1
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Qi M, Chen TT, Li L, Gao PP, Li N, Zhang SH, Wei W, Sun WY. Insight into the regulatory mechanism of β-arrestin2 and its emerging role in diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3019-3038. [PMID: 38961617 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
β-arrestin2, a member of the arrestin family, mediates the desensitization and internalization of most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and functions as a scaffold protein in signalling pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that β-arrestin2 expression is dysregulated in malignant tumours, fibrotic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases, suggesting its pathological roles. Transcription and post-transcriptional modifications can affect the expression of β-arrestin2. Furthermore, post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and S-nitrosylation affect the cellular localization of β-arrestin2 and its interaction with downstream signalling molecules, which further regulate the activity of β-arrestin2. This review summarizes the structure and function of β-arrestin2 and reveals the mechanisms involved in the regulation of β-arrestin2 at multiple levels. Additionally, recent studies on the role of β-arrestin2 in some major diseases and its therapeutic prospects have been discussed to provide a reference for the development of drugs targeting β-arrestin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ping-Ping Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anhui-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
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2
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Gurevich VV. Arrestins: A Small Family of Multi-Functional Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6284. [PMID: 38892473 PMCID: PMC11173308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The first member of the arrestin family, visual arrestin-1, was discovered in the late 1970s. Later, the other three mammalian subtypes were identified and cloned. The first described function was regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling: arrestins bind active phosphorylated GPCRs, blocking their coupling to G proteins. It was later discovered that receptor-bound and free arrestins interact with numerous proteins, regulating GPCR trafficking and various signaling pathways, including those that determine cell fate. Arrestins have no enzymatic activity; they function by organizing multi-protein complexes and localizing their interaction partners to particular cellular compartments. Today we understand the molecular mechanism of arrestin interactions with GPCRs better than the mechanisms underlying other functions. However, even limited knowledge enabled the construction of signaling-biased arrestin mutants and extraction of biologically active monofunctional peptides from these multifunctional proteins. Manipulation of cellular signaling with arrestin-based tools has research and likely therapeutic potential: re-engineered proteins and their parts can produce effects that conventional small-molecule drugs cannot.
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3
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Tóth AD, Soltész-Katona E, Kis K, Guti V, Gilzer S, Prokop S, Boros R, Misák Á, Balla A, Várnai P, Turiák L, Ács A, Drahos L, Inoue A, Hunyady L, Turu G. ArreSTick motif controls β-arrestin-binding stability and extends phosphorylation-dependent β-arrestin interactions to non-receptor proteins. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114241. [PMID: 38758647 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The binding and function of β-arrestins are regulated by specific phosphorylation motifs present in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the exact arrangement of phosphorylated amino acids responsible for establishing a stable interaction remains unclear. We employ a 1D sequence convolution model trained on GPCRs with established β-arrestin-binding properties. With this approach, amino acid motifs characteristic of GPCRs that form stable interactions with β-arrestins can be identified, a pattern that we name "arreSTick." Intriguingly, the arreSTick pattern is also present in numerous non-receptor proteins. Using proximity biotinylation assay and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrate that the arreSTick motif controls the interaction between many non-receptor proteins and β-arrestin2. The HIV-1 Tat-specific factor 1 (HTSF1 or HTATSF1), a nuclear transcription factor, contains the arreSTick pattern, and its subcellular localization is influenced by β-arrestin2. Our findings unveil a broader role for β-arrestins in phosphorylation-dependent interactions, extending beyond GPCRs to encompass non-receptor proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Dávid Tóth
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kis
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Guti
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sharon Gilzer
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roxána Boros
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Misák
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN SE Hungarian Research Network Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN SE Hungarian Research Network Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Ács
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - László Hunyady
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Turu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Zhai R, Wang Z, Chai Z, Niu X, Li C, Jin C, Hu Y. Distinct activation mechanisms of β-arrestin-1 revealed by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7865. [PMID: 38030602 PMCID: PMC10686989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins (βarrs) are functionally versatile proteins that play critical roles in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. While it is well established that the phosphorylated receptor tail plays a central role in βarr activation, emerging evidence highlights the contribution from membrane lipids. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of βarr activation by different binding partners remain elusive. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the structural changes in critical regions of βarr1 during activation using 19F NMR spectroscopy. We show that phosphopeptides derived from different classes of GPCRs display different βarr1 activation abilities, whereas binding of the membrane phosphoinositide PIP2 stabilizes a distinct partially activated conformational state. Our results further unveil a sparsely-populated activation intermediate as well as complex cross-talks between different binding partners, implying a highly multifaceted conformational energy landscape of βarr1 that can be intricately modulated during signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuoqi Wang
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaofei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Joint Laboratory of the National Centers for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan and in Beijing, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaogang Niu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Conggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Joint Laboratory of the National Centers for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan and in Beijing, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changwen Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Joint Laboratory of the National Centers for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan and in Beijing, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yunfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Joint Laboratory of the National Centers for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan and in Beijing, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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5
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Castiglione GM, Chiu YLI, Gutierrez EDA, Van Nynatten A, Hauser FE, Preston M, Bhattacharyya N, Schott RK, Chang BSW. Convergent evolution of dim light vision in owls and deep-diving whales. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4733-4740.e4. [PMID: 37776863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Animals with enhanced dim-light sensitivity are at higher risk of light-induced retinal degeneration when exposed to bright light conditions.1,2,3,4 This trade-off is mediated by the rod photoreceptor sensory protein, rhodopsin (RHO), and its toxic vitamin A chromophore by-product, all-trans retinal.5,6,7,8 Rod arrestin (Arr-1) binds to RHO and promotes sequestration of excess all-trans retinal,9,10 which has recently been suggested as a protective mechanism against photoreceptor cell death.2,11 We investigated Arr-1 evolution in animals at high risk of retinal damage due to periodic bright-light exposure of rod-dominated retinas. Here, we find the convergent evolution of enhanced Arr-1/RHO all-trans-retinal sequestration in owls and deep-diving whales. Statistical analyses reveal a parallel acceleration of Arr-1 evolutionary rates in these lineages, which is associated with the introduction of a rare Arr-1 mutation (Q69R) into the RHO-Arr-1 binding interface. Using in vitro assays, we find that this single mutation significantly enhances RHO-all-trans-retinal sequestration by ∼30%. This functional convergence across 300 million years of evolutionary divergence suggests that Arr-1 and RHO may play an underappreciated role in the photoprotection of the eye, with potentially vast clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni M Castiglione
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Evolutionary Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Yan L I Chiu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Eduardo de A Gutierrez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alexander Van Nynatten
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Frances E Hauser
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Matthew Preston
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Nihar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Ryan K Schott
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Biology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Belinda S W Chang
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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6
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Tatsumi R, Aihara S, Matsune S, Aoki J, Inoue A, Shimizu T, Nakamura M. Stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines complex assemblies with β-arrestin serving distinct functions. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23213. [PMID: 37795742 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301440r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) utilize complex cellular systems to respond to diverse ligand concentrations. By taking BLT1, a GPCR for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), as a model, our previous work elucidated that this system functions through the modulation of phosphorylation status on two specific residues: Thr308 and Ser310 . Ser310 phosphorylation occurs at a lower LTB4 concentration than Thr308 , leading to a shift in ligand affinity from a high-to-low state. However, the implications of BLT1 phosphorylation in signal transduction processes or the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, we identify the sequential BLT1-engaged conformations of β-arrestin and subsequent alterations in signal transduction. Stimulation of the high-affinity BLT1 with LTB4 induces phosphorylation at Ser310 via the ERK1/2-GRK pathway, resulting in a β-arrestin-bound low-affinity state. This configuration, referred to as the "low-LTB4 -induced complex," necessitates the finger loop region and the phosphoinositide-binding motif of β-arrestins to interact with BLT1 and deactivates the ERK1/2 signaling. Under high LTB4 concentrations, the low-affinity BLT1 again binds to the ligand and triggers the generation of the low-LTB4 -induced complex into a different form termed "high-LTB4 -induced complex." This change is propelled by The308 -phosphorylation-dependent basal phosphorylation by PKCs. Within the high-LTB4 -induced complex, β-arrestin adapts a unique configuration that involves additional N domain interaction to the low-affinity BLT1 and stimulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. We propose that the stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines the formation of complex assemblies, wherein β-arrestins perform distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Tatsumi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saki Aihara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiya Matsune
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
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7
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Zheng C, Weinstein LD, Nguyen KK, Grewal A, Gurevich EV, Gurevich VV. GPCR Binding and JNK3 Activation by Arrestin-3 Have Different Structural Requirements. Cells 2023; 12:1563. [PMID: 37371033 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestins bind active phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among the four mammalian subtypes, only arrestin-3 facilitates the activation of JNK3 in cells. In available structures, Lys-295 in the lariat loop of arrestin-3 and its homologue Lys-294 in arrestin-2 directly interact with the activator-attached phosphates. We compared the roles of arrestin-3 conformational equilibrium and Lys-295 in GPCR binding and JNK3 activation. Several mutants with enhanced ability to bind GPCRs showed much lower activity towards JNK3, whereas a mutant that does not bind GPCRs was more active. The subcellular distribution of mutants did not correlate with GPCR recruitment or JNK3 activation. Charge neutralization and reversal mutations of Lys-295 differentially affected receptor binding on different backgrounds but had virtually no effect on JNK3 activation. Thus, GPCR binding and arrestin-3-assisted JNK3 activation have distinct structural requirements, suggesting that facilitation of JNK3 activation is the function of arrestin-3 that is not bound to a GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Liana D Weinstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin K Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abhijeet Grewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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8
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Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Miljus T, O'Brien SL, Stepniewski TM, Medel-Lacruz B, Baidya M, Makarova M, Mistry R, Goulding J, Drube J, Hoffmann C, Owen DM, Shukla AK, Selent J, Hill SJ, Calebiro D. Plasma membrane preassociation drives β-arrestin coupling to receptors and activation. Cell 2023; 186:2238-2255.e20. [PMID: 37146613 PMCID: PMC7614532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin plays a key role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and desensitization. Despite recent structural advances, the mechanisms that govern receptor-β-arrestin interactions at the plasma membrane of living cells remain elusive. Here, we combine single-molecule microscopy with molecular dynamics simulations to dissect the complex sequence of events involved in β-arrestin interactions with both receptors and the lipid bilayer. Unexpectedly, our results reveal that β-arrestin spontaneously inserts into the lipid bilayer and transiently interacts with receptors via lateral diffusion on the plasma membrane. Moreover, they indicate that, following receptor interaction, the plasma membrane stabilizes β-arrestin in a longer-lived, membrane-bound state, allowing it to diffuse to clathrin-coated pits separately from the activating receptor. These results expand our current understanding of β-arrestin function at the plasma membrane, revealing a critical role for β-arrestin preassociation with the lipid bilayer in facilitating its interactions with receptors and subsequent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tamara Miljus
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tomasz M Stepniewski
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Brian Medel-Lacruz
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Maria Makarova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ravi Mistry
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Julia Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Zheng C, Weinstein LD, Nguyen KK, Grewal A, Gurevich EV, Gurevich VV. GPCR binding and JNK3 activation by arrestin-3 have different structural requirements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538990. [PMID: 37205393 PMCID: PMC10187157 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arrestins bind active phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among the four mammalian subtypes, only arrestin-3 facilitates the activation of JNK3 in cells. In available structures, Lys-295 in the lariat loop of arrestin-3 and its homologue Lys-294 in arrestin-2 directly interact with the activator-attached phosphates. We compared the role of arrestin-3 conformational equilibrium and of Lys-295 in GPCR binding and JNK3 activation. Several mutants with enhanced ability to bind GPCRs showed much lower activity towards JNK3, whereas a mutant that does not bind GPCRs was more active. Subcellular distribution of mutants did not correlate with GPCR recruitment or JNK3 activation. Charge neutralization and reversal mutations of Lys-295 differentially affected receptor binding on different backgrounds, but had virtually no effect on JNK3 activation. Thus, GPCR binding and arrestin-3-assisted JNK3 activation have distinct structural requirements, suggesting that facilitation of JNK3 activation is the function of arrestin-3 that is not bound to a GPCR.
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10
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Eiger DS, Smith JS, Shi T, Stepniewski TM, Tsai CF, Honeycutt C, Boldizsar N, Gardner J, Nicora CD, Moghieb AM, Kawakami K, Choi I, Hicks C, Zheng K, Warman A, Alagesan P, Knape NM, Huang O, Silverman JD, Smith RD, Inoue A, Selent J, Jacobs JM, Rajagopal S. Phosphorylation barcodes direct biased chemokine signaling at CXCR3. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:362-382.e8. [PMID: 37030291 PMCID: PMC10147449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-biased agonism, selective activation of certain signaling pathways relative to others, is thought to be directed by differential GPCR phosphorylation "barcodes." At chemokine receptors, endogenous chemokines can act as "biased agonists", which may contribute to the limited success when pharmacologically targeting these receptors. Here, mass spectrometry-based global phosphoproteomics revealed that CXCR3 chemokines generate different phosphorylation barcodes associated with differential transducer activation. Chemokine stimulation resulted in distinct changes throughout the kinome in global phosphoproteomics studies. Mutation of CXCR3 phosphosites altered β-arrestin 2 conformation in cellular assays and was consistent with conformational changes observed in molecular dynamics simulations. T cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient CXCR3 mutants resulted in agonist- and receptor-specific chemotactic profiles. Our results demonstrate that CXCR3 chemokines are non-redundant and act as biased agonists through differential encoding of phosphorylation barcodes, leading to distinct physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S Eiger
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Dermatology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stepniewski
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | | | - Kouki Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Issac Choi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chloe Hicks
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Zheng
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anmol Warman
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicole M Knape
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ouwen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin D Silverman
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon M Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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11
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Eiger DS, Smith JS, Shi T, Stepniewski TM, Tsai CF, Honeycutt C, Boldizsar N, Gardner J, Nicora CD, Moghieb AM, Kawakami K, Choi I, Zheng K, Warman A, Alagesan P, Knape NM, Huang O, Silverman JD, Smith RD, Inoue A, Selent J, Jacobs JM, Rajagopal S. Phosphorylation barcodes direct biased chemokine signaling at CXCR3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532634. [PMID: 36993369 PMCID: PMC10055163 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biased agonism, the activation of some signaling pathways over others, is thought to largely be due to differential receptor phosphorylation, or "phosphorylation barcodes." At chemokine receptors, ligands act as "biased agonists" with complex signaling profiles, which contributes to the limited success in pharmacologically targeting these receptors. Here, mass spectrometry-based global phosphoproteomics revealed that CXCR3 chemokines generate different phosphorylation barcodes associated with differential transducer activation. Chemokine stimulation resulted in distinct changes throughout the kinome in global phosphoproteomic studies. Mutation of CXCR3 phosphosites altered β-arrestin conformation in cellular assays and was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. T cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient CXCR3 mutants resulted in agonist- and receptor-specific chemotactic profiles. Our results demonstrate that CXCR3 chemokines are non-redundant and act as biased agonists through differential encoding of phosphorylation barcodes and lead to distinct physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S. Eiger
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Dermatology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stepniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | | | - Kouki Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Issac Choi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Kevin Zheng
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anmol Warman
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nicole M. Knape
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ouwen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Justin D. Silverman
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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12
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Shiraki A, Shimizu S. The molecular associations in clathrin-coated pit regulate β-arrestin-mediated MAPK signaling downstream of μ-opioid receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:64-72. [PMID: 36502633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been thought that μ-opioid receptors (MOPs) activate the G protein-mediated analgesic pathway and β-arrestin 2-mediated side effect pathway; however, ligands that only minimally recruit β-arrestin 2 to MOPs may also cause opioid side effects. Moreover, such side effects have been induced in mutant mice lacking β-arrestin 2 or expressing phosphorylation-deficient MOPs that do not recruit β-arrestin 2. These findings raise the critical question of whether β-arrestin 2 recruitment to MOP triggers side effects. Here, we show that β-arrestin 1 and 2 are essential in the efficient activation of the Gi/o-mediated MAPK signaling at MOP. Moreover, the magnitude of β-arrestin-mediated signals is not correlated with the magnitude of phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal of MOP, which is used to evaluate the β-arrestin bias of a ligand. Instead, the molecular association with β2-adaptin and clathrin heavy chain in the formation of clathrin-coated pits is essential for β-arrestin to activate MAPK signaling. Our findings provide insights into G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling and further highlight a concept that the accumulation of molecules required for endocytosis is critical for activating intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Shiraki
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto City, Japan.
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13
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Ives A, Dunn HA, Afsari HS, Seckler HDS, Foroutan MJ, Chavez E, Melani RD, Fellers RT, LeDuc RD, Thomas PM, Martemyanov KA, Kelleher NL, Vafabakhsh R. Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Reveals Activity-Modifying Phosphorylation Barcode in a Class C G Protein-Coupled Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23104-23114. [PMID: 36475650 PMCID: PMC9785046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors in humans. They mediate nearly all aspects of human physiology and thus are of high therapeutic interest. GPCR signaling is regulated in space and time by receptor phosphorylation. It is believed that different phosphorylation states are possible for a single receptor, and each encodes for unique signaling outcomes. Methods to determine the phosphorylation status of GPCRs are critical for understanding receptor physiology and signaling properties of GPCR ligands and therapeutics. However, common proteomic techniques have provided limited quantitative information regarding total receptor phosphorylation stoichiometry, relative abundances of isomeric modification states, and temporal dynamics of these parameters. Here, we report a novel middle-down proteomic strategy and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to quantify the phosphorylation states of the C-terminal tail of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2). By this approach, we found that mGluR2 is subject to both basal and agonist-induced phosphorylation at up to four simultaneous sites with varying probability. Using a PRM tandem mass spectrometry methodology, we localized the positions and quantified the relative abundance of phosphorylations following treatment with an agonist. Our analysis showed that phosphorylation within specific regions of the C-terminal tail of mGluR2 is sensitive to receptor activation, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis of these sites identified key regions which tune receptor sensitivity. This study demonstrates that middle-down purification followed by label-free quantification is a powerful, quantitative, and accessible tool for characterizing phosphorylation states of GPCRs and other challenging proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley
N. Ives
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Henry A. Dunn
- Department
of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States,Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T6, Canada,Division
of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen
Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Hamid Samareh Afsari
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Max J. Foroutan
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Erica Chavez
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rafael D. Melani
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,National
Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan T. Fellers
- National
Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D. LeDuc
- National
Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paul M. Thomas
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,National
Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kirill A. Martemyanov
- Department
of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States,Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,National
Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,
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14
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Smylla TK, Wagner K, Huber A. The Role of Reversible Phosphorylation of Drosophila Rhodopsin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314674. [PMID: 36499010 PMCID: PMC9740569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate and fly rhodopsins are prototypical GPCRs that have served for a long time as model systems for understanding GPCR signaling. Although all rhodopsins seem to become phosphorylated at their C-terminal region following activation by light, the role of this phosphorylation is not uniform. Two major functions of rhodopsin phosphorylation have been described: (1) inactivation of the activated rhodopsin either directly or by facilitating binding of arrestins in order to shut down the visual signaling cascade and thus eventually enabling a high-temporal resolution of the visual system. (2) Facilitating endocytosis of activated receptors via arrestin binding that in turn recruits clathrin to the membrane for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In vertebrate rhodopsins the shutdown of the signaling cascade may be the main function of rhodopsin phosphorylation, as phosphorylation alone already quenches transducin activation and, in addition, strongly enhances arrestin binding. In the Drosophila visual system rhodopsin phosphorylation is not needed for receptor inactivation. Its role here may rather lie in the recruitment of arrestin 1 and subsequent endocytosis of the activated receptor. In this review, we summarize investigations of fly rhodopsin phosphorylation spanning four decades and contextualize them with regard to the most recent insights from vertebrate phosphorylation barcode theory.
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15
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Janetzko J, Kise R, Barsi-Rhyne B, Siepe DH, Heydenreich FM, Kawakami K, Masureel M, Maeda S, Garcia KC, von Zastrow M, Inoue A, Kobilka BK. Membrane phosphoinositides regulate GPCR-β-arrestin complex assembly and dynamics. Cell 2022; 185:4560-4573.e19. [PMID: 36368322 PMCID: PMC10030194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Binding of arrestin to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is crucial for modulating signaling. Once internalized, some GPCRs remain complexed with β-arrestins, while others interact only transiently; this difference affects GPCR signaling and recycling. Cell-based and in vitro biophysical assays reveal the role of membrane phosphoinositides (PIPs) in β-arrestin recruitment and GPCR-β-arrestin complex dynamics. We find that GPCRs broadly stratify into two groups, one that requires PIP binding for β-arrestin recruitment and one that does not. Plasma membrane PIPs potentiate an active conformation of β-arrestin and stabilize GPCR-β-arrestin complexes by promoting a fully engaged state of the complex. As allosteric modulators of GPCR-β-arrestin complex dynamics, membrane PIPs allow for additional conformational diversity beyond that imposed by GPCR phosphorylation alone. For GPCRs that require membrane PIP binding for β-arrestin recruitment, this provides a mechanism for β-arrestin release upon translocation of the GPCR to endosomes, allowing for its rapid recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Janetzko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Benjamin Barsi-Rhyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dirk H Siepe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Franziska M Heydenreich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shoji Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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16
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Huang Y, Rafael Guimarães T, Todd N, Ferguson C, Weiss KM, Stauffer FR, McDermott B, Hurtle BT, Saito T, Saido TC, MacDonald ML, Homanics GE, Thathiah A. G protein-biased GPR3 signaling ameliorates amyloid pathology in a preclinical Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204828119. [PMID: 36161942 PMCID: PMC9546571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204828119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biased G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands, which preferentially activate G protein or β-arrestin signaling pathways, are leading to the development of drugs with superior efficacy and reduced side effects in heart disease, pain management, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although GPCRs are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), biased GPCR signaling is a largely unexplored area of investigation in AD. Our previous work demonstrated that GPR3-mediated β-arrestin signaling modulates amyloid-β (Aβ) generation in vitro and that Gpr3 deficiency ameliorates Aβ pathology in vivo. However, Gpr3-deficient mice display several adverse phenotypes, including elevated anxiety-like behavior, reduced fertility, and memory impairment, which are potentially associated with impaired G protein signaling. Here, we generated a G protein-biased GPR3 mouse model to investigate the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of selective elimination of GPR3-mediated β-arrestin signaling in vivo. In contrast to Gpr3-deficient mice, G protein-biased GPR3 mice do not display elevated anxiety levels, reduced fertility, or cognitive impairment. We further determined that G protein-biased signaling reduces soluble Aβ levels and leads to a decrease in the area and compaction of amyloid plaques in the preclinical AppNL-G-F AD mouse model. The changes in amyloid pathology are accompanied by robust microglial and astrocytic hypertrophy, which suggest a protective glial response that may limit amyloid plaque development in G protein-biased GPR3 AD mice. Collectively, these studies indicate that GPR3-mediated G protein and β-arrestin signaling produce discrete and separable effects and provide proof of concept for the development of safer GPCR-targeting therapeutics with more directed pharmacological action for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Thais Rafael Guimarães
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Nicholas Todd
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
| | - Carolyn Ferguson
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
| | - Kathryn M. Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Fiona R. Stauffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Breanne McDermott
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Bryan T. Hurtle
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Matthew L. MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
| | - Gregg E. Homanics
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
| | - Amantha Thathiah
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260
- Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15260
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17
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Haider RS, Matthees ESF, Drube J, Reichel M, Zabel U, Inoue A, Chevigné A, Krasel C, Deupi X, Hoffmann C. β-arrestin1 and 2 exhibit distinct phosphorylation-dependent conformations when coupling to the same GPCR in living cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5638. [PMID: 36163356 PMCID: PMC9512828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins mediate regulatory processes for over 800 different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by adopting specific conformations that result from the geometry of the GPCR–β-arrestin complex. However, whether β-arrestin1 and 2 respond differently for binding to the same GPCR is still unknown. Employing GRK knockout cells and β-arrestins lacking the finger-loop-region, we show that the two isoforms prefer to associate with the active parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) in different complex configurations (“hanging” and “core”). Furthermore, the utilisation of advanced NanoLuc/FlAsH-based biosensors reveals distinct conformational signatures of β-arrestin1 and 2 when bound to active PTH1R (P-R*). Moreover, we assess β-arrestin conformational changes that are induced specifically by proximal and distal C-terminal phosphorylation and in the absence of GPCR kinases (GRKs) (R*). Here, we show differences between conformational changes that are induced by P-R* or R* receptor states and further disclose the impact of site-specific GPCR phosphorylation on arrestin-coupling and function. Here the authors present improved intramolecular sensors for β-arrestin2 and 1, which enable assessment of conformational changes of both isoforms in living cells. These reveal that the same GPCR induces differential conformational rearrangements that determine the functional diversity between the two β-arrestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Haider
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Edda S F Matthees
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mona Reichel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacherstraße 9, D-97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg; Fachbereich Pharmazie; Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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18
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Zhao M, Aweya JJ, Feng Q, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y. Ammonia stress affects the structure and function of hemocyanin in Penaeus vannamei. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113827. [PMID: 36068754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic factors and climate change have serious effects on the aquatic ecosystem and aquaculture. Among water pollutants, ammonia has the greatest impact on aquaculture organisms such as penaeid shrimp because it makes them more susceptible to infections. In this study, we explored the effects of ammonia stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) on the molecular structure and functions of the multifunctional respiratory protein hemocyanin (HMC) in Penaeus vannamei. While the mRNA expression of Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin (PvHMC) was up-regulated after ammonia stress, both plasma hemocyanin protein and oxyhemocyanin (OxyHMC) levels decreased. Moreover, ammonia stress changed the molecular structure of hemocyanin, modulated the expression of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) and casein kinase 2α (CK2α) to regulate the phosphorylation modification of hemocyanin, and enhanced its degradation into fragments by trypsin. Under moderate ammonia stress conditions, hemocyanin also undergoes glycosylation to improve its in vitro antibacterial activity and binding with Gram-negative (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, albeit differently. The current findings indicate that P. vannamei hemocyanin undergoes adaptive molecular modifications under ammonia stress enabling the shrimp to survive and counteract the consequences of the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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19
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Kleist AB, Jenjak S, Sente A, Laskowski LJ, Szpakowska M, Calkins MM, Anderson EI, McNally LM, Heukers R, Bobkov V, Peterson FC, Thomas MA, Chevigné A, Smit MJ, McCorvy JD, Babu MM, Volkman BF. Conformational selection guides β-arrestin recruitment at a biased G protein-coupled receptor. Science 2022; 377:222-228. [PMID: 35857540 PMCID: PMC9574477 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recruit β-arrestins to coordinate diverse cellular processes, but the structural dynamics driving this process are poorly understood. Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are intrinsically biased GPCRs that engage β-arrestins but not G proteins, making them a model system for investigating the structural basis of β-arrestin recruitment. Here, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on 13CH3-ε-methionine-labeled ACKR3, revealing that β-arrestin recruitment is associated with conformational exchange at key regions of the extracellular ligand-binding pocket and intracellular β-arrestin-coupling region. NMR studies of ACKR3 mutants defective in β-arrestin recruitment identified an allosteric hub in the receptor core that coordinates transitions among heterogeneously populated and selected conformational states. Our data suggest that conformational selection guides β-arrestin recruitment by tuning receptor dynamics at intracellular and extracellular regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Kleist
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shawn Jenjak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Andrija Sente
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lauren J Laskowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maggie M Calkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Emilie I Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lisa M McNally
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Bobkov
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Monica A Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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20
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Dixon AD, Inoue A, Robson SA, Culhane KJ, Trinidad JC, Sivaramakrishnan S, Bumbak F, Ziarek JJ. Effect of Ligands and Transducers on the Neurotensin Receptor 1 Conformational Ensemble. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10241-10250. [PMID: 35647863 PMCID: PMC9936889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a discrete, intracellular 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe on transmembrane helix 6 of the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1), we aim to understand how ligands and transducers modulate the receptor's structural ensemble in a solution. For apo NTS1, 19F NMR spectra reveal an ensemble of at least three conformational substates (one inactive and two active-like) in equilibrium that exchange on the millisecond to second timescale. Dynamic NMR experiments reveal that these substates follow a linear three-site exchange process that is both thermodynamically and kinetically remodeled by orthosteric ligands. As previously observed in other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the full agonist is insufficient to completely stabilize the active-like state. The inactive substate is abolished upon coupling to β-arrestin-1 (βArr1) or the C-terminal helix of Gαq, which comprises ≳60% of the GPCR/G protein interface surface area. Whereas βArr1 exclusively selects for pre-existing active-like substates, the Gαq peptide induces a new substate. Both transducer molecules promote substantial line broadening of active-like states, suggesting contributions from additional microsecond to millisecond exchange processes. Together, our study suggests that (i) the NTS1 allosteric activation mechanism may be alternatively dominated by induced fit or conformational selection depending on the coupled transducer, and (ii) the available static structures do not represent the entire conformational ensemble observed in a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D. Dixon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Scott A. Robson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kelly J. Culhane
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States,Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin, 54911, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Trinidad
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Fabian Bumbak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States,Present Address: Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joshua J. Ziarek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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21
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Asher WB, Terry DS, Gregorio GGA, Kahsai AW, Borgia A, Xie B, Modak A, Zhu Y, Jang W, Govindaraju A, Huang LY, Inoue A, Lambert NA, Gurevich VV, Shi L, Lefkowitz RJ, Blanchard SC, Javitch JA. GPCR-mediated β-arrestin activation deconvoluted with single-molecule precision. Cell 2022; 185:1661-1675.e16. [PMID: 35483373 PMCID: PMC9191627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestins bind G protein-coupled receptors to terminate G protein signaling and to facilitate other downstream signaling pathways. Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, we show that β-arrestin is strongly autoinhibited in its basal state. Its engagement with a phosphopeptide mimicking phosphorylated receptor tail efficiently releases the β-arrestin tail from its N domain to assume distinct conformations. Unexpectedly, we find that β-arrestin binding to phosphorylated receptor, with a phosphorylation barcode identical to the isolated phosphopeptide, is highly inefficient and that agonist-promoted receptor activation is required for β-arrestin activation, consistent with the release of a sequestered receptor C tail. These findings, together with focused cellular investigations, reveal that agonism and receptor C-tail release are specific determinants of the rate and efficiency of β-arrestin activation by phosphorylated receptor. We infer that receptor phosphorylation patterns, in combination with receptor agonism, synergistically establish the strength and specificity with which diverse, downstream β-arrestin-mediated events are directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B Asher
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel S Terry
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - G Glenn A Gregorio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alessandro Borgia
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bing Xie
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arnab Modak
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alekhya Govindaraju
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Li-Yin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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22
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Kawakami K, Yanagawa M, Hiratsuka S, Yoshida M, Ono Y, Hiroshima M, Ueda M, Aoki J, Sako Y, Inoue A. Heterotrimeric Gq proteins act as a switch for GRK5/6 selectivity underlying β-arrestin transducer bias. Nat Commun 2022; 13:487. [PMID: 35078997 PMCID: PMC8789823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling-biased ligands acting on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) differentially activate heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins. Although a wealth of structural knowledge about signaling bias at the GPCR level exists (preferential engagement of a specific transducer), little is known about the bias at the transducer level (different functions mediated by a single transducer), partly due to a poor understanding of GPCR kinase (GRK)-mediated GPCR phosphorylation. Here, we reveal a unique role of the Gq heterotrimer as a determinant for GRK-subtype selectivity that regulates subsequent β-arrestin conformation and function. Using the angiotensin II (Ang II) type-1 receptor (AT1R), we show that β-arrestin recruitment depends on both GRK2/3 and GRK5/6 upon binding of Ang II, but solely on GRK5/6 upon binding of the β-arrestin-biased ligand TRV027. With pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of Gq, GRK-subtype selectivity and β-arrestin functionality by Ang II is shifted to those of TRV027. Single-molecule imaging identifies relocation of AT1R and GRK5, but not GRK2, to an immobile phase under the Gq-inactive, AT1R-stimulated conditions. These findings uncover a previously unappreciated Gq-regulated mechanism that encodes GRK-subtype selectivity and imparts distinct phosphorylation-barcodes directing downstream β-arrestin functions. GPCR kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate active-form G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, the authors reveal that Gq heterotrimer coupled with the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) determines the GRK subtypes recruited to the complex in a microdomain, thus defining subsequent AT1R phosphorylation patterns, β-arrestin conformation and functionality.
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23
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Hoare SRJ, Tewson PH, Sachdev S, Connor M, Hughes TE, Quinn AM. Quantifying the Kinetics of Signaling and Arrestin Recruitment by Nervous System G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814547. [PMID: 35110998 PMCID: PMC8801586 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons integrate inputs over different time and space scales. Fast excitatory synapses at boutons (ms and μm), and slow modulation over entire dendritic arbors (seconds and mm) are all ultimately combined to produce behavior. Understanding the timing of signaling events mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of therapeutics targeting the nervous system. Measuring signaling kinetics in live cells has been transformed by the adoption of fluorescent biosensors and dyes that convert biological signals into optical signals that are conveniently recorded by microscopic imaging or by fluorescence plate readers. Quantifying the timing of signaling has now become routine with the application of equations in familiar curve fitting software to estimate the rates of signaling from the waveform. Here we describe examples of the application of these methods, including (1) Kinetic analysis of opioid signaling dynamics and partial agonism measured using cAMP and arrestin biosensors; (2) Quantifying the signaling activity of illicit synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists measured using a fluorescent membrane potential dye; (3) Demonstration of multiplicity of arrestin functions from analysis of biosensor waveforms and quantification of the rates of these processes. These examples show how temporal analysis provides additional dimensions to enhance the understanding of GPCR signaling and therapeutic mechanisms in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R. J. Hoare
- Pharmechanics LLC, Owego, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sam R. J. Hoare
| | | | - Shivani Sachdev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Activating and inactivating mutations of the human, rat, equine and eel luteinizing hormone/ chorionic gonadotropin receptors (LH/CGRs). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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25
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Karnam PC, Vishnivetskiy SA, Gurevich VV. Structural Basis of Arrestin Selectivity for Active Phosphorylated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212481. [PMID: 34830362 PMCID: PMC8621391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are a small family of proteins that bind G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestin binds to active phosphorylated GPCRs with higher affinity than to all other functional forms of the receptor, including inactive phosphorylated and active unphosphorylated. The selectivity of arrestins suggests that they must have two sensors, which detect receptor-attached phosphates and the active receptor conformation independently. Simultaneous engagement of both sensors enables arrestin transition into a high-affinity receptor-binding state. This transition involves a global conformational rearrangement that brings additional elements of the arrestin molecule, including the middle loop, in contact with a GPCR, thereby stabilizing the complex. Here, we review structural and mutagenesis data that identify these two sensors and additional receptor-binding elements within the arrestin molecule. While most data were obtained with the arrestin-1-rhodopsin pair, the evidence suggests that all arrestins use similar mechanisms to achieve preferential binding to active phosphorylated GPCRs.
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26
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Li Y, Heng J, Sun D, Zhang B, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Shi WW, Wang TY, Li JY, Sun X, Liu X, Zheng JS, Kobilka BK, Liu L. Chemical Synthesis of a Full-Length G-Protein-Coupled Receptor β 2-Adrenergic Receptor with Defined Modification Patterns at the C-Terminus. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17566-17576. [PMID: 34663067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to the hormone adrenaline and is an important drug target in the context of respiratory diseases, including asthma. β2AR function can be regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination at the C-terminus, but access to the full-length β2AR with well-defined and homogeneous modification patterns critical for biochemical and biophysical studies remains challenging. Here, we report a practical synthesis of differentially modified, full-length β2AR based on a combined native chemical ligation (NCL) and sortase ligation strategy. An array of homogeneous samples of full-length β2ARs with distinct modification patterns, including a full-length β2AR bearing both monoubiquitination and octaphosphorylation modifications, were successfully prepared for the first time. Using these homogeneously modified full-length β2AR receptors, we found that different phosphorylation patterns mediate different interactions with β-arrestin1 as reflected in different agonist binding affinities. Our experiments also indicated that ubiquitination can further modulate interactions between β2AR and β-arrestin1. Access to full-length β2AR with well-defined and homogeneous modification patterns at the C-terminus opens a door to further in-depth mechanistic studies into the structure and dynamics of β2AR complexes with downstream transducer proteins, including G proteins, arrestins, and GPCR kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Heng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Demeng Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Baochang Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yupeng Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tong-Yue Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiu-Yi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Substance P Serves as a Balanced Agonist for MRGPRX2 and a Single Tyrosine Residue Is Required for β-Arrestin Recruitment and Receptor Internalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105318. [PMID: 34070125 PMCID: PMC8158387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) mediates neurogenic inflammation and pain and contributes to atopic dermatitis in mice through the activation of mast cells (MCs) via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-B2 (MrgprB2, human ortholog MRGPRX2). In addition to G proteins, certain MRGPRX2 agonists activate an additional signaling pathway that involves the recruitment of β-arrestins, which contributes to receptor internalization and desensitization (balanced agonists). We found that SP caused β-arrestin recruitment, MRGPRX2 internalization, and desensitization. These responses were independent of G proteins, indicating that SP serves as a balanced agonist for MRGPRX2. A tyrosine residue in the highly conserved NPxxY motif contributes to the activation and internalization of many GPCRs. We have previously shown that Tyr279 of MRGPRX2 is essential for G protein-mediated signaling and degranulation. To assess its role in β-arrestin-mediated MRGPRX2 regulation, we replaced Tyr279 in the NPxxY motif of MRGPRX2 with Ala (Y279A). Surprisingly, we found that, unlike the wild-type receptor, Y279A mutant of MRGPRX2 was resistant to SP-induced β-arrestin recruitment and internalization. This study reveals the novel findings that activation of MRGPRX2 by SP is regulated by β-arrestins and that a highly conserved tyrosine residue within MRGPRX2’s NPxxY motif contributes to both G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated responses.
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28
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Bredow M, Bender KW, Johnson Dingee A, Holmes DR, Thomson A, Ciren D, Tanney CAS, Dunning KE, Trujillo M, Huber SC, Monaghan J. Phosphorylation-dependent subfunctionalization of the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024272118. [PMID: 33941701 PMCID: PMC8126791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024272118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are a unique family of Ca2+ sensor/kinase-effector proteins with diverse functions in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, CPK28 contributes to immune homeostasis by promoting degradation of the key immune signaling receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and additionally functions in vegetative-to-reproductive stage transition. How CPK28 controls these seemingly disparate pathways is unknown. Here, we identify a single phosphorylation site in the kinase domain of CPK28 (Ser318) that is differentially required for its function in immune homeostasis and stem elongation. We show that CPK28 undergoes intermolecular autophosphorylation on Ser318 and can additionally be transphosphorylated on this residue by BIK1. Analysis of several other phosphorylation sites demonstrates that Ser318 phosphorylation is uniquely required to prime CPK28 for Ca2+ activation at physiological concentrations of Ca2+, possibly through stabilization of the Ca2+-bound active state as indicated by intrinsic fluorescence experiments. Together, our data indicate that phosphorylation of Ser318 is required for the activation of CPK28 at low intracellular [Ca2+] to prevent initiation of an immune response in the absence of infection. By comparison, phosphorylation of Ser318 is not required for stem elongation, indicating pathway-specific requirements for phosphorylation-based Ca2+-sensitivity priming. We additionally provide evidence for a conserved function for Ser318 phosphorylation in related group IV CDPKs, which holds promise for biotechnological applications by generating CDPK alleles that enhance resistance to microbial pathogens without consequences to yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bredow
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kyle W Bender
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Danalyn R Holmes
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alysha Thomson
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Danielle Ciren
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cailun A S Tanney
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katherine E Dunning
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Steven C Huber
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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29
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Abreu N, Acosta-Ruiz A, Xiang G, Levitz J. Mechanisms of differential desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109050. [PMID: 33910009 PMCID: PMC9750234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with intracellular transducers to control both signal initiation and desensitization, but the distinct mechanisms that control the regulation of different GPCR subtypes are unclear. Here we use fluorescence imaging and electrophysiology to examine the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family. We find distinct properties across subtypes in both rapid desensitization and internalization, with striking differences between the group II mGluRs. mGluR3, but not mGluR2, undergoes glutamate-dependent rapid desensitization, internalization, trafficking, and recycling. We map differences between mGluRs to variable Ser/Thr-rich sequences in the C-terminal domain (CTD) that control interaction with both GPCR kinases and β-arrestins. Finally, we identify a cancer-associated mutation, G848E, within the mGluR3 CTD that enhances β-arrestin coupling and internalization, enabling an analysis of mGluR3 β-arrestin-coupling properties and revealing biased variants. Together, this work provides a framework for understanding the distinct regulation and functional roles of mGluR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohely Abreu
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Acosta-Ruiz
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoqing Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Structural studies of phosphorylation-dependent interactions between the V2R receptor and arrestin-2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2396. [PMID: 33888704 PMCID: PMC8062632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrestins recognize different receptor phosphorylation patterns and convert this information to selective arrestin functions to expand the functional diversity of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamilies. However, the principles governing arrestin-phospho-receptor interactions, as well as the contribution of each single phospho-interaction to selective arrestin structural and functional states, are undefined. Here, we determined the crystal structures of arrestin2 in complex with four different phosphopeptides derived from the vasopressin receptor-2 (V2R) C-tail. A comparison of these four crystal structures with previously solved Arrestin2 structures demonstrated that a single phospho-interaction change results in measurable conformational changes at remote sites in the complex. This conformational bias introduced by specific phosphorylation patterns was further inspected by FRET and 1H NMR spectrum analysis facilitated via genetic code expansion. Moreover, an interdependent phospho-binding mechanism of phospho-receptor-arrestin interactions between different phospho-interaction sites was unexpectedly revealed. Taken together, our results provide evidence showing that phospho-interaction changes at different arrestin sites can elicit changes in affinity and structural states at remote sites, which correlate with selective arrestin functions. The interaction between a GPCR, such as the vasopressin receptor-2 (V2R), and arrestin depends on the receptors’ phosphorylation pattern. Here authors use FRET and NMR to analyze the phosphorylation patterns of the V2R-arrestin complex and show that phospho-interactions are the key determinants of selective arrestin conformational states and correlated functions.
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31
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Chandrabalan A, Ramachandran R. Molecular mechanisms regulating Proteinase‐Activated Receptors (PARs). FEBS J 2021; 288:2697-2726. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhasa Chandrabalan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada
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32
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Ma TL, Zhou Y, Zhang CY, Gao ZA, Duan JX. The role and mechanism of β-arrestin2 in signal transduction. Life Sci 2021; 275:119364. [PMID: 33741415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin2 is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein localized on the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It was originally found to bind to GPCRs, uncoupling G proteins and receptors' binding and inhibiting the signal transduction of the GPCRs. Further investigations have revealed that β-arrestin2 not only mediates the desensitization of GPCRs but also serves as a multifunctional scaffold to mediate receptor internalization, kinase activation, and regulation of various signaling pathways, such as TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt, TGF-β, and AMPK/mTOR pathways. β-arrestin2 regulates cell invasion, migration, autophagy, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating various signaling pathways, which play a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes. This paper reviews the structure and function of β-arrestin2, the regulation of β-arrestin2 based signaling pathways. The role and mechanism of β-arrestin2 signaling have been delineated in sufficient detail. The prospect of regulating the expression and activity of β-arrestin2 in multisystem diseases holds substantial therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Impants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zi-Ang Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Kahlhofer J, Leon S, Teis D, Schmidt O. The α-arrestin family of ubiquitin ligase adaptors links metabolism with selective endocytosis. Biol Cell 2021; 113:183-219. [PMID: 33314196 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of nutrient uptake into cells is important, as it allows to either increase biomass for cell growth or to preserve homoeostasis. A key strategy to adjust cellular nutrient uptake is the reconfiguration of the nutrient transporter repertoire at the plasma membrane by the addition of nutrient transporters through the secretory pathway and by their endocytic removal. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that regulate selective nutrient transporter endocytosis, which is mediated by the α-arrestin protein family. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 14 different α-arrestins (also named arrestin-related trafficking adaptors, ARTs) function as adaptors for the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. They instruct Rsp5 to ubiquitinate subsets of nutrient transporters to orchestrate their endocytosis. The ART proteins are under multilevel control of the major nutrient sensing systems, including amino acid sensing by the general amino acid control and target of rapamycin pathways, and energy sensing by 5'-adenosine-monophosphate-dependent kinase. The function of the six human α-arrestins is comparably under-characterised. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the function, regulation and substrates of yeast ARTs and human α-arrestins, and highlight emerging communalities and general principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastien Leon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - David Teis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang X, Kong Z, Xu X, Yun X, Chao J, Ding D, Li T, Gao Y, Guan N, Zhu C, Qin X. ARRB1 Drives Gallbladder Cancer Progression by Facilitating TAK1/MAPK Signaling Activation. J Cancer 2021; 12:1926-1935. [PMID: 33753990 PMCID: PMC7974532 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, with a dismal 5-year survival of 5%. Recently, ARRB1, as a molecular scaffold, has been proposed to participate in the progression of multiple malignancies. However, the effect and regulatory mechanisms of ARRB1 in GBC have not been investigated. Our study aimed to explore the biological functional status and the possible molecular mechanisms of ARRB1 with respect to GBC progression. The survey showed that human GBC tissues exhibited increased levels of ARRB1 compared with normal tissues, and the high expression of ARRB1 was associated with poor prognosis of GBC patients. A series of in vitro and in vivo functional experiments based on knockdown of ARRB1 uncovered that ARRB1 enhanced GBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we reported that TAK1, a component of the TNF /MAPK pathway, is a vital downstream effector of ARRB1. In addition, siTAK1 could abolish the functional changes between ARRB1 overexpression GBC cells and control ones. Our data revealed that ARRB1 facilitated the carcinogenesis and development of GBC through TNF/TAK1/MAPK axis, suggesting that ARRB1 may be a promising biomarker and treatment target for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Kong
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jiadeng Chao
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Naifu Guan
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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35
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Moo EV, van Senten JR, Bräuner-Osborne H, Møller TC. Arrestin-Dependent and -Independent Internalization of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Methods, Mechanisms, and Implications on Cell Signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:242-255. [PMID: 33472843 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonist-induced endocytosis is a key regulatory mechanism for controlling the responsiveness of the cell by changing the density of cell surface receptors. In addition to the role of endocytosis in signal termination, endocytosed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been found to signal from intracellular compartments of the cell. Arrestins are generally believed to be the master regulators of GPCR endocytosis by binding to both phosphorylated receptors and adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) or clathrin, thus recruiting receptors to clathrin-coated pits to facilitate the internalization process. However, many other functions have been described for arrestins that do not relate to their role in terminating signaling. Additionally, there are now more than 30 examples of GPCRs that internalize independently of arrestins. Here we review the methods, pharmacological tools, and cellular backgrounds used to determine the role of arrestins in receptor internalization, highlighting their advantages and caveats. We also summarize key examples of arrestin-independent GPCR endocytosis in the literature and their suggested alternative endocytosis pathway (e.g., the caveolae-dependent and fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis pathways). Finally, we consider the possible function of arrestins recruited to GPCRs that are endocytosed independently of arrestins, including the catalytic arrestin activation paradigm. Technological improvements in recent years have advanced the field further, and, combined with the important implications of endocytosis on drug responses, this makes endocytosis an obvious parameter to include in molecular pharmacological characterization of ligand-GPCR interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) endocytosis is an important means to terminate receptor signaling, and arrestins play a central role in the widely accepted classical paradigm of GPCR endocytosis. In contrast to the canonical arrestin-mediated internalization, an increasing number of GPCRs are found to be endocytosed via alternate pathways, and the process appears more diverse than the previously defined "one pathway fits all."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Von Moo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey R van Senten
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Dishman AF, Tyler RC, Fox JC, Kleist AB, Prehoda KE, Babu MM, Peterson FC, Volkman BF. Evolution of fold switching in a metamorphic protein. Science 2021; 371:86-90. [PMID: 33384377 PMCID: PMC8017559 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphic proteins switch between different folds, defying the protein folding paradigm. It is unclear how fold switching arises during evolution. With ancestral reconstruction and nuclear magnetic resonance, we studied the evolution of the metamorphic human protein XCL1, which has two distinct folds with different functions, making it an unusual member of the chemokine family, whose members generally adopt one conserved fold. XCL1 evolved from an ancestor with the chemokine fold. Evolution of a dimer interface, changes in structural constraints and molecular strain, and alteration of intramolecular protein contacts drove the evolution of metamorphosis. Then, XCL1 likely evolved to preferentially populate the noncanonical fold before reaching its modern-day near-equal population of folds. These discoveries illuminate how one sequence has evolved to encode multiple structures, revealing principles for protein design and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia F Dishman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert C Tyler
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jamie C Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrew B Kleist
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth E Prehoda
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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37
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Sayers NS, Anujan P, Yu HN, Palmer SS, Nautiyal J, Franks S, Hanyaloglu AC. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induces Lipid Droplets via Gαi/o and β-Arrestin in an Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798866. [PMID: 35185785 PMCID: PMC8850301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR, represents a paradigm for receptor signaling systems that activate multiple and complex pathways. Classically, FSHR activates Gαs to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, but its ability to activate other G proteins, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling is well documented in many different cell systems. The pleiotropic signal capacity of FSHR offers a mechanism for how FSH drives multiple and dynamic downstream functions in both gonadal and non-gonadal cell types, including distinct diseases, and how signal bias may be achieved at a pharmacological and cell system-specific manner. In this study, we identify an additional mechanism of FSH-mediated signaling and downstream function in the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line. While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. The low expression levels may attribute to the lack of Gαs/cAMP signaling as increasing FSHR expression resulted in FSH-mediated activation of the Gαs pathway. Unlike prior reports for FSH-mediated Gαs/cAMP signaling, FSH-mediated Gαi/o signaling was not affected by inhibition of dynamin-dependent receptor internalization. While chronic FSH did not alter cell viability, FSH was able to increase lipid droplet size. The β-arrestins are key adaptor proteins known to regulate FSHR signaling. Indeed, a rapid, FSH-dependent increase in interactions between β-arrestin1 and Gαi1 was observed via NanoBiT complementation in Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, both inhibition of Gαi/o signaling and siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2 significantly reduced FSH-induced lipid droplet accumulation, implying a role for a Gαi/o/β-arrestin complex in FSH functions in this cell type. As FSH/FSHR has been implicated in distinct hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial cancer, analysis of the cancer genome database from 575 human endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors revealed that a subpopulation of samples expressed FSHR. Overall, this study highlights a novel mechanism for FSHR signal pleiotropy that may be exploited for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh S. Sayers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry N. Yu
- CanWell Pharma Inc., Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Stephen S. Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin C. Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aylin C. Hanyaloglu,
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38
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Latorraca NR, Masureel M, Hollingsworth SA, Heydenreich FM, Suomivuori CM, Brinton C, Townshend RJL, Bouvier M, Kobilka BK, Dror RO. How GPCR Phosphorylation Patterns Orchestrate Arrestin-Mediated Signaling. Cell 2020; 183:1813-1825.e18. [PMID: 33296703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Binding of arrestin to phosphorylated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) controls many aspects of cell signaling. The number and arrangement of phosphates may vary substantially for a given GPCR, and different phosphorylation patterns trigger different arrestin-mediated effects. Here, we determine how GPCR phosphorylation influences arrestin behavior by using atomic-level simulations and site-directed spectroscopy to reveal the effects of phosphorylation patterns on arrestin binding and conformation. We find that patterns favoring binding differ from those favoring activation-associated conformational change. Both binding and conformation depend more on arrangement of phosphates than on their total number, with phosphorylation at different positions sometimes exerting opposite effects. Phosphorylation patterns selectively favor a wide variety of arrestin conformations, differently affecting arrestin sites implicated in scaffolding distinct signaling proteins. We also reveal molecular mechanisms of these phenomena. Our work reveals the structural basis for the long-standing "barcode" hypothesis and has important implications for design of functionally selective GPCR-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Scott A Hollingsworth
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Franziska M Heydenreich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carl-Mikael Suomivuori
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Connor Brinton
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raphael J L Townshend
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Vishnivetskiy SA, Huh EK, Gurevich EV, Gurevich VV. The finger loop as an activation sensor in arrestin. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1138-1152. [PMID: 33159335 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The finger loop in the central crest of the receptor-binding site of arrestins engages the cavity between the transmembrane helices of activated G-protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, it was hypothesized to serve as the sensor that detects the activation state of the receptor. We performed comprehensive mutagenesis of the finger loop in bovine visual arrestin-1, generated mutant radiolabeled proteins by cell-free translation, and determined the effects of mutations on the in vitro binding of arrestin-1 to purified phosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin. This interaction is driven by two factors, rhodopsin activation and rhodopsin-attached phosphates. Therefore, the binding of arrestin-1 to light-activated unphosphorylated rhodopsin is low. To evaluate the role of the finger loop specifically in the recognition of the active receptor conformation, we tested the effects of these mutations in the context of truncated arrestin-1 that demonstrates much higher binding to unphosphorylated activated and phosphorylated inactive rhodopsin. The majority of finger loop residues proved important for arrestin-1 binding to light-activated rhodopsin, with six mutations affecting the binding exclusively to this form. Thus, the finger loop is the key element of arrestin-1 activation sensor. The data also suggest that arrestin-1 and its enhanced mutant bind various functional forms of rhodopsin differently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Structural Insights into β-arrestin/CB1 Receptor Interaction: NMR and CD Studies on Model Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218111. [PMID: 33143110 PMCID: PMC7662265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor induces different cellular signaling cascades through coupling to different effector proteins (G-proteins and β-arrestins), triggering numerous therapeutic effects. Conformational changes and rearrangements at the intracellular domain of this GPCR receptor that accompany ligand binding dictate the signaling pathways. The GPCR-binding interface for G proteins has been extensively studied, whereas β-arrestin/GPCR complexes are still poorly understood. To gain knowledge in this direction, we designed peptides that mimic the motifs involved in the putative interacting region: β-arrestin1 finger loop and the transmembrane helix 7-helix 8 (TMH7-H8) elbow located at the intracellular side of the CB1 receptor. According to circular dichroism and NMR data, these peptides form a native-like, helical conformation and interact with each other in aqueous solution, in the presence of trifluoroethanol, and using zwitterionic detergent micelles as membrane mimics. These results increase our understanding of the binding mode of β-arrestin and CB1 receptor and validate minimalist approaches to structurally comprehend complex protein systems.
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41
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Liu Q, He QT, Lyu X, Yang F, Zhu ZL, Xiao P, Yang Z, Zhang F, Yang ZY, Wang XY, Sun P, Wang QW, Qu CX, Gong Z, Lin JY, Xu Z, Song SL, Huang SM, Guo SC, Han MJ, Zhu KK, Chen X, Kahsai AW, Xiao KH, Kong W, Li FH, Ruan K, Li ZJ, Yu X, Niu XG, Jin CW, Wang J, Sun JP. DeSiphering receptor core-induced and ligand-dependent conformational changes in arrestin via genetic encoded trimethylsilyl 1H-NMR probe. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4857. [PMID: 32978402 PMCID: PMC7519161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the dynamic conformational changes in membrane protein signaling complexes by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy remains challenging. Here we report the site-specific incorporation of 4-trimethylsilyl phenylalanine (TMSiPhe) into proteins, through genetic code expansion. Crystallographic analysis revealed structural changes that reshaped the TMSiPhe-specific amino-acyl tRNA synthetase active site to selectively accommodate the trimethylsilyl (TMSi) group. The unique up-field 1H-NMR chemical shift and the highly efficient incorporation of TMSiPhe enabled the characterization of multiple conformational states of a phospho-β2 adrenergic receptor/β-arrestin-1(β-arr1) membrane protein signaling complex, using only 5 μM protein and 20 min of spectrum accumulation time. We further showed that extracellular ligands induced conformational changes located in the polar core or ERK interaction site of β-arr1 via direct receptor transmembrane core interactions. These observations provided direct delineation and key mechanism insights that multiple receptor ligands were able to induce distinct functionally relevant conformational changes of arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qing-Tao He
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lyu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhao-Ya Yang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 30 Xiaohongshan Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Qian-Wen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 30 Xiaohongshan Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Chang-Xiu Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shao-le Song
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shen-Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming-Jie Han
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xiqi Road, Airport Economic Zone, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Kong-Kai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuangxi Road, Shizhong District, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Kun-Hong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fa-Hui Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zi-Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Niu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chang-Wen Jin
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Martins E, Brodier H, Rossitto-Borlat I, Ilgaz I, Villard M, Hartley O. Arrestin Recruitment to C-C Chemokine Receptor 5: Potent C-C Chemokine Ligand 5 Analogs Reveal Differences in Dependence on Receptor Phosphorylation and Isoform-Specific Recruitment Bias. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:599-611. [PMID: 32943494 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. An established anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug target, CCR5 is attracting significant additional interest in both cancer and neuroinflammation. Several N-terminally engineered analogs of C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), a natural ligand of CCR5, are highly potent CCR5 inhibitors. The inhibitory mechanisms of certain analogs relate to modulation of receptor desensitization, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here we made use of a collection of CCR5 phosphorylation mutants and arrestin variants to investigate how CCL5 analogs differ from CCL5 in their capacity to elicit both CCR5 phosphorylation and arrestin recruitment, with reference to the current "core" and "tail" interaction model for arrestin-GPCR interaction. We showed that CCL5 recruits both arrestin 2 and arrestin 3 to CCR5 with recruitment, particularly of arrestin 2, strongly dependent on the arrestin tail interaction. 5P12-RANTES does not elicit receptor phosphorylation or arrestin recruitment. In contrast, PSC-RANTES induces CCR5 hyperphosphorylation, driving enhanced arrestin recruitment with lower dependence on the arrestin tail interaction. 5P14-RANTES induces comparable levels of receptor phosphorylation to CCL5, but arrestin recruitment is absolutely dependent on the arrestin tail interaction, and in one of the cellular backgrounds used, recruitment showed isoform bias toward arrestin 3 versus arrestin 2. No evidence for ligand-specific differences in receptor phosphorylation patterns across the four implicated serine residues was observed. Our results improve understanding of the molecular pharmacology of CCR5 and help further elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of a group of potent inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a key drug target for human immunodeficiency virus, cancer, and inflammation. Highly potent chemokine analog inhibitors act via the modulation of receptor desensitization, a process initiated by the recruitment of arrestin proteins. This study shows that potent C-C chemokine ligand 5 analogs differ from each other and from the parent chemokine in the extent and quality of CCR5-arrestin association that they elicit, providing valuable insights into CCR5 pharmacology and cell biology that will facilitate the development of new medicines targeting this important receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Martins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hellena Brodier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Rossitto-Borlat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilke Ilgaz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Villard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Thibeault PE, Ramachandran R. Biased signaling in platelet G-protein coupled receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:255-269. [PMID: 32846106 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small megakaryocyte-derived, anucleate, disk-like structures that play an outsized role in human health and disease. Both a decrease in the number of platelets and a variety of platelet function disorders result in petechiae or bleeding that can be life threatening. Conversely, the inappropriate activation of platelets, within diseased blood vessels, remains the leading cause of death and morbidity by affecting heart attacks and stroke. The fine balance of the platelet state in healthy individuals is controlled by a number of receptor-mediated signaling pathways that allow the platelet to rapidly respond and maintain haemostasis. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are particularly important regulators of platelet function. Here we focus on the major platelet-expressed GPCRs and discuss the roles of downstream signaling pathways (e.g., different G-protein subtypes or β-arrestin) in regulating the different phases of the platelet activation. Further, we consider the potential for selectively targeting signaling pathways that may contribute to platelet responses in disease through development of biased agonists. Such selective targeting of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways by drugs, often referred to as biased signaling, holds promise in delivering therapeutic interventions that do not present significant side effects, especially in finely balanced physiological systems such as platelet activation in haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre E Thibeault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
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44
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Thibeault PE, Ramachandran R. Role of the Helix-8 and C-Terminal Tail in Regulating Proteinase Activated Receptor 2 Signaling. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:868-882. [PMID: 33073187 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal tail of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) contain important regulatory sites that enable interaction with intracellular signaling effectors. Here we examine the relative contribution of the C-tail serine/threonine phosphorylation sites (Ser383-385, Ser387-Thr392) and the helix-8 palmitoylation site (Cys361) in signaling regulation downstream of the proteolytically activated GPCR, PAR2. We examined Gαq/11-coupled calcium signaling, β-arrestin-1/-2 recruitment, and MAPK activation (p44/42 phosphorylation) by wild-type and mutant receptors expressed in a CRISPR/Cas9 PAR2-knockout HEK-293 cell background with both peptide stimulation of the receptor (SLIGRL-NH2) as well as activation with its endogenous trypsin revealed a tethered ligand. We find that alanine substitution of the membrane proximal serine residues (Ser383-385Ala) had no effect on SLIGRL-NH2- or trypsin-stimulated β-arrestin recruitment. In contrast, alanine substitutions in the Ser387-Thr392 cluster resulted in a large (∼50%) decrease in β-arrestin-1/-2 recruitment triggered by the activating peptide, SLIGRL-NH2, but was without an effect on trypsin-activated β-arrestin-1/-2 recruitment. Additionally, we find that alanine substitution of the helix-8 cysteine residue (Cys361Ala) led to a large decrease in both Gαq/11 coupling and β-arrestin-1/-2 recruitment to PAR2. Furthermore, we show that Gαq/11 inhibition with YM254890, inhibited ERK phosphorylation by PAR2 agonists, while genetic deletion of β-arrestin-1/-2 by CRISPR/Cas9 enhanced MAPK activation. Knockout of β-arrestins also enhanced Gαq/11-mediated calcium signaling. In line with these findings, a C-tail serine/threonine mutant that has decreased β-arrestin recruitment also showed enhanced ERK activation. Thus, our studies point to multiple mechanisms that regulate β-arrestin interaction with PAR2 and highlight differences in regulation of tethered-ligand- and peptide-mediated activation of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre E Thibeault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada
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45
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Zhuo Y, Gurevich VV, Vishnivetskiy SA, Klug CS, Marchese A. A non-GPCR-binding partner interacts with a novel surface on β-arrestin1 to mediate GPCR signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14111-14124. [PMID: 32753481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted adaptor protein β-arr1 (β-arrestin1) promotes activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by the chemokine receptor CXCR4, facilitating chemotaxis. This function of β-arr1 requires the assistance of the adaptor protein STAM1 (signal-transducing adaptor molecule 1) because disruption of the interaction between STAM1 and β-arr1 reduces CXCR4-mediated activation of FAK and chemotaxis. To begin to understand the mechanism by which β-arr1 together with STAM1 activates FAK, we used site-directed spin-labeling EPR spectroscopy-based studies coupled with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based cellular studies to show that STAM1 is recruited to activated β-arr1 by binding to a novel surface on β-arr1 at the base of the finger loop, at a site that is distinct from the receptor-binding site. Expression of a STAM1-deficient binding β-arr1 mutant that is still able to bind to CXCR4 significantly reduced CXCL12-induced activation of FAK but had no impact on ERK-1/2 activation. We provide evidence of a novel surface at the base of the finger loop that dictates non-GPCR interactions specifying β-arrestin-dependent signaling by a GPCR. This surface might represent a previously unidentified switch region that engages with effector molecules to drive β-arrestin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Candice S Klug
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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46
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Jiang BC, Liu T, Gao YJ. Chemokines in chronic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ghosh E, Dwivedi H, Baidya M, Srivastava A, Kumari P, Stepniewski T, Kim HR, Lee MH, van Gastel J, Chaturvedi M, Roy D, Pandey S, Maharana J, Guixà-González R, Luttrell LM, Chung KY, Dutta S, Selent J, Shukla AK. Conformational Sensors and Domain Swapping Reveal Structural and Functional Differences between β-Arrestin Isoforms. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3287-3299.e6. [PMID: 31553900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Desensitization, signaling, and trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by multifunctional adaptor proteins, β-arrestins (βarrs). The two isoforms of βarrs (βarr1 and 2) share a high degree of sequence and structural similarity; still, however, they often mediate distinct functional outcomes in the context of GPCR signaling and regulation. A mechanistic basis for such a functional divergence of βarr isoforms is still lacking. By using a set of complementary approaches, including antibody-fragment-based conformational sensors, we discover structural differences between βarr1 and 2 upon their interaction with activated and phosphorylated receptors. Interestingly, domain-swapped chimeras of βarrs display robust complementation in functional assays, thereby linking the structural differences between receptor-bound βarr1 and 2 with their divergent functional outcomes. Our findings reveal important insights into the ability of βarr isoforms to drive distinct functional outcomes and underscore the importance of integrating this aspect in the current framework of biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Hemlata Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Punita Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Tomek Stepniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hee Ryung Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Lee
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Madhu Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Debarati Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shubhi Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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Min K, Yoon HJ, Park JY, Baidya M, Dwivedi-Agnihotri H, Maharana J, Chaturvedi M, Chung KY, Shukla AK, Lee HH. Crystal Structure of β-Arrestin 2 in Complex with CXCR7 Phosphopeptide. Structure 2020; 28:1014-1023.e4. [PMID: 32579945 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Arrestins (βarrs) critically regulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and trafficking. βarrs have two isoforms, βarr1 and βarr2. Receptor phosphorylation is a key determinant for the binding of βarrs, and understanding the intricate details of receptor-βarr interaction is the next frontier in GPCR structural biology. The high-resolution structure of active βarr1 in complex with a phosphopeptide derived from GPCR has been revealed, but that of βarr2 remains elusive. Here, we present a 2.3-Å crystal structure of βarr2 in complex with a phosphopeptide (C7pp) derived from the carboxyl terminus of CXCR7. The structural analysis of C7pp-bound βarr2 reveals key differences from the previously determined active conformation of βarr1. One of the key differences is that C7pp-bound βarr2 shows a relatively small inter-domain rotation. Antibody-fragment-based conformational sensor and hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments further corroborated the structural features of βarr2 and suggested that βarr2 adopts a range of inter-domain rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Min
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | | - Jagannath Maharana
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Madhu Chaturvedi
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Miranda CJ, Fernandez N, Kamel N, Turner D, Benzenhafer D, Bolch SN, Andring JT, McKenna R, Smith WC. An arrestin-1 surface opposite of its interface with photoactivated rhodopsin engages with enolase-1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6498-6508. [PMID: 32238431 PMCID: PMC7212649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestin-1 is the arrestin family member responsible for inactivation of the G protein–coupled receptor rhodopsin in photoreceptors. Arrestin-1 is also well-known to interact with additional protein partners and to affect other signaling cascades beyond phototransduction. In this study, we investigated one of these alternative arrestin-1 binding partners, the glycolysis enzyme enolase-1, to map the molecular contact sites between these two proteins and investigate how the binding of arrestin-1 affects the catalytic activity of enolase-1. Using fluorescence quench protection of strategically placed fluorophores on the arrestin-1 surface, we observed that arrestin-1 primarily engages enolase-1 along a surface that is opposite of the side of arrestin-1 that binds photoactivated rhodopsin. Using this information, we developed a molecular model of the arrestin-1–enolase-1 complex, which was validated by targeted substitutions of charge-pair interactions. Finally, we identified the likely source of arrestin's modulation of enolase-1 catalysis, showing that selective substitution of two amino acids in arrestin-1 can completely remove its effect on enolase-1 activity while still remaining bound to enolase-1. These findings open up opportunities for examining the functional effects of arrestin-1 on enolase-1 activity in photoreceptors and their surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Fernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Nader Kamel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Daniel Turner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Del Benzenhafer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Susan N Bolch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jacob T Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - W Clay Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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50
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Bouley RA, Weinberg ZY, Waldschmidt HV, Yen YC, Larsen SD, Puthenveedu MA, Tesmer JJG. A New Paroxetine-Based GRK2 Inhibitor Reduces Internalization of the μ-Opioid Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 97:392-401. [PMID: 32234810 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) play a key role in terminating signals initiated by agonist-bound GPCRs. However, chronic stimulation of GPCRs, such as that which occurs during heart failure, leads to the overexpression of GRKs and maladaptive downregulation of GPCRs on the cell surface. We previously reported the discovery of potent and selective families of GRK inhibitors based on either the paroxetine or GSK180736A scaffold. A new inhibitor, CCG258747, which is based on paroxetine, demonstrates increased potency against the GRK2 subfamily and favorable pharmacokinetic parameters in mice. CCG258747 and the closely related compound CCG258208 also showed high selectivity for the GRK2 subfamily in a kinome panel of 104 kinases. We developed a cell-based assay to screen the ability of CCG258747 and 10 other inhibitors with different GRK subfamily selectivities and with either the paroxetine or GSK180736A scaffold to block internalization of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). CCG258747 showed the best efficacy in blocking MOR internalization among the compounds tested. Furthermore, we show that compounds based on paroxetine had much better cell permeability than those based on GSK180736A, which explains why GSK180736A-based inhibitors, although being potent in vitro, do not always show efficacy in cell-based assays. This study validates the paroxetine scaffold as the most effective for GRK inhibition in living cells, confirming that GRK2 predominantly drives internalization of MOR in the cell lines we tested and underscores the utility of high-resolution cell-based assays for assessment of compound efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are attractive targets for developing therapeutics for heart failure. We have synthesized a new GRK2 subfamily-selective inhibitor, CCG258747, which has nanomolar potency against GRK2 and excellent selectivity over other kinases. A live-cell receptor internalization assay was used to test the ability of GRK2 inhibitors to impart efficacy on a GRK-dependent process in cells. Our data indicate that CCG258747 blocked the internalization of the μ-opioid receptor most efficaciously because it has the ability to cross cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee A Bouley
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zara Y Weinberg
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Helen V Waldschmidt
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yu-Chen Yen
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Life Sciences Institute (R.A.B., H.V.W.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (H.V.W., S.D.L.) and Pharmacology (R.A.B., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (H.V.W., S.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Y.-C.Y., J.J.G.T.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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