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Bánáti D, Hellman-Regen J, Mack I, Young HA, Benton D, Eggersdorfer M, Rohn S, Dulińska-Litewka J, Krężel W, Rühl R. Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:443-475. [PMID: 38904956 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9-cis-13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Bánáti
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julian Hellman-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Section Neurobiology, University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hayley A Young
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - David Benton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Healthy Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Wu KJ, Wang YS, Hung TW, Bae EK, Chen YH, Kim CK, Yoo DW, Kim GS, Yu SJ. Herbal formula PM012 induces neuroprotection in stroke brain. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281421. [PMID: 36812289 PMCID: PMC9946208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability world-wide. Limited pharmacological therapy has been used in stroke patients. Previous studies indicated that herb formula PM012 is neuroprotective against neurotoxin trimethyltin in rat brain, and improved learning and memory in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Its action in stroke has not been reported. This study aims to determine PM012-mediated neural protection in cellular and animal models of stroke. Glutamate-mediated neuronal loss and apoptosis were examined in rat primary cortical neuronal cultures. Cultured cells were overexpressed with a Ca++ probe (gCaMP5) by AAV1 and were used to examine Ca++ influx (Ca++i). Adult rats received PM012 before transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Brain tissues were collected for infarction and qRTPCR analysis. In rat primary cortical neuronal cultures, PM012 significantly antagonized glutamate-mediated TUNEL and neuronal loss, as well as NMDA-mediated Ca++i. PM012 significantly reduced brain infarction and improved locomotor activity in stroke rats. PM012 attenuated the expression of IBA1, IL6, and CD86, while upregulated CD206 in the infarcted cortex. ATF6, Bip, CHOP, IRE1, and PERK were significantly down-regulated by PM012. Using HPLC, two potential bioactive molecules, paeoniflorin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, were identified in the PM012 extract. Taken together, our data suggest that PM012 is neuroprotective against stroke. The mechanisms of action involve inhibition of Ca++i, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jen Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Dai-Won Yoo
- Mediforum Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Association of CYP26C1 Promoter Hypomethylation with Small Vessel Occlusion in Korean Subjects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101622. [PMID: 34681016 PMCID: PMC8535232 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk factors for stroke, a fatal disease, include type two diabetes, hypertension, and genetic influences. Small vessel occlusion (SVO) can be affected by epigenetic alterations, but an association between SVO and the methylation of cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily C member 1 (CYP26C1) has not been identified. In this study, we measured the level of DNA methylation in the CYP26C1 promoter and the 5′ untranslated region of 115 normal subjects and 56 patients with SVO in Korea. The DNA methylation level of each subject was measured by bisulfite amplicon sequencing, and statistical analysis was performed using the general linear model or Pearson’s correlation. The average level of DNA methylation was markedly lower in patients with SVO than in normal subjects (20.4% vs. 17.5%). We found that the methylation of CYP26C1 has a significant positive correlation with blood parameters including white blood cells, hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase, and Na+ in subjects with SVO. We predicted that binding of RXR-α and RAR-β might be affected by CYP26C1 methylation at CpG sites −246–237 and −294–285. These findings suggest that CYP26C1 methylation in the promoter region may be a predictor of SVO.
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Hunsu VO, Facey COB, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Retinoids as Chemo-Preventive and Molecular-Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7731. [PMID: 34299349 PMCID: PMC8304138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) agents possess anti-tumor activity through their ability to induce cellular differentiation. However, retinoids have not yet been translated into effective systemic treatments for most solid tumors. RA signaling is mediated by the following two nuclear retinoic receptor subtypes: the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR), and their isoforms. The identification of mutations in retinoid receptors and other RA signaling pathway genes in human cancers offers opportunities for target discovery, drug design, and personalized medicine for distinct molecular retinoid subtypes. For example, chromosomal translocation involving RARA occurs in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a highly effective and even curative therapeutic for APL patients. Thus, retinoid-based target discovery presents an important line of attack toward designing new, more effective strategies for treating other cancer types. Here, we review retinoid signaling, provide an update on retinoid agents and the current clinical research on retinoids in cancer, and discuss how the retinoid pathway genotype affects the ability of retinoid agents to inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We also deliberate on why retinoid agents have not shown clinical efficacy against solid tumors and discuss alternative strategies that could overcome the lack of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O. Hunsu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (V.O.H.); (C.O.B.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (V.O.H.); (C.O.B.F.)
| | | | - Bruce M. Boman
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (V.O.H.); (C.O.B.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Rhea EM, Logsdon AF, Banks WA, Erickson ME. Intranasal Delivery: Effects on the Neuroimmune Axes and Treatment of Neuroinflammation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111120. [PMID: 33233734 PMCID: PMC7699866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the pre-clinical and clinical work performed to use intranasal delivery of various compounds from growth factors to stem cells to reduce neuroimmune interactions. We introduce the concept of intranasal (IN) delivery and the variations of this delivery method based on the model used (i.e., rodents, non-human primates, and humans). We summarize the literature available on IN delivery of growth factors, vitamins and metabolites, cytokines, immunosuppressants, exosomes, and lastly stem cells. We focus on the improvement of neuroimmune interactions, such as the activation of resident central nervous system (CNS) immune cells, expression or release of cytokines, and detrimental effects of signaling processes. We highlight common diseases that are linked to dysregulations in neuroimmune interactions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-764-2938
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michelle E. Erickson
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Hummel R, Ulbrich S, Appel D, Li S, Hirnet T, Zander S, Bobkiewicz W, Gölz C, Schäfer MK. Administration of all-trans retinoic acid after experimental traumatic brain injury is brain protective. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5208-5223. [PMID: 32964418 PMCID: PMC7588818 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A metabolite, important in the developing and mature brain. Pre-injury ATRA administration ameliorates ischaemic brain insults in rodents. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic ATRA treatment in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male adult mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI or sham procedure and killed at 7 or 30 days post-injury (dpi). ATRA (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) was given immediately after the injury and 1, 2 and 3 dpi. Neurological function and sensorimotor coordination were evaluated. Brains were processed for (immuno-) histological, mRNA and protein analyses (qPCR and western blot). KEY RESULTS ATRA treatment reduced brain lesion size, reactive astrogliosis and axonal injury at 7 dpi, and hippocampal granule cell layer (GCL) integrity was protected at 7 and 30 dpi, independent of cell proliferation in neurogenic niches and blood-brain barrier damage. Neurological and motor deficits over time and the brain tissue loss at 30 dpi were not affected by ATRA treatment. ATRA decreased gene expression of markers for damage-associated molecular pattern (HMGB1), apoptosis (caspase-3 and Bax), activated microglia (TSPO), and reactive astrogliosis (GFAP, SerpinA3N) at 7 dpi and a subset of markers at 30 dpi (TSPO, GFAP). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In experimental TBI, post-traumatic ATRA administration exerted brain protective effects, including long-term protection of GCL integrity, but did not affect neurological and motor deficits. Further investigations are required to optimize treatment regimens to enhance ATRA's brain protective effects and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Ulbrich
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Dominik Appel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Shuailong Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Tobias Hirnet
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sonja Zander
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Wieslawa Bobkiewicz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Michael K.E. Schäfer
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN)Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
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Zhao H, Li S, Li Z, Yang S, Li D, Zheng J, Gao H, Yun L, Gu Y, Li L, Zhao J, Fu Y. Intranasal delivery of 9-cis retinoic acid reduces beta-amyloid deposition via inhibiting astrocyte-mediated inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5469-5478. [PMID: 32209731 PMCID: PMC7138573 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation and deposition of a beta-amyloid (Αβ) peptide in the brain, resulting in increased neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Intranasal delivery of targeted drugs to the brain represents a noninvasive pathway that bypasses the blood-brain barrier and minimizes systemic exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intranasally delivered 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on the neuropathology of an AD mouse model. Herein, we observed dramatically decreased Αβ deposition in the brains of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice (APP/PS1) treated intranasally with 9-cis RA for 4 weeks compared to that in the brains of vehicle-treated mice. Importantly, intranasal delivery of 9-cis RA suppressed Αβ-associated astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation and ultimately restored synaptic deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. These results support the critical roles of Αβ-associated neuroinflammation responses to synaptic deficits, particularly during the deposition of Αβ. Our findings provide strong evidence that intranasally delivered 9-cis RA attenuates neuronal dysfunction in an AD mouse model and is a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaolin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Yun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - YingLi Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Reduces Neurodegeneration in Stroke Brain. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1001-1011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xu M, Xu L, Du H, Shan W, Feng J, Zhai G, Yang X. Decreased Serum Retinoic Acid May Predict Poor Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1483-1491. [PMID: 32606701 PMCID: PMC7293911 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s254591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Decreased serum retinoic acid (RA) levels have been shown to be linked with increased mortality in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum RA and 3-month functional outcome after ischemic stroke. METHODS Between January 2019 and September 2019, we prospectively recruited ischemic stroke patients within 24 hrs of symptom onset. Serum RA levels were measured for all patients at admission. The primary outcome was defined as poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3-6) at 90 days. The secondary outcome was defined as early neurological deterioration (END), which is considered as an increase of ≥1 point in motor power or total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥2 points within 7 days. RESULTS A total of 217 patients were included in the analysis. The median RA levels were 2.9 ng/mL. Ninety-four (43.3%) and 65 (30.0%) patients experienced 3-month poor outcome and END, respectively. After adjusted for potential confounders, decreased levels of serum RA were associated with a higher risk of poor outcome (P for trend = 0.001) and END (P for trend = 0.002). Adding RA quartile to the existing risk factors improved risk prediction for poor outcome [net reclassification improvement (NRI) = 42.6%, P = 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) = 5.7%, P = 0.001] and END (NRI index = 45.4%, P = 0.001; IDI = 4.3%; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Low serum RA levels at baseline were associated with poor prognosis at 90 days after ischemic stroke, suggesting that RA may be a potential prognostic biomarker for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Du
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Shan
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojie Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, People's Republic of China
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Lenahan C, Huang L, Travis ZD, Zhang JH. Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) and the modifiable risk factors of stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2019; 5:30. [PMID: 32922929 PMCID: PMC7398188 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked or ruptured, consequently leading to deficits in neurological function. Stroke consistently ranked as one of the top causes of mortality, and with the mean age of incidence decreasing, there is renewed interest to seek novel therapeutic treatments. The Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a multifunctional protein found on the surface of a variety of cells. Research has found that that SR-B1 primarily functions in an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic capacity. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of SR-B1 and focus on its potential correlation with the modifiable risk factors of stroke. SR-B1 likely has an impact on stroke through its interaction with smoking, diabetes mellitus, diet, physical inactivity, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and sickle cell disease, all of which are critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92324 USA
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Hou L, Ding C, Chen Z, Liu Y, Shi H, Zou C, Zhang H, Lu Z, Zheng D. Serum Retinoic Acid Level and The Risk of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Wang YS, Hsieh W, Chung JR, Lan TH, Wang Y. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury alters diurnal locomotor activity and response to the light change in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14067. [PMID: 31575951 PMCID: PMC6773703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common cause of brain damage with a high incidence of multiple mTBIs found among athletes and soldiers. The purpose of this study is to examine the diurnal behavioral changes after multiple mTBIs. Adult mice were anesthetized; mTBI was conducted by dropping a 30-g weight to the right temporal skull once (mTBI1) or three times (mTBI3) over 3-week. Open-field motor behavior was recorded for 3 days after the last mTBI. In the first 4-hour exploratory phase, mTBI1 or mTBI3 equally reduced locomotor activity. A significant reduction of locomotor activity was found in the dark cycle between 4–72 hour in mTBI1 or mTBI3 mice; higher motor activity was seen after mTBI3 compared to mTBI1. In the light cycle, mTBI3 mice demonstrated an earlier immobilization followed by hyperactivity. The response to light change significantly correlated with the number of impacts. The IBA1 and BAX protein levels were equally increased in the lesioned cortex after mTBI1 and mTBI3. mTBI3 selectively upregulated the expression of circadian clock gene Per1 in hypothalamus and hippocampus as well as iNOS expression in the lesioned side cortex. Our data suggest multiple mTBIs alter diurnal locomotor activity and response to the change of light, which may involve Per1 expression in the lesioned brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hsieh
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Chung
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Ding K, Zhang L, Zhang T, Yang H, Brinkman R. The Effect of Melatonin on Locomotor Behavior and Muscle Physiology in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Front Physiol 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 30941049 PMCID: PMC6433841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved hormone in evolutionary history. It occurs in numerous organisms and plays a role in the endocrine and immune systems. Locomotor behavior is a basic behavior in animals and is an important indicator of circadian rhythms, which are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems. To date, the effect of melatonin on locomotor behavior has been studied in vertebrates, including syrian hamsters, sparrows, rats, zebrafish, goldfish, and flatworms. However, there have been few studies of the effects of melatonin on locomotor behavior in marine invertebrates. The goals of present study were to show the existence of melatonin in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and to evaluate its effect on locomotor activity. In addition, muscle tissues from control and melatonin-treated sea cucumbers were tested using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to determine the changes of metabolic activity in muscle. Melatonin was present in the coelomic fluid of A. japonicus at a concentration of ∼135.0 ng/L. The total distance traveled and number steps taken over 9 h after melatonin administration decreased with increasing concentration of the melatonin dose. Mean and maximum velocity of movement and stride length and stride frequency also decreased, but their differences were not statistically significant. Overall, these results suggest that melatonin administration had a sedative effect on A. japonicus. The levels of 22 different metabolites were altered in the muscle tissues of melatonin-treated sea cucumbers. Serotonin, 9-cis retinoic acid, all-trans retinoic acid, flavin mononucleotide in muscles were downregulated after melatonin administration. Moreover, a high free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and a decrease in the adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) concentration in the muscle tissues of the melatonin-treated group were detected as well. These results suggest that the sedative effect of melatonin involves some other metabolic pathways, and the reduced locomotor modulator—serotonin, inhibited fatty acid oxidation and disturbed oxidative phosphorylation are potential physiological mechanisms that result in the inhibitory effect of melatonin on locomotion in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Richard Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Tu WJ, Qiu HC, Zhang Y, Cao JL, Wang H, Zhao JZ, Liu Q, Zeng X. Lower serum retinoic acid level for prediction of higher risk of mortality in ischemic stroke. Neurology 2019; 92:e1678-e1687. [PMID: 30850446 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between serum retinoic acid (RA) level in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and mortality risk in the 6 months after admission. METHODS From January 2015 through December 2016, patients admitted to 3 stroke centers in China for first-ever AIS were screened. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the 6 months after admission. The significance of serum RA level, NIH Stroke Scale score, and established risk factors in predicting mortality were determined. The integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) statistics were applied in statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 1,530 patients enrolled, 325 died within 6 months of admission, with an all-cause mortality of 21.2% and CVD-related mortality of 13.1%. In multivariable analysis, RA levels were expressed as quartiles with the clinical variables. The results of the second to fourth quartiles (Q2-Q4) were compared with the first quartile (Q1); RA levels showed prognostic significance, with decreased all-cause and CVD mortality of 55% and 63%, respectively. After RA was added to the existing risk factors, all-cause mortality could be better reclassified, in association with only the NRI statistic (p = 0.005); CVD mortality could be better reclassified with significance, in association with both the IDI and NRI statistics (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Low circulating levels of RA were associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in a cohort of patients with first-incidence AIS, indicating that RA level could be a predictor independent of established conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tu
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Cheng Qiu
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Zong Zhao
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xianwei Zeng
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zuo Y, Huang L, Enkhjargal B, Xu W, Umut O, Travis ZD, Zhang G, Tang J, Liu F, Zhang JH. Activation of retinoid X receptor by bexarotene attenuates neuroinflammation via PPARγ/SIRT6/FoxO3a pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 30791908 PMCID: PMC6385420 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening subtype of stroke with high mortality and disabilities. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been shown to be neuroprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the selective RXR agonist bexarotene on neuroinflammation in a rat model of SAH. METHODS Two hundred male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The endovascular perforation induced SAH. Bexarotene was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h after SAH induction. To investigate the underlying mechanism, the selective RXR antagonist UVI3003 and RXR siRNA or SIRT6 inhibitor OSS128167 was administered via intracerebroventricular 1 h before SAH induction. Post-SAH assessments including SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed. RESULTS The endogenous RXR and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) protein levels were increased after SAH. Bexarotene treatment significantly reduced brain edema and improved the short-/long-term neurological deficit after SAH. Mechanistically, bexarotene increased the levels of PPARγ and SIRT6; decreased the expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a (p-FoxO3a), IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-a; and inhibited the microglia activation and neutrophils infiltration at 24 h after SAH. Either UVI3003, OSS128167, or RXR siRNA abolished the neuroprotective effects of bexarotene and its regulation on protein levels of PPARγ/SIRT6/p-FoxO3a after SAH. CONCLUSIONS The activation of RXR by bexarotene attenuated neuroinflammation and improved neurological deficits after SAH. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect was at least partially through regulating PPARγ/SIRT6/FoxO3a pathway. Bexarotene may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ocak Umut
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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