1
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Wu T, Müller T, Wang N, Byron J, Langer S, Williams J, Licina D. Indoor Emission, Oxidation, and New Particle Formation of Personal Care Product Related Volatile Organic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024; 11:1053-1061. [PMID: 39399287 PMCID: PMC11465640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) contain diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and routine use of PCPs indoors has important implications for indoor air quality and human chemical exposures. This chamber study deployed aerosol instrumentation and two online mass spectrometers to quantify VOC emissions from the indoor use of five fragranced PCPs and examined the formation of gas-phase oxidation products and particles upon ozone-initiated oxidation of reactive VOCs. The tested PCPs include a perfume, a roll-on deodorant, a body spray, a hair spray, and a hand lotion. Indoor use of these PCPs emitted over 200 VOCs and resulted in indoor VOC mixing ratios of several parts per million. The VOC emission factors for the PCPs varied from 2 to 964 mg g-1. We identified strong emissions of terpenes and their derivatives, which are likely used as fragrant additives in the PCPs. When using the PCPs in the presence of indoor ozone, these reactive VOCs underwent oxidation reactions to form a variety of gas-phase oxidized vapors and led to rapid new particle formation (NPF) events with particle growth rates up to ten times higher than outdoor atmospheric NPF events. The resulting ultrafine particle concentrations reach ∼34000 to ∼200000 cm-3 during the NPF events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Wu
- Human-Oriented
Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Civil
and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Tatjana Müller
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nijing Wang
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joseph Byron
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarka Langer
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Environmental Chemistry, SE-400 14 Göteborg, Sweden
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Department of
Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Services
Engineering, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dusan Licina
- Human-Oriented
Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Rörup B, He XC, Shen J, Baalbaki R, Dada L, Sipilä M, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Bell DM, Caudillo-Plath L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Kürten A, Lamkaddam H, Lee CP, Makhmutov V, Manninen HE, Marie G, Marten R, Mentler B, Onnela A, Philippov M, Scholz CW, Simon M, Stolzenburg D, Tham YJ, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Wang M, Wang D, Wang Y, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Baltensperger U, Curtius J, Donahue NM, El Haddad I, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Möhler O, Petäjä T, Volkamer R, Worsnop D, Lehtipalo K. Temperature, humidity, and ionisation effect of iodine oxoacid nucleation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2024; 4:531-546. [PMID: 38764888 PMCID: PMC11097302 DOI: 10.1039/d4ea00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Iodine oxoacids are recognised for their significant contribution to the formation of new particles in marine and polar atmospheres. Nevertheless, to incorporate the iodine oxoacid nucleation mechanism into global simulations, it is essential to comprehend how this mechanism varies under various atmospheric conditions. In this study, we combined measurements from the CLOUD (Cosmic Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN and simulations with a kinetic model to investigate the impact of temperature, ionisation, and humidity on iodine oxoacid nucleation. Our findings reveal that ion-induced particle formation rates remain largely unaffected by changes in temperature. However, neutral particle formation rates experience a significant increase when the temperature drops from +10 °C to -10 °C. Running the kinetic model with varying ionisation rates demonstrates that the particle formation rate only increases with a higher ionisation rate when the iodic acid concentration exceeds 1.5 × 107 cm-3, a concentration rarely reached in pristine marine atmospheres. Consequently, our simulations suggest that, despite higher ionisation rates, the charged cluster nucleation pathway of iodic acid is unlikely to be enhanced in the upper troposphere by higher ionisation rates. Instead, the neutral nucleation channel is likely to be the dominant channel in that region. Notably, the iodine oxoacid nucleation mechanism remains unaffected by changes in relative humidity from 2% to 80%. However, under unrealistically dry conditions (below 0.008% RH at +10 °C), iodine oxides (I2O4 and I2O5) significantly enhance formation rates. Therefore, we conclude that iodine oxoacid nucleation is the dominant nucleation mechanism for iodine nucleation in the marine and polar boundary layer atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | | | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Lucía Caudillo-Plath
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder USA
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University Moscow Russia
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Antti Onnela
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | | | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien Vienna Austria
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai China
| | - António Tomé
- IDL-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Aerosol Physics, Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago Chicago USA
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder USA
| | - Douglas Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland
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3
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Chang Y, Feng YN, Cheng L, Hu J, Zhu L, Tan W, Zhong H, Zhang Y, Huang RJ, Sun Y. Trimethylamine from Subtropical Forests Rival Total Farmland Emissions in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5453-5460. [PMID: 38477969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Many types of living plants release gaseous trimethylamine (TMA), making it a potentially important contributor to new particle formation (NPF) in remote areas. However, a panoramic view of the importance of forest biogenic TMA at the regional scale is lacking. Here, we pioneered nationwide mobile measurements of TMA across a transect of contiguous farmland in eastern China and a transect of subtropical forests in southern China. In contrast to the farmland route, TMA concentrations measured during the subtropical forest route correlated significantly with isoprene, suggesting potential TMA emissions from leaves. Our high time-resolved concentrations obtained from a weak photo-oxidizing atmosphere reflected freshly emitted TMA, indicating the highest emission intensity from irrigated dryland (set as the baseline of 10), followed by paddy field (7.1), subtropical evergreen forests (5.9), and subtropical broadleaf and mixed forests (4.3). Extrapolating their proportions roughly to China, subtropical forests alone, which constitute half of the total forest area, account for nearly 70% of the TMA emissions from the nation's total farmland. Our estimates, despite the uncertainties, take the first step toward large-scale assessment of forest biogenic amines, highlighting the need for observational and modeling studies to consider this hitherto overlooked source of TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yu-Ning Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- TOFWERK China, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Wen Tan
- TOFWERK China, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Haobin Zhong
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Li D, Huang W, Wang D, Wang M, Thornton JA, Caudillo L, Rörup B, Marten R, Scholz W, Finkenzeller H, Marie G, Baltensperger U, Bell DM, Brasseur Z, Curtius J, Dada L, Duplissy J, Gong X, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Junninen H, Krechmer JE, Kürten A, Lamkaddam H, Lehtipalo K, Lopez B, Ma Y, Mahfouz NGA, Manninen HE, Mentler B, Perrier S, Petäjä T, Pfeifer J, Philippov M, Schervish M, Schobesberger S, Shen J, Surdu M, Tomaz S, Volkamer R, Wang X, Weber SK, Welti A, Worsnop DR, Wu Y, Yan C, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Kulmala M, Kirkby J, Donahue NM, George C, El-Haddad I, Bianchi F, Riva M. Nitrate Radicals Suppress Biogenic New Particle Formation from Monoterpene Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1601-1614. [PMID: 38185880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are a major source of new particles that affect the Earth's climate. HOM production from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs during both the day and night and can lead to new particle formation (NPF). However, NPF involving organic vapors has been reported much more often during the daytime than during nighttime. Here, we show that the nitrate radicals (NO3), which arise predominantly at night, inhibit NPF during the oxidation of monoterpenes based on three lines of observational evidence: NPF experiments in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), radical chemistry experiments using an oxidation flow reactor, and field observations in a wetland that occasionally exhibits nocturnal NPF. Nitrooxy-peroxy radicals formed from NO3 chemistry suppress the production of ultralow-volatility organic compounds (ULVOCs) responsible for biogenic NPF, which are covalently bound peroxy radical (RO2) dimer association products. The ULVOC yield of α-pinene in the presence of NO3 is one-fifth of that resulting from ozone chemistry alone. Even trace amounts of NO3 radicals, at sub-parts per trillion level, suppress the NPF rate by a factor of 4. Ambient observations further confirm that when NO3 chemistry is involved, monoterpene NPF is completely turned off. Our results explain the frequent absence of nocturnal biogenic NPF in monoterpene (α-pinene)-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Brasseur
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Xianda Gong
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Brandon Lopez
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Naser G A Mahfouz
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Meredith Schervish
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xinke Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Stefan K Weber
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - André Welti
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
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5
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Dada L, Stolzenburg D, Simon M, Fischer L, Heinritzi M, Wang M, Xiao M, Vogel AL, Ahonen L, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Baccarini A, Baltensperger U, Bianchi F, Daellenbach KR, DeVivo J, Dias A, Dommen J, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Hoyle CR, Kangasluoma J, Kim C, Kürten A, Kvashnin A, Mauldin R, Makhmutov V, Marten R, Mentler B, Nie W, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Saathoff H, Tauber C, Tome A, Molteni U, Volkamer R, Wagner R, Wagner AC, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Yan C, Zha Q, Rissanen M, Gordon H, Curtius J, Worsnop DR, Lehtipalo K, Donahue NM, Kirkby J, El Haddad I, Kulmala M. Role of sesquiterpenes in biogenic new particle formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5297. [PMID: 37682996 PMCID: PMC10491295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic vapors form new particles in the atmosphere, affecting global climate. The contributions of monoterpenes and isoprene to new particle formation (NPF) have been extensively studied. However, sesquiterpenes have received little attention despite a potentially important role due to their high molecular weight. Via chamber experiments performed under atmospheric conditions, we report biogenic NPF resulting from the oxidation of pure mixtures of β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, and isoprene, which produces oxygenated compounds over a wide range of volatilities. We find that a class of vapors termed ultralow-volatility organic compounds (ULVOCs) are highly efficient nucleators and quantitatively determine NPF efficiency. When compared with a mixture of isoprene and monoterpene alone, adding only 2% sesquiterpene increases the ULVOC yield and doubles the formation rate. Thus, sesquiterpene emissions need to be included in assessments of global aerosol concentrations in pristine climates where biogenic NPF is expected to be a major source of cloud condensation nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Physik, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impact, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jenna DeVivo
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Antonio Dias
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksander Kvashnin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roy Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wei Nie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Lauriane L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Tome
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Andrea C. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | | | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Chemistry Department, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hamish Gordon
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
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6
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Dada L, Okuljar M, Shen J, Olin M, Wu Y, Heimsch L, Herlin I, Kankaanrinta S, Lampimäki M, Kalliokoski J, Baalbaki R, Lohila A, Petäjä T, Maso MD, Duplissy J, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M. The synergistic role of sulfuric acid, ammonia and organics in particle formation over an agricultural land. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2023; 3:1195-1211. [PMID: 38014379 PMCID: PMC10413442 DOI: 10.1039/d3ea00065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture provides people with food, but poses environmental challenges. Via comprehensive observations on an agricultural land at Qvidja in Southern Finland, we were able to show that soil-emitted compounds (mainly ammonia and amines), together with available sulfuric acid, form new aerosol particles which then grow to climate-relevant sizes by the condensation of extremely low volatile organic compounds originating from a side production of photosynthesis (compounds emitted by ground and surrounding vegetation). We found that intensive local clustering events, with particle formation rates at 3 nm about 5-10 times higher than typical rates in boreal forest environments, occur on around 30% of all days. The requirements for these clustering events to occur were found to be clear sky, a low wind speed to accumulate the emissions from local agricultural land, particularly ammonia, the presence of low volatile organic compounds, and sufficient gaseous sulfuric acid. The local clustering will then contribute to regional new particle formation. Since the agricultural land is much more effective per surface area than the boreal forest in producing aerosol particles, these findings provide insight into the participation of agricultural lands in climatic cooling, counteracting the climatic warming effects of farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Okuljar
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Miska Olin
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Laura Heimsch
- Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Herlin
- Qvidja Research Farm Qvidja 15 21630 Parainen Finland
| | | | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Joni Kalliokoski
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Miikka Dal Maso
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
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7
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Jaffar-Bandjee M, Figon F, Clémençon P, Renard JB, Casas J. Aerosol Alteration of Behavioral Response to Pheromone in Bombyx mori. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:353-362. [PMID: 37120695 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Because of the complexity to study them, aerosols have been neglected in nearly all studies on olfaction, especially studies dealing with odor capture. However, aerosols are present in large quantities in the atmosphere and have the physico-chemical ability to interact with odor molecules, in particular the many pheromones with low volatility. We submitted male moths of Bombyx mori to bombykol puffs, the main fatty alcohol component of its sex pheromone, depending on whether the air is free of aerosols, charged with ambient concentration aerosols or supplemented with aqueous aerosols and recorded their arousal behavior. Aerosols and pheromone do interact consistently over all experiments and moths react better in low aerosol-concentration conditions. We propose four hypotheses for explaining this impediment, the two most likely resorting to competition between odor molecules and aerosols for the olfactory pores and postulate a reversal to a positive impact of aerosols on communication, depending on the particular physico-chemical properties of the multiphasic interaction. Studying the partitioning between gas and particulate phases in the transport and reception of odors is key for advancing the chemico-physical understanding of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Jaffar-Bandjee
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France.
- Biomaterials Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Florent Figon
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Clémençon
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, CNRS - University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
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8
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Peng C, Deng C, Lei T, Zheng J, Zhao J, Wang D, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Liu M, Jiang J, Ye A, Ge M, Wang W. Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles: Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:183-202. [PMID: 36521983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and therefore have significant effects on visibility, climate, and human health. Due to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles, a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles, helping us to better understand the formation and growth of new particles. In this paper, we firstly review these state-of-the-art techniques for investigating the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles (e.g., the gas-phase precursor species, molecular clusters, physicochemical properties, and chemical composition). Secondly, we present findings from recent field studies on the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles, utilizing several advanced techniques. Furthermore, perspectives are proposed for technique development and improvements in measuring atmospheric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Dongbin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anpei Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Jiang B, Lai NC, Xia D. Estimation of the nucleation barrier in a multicomponent system with intermolecular potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14324-14332. [PMID: 35642659 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a "critical nucleus" prior to phase change is a crucial step for new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere. However, the nucleation occurring below ∼1 nm is hard to observe directly. As an effective alternative, theoretical nucleation models have been widely studied. An energy barrier is involved in the nucleation and is the fundamental factor for the nucleation model. Typical atmospheric nucleation agents such as H2SO4, H2O and NH3 are dipole molecules, whose intermolecular interactions are non-ignorable. Herein, a dipole-dipole potential model is adopted to determine the interaction between molecules instead of the traditional hard sphere model, and graph theory is used to describe the structure of the cluster and the cluster-molecule interaction. The nucleation barriers (ΔEb) of H2SO4-H2SO4, H2SO4-H2O, H2SO4-NH3 and H2SO4-H2O-NH3 are derived and compared to each other. In the presence of H2O and NH3, the ΔEb value is decreased by 17-28% compared to that in the pure H2SO4 nucleation system. NH3 is identified to be a key factor for ternary nucleation based on an orthogonal test. Atmospheric concentrations of H2SO4, H2O and NH3 are considered to investigate the influence of [H2O + NH3]/[H2SO4] on ΔEb and the related effective collision coefficient (α). The α value in the ternary nucleation system reaches the range of (2.5-25) × 10-5, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than that in the pure H2SO4 system. Due to a significant enhancement of α, NH3 and H2O should be focused on in future aerosol particle estimation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfan Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Guangdong 528399, China
| | - Nien-Chu Lai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dehong Xia
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Kontkanen J, Stolzenburg D, Olenius T, Yan C, Dada L, Ahonen L, Simon M, Lehtipalo K, Riipinen I. What controls the observed size-dependency of the growth rates of sub-10 nm atmospheric particles? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:449-468. [PMID: 35694135 PMCID: PMC9119032 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation and growth of atmospheric particles involving sulfuric acid and organic vapors is estimated to have significant climate effects. To accurately represent this process in large-scale models, the correct interpretation of the observations on particle growth, especially below 10 nm, is essential. Here, we disentangle the factors governing the growth of sub-10 nm particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and organic vapors, using molecular-resolution cluster population simulations and chamber experiments. We find that observed particle growth rates are determined by the combined effects of (1) the concentrations and evaporation rates of the condensing vapors, (2) particle population dynamics, and (3) stochastic fluctuations, characteristic to initial nucleation. This leads to a different size-dependency of growth rate in the presence of sulfuric acid and/or organic vapors at different concentrations. Specifically, the activation type behavior, resulting in growth rate increasing with the particle size, is observed only at certain vapor concentrations. In our model simulations, cluster-cluster collisions enhance growth rate at high vapor concentrations and their importance is dictated by the cluster evaporation rates, which demonstrates the need for accurate evaporation rate data. Finally, we show that at sizes below ∼2.5-3.5 nm, stochastic effects can importantly contribute to particle population growth. Overall, our results suggest that interpreting particle growth observations with approaches neglecting population dynamics and stochastics, such as with single particle growth models, can lead to the wrong conclusions on the properties of condensing vapors and particle growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Norrköping Sweden
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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11
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Kulmala M, Cai R, Stolzenburg D, Zhou Y, Dada L, Guo Y, Yan C, Petäjä T, Jiang J, Kerminen VM. The contribution of new particle formation and subsequent growth to haze formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:352-361. [PMID: 35694136 PMCID: PMC9119031 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and subsequent growth of the newly formed particles, characterized by high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In addition to having adverse effects on visibility and human health, these haze particles may act as cloud condensation nuclei, having potentially large influences on clouds and precipitation. Using atmospheric observations performed in 2019 in Beijing, a polluted megacity in China, we showed that the variability of growth rates (GR) of particles originating from NPF depend only weakly on low-volatile vapor - highly oxidated organic molecules (HOMs) and sulphuric acid - concentrations and have no apparent connection with the strength of NPF or the level of background pollution. We then constrained aerosol dynamic model simulations with these observations. We showed that under conditions typical for the Beijing atmosphere, NPF is capable of contributing with more than 100 μg m-3 to the PM2.5 mass concentration and simultaneously >103 cm-3 to the haze particle (diameter > 100 nm) number concentration. Our simulations reveal that the PM2.5 mass concentration originating from NPF, strength of NPF, particle growth rate and pre-existing background particle population are all connected with each other. Concerning the PM pollution control, our results indicate that reducing primary particle emissions might not result in an effective enough decrease in total PM2.5 mass concentrations until a reduction in emissions of precursor compounds for NPF and subsequent particle growth is imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Kulmala
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing China.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Ying Zhou
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing China
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland .,Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing China
| | - Chao Yan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing China.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki Finland .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
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12
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Wang M, Xiao M, Bertozzi B, Marie G, Rörup B, Schulze B, Bardakov R, He XC, Shen J, Scholz W, Marten R, Dada L, Baalbaki R, Lopez B, Lamkaddam H, Manninen HE, Amorim A, Ataei F, Bogert P, Brasseur Z, Caudillo L, De Menezes LP, Duplissy J, Ekman AML, Finkenzeller H, Carracedo LG, Granzin M, Guida R, Heinritzi M, Hofbauer V, Höhler K, Korhonen K, Krechmer JE, Kürten A, Lehtipalo K, Mahfouz NGA, Makhmutov V, Massabò D, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Mentler B, Müller T, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Philippov M, Piedehierro AA, Pozzer A, Ranjithkumar A, Schervish M, Schobesberger S, Simon M, Stozhkov Y, Tomé A, Umo NS, Vogel F, Wagner R, Wang DS, Weber SK, Welti A, Wu Y, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Sipilä M, Winkler PM, Hansel A, Baltensperger U, Kulmala M, Flagan RC, Curtius J, Riipinen I, Gordon H, Lelieveld J, El-Haddad I, Volkamer R, Worsnop DR, Christoudias T, Kirkby J, Möhler O, Donahue NM. Synergistic HNO 3-H 2SO 4-NH 3 upper tropospheric particle formation. Nature 2022; 605:483-489. [PMID: 35585346 PMCID: PMC9117139 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)1-4. However, the precursor vapours that drive the process are not well understood. With experiments performed under upper tropospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber, we show that nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia form particles synergistically, at rates that are orders of magnitude faster than those from any two of the three components. The importance of this mechanism depends on the availability of ammonia, which was previously thought to be efficiently scavenged by cloud droplets during convection. However, surprisingly high concentrations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate have recently been observed in the upper troposphere over the Asian monsoon region5,6. Once particles have formed, co-condensation of ammonia and abundant nitric acid alone is sufficient to drive rapid growth to CCN sizes with only trace sulfate. Moreover, our measurements show that these CCN are also highly efficient ice nucleating particles-comparable to desert dust. Our model simulations confirm that ammonia is efficiently convected aloft during the Asian monsoon, driving rapid, multi-acid HNO3-H2SO4-NH3 nucleation in the upper troposphere and producing ice nucleating particles that spread across the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin Schulze
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Roman Bardakov
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brandon Lopez
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - António Amorim
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Farnoush Ataei
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pia Bogert
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zoé Brasseur
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annica M L Ekman
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Manuel Granzin
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Guida
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Höhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimmo Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naser G A Mahfouz
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dario Massabò
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa & INFN, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serge Mathot
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Müller
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antti Onnela
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrea Pozzer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Meredith Schervish
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuri Stozhkov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - António Tomé
- Institute Infante Dom Luíz, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nsikanabasi Silas Umo
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Vogel
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - André Welti
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Ionicon Analytik Ges.m.b.H., Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hamish Gordon
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | | | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Becker D, Heitland J, Carlsson PTM, Elm J, Olenius T, Tödter S, Kharrazizadeh A, Zeuch T. Real-time monitoring of aerosol particle formation from sulfuric acid vapor at elevated concentrations and temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5001-5013. [PMID: 35142769 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, time-resolved aerosol particle formation from sulfuric acid vapor is examined with special attention to the stabilization of molecular clusters in the early phase of unary nucleation. An important factor governing this process is the amount of condensable acid vapor. Here it is produced from fast gas-phase reactions in a batch-type reaction cell for which we introduce modifications enabling real-time monitoring. The key component for size- and time-resolved detection of ultrafine particles is a new 1 nm-SMPS. With this new tool at hand, the effect of varying the precursor concentration over two orders of magnitude is investigated. We demonstrate the ability to tune between different growth scenarios as indicated by the size-resolved particle traces which exhibit a transition from sigmoidal over quasi-stationary to peak-like shape. The second key parameter relevant for nucleation studies is the temperature-dependent cluster evaporation. Due to a temperature rise during the mixing stage of the experiment, evaporation is strongly promoted in the early phase. Therefore, the present study extends the T-range used in, e.g., smog chambers. We investigate this temperature effect in a kinetic simulation and can successfully combine simulated and measured data for validating theoretical evaporation rates obtained from DLPNO-CCSD(T0)-calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Becker
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Heitland
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Jonas Elm
- Aarhus Univerity, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Air Quality Research Unit, Folkborgsvägen 17, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sophia Tödter
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Amir Kharrazizadeh
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Kim D, Kim J, Hwang J, Shin D, An S, Jhe W. Direct measurement of curvature-dependent surface tension of an alcohol nanomeniscus. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6991-6996. [PMID: 33885500 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface tension is a key parameter for understanding nucleation in the very initial stage of phase transformation. Although surface tension has been predicted to vary with the curvature of the liquid-vapor interface, particularly at the large curvature of, e.g., the subnanometric critical nucleus, experimental study still remains challenging due to inaccessibility to such a small cluster. Here, by directly measuring the critical size of a single capillary-condensed nanomeniscus using atomic force microscopy, we address the curvature dependence of surface tension of alcohols and observe that the surface tension is doubled for ethanol and n-propanol with a radius-of-curvature of ∼-0.46 nm. We also find that the interface of larger negative (positive) curvature exhibits larger (smaller) surface tension, which evidently governs nucleation at the ∼1 nm scale and below, indicating more facilitated nucleation than normally expected. Such well characterized curvature effects contribute to better understanding and accurate analysis of nucleation occurring in various fields including materials science and atmospheric science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Center for 0D Nanofluidics, Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Deng C, Cai R, Yan C, Zheng J, Jiang J. Formation and growth of sub-3 nm particles in megacities: impact of background aerosols. Faraday Discuss 2021; 226:348-363. [PMID: 33237099 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) occurs frequently in various atmospheric environments and contributes majorly to the aerosol number budget. In megacities, the high concentrations of gaseous precursors and background aerosols add complexity to this process. Based on long-term measurements (373 days) in urban Beijing, we examine the formation and growth of sub-3 nm particles under the effects of background aerosols, as indicated by the condensation sink (CS) or the Fuchs surface area. The median CS and the median PM2.5 mass concentration for the days with NPF events were 0.03 s-1 and 34 μg m-3, respectively. The high loss rates of both molecular clusters and sub-3 nm particles to background aerosols reduce their atmospheric residence time and suppress their survival. As the key clusters for H2SO4-base nucleation, sulfuric acid dimer and trimer concentrations in Beijing decrease significantly when CS increases and the scavenging becomes stronger. The occurrence of NPF events and the formation of sub-3 nm particles in Beijing is governed by CS. 95% of the observed NPF days occurred with CS values below 0.03 s-1. During NPF events, high concentrations of sub-3 nm particles were formed and they mostly ranged from 103 to 105 cm-3 with a median value of 6.2 × 103 cm-3. Driven by the fast H2SO4-base nucleation, the daily maximum formation rate of 1.5 nm particles in Beijing has a mean value of 77 cm-3 s-1 and is much higher than that in clean environments. However, the mean growth rate of sub-3 nm particles in Beijing was only 2.6 nm h-1, not significantly different from that in clean environments. The relatively low growth rate and the high level of scavenging by background aerosols result in low survival of newly formed particles. The analyses also reinforce prior results on the need to correct conventional methods to adequately quantify the formation and growth rates when analyzing data from megacities with strong coagulation scavenging due to background aerosols. The conventional balance formula underestimates the formation rate of 1.5 nm particles, while the conventional appearance time method overestimates the growth rate of sub-3 nm particles. These findings highlight the governing role of background aerosols in urban NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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16
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Hou GL, Wang XB. Molecular Specificity and Proton Transfer Mechanisms in Aerosol Prenucleation Clusters Relevant to New Particle Formation. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2816-2827. [PMID: 33108162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles influence the Earth's radiative energy balance and cloud properties, thus impacting the air quality, human health, and Earth's climate change. Because of the important scientific and overarching practical implications of aerosols, the past two decades have seen extensive research efforts, with emphasis on the chemical compositions and underlying mechanisms of aerosol formation. It has been recognized that new particle formation (NPF) contributes up to 50% of atmospheric aerosols. Nowadays, the general consensus is that NPF proceeds via two distinct stages: the nucleation from gaseous precursors to form critical nuclei of sub-1-2 nm size, and the subsequent growth into large particles. However, a fundamental understanding of both the NPF process and molecular-level characterization of the critical size aerosol clusters is still largely missing, hampering the efforts in developing reliable and predictive aerosol nucleation and climate models.Both field measurements and laboratory experiments have gathered convincing evidence about the importance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in enhancing the nucleation and growth of aerosol particles. Numerous and abundant small clusters composed of sulfuric acid or bisulfate ion and organic molecules have been shown to exist in ∼2 nm sized aerosol particles. In particular, kinetic studies indicated the formation of clusters with one H2SO4 and one or two organics being the rate-limiting step.This Account discusses our effort in developing an integrated approach, which involves the laboratory cluster synthesis via electrospray ionization, size and composition analysis via mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopic characterization, and quantum mechanics based theoretical modeling, to investigate the structures, energetics, and thermodynamics of the aerosol prenucleation clusters relevant to NPF. We have been focusing on the clusters formed between H2SO4 or HSO4- and the organics from oxidation of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. We illustrated the significant thermodynamic advantage by involving organic acids in the formation and growth of aerosol clusters. We revealed that the functional groups in the organics play critical roles in promoting NPF process. The enhanced roles were quantified explicitly for specific functional groups, establishing a Molecular Scale that ranks highly hierarchic intermolecular interactions critical to aerosol formation. The different cluster formation pathways, probably mimicking the various polluted industrial environments, that involve cis-pinonic and cis-pinic acids were unveiled as well. Furthermore, one intriguing fundamental phenomenon on the unusual protonation pattern, which violates the gas-phase acidity (proton affinity) prediction, was discovered to be common in sulfuric acid-organic clusters. The mechanism underlying the phenomenon has been rationalized by employing the temperature-dependent experiments of sulfuric acid-formate/halide model clusters, which could explain the high stability of the sulfuric acid containing aerosol clusters. Our work provides critical molecular-level information to shed light on the initial steps of nucleation of common atmospheric precursors and benchmarks critical data for large-scale theoretical modeling to further address problems of environmental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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