1
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Pebriana RB, Simsek S, Heijink M, Giera M. Rapid Analysis of Sterols in Blood-Derived Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2855:291-302. [PMID: 39354314 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4116-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulations of cholesterol biosynthesis are known to be associated with several pathologies. Due to the rapid growth of clinical investigations in this research area, a specific, fast, and valid method for analyzing cholesterol, its precursors, and metabolites is required. Here, we describe a rapid method for sample preparation, separation, and quantification of sterols in blood-derived samples using polymeric solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The validated method demonstrates a reliable quantification of cholesterol, its precursors, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Budhi Pebriana
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Selma Simsek
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Heijink
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Pebriana RB, Sánchez-López E, Giera M. (Pre)Clinical Metabolomics Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2855:3-19. [PMID: 39354298 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4116-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the scientific field with the eager goal to comprehensively analyze the entirety of all small molecules of a biological system, i.e., the metabolome. Over the last few years, metabolomics has matured to become an analytical cornerstone of life science research across diverse fields, from fundamental biochemical applications to preclinical studies, including biomarker discovery and drug development. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to (pre)clinical metabolomics. We define key metabolomics aspects and provide the basis to thoroughly understand the relevance of this field in a biological and clinical context. We present and explain state-of-the-art analytical technologies devoted to metabolomic analysis as well as emerging technologies, discussing both strengths and weaknesses. Given the ever-increasing demand for handling complex datasets, the role of bioinformatics approaches in the context of metabolomic analysis is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Budhi Pebriana
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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3
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Kloosterman DJ, Erbani J, Boon M, Farber M, Handgraaf SM, Ando-Kuri M, Sánchez-López E, Fontein B, Mertz M, Nieuwland M, Liu NQ, Forn-Cuni G, van der Wel NN, Grootemaat AE, Reinalda L, van Kasteren SI, de Wit E, Ruffell B, Snaar-Jagalska E, Petrecca K, Brandsma D, Kros A, Giera M, Akkari L. Macrophage-mediated myelin recycling fuels brain cancer malignancy. Cell 2024; 187:5336-5356.e30. [PMID: 39137777 PMCID: PMC11429458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Tumors growing in metabolically challenged environments, such as glioblastoma in the brain, are particularly reliant on crosstalk with their tumor microenvironment (TME) to satisfy their high energetic needs. To study the intricacies of this metabolic interplay, we interrogated the heterogeneity of the glioblastoma TME using single-cell and multi-omics analyses and identified metabolically rewired tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations with pro-tumorigenic properties. These TAM subsets, termed lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs) to reflect their cholesterol accumulation, are epigenetically rewired, display immunosuppressive features, and are enriched in the aggressive mesenchymal glioblastoma subtype. Engulfment of cholesterol-rich myelin debris endows subsets of TAMs to acquire an LLM phenotype. Subsequently, LLMs directly transfer myelin-derived lipids to cancer cells in an LXR/Abca1-dependent manner, thereby fueling the heightened metabolic demands of mesenchymal glioblastoma. Our work provides an in-depth understanding of the immune-metabolic interplay during glioblastoma progression, thereby laying a framework to unveil targetable metabolic vulnerabilities in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Erbani
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Boon
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Farber
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanna M Handgraaf
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Masami Ando-Kuri
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Fontein
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Mertz
- Bioimaging Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja Nieuwland
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ning Qing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Forn-Cuni
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Reinalda
- The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Kevin Petrecca
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dieta Brandsma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Li Y, Li Z, Ran Q, Wang P. Sterols in ferroptosis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00221-1. [PMID: 39256109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a novel cell death mode driven by iron-dependent phospholipid (PL) peroxidation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatments of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). PL peroxidation, the key process of ferroptosis, requires polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing PLs (PL-PUFAs) as substrates, undergoing a chain reaction with iron and oxygen. Cells prevent ferroptosis by maintaining a homeostatic equilibrium among substrates, processes, and detoxification of PL peroxidation. Sterols, lipids abundant in cell membranes, directly participate in PL peroxidation and influence ferroptosis sensitivity. Sterol metabolism also plays a key role in ferroptosis, and targeting sterols presents significant potential for treating numerous ferroptosis-associated disorders. This review elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis, emphasizing how sterols modulate this process and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zan Li
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao Ran
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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5
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Ge X, Slütter B, Lambooij JM, Zhou E, Ying Z, Agirman C, Heijink M, Rimbert A, Guigas B, Kuiper J, Müller C, Bracher F, Giera M, Kooijman S, Rensen PC, Wang Y, Schönke M. DHCR24 inhibitor SH42 increases desmosterol without preventing atherosclerosis development in mice. iScience 2024; 27:109830. [PMID: 38770137 PMCID: PMC11103367 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver X receptor (LXR) is considered a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment, but synthetic LXR agonists generally also cause hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Desmosterol, a final intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis, has been identified as a selective LXR ligand that suppresses inflammation without inducing lipogenesis. Δ24-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) converts desmosterol into cholesterol, and we previously showed that the DHCR24 inhibitor SH42 increases desmosterol to activate LXR and attenuate experimental peritonitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of SH42 on atherosclerosis development in APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor knockout mice, models for lipid- and inflammation-driven atherosclerosis, respectively. In both models, SH42 increased desmosterol without affecting plasma lipids. While reducing liver lipids in APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice, and regulating populations of circulating monocytes in LDL receptor knockout mice, SH42 did not attenuate atherosclerosis in either model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ceren Agirman
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Heijink
- The Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Div. of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Med-X institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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6
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Zhang T, Xie L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Guo X, Liu R, Jin Q, Chang M, Wang X. 4,4-Dimethylsterols Reduces Fat Accumulation via Inhibiting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase In Vitro and In Vivo. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0377. [PMID: 38812531 PMCID: PMC11134202 DOI: 10.34133/research.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethylsterols constitute a unique class of phytosterols responsible for regulating endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) functions. However, precise mechanism through which 4,4-dimethylsterols affect fat metabolism and the linkage to the ECS remain unresolved. In this study, we identified that 4,4-dimethylsterols, distinct from 4-demethseterols, act as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAHs) both in vivo and in vitro. Genetic ablation of FAAHs (faah-1) abolishes the effects of 4,4-dimethylsterols on fat accumulation and locomotion behavior in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. We confirmed that dietary intervention with 4,4-dimethylsterols in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model leads to a significant reduction in body weight (>11.28%) with improved lipid profiles in the liver and adipose tissues and increased fecal triacylglycerol excretion. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics further verified that 4,4-dimethylsterols influence unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and elevate oleoyl ethanolamine levels in the intestine. We propose a potential molecular mechanism in which 4,4-dimethylsterols engage in binding interactions with the catalytic pocket (Ser241) of FAAH-1 protein due to the shielded polarity, arising from the presence of 2 additional methyl groups (CH3). Consequently, 4,4-dimethylsterols represent an unexplored class of beneficial phytosterols that coordinate with FAAH-1 activity to reduce fat accumulation, which offers new insight into intervention strategies for treating diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangliang Xie
- School of Biological and Food Engineering,
Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Food Science,
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Chang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Li Y, Ran Q, Duan Q, Jin J, Wang Y, Yu L, Wang C, Zhu Z, Chen X, Weng L, Li Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang H, Tian H, Song S, Shan Z, Zhai Q, Qin H, Chen S, Fang L, Yin H, Zhou H, Jiang X, Wang P. 7-Dehydrocholesterol dictates ferroptosis sensitivity. Nature 2024; 626:411-418. [PMID: 38297130 PMCID: PMC11298758 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has been implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer1-3, degenerative disorders4 and organ ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)5,6. Here, using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified that the enzymes involved in distal cholesterol biosynthesis have pivotal yet opposing roles in regulating ferroptosis through dictating the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC)-an intermediate metabolite of distal cholesterol biosynthesis that is synthesized by sterol C5-desaturase (SC5D) and metabolized by 7-DHC reductase (DHCR7) for cholesterol synthesis. We found that the pathway components, including MSMO1, CYP51A1, EBP and SC5D, function as potential suppressors of ferroptosis, whereas DHCR7 functions as a pro-ferroptotic gene. Mechanistically, 7-DHC dictates ferroptosis surveillance by using the conjugated diene to exert its anti-phospholipid autoxidation function and shields plasma and mitochondria membranes from phospholipid autoxidation. Importantly, blocking the biosynthesis of endogenous 7-DHC by pharmacological targeting of EBP induces ferroptosis and inhibits tumour growth, whereas increasing the 7-DHC level by inhibiting DHCR7 effectively promotes cancer metastasis and attenuates the progression of kidney IRI, supporting a critical function of this axis in vivo. In conclusion, our data reveal a role of 7-DHC as a natural anti-ferroptotic metabolite and suggest that pharmacological manipulation of 7-DHC levels is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer and IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Ran
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhui Duan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyun Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Weng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Tian
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihui Song
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Lotfy WA, Badawy HM, Ghanem KM, El-Aassar SA. Improved production of Bacillus subtilis cholesterol oxidase by optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:141. [PMID: 37999804 PMCID: PMC10673797 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol oxidase has numerous biomedical and industrial applications. In the current study, a new bacterial strain was isolated from sewage and was selected for its high potency for cholesterol degradation (%) and production of high cholesterol oxidase activity (U/OD600). RESULTS Based on the sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The fermentation conditions affecting cholesterol degradation (%) and the activity of cholesterol oxidase (U/OD600) of B. subtilis were optimized through fractional factorial design (FFD) and response surface methodology (RSM). According to this sequential optimization approach, 80.152% cholesterol degradation was achieved by setting the concentrations of cholesterol, inoculum size, and magnesium sulphate at 0.05 g/l, 6%, and 0.05 g/l, respectively. Moreover, 85.461 U of cholesterol oxidase/OD600 were attained by adjusting the fermentation conditions at initial pH, 6; volume of the fermentation medium, 15 ml/flask; and concentration of cholesterol, 0.05 g/l. The optimization process improved cholesterol degradation (%) and the activity of cholesterol oxidase (U/OD600) by 139% and 154%, respectively. No cholesterol was detected in the spectroscopic analysis of the optimized fermented medium via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). CONCLUSION The current study provides principal information for the development of efficient production of cholesterol oxidase by B. subtilis that could be used in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Lotfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hala M Badawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samy A El-Aassar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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9
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Zhou E, Ge X, Nakashima H, Li R, van der Zande HJP, Liu C, Li Z, Müller C, Bracher F, Mohammed Y, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Guigas B, Glass CK, Rensen PCN, Giera M, Wang Y. Inhibition of DHCR24 activates LXRα to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16845. [PMID: 37357756 PMCID: PMC10405065 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has theoretical potential for treating NAFLD/NASH, but synthetic agonists induce hyperlipidemia in preclinical models. Desmosterol, which is converted by Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) into cholesterol, is a potent endogenous LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of DHCR24 inhibition on NAFLD/NASH development. Here, by using APOE*3-Leiden. CETP mice, a well-established translational model that develops diet-induced human-like NAFLD/NASH characteristics, we report that SH42, a published DHCR24 inhibitor, markedly increases desmosterol levels in liver and plasma, reduces hepatic lipid content and the steatosis score, and decreases plasma fatty acid and cholesteryl ester concentrations. Flow cytometry showed that SH42 decreases liver inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell activation and monocyte infiltration. LXRα deficiency completely abolishes these beneficial effects of SH42. Together, the inhibition of DHCR24 by SH42 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a strictly LXRα-dependent manner without causing hyperlipidemia. Finally, we also showed that SH42 treatment decreased liver collagen content and plasma alanine transaminase levels in an established NAFLD model. In conclusion, we anticipate that pharmacological DHCR24 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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10
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Lipidomics analysis in drug discovery and development. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102256. [PMID: 36586190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a relatively new addition to the Omics' landscape, lipidomics is increasingly being recognized as an important tool for the identification of druggable targets and biochemical markers. In this review we present recent advances of lipid analysis in drug discovery and development. We cover current state of the art technologies which are constantly evolving to meet demands in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. A careful selection of important examples is then provided, illustrating the versatility of lipidomics analysis in the drug discovery and development process. Integration of lipidomics with other omics', stem-cell technologies, and metabolic flux analysis will open new avenues for deciphering pathophysiological mechanisms and the discovery of novel targets and biomarkers.
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11
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Korade Z, Tallman KA, Kim HYH, Balog M, Genaro-Mattos TC, Pattnaik A, Mirnics K, Pattnaik AK, Porter NA. Dose-Response Effects of 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Inhibitors on Sterol Profiles and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1086-1096. [PMID: 36407960 PMCID: PMC9667548 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is ubiquitous in cells; it plays a critical role in membrane structure and transport as well as in intracellular trafficking processes. There are suggestions that cholesterol metabolism is linked to innate immunity with inhibitors of DHCR7, the last enzyme in the cholesterol pathway, suggested to have potential as viral therapeutics nearly a decade ago. In fact, there are a number of highly prescribed pharmaceuticals that are off-target inhibitors of DHCR7, causing increased cellular levels of 7-dehydrodesmosterol (7-DHD) and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). We report here dose-response studies of six such inhibitors on late-stage cholesterol biosynthesis in Neuro2a cells as well as their effect on infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Four of the test compounds are FDA-approved drugs (cariprazine, trazodone, metoprolol, and tamoxifen), one (ifenprodil) has been the object of a recent Phase 2b COVID trial, and one (AY9944) is an experimental compound that has seen extensive use as a DHCR7 inhibitor. The three FDA-approved drugs inhibit replication of a GFP-tagged VSV with efficacies that mirror their effect on DHCR7. Ifenprodil and AY9944 have complex inhibitory profiles, acting on both DHCR7 and DHCR14, while tamoxifen does not inhibit DHCR7 and is toxic to Neuro2a at concentrations where it inhibits the Δ7-Δ8 isomerase of the cholesterol pathway. VSV itself affects the sterol profile in Neuro2a cells, showing a dose-response increase of dehydrolathosterol and lathosterol, the substrates for DHCR7, with a corresponding decrease in desmosterol and cholesterol. 7-DHD and 7-DHC are orders of magnitude more vulnerable to free radical chain oxidation than other sterols as well as polyunsaturated fatty esters, and the effect of these sterols on viral infection is likely a reflection of this fact of Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Korade
- Department
of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Keri A. Tallman
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Hye-Young H. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Marta Balog
- Munroe-Meyer
Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
- Department
of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe-Meyer
Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- Nebraska
Center for Virology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, United States
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer
Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- Nebraska
Center for Virology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, United States
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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12
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Kuwabara N, Ohta-Shimizu M, Fuwa F, Tomitsuka E, Sato S, Nakagawa S. Ergosterol increases 7-dehydrocholesterol, a cholesterol precursor, and decreases cholesterol in human HepG2 cells. Lipids 2022; 57:303-311. [PMID: 36098332 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment approaches for hyperlipidemia rely mainly on reducing the cholesterol level by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), which is involved in the presqualene pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Finding a compound that instead targets the postsqualene pathway could aid in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and synergistically reduce the cholesterol level when used in conjunction with HMGCR inhibitors. Ergosterol is a fungal sterol that is converted to brassicasterol by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). DHCR7 is also a cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, and thus ergosterol may cause the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3 , by a competitive effect. In this study, we examined the effect of ergosterol on the postsqualene pathway by quantifying cholesterol precursors and related sterols using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by conducting quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis for human HepG2 hepatoma cells. We found that ergosterol is converted into brassicasterol by the action of DHCR7 from HepG2 cells and that it induced the accumulation of cholesterol precursors (lathosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and desmosterol) and decreased the cholesterol level by altering the mRNA and protein levels of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes (increase of sterol 8,7-isomerase [EBP] and decrease of DHCR7 and 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase [DHCR24]). These results demonstrate that ergosterol inhibits the postsqualene pathway and may be useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kuwabara
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Miho Ohta-Shimizu
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiko Fuwa
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eriko Tomitsuka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Functional and Analytical Food Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saori Nakagawa
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Caprariello AV, Adams DJ. The landscape of targets and lead molecules for remyelination. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:925-933. [PMID: 35995862 PMCID: PMC9773298 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination, or the restoration of myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system, is a multi-stage repair process that remains a major need for millions of patients with multiple sclerosis and other diseases of myelin. Even into adulthood, rodents and humans can generate new myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, leading to the therapeutic hypothesis that enhancing remyelination could lessen disease burden in multiple sclerosis. Multiple labs have used phenotypic screening to identify dozens of drugs that enhance oligodendrocyte formation, and several hit molecules have now advanced to clinical evaluation. Target identification studies have revealed that a large majority of these hits share the ability to inhibit a narrow range of cholesterol pathway enzymes and thereby induce cellular accumulation of specific sterol precursors to cholesterol. This Perspective surveys the recent fruitful intersection of chemical biology and remyelination and suggests multiple approaches toward new targets and lead molecules to promote remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia. Cell 2022; 185:2213-2233.e25. [PMID: 35750033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The impact of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), on human brain cellular function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of APOE4 on brain cell types derived from population and isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells, post-mortem brain, and APOE targeted replacement mice. Population and isogenic models demonstrate that APOE4 local haplotype, rather than a single risk allele, contributes to risk. Global transcriptomic analyses reveal human-specific, APOE4-driven lipid metabolic dysregulation in astrocytes and microglia. APOE4 enhances de novo cholesterol synthesis despite elevated intracellular cholesterol due to lysosomal cholesterol sequestration in astrocytes. Further, matrisome dysregulation is associated with upregulated chemotaxis, glial activation, and lipid biosynthesis in astrocytes co-cultured with neurons, which recapitulates altered astrocyte matrisome signaling in human brain. Thus, APOE4 initiates glia-specific cell and non-cell autonomous dysregulation that may contribute to increased AD risk.
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15
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Zhao M, Liu X, Hou Y, Yang T, Xu J, Su R. Combination of Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry to Study Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Its Modulation by Compound K in Breast Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5122-5131. [PMID: 35306816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The levels of l-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the amount of the nitric oxide (NO) production have recently been linked to breast cancer and pharmaceutical effect evaluation. Herein, a method combining electrochemistry and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was established and used to study NO metabolism and its modulation by ginsenoside compound K (CK) in breast cancer cells. Platinum nanoparticles-decorated fluorine tin oxide was employed as an electrochemical sensor for in situ detection of NO release, while HRMS was used for the analysis of the NO-related metabolites. Through the combination of the electrochemical and HRMS results, decreases in arginine and NO and increases in ADMA and ornithine were observed after modulation by CK, and two highly correlated metabolic pathways including arginine and proline metabolism and vascular smooth muscle contraction were found. This method offers a new strategy for fast evaluation of pharmaceutical efficacy based on NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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16
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Alarcon-Barrera JC, Kostidis S, Ondo-Mendez A, Giera M. Recent advances in metabolomics analysis for early drug development. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1763-1773. [PMID: 35218927 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry adapted proteomics and other 'omics technologies for drug research early following their initial introduction. Although metabolomics lacked behind in this development, it has now become an accepted and widely applied approach in early drug development. Over the past few decades, metabolomics has evolved from a pure exploratory tool to a more mature and quantitative biochemical technology. Several metabolomics-based platforms are now applied during the early phases of drug discovery. Metabolomics analysis assists in the definition of the physiological response and target engagement (TE) markers as well as elucidation of the mode of action (MoA) of drug candidates under investigation. In this review, we highlight recent examples and novel developments of metabolomics analyses applied during early drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Alarcon-Barrera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Clinical Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Ondo-Mendez
- Clinical Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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17
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Lavergne RA, Albassier M, Hardouin JB, Alvarez-Moreno C, Pagniez F, Morio F, Le Pape P, Ourliac-Garnier I. Impact of TR 34/L98H, TR 46/Y121F/T289A and TR 53 Alterations in Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus on Sterol Composition and Modifications after In Vitro Exposure to Itraconazole and Voriconazole. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010104. [PMID: 35056552 PMCID: PMC8778474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterols are the main components of fungal membranes. Inhibiting their biosynthesis is the mode of action of azole antifungal drugs that are widely used to treat fungal disease including aspergillosis. Azole resistance has emerged as a matter of concern but little is known about sterols biosynthesis in azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. METHODS We explored the sterol composition of 12 A. fumigatus isolates, including nine azole resistant isolates with TR34/L98H, TR46/Y121F/T289A or TR53 alterations in the cyp51A gene and its promoter conferring azole resistance. Modifications in sterol composition were also investigated after exposure to two azole drugs, itraconazole and voriconazole. RESULTS Overall, under basal conditions, sterol compositions were qualitatively equivalent, whatever the alterations in the target of azole drugs with ergosterol as the main sterol detected. Azole exposure reduced ergosterol composition and the qualitative composition of sterols was similar in both susceptible and resistant isolates. Interestingly TR53 strains behaved differently than other strains. CONCLUSIONS Elucidating sterol composition in azole-susceptible and resistant isolates is of interest for a better understanding of the mechanism of action of these drugs and the mechanism of resistance of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Anne Lavergne
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France; (R.-A.L.); (F.M.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Marjorie Albassier
- Nantes Université, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Jean-Benoît Hardouin
- Nantes Université, Univ Tours, INSERM, Methods in Patients-Centered Outcomes and Health Research, SPHERE, UMR 1246, F-44000 Nantes, France;
- Service de Santé Publique et Plateforme de Méthodologie et Biostatistique, CHU de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Carlos Alvarez-Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111176, Colombia;
- Clínica Colsanitas Groupo Keralty, Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Bogotá 111176, Colombia
| | - Fabrice Pagniez
- Nantes Université, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France; (R.-A.L.); (F.M.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France; (R.-A.L.); (F.M.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Isabelle Ourliac-Garnier
- Nantes Université, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.A.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationships of 4-Aminopiperidines as Novel Antifungal Agents Targeting Ergosterol Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237208. [PMID: 34885791 PMCID: PMC8658910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aliphatic heterocycles piperidine and morpholine are core structures of well-known antifungals such as fenpropidin and fenpropimorph, commonly used as agrofungicides, and the related morpholine amorolfine is approved for the treatment of dermal mycoses in humans. Inspired by these lead structures, we describe here the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-aminopiperidines as a novel chemotype of antifungals with remarkable antifungal activity. A library of more than 30 4-aminopiperidines was synthesized, starting from N-substituted 4-piperidone derivatives by reductive amination with appropriate amines using sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Antifungal activity was determined on the model strain Yarrowia lipolytica, and some compounds showed interesting growth-inhibiting activity. These compounds were tested on 20 clinically relevant fungal isolates (Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Mucormycetes) by standardized microbroth dilution assays. Two of the six compounds, 1-benzyl-N-dodecylpiperidin-4-amine and N-dodecyl-1-phenethylpiperidin-4-amine, were identified as promising candidates for further development based on their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Antifungal activity was determined for 18 Aspergillus spp. and 19 Candida spp., and their impact on ergosterol and cholesterol biosynthesis was determined. Toxicity was determined on HL-60, HUVEC, and MCF10A cells, and in the alternative in vivo model Galleria mellonella. Analysis of sterol patterns after incubation gave valuable insights into the putative molecular mechanism of action, indicating inhibition of the enzymes sterol C14-reductase and sterol C8-isomerase in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.
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19
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Xue J, Derks RJ, Webb W, Billings EM, Aisporna A, Giera M, Siuzdak G. Single Quadrupole Multiple Fragment Ion Monitoring Quantitative Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10879-10889. [PMID: 34313111 PMCID: PMC8762722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) with enhanced in-source multiple fragment ion monitoring was designed to perform high sensitivity quantitative mass analyses. Enhanced in-source fragmentation amplifies fragmentation from traditional soft electrospray ionization producing fragment ions that have been found to be identical to those generated in tandem MS. We have combined enhanced in-source fragmentation data with criteria established by the European Union Commission Directive 2002/657/EC for electron ionization single quadrupole quantitative analysis to perform quantitative analyses. These experiments were performed on multiple types of complex samples that included a mixture of 50 standards, as well as cell and plasma extracts. The dynamic range for these quantitative analyses was comparable to triple quadrupole multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analyses at up to 5 orders of magnitude with the cell and plasma extracts showing similar matrix effects across both platforms. Amino acid and fatty acid measurements performed from certified NIST 1950 plasma with isotopically labeled standards demonstrated accuracy in the range of 91-110% for the amino acids, 76-129% for the fatty acids, and good precision (coefficient of variation <10%). To enhance specificity, a newly developed correlated ion monitoring algorithm was designed to facilitate these analyses. This algorithm autonomously processes, aligns, filters, and compiles multiple ions within one chromatogram enabling both precursor and in-source fragment ions to be correlated within a single chromatogram, also enabling the detection of coeluting species based on precursor and fragment ion ratios. Single quadrupole instrumentation can provide MRM level quantitative performance by monitoring/correlating precursor and fragment ions facilitating high sensitivity analysis on existing single quadrupole instrumentation that are generally inexpensive, easy to operate, and technically less complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rico J.E. Derks
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - William Webb
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Billings
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Aries Aisporna
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular, and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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20
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Li T, Yin Y, Zhou Z, Qiu J, Liu W, Zhang X, He K, Cai Y, Zhu ZJ. Ion mobility-based sterolomics reveals spatially and temporally distinctive sterol lipids in the mouse brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4343. [PMID: 34267224 PMCID: PMC8282640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sterol lipid metabolism is associated with physiological dysfunctions in the aging brain and aging-dependent disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases. There is an unmet demand to comprehensively profile sterol lipids spatially and temporally in different brain regions during aging. Here, we develop an ion mobility-mass spectrometry based four-dimensional sterolomics technology leveraged by a machine learning-empowered high-coverage library (>2000 sterol lipids) for accurate identification. We apply this four-dimensional technology to profile the spatially resolved landscapes of sterol lipids in ten functional regions of the mouse brain, and quantitatively uncover ~200 sterol lipids uniquely distributed in specific regions with concentrations spanning up to 8 orders of magnitude. Further spatial analysis pinpoints age-associated differences in region-specific sterol lipid metabolism, revealing changes in the numbers of altered sterol lipids, concentration variations, and age-dependent coregulation networks. These findings will contribute to our understanding of abnormal sterol lipid metabolism and its role in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Junker J, Kamp F, Winkler E, Steiner H, Bracher F, Müller C. Effective sample preparation procedure for the analysis of free neutral steroids, free steroid acids and sterol sulfates in different tissues by GC-MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 211:105880. [PMID: 33757894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroids play an important role in cell regulation and homeostasis. Many diseases like Alzheimer's disease or Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are known to be associated with deviations in the steroid profile. Most published methods only allow the analysis of small subgroups of steroids and cannot give an overview of the total steroid profile. We developed and validated a method that allows the analysis of free neutral steroids, including intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis, free oxysterols, C19 and C21 steroids, free steroid acids, including bile acids, and sterol sulfates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were analyzed in scan mode for screening purposes and in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode for highly sensitive quantitative analysis. The method was validated for mouse brain and liver tissue and consists of sample homogenization, lipid extraction, steroid group separation, deconjugation, derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We applied the method on brain and liver samples of mice (10 months and 3 weeks old) and cultured N2a cells and report the endogenous concentrations of 29 physiological steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Junker
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Frits Kamp
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Edith Winkler
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University-Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Ohta-Shimizu M, Fuwa F, Tomitsuka E, Nishiwaki T, Aihara K, Sato S, Nakagawa S. New Inhibitory Effect of Latilactobacillus sakei UONUMA on the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway in Human HepG2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:485-493. [PMID: 33790100 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceuticals and dietary foods have been reported to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, mainly by inhibiting the presqualene enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase rather than a postsqualene enzyme. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of Latilactobacillus sakei UONUMA on cholesterol biosynthesis, especially postsqualene, in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. We quantified cholesterol and its precursors, and the mRNA and protein levels of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Three L. sakei UONUMA strains exhibited new inhibitory effects on cholesterol biosynthesis and inhibited the mRNA level of sterol-delta24-reductase (DHCR24), which is involved in the postsqualene cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. These strains will be useful for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ohta-Shimizu
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Fumiko Fuwa
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Eriko Tomitsuka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences
| | | | - Kotaro Aihara
- Niigata Agricultural Research Institute Food Research Center
| | - Shinji Sato
- Functional and Analytical Food Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Saori Nakagawa
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
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23
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A rapid GC method coupled with quadrupole or time of flight mass spectrometry for metabolomics analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1160:122355. [PMID: 32920480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an ideal tool for analyzing the intermediates of tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis, sugars, organic acids and amino acids, etc. High-throughput metabolomics methods are required by large-scale clinical researches, and time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) having fast scanning rate is preferable for rapid GC. Quadrupole MS (qMS) instruments have 95% market share, and their potential in rapid metabolomics is worth being studied. In this work, a within 15-min GC program was established and matched by qMS scanning for plasma metabolome analysis after N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide derivatization. Compared to the longer-time program GC-qMS method, the rapid GC-qMS method had nearly no metabolome information loss, and it had excellent profile performance in repeatability, intra-day and inter-day precision, sampling range, linearity and extraction recovery. Compared to TOF MS, qMS achieved similar results in investigating lung cancer serum metabolic disruptions. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed that the two datasets acquired by qMS and TOF MS had very similar model parameters, and most of top ranked differential metabolites were the same. This study provides a rapid and economical GC-qMS metabolomics method for researchers. Still, MS having faster scanning rate and higher sensitivity are recommended, if possible, to detect more small peaks and some co-eluted peaks.
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24
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Qiu J, Li T, Zhu ZJ. Multi-dimensional characterization and identification of sterols in untargeted LC-MS analysis using all ion fragmentation technology. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1142:108-117. [PMID: 33280688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sterols are an important type of lipids, and play many important roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, comprehensive analysis of sterols especially identification of unknown sterols is challenging. In this work, LC-MS with all ion fragmentation (AIF) technology was developed for untargeted analysis of sterols in biological samples. AIF technology provided holistic and multi-dimensional characterization for both knowns and unknowns sterols, including accurate m/z, isotope pattern, retention time (RT), and co-eluted peak profiles between MS1 and MS2 ions in one analysis. We further developed an analysis strategy by integrating the multi-dimensional properties to support unambiguous identification of sterols, including distinguishing sterol isomers. The developed strategy enabled to identify a total of 23 sterols in mouse samples, and quantified 19 sterols in mouse liver tissues. More importantly, we demonstrated that AIF based multi-dimensional analysis provided a possibility to identify sterols without chemical standards and facilitated to discover novel compounds with sterol-like structures in biological samples. In summary, we employed the LC-MS based AIF technology to develop multi-dimensional characterization and identification of both known and unknown sterols in complex biological samples. The comprehensive analysis of sterols facilitates to provide molecular insights to many physiological and pathological activities in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tongzhou Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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25
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Domenick TM, Gill EL, Vedam-Mai V, Yost RA. Mass Spectrometry-Based Cellular Metabolomics: Current Approaches, Applications, and Future Directions. Anal Chem 2020; 93:546-566. [PMID: 33146525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Domenick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Emily L Gill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, United States
| | - Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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26
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Heerdegen D, Reuter D, Kornmayer MM, Kriegler KN, Müller C, Mayer P, Bracher F. Synthesis of
Seco
‐Analogues of the DHCR24 Inhibitor SH‐42. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Heerdegen
- Department of Pharmacy ‐ Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Doreen Reuter
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Moritz M. Kornmayer
- Department of Pharmacy ‐ Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katharina N. Kriegler
- Department of Pharmacy ‐ Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy ‐ Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy ‐ Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
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27
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Inhibition of Phytosterol Biosynthesis by Azasterols. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051111. [PMID: 32131509 PMCID: PMC7179204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of enzymes in essential cellular pathways are potent probes to decipher intricate physiological functions of biomolecules. The analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana sterol profiles upon treatment with a series of azasterols reveals a specific in vivo inhibition of SMT2, a plant sterol-C-methyltransferase acting as a branch point between the campesterol and sitosterol biosynthetic segments in the pathway. Side chain azasteroids that modify sitosterol homeostasis help to refine its particular function in plant development.
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28
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Schepmann D, Neue C, Westphälinger S, Müller C, Bracher F, Lange C, Bednarski P, Almansa C, Friedland K, Räbiger V, Düfer M, Wünsch B. Pharmacological characterization of high-affinity σ 1 receptor ligands with spirocyclic thienopyran and thienofuran scaffold. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:236-248. [PMID: 31743446 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the pharmacological properties of six spirocyclic piperidines 1-6 showing very high σ1 receptor affinity (Ki = 0.2-16 nm) were investigated. METHODS In vitro receptor binding studies, retinal ganglion assay and in vivo capsaicin assay were used to determine the affinity, selectivity and activity. Influence on human tumour cell growth (cell lines A427, LCLC-103H, 5637 and DAN-G) was determined in different assays. The effect on the ergosterol and cholesterol biosynthesis was determined by GLC/MS analysis. KEY FINDINGS Receptor binding studies demonstrated high selectivity for the σ1 receptor. The increased Ca2+ influx mediated by 2 and the analgesic activity of 1, 4, 5 and 6 confirm σ1 receptor antagonistic activity. Inhibition of human tumour cell growth further supports the σ1 antagonistic effects. Treatment of A427 tumour cells with 2 led to cell detachment and cell degradation. Whereas the ergosterol biosynthesis was not affected, the sterol C14-reductase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis, was weakly inhibited. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high selectivity, off-target effects are not expected. The antiallodynic activity underlines the clinical potential of the spirocyclic piperidines for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Due to the antiproliferative activity, the spirocyclic σ1 antagonists represent promising antitumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Neue
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Westphälinger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Friedland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vivien Räbiger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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