1
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Lucchini S, Constantinou M, Marino S. Unravelling the mosaic: Epigenetic diversity in glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39148319 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite decades of intensive research in the disease, its prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of only 14 months after diagnosis. The remarkable level of intra- and interpatient heterogeneity is certainly contributing to the lack of progress in tackling this tumour. Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in glioblastoma biology and significantly contributes to intratumour heterogeneity. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it also contributes to intertumour heterogeneity, which historically had mainly been linked to diverse genetic events occurring in different patients. In this review, we explore how DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) alterations contribute to intertumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma, including its implications for advanced tumour stratification, which is the essential first step for developing more effective patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lucchini
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Myrianni Constantinou
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Brain Tumour Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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2
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Álvarez-Vázquez A, San-Segundo L, Cerveró-García P, Flores-Hernández R, Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Segura-Collar B, Hubert CG, Morrison G, Pollard SM, Lathia JD, Sánchez-Gómez P, Tabernero A. EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII predict and participate in TAT-Cx43266-283 antitumor response in preclinical glioblastoma models. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1230-1246. [PMID: 38507464 PMCID: PMC11226870 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) commonly displays epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations (mainly amplification and EGFRvIII) and TAT-Cx43266-283 is a Src-inhibitory peptide with antitumor properties in preclinical GBM models. Given the link between EGFR and Src, the aim of this study was to explore the role of EGFR in the antitumor effects of TAT-Cx43266-283. METHODS The effect of TAT-Cx43266-283, temozolomide (TMZ), and erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) was studied in patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs) and murine neural stem cells (NSCs) with and without EGFR alterations, in vitro and in vivo. EGFR alterations were analyzed by western blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization in these cells, and compared with Src activity and survival in GBM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS The effect of TAT-Cx43266-283 correlated with EGFR alterations in a set of patient-derived GSCs and was stronger than that exerted by TMZ and erlotinib. In fact, TAT-Cx43266-283 only affected NSCs with EGFR alterations, but not healthy NSCs. EGFR alterations correlated with Src activity and poor survival in GBM patients. Finally, tumors generated from NSCs with EGFR alterations showed a decrease in growth, invasiveness, and vascularization after treatment with TAT-Cx43266-283, which enhanced the survival of immunocompetent mice. CONCLUSIONS Clinically relevant EGFR alterations are predictors of TAT-Cx43266-283 response and part of its mechanism of action, even in TMZ- and erlotinib-resistant GSCs. TAT-Cx43266-283 targets NSCs with GBM-driver mutations, including EGFR alterations, in an immunocompetent GBM model in vivo, suggesting a promising effect on GBM recurrence. Together, this study represents an important step toward the clinical application of TAT-Cx43266-283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Cerveró-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Berta Segura-Collar
- Instituto de investigaciones Biomédicas I+12 (Imas12), Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gillian Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Gómez
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII-UFIEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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3
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Sullivan JM, Bagnell AM, Alevy J, Avila EM, Mihaljević L, Saavedra-Rivera PC, Kong L, Huh JS, McCray BA, Aisenberg WH, Zuberi AR, Bogdanik L, Lutz CM, Qiu Z, Quinlan KA, Searson PC, Sumner CJ. Gain-of-function mutations of TRPV4 acting in endothelial cells drive blood-CNS barrier breakdown and motor neuron degeneration in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk1358. [PMID: 38776392 PMCID: PMC11316273 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Blood-CNS barrier disruption is a hallmark of numerous neurological disorders, yet whether barrier breakdown is sufficient to trigger neurodegenerative disease remains unresolved. Therapeutic strategies to mitigate barrier hyperpermeability are also limited. Dominant missense mutations of the cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cause forms of hereditary motor neuron disease. To gain insights into the cellular basis of these disorders, we generated knock-in mouse models of TRPV4 channelopathy by introducing two disease-causing mutations (R269C and R232C) into the endogenous mouse Trpv4 gene. TRPV4 mutant mice exhibited weakness, early lethality, and regional motor neuron loss. Genetic deletion of the mutant Trpv4 allele from endothelial cells (but not neurons, glia, or muscle) rescued these phenotypes. Symptomatic mutant mice exhibited focal disruptions of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity, associated with a gain of function of mutant TRPV4 channel activity in neural vascular endothelial cells (NVECs) and alterations of NVEC tight junction structure. Systemic administration of a TRPV4-specific antagonist abrogated channel-mediated BSCB impairments and provided a marked phenotypic rescue of symptomatic mutant mice. Together, our findings show that mutant TRPV4 channels can drive motor neuron degeneration in a non-cell autonomous manner by precipitating focal breakdown of the BSCB. Further, these data highlight the reversibility of TRPV4-mediated BSCB impairments and identify a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with TRPV4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna M. Bagnell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan Alevy
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elvia Mena Avila
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island; Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island; Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ljubica Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Huh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brett A. McCray
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William H. Aisenberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katharina A. Quinlan
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island; Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island; Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Peter C. Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Charlotte J. Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Baig S, Winkler F. A holistic view of the malignant organism we call glioblastoma. Cell 2024; 187:271-273. [PMID: 38242083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumors are not simply a chaotic mass of mutated cells but can follow complex organizational principles, including in space. In this issue of Cell, Mathur and colleagues reconstruct a 3D genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic spatial cartograph of glioblastoma, offering a "whole-tumor" perspective with patterns of clonal expansion that are embedded in neurodevelopmental hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Baig
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Cai J, Qiao Y, Chen L, Lu Y, Zheng D. Regulation of the Notch signaling pathway by natural products for cancer therapy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109483. [PMID: 37848105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates normal biological processes involved in cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal in a context-dependent fashion. Attributed to its pleiotropic physiological roles, both overexpression and silencing of the pathway are associated with the emergence, progression, and poorer prognosis in various types of cancer. To decrease disease incidence and promote survival, targeting Notch may have chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects. Natural products with profound historical origins have distinguished themselves from other therapies due to their easy access, high biological compatibility, low toxicity, and reliable effects at specific physiological sites in vivo. This review describes the Notch signaling pathway, particularly its normal activation process, and some main illnesses related to Notch signaling pathway dysregulation. Emphasis is placed on the effects and mechanisms of natural products targeting the Notch signaling pathway in diverse cancer types, including curcumin, ellagic acid (EA), resveratrol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and xanthohumol and so on. Existing evidence indicates that natural products are feasible solution to fight against cancer by targeting Notch signaling, either alone or in combination with current therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Cai
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yajie Qiao
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lingbin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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6
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Pasupuleti V, Vora L, Prasad R, Nandakumar DN, Khatri DK. Glioblastoma preclinical models: Strengths and weaknesses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189059. [PMID: 38109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The complex signaling cascade that regulates this heterogeneity makes targeted drug therapy ineffective. The development of an optimal preclinical model is crucial for the comprehension of molecular heterogeneity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The ideal model should establish a relationship between various oncogenes and their corresponding responses. This review presents an analysis of preclinical in vivo and in vitro models that have contributed to the advancement of knowledge in model development. The experimental designs utilized in vivo models consisting of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice induced with intracranial glioma. The transgenic model was generated using various techniques, like the viral vector delivery system, transposon system, Cre-LoxP model, and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches. The utilization of the patient-derived xenograft model in glioma research is valuable because it closely replicates the human glioma microenvironment, providing evidence of tumor heterogeneity. The utilization of in vitro techniques in the initial stages of research facilitated the comprehension of molecular interactions. However, these techniques are inadequate in reproducing the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). As a result, bioengineered 3D-in vitro models, including spheroids, scaffolds, and brain organoids, were developed to cultivate glioma cells in a three-dimensional environment. These models have enabled researchers to understand the influence of ECM on the invasive nature of tumors. Collectively, these preclinical models effectively depict the molecular pathways and facilitate the evaluation of multiple molecules while tailoring drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Pasupuleti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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7
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Tutunchi S, Bereimipour A, Ghaderian SMH. Hsa_circITGA4/ miR-1468/EGFR/ PTEN a Master Regulators Axis in Glioblastoma Development and Progression. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:90-101. [PMID: 37031335 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
In the fight against glioblastoma, circular RNA is emerging as a functional molecule. However, how circular RNA (circRNA) is regulated and what role it plays is still a mystery. In this research, different bioinformatics approaches were used to evaluate glioblastoma circRNA sequencing and array data, with the goal of developing a putative molecular sponge mechanism control network. The circRNAs were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. MicroRNA-circRNA interactions were predicted using CircInteractome. The microRNAs' expression and survival trends were screened using the TCGA database. MicroRNA gene targets were predicted using the MiRnet database. Sponge network gene candidates were screened using data from the GEPIA. The roles of the targeted genes were to be explained by analyzing data from Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. To build the network and display the outcomes, we utilized python program, and enrichment online Bioinformatics databases. The circRNAs hsa_circITGA4_002, hsa_circITGA4_001, hsa_circITGA4_003, hsa_circ_0030855, hsa_circ_0030857 were chosen from among GBM patients and control group. Upregulation of hsa-miR-1468, hsa-miR-3683, hsa-miR-1273c, and hsa-miR-4665-3p were associated with a poor prognosis in GBM. MicroRNA targets such as ITGA4, LAMA2, EGFR, PTEN, COL1A4, and NCAM2 were analyzed using expression and survival data. The Apoptosis, cell adhesion molecules, PI3K/AKT and P53 signaling pathways were the most abundant functional categories among gene targets. The circRNA molecular sponge regulatory network includes hsa-miR-1468 and hsa-miR-4665-3p. In this network, hs hsa_circITGA4_002, hsa_circITGA4_001, hsa_circ_0030857, EGFR, PTEN, and ITGA4 may represent GBM therapeutic targets. Their role in GBM needs additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tutunchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Tech Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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8
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Riley VA, Shankar V, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Neckles VN, Williams K, Lyman R, Mackay TF, Feliciano DM. Tsc2 coordinates neuroprogenitor differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108442. [PMID: 38107199 PMCID: PMC10724693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate numerous cell types. The uncoupling of mRNA transcript availability and translation occurs during the progression from stem to differentiated states. The mTORC1 kinase pathway acutely controls proteins that regulate mRNA translation. Inhibiting mTORC1 during differentiation is hypothesized to be critical for brain development since somatic mutations of mTORC1 regulators perturb brain architecture. Inactivating mutations of TSC1 or TSC2 genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC patients have growths near the striatum and ventricles. Here, it is demonstrated that V-SVZ NSC Tsc2 inactivation causes striatal hamartomas. Tsc2 removal altered translation factors, translatomes, and translational efficiency. Single nuclei RNA sequencing following in vivo loss of Tsc2 revealed changes in NSC activation states. The inability to decouple mRNA transcript availability and translation delayed differentiation leading to the retention of immature phenotypes in hamartomas. Taken together, Tsc2 is required for translational repression and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Riley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Aidan M. Sokolov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Williams
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility (CUGBF), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Lyman
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Trudy F.C. Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - David M. Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
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9
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Kumaria A, Ashkan K. Novel therapeutic strategies in glioma targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148515. [PMID: 37543066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
High grade gliomas carry a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant approaches including chemoradiotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated a mitogenic association between neuronal electrical activity and glioma growth involving the PI3K-mTOR pathway. As the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain, glutamate signalling in particular has been shown to promote glioma invasion and growth. The concept of the neurogliomal synapse has been established whereby glutamatergic receptors on glioma cells have been shown to promote tumour propagation. Targeting glutamatergic signalling is therefore a potential treatment option in glioma. Antiepileptic medications decrease excess neuronal electrical activity and some may possess anti-glutamate effects. Although antiepileptic medications continue to be investigated for an anti-glioma effect, good quality randomised trial evidence is lacking. Other pharmacological strategies that downregulate glutamatergic signalling include riluzole, memantine and anaesthetic agents. Neuromodulatory interventions possessing potential anti-glutamate activity include deep brain stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation - this contributes to the anti-seizure efficacy of the latter and the possible neuroprotective effect of the former. A possible role of neuromodulation as a novel anti-glioma modality has previously been proposed and that hypothesis is extended to include these modalities. Similarly, the significant survival benefit in glioblastoma attributable to alternating electrical fields (Tumour Treating Fields) may be a result of disruption to neurogliomal signalling. Further studies exploring excitatory neurotransmission and glutamatergic signalling and their role in glioma origin, growth and propagation are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kumaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
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10
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Murnan KM, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. Redox Homeostasis and Beyond: The Role of Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenases for the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:923-941. [PMID: 37132598 PMCID: PMC10654994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma is an aggressive and devastating brain tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. To support catabolic processes critical for unabated cellular growth and defend against harmful reactive oxygen species, glioblastoma tumors upregulate the expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs). IDH enzymes catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), NAD(P)H, and CO2. On molecular levels, IDHs epigenetically control gene expression through effects on α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, maintain redox balance, and promote anaplerosis by providing cells with NADPH and precursor substrates for macromolecular synthesis. Recent Advances: While gain-of-function mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 represent one of the most comprehensively studied mechanisms of IDH pathogenic effects, recent studies identified wild-type IDHs as critical regulators of normal organ physiology and, when transcriptionally induced or down regulated, as contributing to glioblastoma progression. Critical Issues: Here, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of how wild-type IDHs control glioma pathogenesis, including the regulation of oxidative stress and de novo lipid biosynthesis, and provide an overview of current and future research directives that aim to fully characterize wild-type IDH-driven metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Future Directions: Future studies are required to further dissect mechanisms of metabolic and epigenomic reprogramming in tumors and the tumor microenvironment, and to develop pharmacological approaches to inhibit wild-type IDH function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 923-941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Murnan
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander H. Stegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Saiz-Baggetto S, Dolz-Edo L, Méndez E, García-Bolufer P, Marí M, Bañó MC, Fariñas I, Morante-Redolat JM, Igual JC, Quilis I. A Multimodel Study of the Role of Novel PKC Isoforms in the DNA Integrity Checkpoint. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15796. [PMID: 37958781 PMCID: PMC10650207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family plays important regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a single PKC, Pkc1, whereas in mammals, the PKC family comprises nine isoforms. Both Pkc1 and the novel isoform PKCδ are involved in the control of DNA integrity checkpoint activation, demonstrating that this mechanism is conserved from yeast to mammals. To explore the function of PKCδ in a non-tumor cell line, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to obtain PKCδ knocked-out mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). This model demonstrated that the absence of PKCδ reduced the activation of the effector kinase CHK1, although it suggested that other isoform(s) might contribute to this function. Therefore, we used yeast to study the ability of each single PKC isoform to activate the DNA integrity checkpoint. Our analysis identified that PKCθ, the closest isoform to PKCδ, was also able to perform this function, although with less efficiency. Then, by generating truncated and mutant versions in key residues, we uncovered differences between the activation mechanisms of PKCδ and PKCθ and identified their essential domains. Our work strongly supports the role of PKC as a key player in the DNA integrity checkpoint pathway and highlights the advantages of combining distinct research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saiz-Baggetto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ester Méndez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Pau García-Bolufer
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Marí
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Bañó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Igual
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Inma Quilis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (S.S.-B.); (L.D.-E.); (M.C.B.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain (I.F.); (J.M.M.-R.)
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12
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Zhang L, Bordey A. Advances in glioma models using in vivo electroporation to highjack neurodevelopmental processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188951. [PMID: 37433417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent type of neurological malignancies. Despite decades of efforts in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, glioma remains one of the most treatment-resistant brain tumors with unfavorable outcomes. Recent progresses in genomic and epigenetic profiling have revealed new concepts of genetic events involved in the etiology of gliomas in humans, meanwhile, revolutionary technologies in gene editing and delivery allows to code these genetic "events" in animals to genetically engineer glioma models. This approach models the initiation and progression of gliomas in a natural microenvironment with an intact immune system and facilitates probing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in in vivo electroporation-based glioma modeling and outline the established genetically engineered glioma models (GEGMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Changde hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 818 Renmin Street, Wuling District, Changde, Hunan 415003, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA.
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
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13
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García-Montaño LA, Licón-Muñoz Y, Martinez FJ, Keddari YR, Ziemke MK, Chohan MO, Piccirillo SG. Dissecting Intra-tumor Heterogeneity in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment Using Fluorescence-Guided Multiple Sampling. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:755-767. [PMID: 37255362 PMCID: PMC10390891 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma (GBM), is challenging due to its heterogeneous nature, invasive potential, and poor response to chemo- and radiotherapy. As a result, GBM inevitably recurs and only a few patients survive 5 years post-diagnosis. GBM is characterized by extensive phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, creating a diversified genetic landscape and a network of biological interactions between subclones, ultimately promoting tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. This includes spatial and temporal changes in the tumor microenvironment, which influence cellular and molecular programs in GBM and therapeutic responses. However, dissecting phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity at spatial and temporal levels is extremely challenging, and the dynamics of the GBM microenvironment cannot be captured by analysis of a single tumor sample. In this review, we discuss the current research on GBM heterogeneity, in particular, the utility and potential applications of fluorescence-guided multiple sampling to dissect phenotypic and genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity in the GBM microenvironment, identify tumor and non-tumor cell interactions and novel therapeutic targets in areas that are key for tumor growth and recurrence, and improve the molecular classification of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo A. García-Montaño
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yamhilette Licón-Muñoz
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Frank J. Martinez
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yasine R. Keddari
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- University of California, Merced, California
| | - Michael K. Ziemke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Muhammad O. Chohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sara G.M. Piccirillo
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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14
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Blasco-Chamarro L, Fariñas I. Fine-tuned rest: unveiling the regulatory landscape of adult quiescent neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00298-1. [PMID: 37437796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell quiescence is an essential mechanism that allows cells to temporarily halt proliferation while preserving the potential to resume it at a later time. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell quiescence are complex and involve the regulation of various signaling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. The importance of unveiling the mechanisms regulating the quiescent state is undeniable, as its long-term maintenance is key to sustain tissue homeostasis throughout life. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the subependymal zone (SEZ) niche of adult mammalian brains mostly as long-lasting quiescent cells, owing to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic cues that actively regulate this state. Differently from other non-proliferative states, quiescence is a reversible and tightly regulated condition that can re-activate to support the formation of new neurons throughout adult lifespan. Decoding its regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis and unveiling how it is modulated in the context of the aged brain or during tumorigenesis, could bring us closer to the development of new potential strategies to intervene in adult neurogenesis with therapeutic purposes. Starting with a general conceptualization of the quiescent state in different stem cell niches, we here review what we have learned about NSC quiescence in the SEZ, encompassing the experimental strategies used for its study, to end up discussing the modulation of quiescence in the context of a physiology or pathological NSC dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blasco-Chamarro
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Eckerdt F, Platanias LC. Emerging Role of Glioma Stem Cells in Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3458. [PMID: 37444568 PMCID: PMC10340782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery at the beginning of this millennium, glioma stem cells (GSCs) have sparked extensive research and an energetic scientific debate about their contribution to glioblastoma (GBM) initiation, progression, relapse, and resistance. Different molecular subtypes of GBM coexist within the same tumor, and they display differential sensitivity to chemotherapy. GSCs contribute to tumor heterogeneity and recapitulate pathway alterations described for the three GBM subtypes found in patients. GSCs show a high degree of plasticity, allowing for interconversion between different molecular GBM subtypes, with distinct proliferative potential, and different degrees of self-renewal and differentiation. This high degree of plasticity permits adaptation to the environmental changes introduced by chemo- and radiation therapy. Evidence from mouse models indicates that GSCs repopulate brain tumors after therapeutic intervention, and due to GSC plasticity, they reconstitute heterogeneity in recurrent tumors. GSCs are also inherently resilient to standard-of-care therapy, and mechanisms of resistance include enhanced DNA damage repair, MGMT promoter demethylation, autophagy, impaired induction of apoptosis, metabolic adaptation, chemoresistance, and immune evasion. The remarkable oncogenic properties of GSCs have inspired considerable interest in better understanding GSC biology and functions, as they might represent attractive targets to advance the currently limited therapeutic options for GBM patients. This has raised expectations for the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches, including targeting GSC plasticity, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, and oncolytic viruses. In this review, we focus on the role of GSCs as drivers of GBM and therapy resistance, and we discuss how insights into GSC biology and plasticity might advance GSC-directed curative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Qin Z, Liang W, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang T, Chen Q, Guo B, Zhong Y, Kang H, Wang L. Activated KRAS reprograms neural progenitor cells to glioma stem cell‑like phenotype. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:88. [PMID: 37326110 PMCID: PMC10552691 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the origin of gliomagenesis and may develop from normal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, how neoplastic transformation occurs in normal NPCs and the role of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway in NPC transformation is unclear. The present study generated NPCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying gene alterations in the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway. The CCK‑8 proliferation, single‑cell clonal expansion, cell migration, RT‑qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, transcriptome and Seahorse analyses, and intracranial implantation assay were performed to identify the characterization of transformed NPCs in vitro and in vivo. Brain organoids were used to verify the phenotypes transforming in NPCs. KRAS‑activated NPCs exhibited increased proliferation and migration in vitro. KRAS‑activated NPCs showed atypical morphology and formed aggressive tumors in immunodeficient mice. At the molecular level, KRAS‑activated NPCs displayed neoplasm‑associated metabolic and gene expression profiles. Moreover, activation of KRAS led to substantial cell proliferation and abnormal structure in ESC‑derived brain organoids. The present study showed that activated KRAS transformed normal NPCs to GSC‑like cells and established a simple cellular model to investigate gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Baoyin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
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17
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Ah-Pine F, Khettab M, Bedoui Y, Slama Y, Daniel M, Doray B, Gasque P. On the origin and development of glioblastoma: multifaceted role of perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:104. [PMID: 37355636 PMCID: PMC10290416 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, IDH wild-type is the most common and aggressive form of glial tumors. The exact mechanisms of glioblastoma oncogenesis, including the identification of the glioma-initiating cell, are yet to be discovered. Recent studies have led to the hypothesis that glioblastoma arises from neural stem cells and glial precursor cells and that cell lineage constitutes a key determinant of the glioblastoma molecular subtype. These findings brought significant advancement to the comprehension of gliomagenesis. However, the cellular origin of glioblastoma with mesenchymal molecular features remains elusive. Mesenchymal stromal cells emerge as potential glioblastoma-initiating cells, especially with regard to the mesenchymal molecular subtype. These fibroblast-like cells, which derive from the neural crest and reside in the perivascular niche, may underlie gliomagenesis and exert pro-tumoral effects within the tumor microenvironment. This review synthesizes the potential roles of mesenchymal stromal cells in the context of glioblastoma and provides novel research avenues to better understand this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ah-Pine
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD – Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
| | - M. Khettab
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD – Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
| | - Y. Bedoui
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD – Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
| | - Y. Slama
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - M. Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Médecine d’Urgences-SAMU-SMUR, CHU de La Réunion - Site Félix Guyon, Allée Des Topazes CS 11 021, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - B. Doray
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Génétique, CHU de La Réunion - Site Félix Guyon, Allée Des Topazes CS 11 021, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - P. Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
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18
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Wei Y, Li G, Feng J, Wu F, Zhao Z, Bao Z, Zhang W, Su X, Li J, Qi X, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Vega SF, Jakola AS, Sun Y, Carén H, Jiang T, Fan X. Stalled oligodendrocyte differentiation in IDH-mutant gliomas. Genome Med 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 37055795 PMCID: PMC10103394 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly 50% of adult gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. According to the 2021 WHO classification guideline, these gliomas are diagnosed as astrocytomas, harboring no 1p19q co-deletion, or oligodendrogliomas, harboring 1p19q co-deletion. Recent studies report that IDH-mutant gliomas share a common developmental hierarchy. However, the neural lineages and differentiation stages in IDH-mutant gliomas remain inadequately characterized. METHODS Using bulk transcriptomes and single-cell transcriptomes, we identified genes enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas with or without 1p19q co-deletion, we also assessed the expression pattern of stage-specific signatures and key regulators of oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. We compared the expression of oligodendrocyte lineage stage-specific markers between quiescent and proliferating malignant single cells. The gene expression profiles were validated using RNAscope analysis and myelin staining and were further substantiated using data of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq. As a control, we assessed the expression pattern of astrocyte lineage markers. RESULTS Genes concordantly enriched in both subtypes of IDH-mutant gliomas are upregulated in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). Signatures of early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and key regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are enriched in all IDH-mutant gliomas. In contrast, signature of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, myelination regulators, and myelin components are significantly down-regulated or absent in IDH-mutant gliomas. Further, single-cell transcriptomes of IDH-mutant gliomas are similar to OPC and differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not to myelinating oligodendrocyte. Most IDH-mutant glioma cells are quiescent; quiescent cells and proliferating cells resemble the same differentiation stage of oligodendrocyte lineage. Mirroring the gene expression profiles along the oligodendrocyte lineage, analyses of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq data demonstrate that genes of myelination regulators and myelin components are hypermethylated and show inaccessible chromatin status, whereas regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are hypomethylated and show open chromatin status. Markers of astrocyte precursors are not enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our studies show that despite differences in clinical manifestation and genomic alterations, all IDH-mutant gliomas resemble early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and are stalled in oligodendrocyte differentiation due to blocked myelination program. These findings provide a framework to accommodate biological features and therapy development for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wei
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zejun Duan
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhang
- Center of Growth Metabolism & Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sandra Ferreyra Vega
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir Store Jakola
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
| | - Yingyu Sun
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), Beijing, 100070, China.
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19
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Simpson Ragdale H, Clements M, Tang W, Deltcheva E, Andreassi C, Lai AG, Chang WH, Pandrea M, Andrew I, Game L, Uddin I, Ellis M, Enver T, Riccio A, Marguerat S, Parrinello S. Injury primes mutation-bearing astrocytes for dedifferentiation in later life. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1082-1098.e8. [PMID: 36841240 PMCID: PMC10615847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite their latent neurogenic potential, most normal parenchymal astrocytes fail to dedifferentiate to neural stem cells in response to injury. In contrast, aberrant lineage plasticity is a hallmark of gliomas, and this suggests that tumor suppressors may constrain astrocyte dedifferentiation. Here, we show that p53, one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in glioma, is a gatekeeper of astrocyte fate. In the context of stab-wound injury, p53 loss destabilized the identity of astrocytes, priming them to dedifferentiate in later life. This resulted from persistent and age-exacerbated neuroinflammation at the injury site and EGFR activation in periwound astrocytes. Mechanistically, dedifferentiation was driven by the synergistic upregulation of mTOR signaling downstream of p53 loss and EGFR, which reinstates stemness programs via increased translation of neurodevelopmental transcription factors. Thus, our findings suggest that first-hit mutations remove the barriers to injury-induced dedifferentiation by sensitizing somatic cells to inflammatory signals, with implications for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Simpson Ragdale
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Melanie Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Wenhao Tang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elitza Deltcheva
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Catia Andreassi
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Wai Hoong Chang
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Maria Pandrea
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivan Andrew
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laurence Game
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Imran Uddin
- CRUK City of London Centre Single Cell Genomics Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Genomics Translational Technology Platform, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Michael Ellis
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Antonella Riccio
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samuel Marguerat
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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20
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Wang F, Liu X, Li S, Zhao C, Sun Y, Tian K, Wang J, Li W, Xu L, Jing J, Wang J, Evans SM, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Resolving the lineage relationship between malignant cells and vascular cells in glioblastomas. Protein Cell 2023; 14:105-122. [PMID: 36929001 PMCID: PMC10019576 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly malignant and heterogeneous brain tumor, contains various types of tumor and non-tumor cells. Whether GBM cells can trans-differentiate into non-neural cell types, including mural cells or endothelial cells (ECs), to support tumor growth and invasion remains controversial. Here we generated two genetic GBM models de novo in immunocompetent mouse brains, mimicking essential pathological and molecular features of human GBMs. Lineage-tracing and transplantation studies demonstrated that, although blood vessels in GBM brains underwent drastic remodeling, evidence of trans-differentiation of GBM cells into vascular cells was barely detected. Intriguingly, GBM cells could promiscuously express markers for mural cells during gliomagenesis. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that patterns of copy number variations (CNVs) of mural cells and ECs were distinct from those of GBM cells, indicating discrete origins of GBM cells and vascular components. Importantly, single-cell CNV analysis of human GBM specimens also suggested that GBM cells and vascular cells are likely separate lineages. Rather than expansion owing to trans-differentiation, vascular cell expanded by proliferation during tumorigenesis. Therefore, cross-lineage trans-differentiation of GBM cells is very unlikely to occur during gliomagenesis. Our findings advance understanding of cell lineage dynamics during gliomagenesis, and have implications for targeted treatment of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaowen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kuan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junbao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lichao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, The RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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21
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Duan J, Wang Y. Modeling nervous system tumors with human stem cells and organoids. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36854987 PMCID: PMC9975125 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system cancers are the 10th leading cause of death worldwide, many of which are difficult to diagnose and exhibit varying degrees of treatment resistance. The limitations of existing cancer models, such as patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, call for the development of novel preclinical cancer models to more faithfully mimic the patient's cancer and offer additional insights. Recent advances in human stem cell biology, organoid, and genome-editing techniques allow us to model nervous system tumors in three types of next-generation tumor models: cell-of-origin models, tumor organoids, and 3D multicellular coculture models. In this review, we introduced and compared different human stem cell/organoid-derived models, and comprehensively summarized and discussed the recently developed models for various primary tumors in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including glioblastoma (GBM), H3K27M-mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) and H3G34R-mutant High-grade Glioma (HGG), Low-grade Glioma (LGG), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2), Medulloblastoma (MB), Atypical Teratoid/rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT), and meningioma. We further compared these models with PDX and GEM models, and discussed the opportunities and challenges of precision nervous cancer modeling with human stem cells and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Duan
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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22
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Dougherty J, Harvey K, Liou A, Labella K, Moran D, Brosius S, De Raedt T. Identification of therapeutic sensitivities in a spheroid drug combination screen of Neurofibromatosis Type I associated High Grade Gliomas. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277305. [PMID: 36730269 PMCID: PMC9894422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) patients develop an array of benign and malignant tumors, of which Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) and High Grade Gliomas (HGG) have a dismal prognosis. About 15-20% of individuals with NF1 develop brain tumors and one third of these occur outside of the optic pathway. These non-optic pathway gliomas are more likely to progress to malignancy, especially in adults. Despite their low frequency, high grade gliomas have a disproportional effect on the morbidity of NF1 patients. In vitro drug combination screens have not been performed on NF1-associated HGG, hindering our ability to develop informed clinical trials. Here we present the first in vitro drug combination screen (21 compounds alone or in combination with MEK or PI3K inhibitors) on the only human NF1 patient derived HGG cell line available and on three mouse glioma cell lines derived from the NF1-P53 genetically engineered mouse model, which sporadically develop HGG. These mouse glioma cell lines were never exposed to serum, grow as spheres and express markers that are consistent with an Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell (OPC) lineage origin. Importantly, even though the true cell of origin for HGG remains elusive, they are thought to arise from the OPC lineage. We evaluated drug sensitivities of the three murine glioma cell lines in a 3D spheroid growth assay, which more accurately reflects drug sensitivities in vivo. Excitingly, we identified six compounds targeting HDACs, BRD4, CHEK1, BMI-1, CDK1/2/5/9, and the proteasome that potently induced cell death in our NF1-associated HGG. Moreover, several of these inhibitors work synergistically with either MEK or PI3K inhibitors. This study forms the basis for further pre-clinical evaluation of promising targets, with an eventual hope to translate these to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Dougherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kyra Harvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Angela Liou
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine Labella
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deborah Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Brosius
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department or Neurology, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032530. [PMID: 36768856 PMCID: PMC9916861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels provide the basis for the nervous system's intrinsic electrical activity. Neuronal excitability is a characteristic property of neurons and is critical for all functions of the nervous system. Glia cells fulfill essential supportive roles, but unlike neurons, they also retain the ability to divide. This can lead to uncontrolled growth and the formation of gliomas. Ion channels are involved in the unique biology of gliomas pertaining to peritumoral pathology and seizures, diffuse invasion, and treatment resistance. The emerging picture shows ion channels in the brain at the crossroads of neurophysiology and fundamental pathophysiological processes of specific cancer behaviors as reflected by uncontrolled proliferation, infiltration, resistance to apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Ion channels are highly druggable, making them an enticing therapeutic target. Targeting ion channels in difficult-to-treat brain tumors such as gliomas requires an understanding of their extremely heterogenous tumor microenvironment and highly diverse molecular profiles, both representing major causes of recurrence and treatment resistance. In this review, we survey the current knowledge on ion channels with oncogenic behavior within the heterogeneous group of gliomas, review ion channel gene expression as genomic biomarkers for glioma prognosis and provide an update on therapeutic perspectives for repurposed and novel ion channel inhibitors and electrotherapy.
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Li G, Yin C, Zhang C, Xue B, Yang Z, Li Z, Pan Y, Hou Z, Hao S, Yu L, Ji N, Gao Z, Deng Z, Xie J. Spatial distribution of supratentorial diffuse gliomas: A retrospective study of 990 cases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098328. [PMID: 36761940 PMCID: PMC9904506 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas distribute unevenly in the supratentorial brain space. Many factors were linked to tumor locations. This study aims to describe a more detailed distributing pattern of these tumors with age and pathological factors concerned. Methods A consecutive series of 990 adult patients with newly-diagnosed supratentorial diffuse gliomas who underwent resection in Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2013 and January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, the anatomic locations were identified by the preoperative MRI, and the pathological subtypes were reviewed for histological grade and molecular status (if any) from his medical record. The MNI template was manually segmented to measure each anatomic location's volume, and its invaded ratio was then adjusted by the volume to calculate the frequency density. Factors of age and pathological subtypes were also compared among locations. Results The insulae, hippocampi, and corpus callosum were locations of the densest frequencies. The frequency density decreased from the anterior to posterior (frontal - motor region - sensory region - parietal - occipital), while the grade (p < 0.0001) and the proportion of IDH-wt (p < 0.0001) increased. More tumors invading the right basal ganglion were MGMT-mt (p = 0.0007), and more of those invading the left frontal were TERT-wt (p = 0.0256). Age varied among locations and pathological subtypes. Conclusions This study demonstrated more detailed spatial disproportions of supratentorial gliomas. There are potential interactions among age, pathological subtypes, and tumor locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chuandong Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zonggang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lanbing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghai Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jian Xie, ; Zhenghai Deng,
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jian Xie, ; Zhenghai Deng,
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25
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Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma. Front Med 2023; 17:240-262. [PMID: 36645634 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.
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Nam HS, Capecchi MR. Lrig1 expression identifies quiescent stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone from postnatal development to adulthood and limits their persistent hyperproliferation. Neural Dev 2023; 18:1. [PMID: 36631891 PMCID: PMC9832784 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-022-00169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1) as a marker of long-term neurogenic stem cells in the lateral wall of the adult mouse brain. The morphology of the stem cells thus identified differed from the canonical B1 type stem cells, raising a question about their cellular origin. Thus, we investigated the development of these stem cells in the postnatal and juvenile brain. Furthermore, because Lrig1 is a known regulator of quiescence, we also investigated the effect(s) of its deletion on the cellular proliferation in the lateral wall. METHODS To observe the development of the Lrig1-lineage stem cells, genetic inducible fate mapping studies in combination with thymidine analog administration were conducted using a previously published Lrig1T2A-iCreERT2 mouse line. To identify the long-term consequence(s) of Lrig1 germline deletion, old Lrig1 knock-out mice were generated using two different Lrig1 null alleles in the C57BL/6J background. The lateral walls from these mice were analyzed using an optimized whole mount immunofluorescence protocol and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We observed the Lrig1-lineage labeled cells with morphologies consistent with neurogenic stem cell identity in postnatal, juvenile, and adult mouse brains. Interestingly, when induced at postnatal or juvenile ages, morphologically distinct cells were revealed, including cells with the canonical B1 type stem cell morphology. Almost all of the presumptive stem cells labeled were non-proliferative at these ages. In the old Lrig1 germline knock-out mice, increased proliferation was observed compared to wildtype littermates without concomitant increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Once set aside during embryogenesis, the Lrig1-lineage stem cells remain largely quiescent during postnatal and juvenile development until activation in adult age. The absence of premature proliferative exhaustion in the Lrig1 knock-out stem cell niche during aging is likely due to a complex cascade of effects on the adult stem cell pool. Thus, we suggest that the adult stem cell pool size may be genetically constrained via Lrig1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-song Nam
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5331 USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5331 USA
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27
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Laurenge A, Huillard E, Bielle F, Idbaih A. Cell of Origin of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:85-101. [PMID: 36587383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of cellular and molecular biology of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a critical step toward the design of innovative treatments. In addition to improving knowledge, identification of the cell of origin in tumors allows for sharp and efficient targeting of specific tumor cells promoting and driving oncogenic processes. The World Health Organization identifies approximately 150 primary brain tumor subtypes with various ontogeny and clinical outcomes. Identification of the cell of origin of each tumor type with its lineage and differentiation level is challenging. In the current chapter, we report the suspected cell of origin of various CNS primary tumors including gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, medulloblastoma, meningioma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, germinomas, and lymphoma. Most of them have been pinpointed through transgenic mouse models and analysis of molecular signatures of tumors. Identification of the cell or cells of origin in primary brain tumors will undoubtedly open new therapeutic avenues, including the reactivation of differentiation programs for therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laurenge
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, Service de Neuropathologie Escourolle, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France.
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Han XX, Jin S, Yu LM, Wang M, Hu XY, Hu DY, Ren J, Zhang MH, Huang W, Deng JJ, Chen QQ, Gao Z, He H, Cai C. Interferon-beta inhibits human glioma stem cell growth by modulating immune response and cell cycle related signaling pathways. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:23. [PMID: 35778531 PMCID: PMC9249963 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Glioma is characterized by strong self-renewal potential and immature differentiation potential. The main reason is that malignant glioma holds key cluster cells, glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) is well known for its anti-proliferative efficacy in diverse cancers. IFN-β also displayed potent antitumor effects in malignant glioma. IFN-β affect both GSCs and Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of gliomas. However, the functional comparison, similar or different effects of IFN-β on GSCs and NSCs are rarely reported. Here, we studied the similarities and differences of the responses to IFN-β between human GSCs and normal NSCs. We found that IFN-β preferentially inhibited GSCs over NSCs. The cell body and nucleus size of GSCs increased after IFN-β treatment, and the genomic analysis revealed the enrichment of the upregulated immune response, cell adhesion genes and down regulated cell cycle, ribosome pathways. Several typical cyclin genes, including cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), were significantly downregulated in GSCs after IFN-β stimulation. We also found that continuous IFN-β stimulation after passage further enhanced the inhibitory effect. Our study revealed how genetic diversity resulted in differential effects in response to IFN-β treatment. These results may contribute to improve the applications of IFN-β in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, these results may also help to design more effective pharmacological strategies to target cancer stem cells while protecting normal neural stem cells.
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Miki S, Koga T, Mckinney AM, Parisian AD, Tadokoro T, Vadla R, Marsala M, Hevner RF, Costello JF, Furnari F. TERT promoter C228T mutation in neural progenitors confers growth advantage following telomere shortening in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:2063-2075. [PMID: 35325218 PMCID: PMC9713509 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) promoter mutations (TPMs) facilitate TERT expression and are the most frequent mutation in glioblastoma (GBM). A recent analysis revealed this mutation is one of the earliest events in gliomagenesis. However, no appropriate human models have been engineered to study the role of this mutation in the initiation of these tumors. METHOD We established GBM models by introducing the heterozygous TPM in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a two-step targeting approach in the context of GBM genetic alterations, CDKN2A/B and PTEN deletion, and EGFRvIII overexpression. The impact of the mutation was evaluated through the in vivo passage and in vitro experiment and analysis. RESULTS Orthotopic injection of neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) derived from hiPSCs with the TPM into immunodeficient mice did not enhance tumorigenesis compared to TERT promoter wild type NPCs at initial in vivo passage presumably due to relatively long telomeres. However, the mutation recruited GA-Binding Protein and engendered low-level TERT expression resulting in enhanced tumorigenesis and maintenance of short telomeres upon secondary passage as observed in human GBM. These results provide the first insights regarding increased tumorigenesis upon introducing a TPM compared to isogenic controls without TPMs. CONCLUSION Our novel GBM models presented the growth advantage of heterozygous TPMs for the first time in the context of GBM driver mutations relative to isogenic controls, thereby allowing for the identification and validation of TERT promoter-specific vulnerabilities in a genetically accurate background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Alison D Parisian
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takahiro Tadokoro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raghavendra Vadla
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Corresponding Authors: Frank Furnari, PhD, Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., CMM-East Room 3053, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA ()
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Boot J, Rosser G, Kancheva D, Vinel C, Lim YM, Pomella N, Zhang X, Guglielmi L, Sheer D, Barnes M, Brandner S, Nelander S, Movahedi K, Marino S. Global hypo-methylation in a proportion of glioblastoma enriched for an astrocytic signature is associated with increased invasion and altered immune landscape. eLife 2022; 11:e77335. [PMID: 36412091 PMCID: PMC9681209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a subset of glioblastoma, the most prevalent malignant adult brain tumour, harbouring a bias towards hypomethylation at defined differentially methylated regions. This epigenetic signature correlates with an enrichment for an astrocytic gene signature, which together with the identification of enriched predicted binding sites of transcription factors known to cause demethylation and to be involved in astrocytic/glial lineage specification, point to a shared ontogeny between these glioblastomas and astroglial progenitors. At functional level, increased invasiveness, at least in part mediated by SRPX2, and macrophage infiltration characterise this subset of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boot
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dailya Kancheva
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Claire Vinel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise Sheer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
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31
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Brooks LJ, Simpson Ragdale H, Hill CS, Clements M, Parrinello S. Injury programs shape glioblastoma. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:865-876. [PMID: 36089406 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults and is almost universally fatal due to its stark therapeutic resistance. During the past decade, although survival has not substantially improved, major advances have been made in our understanding of the underlying biology. It has become clear that these devastating tumors recapitulate features of neurodevelopmental hierarchies which are influenced by the microenvironment. Emerging evidence also highlights a prominent role for injury responses in steering cellular phenotypes and contributing to tumor heterogeneity. This review highlights how the interplay between injury and neurodevelopmental programs impacts on tumor growth, invasion, and treatment resistance, and discusses potential therapeutic considerations in view of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Brooks
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Holly Simpson Ragdale
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ciaran Scott Hill
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), London, UK
| | - Melanie Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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Noorani I, Mischel PS, Swanton C. Leveraging extrachromosomal DNA to fine-tune trials of targeted therapy for glioblastoma: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:733-743. [PMID: 36131011 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma evolution is facilitated by intratumour heterogeneity, which poses a major hurdle to effective treatment. Evidence indicates a key role for oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in accelerating tumour evolution and thus resistance to treatment, particularly in glioblastomas. Oncogenes contained within ecDNA can reach high copy numbers and expression levels, and their unequal segregation can result in more rapid copy number changes in response to therapy than is possible through natural selection of intrachromosomal genomic loci. Notably, targeted therapies inhibiting oncogenic pathways have failed to improve glioblastoma outcomes. In this Perspective, we outline reasons for this disappointing lack of clinical translation and present the emerging evidence implicating ecDNA as an important driver of tumour evolution. Furthermore, we suggest that through detection of ecDNA, patient selection for clinical trials of novel agents can be optimized to include those most likely to benefit based on current understanding of resistance mechanisms. We discuss the challenges to successful translation of this approach, including accurate detection of ecDNA in tumour tissue with novel technologies, development of faithful preclinical models for predicting the efficacy of novel agents in the presence of ecDNA oncogenes, and understanding the mechanisms of ecDNA formation during cancer evolution and how they could be attenuated therapeutically. Finally, we evaluate the feasibility of routine ecDNA characterization in the clinic and how this process could be integrated with other methods of molecular stratification to maximize the potential for clinical translation of precision medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Noorani
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Jovanovich N, Habib A, Head J, Anthony A, Edwards L, Zinn PO. Opinion: Bridging gaps and doubts in glioblastoma cell-of-origin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1002933. [PMID: 36338762 PMCID: PMC9634038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Jovanovich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeffery Head
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Anthony
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pascal O. Zinn
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pascal O. Zinn,
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Zhuang Q, Yang H, Mao Y. The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:393-408. [PMID: 36229714 PMCID: PMC10043159 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states, glial, neural, and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neurons in glioma, highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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35
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Alkailani MI, Aittaleb M, Tissir F. WNT signaling at the intersection between neurogenesis and brain tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017568. [PMID: 36267699 PMCID: PMC9577257 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and tumorigenesis share signaling molecules/pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. Self-renewal of neural stem cells is a tightly regulated process that secures the accuracy of cell division and eliminates cells that undergo mitotic errors. Abnormalities in the molecular mechanisms controlling this process can trigger aneuploidy and genome instability, leading to neoplastic transformation. Mutations that affect cell adhesion, polarity, or migration enhance the invasive potential and favor the progression of tumors. Here, we review recent evidence of the WNT pathway’s involvement in both neurogenesis and tumorigenesis and discuss the experimental progress on therapeutic opportunities targeting components of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa I. Alkailani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fadel Tissir,
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36
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Gimple RC, Yang K, Halbert ME, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. Brain cancer stem cells: resilience through adaptive plasticity and hierarchical heterogeneity. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:497-514. [PMID: 35710946 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumours are complex ecosystems containing neoplastic and stromal components that generate adaptive and evolutionarily driven aberrant tissues in the central nervous system. Brain cancers are cultivated by a dynamic population of stem-like cells that enforce intratumoural heterogeneity and respond to intrinsic microenvironment or therapeutically guided insults through proliferation, plasticity and restructuring of neoplastic and stromal components. Far from a rigid hierarchy, heterogeneous neoplastic populations transition between cellular states with differential self-renewal capacities, endowing them with powerful resilience. Here we review the biological machinery used by brain tumour stem cells to commandeer tissues in the intracranial space, evade immune responses and resist chemoradiotherapy. Through recent advances in single-cell sequencing, improved models to investigate the role of the tumour microenvironment and a deeper understanding of the fundamental role of the immune system in cancer biology, we are now better equipped to explore mechanisms by which these processes can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew E Halbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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37
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Pan Y, Monje M. Neuron-Glial Interactions in Health and Brain Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200122. [PMID: 35957525 PMCID: PMC9845196 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are devastating diseases of the central nervous system. Brain tumor pathogenesis depends on both tumor-intrinsic oncogenic programs and extrinsic microenvironmental factors, including neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia) make up half of the cells in the brain, and interact with neurons to modulate neurodevelopment and plasticity. Many brain tumor cells exhibit transcriptomic profiles similar to macroglial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) and their progenitors, making them likely to subvert existing neuron-glial interactions to support tumor pathogenesis. For example, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, a putative glioma cell of origin, can form bona fide synapses with neurons. Such synapses are recently identified in gliomas and drive glioma pathophysiology, underscoring how brain tumor cells can take advantage of neuron-glial interactions to support cancer progression. In this review, it is briefly summarized how neurons and their activity normally interact with glial cells and glial progenitors, and it is discussed how brain tumor cells utilize neuron-glial interactions to support tumor initiation and progression. Unresolved questions on these topics and potential avenues to therapeutically target neuron-glia-cancer interactions in the brain are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,co-corresponding: ;
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University,co-corresponding: ;
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38
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Torborg SR, Li Z, Chan JE, Tammela T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of plasticity in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:735-746. [PMID: 35618573 PMCID: PMC9388572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are plastic - they can assume a wide range of distinct phenotypes. Plasticity is integral to cancer initiation and progression, as well as to the emergence and maintenance of intratumoral heterogeneity. Furthermore, plastic cells can rapidly adapt to and evade therapy, which poses a challenge for effective cancer treatment. As such, targeting plasticity in cancer holds tremendous promise. Yet, the principles governing plasticity in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie plasticity in cancer and in other biological contexts, including development and regeneration. We propose a key role for high-plasticity cell states (HPCSs) as crucial nodes for cell state transitions and enablers of intra-tumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R Torborg
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhuxuan Li
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason E Chan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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39
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Zeng C, Hu J, Chen F, Huang T, Zhang L. The Coordination of mTOR Signaling and Non-Coding RNA in Regulating Epileptic Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924642. [PMID: 35898503 PMCID: PMC9310657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy accounts for a significant proportion of the burden of neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation acting as the inflammatory response to epileptic seizures is characterized by aberrant regulation of inflammatory cells and molecules, and has been regarded as a key process in epilepsy where mTOR signaling serves as a pivotal modulator. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence has revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interfering with mTOR signaling are involved in neuroinflammation and therefore articipate in the development and progression of epilepsy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the regulation of mTOR on neuroinflammatory cells and mediators, and feature the progresses of the interaction between ncRNAs and mTOR in epileptic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudai Zeng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, ; Tianxiang Huang, ; Longbo Zhang,
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, ; Tianxiang Huang, ; Longbo Zhang,
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, ; Tianxiang Huang, ; Longbo Zhang,
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40
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Kalogeropoulou A, Mougkogianni M, Iliadou M, Nikolopoulou E, Flordelis S, Kanellou A, Arbi M, Nikou S, Nieminuszczy J, Niedzwiedz W, Kardamakis D, Bravou V, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Intrinsic neural stem cell properties define brain hypersensitivity to genotoxic stress. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1395-1410. [PMID: 35623353 PMCID: PMC9214316 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired replication has been previously linked to growth retardation and microcephaly; however, why the brain is critically affected compared with other organs remains elusive. Here, we report the differential response between early neural progenitors (neuroepithelial cells [NECs]) and fate-committed neural progenitors (NPs) to replication licensing defects. Our results show that, while NPs can tolerate altered expression of licensing factors, NECs undergo excessive replication stress, identified by impaired replication, increased DNA damage, and defective cell-cycle progression, leading eventually to NEC attrition and microcephaly. NECs that possess a short G1 phase license and activate more origins than NPs, by acquiring higher levels of DNA-bound MCMs. In vivo G1 shortening in NPs induces DNA damage upon impaired licensing, suggesting that G1 length correlates with replication stress hypersensitivity. Our findings propose that NECs possess distinct cell-cycle characteristics to ensure fast proliferation, although these inherent features render them susceptible to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Mougkogianni
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Marianna Iliadou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Nikolopoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Flordelis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kanellou
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece.
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Hu Y, Jiang Y, Behnan J, Ribeiro MM, Kalantzi C, Zhang MD, Lou D, Häring M, Sharma N, Okawa S, Del Sol A, Adameyko I, Svensson M, Persson O, Ernfors P. Neural network learning defines glioblastoma features to be of neural crest perivascular or radial glia lineages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6340. [PMID: 35675414 PMCID: PMC9177076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is believed to originate from nervous system cells; however, a putative origin from vessel-associated progenitor cells has not been considered. We deeply single-cell RNA-sequenced glioblastoma progenitor cells of 18 patients and integrated 710 bulk tumors and 73,495 glioma single cells of 100 patients to determine the relation of glioblastoma cells to normal brain cell types. A novel neural network-based projection of the developmental trajectory of normal brain cells uncovered two principal cell-lineage features of glioblastoma, neural crest perivascular and radial glia, carrying defining methylation patterns and survival differences. Consistently, introducing tumorigenic alterations in naïve human brain perivascular cells resulted in brain tumors. Thus, our results suggest that glioblastoma can arise from the brains' vasculature, and patients with such glioblastoma have a significantly poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Hu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinan Behnan
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariana Messias Ribeiro
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Chrysoula Kalantzi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Dong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daohua Lou
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Häring
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satoshi Okawa
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Persson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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Antonica F, Aiello G, Soldano A, Abballe L, Miele E, Tiberi L. Modeling Brain Tumors: A Perspective Overview of in vivo and Organoid Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818696. [PMID: 35706426 PMCID: PMC9190727 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect the central nervous system and include some of the deadliest cancers. Almost all the conventional and new treatments fail to hinder tumoral growth of the most malignant brain tumors. This is due to multiple factors, such as intra-tumor heterogeneity, the microenvironmental properties of the human brain, and the lack of reliable models to test new therapies. Therefore, creating faithful models for each tumor and discovering tailored treatments pose great challenges in the fight against brain cancer. Over the years, different types of models have been generated, and, in this review, we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of the models currently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Antonica
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Tiberi,
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Couturier CP, Nadaf J, Li Z, Baig S, Riva G, Le P, Kloosterman DJ, Monlong J, Nkili Meyong A, Allache R, Degenhard T, Al-Rashid M, Guiot MC, Bourque G, Ragoussis J, Akkari L, Quintana FJ, Petrecca K. Glioblastoma scRNAseq Shows Treatment-induced, Immune-dependent Rise In Mesenchymal Cancer Cells, and Structural Variants in Distal Neural Stem Cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1494-1508. [PMID: 35416251 PMCID: PMC9435507 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a treatment-resistant brain cancer. Its hierarchical cellular nature and its tumour microenvironment (TME) before, during, and after treatments remain unresolved. METHODS Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to analyze new and recurrent glioblastoma, and the nearby subventricular zone (SVZ). RESULTS We found four glioblastoma neural lineages are present in new and recurrent glioblastoma with an enrichment of the cancer mesenchymal lineage, immune cells, and reactive astrocytes in early recurrences. Cancer lineages were hierarchically organized around cycling oligodendrocytic and astrocytic progenitors that are transcriptomically similar but distinct to SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs). Furthermore, NSCs from the SVZ of glioblastoma patients harbored glioblastoma chromosomal anomalies. Lastly, mesenchymal cancer cells and TME reactive astrocytes shared similar gene signatures which were induced by radiotherapy in a myeloid-dependent fashion in vivo. CONCLUSION These data reveal the dynamic, immune-dependent nature of glioblastoma's response to treatments and identify distant NSCs as likely cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Couturier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University.,McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salma Baig
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Gabriele Riva
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Tumour Biology and Immunology Division, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Monlong
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Andriniaina Nkili Meyong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Redouane Allache
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Theresa Degenhard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Mariam Al-Rashid
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Department of Neuropathology, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leila Akkari
- Tumour Biology and Immunology Division, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University
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44
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Bonosi L, Ferini G, Giammalva GR, Benigno UE, Porzio M, Giovannini EA, Musso S, Gerardi RM, Brunasso L, Costanzo R, Paolini F, Graziano F, Scalia G, Umana GE, Di Bonaventura R, Sturiale CL, Iacopino DG, Maugeri R. Liquid Biopsy in Diagnosis and Prognosis of High-Grade Gliomas; State-of-the-Art and Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030407. [PMID: 35330158 PMCID: PMC8950809 DOI: 10.3390/life12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, particularly high-grade gliomas, represent the most common and aggressive tumors of the CNS and are still burdened by high mortality and a very poor prognosis, regardless of the type of therapy. Their diagnosis and monitoring rely on imaging techniques and direct biopsy of the pathological tissue; however, both procedures have inherent limitations. To address these limitations, liquid biopsies have been proposed in this field. They could represent an innovative tool that could help clinicians in the early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of these tumors. Furthermore, the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to a significant reduction in sequencing cost, with improved accuracy, providing a molecular profile of cancer and leading to better survival results and less disease burden. This paper focuses on the current clinical application of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, introduces NGS-related methods, reviews recent progress, and summarizes challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Bonosi
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916554656
| | - Gianluca Ferini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Roberto Giammalva
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Umberto Emanuele Benigno
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Porzio
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Evier Andrea Giovannini
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Sofia Musso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosa Maria Gerardi
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Lara Brunasso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Costanzo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Federica Paolini
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Francesca Graziano
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Garibaldi Hospital, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Scalia
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Garibaldi Hospital, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana
- Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rina Di Bonaventura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.D.B.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Carmelo Lucio Sturiale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.D.B.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosario Maugeri
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.R.G.); (U.E.B.); (M.P.); (E.A.G.); (S.M.); (R.M.G.); (L.B.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.G.I.); (R.M.)
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45
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Glioblastoma mutations alter EGFR dimer structure to prevent ligand bias. Nature 2022; 602:518-522. [PMID: 35140400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in human cancer1,2, and is an important therapeutic target. EGFR inhibitors have been successful in lung cancer, where mutations in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain activate the receptor1, but not in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)3, where mutations occur exclusively in the extracellular region. Here we show that common extracellular GBM mutations prevent EGFR from discriminating between its activating ligands4. Different growth factor ligands stabilize distinct EGFR dimer structures5 that signal with different kinetics to specify or bias outcome5,6. EGF itself induces strong symmetric dimers that signal transiently to promote proliferation. Epiregulin (EREG) induces much weaker asymmetric dimers that drive sustained signalling and differentiation5. GBM mutations reduce the ability of EGFR to distinguish EREG from EGF in cellular assays, and allow EGFR to form strong (EGF-like) dimers in response to EREG and other low-affinity ligands. Using X-ray crystallography, we further show that the R84K GBM mutation symmetrizes EREG-driven extracellular dimers so that they resemble dimers normally seen with EGF. By contrast, a second GBM mutation, A265V, remodels key dimerization contacts to strengthen asymmetric EREG-driven dimers. Our results argue for an important role of altered ligand discrimination by EGFR in GBM, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting.
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46
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Xie XP, Laks DR, Sun D, Ganbold M, Wang Z, Pedraza AM, Bale T, Tabar V, Brennan C, Zhou X, Parada LF. Quiescent human glioblastoma cancer stem cells drive tumor initiation, expansion, and recurrence following chemotherapy. Dev Cell 2022; 57:32-46.e8. [PMID: 35016005 PMCID: PMC8820651 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that glioblastoma harbors quiescent cancer stem cells that evade anti-proliferative therapies. Functional characterization of spontaneous glioblastomas from genetically engineered mice reveals essential quiescent stem-like cells that can be directly isolated from tumors. A derived quiescent cancer-stem-cell-specific gene expression signature is enriched in pre-formed patient GBM xenograft single-cell clusters that lack proliferative gene expression. A refined human 118-gene signature is preserved in quiescent single-cell populations from primary and recurrent human glioblastomas. The F3 cell-surface receptor mRNA, expressed in the conserved signature, identifies quiescent tumor cells by antibody immunohistochemistry. F3-antibody-sorted glioblastoma cells exhibit stem cell gene expression, enhance self-renewal in culture, drive tumor initiation and serial transplantation, and reconstitute tumor heterogeneity. Upon chemotherapy, the spared cancer stem cell pool becomes activated and accelerates transition to proliferation. These results help explain conventional treatment failure and lay a conceptual framework for alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhua P. Xie
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally,Correspondence: ,
| | - Dan R. Laks
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,These authors contributed equally,Present address: Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daochun Sun
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mungunsarnai Ganbold
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zilai Wang
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Chicago Biosolutions, Inc, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alicia M. Pedraza
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tejus Bale
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cameron Brennan
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Luis F. Parada
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Lead Contact,Correspondence: ,
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Giampiccolo D, Nunes S, Cattaneo L, Sala F. Functional Approaches to the Surgery of Brain Gliomas. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2022; 45:35-96. [PMID: 35976447 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99166-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the surgery of gliomas, recent years have witnessed unprecedented theoretical and technical development, which extensively increased indication to surgery. On one hand, it has been solidly demonstrated the impact of gross total resection on life expectancy. On the other hand, the paradigm shift from classical cortical localization of brain function towards connectomics caused by the resurgence of awake surgery and the advent of tractography has permitted safer surgeries focused on subcortical white matter tracts preservation and allowed for surgical resections within regions, such as Broca's area or the primary motor cortex, which were previously deemed inoperable. Furthermore, new asleep electrophysiological techniques have been developed whenever awake surgery is not an option, such as operating in situations of poor compliance (including paediatric patients) or pre-existing neurological deficits. One such strategy is the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), enabling the identification and preservation of functionally defined, but anatomically ambiguous, cortico-subcortical structures through mapping and monitoring techniques. These advances tie in with novel challenges, specifically risk prediction and the impact of neuroplasticity, the indication for tumour resection beyond visible borders, or supratotal resection, and most of all, a reappraisal of the importance of the right hemisphere from early psychosurgery to mapping and preservation of social behaviour, executive control, and decision making.Here we review current advances and future perspectives in a functional approach to glioma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giampiccolo
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- Institute of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Nunes
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattaneo
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences (CIMeC) and Center for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Sala
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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48
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Ji YR, Cheng CC, Lee AL, Shieh JCC, Wu HJ, Huang APH, Hsu YH, Young TH. Poly(allylguanidine)-Coated Surfaces Regulate TGF-β in Glioblastoma Cells to Induce Apoptosis via NF-κB Pathway Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59400-59410. [PMID: 34846137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycationic biomaterials are currently widely applied in neuronal cell cultures to promote cell adhesion and viability. However, polycations generally have cytotoxic properties that limit their application in the field of biomaterials. In this study, we examined the use of a novel polycation poly(allylguanidine) (PAG), which contains a guanidine group in the side chain and a structure similar to poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), an example of another commonly used polycation. Our findings showed that exposure to PAG induced apoptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, while exposure to PAH induced necrosis. Compared to control groups, the PAG coating significantly limited the proliferation of GBM8901 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GBM8901 cells exposed to the PAG coating exhibited increased levels of phospho-p65 and phosphor-IκB, implying that GBM8901 cells underwent apoptotic cell death via the NF-κB pathway by the regulation of TGF-β. This result was further confirmed to be consistent with the experimental results from western blot protein analysis and apoptosis/necrosis assays. These findings indicate that the polycation PAG has the potential to not only suppress the proliferation of GBM8901 cancer cells but also improve the neural viability and promote the differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells into mature neurons. In conclusion, biomaterials such as PAG act as extremely potent options for applications in the treatment of pathological conditions such as brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - An-Li Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Ju Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Abel Po-Hao Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Alcantara Llaguno S, Parada LF. Cancer stem cells in gliomas: evolving concepts and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Neurol 2021; 34:868-874. [PMID: 34581301 PMCID: PMC9746696 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in the hierarchical heterogeneity and treatment resistance of hematologic and solid tumor malignancies, including gliomas, for several decades now but their therapeutic targeting has not been fully realized. Recent studies have uncovered deeper layers of CSC complexity, related to developmental origins, plasticity, cellular states, and interface with the microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Sequencing and in-vivo lineage-tracing studies in mouse and patient-derived models show evidence of stem and progenitor origin of glioma, at the same time that genomic studies show a relatedness of glioma CSCs with radial glia. The spate of single-cell sequencing analyses demonstrates the diversity of transcriptional cellular states, which are susceptible to transitions, indicating the plasticity of glioma CSCs. The evolution of glioma CSCs and their interactions with niche cells play important roles in CSC treatment resistance and immune evasion, with epigenetic modulation as one of the emerging mechanisms. SUMMARY To harness the potential of CSCs for clinical application, there is urgent need to investigate their complex nature and myriad interactions, to better understand the contribution of these self-renewing, stem-like cancer cells in the pathogenesis and therapy resistance of malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Alcantara Llaguno
- Brain Tumor Center, Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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50
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Letter: Glioblastoma Cell of Origin. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:691-693. [PMID: 34825324 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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