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Arreola J, López-Romero AE, Huerta M, Guzmán-Hernández ML, Pérez-Cornejo P. Insights into the function and regulation of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102891. [PMID: 38772195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The TMEM16A channel, a member of the TMEM16 protein family comprising chloride (Cl-) channels and lipid scramblases, is activated by the free intracellular Ca2+ increments produced by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release after GqPCRs or Ca2+ entry through cationic channels. It is a ubiquitous transmembrane protein that participates in multiple physiological functions essential to mammals' lives. TMEM16A structure contains two identical 10-segment monomers joined at their transmembrane segment 10. Each monomer harbours one independent hourglass-shaped pore gated by Ca2+ ligation to an orthosteric site adjacent to the pore and controlled by two gates. The orthosteric site is created by assembling negatively charged glutamate side chains near the pore´s cytosolic end. When empty, this site generates an electrostatic barrier that controls channel rectification. In addition, an isoleucine-triad forms a hydrophobic gate at the boundary of the cytosolic vestibule and the inner side of the neck. When the cytosolic Ca2+ rises, one or two Ca2+ ions bind to the orthosteric site in a voltage (V)-dependent manner, thus neutralising the electrostatic barrier and triggering an allosteric gating mechanism propagating via transmembrane segment 6 to the hydrophobic gate. These coordinated events lead to pore opening, allowing the Cl- flux to ensure the physiological response. The Ca2+-dependent function of TMEM16A is highly regulated. Anions with higher permeability than Cl- facilitate V dependence by increasing the Ca2+ sensitivity, intracellular protons can replace Ca2+ and induce channel opening, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate bound to four cytosolic sites likely maintains Ca2+ sensitivity. Additional regulation is afforded by cytosolic proteins, most likely by phosphorylation and protein-protein interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arreola
- Jorge Arreola, Physics Institute of Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Parque Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosí, SLP., Mexico.
| | - Ana Elena López-Romero
- Jorge Arreola, Physics Institute of Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Parque Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosí, SLP., Mexico
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Jorge Arreola, Physics Institute of Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Parque Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosí, SLP., Mexico
| | - María Luisa Guzmán-Hernández
- Catedrática CONAHCYT, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Ave. V. Carranza 2905, Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Cornejo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Ave. V. Carranza 2905, Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico
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Ljungholm PL, Ermund A, Söderlund Garsveden MM, Pettersson VL, Gustafsson JK. The anion exchanger slc26a3 regulates colonic mucus expansion during steady state and in response to prostaglandin E 2, while Cftr regulates de novo mucus release in response to carbamylcholine. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02975-4. [PMID: 38829391 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is covered by mucus that protects the tissue from the luminal content. Studies have shown that anion secretion via the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (Cftr) regulates mucus formation in the small intestine. However, mechanisms regulating mucus formation in the colon are less understood. The aim of this study was to explore the role of anion transport in the regulation of mucus formation during steady state and in response to carbamylcholine (CCh) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The broad-spectrum anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS), CftrdF508 (CF) mice, and the slc26a3 inhibitor SLC26A3-IN-2 were used to inhibit anion transport. In the distal colon, steady-state mucus expansion was reduced by SLC26A3-IN-2 and normal in CF mice. PGE2 stimulated mucus expansion without de novo mucus release in wild type (WT) and CF colon via slc26a3 sensitive mechanisms, while CCh induced de novo mucus secretion in WT but not in CF colon. However, when added simultaneously, CCh and PGE2 stimulated de novo mucus secretion in the CF colon via DIDS-sensitive pathways. A similar response was observed in CF ileum that responded to CCh and PGE2 with DIDS-sensitive de novo mucus secretion. In conclusion, this study suggests that slc26a3 regulates colonic mucus expansion, while Cftr regulates CCh-induced de novo mucus secretion from ileal and distal colon crypts. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that in the absence of a functional Cftr channel, parallel stimulation with CCh and PGE2 activates additional anion transport processes that help release mucus from intestinal goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L Ljungholm
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Victor L Pettersson
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Schreiber R, Ousingsawat J, Kunzelmann K. The anoctamins: Structure and function. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102885. [PMID: 38642428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When activated by increase in intracellular Ca2+, anoctamins (TMEM16 proteins) operate as phospholipid scramblases and as ion channels. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is the Ca2+-activated epithelial anion-selective channel that is coexpressed together with the abundant scramblase ANO6 and additional intracellular anoctamins. In salivary and pancreatic glands, ANO1 is tightly packed in the apical membrane and secretes Cl-. Epithelia of airways and gut use cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as an apical Cl- exit pathway while ANO1 supports Cl- secretion mainly by facilitating activation of luminal CFTR and basolateral K+ channels. Under healthy conditions ANO1 modulates intracellular Ca2+ signals by tethering the endoplasmic reticulum, and except of glands its direct secretory contribution as Cl- channel might be small, compared to CFTR. In the kidneys ANO1 supports proximal tubular acid secretion and protein reabsorption and probably helps to excrete HCO3-in the collecting duct epithelium. However, under pathological conditions as in polycystic kidney disease, ANO1 is strongly upregulated and may cause enhanced proliferation and cyst growth. Under pathological condition, ANO1 and ANO6 are upregulated and operate as secretory channel/phospholipid scramblases, partly by supporting Ca2+-dependent processes. Much less is known about the role of other epithelial anoctamins whose potential functions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Reyne N, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Schreiber R, diStefano G, Römermann D, Seidler U, Donnelley M, Kunzelmann K. Inhibition of mucus secretion by niclosamide and benzbromarone in airways and intestine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1464. [PMID: 38233410 PMCID: PMC10794189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A (anoctamin 1; ANO1) is expressed in secretory epithelial cells of airways and intestine. Previous studies provided evidence for a role of ANO1 in mucus secretion. In the present study we investigated the effects of the two ANO1-inhibitors niclosamide (Niclo) and benzbromarone (Benz) in vitro and in vivo in mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. In human CF airway epithelial cells (CFBE), Ca2+ increase and activation of ANO1 by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or ionomycin was strongly inhibited by 200 nM Niclo and 1 µM Benz. In asthmatic mice airway mucus secretion was inhibited by intratracheal instillation of Niclo or Benz. In homozygous F508del-cftr mice, intestinal mucus secretion and infiltration by CD45-positive cells was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of Niclo (13 mg/kg/day for 7 days). In homozygous F508del-cftr rats intestinal mucus secretion was inhibited by oral application of Benz (5 mg/kg/day for 60 days). Taken together, well tolerated therapeutic concentrations of niclosamide and benzbromarone corresponding to plasma levels of treated patients, inhibit ANO1 and intracellular Ca2+ signals and may therefore be useful in inhibiting mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction in airways and intestine of patients suffering from asthma and CF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriella diStefano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Römermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Kunzelmann K, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Talbi K, Seidler U, Schreiber R. SLC26A9 in airways and intestine: secretion or absorption? Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2186434. [PMID: 36866602 PMCID: PMC9988340 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2186434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9 is one out of 11 proteins that belong to the SLC26A family of anion transporters. Apart from expression in the gastrointestinal tract, SLC26A9 is also found in the respiratory system, in male tissues and in the skin. SLC26A9 has gained attention because of its modifier role in the gastrointestinal manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF). SLC26A9 appears to have an impact on the extent of intestinal obstruction caused by meconium ileus. SLC26A9 supports duodenal bicarbonate secretion, but was assumed to provide a basal Cl- secretory pathway in airways. However, recent results show that basal airway Cl- secretion is due to cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR), while SLC26A9 may rather secrete HCO3-, thereby maintaining proper airway surface liquid (ASL) pH. Moreover, SLC26A9 does not secrete but probably supports reabsorption of fluid particularly in the alveolar space, which explains early death by neonatal distress in Slc26a9-knockout animals. While the novel SLC26A9 inhibitor S9-A13 helped to unmask the role of SLC26A9 in the airways, it also provided evidence for an additional role in acid secretion by gastric parietal cells. Here we discuss recent data on the function of SLC26A9 in airways and gut, and how S9-A13 may be useful in unraveling the physiological role of SLC26A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
- CONTACT Karl Kunzelmann
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, Germany
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Kraus A, Park JH, Marquardt T, Schreiber R, Buchholz B. Pathogenic Relationships in Cystic Fibrosis and Renal Diseases: CFTR, SLC26A9 and Anoctamins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13278. [PMID: 37686084 PMCID: PMC10487509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cl--transporting proteins CFTR, SLC26A9, and anoctamin (ANO1; ANO6) appear to have more in common than initially suspected, as they all participate in the pathogenic process and clinical outcomes of airway and renal diseases. In the present review, we will therefore concentrate on recent findings concerning electrolyte transport in the airways and kidneys, and the role of CFTR, SLC26A9, and the anoctamins ANO1 and ANO6. Special emphasis will be placed on cystic fibrosis and asthma, as well as renal alkalosis and polycystic kidney disease. In essence, we will summarize recent evidence indicating that CFTR is the only relevant secretory Cl- channel in airways under basal (nonstimulated) conditions and after stimulation by secretagogues. Information is provided on the expressions of ANO1 and ANO6, which are important for the correct expression and function of CFTR. In addition, there is evidence that the Cl- transporter SLC26A9 expressed in the airways may have a reabsorptive rather than a Cl--secretory function. In the renal collecting ducts, bicarbonate secretion occurs through a synergistic action of CFTR and the Cl-/HCO3- transporter SLC26A4 (pendrin), which is probably supported by ANO1. Finally, in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the secretory function of CFTR in renal cyst formation may have been overestimated, whereas ANO1 and ANO6 have now been shown to be crucial in ADPKD and therefore represent new pharmacological targets for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Julien H. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.H.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.B.)
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Nickerson AJ, Rajendran VM. Dietary Na + depletion up-regulates NKCC1 expression and enhances electrogenic Cl - secretion in rat proximal colon. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:209. [PMID: 37458846 PMCID: PMC11073443 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The corticosteroid hormone, aldosterone, markedly enhances K+ secretion throughout the colon, a mechanism critical to its role in maintaining overall K+ balance. Previous studies demonstrated that basolateral NKCC1 was up-regulated by aldosterone in the distal colon specifically to support K+ secretion-which is distinct from the more well-established role of NKCC1 in supporting luminal Cl- secretion. However, considerable segmental variability exists between proximal and distal colonic ion transport processes, especially concerning their regulation by aldosterone. Furthermore, delineating such region-specific effects has important implications for the management of various gastrointestinal pathologies. Experiments were therefore designed to determine whether aldosterone similarly up-regulates NKCC1 in the proximal colon to support K+ secretion. Using dietary Na+ depletion as a model of secondary hyperaldosteronism in rats, we found that proximal colon NKCC1 expression was indeed enhanced in Na+-depleted (i.e., hyperaldosteronemic) rats. Surprisingly, electrogenic K+ secretion was not detectable by short-circuit current (ISC) measurements in response to either basolateral bumetanide (NKCC1 inhibitor) or luminal Ba2+ (non-selective K+ channel blocker), despite enhanced K+ secretion in Na+-depleted rats, as measured by 86Rb+ fluxes. Expression of BK and IK channels was also found to be unaltered by dietary Na+ depletion. However, bumetanide-sensitive basal and agonist-stimulated Cl- secretion (ISC) were significantly enhanced by Na+ depletion, as was CFTR Cl- channel expression. These data suggest that NKCC1-dependent secretory pathways are differentially regulated by aldosterone in proximal and distal colon. Development of therapeutic strategies in treating pathologies related to aberrant colonic K+/Cl- transport-such as pseudo-obstruction or ulcerative colitis-may benefit from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Nickerson
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, S929 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vazhaikkurichi M Rajendran
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Talbi K, Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. KCNE1 does not shift TMEM16A from a Ca 2+ dependent to a voltage dependent Cl - channel and is not expressed in renal proximal tubule. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02829-5. [PMID: 37442855 PMCID: PMC10359377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The TMEM16A (ANO1) Cl- channel is activated by Ca2+ in a voltage-dependent manner. It is broadly expressed and was shown to be also present in renal proximal tubule (RPT). KCNQ1 is an entirely different K+ selective channel that forms the cardiac IKS potassium channel together with its ß-subunit KCNE1. Surprisingly, KCNE1 has been claimed to interact with TMEM16A, and to be required for activation of TMEM16A in mouse RPT. Interaction with KCNE1 was reported to switch TMEM16A from a Ca22+-dependent to a voltage-dependent ion channel. Here we demonstrate that KCNE1 is not expressed in mouse RPT. TMEM16A expressed in RPT is activated by angiotensin II and ATP in a KCNE1-independent manner. Coexpression of KCNE1 does not change TMEM16A to a voltage gated Cl- channel and Ca2+-dependent regulation of TMEM16A is fully maintained in the presence of KCNE1. While overexpressed KCNE1 slightly affects Ca2+-dependent regulation of TMEM16A, the data provide no evidence for KCNE1 being an auxiliary functional subunit for TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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9
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Centeio R, Cabrita I, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A/F support exocytosis but do not inhibit Notch-mediated goblet cell metaplasia of BCi-NS1.1 human airway epithelium. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1157704. [PMID: 37234411 PMCID: PMC10206426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1157704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cl- channels such as the Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A and the Cl- permeable phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F may affect the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i), which could act as an intracellular signal. Loss of airway expression of TMEM16A induced a massive expansion of the secretory cell population like goblet and club cells, causing differentiation into a secretory airway epithelium. Knockout of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel TMEM16A or the phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F leads to mucus accumulation in intestinal goblet cells and airway secretory cells. We show that both TMEM16A and TMEM16F support exocytosis and release of exocytic vesicles, respectively. Lack of TMEM16A/F expression therefore causes inhibition of mucus secretion and leads to goblet cell metaplasia. The human basal epithelial cell line BCi-NS1.1 forms a highly differentiated mucociliated airway epithelium when grown in PneumaCult™ media under an air liquid interface. The present data suggest that mucociliary differentiation requires activation of Notch signaling, but not the function of TMEM16A. Taken together, TMEM16A/F are important for exocytosis, mucus secretion and formation of extracellular vesicles (exosomes or ectosomes) but the present data do no not support a functional role of TMEM16A/F in Notch-mediated differentiation of BCi-NS1.1 cells towards a secretory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Kerschner JL, Paranjapye A, Schacht M, Meckler F, Huang F, Bebek G, Van Wettere AJ, Regouski M, Perisse IV, White KL, Polejaeva IA, Leir SH, Harris A. Transcriptomic analysis of lung development in wildtype and CFTR -/- sheep suggests an early inflammatory signature in the CF distal lung. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:135. [PMID: 37085733 PMCID: PMC10121546 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The precise molecular events initiating human lung disease are often poorly characterized. Investigating prenatal events that may underlie lung disease in later life is challenging in man, but insights from the well-characterized sheep model of lung development are valuable. Here, we determine the transcriptomic signature of lung development in wild-type sheep (WT) and use a sheep model of cystic fibrosis (CF) to characterize disease associated changes in gene expression through the pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung growth and differentiation. Using gene ontology process enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes at each developmental time point, we define changes in biological processes (BP) in proximal and distal lung from WT or CF animals. We also compare divergent BP in WT and CF animals at each time point. Next, we establish the developmental profile of key genes encoding components of ion transport and innate immunity that are pivotal in CF lung disease and validate transcriptomic data by RT-qPCR. Consistent with the known pro-inflammatory phenotype of the CF lung after birth, we observe upregulation of inflammatory response processes in the CF sheep distal lung during the saccular stage of prenatal development. These data suggest early commencement of therapeutic regimens may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makayla Schacht
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Frederick Meckler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Felix Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UH, USA
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UH, USA
| | - Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UH, USA
| | - Kenneth L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UH, USA
| | - Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UH, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Hegyi P, Seidler U, Kunzelmann K. CFTR-beyond the airways: Recent findings on the role of the CFTR channel in the pancreas, the intestine and the kidneys. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S17-S22. [PMID: 36621373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With increased longevity of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, and widespread lung transplantation facilities, the sequelae of defective CFTR in other organs than the airways come to the fore. This minireview highlights recent scientific progress in the understanding of CFTR function in the pancreas, the intestine and the kidney, and explores potential therapeutic strategies to combat defective CFTR function in these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Center for Translational Medicine and Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Regensburg University, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Drug repurposing and molecular mechanisms of the antihypertensive drug candesartan as a TMEM16A channel inhibitor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123839. [PMID: 36842737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and its pharmacological inhibitors can inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. However,the poor efficacy, safety, and stability of TMEM16A inhibitors limit the development of these agents. Therefore, finding new therapeutic directions from already marketed drugs is a feasible strategy to obtain safe and effective therapeutic drugs. Here, we screened a library contain more than 2400 FDA, EMA, and NMPA-approved drugs through virtual screening. We identified a drug candidate, candesartan (CDST), which showed strong inhibitory effect on the TMEM16A in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 24.40 ± 3.21 μM. In addition, CDST inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of LA795 cells targeting TMEM16A, and significantly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma tumor growth in vivo. The molecular mechanism of CDST inhibiting TMEM16A channel indicated it bound to R515/R535/E623/E624 in the drug pocket, thereby blocked the pore. In conclusion, we identified a novel TMEM16A channel inhibitor, CDST, which exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against lung adenocarcinoma. Considering that CDST has been used in clinical treatment of hypertension, it may play an important role in the combined treatment of hypertension and lung adenocarcinoma as a multi-target drug in the future.
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13
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Gonçalves AN, Moura RS, Correia-Pinto J, Nogueira-Silva C. Intraluminal chloride regulates lung branching morphogenesis: involvement of PIEZO1/PIEZO2. Respir Res 2023; 24:42. [PMID: 36740669 PMCID: PMC9901166 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental evidence shows lung fluid volume as a modulator of fetal lung growth with important value in treating fetal lung hypoplasia. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying these morphological dynamics has been the topic of multiple investigations with, however, limited results, partially due to the difficulty of capturing or recapitulating these movements in the lab. In this sense, this study aims to establish an ex vivo model allowing the study of lung fluid function in branching morphogenesis and identify the subsequent molecular/ cellular mechanisms. METHODS Ex vivo lung explant culture was selected as a model to study branching morphogenesis, and intraluminal injections were performed to change the composition of lung fluid. Distinct chloride (Cl-) concentrations (5.8, 29, 143, and 715 mM) or Cl- channels inhibitors [antracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor172 (CFTRinh), and calcium-dependent Cl- channel inhibitorA01 (CaCCinh)] were injected into lung lumen at two timepoints, day0 (D0) and D2. At D4, morphological and molecular analyses were performed in terms of branching morphogenesis, spatial distribution (immunofluorescence), and protein quantification (western blot) of mechanoreceptors (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2), neuroendocrine (bombesin, ghrelin, and PGP9.5) and smooth muscle [alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2)] markers. RESULTS For the first time, we described effective intraluminal injections at D0 and D2 and demonstrated intraluminal movements at D4 in ex vivo lung explant cultures. Through immunofluorescence assay in in vivo and ex vivo branching morphogenesis, we show that PGP9.5 colocalizes with PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 receptors. Fetal lung growth is increased at higher [Cl-], 715 mM Cl-, through the overexpression of PIEZO1, PIEZO2, ghrelin, bombesin, MLC2, and α-SMA. In contrast, intraluminal injection of CFTRinh or CaCCinh decreases fetal lung growth and the expression of PIEZO1, PIEZO2, ghrelin, bombesin, MLC2, and α-SMA. Finally, the inhibition of PIEZO1/PIEZO2 by GsMTx4 decreases branching morphogenesis and ghrelin, bombesin, MLC2, and α-SMA expression in an intraluminal injection-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify PIEZO1/PIEZO2 expressed in neuroendocrine cells as a regulator of fetal lung growth induced by lung fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana N. Gonçalves
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XSchool of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rute S. Moura
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XSchool of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XSchool of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
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14
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Yuan W, Cui CC, Li J, Xu YH, Fan CE, Chen YC, Fan HW, Hu BX, Shi MY, Sun ZY, Wang P, Ma TX, Zhang Z, Zhu MS, Chen HQ. Intracellular TMEM16A is necessary for myogenesis of skeletal muscle. iScience 2022; 25:105446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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15
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Kyrgiafini MA, Sarafidou T, Mamuris Z. The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs on Male Infertility: A Systematic Review and In Silico Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101510. [PMID: 36290414 PMCID: PMC9598197 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a complex disorder affecting many couples worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate important cellular processes; however, a comprehensive understanding of their role in male infertility is limited. This systematic review investigates the differential expressions of lncRNAs in male infertility or variations in lncRNA regions associated with it. The PRISMA guidelines were used to search Pubmed and Web of Science (1 June 2022). Inclusion criteria were human participants, patients diagnosed with male infertility, and English language speakers. We also performed an in silico analysis investigating lncRNAs that are reported in many subtypes of male infertility. A total of 625 articles were found, and after the screening and eligibility stages, 20 studies were included in the final sample. Many lncRNAs are deregulated in male infertility, and interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs play an important role. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the impact of variants found in lncRNA regions. Furthermore, eight lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in many subtypes of male infertility. After in silico analysis, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis of the genes targeted by them revealed their association with bladder and prostate cancer. However, pathways involved in general in tumorigenesis and cancer development of all types, such as p53 pathways, apoptosis, and cell death, were also enriched, indicating a link between cancer and male infertility. This evidence, however, is preliminary. Future research is needed to explore the exact mechanism of action of the identified lncRNAs and investigate the association between male infertility and cancer.
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16
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Carbon nanoparticles adversely affect CFTR expression and toxicologically relevant pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14255. [PMID: 35995803 PMCID: PMC9395428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that can lead to terminal respiratory failure. Ultrafine carbonaceous particles, which are ubiquitous in ambient urban and indoor air, are increasingly considered as major contributors to the global health burden of air pollution. However, their effects on the expression of CFTR and associated genes in lung epithelial cells have not yet been investigated. We therefore evaluated the effects of carbon nanoparticles (CNP), generated by spark-ablation, on the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o− at air–liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions. The ALI-cultured cells exhibited epithelial barrier integrity and increased CFTR expression. Following a 4-h exposure to CNP, the cells exhibited a decreased barrier integrity, as well as decreased expression of CFTR transcript and protein levels. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the CNP-exposed cells showed signs of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage. In conclusion, this study describes spark-ablated carbon nanoparticles in a realistic exposure of aerosols to decrease CFTR expression accompanied by transcriptomic signs of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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17
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Rodriguez TC, Zhong L, Simpson H, Gleason E. Reduced Expression of TMEM16A Impairs Nitric Oxide-Dependent Cl− Transport in Retinal Amacrine Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:937060. [PMID: 35966201 PMCID: PMC9363626 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.937060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic cytosolic Cl− concentration determines whether GABAergic and glycinergic synapses are inhibitory or excitatory. We have shown that nitric oxide (NO) initiates the release of Cl− from acidic internal stores into the cytosol of retinal amacrine cells (ACs) thereby elevating cytosolic Cl−. In addition, we found that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and Ca2+ elevations are necessary for the transient effects of NO on cytosolic Cl− levels, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of TMEM16A as a possible link between Ca2+ elevations and cytosolic Cl− release. TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel that is functionally coupled with CFTR in epithelia. Both proteins are also expressed in neurons. Based on this and its Ca2+ dependence, we test the hypothesis that TMEM16A participates in the NO-dependent elevation in cytosolic Cl− in ACs. Chick retina ACs express TMEM16A as shown by Western blot analysis, single-cell PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Electrophysiology experiments demonstrate that TMEM16A functions in amacrine cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A with T16inh-AO1 reduces the NO-dependent Cl− release as indicated by the diminished shift in the reversal potential of GABAA receptor-mediated currents. We confirmed the involvement of TMEM16A in the NO-dependent Cl− release using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown of TMEM16A. Two different modalities targeting the gene for TMEM16A (ANO1) were tested in retinal amacrine cells: an all-in-one plasmid vector and crRNA/tracrRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. The all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 modality did not change the expression of TMEM16A protein and produced no change in the response to NO. However, TMEM16A-specific crRNA/tracrRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein effectively reduces both TMEM16A protein levels and the NO-dependent shift in the reversal potential of GABA-gated currents. These results show that TMEM16A plays a role in the NO-dependent Cl− release from retinal ACs.
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18
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Keeler SP, Yantis J, Gerovac BJ, Youkilis SL, Podgorny S, Mao D, Zhang Y, Whitworth KM, Redel B, Samuel MS, Wells KD, Prather RS, Holtzman MJ. Chloride channel accessory 1 gene deficiency causes selective loss of mucus production in a new pig model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L842-L852. [PMID: 35438004 PMCID: PMC9142155 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00443.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases are linked to airway obstruction by mucus but there are still no specific, safe, and effective drugs to correct this phenotype. The need for better treatment requires a new understanding of the basis for mucus production. In that regard, studies of human airway epithelial cells in primary culture show that a mucin granule constituent known as chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) is required for inducible expression of the inflammatory mucin MUC5AC in response to potent type 2 cytokines. However, it remained uncertain whether CLCLA1 is necessary for mucus production in vivo. Conventional approaches to functional biology using targeted gene knockout were difficult due to the functional redundancy of additional Clca genes in mice not found in humans. We reasoned that CLCA1 function might be better addressed in pigs that maintain the same four-member CLCA gene locus and the corresponding mucosal and submucosal populations of mucous cells found in humans. Here we develop to our knowledge the first CLCA1-gene-deficient (CLCA1-/-) pig and show that these animals exhibit loss of MUC5AC+ mucous cells throughout the airway mucosa of the lung without affecting comparable cells in the tracheal mucosa or MUC5B+ mucous cells in submucosal glands. Similarly, CLCA1-/- pigs exhibit loss of MUC5AC+ mucous cells in the intestinal mucosa without affecting MUC2+ mucous cells. These data establish CLCA1 function for controlling MUC5AC expression as a marker of mucus production and provide a new animal model to study mucus production at respiratory and intestinal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P Keeler
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin J Gerovac
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Samuel L Youkilis
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephanie Podgorny
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dailing Mao
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yong Zhang
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristin M Whitworth
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bethany Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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19
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Wang Y, Hu X, Huang H, Jin Z, Gao J, Guo Y, Zhong Y, Li Z, Zong X, Wang K, Zhang L, Liu Z. Optimization of 4-arylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as inhibitors of ANO1: Lead optimization studies toward their analgesic efficacy for inflammatory pain. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Expression of SLC26A9 in Airways and Its Potential Role in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062998. [PMID: 35328418 PMCID: PMC8950296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9 is an epithelial anion transporter with a poorly defined function in airways. It is assumed to contribute to airway chloride secretion and airway surface hydration. However, immunohistochemistry showing precise localization of SLC26A9 in airways is missing. Some studies report localization near tight junctions, which is difficult to reconcile with a chloride secretory function of SLC26A9. We therefore performed immunocytochemistry of SLC26A9 in sections of human and porcine lungs. Obvious apical localization of SLC26A9 was detected in human and porcine superficial airway epithelia, whereas submucosal glands did not express SLC26A9. The anion transporter was located exclusively in ciliated epithelial cells. Highly differentiated BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells grown on permeable supports also expressed SLC26A9 in the apical membrane of ciliated epithelial cells. BCi-NS1 cells expressed the major Cl− transporting proteins CFTR, TMEM16A and SLC26A9 in about equal proportions and produced short-circuit currents activated by increases in intracellular cAMP or Ca2+. Both CFTR and SLC26A9 contribute to basal chloride currents in non-stimulated BCi-NS1 airway epithelia, with CFTR being the dominating Cl− conductance. In wtCFTR-expressing CFBE human airway epithelial cells, SLC26A9 was partially located in the plasma membrane, whereas CFBE cells expressing F508del-CFTR showed exclusive cytosolic localization of SLC26A9. Membrane localization of SLC26A9 and basal chloride currents were augmented by interleukin 13 in wild-type CFTR-expressing cells, but not in cells expressing the most common disease-causing mutant F508del-CFTR. The data suggest an upregulation of SLC26A9-dependent chloride secretion in asthma, but not in the presence of F508del-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)941-943-4302; Fax: +49-(0)941-943-4315
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21
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Polymodal Control of TMEM16x Channels and Scramblases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031580. [PMID: 35163502 PMCID: PMC8835819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16A/anoctamin-1 calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) contributes to a range of vital functions, such as the control of vascular tone and epithelial ion transport. The channel is a founding member of a family of 10 proteins (TMEM16x) with varied functions; some members (i.e., TMEM16A and TMEM16B) serve as CaCCs, while others are lipid scramblases, combine channel and scramblase function, or perform additional cellular roles. TMEM16x proteins are typically activated by agonist-induced Ca2+ release evoked by Gq-protein-coupled receptor (GqPCR) activation; thus, TMEM16x proteins link Ca2+-signalling with cell electrical activity and/or lipid transport. Recent studies demonstrate that a range of other cellular factors—including plasmalemmal lipids, pH, hypoxia, ATP and auxiliary proteins—also control the activity of the TMEM16A channel and its paralogues, suggesting that the TMEM16x proteins are effectively polymodal sensors of cellular homeostasis. Here, we review the molecular pathophysiology, structural biology, and mechanisms of regulation of TMEM16x proteins by multiple cellular factors.
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22
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Pinto MC, Botelho HM, Silva IAL, Railean V, Neumann B, Pepperkok R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K, Amaral MD. Systems Approaches to Unravel Molecular Function: High-content siRNA Screen Identifies TMEM16A Traffic Regulators as Potential Drug Targets for Cystic Fibrosis. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167436. [PMID: 34990652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An attractive approach to treat people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a life-shortening disease caused by mutant CFTR, is to compensate for the absence of this chloride/bicarbonate channel by activating alternative (non-CFTR) chloride channels. One obvious target for such "mutation-agnostic" therapeutic approach is TMEM16A (anoctamin-1/ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) which is also expressed in the airways of people with CF, albeit at low levels. To find novel TMEM16A regulators of both traffic and function, with the main goal of identifying candidate CF drug targets, we performed a fluorescence cell-based high-throughput siRNA microscopy screen for TMEM16A trafficking using a double-tagged construct expressed in human airway cells. About 700 genes were screened (2 siRNAs per gene) of which 262 were identified as candidate TMEM16A modulators (179 siRNAs enhanced and 83 decreased TMEM16A traffic), being G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) enriched on the primary hit list. Among the 179 TMEM16A traffic enhancer siRNAs subjected to secondary screening 20 were functionally validated. Further hit validation revealed that siRNAs targeting two GPCRs - ADRA2C and CXCR3 - increased TMEM16A-mediated chloride secretion in human airway cells, while their overexpression strongly diminished calcium-activated chloride currents in the same cell model. The knockdown, and likely also the inhibition, of these two TMEM16A modulators is therefore an attractive potential therapeutic strategy to increase chloride secretion in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C Pinto
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. https://twitter.com/madalenacfpinto
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Violeta Railean
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beate Neumann
- Cell Biology/Biophysics Unit, and ALMF, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology/Biophysics Unit, and ALMF, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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23
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Simões FB, Kmit A, Amaral MD. Cross-talk of inflammatory mediators and airway epithelium reveals the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as a major target. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00247-2021. [PMID: 34912883 PMCID: PMC8666577 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00247-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, mucus hyperproduction and epithelial remodelling are hallmarks of many chronic airway diseases, including asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis. While several cytokines are dysregulated in these diseases, most studies focus on the response of airways to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been shown to induce mucus hyperproduction and shift the airway epithelium towards a hypersecretory phenotype. We hypothesised that other cytokines might induce the expression of chloride (Cl-) channels/transporters, and regulate epithelial differentiation and mucus production. To this end, fully differentiated human airway basal cells (BCi-NS1.1) were treated with cytokines identified as dysregulated in those diseases, namely IL-8, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-22, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Our results show that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the main Cl- channel modulated by inflammation, in contrast to transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), whose levels only changed with IL-4. Furthermore, we identified novel roles for IL-10 and IL-22 by influencing epithelial differentiation towards ciliated cells and away from pulmonary ionocytes. In contrast, IL-1β and IL-4 reduced the number of ciliated cells while increasing club cells. Interestingly, while IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 upregulated CFTR expression, IL-4 was the only cytokine that increased both its function and the number of CFTR-expressing club cells, suggesting that this cell type may be the main contributor for CFTR function. Additionally, all cytokines assessed increased mucus production through a differential upregulation of MUC5AC and MUC5B transcript levels. This study reveals a novel insight into differentiation resulting from the cross-talk of inflammatory mediators and airway epithelial cells, which is particularly relevant for chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B Simões
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arthur Kmit
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Soni DK, Biswas R. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:767348. [PMID: 34819948 PMCID: PMC8606426 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently gained increasing consideration because of their versatile role as key regulators of gene expression. They adopt diverse mechanisms to regulate transcription and translation, and thereby, the function of the protein, which is associated with several major biological processes. For example, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways demand fine-tuning for the precise development of a specific tissue or organ. The deregulation of ncRNA expression is concomitant with multiple diseases, including lung diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we also discuss the emerging role of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for lung diseases. However, more investigations are required to explore miRNAs and lncRNAs interaction, and their function in the regulation of mRNA expression. Understanding these mechanisms might lead to early diagnosis and the development of novel therapeutics for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Pereira C, Mazein A, Farinha CM, Gray MA, Kunzelmann K, Ostaszewski M, Balaur I, Amaral MD, Falcao AO. CyFi-MAP: an interactive pathway-based resource for cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22223. [PMID: 34782688 PMCID: PMC8592983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening autosomal recessive disease caused by more than 2100 mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, generating variability in disease severity among individuals with CF sharing the same CFTR genotype. Systems biology can assist in the collection and visualization of CF data to extract additional biological significance and find novel therapeutic targets. Here, we present the CyFi-MAP-a disease map repository of CFTR molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in CF. Specifically, we represented the wild-type (wt-CFTR) and the F508del associated processes (F508del-CFTR) in separate submaps, with pathways related to protein biosynthesis, endoplasmic reticulum retention, export, activation/inactivation of channel function, and recycling/degradation after endocytosis. CyFi-MAP is an open-access resource with specific, curated and continuously updated information on CFTR-related pathways available online at https://cysticfibrosismap.github.io/ . This tool was developed as a reference CF pathway data repository to be continuously updated and used worldwide in CF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- LASIGE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- CIRI UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM, European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Université de Lyon, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, University Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Irina Balaur
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- CIRI UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM, European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Université de Lyon, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andre O Falcao
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- LASIGE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Ji W, Shi D, Shi S, Yang X, Chen Y, An H, Pang C. TMEM16A protein: calcium binding site and its activation mechanism. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1338-1348. [PMID: 34749600 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211105112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A mediates calcium-activated transmembrane flow of chloride ion and a variety of physiological functions. The binding of cytoplasmic calcium ions of TMEM16A and the consequent conformational changes of it are the key issues to explore the relationship between its structure and function. In recent years, researchers have explored this issue through electrophysiological experiment, structure resolving, molecular dynamic simulation and other methods. The structures of TMEM16 family members resolved by cryo-Electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallization provide the primarily basis for the investigation of the molecular mechanism of TMEM16A. However, the binding and activation mechanism of calcium ions in TMEM16A are still unclear and controversial. This review discusses four Ca2+ sensing sites of TMEM16A and analyze activation properties of TMEM16A by them, which will help to understand the structure-function relationship of TMEM16A and throw light on the molecular design targeting TMEM16A channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Donghong Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Sai Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Hailong An
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Chunli Pang
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
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27
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Huang EN, Quach H, Lee JA, Dierolf J, Moraes TJ, Wong AP. A Developmental Role of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:742891. [PMID: 34708042 PMCID: PMC8542926 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.742891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is a cAMP-activated anion channel that is critical for regulating fluid and ion transport across the epithelium. This process is disrupted in CF epithelia, and patients harbouring CF-causing mutations experience reduced lung function as a result, associated with the increased rate of mortality. Much progress has been made in CF research leading to treatments that improve CFTR function, including small molecule modulators. However, clinical outcomes are not necessarily mutation-specific as individuals harboring the same genetic mutation may present with varying disease manifestations and responses to therapy. This suggests that the CFTR protein may have alternative functions that remain under-appreciated and yet can impact disease. In this mini review, we highlight some notable research implicating an important role of CFTR protein during early lung development and how mutant CFTR proteins may impact CF airway disease pathogenesis. We also discuss recent novel cell and animal models that can now be used to identify a developmental cause of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Henry Quach
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Dierolf
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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TMEM16A/ANO1: Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112867. [PMID: 34831090 PMCID: PMC8616501 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common of rare hereditary diseases in Caucasians, and it is estimated to affect 75,000 patients globally. CF is a complex disease due to the multiplicity of mutations found in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene causing the CFTR protein to become dysfunctional. Correctors and potentiators have demonstrated good clinical outcomes for patients with specific gene mutations; however, there are still patients for whom those treatments are not suitable and require alternative CFTR-independent strategies. Although CFTR is the main chloride channel in the lungs, others could, e.g., anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A), compensate for the deficiency of CFTR. This review summarizes the current knowledge on calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) ANO1 and presents ANO1 as an exciting target in CF.
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Lukasiak A, Zajac M. The Distribution and Role of the CFTR Protein in the Intracellular Compartments. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110804. [PMID: 34832033 PMCID: PMC8618639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that mainly affects secretory organs in humans. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding CFTR with the most common phenylalanine deletion at position 508. CFTR is an anion channel mainly conducting Cl− across the apical membranes of many different epithelial cells, the impairment of which causes dysregulation of epithelial fluid secretion and thickening of the mucus. This, in turn, leads to the dysfunction of organs such as the lungs, pancreas, kidney and liver. The CFTR protein is mainly localized in the plasma membrane; however, there is a growing body of evidence that it is also present in the intracellular organelles such as the endosomes, lysosomes, phagosomes and mitochondria. Dysfunction of the CFTR protein affects not only the ion transport across the epithelial tissues, but also has an impact on the proper functioning of the intracellular compartments. The review aims to provide a summary of the present state of knowledge regarding CFTR localization and function in intracellular compartments, the physiological role of this localization and the consequences of protein dysfunction at cellular, epithelial and organ levels. An in-depth understanding of intracellular processes involved in CFTR impairment may reveal novel opportunities in pharmacological agents of cystic fibrosis.
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Bai W, Liu M, Xiao Q. The diverse roles of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels in inflammation. J Adv Res 2021; 33:53-68. [PMID: 34603778 PMCID: PMC8463915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ca2+-activated Cl- channels have diverse physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion of Cl- and fluid and sensation of pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes to the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TMEM16A in inflammation has not been clearly elucidated. Aim of review In this review, we aimed to provide comprehensive information regarding the roles of TMEM16A in inflammation by summarizing the mechanisms underlying TMEM16A expression and activation under inflammatory conditions, in addition to exploring the diverse inflammatory signaling pathways activated by TMEM16A. This review attempts to develop the idea that TMEM16A plays a diverse role in inflammatory processes and contributes to inflammatory diseases in a cellular environment-dependent manner. Key scientific concepts of review Multiple inflammatory mediators, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-6), histamine, bradykinin, and ATP/UTP, as well as bacterial and viral infections, promote TMEM16A expression and/or activity under inflammatory conditions. In addition, TMEM16A activates diverse inflammatory signaling pathways, including the IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the ERK signaling pathway, and contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. These diseases include airway inflammatory diseases, lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, and steatohepatitis. TMEM16A also plays multiple roles in inflammatory processes by increasing vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, promoting inflammatory cytokine release, and sensing inflammation-induced pain. Furthermore, TMEM16A plays its diverse pathological roles in different inflammatory diseases depending on the disease severity, proliferating status of the cells, and its interacting partners. We herein propose cellular environment-dependent mechanisms that explain the diverse roles of TMEM16A in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Calmodulin-Dependent Regulation of Overexpressed but Not Endogenous TMEM16A Expressed in Airway Epithelial Cells. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090723. [PMID: 34564540 PMCID: PMC8471323 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A by Ca2+/calmodulin (CAM) is discussed controversially. In the present study, we compared regulation of TMEM16A by Ca2+/calmodulin (holo-CAM), CAM-dependent kinase (CAMKII), and CAM-dependent phosphatase calcineurin in TMEM16A-overexpressing HEK293 cells and TMEM16A expressed endogenously in airway and colonic epithelial cells. The activator of the Ca2+/CAM-regulated K+ channel KCNN4, 1-EBIO, activated TMEM16A in overexpressing cells, but not in cells with endogenous expression of TMEM16A. Evidence is provided that CAM-interaction with TMEM16A modulates the Ca2+ sensitivity of the Cl− channel. Enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of overexpressed TMEM16A explains its activity at basal (non-elevated) intracellular Ca2+ levels. The present results correspond well to a recent report that demonstrates a Ca2+-unbound form of CAM (apo-CAM) that is pre-associated with TMEM16A and mediates a Ca2+-dependent sensitization of activation (and inactivation). However, when using activators or inhibitors for holo-CAM, CAMKII, or calcineurin, we were unable to detect a significant impact of CAM, and limit evidence for regulation by CAM-dependent regulatory proteins on receptor-mediated activation of endogenous TMEM16A in airway or colonic epithelial cells. We propose that regulatory properties of TMEM16A and and other members of the TMEM16 family as detected in overexpression studies, should be validated for endogenous TMEM16A and physiological stimuli such as activation of phospholipase C (PLC)-coupled receptors.
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Talbi K, Cabrita I, Kraus A, Hofmann S, Skoczynski K, Kunzelmann K, Buchholz B, Schreiber R. The chloride channel CFTR is not required for cyst growth in an ADPKD mouse model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21897. [PMID: 34473378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of bilateral renal cysts which enlarge continuously, leading to compression of adjacent intact nephrons. The growing cysts lead to a progressive decline in renal function. Cyst growth is driven by enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion into the cyst lumen. Chloride secretion is believed to occur mainly by the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), with some contribution by the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. However, our previous work suggested TMEM16A as a major factor for renal cyst formation. The contribution of CFTR to cyst formation has never been demonstrated in an adult ADPKD mouse model. We used mice with an inducible tubule-specific Pkd1 knockout, which consistently develop polycystic kidneys upon deletion of Pkd1. Cellular properties, ion currents, and cyst development in these mice were compared with that of mice carrying a co-deletion of Pkd1 and Cftr. Knockout of Cftr did not reveal any significant impact on cyst formation in the ADPKD mouse model. Furthermore, knockout of Cftr did not attenuate the largely augmented cell proliferation observed in Pkd1 knockout kidneys. Patch clamp analysis on primary renal epithelial cells lacking expression of Pkd1 indicated an only marginal contribution of CFTR to whole cell Cl- currents, which were clearly dominated by calcium-activated TMEM16A currents. In conclusion, CFTR does not essentially contribute to renal cyst formation in mice caused by deletion of Pkd1. Enhanced cell proliferation and chloride secretion is caused primarily by upregulation of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Talbi
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sascha Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Zhong L, Gleason EL. Adenylate Cyclase 1 Links Calcium Signaling to CFTR-Dependent Cytosolic Chloride Elevations in Chick Amacrine Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:726605. [PMID: 34456687 PMCID: PMC8385318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.726605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength and sign of synapses involving ionotropic GABA and glycine receptors are dependent upon the Cl- gradient. We have shown that nitric oxide (NO) elicits the release of Cl- from internal acidic stores in retinal amacrine cells (ACs); temporarily altering the Cl- gradient and the strength or even sign of incoming GABAergic or glycinergic synapses. The underlying mechanism for this effect of NO requires the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) but the link between NO and CFTR activation has not been determined. Here, we test the hypothesis that NO-dependent Ca2+ elevations activate the Ca2+-dependent adenylate cyclase 1 (AdC1) leading to activation of protein kinase A (PKA) whose activity is known to open the CFTR channel. Using the reversal potential of GABA-gated currents to monitor cytosolic Cl-, we established the requirement for Ca2+ elevations. Inhibitors of AdC1 suppressed the NO-dependent increases in cytosolic Cl- whereas inhibitors of other AdC subtypes were ineffective suggesting that AdC1 is involved. Inhibition of PKA also suppressed the action of NO. To address the sufficiency of this pathway in linking NO to elevations in cytosolic Cl-, GABA-gated currents were measured under internal and external zero Cl- conditions to isolate the internal Cl- store. Activators of the cAMP pathway were less effective than NO in producing GABA-gated currents. However, coupling the cAMP pathway activators with the release of Ca2+ from stores produced GABA-gated currents indistinguishable from those stimulated with NO. Together, these results demonstrate that cytosolic Ca2+ links NO to the activation of CFTR and the elevation of cytosolic Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Evanna L Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Pinto MC, Silva IAL, Figueira MF, Amaral MD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:693-723. [PMID: 34326672 PMCID: PMC8316759 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia. Despite clinical progress in delaying disease progression with symptomatic therapies, these individuals still develop various chronic complications in lungs and other organs, which significantly restricts their life expectancy and quality of life. The development of high-throughput assays to screen drug-like compound libraries have enabled the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulator therapies. These novel therapies target the primary defect underlying CF and are now approved for clinical use for individuals with specific CF genotypes. However, the clinically approved modulators only partially reverse CFTR dysfunction and there is still a considerable number of individuals with CF carrying rare CFTR mutations who remain without any effective CFTR modulator therapy. Accordingly, additional efforts have been pursued to identify novel and more potent CFTR modulators that may benefit a larger CF population. The use of ex vivo individual-derived specimens has also become a powerful tool to evaluate novel drugs and predict their effectiveness in a personalized medicine approach. In addition to CFTR modulators, pro-drugs aiming at modulating alternative ion channels/transporters are under development to compensate for the lack of CFTR function. These therapies may restore normal mucociliary clearance through a mutation-agnostic approach (ie, independent of CFTR mutation) and include inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), modulators of the calcium-activated channel transmembrane 16A (TMEM16, or anoctamin 1) or of the solute carrier family 26A member 9 (SLC26A9), and anionophores. The present review focuses on recent progress and challenges for the development of ion channel/transporter-modulating drugs for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C Pinto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miriam F Figueira
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Mucus Release and Airway Constriction by TMEM16A May Worsen Pathology in Inflammatory Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157852. [PMID: 34360618 PMCID: PMC8346050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Ca2+ activated Cl− channel TMEM16A is proposed as a treatment in inflammatory airway disease. It is assumed that activation of TMEM16A will induce electrolyte secretion, and thus reduce airway mucus plugging and improve mucociliary clearance. A benefit of activation of TMEM16A was shown in vitro and in studies in sheep, but others reported an increase in mucus production and airway contraction by activation of TMEM16A. We analyzed expression of TMEM16A in healthy and inflamed human and mouse airways and examined the consequences of activation or inhibition of TMEM16A in asthmatic mice. TMEM16A was found to be upregulated in the lungs of patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, as well as in the airways of asthmatic mice. Activation or potentiation of TMEM16A by the compounds Eact or brevenal, respectively, induced acute mucus release from airway goblet cells and induced bronchoconstriction in mice in vivo. In contrast, niclosamide, an inhibitor of TMEM16A, blocked mucus production and mucus secretion in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of airway epithelial cells with niclosamide strongly inhibited expression of the essential transcription factor of Th2-dependent inflammation and goblet cell differentiation, SAM pointed domain-containing ETS-like factor (SPDEF). Activation of TMEM16A in people with inflammatory airway diseases is likely to induce mucus secretion along with airway constriction. In contrast, inhibitors of TMEM16A may suppress pulmonary Th2 inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction, partially by inhibiting expression of SPDEF.
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Harris A. Human molecular genetics and the long road to treating cystic fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R264-R273. [PMID: 34245257 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative gene in cystic fibrosis was identified in 1989, three years before the publication of the first issue of Human Molecular Genetics. CFTR was among the first genes underlying a common inherited disorder to be cloned, and hence its subsequent utilization towards a cure for CF provides a roadmap for other monogenic diseases. Over the past 30 years the advances that built upon knowledge of the gene and the CFTR protein to develop effective therapeutics have been remarkable, and yet the setbacks have also been challenging. Technological progress in other fields has often circumvented the barriers. This review focuses on key aspects of CF diagnostics and current approaches to develop new therapies for all CFTR mutations. It also highlights the major research advances that underpinned progress towards treatments, and considers the remaining obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Harada Y, Sekine H, Kubota K, Sadatomi D, Iizuka S, Fujitsuka N. Calcium-activated chloride channel is involved in the onset of diarrhea triggered by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111860. [PMID: 34246954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are mainly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer; however, adverse effects such as severe diarrhea represent a major obstacle towards the continuation of EGFR-TKIs therapy. Chloride channels, which control the fluid flow in the intestinal lumen, are proposed as an important target to remediate EGFR-TKIs-induced diarrhea, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism underlying EGFR-TKIs-induced diarrhea with a particular focus on the role of intestinal chloride channels. Here, we show that osimertinib-treated rats exhibit diarrhea and an increase in fecal water content without showing any severe histopathological changes. This diarrhea was attenuated by intraperitoneal treatment with the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) inhibitor CaCCinh-A01. These findings were confirmed in afatinib-treated rats with diarrhea. Moreover, treatment with the Japanese traditional herbal medicine, hangeshashinto (HST), decreased fecal water content and improved fecal appearance in rats treated with EGFR-TKIs. HST inhibited the ionomycin-induced CaCC activation in HEK293 cells in patch-clamp current experiments and its active ingredients were identified. In conclusion, secretory diarrhea induced by treatment with EGFR-TKIs might be partially mediated by the activation of CaCC. Therefore, blocking the CaCC could be a potential new treatment for EGFR-TKI-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Harada
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sekine
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kunitsugu Kubota
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Daichi Sadatomi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Seiichi Iizuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
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Henckels KA, Fong D, Phillips JE. Development of a QPatch-Automated Electrophysiology Assay for Identifying TMEM16A Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 18:134-147. [PMID: 32319819 PMCID: PMC7268545 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, is involved in airway hydration and bronchoconstriction and is a promising target for respiratory disease. Drug development efforts around channels require an electrophysiology-based assay for identifying inhibitors or activators. TMEM16A has proven to be a difficult channel to record on automated electrophysiology platforms due to its propensity for rundown. We developed an automated, whole-cell, electrophysiology assay on the QPatch-48 to evaluate small-molecule inhibitors of TMEM16A. In this assay, currents remained stable for a duration of roughly 11 min, allowing for the cumulative addition of five concentrations of compounds and resulted in reproducible IC50s. The absence of rundown was likely due to a low internal free-calcium level of 250 nM, which was high enough to produce large currents, but also maintained the voltage dependence of the channel. Current amplitude averaged 6 nA using the single-hole QPlate and the channel maintained outward rectification throughout the recording. Known TMEM16A inhibitors were tested and their IC50s aligned with those reported in the literature using manual patch-clamp. Once established, this assay was used to validate novel TMEM16A inhibitors that were identified in our high-throughput fluorescent-based assay, as well as to assist in structure–activity relationship efforts by the chemists. Overall, we demonstrate an easy to operate, reproducible, automated electrophysiology assay using the QPatch-48 for TMEM16A drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Henckels
- Department of Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - David Fong
- Department of Inflammation Discovery Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jonathan E Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Discovery Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang K. The Ca 2+-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: An emerging therapeutic target for epithelium-originated diseases? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1412-1433. [PMID: 34221860 PMCID: PMC8245819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) or TMEM16A gene encodes a member of Ca2+ activated Cl– channels (CaCCs) that are critical for physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal transduction. The attraction and interest in ANO1/TMEM16A arise from a decade long investigations that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ANO1 is involved in many pathological phenotypes and diseases, including asthma, neuropathic pain, hypertension and cancer. However, the lack of specific modulators of ANO1 has impeded the efforts to validate ANO1 as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the recent progress made in understanding of the pathophysiological functions of CaCC ANO1 and the current modulators used as pharmacological tools, hopefully illustrating a broad spectrum of ANO1 channelopathy and a path forward for this target validation.
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Key Words
- ANO1
- ANO1, anoctamin-1
- ASM, airway smooth muscle
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CAMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Ca2+-activated Cl– channels (CaCCs)
- CaCCinh-A01
- CaCCs, Ca2+ activated chloride channels
- Cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drug target
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channels
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FRT, fisher rat thyroid
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, interstitial cells of Cajal
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PAR2, protease activated receptor 2
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- T16Ainh-A01
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TMEM16A
- VGCC, voltage gated calcium channel
- VRAC, volume regulated anion channel
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Corresponding authors.
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CLCA1 Regulates Airway Mucus Production and Ion Secretion Through TMEM16A. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105133. [PMID: 34066250 PMCID: PMC8151571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and its regulator, CLCA1, are associated with inflammatory airway disease and goblet cell metaplasia. CLCA1 is a secreted protein with protease activity that was demonstrated to enhance membrane expression of TMEM16A. Expression of CLCA1 is particularly enhanced in goblet cell metaplasia and is associated with various lung diseases. However, mice lacking expression of CLCA1 showed the same degree of mucous cell metaplasia and airway hyperreactivity as asthmatic wild-type mice. To gain more insight into the role of CLCA1, we applied secreted N-CLCA1, produced in vitro, to mice in vivo using intratracheal instillation. We observed no obvious upregulation of TMEM16A membrane expression by CLCA1 and no differences in ATP-induced short circuit currents (Iscs). However, intraluminal mucus accumulation was observed by treatment with N-CLCA1 that was not seen in control animals. The effects of N-CLCA1 were augmented in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Mucus production induced by N-CLCA1 in polarized BCi-NS1 human airway epithelial cells was dependent on TMEM16A expression. IL-13 upregulated expression of CLCA1 and enhanced mucus production, however, without enhancing purinergic activation of Isc. In contrast to polarized airway epithelial cells and mouse airways, which express very low levels of TMEM16A, nonpolarized airway cells express large amounts of TMEM16A protein and show strong CaCC. The present data show an only limited contribution of TMEM16A to airway ion secretion but suggest a significant role of both CLCA1 and TMEM16A for airway mucus secretion.
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Cabrita I, Talbi K, Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R. Loss of PKD1 and PKD2 share common effects on intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. Cell Calcium 2021; 97:102413. [PMID: 33915319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD) multiple bilateral renal cysts gradually enlarge causing a decline in renal function. Transepithelial chloride secretion through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement. We demonstrated recently that a loss of PKD1 increases expression and function of TMEM16A in murine kidneys and in mouse M1 collecting duct cells. The data demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes essentially to cyst growth by upregulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Enhanced expression of TMEM16A and Ca2+ signaling increased both cell proliferation and fluid secretion, which suggested inhibition of TMEM16A as a novel therapy in ADPKD. About 15 % of all ADPKD cases are caused by mutations in PKD2. To analyze the effects of loss of function of PKD2 on Ca2+ signaling, we knocked-down Pkd2 in mouse primary renal epithelial cells in the present study, using viral transfection of shRNA. Unlike in Pkd1-/- cells, knockdown of PKD2 lowered basal Ca2+ and augmented store-operated Ca2+ entry, which was both independent of TMEM16A. However, disease causing purinergic Ca2+ store release was enhanced, similar to that observed in Pkd1-/- renal epithelial cells. The present data suggest pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A as a treatment in ADPKD caused by mutations in both PKD1 and PKD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Saha T, Aoun J, Hayashi M, Ali SI, Sarkar P, Bag PK, Leblanc N, Ameen N, Woodward OM, Hoque KM. Intestinal TMEM16A control luminal chloride secretion in a NHERF1 dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100912. [PMID: 33537462 PMCID: PMC7838733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A (Transmembrane protein 16A or Anoctamin1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel. (CaCC),that exerts critical roles in epithelial secretion. However, its localization, function, and regulation in intestinal chloride (Cl−) secretion remain obscure. Here, we show that TMEM16A protein abundance correlates with Cl− secretion in different regions of native intestine activated by the Ca2+-elevating muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCH). Basal, as well as both cAMP- and CCH-stimulated Isc, was largely reduced in Ano1 ± mouse intestine. We found CCH was not able to increase Isc in the presence of apical to serosal Cl− gradient, strongly supporting TMEM16A as primarily a luminal Cl− channel. Immunostaining demonstrated apical localization of TMEM16A where it colocalized with NHERF1 in mouse colonic tissue. Cellular depletion of NHERF1 in human colonic T84 cells caused a significant reduction of both cAMP- and CCH-stimulated Isc. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NHERF1 forms a complex with TMEM16A through a PDZ-based interaction. We conclude that TMEM16A is a luminal Cl− channel in the intestine that functionally interacts with CFTR via PDZ-based interaction of NHERF1 for efficient and specific cholinergic stimulation of intestinal Cl− secretion. TMEM16A express apically and operate Cl− secretion in mouse intestinal tissue. TMEM16A potentially interacts with NHERF1 via its C-terminal PDZ binding motif. TMEM16A-NHERF1 complex is requisite for cAMP and Ca2+ mediated apical Cl− secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tultul Saha
- Pathophysiology Division, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Joydeep Aoun
- Pathophysiology Division, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.,Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Cardiovascular Research, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Mikio Hayashi
- Dept. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Sheikh Irshad Ali
- Pathophysiology Division, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Paramita Sarkar
- Pathophysiology Division, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Bag
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Normand Leblanc
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Cardiovascular Research, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Nadia Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazi Mirajul Hoque
- Pathophysiology Division, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.,Dept. of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Wanitchakool P, Lerias J, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A Mediates Mucus Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:50-58. [PMID: 33026825 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that was shown to enhance production and secretion of mucus in inflamed airways. It is, however, not clear whether TMEM16A directly supports mucus production, or whether mucin and TMEM16A are upregulated independently during inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined this question using BCi-NS1 cells, a human airway basal cell line that maintains multipotent differentiation capacity, and the two human airway epithelial cell lines, Calu-3 and CFBE. The data demonstrate that exposure of airway epithelial cells to IL-8 and IL-13, two cytokines known to be enhanced in CF and asthma, respectively, leads to an increase in mucus production. Expression of MUC5AC was fully dependent on expression of TMEM16A, as shown by siRNA knockdown of TMEM16A. In addition, different inhibitors of TMEM16A attenuated IL-13-induced mucus production. Interestingly, in CFBE cells expressing F508 delCFTR, IL-13 was unable to upregulate membrane expression of TMEM16A or Ca2+-activated whole cell currents. The regulator of TMEM16A, CLCA1, strongly augmented both Ca2+- and cAMP-activated Cl- currents in cells expressing wtCFTR but failed to augment membrane expression of TMEM16A in F508 delCFTR-expressing CFBE cells. The data confirm the functional relationship between CFTR and TMEM16A and suggest an impaired upregulation of TMEM16A by IL-13 or CLCA1 in cells expressing the most frequent CF-causing mutation F508 delCFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joana Lerias
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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De Palma FDE, Raia V, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC. The Multifaceted Roles of MicroRNAs in Cystic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1102. [PMID: 33348555 PMCID: PMC7765910 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lifelong disorder affecting 1 in 3500 live births worldwide. It is a monogenetic autosomal recessive disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the impairment of which leads to ionic disequilibria in exocrine organs. This translates into a chronic multisystemic disease characterized by airway obstruction, respiratory infections, and pancreatic insufficiency as well as hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Molecular characterization of the mutational heterogeneity of CFTR (affected by more than 2000 variants) improved the understanding and management of CF. However, these CFTR variants are linked to different clinical manifestations and phenotypes, and they affect response to treatments. Expanding evidence suggests that multisystemic disease affects CF pathology via impairing either CFTR or proteins regulated by CFTR. Thus, altering the expression of miRNAs in vivo could constitute an appealing strategy for developing new CF therapies. In this review, we will first describe the pathophysiology and clinical management of CF. Then, we will summarize the current knowledge on altered miRNAs in CF patients, with a focus on the miRNAs involved in the deregulation of CFTR and in the modulation of inflammation. We will highlight recent findings on the potential utility of measuring circulating miRNAs in CF as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Finally, we will provide an overview on potential miRNA-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université of Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Federico II University Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université of Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université of Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
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46
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Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Ca 2+ Dependence of Volume-Regulated VRAC/LRRC8 and TMEM16A Cl - Channels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596879. [PMID: 33335902 PMCID: PMC7736618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All vertebrate cells activate Cl- currents (ICl ,swell) when swollen by hypotonic bath solution. The volume-regulated anion channel VRAC has now been identified as LRRC8/SWELL1. However, apart from VRAC, the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) TMEM16A and the phospholipid scramblase and ion channel TMEM16F were suggested to contribute to cell swelling-activated whole-cell currents. Cell swelling was shown to induce Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and to cause subsequent Ca2+ influx. It is suggested that TMEM16A/F support intracellular Ca2+ signaling and thus Ca2+-dependent activation of VRAC. In the present study, we tried to clarify the contribution of TMEM16A to ICl ,swell. In HEK293 cells coexpressing LRRC8A and LRRC8C, we found that activation of ICl ,swell by hypotonic bath solution (Hypo; 200 mosm/l) was Ca2+ dependent. TMEM16A augmented the activation of LRRC8A/C by enhancing swelling-induced local intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. In HT29 cells, knockdown of endogenous TMEM16A attenuated ICl ,swell and changed time-independent swelling-activated currents to VRAC-typical time-dependent currents. Activation of ICl ,swell by Hypo was attenuated by blocking receptors for inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine (IP3R; RyR), as well as by inhibiting Ca2+ influx. The data suggest that TMEM16A contributes directly to ICl ,swell as it is activated through swelling-induced Ca2+ increase. As activation of VRAC is shown to be Ca2+-dependent, TMEM16A augments VRAC currents by facilitating Hypo-induced Ca2+ increase in submembraneous signaling compartments by means of ER tethering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Lara-Reyna S, Holbrook J, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Dysregulated signalling pathways in innate immune cells with cystic fibrosis mutations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4485-4503. [PMID: 32367193 PMCID: PMC7599191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorders in Caucasians, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is a multi-organ disease that involves the lungs, pancreas, sweat glands, digestive and reproductive systems and several other tissues. This debilitating condition is associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammatory complications that may eventually lead to pulmonary failure. Immune cells play a crucial role in protecting the organs against opportunistic infections and also in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. Innate immune cells are generally affected by CFTR mutations in patients with CF, leading to dysregulation of several cellular signalling pathways that are in continuous use by these cells to elicit a proper immune response. There is substantial evidence to show that airway epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages all contribute to the pathogenesis of CF, underlying the importance of the CFTR in innate immune responses. The goal of this review is to put into context the important role of the CFTR in different innate immune cells and how CFTR dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of CF, highlighting several signalling pathways that may be dysregulated in cells with CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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Pearson H, Todd EJAA, Ahrends M, Hover SE, Whitehouse A, Stacey M, Lippiat JD, Wilkens L, Fieguth HG, Danov O, Hesse C, Barr JN, Mankouri J. TMEM16A/ANO1 calcium-activated chloride channel as a novel target for the treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus infection. Thorax 2020; 76:64-72. [PMID: 33109690 PMCID: PMC7803913 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) globally and is one of the most fatal infectious diseases for infants in developing countries. Of those infected, 25%–40% aged ≤1 year develop severe lower RTIs leading to pneumonia and bronchiolitis, with ~10% requiring hospitalisation. Evidence also suggests that HRSV infection early in life is a major cause of adult asthma. There is no HRSV vaccine, and the only clinically approved treatment is immunoprophylaxis that is expensive and only moderately effective. New anti-HRSV therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently required. Methods It is now established that viruses require cellular ion channel functionality to infect cells. Here, we infected human lung epithelial cell lines and ex vivo human lung slices with HRSV in the presence of a defined panel of chloride (Cl−) channel modulators to investigate their role during the HRSV life-cycle. Results We demonstrate the requirement for TMEM16A, a calcium-activated Cl− channel, for HRSV infection. Time-of-addition assays revealed that the TMEM16A blockers inhibit HRSV at a postentry stage of the virus life-cycle, showing activity as a postexposure prophylaxis. Another important negative-sense RNA respiratory pathogen influenza virus was also inhibited by the TMEM16A-specific inhibitor T16Ainh-A01. Discussion These findings reveal TMEM16A as an exciting target for future host-directed antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mareike Ahrends
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Lippiat
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Olga Danov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
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The odorant receptor OR2W3 on airway smooth muscle evokes bronchodilation via a cooperative chemosensory tradeoff between TMEM16A and CFTR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28485-28495. [PMID: 33097666 PMCID: PMC7668088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorant sensing GPCRs are the largest gene family in the human genome. We previously found multiple olfactory receptors and their obligate downstream effectors expressed in the smooth muscle of human bronchi. However, the extent to which odorant-sensing receptors (and the ligands to which they respond) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are physiologically relevant is not established. Here we show that a monoterpene nerol activates the odorant receptor OR2W3 to relax ASM in both cell and tissue models. Surprisingly, the mechanism of action of OR2W3-mediated ASM relaxation involves paradoxical increases in [Ca2+]i that invoke a cooperative activation of TMEM16A and CFTR to compartmentalize calcium and regulate excitation-contraction coupling in human ASM cells. The recent discovery of sensory (tastant and odorant) G protein-coupled receptors on the smooth muscle of human bronchi suggests unappreciated therapeutic targets in the management of obstructive lung diseases. Here we have characterized the effects of a wide range of volatile odorants on the contractile state of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and uncovered a complex mechanism of odorant-evoked signaling properties that regulate excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in human ASM cells. Initial studies established multiple odorous molecules capable of increasing intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in ASM cells, some of which were (paradoxically) associated with ASM relaxation. Subsequent studies showed a terpenoid molecule (nerol)-stimulated OR2W3 caused increases in [Ca2+]i and relaxation of ASM cells. Of note, OR2W3-evoked [Ca2+]i mobilization and ASM relaxation required Ca2+ flux through the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway and accompanied plasma membrane depolarization. This chemosensory odorant receptor response was not mediated by adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels or by protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Instead, ASM olfactory responses to the monoterpene nerol were predominated by the activity of Ca2+-activated chloride channels (TMEM16A), including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expressed on endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum. These findings demonstrate compartmentalization of Ca2+ signals dictates the odorant receptor OR2W3-induced ASM relaxation and identify a previously unrecognized E-C coupling mechanism that could be exploited in the development of therapeutics to treat obstructive lung diseases.
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Saberiyan M, Mirfakhraie R, Gholami D, Dehdehi L, Teimori H. Investigating the regulatory function of the ANO1-AS2 on the ANO1 gene in infertile men with asthenozoospermia and terato-asthenozoospermia. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104528. [PMID: 32916161 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a particular expression in the testicular tissue and exhibit a regulatory function on the reproduction system. ANO1-AS2 (linc02584), as an lncRNA is located near the anoctamin1 (ANO1) gene. ANO1 is an important component of the transmembrane system exhibiting expression modifications in the idiopathic infertile men. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between ANO1-AS2 and ANO1 gene expression with sperm motility and morphology in the patients with asthenozoospermia (AZ) and terato- asthenozoospermia (TAZ). The study population included 32 patients with AZ, 35 patients with TAZ, and 34 people with normozoospermia (NZ, control). The expression levels of ANO1 gene and ANO1-AS2 in the spermatozoa were measured by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Docking analysis was performed to investigate the interactions of the ANO1 gene promoter and intermediate elements with ANO1-AS2. ANO1 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in the patients however; ANO1-AS2 expression was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The subsequent analysis confirmed the inverse correlation between ANO1 and ANO1-AS2. ANO1 gene expression level was significantly positively correlated with sperm motility and morphology (P < 0.05). Moreover, ANO1-AS2 expression showed an inverse correlation with sperm motility and morphology (P < 0.05). Docking analysis confirmed that ANO1-AS2 could stably interact with ANO1 gene promoter. In conclusion, ANO1-AS2 is likely to downregulate the ANO1 gene by interacting with ANO1 gene promoter, which can influence the sperm motility and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Saberiyan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delnya Gholami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Dehdehi
- Clinical Research Developmental Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Teimori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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