runnstrom
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Pedro A Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Caterina E Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Rishika Nahata
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Mayuran Ravindran
- J. Willis Hurst Internal Medicine Residency Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Natalie S Haddad
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Andrea Morrison-Porter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Hannah Quehl
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Richard P Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Matthew Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Fabliha Anam
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Rebeca Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Colin Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Carmen Polito
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Wendy Neveu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Rahulkumar Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Natalia Smirnova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Caroline Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Ian Hentenaar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Sabeena Usman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Thuy Ngo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Zhenxing Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - John L Daiss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Jiwon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Kelly E Manning
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Bursha Wali
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Madison L Ellis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo
| | - Suneethamma Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - John D Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
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Sieghart D, Hana CA, Dürrschmid C, Heinz LX, Haslacher H, Zlesak M, Piccini G, Manenti A, Montomoli E, Jorda A, Fedrizzi C, Hasenoehrl T, Zdravkovic A, Anderle K, Wiedermann U, Drapalik S, Steinbrecher H, Bergmann F, Firbas C, Jordakieva G, Wagner B, Leonardi M, Pierleoni G, Ballini M, Benincasa L, Marchi S, Trombetta C, Perkmann T, Crevenna R, Zeitlinger M, Bonelli M, Aletaha D, Radner H. Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 booster vaccination: A population-based clinical trial to identify the best vaccination strategy. J Clin Virol 2024; 173:105661. [PMID: 38503118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) characterized by higher transmissibility and immune evasion have emerged. Despite reduced vaccine efficacy against VOCs, currently available vaccines provide protection. Population-based evidence on the humoral immune response after booster vaccination is crucial to guide future vaccination strategies and in preparation for imminent COVID-19 waves. METHODS This multicenter, population-based cohort study included 4697 individuals ≥18 years of age who received a booster vaccination. Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron variants were assessed at baseline (day of booster vaccination) and after four weeks. Safety was evaluated daily within the first week using a participant-completed electronic diary. Antibody levels were compared across different vaccination strategies, taking into account individual host factors. RESULTS Our main model including 3838 participants revealed that individuals who received a booster with mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b2 vaccine had a significantly higher increase (95 %CI) in anti-RBD-antibody levels (37,707 BAU/mL [34,575-40,839] vs. 27,176 BAU/mL [26,265-28,087]), and of neutralization levels against WT (1,681 [1490-1872] vs. 1141 [1004-1278] and Omicron variant (422 [369-474] vs. 329 [284-374]). Neutralizing antibody titres highly correlated with anti-RBD antibodies, with neutralizing capacity 4.4 fold higher against WT compared to Omicron. No differences in safety were found between the two booster vaccines. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the superiority of a booster vaccination with mRNA-1273, independent of the primary vaccination and therefore provides guidance on the vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sieghart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia A Hana
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Dürrschmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zlesak
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Vismederi srl, Siena, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anselm Jorda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fedrizzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Hasenoehrl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Zdravkovic
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Anderle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Felix Bergmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Firbas
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helga Radner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chen Y, Cao Z, Lu S, Wang Z, Ma C, Zhang G, Chen M, Yang J, Ren Z, Xu J. Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN Enhances the Immune Response to Vaccination in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1117-1129. [PMID: 38169032 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that some probiotics can improve vaccine responses as adjuvants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN (PPM) on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune response in mice. Six-week-old female ICR mice were primed and boosted with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intramuscularly at weeks 0 and 4, respectively. Mice were gavaged with PPM (5 × 109 CFU/mouse) or PBS (control) for 3 days immediately after boosting vaccination. Compared to the control, oral PPM administration resulted in significantly higher levels of RBD-specific IgG binding antibodies (> 2.3-fold) and RBD-specific IgG1 binding antibodies (> 4-fold) in the serum. Additionally, PPM-treated mice had higher titers of RBD-specific IgG binding antibodies (> 2.29-fold) and neutralization antibodies (> 1.6-fold) in the lung compared to the control mice. The transcriptional analyses showed that the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway was upregulated in both splenocytes and BAL cells in the PPM group vs. the control group. In addition, the number of IFN-γ-producing splenocytes (mainly in CD4 + T cells as determined by flow cytometry) in response to restimulation of RBD peptides was significantly increased in the PPM group. RNA sequencing showed that the genes associated with T cell activation and maturation and MHC class II pathway (CD4, H2-DMa, H2-DMb1, H2-Oa, Ctss) were upregulated, suggesting that oral administration of PPM may enhance CD4 + T cell responses through MHC class II pathway. Furthermore, PPM administration could downregulate the expression level of proinflammatory genes. To conclude, oral administration of PPM could boost SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy through enhancing the specific humoral and cellular immunity response and decrease the expression of inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhijie Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Simin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- Research Unite for Unknown Microbe, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhihuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Gui Zhang
- Infection Management Office, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Mengshan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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40
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Nel I, Ithayakumar A, Blumenthal N, Duneton C, Khourouj VGE, Viala J, Dollfus C, Baudouin V, Guilmin-Crepon S, Theodorou I, Carcelain G. Strategies to determine positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T lymphocyte response during the evolution of an epidemic. J Immunol Methods 2024; 531:113712. [PMID: 38906414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
During SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the assessment of immune protection of people at risk of severe infection was an important goal. The appearance of VOCs (Variant of Concern) highlighted the limits of evaluating immune protection through the humoral response. While the humoral response partly loses its neutralizing activity, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T cell response strongly cross protects against VOCs becoming an indispensable tool to assess immune protection. We compared two techniques available in laboratory to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T cell response in a cohort of infected or vaccinated patients with different levels of risk to develop a severe disease: the ELISpot assay and the T-Cell Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay respectively exploring IFNγ production and cell proliferation. We showed that the ELISpot assay detected more anti-Spike memory T cell response than the Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay. We next observed that the use of two different suppliers as antigenic source in the ELISpot assay did not affect the detection of anti-Spike memory T cell response. Finally, we explored a new approach for defining the positivity threshold, using unsupervised mixed Gaussian modeling, challenging the traditional ROC curve used by the supplier. That will be helpful in endemic situation where it could be difficult to recruit "negative" patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Nel
- Immunology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, INSERM U976, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Duneton
- Immunology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, INSERM U976, France; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Viala
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Dollfus
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baudouin
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guilmin-Crepon
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Inserm CIC-EC 1426, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Guislaine Carcelain
- Immunology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, INSERM U976, France.
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Gong X, Peng L, Wang F, Liu J, Tang Y, Peng Y, Niu S, Yin J, Guo L, Lu H, Liu Y, Yang Y. Repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from previous vaccination and induces broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron sub-variants. J Infect 2024; 89:106208. [PMID: 38908522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Similar with influenza virus, antigenic drift is highly relevant to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and immune imprinting has been found to limit the performance of updated vaccines based on the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate whether repeated exposure to Omicron variant could reduce the immune imprinting from previous vaccination. METHODS A total of 194 participants with different status of vaccination (unvaccinated, regular vaccination and booster vaccination) confirmed for first infection and re-infection with BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants were enrolled, and the neutralizing profiles against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron sub-variants were analyzed. RESULTS Neutralizing potency against the corresponding infected variant is significantly hampered along with the doses of vaccination during first infection. However, for the participants with first infection of BA.5/BF.7 variants and re-infection of XBB variant, immune imprinting was obviously alleviated, indicated as significantly increased ratio of the corresponding infected variant/WT ID50 titers and higher percentage of samples with high neutralizing activities (ID50 > 500) against BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants. Moreover, repeated Omicron infection could induce strong neutralizing potency with broad neutralizing profiles against a series of other Omicron sub-variants, both in the vaccine naive and vaccine experienced individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from vaccination with WT SARS-CoV-2 and induces broad neutralizing profiles against Omicron sub-variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiexiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yimin Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Juzhen Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
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Lapadula G, Mezzadri L, Lo Cascio G, Antolini L, Malandrin S, Ranzani A, Limonta S, Cavallero A, Bonfanti P. Anti-spike antibody level is associated with the risk of clinical progression among subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia: results from a retrospective cohort study. Infection 2024; 52:1499-1509. [PMID: 38652224 PMCID: PMC11289057 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) may confer protection against symptomatic COVID-19. Whether their level predicts progression among those with COVID-19 pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess predictors of anti-S levels and whether anti-S titer is associated with death or mechanical ventilation (MV). Adults hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia between July 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled if anti-S had been measured within 72 h of admission. Predictors of anti-S level were explored using multivariable quantile regression. The association between anti-S levels and 30-day death/MV was investigated via multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by vaccine status. RESULTS The median anti-S level was 1370 BAU/ml in 328 vaccinated and 15.5 BAU/ml in 206 unvaccinated individuals. Among the vaccinated, shorter symptom duration (p = 0.001), hematological malignancies (p = 0.002), and immunosuppressive therapy (p = 0.004) were associated with lower anti-S levels. In the unvaccinated group, symptom duration was the only predictor of anti-S levels (p < 0.001). After 30 days, 134 patients experienced death or MV. Among vaccinated individuals, higher anti-S levels correlated significantly with lower death/MV risk (per log2 increase, OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.81-0.97), irrespective of age and solid malignancies. Among unvaccinated, a marginally protective effect was observed (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.73-1.01), independent of age, immunosuppressive therapy, and diabetes. Adjustment for monoclonal antibody treatment strengthened the association (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.68-0.96). CONCLUSION This study suggests that levels of anti-S antibodies can predict critical or fatal outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia patients, regardless of vaccination. Whether anti-S Ab could guide risk assessment and vaccination boosting merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lapadula
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Mezzadri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giustina Lo Cascio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Center-B4, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Malandrin
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Ranzani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Limonta
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cavallero
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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43
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Feng J, Pu Z, Li R, Li Y, Qin X, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Correlation between circulating T follicular helper cell levels after infection and a decreased risk of COVID-19 re-infection. Virol Sin 2024; 39:699-701. [PMID: 38852919 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Feng
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zeyu Pu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuewen Qin
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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van der Straten K, Guerra D, Kerster G, Claireaux M, Grobben M, Schriek AI, Boyd A, van Rijswijk J, Tejjani K, Eggink D, Beaumont T, de Taeye SW, de Bree GJ, Sanders RW, van Gils MJ. Primary SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern infections elicit broad antibody Fc-mediated effector functions and memory B cell responses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012453. [PMID: 39146376 PMCID: PMC11349224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by human sera is a strong correlate of protection against symptomatic and severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The emergence of antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and the relatively rapid waning of serum antibody titers, however, raises questions about the sustainability of serum protection. In addition to serum neutralization, other antibody functionalities and the memory B cell (MBC) response are suggested to help maintaining this protection. In this study, we investigate the breadth of spike (S) protein-specific serum antibodies that mediate effector functions by interacting with Fc-gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) and FcγRIIIa, and of the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific MBCs, following a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection with the D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 variant. Irrespectively of the variant causing the infection, the breadth of S protein-specific serum antibodies that interact with FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa and the RBD-specific MBC responses exceeded the breadth of serum neutralization, although the Alpha-induced B cell response seemed more strain-specific. Between VOC groups, both quantitative and qualitative differences in the immune responses were observed, suggesting differences in immunogenicity. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of protective humoral and B cell responses in the light of emerging antigenically distinct VOCs, and highlights the need to study the immune system beyond serum neutralization to gain a better understanding of the protection against emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van der Straten
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Guerra
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gius Kerster
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela I. Schriek
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Boyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Stichting HIV monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van Rijswijk
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Beaumont
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W. de Taeye
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J. de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dickey TH, Salinas ND, Patel P, Orr-Gonzalez S, Ouahes T, McAleese H, Richardson BL, Singleton M, Murphy M, Eaton B, Kwan JL, Holbrook MR, Lambert LE, Tolia NH. RBD design increases the functional antibody titers elicited by SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccination. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105937. [PMID: 38901738 PMCID: PMC11250568 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Most COVID-19 vaccines contain the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as an antigen, but they lose efficacy as neutralizing antibody titers wane and escape variants emerge. Modifying the spike antigen to increase neutralizing antibody titers would help counteract this decrease in titer. We previously used a structure-based computational design method to identify nine amino acid changes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike that stabilize the RBD and increase the neutralizing antibody titers elicited by vaccination. Here, we introduce those enhancing amino acid changes into a full-length spike (FL-S-2P) ectodomain representative of most approved vaccine antigens. These amino acid changes can be incorporated into the FL-S-2P protein without negatively effecting expression or stability. Furthermore, the amino acid changes improved functional antibody titers in both mice and monkeys following vaccination. These amino acid changes could increase the duration of protection conferred by most COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne H Dickey
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Nichole D Salinas
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Palak Patel
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Sachy Orr-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Tarik Ouahes
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Holly McAleese
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Brandi L Richardson
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Myesha Singleton
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Brett Eaton
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kwan
- Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lynn E Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Niraj H Tolia
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
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Jangiam W, Swangpun K, Iamsirithaworn S, Piriyasatit S, Bhukdee D. Relative vaccine effectiveness of ChAdOx1/AZD1222 vaccines as booster dose via intradermal injection with a one-fifth dose compared with the intramuscular injection in the prevention of SAR-CoV-2 infections in Phuket: A retrospective cohort study. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 147:107179. [PMID: 39094764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the real-world relative vaccine effectiveness of the ChAdOx1/AZD1222 vaccine given intradermally at one-fifth dose compared to the standard intramuscular injection, following the completion of 2 doses of CoronaVac, due to limited vaccine availability in Thailand during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHOD This retrospective cohort study used 138,264 records from Vachira Phuket Hospital, Phuket, Thailand. The records were divided into 2 groups: 49,387 recipients received one-fifth doses via intradermal injections, and 88,877 recipients received standard-dose intramuscular injections from September 14 to October 3, 2021, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Relative vaccine effectiveness for the cohorts was estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio between the intradermal and intramuscular groups was 0.88 (95% Confidence Interval 0.76-1.02, P = 0.09), indicating a nonsignificant protective factor for the intradermal group. Further stratified analysis revealed no significant difference between the 2 groups. The 21 and 28-day postvaccination periods minimized the possibility of confounding due to differences in the cohorts' timeframes. CONCLUSION A booster dose of ChAdOx1/AZD1222 given intradermally at one-fifth dose did not show a significant difference compared to the standard intramuscular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Withita Jangiam
- Samut Sakhon Provincial Public Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Samut Sakhon, Thailand; Vachira Phuket Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Kusuma Swangpun
- Phuket Provincial Public Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Phuket, Thailand
| | | | | | - Dhup Bhukdee
- The Gang Technology Co., Ltd., Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Computational Molecular Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand; International Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Cori A, Kucharski A. Inference of epidemic dynamics in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Epidemics 2024; 48:100784. [PMID: 39167954 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the key role that epidemiology and modelling play in analysing infectious threats and supporting decision making in real-time. Motivated by the unprecedented volume and breadth of data generated during the pandemic, we review modern opportunities for analysis to address questions that emerge during a major modern epidemic. Following the broad chronology of insights required - from understanding initial dynamics to retrospective evaluation of interventions, we describe the theoretical foundations of each approach and the underlying intuition. Through a series of case studies, we illustrate real life applications, and discuss implications for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cori
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
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48
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Sun K, Bhiman JN, Tempia S, Kleynhans J, Madzorera VS, Mkhize Q, Kaldine H, McMorrow ML, Wolter N, Moyes J, Carrim M, Martinson NA, Kahn K, Lebina L, du Toit JD, Mkhencele T, von Gottberg A, Viboud C, Moore PL, Cohen C. SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection from infection against variants of concern. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03131-2. [PMID: 39060660 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by vaccination have been linked to protection against symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, much less is known about the efficacy of nAbs in preventing the acquisition of infection, especially in the context of natural immunity and against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune-escape variants. Here we conducted mediation analysis to assess serum nAbs induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infections as potential correlates of protection against Delta and Omicron infections, in rural and urban household cohorts in South Africa. We find that, in the Delta wave, D614G nAbs mediate 37% (95% confidence interval: 34-40%) of the total protection against infection conferred by prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and that protection decreases with waning immunity. In contrast, Omicron BA.1 nAbs mediate 11% (95% confidence interval: 9-12%) of the total protection against Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 infections, due to Omicron's neutralization escape. These findings underscore that correlates of protection mediated through nAbs are variant specific, and that boosting of nAbs against circulating variants might restore or confer immune protection lost due to nAb waning and/or immune escape. However, the majority of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 conferred by natural infection cannot be fully explained by serum nAbs alone. Measuring these and other immune markers including T cell responses, both in the serum and in other compartments such as the nasal mucosa, may be required to comprehensively understand and predict immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Sun
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jinal N Bhiman
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vimbai Sharon Madzorera
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Qiniso Mkhize
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Haajira Kaldine
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Meredith L McMorrow
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maimuna Carrim
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil A Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacques D du Toit
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thulisa Mkhencele
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Penny L Moore
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Sumner KM, Yadav R, Noble EK, Sandford R, Joshi D, Tartof SY, Wernli KJ, Martin ET, Gaglani M, Zimmerman RK, Talbot HK, Grijalva CG, Belongia EA, Chung JR, Rogier E, Coughlin MM, Flannery B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated With COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, October 2021-June 2022. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:45-54. [PMID: 39052724 PMCID: PMC11272097 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration <5 days from symptom onset and testing positive for COVID-19 among patients in a test-negative study. METHODS From October 2021 to June 2022, study sites in 7 states enrolled patients aged ≥6 months presenting with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2. In blood specimens, we measured concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigens from the ancestral strain in standardized bAb units (BAU). Percentage change in odds of COVID-19 by increasing anti-RBD bAb was estimated via logistic regression as (1 - adjusted odds ratio of COVID-19) × 100, adjusting for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses, age, site, and high-risk exposure. RESULTS Out of 2018 symptomatic patients, 662 (33%) tested positive for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Geometric mean RBD bAb levels were lower among COVID-19 cases than SARS-CoV-2 test-negative controls during the Delta-predominant period (112 vs 498 BAU/mL) and Omicron-predominant period (823 vs 1189 BAU/mL). Acute-phase ancestral spike RBD bAb levels associated with 50% lower odds of COVID-19 were 1968 BAU/mL against Delta and 3375 BAU/mL against Omicron; thresholds may differ in other laboratories. CONCLUSIONS During acute illness, antibody concentrations against ancestral spike RBD were associated with protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Sumner
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruchi Yadav
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emma K Noble
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Ryan Sandford
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Devyani Joshi
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sara Y Tartof
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
| | - Karen J Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily T Martin
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
- Baylor College of Medicine–Temple, Temple, Texas
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas
| | | | - H Keipp Talbot
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Jessie R Chung
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric Rogier
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Tharmaraj D, Boo I, O'Hara J, Sun S, Polkinghorne KR, Dendle C, Turner SJ, van Zelm MC, Drummer HE, Khoury G, Mulley WR. Serological responses and clinical outcomes following a three-dose primary COVID-19 vaccine schedule in kidney transplant recipients and people on dialysis. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1523. [PMID: 39055736 PMCID: PMC11272417 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite vaccination strategies, people with chronic kidney disease, particularly kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), remained at high risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. We assessed serological responses to the three-dose COVID-19 vaccine schedule in KTRs and people on dialysis, as well as seroresponse predictors and the relationship between responses and breakthrough infection. Methods Plasma from 30 KTRs and 17 people receiving dialysis was tested for anti-Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralising antibodies (NAb) to the ancestral and Omicron BA.2 variant after Doses 2 and 3 of vaccination. Results After three doses, KTRs achieved lower anti-Spike RBD IgG levels (P < 0.001) and NAb titres than people receiving dialysis (P = 0.002). Seropositive cross-reactive Omicron neutralisation levels were achieved in 11/27 (40.7%) KTRs and 11/14 (78.6%) dialysis recipients. ChAdOx1/viral-vector vaccine type, higher mycophenolate dose (> 1 g per day) and lower absolute B-cell counts predicted poor serological responses in KTRs. ChAdOx-1 vaccine type and higher monocyte counts were negative predictors in dialysis recipients. Among ancestral NAb seroresponders, higher NAb levels positively correlated with higher Omicron neutralisation (R = 0.9, P < 0.001). More KTRs contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection (14/30; 47%) than dialysis recipients (5/17; 29%) and had more severe disease. Those with breakthrough infections had significantly lower median interdose incremental change in anti-Spike RBD IgG and ancestral NAb titres. Conclusion Serological responses to COVID-19 vaccines in KTRs lag behind their dialysis counterparts. KTRs remained at high risk of breakthrough infection after their primary vaccination schedule underlining their need for booster doses, strict infection prevention measures and close surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhakshayini Tharmaraj
- Department of NephrologyMonash HealthClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Irene Boo
- Burnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jessie O'Hara
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Shir Sun
- Burnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational MedicineMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kevan R Polkinghorne
- Department of NephrologyMonash HealthClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Claire Dendle
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Monash Infectious DiseasesMonash HealthClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational MedicineMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Heidi E Drummer
- Burnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gabriela Khoury
- Burnet InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - William R Mulley
- Department of NephrologyMonash HealthClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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