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Jiang N, He Y, Wu J, You Q, Zhang R, Cheng M, Liu B, Cai Y, Lyu R, Wu Z. 6-Thioguanine inhibits severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus through suppression of EGR1. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105916. [PMID: 38777095 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus, recently being officially renamed as Dabie bandavirus, and a causative agent for an emerging infectious disease associated with high fatality. Effective therapeutics and vaccines are lacking and disease pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In our effort to identify new SFTSV inhibitory molecules, 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) was found to potently inhibit SFTSV infection. 6-TG has been widely used as therapeutic agent since the approval of the Food and Drug Administration in the 1960s. In the current study, we showed that 6-TG was a potent inhibitor of SFTSV infection with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 3.465 μM in VeroE6 cells, and 1.848 μM in HUVEC cells. The selectivity index (SI) was >57 in VeroE6 cells and >108 in HUVEC cells, respectively. The SFTSV RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and progeny virions were reduced in a dose dependent manner by the presence of 6-TG in the in vitro infection assay. Further study on the mechanism of the anti-SFTSV activity showed that 6-TG downregulated the production of early growth response gene-1 (EGR1). Using gene silencing and overexpression, we further confirmed that EGR1 was a host restriction factor against SFTSV. Meanwhile, treatment of infected experimental animals with 6-TG inhibited SFTSV infection and alleviated multi-organ dysfunction. In conclusion, we have identified 6-TG as an effective inhibitor of SFTSV replication via the inhibition of EGR1 expression. Further studies are needed to evaluate of 6-TG as a potential therapeutic for treating SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating He
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao You
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruining Lyu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Hao Y, Wang X, Du Z, Liu C, Zhang M, Kuai H, Wang W, Wang Z, Liu Z, Yang J. Prevalence and impact of viral myocarditis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29612. [PMID: 38639291 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
To explore the association and impact between viral myocarditis and mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. A dynamic analysis was conducted between fatal group and nonfatal group regarding the daily epidemiology data, clinical symptoms, and electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and laboratory findings. Outcomes of patients with and without viral myocarditis were compared. The association between viral myocarditis and mortality was analyzed. Among 183 severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients, 32 were in the fatal group and 151 in the nonfatal group; there were 26 (81.25%) with viral myocarditis in the fatal group, 66 (43.70%) with viral myocarditis in the nonfatal group (p < 0.001), 79.35% of patients had abnormal ECG results. The abnormal rate of ECG in the fatal group was 100%, and in the nonfatal group was 74.83%. Univariate analysis found that the number of risk factors gradually increased on Day 7 of the disease course and reached the peak on Day 10. Combined with the dynamic analysis of the disease course, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase fraction, lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, neutrophil count, serum creatinine, Na, Ca, carbon dioxide combining power, amylase, lipase, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time had statistically significant impact on prognosis. The incidence of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome combined with viral myocarditis is high, especially in the fatal group of patients. Viral myocarditis is closely related to prognosis and is an early risk factor. The time point for changes in myocarditis is Day 7 of the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Kuai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Ji M, Hu J, Zhang D, Huang B, Xu S, Jiang N, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Wu Z. Inhibition of SFTSV replication in humanized mice by a subcutaneously administered anti-PD1 nanobody. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:575-595. [PMID: 38366162 PMCID: PMC10940662 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening disease caused by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV), mainly transmitted by ticks. With no effective therapies or vaccines available, understanding the disease's mechanisms is crucial. Recent studies found increased expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on dysfunctional T cells in SFTS patients. However, the role of the PD-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway in SFTS progression remains unclear. We investigated PD-1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy against SFTSV replication. Our study analyzed clinical samples and performed in vitro experiments, revealing elevated PD-1/PD-L1 expression in various immune cells following SFTSV infection. An anti-PD-1 nanobody, NbP45, effectively inhibited SFTSV infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), potentially achieved through the mitigation of apoptosis and the augmentation of T lymphocyte proliferation. Intriguingly, subcutaneous administration of NbP45 showed superior efficacy compared to a licensed anti-PD-1 antibody in an SFTSV-infected humanized mouse model. These findings highlight the involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway during acute SFTSV infection and suggest its potential as a host target for immunotherapy interventions against SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqian Hu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bilian Huang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Y-Clone Medical Science Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yujiong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Xilin Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Hu J, Li W, Peng Z, Chen Z, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Liang Q, Wu Y, Liu W, Shen W, Dai Q, Zhu L, Bao C, Zhu F, Chen F. Annual incidence and fatality rates of notifiable infectious diseases in southeast China from 1950 to 2022 and relationship to socioeconomic development. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04107. [PMID: 37681663 PMCID: PMC10486175 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past 70 years, China has advanced significantly in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases while simultaneously undergoing a socioeconomic transformation, making it a useful source of data for analysing relationships between public health policy and the control of infectious diseases. Methods We collected data on the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases and associated fatalities in Jiangsu province in southeast China from the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, and the Nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System. We compared data from different historical periods using descriptive statistical methods, joinpoint regression, and correlation analysis. Results During 1950-2022, 75 754 008 cases of 46 notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Jiangsu, with an average annual incidence was 1679.49 per 100 000 population and a fatality rate of 1.82 per 1000 persons. The incidence of classes A-B decreased (average annual percent change (AAPC) = -2.1) during the entire study period, while the incidence of class C increased (AAPC = 10.8) after 2004. The incidence of intestinal diseases (AAPC = -4.4) and vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (AAPC = -8.1) decreased rapidly, while the incidence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases (AAPC = 1.8) increased. The number of medical and health institutions and the per capita gross domestic product correlated negatively with the annual incidence of diseases in classes A-B, but not with fatality rates. Conclusions Although the annual incidence of many severe infectious diseases has decreased in Jiangsu since 1950, the incidence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases increased. Socioeconomic growth and sustainable investment in health systems are associated with better control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- General office, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, WuXi, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanze Zheng
- Department of Acute infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Lianyungang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqi Shen
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qigang Dai
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Nanjing, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Lee K, Seok JH, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Bae JY, Jeon K, Kang JG, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Cho NH, Lee KH, Kim K, Park MS, Kim JI. Genome-informed investigation of the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011630. [PMID: 37713429 PMCID: PMC10529592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeen Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory for Vector Borne Disease, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Liu B, Zhu J, He T, Zhang Z. Genetic variants of Dabie bandavirus: classification and biological/clinical implications. Virol J 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 37060090 PMCID: PMC10103499 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV), a novel Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae. The first case of SFTS was reported in China, followed by cases in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. With clinical manifestations including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal symptoms, SFTS has a fatality rate of approximately 10%. In recent years, an increasing number of viral strains have been isolated and sequenced, and several research groups have attempted to classify the different genotypes of DBV. Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates certain correlations between the genetic makeup and biological/clinical manifestations of the virus. Here, we attempted to evaluate the genetic classification of different groups, align the genotypic nomenclature in different studies, summarize the distribution of different genotypes, and review the biological and clinical implications of DBV genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tengfei He
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Xia G, Sun S, Zhou S, Li L, Li X, Zou G, Huang C, Li J, Zhang Z. A new model for predicting the outcome and effectiveness of drug therapy in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A multicenter Chinese study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011158. [PMID: 36877734 PMCID: PMC10019728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a few models for predicting the outcomes of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) based on single-center data, but clinicians need more reliable models based on multicenter data to predict the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of drug therapy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This retrospective multicenter study analyzed data from 377 patients with SFTS, including a modeling group and a validation group. In the modeling group, the presence of neurologic symptoms was a strong predictor of mortality (odds ratio: 168). Based on neurologic symptoms and the joint indices score, which included age, gastrointestinal bleeding, and the SFTS virus viral load, patients were divided into double-positive, single-positive, and double-negative groups, which had mortality rates of 79.3%, 6.8%, and 0%, respectively. Validation using data on 216 cases from two other hospitals yielded similar results. A subgroup analysis revealed that ribavirin had a significant effect on mortality in the single-positive group (P = 0.006), but not in the double-positive or double-negative group. In the single-positive group, prompt antibiotic use was associated with reduced mortality (7.2% vs 47.4%, P < 0.001), even in individuals without significant granulocytopenia and infection, and early prophylaxis was associated with reduced mortality (9.0% vs. 22.8%, P = 0.008). The infected group included SFTS patients with pneumonia or sepsis, while the noninfected group included patients with no signs of infection. The white blood cell count and levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin differed significantly between the infection and non-infection groups (P = 0.020, P = 0.011, and P = 0.003, respectively), although the absolute difference in the medians were small. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We developed a simple model to predict mortality in patients with SFTS. Our model may help to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs in these patients. In patients with severe SFTS, ribavirin and antibiotics may reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Xia
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guizhou Zou
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhu C, Ai L, Qi Y, Liu Y, Li H, Ye F, Wang Q, Luo Y, Tan W, Shi C. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hedgehogs (Erinaceus amurensis) and hedgehog-attached ticks in Xuyi County, Southeast China. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 88:97-111. [PMID: 36097185 PMCID: PMC9663401 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases like Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia are widespread infectious zoonoses that threaten the health of both humans and animals worldwide. Ticks and their hosts, such as hedgehogs, can play a crucial role in transmitting tick-borne diseases and the cycle of Rickettsia. To investigate the presence and identity of Rickettsia in hedgehogs and hedgehog-attached ticks in Xuyi County, Southeast China, 114 ticks were collected from 45 hedgehogs captured totally. Via morphological and molecular methods, all these ticks were identified as two species: Haemaphysalis flava (110/114, 96.5%) and Haemaphysalis longicornis (4/114, 3.5%). Rickettsia spp. were genotypically characterized by PCR targeting rrs, gltA, ompA, ompB, and sca4 gene fragments. The prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) infection found in hedgehogs and ticks was 17.8% (8/45) and 78.1% (89/114), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that those Rickettsia spp. belong to two species: Rickettsia heilongjiangensis (R. heilongjiangensis XY-1) and a potential new species, Candidatus Rickettsia xuyiensis XY-2. The present study gave the first evidence of R. heilongjiangensis and Candidatus R. xuyiensis in ticks and hedgehogs of Southeast China. Our findings suggest that hedgehogs might be involved in the natural transmission cycle of Rickettsia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqiang Zhu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lele Ai
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Fuqiang Ye
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qiuwei Wang
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yizhe Luo
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Song Z, Xu X, Wei X, Yuan H, Liang H, Wen H. Clinical symptoms associated with fatality of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106481. [PMID: 35461803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infection disease that is deadly if left untreated. Identification of potential risk factors with prognosis value may help to focus clinical management and reduce case fatality. However, information about these factors is conflicting and scattered. In this study, documents on SFTS were collected by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Wan Fang Database through 12 January 2021. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata and Review Manage software. 29 studies were included, involving 3011 participants with 38 clinical symptoms. The following factors were strongly (OR>5) and significantly (P-value<0.05) associated with mortality: hematemesis (OR=13.73), slurred speech (OR=5.05), disturbance of consciousness (OR=9.20), coma (OR=47.84), disseminated intravascular coagulation (OR=11.79), multiple organ dysfunction (OR=21.30), shock (OR=8.20) and acute kidney injury (OR=6.22). Non-specific symptoms, underlying diseases, respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with mortality of SFTS patients. Neurological symptoms and severe complications significantly increasing the death risk of SFTS cases can be identified by medical staff in resource-constrained settings and should be considered as core factors in future researchers that aim at improving the prognosis of SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zexuan Song
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Haowen Yuan
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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10
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Nonstructural Protein NSs Activates Inflammasome and Pyroptosis through Interaction with NLRP3 in Human Microglial Cells Infected with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bandavirus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0016722. [PMID: 35695505 PMCID: PMC9278151 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00167-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne febrile disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), or Dabie bandavirus, in the Phenuiviridae family. Clinically neurological disorders in SFTS have been commonly reported, but their neuropathogenesis has rarely been studied. Microglia are a type of neuroglia accounting for 10 to 12% of all cells in the brain. As resident immune cells, microglial cells are the first line of immune defense present in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report that SFTSV was able to infect microglial cells and stimulate interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion in the brains of infected neonatal BALB/c mice. We characterized the cell death induced in infected human microglial HMC3 cells, also susceptible to SFTSV, and found that the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was activated, leading to secretion of IL-1β and pyroptosis. Knockdown of NLRP3 or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation suppressed the viral replication, suggesting that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may support SFTSV replication in microglial cells. Viral nonstructural protein NSs, a known modulator of immune responses, interacted and colocalized with NLRP3 for the inflammasome activation. It appeared that the N-terminal fragment, amino acids 1 to 66, of NSs was critical to promote the assembly of the inflammasome complex by interacting with NLRP3 for its activation in microglial cells. Our findings provide evidence that SFTSV may cause neurological disorders through infecting microglia and activating the inflammasome through its nonstructural protein NSs for neural cell death and inflammation. This study may have revealed a novel mechanism of SFTSV NSs in dysregulating host response. IMPORTANCE Encephalitis or encephalopathy during severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is considered a critical risk factor leading to high mortality, but there have been no studies to date on the pathogenesis of encephalitis or encephalopathy caused by SFTS virus. Here, we report that SFTSV infection can active the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce IL-1β secretion in the brains of infected newborn mice. In infected human HMC3 microglia, SFTSV activated the NLRP3 inflammasome via the viral nonstructural protein NSs through interaction with its N-terminal fragment. Notably, our findings suggest that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may promote SFTSV replication in infected microglial cells. This study may reveal a novel mechanism by SFTSV to dysregulate host responses through its nonstructural protein, which could help us understand viral neuropathogenesis in SFTS patients.
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11
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Li JC, Zhao J, Li H, Fang LQ, Liu W. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:40-49. [PMID: 38074982 PMCID: PMC10699716 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by a novel phlebovirus (SFTS virus, SFTSV) in the family Phenuiviridae of the order Bunyavirales. The disease causes a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms, ranging from mild febrile disease accompanied by thrombocytopenia and/or leukocytopenia to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, multiple organ failure, and death. SFTS was first identified in China and was subsequently reported in South Korea and Japan. The case-fatality rate ranges from 2.7% to 45.7%. Older age has been consistently shown to be the most important predictor of adverse disease outcomes. Older age exacerbates disease mainly through dysregulation of host immune cells and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Tick-to-human transmission is the primary route of human infection with SFTSV, and Haemaphysalis longicornis is the primary tick vector of SFTSV. Despite its high case-fatality rate, vaccines and antiviral therapies for SFTS are not currently available. The therapeutic efficacies of several antiviral agents against SFTSV are currently being evaluated. Ribavirin was initially identified as a potential antiviral therapy for SFTS but was subsequently found to inefficiently improve disease outcomes, especially among patients with high viral loads. Favipiravir (T705) decreased both time to clinical improvement and mortality when administered early in patients with low viral loads. Anti-inflammatory agents including corticosteroids have been proposed to play therapeutic roles. However, the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities, such as convalescent plasma, is not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
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12
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Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and elevation of interleukin-1β secretion in infection by sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2573. [PMID: 35173184 PMCID: PMC8850576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging phlebovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever known as the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Inflammasomes are a molecular platform that are assembled to process pro-caspase 1 and subsequently promote secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-18 for proinflammatory responses induced upon infection. We hypothesize that inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induced in SFTS results in elevated levels of IL-1β/IL-18 responsible for high fever and hemorrhage in the host, characteristic of SFTS. Here we report that IL-1β secretion was elevated in SFTS patients and infected mice and IL-1β levels appeared to be reversibly associated to disease severity and viral load in patients’ blood. Increased caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, cell death, and processing of gasdermin D were detected, indicating that pyroptosis was induced in SFTSV-infected human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). To characterize the mechanism of pyroptosis induction, we knocked down several NOD-like receptors (NLRs) with respective shRNAs in PBMCs and showed that the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was critical for processing pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β. Our data with specific inhibitors for NLRP3 and caspase-1 further showed that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was key to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion which may be inhibitory to viral replication in PBMCs infected with SFTSV. The findings in this study suggest that the activation of the NLPR3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, leading to IL-1β/IL-18 secretion during the SFTSV infection, could play important roles in viral pathogenesis and host protection. Pyroptosis as part of innate immunity might be essential in proinflammatory responses and pathogenicty in humans infected with this novel phlebovirus.
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13
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Chen S, Xu M, Wu X, Bai Y, Shi J, Zhou M, Wu Q, Tang S, Deng F, Qin B, Shen S. A new luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay provided serological evidence for missed diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Virol Sin 2022; 37:107-114. [PMID: 35234635 PMCID: PMC8922417 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Junming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bo Qin
- Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, No. 305 East Street Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China; Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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14
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Park S, Nam HS, Na BJ. Evaluating the spatial and temporal patterns of the severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome in Republic of Korea. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2021; 16. [PMID: 34730319 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2021.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a new infectious disease with a high mortality rate and increased incidence in Republic of Korea since the first case was reported in 2013. The average mortality rate varies by region and year but remains high in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of SFTS cases reported to the national Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of SFTS and observed changes in areas vulnerable to the disease. We analysed data concerning 1086 confirmed SFTS patients from 2013 to 2019 categorized according to the 247 district level administrative units. To better understand the epidemiology of SFTS, we carried out spatiotemporal analyses on a yearly basis and also calculated and mapped spatial clusters of domestic SFTS by global (regional) and local Moran's indices. To observe the annual changes in SFTS incidence rate, scan statistics for each city and district were calculated. The incidence rate showed significant clustering in specific regions, which reoccurred annually in some regions. In Republic of Korea, SFTS clusters have been expanding into the southern regions, with annual clusters concentrated between May and October. This pattern allows prediction of SFTS occurrences through spatiotemporal analysis, which makes it possible to guide measures of disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwoo Park
- Department of Public Health, Chungnam National University Graduate School, Daejeon; Division of Climate Change and Health Protection, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Chungcheongbuk-do.
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon.
| | - Baeg-Ju Na
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul.
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15
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Ando T, Nabeshima T, Inoue S, Tun MMN, Obata M, Hu W, Shimoda H, Kurihara S, Izumikawa K, Morita K, Hayasaka D. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Cats and Its Prevalence among Veterinarian Staff Members in Nagasaki, Japan. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061142. [PMID: 34198717 PMCID: PMC8232257 DOI: 10.3390/v13061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) infection in cats in Nagasaki, Japan. In total, 44 of 133 (33.1%) cats with suspected SFTS were confirmed to be infected with SFTSV. Phylogenetic analyses of SFTSV isolates from cats indicated that the main genotype in Nagasaki was J1 and that unique reassortant strains with J2 (S segment) and unclassified genotypes (M and L segments) were also present. There were no significant differences in virus growth in cell cultures or fatality in SFTSV-infected mice between the SFTSV strains that were isolated from recovered and fatal cat cases. Remarkably, SFTSV RNAs were detected in the swabs from cats, indicating that the body fluids contain SFTSV. To evaluate the risk of SFTSV infection when providing animal care, we further examined the seroprevalence of SFTSV infection in veterinarian staff members; 3 of 71 (4.2%) were seropositive for SFTSV-specific antibodies. Our results provide useful information on the possibility of using cats as sentinel animals and raised concerns of the zoonotic risk of catching SFTSV from animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ando
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabeshima
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Miho Obata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Weiyin Hu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Shintaro Kurihara
- Department of Medical Safety, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-83-933-5887
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16
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Zhang N, Cheng XQ, Deng B, Rui J, Qiu L, Zhao Z, Lin S, Liu X, Xu J, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhu Y, Huang J, Liu C, Liu W, Luo L, Li Z, Li P, Yang T, Li ZF, Liang SY, Wang XC, Hu JL, Chen T. Modelling the transmission dynamics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Jiangsu Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:237. [PMID: 33957950 PMCID: PMC8100741 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that is regionally distributed in Asia, with high fatality. Constructing the transmission model of SFTS could help provide clues for disease control and fill the gap in research on SFTS models. METHODS We built an SFTS transmission dynamics model based on the susceptible-exposed-infectious-asymptomatic-recovered (SEIAR) model and the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in Jiangsu Province. This model was used to evaluate the effect by cutting off different transmission routes and taking different interventions into account, to offer clues for disease prevention and control. RESULTS The transmission model fits the reported data well with a minimum R2 value of 0.29 and a maximum value of 0.80, P < 0.05. Meanwhile, cutting off the environmental transmission route had the greatest effect on the prevention and control of SFTS, while isolation and shortening the course of the disease did not have much effect. CONCLUSIONS The model we have built can be used to simulate the transmission of SFTS to help inform disease control. It is noteworthy that cutting off the environment-to-humans transmission route in the model had the greatest effect on SFTS prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 172, Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cheng
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 172, Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxia Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 172, Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shu-Yi Liang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 172, Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 172, Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian-Li Hu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 172, Jiangsu Rd, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ikemori R, Aoyama I, Sasaki T, Takabayashi H, Morisada K, Kinoshita M, Ikuta K, Yumisashi T, Motomura K. Two Different Strains of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in North and South Osaka by Phylogenetic Analysis of Evolutionary Lineage: Evidence for Independent SFTSV Transmission. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020177. [PMID: 33504090 PMCID: PMC7911098 DOI: 10.3390/v13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel tick-borne infectious disease, therefore, the information on the whole genome of the SFTS virus (SFTSV) is still limited. This study demonstrates a nearly whole genome of the SFTSV identified in Osaka in 2017 and 2018 by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The evolutionary lineage of two genotypes, C5 and J1, was identified in Osaka. The first case in Osaka belongs to suspect reassortment (L:C5, M:C5, S:C4), the other is genotype J1 (L: J1, M: J1, S: J1) according to the classification by a Japanese group. C5 was identified in China, indicating that C5 identified in this study may be transmitted by birds between China and Japan. This study revealed that different SFTSV genotypes were distributed in two local areas, suggesting the separate or focal transmission patterns in Osaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ikemori
- Virology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.I.); (I.A.); (T.S.); (K.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ikuko Aoyama
- Virology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.I.); (I.A.); (T.S.); (K.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Virology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.I.); (I.A.); (T.S.); (K.I.); (T.Y.)
- Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan
| | - Hirono Takabayashi
- Fujiidera Public Health Center, Fujiidera, Osaka 583-0024, Japan;
- Ikeda Public Health Center, Ikeda, Osaka 563-0041, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Kinoshita
- Department of Health and Medical Care, Osaka Prefectural Government, Osaka 540-8570, Japan;
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Virology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.I.); (I.A.); (T.S.); (K.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Yumisashi
- Virology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.I.); (I.A.); (T.S.); (K.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Virology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.I.); (I.A.); (T.S.); (K.I.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6972-1321
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Baseline mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virology, epidemiology and vaccine research and development. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:111. [PMID: 33335100 PMCID: PMC7746727 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emergent tick-borne bunyavirus first discovered in 2009 in China. SFTSV is a growing public health problem that may become more prominent owing to multiple competent tick-vectors and the expansion of human populations in areas where the vectors are found. Although tick-vectors of SFTSV are found in a wide geographic area, SFTS cases have only been reported from China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Patients with SFTS often present with high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including hemorrhagic disease. Reported SFTSV case fatality rates range from ~5 to >30% depending on the region surveyed, with more severe disease reported in older individuals. Currently, treatment options for this viral infection remain mostly supportive as there are no licensed vaccines available and research is in the discovery stage. Animal models for SFTSV appear to recapitulate many facets of human disease, although none of the models mirror all clinical manifestations. There are insufficient data available on basic immunologic responses, the immune correlate(s) of protection, and the determinants of severe disease by SFTSV and related viruses. Many aspects of SFTSV virology and epidemiology are not fully understood, including a detailed understanding of the annual numbers of cases and the vertebrate host of the virus, so additional research on this disease is essential towards the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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19
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Wu X, Li Y, Huang B, Ma X, Zhu L, Zheng N, Xu S, Nawaz W, Xu C, Wu Z. A single-domain antibody inhibits SFTSV and mitigates virus-induced pathogenesis in vivo. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136855. [PMID: 32641581 PMCID: PMC7406269 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel tick-borne bunyavirus that recently emerged in East Asian countries. SFTS is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, multiorgan failure, and hemorrhage with case fatality rates of 6.3% to 30%. Neither antivirals nor vaccines are available at present. We previously demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies specific for SFTSV glycoprotein (Gn) played a vital role in the survival of patients with SFTS. Nanobodies from camels present unique properties, such as thermostability, high affinity, and low immunogenicity. In the current study, mammalian expressed SFTSV Gn was used to immunize a camel, and functional nanobodies were isolated from the B cell nanobody library constructed from the immunized animal. Clone SNB02 was selected for in-depth analysis for its inhibition of SFTSV replication both in vitro and in vivo. We showed that SNB02 potently inhibited SFTSV infection and prevented thrombocytopenia in a humanized mouse model and is a potential candidate for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Y-Clone Medical Science Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Bilian Huang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Linjing Zhu
- Abrev Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changping Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Yun SM, Park SJ, Kim YI, Park SW, Yu MA, Kwon HI, Kim EH, Yu KM, Jeong HW, Ryou J, Lee WJ, Jee Y, Lee JY, Choi YK. Genetic and pathogenic diversity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in South Korea. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129531. [PMID: 31877113 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate nationwide severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection status, we isolated SFTSVs from patients with suspected severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in 207 hospitals throughout South Korea between 2013 and April 2017. A total of 116 SFTSVs were isolated from 3137 SFTS-suspected patients, with an overall 21.6% case fatality rate. Genetic characterization revealed that at least 6 genotypes of SFTSVs were co-circulating in South Korea, with multiple reassortments among them. Of these, the genotype B-2 strains were the most prevalent, followed by the A and F genotypes. Clinical and epidemiologic investigations revealed that genotype B strains were associated with the highest case fatality rate, while genotype A caused only one fatality among 10 patients. Further, ferret infection studies demonstrated varying clinical manifestations and case mortality rates with different strains of SFTSV, which suggests this virus could exhibit genotype-dependent pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Min Yun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Division of Emerging Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sun-Whan Park
- Jeju National Quarantine Station, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Korea, Jeju, Jeju-do, South Korea
| | - Min-Ah Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyeok-Il Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jungsang Ryou
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Youngmee Jee
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
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21
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Cross-genotype protection of live-attenuated vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in a ferret model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26900-26908. [PMID: 31818942 PMCID: PMC6936527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914704116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging viral pathogen discovered in 2009. The virus is present in countries of East Asia and is transmitted through the bite of an infected Haemaphysalis longicornis tick. SFTSV disease is associated with high morbidity and is often fatal. Despite the incidence of disease, no antiviral therapy or vaccine has been approved for use. Here, we report and assess 2 live attenuated viruses as vaccine candidates in our recently described ferret model of infection. We show that the viruses caused no clinical disease or mortality in healthy animals. Immunized animals mounted a robust humoral immune response to a single dose of virus, and this response protected the animals from a lethal challenge. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus classified within the Banyangvirus genus. SFTS disease has been reported throughout East Asia since 2009 and is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia and has a 12 to 30% case fatality rate. Due to the recent emergence of SFTSV, there has been little time to conduct research into preventative measures aimed at combatting the virus. SFTSV is listed as one of the World Health Organization’s Prioritized Pathogens for research into antiviral therapeutics and vaccine development. Here, we report 2 attenuated recombinant SFTS viruses that induce a humoral immune response in immunized ferrets and confer complete cross-genotype protection to lethal challenge. Animals infected with rHB29NSsP102A or rHB2912aaNSs (both genotype D) had a reduced viral load in both serum and tissues and presented without high fever, thrombocytopenia, or mortality associated with infection. rHB29NSsP102A- or rHB2912aaNSs-immunized animals developed a robust anti-SFTSV immune response against cross-genotype isolates of SFTSV. This immune response was capable of neutralizing live virus in a focus-reduction neutralization test (FRNT) and was 100% protective against a cross-genotype lethal challenge with the CB1/2014 strain of SFTSV (genotype B). Thus, using our midsized, aged ferret infection model, we demonstrate 2 live attenuated vaccine candidates against the emerging pathogen SFTSV.
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22
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Du Y, Cheng N, Li Y, Wang H, You A, Su J, Nie Y, Ma H, Xu B, Huang X. Seroprevalance of antibodies specific for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and the discovery of asymptomatic infections in Henan Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007242. [PMID: 31765376 PMCID: PMC6901261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe emerging disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), and the geographical distribution of SFTS has been increasing throughout China in recent years. To assess SFTSV-specific antibody seroprevalence, a cross-sectional study was conducted for healthy people in high SFTS endemic areas of Henan province in 2016. Methods This study used a stratified random sampling method to select 14 natural villages as the investigation sites. From April to May 2016, participants completed a questionnaire survey and serum samples were collected. All serum samples were subjected to ELISA to detect SFTSV-specific IgM and IgG. All IgM-positive samples were further tested by real-time RT-PCR, and isolation of virus from serum was attempted. Any participant who was IgM-positive was followed up with a month later to confirm health status. Results In total, 1463 healthy people participated in this study. The average seropositive rates for SFTSV-specific IgG and IgM were 10.46% (153/1463) and 0.82% (12/1463), respectively. IgM was detected in 12 individuals, and SFTSV RNA was detected in six of them. Virus was isolated from five of the six SFTSV RNA-positive individuals, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all five isolates belonged to SFTSV group A. No IgM-positive participants exhibited any symptoms or other signs of illness at the one-month follow up. Conclusions This study identified a relatively high incidence of SFTSV-specific antibody seropositivity in healthy people in Xinyang city. Moreover, our data provide the first evidence for asymptomatic SFTSV infections, which may have significant implications for SFTS outbreak control. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV) that was first discovered in rural areas of China. Henan province has had the largest number of SFTS cases in China every year since the disease was discovered, however, seropositivity for SFTSV-specific antibodies in healthy people in this region is still not clear. To address this issue, a cross-sectional survey was performed in high endemic areas from April to May 2016. The results showed that SFTSV seroprevalence was relatively high and possibly increasing. Notably, SFTSV RNA, as well as virus itself, was isolated from specimens obtained from healthy people. This study confirmed there are asymptomatic SFTSV infections in humans, and it is the first to report SFTSV isolation from healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Du
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningning Cheng
- Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiguo You
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Su
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifei Nie
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bianli Xu
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (XH)
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (XH)
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23
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Wang L, Wan G, Shen Y, Zhao Z, Lin L, Zhang W, Song R, Tian D, Wen J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Liu L, Feng Y, Liu Y, Qiang C, Duan J, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Ge Z, Li X, Chen Z, Fan T, Li W. A nomogram to predict mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome at the early stage-A multicenter study in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007829. [PMID: 31765414 PMCID: PMC6934327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by the SFTS virus is an emerging infectious disease that was first identified in the rural areas of China in 2011. Severe cases often result in death due to multiple organ failure. To date, there are still numerous problems remain unresolved in SFTS, including unclear pathogenesis, lack of specific treatment, and no effective vaccines available. Aim To analyze the clinical information of patients with early-stage SFTS and to establish a nomogram for the mortality risk. Methods Between April 2011 and December 2018, data on consecutive patients who were diagnosed with SFTS were prospectively collected from five medical centers distributed in central and northeastern China. Multivariable Cox analyses were used to identify the factors independently associated with mortality. A nomogram for mortality was established using those factors. Results During the study period, 429 consecutive patients were diagnosed with SFTS at the early stage of the disease (within 7 days of fever), among whom 69 (16.1%) died within 28 days. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that low lymphocyte percentage, early-stage encephalopathy, and elevated concentration of serum LDH and BUN were independent risk factors for fatal outcomes. Received-operating characteristic curves for 7-, 14-, and 28-days survival had AUCs of 0.944 (95% CI: 0.920–0.968), 0.924 (95% CI: 0.896–0.953), and 0.924 (95% CI: 0.895–0.952), respectively. Among low-risk patients, 6 patients died (2.2%). Among moderate-risk patients, 25 patients died (24.0%, hazard ratio (HR) = 11.957). Among high-risk patients, the mortality rate was 69.1% (HR = 57.768). Conclusion We established a simple and practical clinical scoring system, through which we can identify critically ill patients and provide intensive medical intervention for patients as soon as possible to reduce mortality. We established a SFTS nomogram scoring system, which is the first nomogram for this disease. According to this nomogram, patients were divided into three levels of mortality risk: low, moderate, and high. This scoring system is helpful to identify critically ill patients, allowing for early intervention and intensive care, which may contribute to reducing the mortality of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Statistics Room, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yuanni Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Chunqian Qiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Jianping Duan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Graduate School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- Graduate School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Interventional Therapy Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yoo JR, Heo ST, Kim M, Song SW, Boo JW, Lee KH. Seroprevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in the Agricultural Population of Jeju Island, Korea, 2015-2017. Infect Chemother 2019; 51:337-344. [PMID: 31668024 PMCID: PMC6940373 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2019.51.4.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease that is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), and exhibits an overall mortality rate of approximately 20.0% in Korea. Most cases of this disease have been reported in Korea, East China, and Japan, and it mostly affects outdoor workers and farmers. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of SFTSV among healthy farmers on Jeju Island, Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed 421 blood samples obtained from 254 farmers (mean age, 59.9 years; 68.9% male) to determine the seroprevalence of SFTSV in 16 rural areas of the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province over a period of 3 years (January 2015-December 2017). We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies against SFTSV in the collected samples. RESULTS The seroprevalence of the SFTSV IgG among farmers on Jeju Island was observed to be 2.4%. One subject showed seropositivity over the entire 3-year study period. The areas with the highest SFTSV IgG seropositivity rates were Seonheul-ri in Jocheon-eup, followed by Namwon-eup. Fruit farmers were at a higher risk of exposure to SFTSV than other farmers. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of SFTSV in the healthy agricultural population of Jeju Island was not high. However, personal hygiene management should be implemented for the agricultural population in the endemic areas. Surveillance of mild or asymptomatic infections is required in the endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeju National University, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ji Whan Boo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jeju National University, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.
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Chen R, Kou Z, Xu L, Cao J, Liu Z, Wen X, Wang Z, Wen H. Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of four natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, China in 2009-2017: A descriptive analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221677. [PMID: 31454372 PMCID: PMC6711524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural-focal diseases are serious diseases that endanger human health. They threaten about 100 million people in Shandong Province, and cause illness in thousands of people each year. However, information on the epidemiological characteristics of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province has been limited. The purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, 2009–2017. Methods We describe the incidence and distribution of four natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province using surveillance data from 2009–2017. Results From 2009–2017, 11123 cases of four natural-focal diseases including 257 deaths were reported in Shandong Province, China. The four natural-focal diseases were severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), typhus, and scrub typhus. The high-risk groups of the four diseases were farmers and the elderly. The incidence rate of scrub typhus was significantly higher in females. However, this difference was not seen in the other three diseases. The four diseases were mainly clustered in the middle-southern part of Shandong Province and the Shandong Peninsula. The annual incidence of SFTS and scrub typhus increased, typhus was relatively stable, and HGA declined. However, the range of SFTS expanded, while HGA shrunk, and typhus and scrub typhus were unchanged. The epidemic period of SFTS and HGA was from May to October, typhus was from October to November, and scrub typhus was from September to November. The fatality rates of SFTS, typhus, scrub typhus, and HGA were 9.19%, 0%, 0.01%, and 2.24%, respectively. Conclusions Our study described and analyzed the prevalence of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, and confirmed that age was closely related to the SFTS fatality rate. This study may help to improve the understanding of the prevalence of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province in recent years and to better develop accurate prevention and control strategies for natural-focal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liuchen Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Wen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Susceptibility of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) to experimental infection with the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006982. [PMID: 31276495 PMCID: PMC6636776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks, has spread widely since it was first detected in 2010. Although SFTSV-specific antibodies have been detected in wild birds, these natural reservoir and amplifying hosts for the virus have not been well studied. Methodology/Principle findings Here we report an experimental infection of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) with two strains of SFTSV, JS2010-14, a Chinese lineage strain, and JS2014-16, a Japanese lineage strain, which represent the main viral genotypes currently circulating in East Asia. In these studies, we have determined that spotted doves are susceptible to SFTSV and the severity of the viremia is dose-dependent. When challenged with 107 and 105 PFU, all doves developed viremia which peaked 3–5 days post infection (dpi). Only a subset (25–62.5%) of the birds developed viremia when challenged at 103 PFU. Virulence of SFTSV in spotted doves was strain dependent. Infection with 107 PFU of strain JS2014-16 resulted in 12.5% mortality over 6.8 days and mean peak viremia titers of 106.9 PFU/mL in experimentally inoculated birds. All doves inoculated with 107 PFU of the JS2010-14 strain survived infection with relatively lower mean viremia titers (105.6 PFU/mL at peak) over 6.1 days. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that spotted doves, one of the most abundant bird species in China, could be a competent amplifying host for SFTSV and play an important role in its ecology. Between the two SFTSV strains, the strain of the Japanese lineage caused mortality, higher viremia titers in infected birds over a longer time period than did the Chinese strain. Our observations shed light on the ecology of SFTSV, which could benefit the implementation of surveillance and control programs. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks. Our recent study has showed that some species of migratory birds, such as swan geese and spotted doves, can be parasitized by Haemaphysalis longicornis, an SFTSV vector, and antibodies against the SFTSV detected in these species. These data demonstrate that migratory birds are infected with SFTSV and may also play a role in the infection of ticks with SFTSV. Other studies have reported that migratory bird routes and the distribution of H. longicornis in East Asia overlap with the geographic distribution of SFTSV. Migratory birds are known to be carriers and transmitters of infectious agents, like the causative agents of influenza, West Nile encephalitis, and Lyme disease. Wild birds often travel long distances carrying various parasites, including ticks, which may be infected with viruses and bacteria. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that migratory birds may have played an important role in spreading SFTSV in two potential transmission scenarios: 1) birds are infected with the virus and transmit it back to ticks endemically or in a distal region, or 2) they are carriers of parasitic ticks that are infected with the virus. Here we report an experimental infection of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) with two strains of SFTSV, JS2010-14 from a Chinese lineage and JS2014-16 from a Japanese lineage, which represent the main viral genotypes currently circulating in East Asia. We determined that spotted doves are susceptible to SFTSV and that the severity of the viremia was dose and strain dependent. Infection with the strain of JS2014-16 led to a death rate of 12.5% and higher viremia titers in experimentally inoculated birds while doves inoculated with the JS2010-14 strain survived infection with relatively lower virus titers in the blood. These findings provide novel insights for understanding the rapid spread of the virus in a short time span, in particular the SFTSV strains from the Japanese lineage (genotype E).
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Jo YS, Kang JG, Chae JB, Cho YK, Shin JH, Jheong WH, Chae JS. Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks Collected from National Parks in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:284-289. [PMID: 30481146 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral disease in East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The causative agent of SFTS is the SFTS virus (SFTSV), which is transmitted by ticks. To investigate the prevalence of SFTSV in the ROK, a total of 9744 ticks were collected from vegetation in five national parks between July and November 2015. Of the collected adult and nymph ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis (68.44%) was the most abundant, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (29.66%), Ixodes nipponensis (1.56%), and Amblyomma testudinarium (0.34%). Collected larval ticks were of the genera Haemaphysalis (99.61%) and Ixodes (0.39%). One-step RT-PCR and nested PCR were used to detect SFTSV-specific genes from each individual adult and nymph tick and pooled larval ticks. SFTSV was detected in 4.77% (48/1006) in H. longicornis, 1.15% (5/436) in H. flava, 0% (0/23) in I. nipponensis, and 20% (1/5) in A. testudinarium. The infection rate of SFTSV in adult and nymph ticks was 3.61%. The prevalence of SFTSV in adult and nymph ticks was relatively high, compared with previous reports. In larval ticks, the minimum infection rate was 0.31%. SFTSV was detected in ticks collected from both trail and nontrail areas in the national parks, and up to 800 meters above sea level. The sequences obtained showed 99.4-99.7% homology with SFTS virus S segment sequences from Chinese and Japanese ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Jo
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Shin
- 2 Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- 2 Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Paris DH, Neumayr A. Ticks and tick-borne infections in Asia: Implications for travellers. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 26:3-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hu B, Cai K, Liu M, Li W, Xu J, Qiu F, Zhan J. Laboratory detection and molecular phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Hubei Province, central China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3243-3254. [PMID: 30136250 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Hubei Province is a major epidemic area for SFTS in China. In this study, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and serological testing (IgM) were used simultaneously for laboratory detection of SFTS; however, testing results showed poor consistency between these two methods. Further analysis revealed that time post-onset was the main factor leading to inconsistent results. Thus, qRT-PCR is unable to detect all SFTS cases, and serological testing is essential. Here, 15 strains of SFTSV were successfully isolated from serum samples of acute SFTSV infection and their complete genomes were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 15 SFTS virus strains clustered into four independent genotypes (A, B, D, and E), demonstrating that at least four genotypes of SFTSV have been co-circulating in Hubei Province. Furthermore, four strains of our isolates (HB2014-31, HB2014-35, HB2014-36, and HB2014-37) clustered in genotype E, which was the predominant genotype in Japan and South Korea. In this study, we identified multiple co-prevalent genotypes and confirmed the existence of genotype E viruses circulating in the Dabie Mountains of Hubei, central China. We concluded that SFTSV strains from Hubei exhibit most of the genetic diversity found in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Man Liu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, Hubei, China
| | - Junqiang Xu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Hu J, Shi C, Li Z, Guo X, Qian Y, Tan W, Li X, Qi X, Su X, Zhou M, Wang H, Jiao Y, Bao C. A cluster of cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus infection in China, 1996: A retrospective serological study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006603. [PMID: 29940000 PMCID: PMC6034904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cluster of eleven patients, including eight family members and three healthcare workers with fever and thrombocytopenia occurred in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province, China, from October to November 1996. However, the initial investigation failed to identify its etiology. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV), which was first discovered in 2009. The discovery of novel SFTSV resulted in our consideration to test SFTSV on the remaining samples of this cluster in September 2010. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological and clinical data of this cluster. The first case, one 55-year-old man with fulminant hemorrhagic diseases, died on October 14, 1996. His younger brother (the second case) developed similar hemorrhagic diseases after nursing him and then died on November 3. From November 4 to November 15, nine other patients, including six family members and three medical staffs, developed fever and thrombocytopenia after exposure to the second case. The sera of six patients were collected on November 24, 1996. IgM antibodies against SFTSV were detected in all of the six patients' sera using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while IgG antibodies were detected in one patient's serum using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). We also found that IgG antibodies against SFTSV were still detected in four surviving patients' sera 14 years after illness onset. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The mysterious pathogen of the cluster in 1996 was proved to be SFTSV on the basis of its epidemiological data, clinical data and serological results. It suggests that SFTSV has been circulating in China for more than 10 years before being identified in 2009, and SFTSV IgG antibodies can persist for up to 14 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiling Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Qian
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwen Tan
- Yixing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing, China
| | - Xian Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoju Su
- Zhangzhu Township Health Center, Yixing, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Jiao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (CB); (YJ)
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (CB); (YJ)
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