1
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Suraci D, Baria E, Tirloni L, Lagarto JL, Buccianti S, Agostini C, Pillozzi S, Antonuzzo L, Taddei A, Cicchi R. Delineation of gastrointestinal tumors biopsies using a fluorescence lifetime imaging optical fiber probe. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400122. [PMID: 39014559 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Autofluorescence spectroscopy has emerged in recent years as a powerful tool to report label-free contrast between normal and diseased tissues, both in vivo and ex-vivo. We report the application of an instrument employing an optical fiber probe and capable of performing real-time autofluorescence lifetime imaging at a macroscopic scale, under bright background conditions. We validate and demonstrate the practicality of this technology to discriminate healthy against neoplastic tissue in freshly excised tumor biopsies. The capability of delineating tumor margins through processing the fluorescence decays in the phasors domain was demonstrated on four different types of cancer, highlighting the broad range of potential clinical applications for the proposed approach. The presented results suggest that our autofluorescence lifetime imaging probe, together with phasor analysis, can offer a real-time tool to observe lifetime contrast on tissues and, thus, is a suitable candidate for improving in situ tissue diagnostics during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Suraci
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Florence, Italy
| | - E Baria
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Tirloni
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - J L Lagarto
- Biophotonics Platform, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Buccianti
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - C Agostini
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - S Pillozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Taddei
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Florence, Italy
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2
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Russo F, Civili B, Winssinger N. Bright Red Bioluminescence from Semisynthetic NanoLuc (sNLuc). ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1035-1039. [PMID: 38717306 PMCID: PMC11106743 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Red-shifted bioluminescence is highly desirable for diagnostic and imaging applications. Herein, we report a semisynthetic NanoLuc (sNLuc) based on complementation of a split NLuc (LgBiT) with a synthetic peptide (SmBiT) functionalized with a fluorophore for BRET emission. We observed exceptional BRET ratios with diverse fluorophores, notably in the red (I674/I450 > 14), with a brightness that is sufficient for naked eye detection in blood or through tissues. To exemplify its utility, LgBiT was fused to a miniprotein that binds HER2 (affibody, ZHER2), and the selective detection of HER2+ SK-BR-3 cells over HER2- HeLa cells was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Russo
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Civili
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Ran C, Pu K. Molecularly generated light and its biomedical applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314468. [PMID: 37955419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly generated light, referred to here as "molecular light", mainly includes bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, and Cerenkov luminescence. Molecular light possesses unique dual features of being both a molecule and a source of light. Its molecular nature enables it to be delivered as molecules to regions deep within the body, overcoming the limitations of natural sunlight and physically generated light sources like lasers and LEDs. Simultaneously, its light properties make it valuable for applications such as imaging, photodynamic therapy, photo-oxidative therapy, and photobiomodulation. In this review article, we provide an updated overview of the diverse applications of molecular light and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of molecular light across various domains. Lastly, we present forward-looking perspectives on the potential of molecular light in the realms of molecular imaging, photobiological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and photobiomodulation. While some of these perspectives may be considered bold and contentious, our intent is to inspire further innovations in the field of molecular light applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Nguyen TD, Chen YI, Nguyen AT, Chen LH, Yonas S, Litvinov M, He Y, Kuo YA, Hong S, Rylander HG, Yeh HC. Multiplexed imaging in live cells using pulsed interleaved excitation spectral FLIM. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3290-3307. [PMID: 38297554 PMCID: PMC11018333 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiplexed fluorescence detection has become increasingly important in the fields of biosensing and bioimaging. Although a variety of excitation/detection optical designs and fluorescence unmixing schemes have been proposed to allow for multiplexed imaging, rapid and reliable differentiation and quantification of multiple fluorescent species at each imaging pixel is still challenging. Here we present a pulsed interleaved excitation spectral fluorescence lifetime microscopic (PIE-sFLIM) system that can simultaneously image six fluorescent tags in live cells in a single hyperspectral snapshot. Using an alternating pulsed laser excitation scheme at two different wavelengths and a synchronized 16-channel time-resolved spectral detector, our PIE-sFLIM system can effectively excite multiple fluorophores and collect their emission over a broad spectrum for analysis. Combining our system with the advanced live-cell labeling techniques and the lifetime/spectral phasor analysis, our PIE-sFLIM approach can well unmix the fluorescence of six fluorophores acquired in a single measurement, thus improving the imaging speed in live-specimen investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Duc Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuan-I Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Limin H. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Siem Yonas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mitchell Litvinov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yujie He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Soonwoo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - H. Grady Rylander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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5
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Navarro MX, Brennan CK, Love AC, Prescher JA. Caged luciferins enable rapid multicomponent bioluminescence imaging. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:67-74. [PMID: 37259257 PMCID: PMC10687313 DOI: 10.1111/php.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence is a sensitive technique for imaging biological features over time. Historically, though, the modality has been challenging to employ for multiplexed tracking due to a lack of resolvable luciferase-luciferin pairs. Recent years have seen the development of numerous orthogonal probes for multi-parameter imaging. While successful, generating such tools often requires complex syntheses and lengthy enzyme evolution campaigns. This work showcases an alternative strategy for multiplexed bioluminescence that takes advantage of already-orthogonal caged luciferins and established uncaging enzymes. These probes generate unique bioluminescent signals that can be distinguished via a linear unmixing algorithm. Caged luciferins enabled two- and three-component imaging on the minutes time scale. We further showed that the tools can be used in conjunction with endogenous enzymes for multiplexed studies. Collectively, this approach lowers the barrier to multicomponent bioluminescence imaging and can be readily adopted by the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana X. Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Caroline K. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Anna C. Love
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92716 (USA)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
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6
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Kim SB, Paulmurugan R, Kitada N, Maki SA. Single-chain multicolor-reporter templates for subcellular localization of molecular events in mammalian cells. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1043-1049. [PMID: 38033721 PMCID: PMC10685814 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain multicolor-reporter imaging templates were developed for the subcellular localization of molecular events in mammalian cells. The templates were constructed by tandem linkage of fluorescent protein variants - fused with luciferases and the subcellular localization signal peptides. The templates simultaneously reported steroid hormonal activities at different optical spectra in the subcellular compartments. The templates contribute to the expansion of a toolbox of optical probes for subcellular localization of molecular events in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bae Kim
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba 305-8569 Japan
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California 94304 USA
| | - Nobuo Kitada
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications Chofu 182-8585 Japan
| | - Sojiro A Maki
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications Chofu 182-8585 Japan
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7
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Murphy N, Tipping WJ, Braddick HJ, Wilson LT, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D, Farràs P. Expanding the Range of Bioorthogonal Tags for Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311530. [PMID: 37821742 PMCID: PMC10952743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex optical detection in live cells is challenging due to overlapping signals and poor signal-to-noise associated with some chemical reporters. To address this, the application of spectral phasor analysis to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for unmixing three bioorthogonal Raman probes within cells is reported. Triplex detection of a metallacarborane using the B-H stretch at 2480-2650 cm-1 , together with a bis-alkyne and deuterated fatty acid can be achieved within the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum. When coupled to imaging in the high-wavenumber region of the cellular Raman spectrum, nine discrete regions of interest can be spectrally unmixed from the hyperspectral SRS dataset, demonstrating a new capability in the toolkit of multiplexed Raman imaging of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91CF50Ireland
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - William J. Tipping
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyWestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Braddick
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam T. Wilson
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyWestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyWestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Pau Farràs
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91CF50Ireland
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
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8
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Barroso M, Monaghan MG, Niesner R, Dmitriev RI. Probing organoid metabolism using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM): The next frontier of drug discovery and disease understanding. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115081. [PMID: 37647987 PMCID: PMC10543546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have been used to address important questions in developmental and cancer biology, tissue repair, advanced modelling of disease and therapies, among other bioengineering applications. Such 3D microenvironmental models can investigate the regulation of cell metabolism, and provide key insights into the mechanisms at the basis of cell growth, differentiation, communication, interactions with the environment and cell death. Their accessibility and complexity, based on 3D spatial and temporal heterogeneity, make organoids suitable for the application of novel, dynamic imaging microscopy methods, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and related decay time-assessing readouts. Several biomarkers and assays have been proposed to study cell metabolism by FLIM in various organoid models. Herein, we present an expert-opinion discussion on the principles of FLIM and PLIM, instrumentation and data collection and analysis protocols, and general and emerging biosensor-based approaches, to highlight the pioneering work being performed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 02, Ireland
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin and Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Araújo-Gomes N, Zambito G, Johnbosco C, Calejo I, Leijten J, Löwik C, Karperien M, Mezzanotte L, Teixeira LM. Bioluminescence imaging on-chip platforms for non-invasive high-content bioimaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115510. [PMID: 37442028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating non-invasive biosensing features in organ-on-chip models is of paramount importance for a wider implementation of these advanced in vitro microfluidic platforms. Optical biosensors, based on Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI), enable continuous, non-invasive, and in-situ imaging of cells, tissues or miniaturized organs without the drawbacks of conventional fluorescence imaging. Here, we report the first-of-its-kind integration and optimization of BLI in microfluidic chips, for non-invasive imaging of multiple biological readouts. The cell line HEK293T-GFP was engineered to express NanoLuc® luciferase under the control of a constitutive promoter and were cultured on-chip in 3D, in standard ECM-like hydrogels, to assess optimal cell detection conditions. Using real-time in-vitro dual-color microscopy, Bioluminescence (BL) and fluorescence (FL) were detectable using distinct imaging setups. Detection of the bioluminescent signals were observed at single cell resolution on-chip 20 min post-addition of Furimazine substrate and under perfusion. All hydrogels enabled BLI with higher signal-to-noise ratios as compared to fluorescence. For instance, agarose gels showed a ∼5-fold greater BL signal over background after injection of the substrate as compared to the FL signal. The use of BLI with microfluidic chip technologies opens up the potential for simultaneous in situ detection with continuous monitoring of multicolor cell reporters. Moreover, this can be achieved in a non-invasive manner. BL has great promise as a highly desirable biosensor for studying organ-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Castro Johnbosco
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Isabel Calejo
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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10
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Sanders S, Jensen Y, Reimer R, Bosse JB. From the beginnings to multidimensional light and electron microscopy of virus morphogenesis. Adv Virus Res 2023; 116:45-88. [PMID: 37524482 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual functional viral morphogenesis events are often dynamic, short, and infrequent and might be obscured by other pathways and dead-end products. Volumetric live cell imaging has become an essential tool for studying viral morphogenesis events. It allows following entire dynamic processes while providing functional evidence that the imaged process is involved in viral production. Moreover, it allows to capture many individual events and allows quantitative analysis. Finally, the correlation of volumetric live-cell data with volumetric electron microscopy (EM) can provide crucial insights into the ultrastructure and mechanisms of viral morphogenesis events. Here, we provide an overview and discussion of suitable imaging methods for volumetric correlative imaging of viral morphogenesis and frame them in a historical summary of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Sanders
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yannick Jensen
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jens B Bosse
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Ortiz-Perez A, Izquierdo-Lozano C, Meijers R, Grisoni F, Albertazzi L. Identification of fluorescently-barcoded nanoparticles using machine learning. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2307-2317. [PMID: 37056621 PMCID: PMC10089084 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00648k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Barcoding of nano- and micro-particles allows distinguishing multiple targets at the same time within a complex mixture and is emerging as a powerful tool to increase the throughput of many assays. Fluorescent barcoding is one of the most used strategies, where microparticles are labeled with dyes and classified based on fluorescence color, intensity, or other features. Microparticles are ideal targets due to their relative ease of detection, manufacturing, and higher homogeneity. Barcoding is considerably more challenging in the case of nanoparticles (NPs), where their small size results in a lower signal and greater heterogeneity. This is a significant limitation since many bioassays require the use of nano-sized carriers. In this study, we introduce a machine-learning-assisted workflow to write, read, and classify barcoded PLGA-PEG NPs at a single-particle level. This procedure is based on the encapsulation of fluorescent markers without modifying their physicochemical properties (writing), the optimization of their confocal imaging (reading), and the implementation of a machine learning-based barcode reader (classification). We found nanoparticle heterogeneity as one of the main factors that challenges barcode separation, and that information extracted from the dyes' nanoscale confinement effects (such as Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, FRET) can aid barcode identification. Moreover, we provide a guide to reaching the optimal trade-off between the number of simultaneous barcodes and classification accuracy supporting the use of this workflow for a variety of bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortiz-Perez
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Izquierdo-Lozano
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Rens Meijers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Grisoni
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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12
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Batey JE, Yang M, Giang H, Dong B. Ultrahigh-Throughput Single-Particle Hyperspectral Imaging of Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5479-5483. [PMID: 36883846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become increasingly useful in recent years for their roles in nanomedicine, cellular biology, energy storage and conversion, photocatalysis, and more. At the single-particle level, AuNPs have heterogeneous physical and chemical properties which are not resolvable in ensemble measurements. In the present study, we developed an ultrahigh-throughput spectroscopy and microscopy imaging system for characterization of AuNPs at the single-particle level using phasor analysis. The developed method enables quantification of spectra and spatial information on large numbers of AuNPs with a single snapshot of an image (1024 × 1024 pixels) at high temporal resolution (26 fps) and localization precision (sub-5 nm). We characterized the localized surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) scattering spectra of gold nanospheres (AuNSs) of four different sizes (40-100 nm). Comparing to the conventional optical grating method which suffers low efficiency in characterization due to spectral interference caused by nearby nanoparticles, the phasor approach enables high-throughput analysis of single-particle SPR properties in high particle density. Up to 10-fold greater efficiency of single-particle spectro-microscopy analysis using the spectra phasor approach when compared to a conventional optical grating method was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ethan Batey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Hannah Giang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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13
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Yeh AHW, Norn C, Kipnis Y, Tischer D, Pellock SJ, Evans D, Ma P, Lee GR, Zhang JZ, Anishchenko I, Coventry B, Cao L, Dauparas J, Halabiya S, DeWitt M, Carter L, Houk KN, Baker D. De novo design of luciferases using deep learning. Nature 2023; 614:774-780. [PMID: 36813896 PMCID: PMC9946828 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
De novo enzyme design has sought to introduce active sites and substrate-binding pockets that are predicted to catalyse a reaction of interest into geometrically compatible native scaffolds1,2, but has been limited by a lack of suitable protein structures and the complexity of native protein sequence-structure relationships. Here we describe a deep-learning-based 'family-wide hallucination' approach that generates large numbers of idealized protein structures containing diverse pocket shapes and designed sequences that encode them. We use these scaffolds to design artificial luciferases that selectively catalyse the oxidative chemiluminescence of the synthetic luciferin substrates diphenylterazine3 and 2-deoxycoelenterazine. The designed active sites position an arginine guanidinium group adjacent to an anion that develops during the reaction in a binding pocket with high shape complementarity. For both luciferin substrates, we obtain designed luciferases with high selectivity; the most active of these is a small (13.9 kDa) and thermostable (with a melting temperature higher than 95 °C) enzyme that has a catalytic efficiency on diphenylterazine (kcat/Km = 106 M-1 s-1) comparable to that of native luciferases, but a much higher substrate specificity. The creation of highly active and specific biocatalysts from scratch with broad applications in biomedicine is a key milestone for computational enzyme design, and our approach should enable generation of a wide range of luciferases and other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hsien-Wei Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Christoffer Norn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yakov Kipnis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Doug Tischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel J Pellock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Declan Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pengchen Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gyu Rie Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Z Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Anishchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Coventry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Longxing Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justas Dauparas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samer Halabiya
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle DeWitt
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Chiang HJ, Koo DES, Kitano M, Burkitt S, Unruh JR, Zavaleta C, Trinh LA, Fraser SE, Cutrale F. HyU: Hybrid Unmixing for longitudinal in vivo imaging of low signal-to-noise fluorescence. Nat Methods 2023; 20:248-258. [PMID: 36658278 PMCID: PMC9911352 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of fluorescence bioimaging toward more complex systems and geometries requires analytical tools capable of spanning widely varying timescales and length scales, cleanly separating multiple fluorescent labels and distinguishing these labels from background autofluorescence. Here we meet these challenging objectives for multispectral fluorescence microscopy, combining hyperspectral phasors and linear unmixing to create Hybrid Unmixing (HyU). HyU is efficient and robust, capable of quantitative signal separation even at low illumination levels. In dynamic imaging of developing zebrafish embryos and in mouse tissue, HyU was able to cleanly and efficiently unmix multiple fluorescent labels, even in demanding volumetric timelapse imaging settings. HyU permits high dynamic range imaging, allowing simultaneous imaging of bright exogenous labels and dim endogenous labels. This enables coincident studies of tagged components, cellular behaviors and cellular metabolism within the same specimen, providing more accurate insights into the orchestrated complexity of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao Ju Chiang
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Daniel E. S. Koo
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Masahiro Kitano
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sean Burkitt
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jay R. Unruh
- grid.250820.d0000 0000 9420 1591Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Le A. Trinh
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Francesco Cutrale
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Baljinnyam B, Ronzetti M, Simeonov A. Advances in luminescence-based technologies for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:25-35. [PMID: 36562206 PMCID: PMC9892298 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Luminescence-based technologies, specifically bioluminescence and chemiluminescence, are powerful tools with extensive use in drug discovery. Production of light during chemiluminescence and bioluminescence, unlike fluorescence, doesn't require an excitation light source, resulting in high signal-to-noise ratio, less background interference, and no issues from phototoxicity and photobleaching. These characteristics of luminescence technologies offer unique advantages for experimental designs, allowing for greater flexibility to target a wide range of proteins and biological processes for drug discovery at different stages. AREAS COVERED This review provides a basic overview of luciferase-based technologies and details recent advances and use cases of luciferase and luciferin variations and their applicability in the drug discovery toolset. The authors expand upon specific applications of luciferase technologies, including chemiluminescent and bioluminescent-based microscopy. Finally, the authors lay out forward-looking statements on the field of luminescence and how it may shape the translational scientists' work moving forward. EXPERT OPINION The demand for improved luciferase and luciferin pairs correlates strongly with efforts to improve the sensitivity and robustness of high-throughput assays. As luminescent reporter systems improve, so will the expansion of use cases for luminescence-based technologies in early-stage drug discovery. With the synthesis of novel, non-enzymatic chemiluminescence-based probes, which previously were restrained to only basic research applications, they may now be readily implemented in drug discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolormaa Baljinnyam
- Staff Scientist, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Ronzetti
- Predoctoral IRTA Fellow, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Group Leader, Scientific Director, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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16
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Preissl S, Gaulton KJ, Ren B. Characterizing cis-regulatory elements using single-cell epigenomics. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:21-43. [PMID: 35840754 PMCID: PMC9771884 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell type-specific gene expression patterns and dynamics during development or in disease are controlled by cis-regulatory elements (CREs), such as promoters and enhancers. Distinct classes of CREs can be characterized by their epigenomic features, including DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, combinations of histone modifications and conformation of local chromatin. Tremendous progress has been made in cataloguing CREs in the human genome using bulk transcriptomic and epigenomic methods. However, single-cell epigenomic and multi-omic technologies have the potential to provide deeper insight into cell type-specific gene regulatory programmes as well as into how they change during development, in response to environmental cues and through disease pathogenesis. Here, we highlight recent advances in single-cell epigenomic methods and analytical tools and discuss their readiness for human tissue profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Bing Ren
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Macromolecular assembly of bioluminescent protein nanoparticles for enhanced imaging. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100455. [PMID: 36304975 PMCID: PMC9593766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging has advantages over fluorescence imaging, such as minimal photobleaching and autofluorescence, and greater signal-to-noise ratios in many complex environments. Although significant achievements have been made in luciferase engineering for generating bright and stable reporters, the full capability of luciferases for nanoparticle tracking has not been comprehensively examined. In biocatalysis, enhanced enzyme performance after immobilization on nanoparticles has been reported. Thus, we hypothesized that by assembling luciferases onto a nanoparticle, the resulting complex could lead to substantially improved imaging properties. Using a modular bioconjugation strategy, we attached NanoLuc (NLuc) or Akaluc bioluminescent proteins to a protein nanoparticle platform (E2), yielding nanoparticles NLuc-E2 and Akaluc-E2, both with diameters of ∼45 nm. Although no significant differences were observed between different conditions involving Akaluc and Akaluc-E2, free NLuc at pH 5.0 showed significantly lower emission values than free NLuc at pH 7.4. Interestingly, NLuc immobilization on E2 nanoparticles (NLuc-E2) emitted increased luminescence at pH 7.4, and at pH 5.0 showed over two orders of magnitude (>200-fold) higher luminescence (than free NLuc), expanding the potential for imaging detection using the nanoparticle even upon endocytic uptake. After uptake by macrophages, the resulting luminescence with NLuc-E2 nanoparticles was up to 7-fold higher than with free NLuc at 48 h. Cells incubated with NLuc-E2 could also be imaged using live bioluminescence microscopy. Finally, biodistribution of nanoparticles into lymph nodes was detected through imaging using NLuc-E2, but not with conventionally-labeled fluorescent E2. Our data demonstrate that NLuc-bound nanoparticles have advantageous properties that can be utilized in applications ranging from single-cell imaging to in vivo biodistribution.
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18
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Ng KK, Prescher JA. Generalized Bioluminescent Platform To Observe and Track Cellular Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1876-1884. [PMID: 36166258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communications are critical to biological processes ranging from embryonic development to cancer progression. Several imaging strategies have been developed to capture such interactions, but many are challenging to deploy in thick tissues and other complex environments. Here, we report a platform termed Luminescence to Observe and Track Intercellular Interactions (LOTIIS). The approach features split fragments of a luciferase enzyme that reassemble when target cells come into proximity. One fragment is secreted by "sender" cells, and the complementary piece is secreted by "receiver" cells. Split reporter assembly is facilitated by a single chain variable fragment (scFv)-peptide interaction on the receiver cell, resulting in localized light production. We demonstrate that LOTIIS can rapidly label cells in close proximity in a time- and distance-dependent fashion. The platform is also compatible with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer probes for multiplexed imaging. Collectively, these data suggest that LOTIIS will enable a variety of cellular interactions to be tracked in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Ng
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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