1
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Petruncio G, Lee KH, Girgis M, Shellnutt Z, Beaulac Z, Xiang J, Lee SH, Peng X, Burdick M, Noble SM, Shim YM, Paige M. Synthesis and Evaluation of diaryl ether modulators of the leukotriene A 4 hydrolase aminopeptidase activity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116459. [PMID: 38704942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the aminopeptidase (AP) activity of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) presents a potential therapeutic strategy for resolving chronic inflammation. Previously, ARM1 and derivatives were found to activate the AP activity using the alanine-p-nitroanilide (Ala-pNA) as a reporter group in an enzyme kinetics assay. As an extension of this previous work, novel ARM1 derivatives were synthesized using a palladium-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reaction and screened using the same assay. Analogue 5, an aminopyrazole (AMP) analogue of ARM1, was found to be a potent AP activator with an AC50 of 0.12 μM. An X-ray crystal structure of LTA4H in complex with AMP was refined at 2.7 Å. Despite its AP activity with Ala-pNA substrate, AMP did not affect hydrolysis of the previously proposed natural ligand of LTA4H, Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP). This result highlights a discrepancy between the hydrolysis of more conveniently monitored chromogenic synthetic peptides typically employed in assays and endogenous peptides. The epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity of AMP was measured in vivo and the compound significantly reduced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in a murine bacterial pneumonia model. However, AMP did not enhance survival in the murine pneumonia model over a 14-day period. A liver microsome stability assay showed metabolic stability of AMP. The results suggested that accelerated Ala-pNA cleavage is not sufficient for predicting therapeutic potential, even when the full mechanism of activation is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States.
| | - Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States
| | - Michael Girgis
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States
| | - Zachary Shellnutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States
| | - Zach Beaulac
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States
| | - Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Soo Hyeon Lee
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States
| | - Xuejun Peng
- Bruker Scientific LLC., 101 Daggett Drive, San Jose CA, 95134, United States
| | - Marie Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Schroeder M Noble
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States.
| | - Yun M Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States.
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States; Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, United States.
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2
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Mishra AK, Ye T, Banday S, Thakare RP, Su CTT, Pham NNH, Ali A, Kulshreshtha A, Chowdhury SR, Simone TM, Hu K, Zhu LJ, Eisenhaber B, Deibler SK, Simin K, Thompson PR, Kelliher MA, Eisenhaber F, Malonia SK, Green MR. Targeting the GPI transamidase subunit GPAA1 abrogates the CD24 immune checkpoint in ovarian cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114041. [PMID: 38573857 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
CD24 is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and promotes immune evasion by interacting with its receptor Siglec10, present on tumor-associated macrophages, providing a "don't eat me" signal that prevents targeting and phagocytosis by macrophages. Factors promoting CD24 expression could represent novel immunotherapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen, we identify GPAA1 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1), a factor that catalyzes the attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor to substrate proteins, as a positive regulator of CD24 cell surface expression. Genetic ablation of GPAA1 abolishes CD24 cell surface expression, enhances macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, and inhibits ovarian tumor growth in mice. GPAA1 shares structural similarities with aminopeptidases. Consequently, we show that bestatin, a clinically advanced aminopeptidase inhibitor, binds to GPAA1 and blocks GPI attachment, resulting in reduced CD24 cell surface expression, increased macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, and suppressed growth of ovarian tumors. Our study highlights the potential of targeting GPAA1 as an immunotherapeutic approach for CD24+ ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K Mishra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Tianyi Ye
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shahid Banday
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ritesh P Thakare
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chinh Tran-To Su
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Ngoc N H Pham
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ankur Kulshreshtha
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shreya Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tessa M Simone
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications (LASA) gGmbH, Straße der Einheit 2-24, 02943 Weißwasser, Germany
| | - Sara K Deibler
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karl Simin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications (LASA) gGmbH, Straße der Einheit 2-24, 02943 Weißwasser, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Sunil K Malonia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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3
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Thoma G, Miltz W, Srinivas H, Penno CA, Kiffe M, Gajewska M, Klein K, Evans A, Beerli C, Röhn TA. Structure-Guided Elaboration of a Fragment-Like Hit into an Orally Efficacious Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38476002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is the final and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Preclinical studies have provided strong evidence that LTA4H is an attractive drug target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we describe the transformation of compound 2, a fragment-like hit, into the potent inhibitor of LTA4H 3. Our strategy involved two key steps. First, we aimed to increase the polarity of fragment 2 to improve its drug-likeness, particularly its solubility, while preserving both its promising potency and low molecular weight. Second, we utilized structural information and incorporated a basic amino function, which allowed for the formation of an essential hydrogen bond with Q136 of LTA4H and consequently enhanced the potency. Compound 3 exhibited exceptional selectivity and showed oral efficacy in a KRN passive serum-induced arthritis model in mice. The anticipated human dose to achieve 90% target engagement at the trough concentration was determined to be 40 mg administered once daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebhard Thoma
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Miltz
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Honnappa Srinivas
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Penno
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kiffe
- PK Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Gajewska
- PK Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai Klein
- PK Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Evans
- Immunology Disease Area, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beerli
- Immunology Disease Area, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till A Röhn
- Immunology Disease Area, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Adams JM, Rege SV, Liu AT, Vu NV, Raina S, Kirsher DY, Nguyen AL, Harish R, Szoke B, Leone DP, Czirr E, Braithwaite S, Kerrisk Campbell M. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibition improves age-related cognitive decline via modulation of synaptic function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8764. [PMID: 37976357 PMCID: PMC10656077 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of inflammatory bioactive lipids, are well studied in the periphery, but less is known of their importance in the brain. We identified that the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is expressed in healthy mouse neurons, and inhibition of LTA4H in aged mice improves hippocampal dependent memory. Single-cell nuclear RNA sequencing of hippocampal neurons after inhibition reveals major changes to genes important for synaptic organization, structure, and activity. We propose that LTA4H inhibition may act to improve cognition by directly inhibiting the enzymatic activity in neurons, leading to improved synaptic function. In addition, LTA4H plasma levels are increased in both aging and Alzheimer's disease and correlated with cognitive impairment. These results identify a role for LTA4H in the brain, and we propose that LTA4H inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cognitive decline in aging related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Adams
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sanket V. Rege
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Ninh V. Vu
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sharda Raina
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Amy L. Nguyen
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Balazs Szoke
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Dino P. Leone
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
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5
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Harwood JL. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Conversion to Lipid Mediators, Roles in Inflammatory Diseases and Dietary Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108838. [PMID: 37240183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of the diet of mammals. Their role was first established when the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were discovered nearly a century ago. However, most of the biochemical and physiological actions of PUFAs rely on their conversion to 20C or 22C acids and subsequent metabolism to lipid mediators. As a generalisation, lipid mediators formed from n-6 PUFAs are pro-inflammatory while those from n-3 PUFAs are anti-inflammatory or neutral. Apart from the actions of the classic eicosanoids or docosanoids, many newly discovered compounds are described as Specialised Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) which have been proposed to have a role in resolving inflammatory conditions such as infections and preventing them from becoming chronic. In addition, a large group of molecules, termed isoprostanes, can be generated by free radical reactions and these too have powerful properties towards inflammation. The ultimate source of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are photosynthetic organisms which contain Δ-12 and Δ-15 desaturases, which are almost exclusively absent from animals. Moreover, the EFAs consumed from plant food are in competition with each other for conversion to lipid mediators. Thus, the relative amounts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the diet are important. Furthermore, the conversion of the EFAs to 20C and 22C PUFAs in mammals is rather poor. Thus, there has been much interest recently in the use of algae, many of which make substantial quantities of long-chain PUFAs or in manipulating oil crops to make such acids. This is especially important because fish oils, which are their main source in human diets, are becoming limited. In this review, the metabolic conversion of PUFAs into different lipid mediators is described. Then, the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of such mediators in inflammatory diseases are outlined. Finally, natural sources of PUFAs (including 20 or 22 carbon compounds) are detailed, as well as recent efforts to increase their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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6
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Teder T, König S, Singh R, Samuelsson B, Werz O, Garscha U, Haeggström JZ. Modulation of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway by Chalcogen-Containing Inhibitors of Leukotriene A 4 Hydrolase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087539. [PMID: 37108702 PMCID: PMC10145651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway gives rise to bioactive inflammatory lipid mediators, such as leukotrienes (LTs). 5-LOX carries out the oxygenation of arachidonic acid to the 5-hydroperoxy derivative and then to the leukotriene A4 epoxide which is converted to a chemotactic leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). In addition, LTA4H possesses aminopeptidase activity to cleave the N-terminal proline of a pro-inflammatory tripeptide, prolyl-glycyl-proline (PGP). Based on the structural characteristics of LTA4H, it is possible to selectively inhibit the epoxide hydrolase activity while sparing the inactivating, peptidolytic, cleavage of PGP. In the current study, chalcogen-containing compounds, 4-(4-benzylphenyl) thiazol-2-amine (ARM1) and its selenazole (TTSe) and oxazole (TTO) derivatives were characterized regarding their inhibitory and binding properties. All three compounds selectively inhibit the epoxide hydrolase activity of LTA4H at low micromolar concentrations, while sparing the aminopeptidase activity. These inhibitors also block the 5-LOX activity in leukocytes and have distinct inhibition constants with recombinant 5-LOX. Furthermore, high-resolution structures of LTA4H with inhibitors were determined and potential binding sites to 5-LOX were proposed. In conclusion, we present chalcogen-containing inhibitors which differentially target essential steps in the biosynthetic route for LTB4 and can potentially be used as modulators of inflammatory response by the 5-LOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie König
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Singh
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 7743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Haeggström JZ, Newcomer ME. Structures of Leukotriene Biosynthetic Enzymes and Development of New Therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:407-428. [PMID: 36130059 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-085014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are potent immune-regulating lipid mediators with patho-genic roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases, particularly asthma. These autacoids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and tumor diseases. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves release and oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of cytosolic and integral membrane enzymes that are typically expressed by cells of the innate immune system. In activated cells, these enzymes traffic and assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, together comprising a biosynthetic complex. Here we describe recent advances in our molecular understanding of the protein components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery and also briefly touch upon the leukotriene receptors. Moreover, we discuss emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention and development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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8
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Lee KH, Ali NF, Lee SH, Zhang Z, Burdick M, Beaulac ZJ, Petruncio G, Li L, Xiang J, Chung EM, Foreman KW, Noble SM, Shim YM, Paige M. Substrate-dependent modulation of the leukotriene A 4 hydrolase aminopeptidase activity and effect in a murine model of acute lung inflammation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9443. [PMID: 35676292 PMCID: PMC9177663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminopeptidase activity (AP) of the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) enzyme has emerged as a therapeutic target to modulate host immunity. Initial reports focused on the benefits of augmenting the LTA4H AP activity and clearing its putative pro-inflammatory substrate Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP). However, recent reports have introduced substantial complexity disconnecting the LTA4H modulator 4-methoxydiphenylmethane (4MDM) from PGP as follows: (1) 4MDM inhibits PGP hydrolysis and subsequently inhibition of LTA4H AP activity, and (2) 4MDM activates the same enzyme target in the presence of alternative substrates. Differential modulation of LTA4H by 4MDM was probed in a murine model of acute lung inflammation, which showed that 4MDM modulates the host neutrophilic response independent of clearing PGP. X-ray crystallography showed that 4MDM and PGP bind at the zinc binding pocket and no allosteric binding was observed. We then determined that 4MDM modulation is not dependent on the allosteric binding of the ligand, but on the N-terminal side chain of the peptide. In conclusion, our study revealed that a peptidase therapeutic target can interact with its substrate and ligand in complex biochemical mechanisms. This raises an important consideration when ligands are designed to explain some of the unpredictable outcomes observed in therapeutic discovery targeting LTA4H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Nadia Fazal Ali
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Soo Hyeon Lee
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Marie Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zachary J Beaulac
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Linxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ezra M Chung
- STCube Pharmaceutical, Inc., 401 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
| | - Kenneth W Foreman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Schroeder M Noble
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Yun M Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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9
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An inhibitor of leukotriene-A 4 hydrolase from bat salivary glands facilitates virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110647119. [PMID: 35238649 PMCID: PMC8915838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110647119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceAn immunosuppressant protein (MTX), which facilitates virus infection by inhibiting leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) to produce the lipid chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4), was identified and characterized from the submandibular salivary glands of the bat Myotis pilosus. To the best of our knowledge, this is a report of an endogenous LTA4H inhibitor in animals. MTX was highly concentrated in the bat salivary glands, suggesting a mechanism for the generation of immunological privilege and immune tolerance and providing evidence of viral shedding through oral secretions. Moreover, given that the immunosuppressant MTX selectively inhibited the proinflammatory activity of LTA4H, without affecting its antiinflammatory activity, MTX might be a potential candidate for the development of antiinflammatory drugs by targeting the LTA4-LTA4H-LTB4 inflammatory axis.
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10
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Tripathi AS, Awasthi S, Maurya R, Yasir M, Mohapatra L, Srivastav V. Protective effect of vanillin on the management of cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis rat model. Microb Pathog 2022; 165:105493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Teixeira CSS, Sousa SF. Current Status of the Use of Multifunctional Enzymes as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010010. [PMID: 35056904 PMCID: PMC8780674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting cancer is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Among recently proposed treatments, molecular-targeted therapies are attracting particular attention. The potential targets of such therapies include a group of enzymes that possess the capability to catalyze at least two different reactions, so-called multifunctional enzymes. The features of such enzymes can be used to good advantage in the development of potent selective inhibitors. This review discusses the potential of multifunctional enzymes as anti-cancer drug targets along with the current status of research into four enzymes which by their inhibition have already demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects in vivo, in vitro, or both. These are PFK-2/FBPase-2 (involved in glucose homeostasis), ATIC (involved in purine biosynthesis), LTA4H (involved in the inflammation process) and Jmjd6 (involved in histone and non-histone posttranslational modifications). Currently, only LTA4H and PFK-2/FBPase-2 have inhibitors in active clinical development. However, there are several studies proposing potential inhibitors targeting these four enzymes that, when used alone or in association with other drugs, may provide new alternatives for preventing cancer cell growth and proliferation and increasing the life expectancy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. S. Teixeira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sun S, Meng Q, Bai Y, Cao C, Li J, Cheng B, Shi B, Shan A. Lycopene improves maternal reproductive performance by modulating milk composition and placental antioxidative and immune status. Food Funct 2021; 12:12448-12467. [PMID: 34792070 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Placental health and milk quality are important for maternal reproductive performance during pregnancy and lactation. Lycopene plays an important role in antioxidation, anti-inflammation and regulating lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary lycopene supplementation in the pig model on reproductive performance, placental health and milk composition during maternal gestation and lactation. In the present study, the litter size of live piglets was increased and the litter size of dead piglets was decreased by lycopene supplementation of the diet of sows. The litter weight at birth and weaning were increased in the lycopene group. Through placental proteomics, we enriched differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), gene ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto encyclopedia of proteins and genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in immunity, anti-inflammation, antioxidants, and lipid metabolism and transport. Furthermore, in terms of placental health, we analyzed the levels of related enzymes, metabolites and mRNA expression in the placenta. Lycopene was shown to reduce mRNA expression and the levels of placental inflammatory factors, increase the content of immunoglobulin, improve the antioxidant capacity, and improve lipid metabolism and lipid transport in the placenta. In terms of sow milk composition, lycopene increased the levels of immunoglobulins in colostrum and lactose in colostrum and milk. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate that dietary lycopene supplementation of sows during gestation and lactation improves the reproductive performance to a certain extent; this may be due to lycopene improving the placental health and milk composition of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Yongsong Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Jibo Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Baojing Cheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
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13
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Gilbert NC, Newcomer ME, Werz O. Untangling the web of 5-lipoxygenase-derived products from a molecular and structural perspective: The battle between pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114759. [PMID: 34487716 PMCID: PMC8865081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor to leukotrienes (LT), potent mediators of the inflammatory response. In the 35 + years since cysteinyl-LTs were reported to mediate antigen-induced constriction of bronchi in tissue from asthma patients, numerous cellular responses evoked by the LTs, such as chemoattraction and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, have been elucidated and revealed a potential for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as a promising drug target that goes beyond asthma. We describe herein early work identifying 5-LOX as the key enzyme that initiates LT biosynthesis and the discovery of its membrane-embedded helper protein required to execute the two-step reaction that transforms AA to the progenitor leukotriene A4 (LTA4). 5-LOX must traffic to the nuclear membrane to interact with its partner and undergo a conformational change so that AA can enter the active site. Additionally, the enzyme must retain the hydroperoxy-reaction intermediate for its final transformation to LTA4. Each of these steps provide a unique target for inhibition. Next, we describe the recent structures of GPCRs that recognize metabolites of the 5-LOX pathway and thus provide target alternatives. We also highlight the role of 5-LOX in the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators (LM), the so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). The involvement of 5-LOX in the biosynthesis of LM with opposing functions undoubtedly complicates the continuing search for 5-LOX inhibitors as therapeutic leads. Finally, we address the recent discovery of how some allosteric 5-LOX inhibitors promote oxygenation at the 12/15 carbon on AA to generate mediators that resolve, rather than promote, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Röhn TA, Numao S, Otto H, Loesche C, Thoma G. Drug discovery strategies for novel leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1483-1495. [PMID: 34191664 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionLeukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is the final and rate limiting enzyme regulating the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a pro-inflammatory lipid mediator implicated in a large number of inflammatory pathologies. Inhibition of LTA4H not only prevents LTB4 biosynthesis but also induces a lipid mediator class-switch within the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, elevating biosynthesis of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator Lipoxin A4. Ample preclinical evidence advocates LTA4H as attractive drug target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.Areas coveredThis review covers details about the biochemistry of LTA4H and describes its role in regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator generation. It summarizes recent efforts in medicinal chemistry toward novel LTA4H inhibitors, recent clinical trials testing LTA4H inhibitors in pulmonary inflammatory diseases, and potential reasons for the discontinuation of former development programs.Expert opinionGiven the prominent role of LTB4 in initiating and perpetuating inflammation, LTA4H remains an appealing drug target. The reason former attempts targeting this enzyme have not met with success in the clinic can be attributed to compound-specific liabilities of first-generation inhibitors and/or choice of target indications to test this mode of action. A new generation of highly potent and selective LTA4H inhibitors is currently undergoing clinical testing in indications with a strong link to LTB4 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shin Numao
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Otto
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Loesche
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard Thoma
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Markert C, Thoma G, Srinivas H, Bollbuck B, Lüönd RM, Miltz W, Wälchli R, Wolf R, Hinrichs J, Bergsdorf C, Azzaoui K, Penno CA, Klein K, Wack N, Jäger P, Hasler F, Beerli C, Loetscher P, Dawson J, Wieczorek G, Numao S, Littlewood-Evans A, Röhn TA. Discovery of LYS006, a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor of Leukotriene A 4 Hydrolase. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1889-1903. [PMID: 33592148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic metalloenzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is the final and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Preclinical studies have validated this enzyme as an attractive drug target in chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite several attempts, no LTA4H inhibitor has reached the market, yet. Herein, we disclose the discovery and preclinical profile of LYS006, a highly potent and selective LTA4H inhibitor. A focused fragment screen identified hits that could be cocrystallized with LTA4H and inspired a fragment merging. Further optimization led to chiral amino acids and ultimately to LYS006, a picomolar LTA4H inhibitor with exquisite whole blood potency and long-lasting pharmacodynamic effects. Due to its high selectivity and its ability to fully suppress LTB4 generation at low exposures in vivo, LYS006 has the potential for a best-in-class LTA4H inhibitor and is currently investigated in phase II clinical trials in inflammatory acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, ulcerative colitis, and NASH.
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16
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Utilizing a copper-free Sonogashira reaction in the synthesis of the leukotriene a4 hydrolase modulator batatasin IV. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Barlow N, Thompson PE. IRAP Inhibitors: M1-Aminopeptidase Family Inspiration. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585930. [PMID: 33101040 PMCID: PMC7546331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) has been proposed as an important therapeutic target for indications including Alzheimer’s disease and immune disorders. To date, a number of IRAP inhibitor designs have been investigated but the total number of molecules investigated remains quite small. As a member the M1 aminopeptidase family, IRAP shares numerous structural features with the other M1 aminopeptidases. The study of those enzymes and the development of inhibitors provide key learnings and new approaches and are potential sources of inspiration for future IRAP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Barlow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Gjorevski N, Avignon B, Gérard R, Cabon L, Roth AB, Bscheider M, Moisan A. Neutrophilic infiltration in organ-on-a-chip model of tissue inflammation. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3365-3374. [PMID: 32761043 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The multiphasic etiology of tissue inflammation and the fundamental immunological differences between species render inflammatory pathologies difficult to recapitulate in animal models, and account for the paucity of therapies that are successfully translated from rodents to humans. Here, we present a human-relevant organ-on-a-chip platform for experimental inflammatory diseases. We created an immunocompetent in vitro gut model by incorporating intestinal epithelial and immune cells into microfluidic chambers that permit cell movement across an extracellular matrix (ECM) and fluidic channels. This is the first model that integrates a mucosal barrier, a three-dimensional ECM, resident and infiltrating immune cells, and simulates a functional crosstalk that ultimately triggers cellular processes representative of inflammation. Under homeostatic conditions, enterocytes form a tight epithelium and subepithelial macrophages are non-activated. Introduction of pro-inflammatory mediators triggers macrophage activation and inflammation-induced intestinal barrier leakiness. Neutrophils in a parallel, matrix-separated non-epithelial channel are attracted by such a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and migrate through the extracellular matrix, further exacerbating tissue inflammation and damage. With this model, we provide the foundations to recapitulate and investigate the onset of tissue inflammation in a controlled, human-relevant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolce Gjorevski
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Audat SA, Al-Shar’i NA, Al-Oudat BA, Bryant-Friedrich A, Bedi MF, Zayed AL, Al-Balas QA. Identification of Human Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Inhibitors Using Structure-Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122871. [PMID: 32580506 PMCID: PMC7356593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent, proinflammatory lipid mediator implicated in the pathologies of an array of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The biosynthesis of LTB4 is regulated by the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). Compounds capable of limiting the formation of LTB4, through selective inhibition of LTA4H, are expected to provide potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. The aim of the current study is to obtain potential LTA4H inhibitors using computer-aided drug design. A hybrid 3D structure-based pharmacophore model was generated based on the crystal structure of LTA4H in complex with bestatin. The generated pharmacophore was used in a virtual screen of the Maybridge database. The retrieved hits were extensively filtered, then docked into the active site of the enzyme. Finally, they were consensually scored to yield five hits as potential LTA4H inhibitors. Consequently, the selected hits were purchased and their biological activity assessed in vitro against the epoxide hydrolase activity of LTA4H. The results were very promising, with the most active compound showing 73.6% inhibition of the basal epoxide hydrolase activity of LTA4H. The results from this exploratory study provide valuable information for the design and development of more potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suaad A. Audat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-772046922; Fax: +962-7201071
| | - Nizar A. Al-Shar’i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (N.A.A.-S.); (B.A.A.-O.); (A.L.Z.); (Q.A.A.-B.)
| | - Buthina A. Al-Oudat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (N.A.A.-S.); (B.A.A.-O.); (A.L.Z.); (Q.A.A.-B.)
| | - Amanda Bryant-Friedrich
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (A.B.-F.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Mel F. Bedi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (A.B.-F.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Aref L. Zayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (N.A.A.-S.); (B.A.A.-O.); (A.L.Z.); (Q.A.A.-B.)
| | - Qosay A. Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (N.A.A.-S.); (B.A.A.-O.); (A.L.Z.); (Q.A.A.-B.)
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20
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Hiesinger K, Schott A, Kramer JS, Blöcher R, Witt F, Wittmann SK, Steinhilber D, Pogoryelov D, Gerstmeier J, Werz O, Proschak E. Design of Dual Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and LTA 4 Hydrolase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:298-302. [PMID: 32184960 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitarget anti-inflammatory drugs interfering with the arachidonic acid cascade exhibit superior efficacy. In this study, a prototype dual inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) with submicromolar activity toward both targets has been designed and synthesized. Preliminary structure-activity relationship studies were performed to identify optimal substitution patterns. X-ray structure analysis of a promising dual inhibitor in complex with sEH, as well as molecular docking with LTA4H provided a rationale for further optimization. Hereby, scaffold extension was successfully applied to yield potent dual sEH/LTA4H inhibitors. The spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators was evaluated in M1 and M2 macrophages, stimulated with LPS, and incubated with the most promising compound 14. The effect of 14 on the inflammatory lipid mediator profile characterizes dual sEH/LTA4H inhibitors as an interesting option for future anti-inflammatory agent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annika Schott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan S. Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - René Blöcher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Finja Witt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra K. Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Denys Pogoryelov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Penno CA, Wack N, Laguerre C, Hasler F, Numao S, Röhn TA. Comment on "An extracellular matrix fragment drives epithelial remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness". Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/497/eaav4538. [PMID: 31217337 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased airway hyperresponsiveness and epithelial remodeling in asthmatic LTA4H-KO mice may be mediated by CysLTs rather than elevated tripeptide PGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Penno
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Wack
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Laguerre
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Hasler
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shin Numao
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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22
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A new pimarane-type diterpene obtained by biotransformation inhibits human HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma through inhibition of LTA4H activity. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Lee KH, Petruncio G, Shim A, Burdick M, Zhang Z, Shim YM, Noble SM, Paige M. Effect of Modifier Structure on the Activation of Leukotriene A 4 Hydrolase Aminopeptidase Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10605-10616. [PMID: 31751136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) aminopeptidase (AP) activity with 4-methoxydiphenylmethane (4MDM) promoted resolution of neutrophil infiltration in a murine cigarette smoke-induced model for emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recently, 4-(4-benzylphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (ARM1) was published as a ligand for LTA4H with potential anti-inflammatory properties. To investigate the effect of modifier structure on enzyme kinetics of LTA4H, a series of analogues bearing structural features of ARM1 and 4MDM were synthesized using trifluoroborate Suzuki coupling reactions. Following, the 2.8 Å X-ray crystal structure of LTA4H complexed with 4-OMe-ARM1, a 4MDM-ARM1 hybrid molecule, was determined. Kinetic analysis showed that ARM1 and related analogues lowered affinity for the enzyme-substrate complex, resulting in a change of mechanism from hyperbolic mixed predominately catalytic activation (HMx(Sp < Ca)A) as observed for 4MDM to a predominately specific activation (HMx(Sp > Ca)A) mechanism. 4-OMe-ARM1 was then shown to dose responsively reduce LTB4 production in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , George Mason University , 10920 George Mason Circle , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department , Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , 503 Robert Grant Ave , Silver Spring , Maryland 20910 , United States
| | - Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , George Mason University , 10920 George Mason Circle , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
| | - Amanda Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Marie Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Yun M Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , P.O. Box 800546, Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Schroeder M Noble
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Wound Infections Department , Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , 503 Robert Grant Ave , Silver Spring , Maryland 20910 , United States
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , George Mason University , 10920 George Mason Circle , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
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24
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Patel DF, Gaggar A, Blalock JE, Gregory LG, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Response to Comment on "An extracellular matrix fragment drives epithelial remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness". Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaaw0462. [PMID: 31217333 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide further evidence to support our assertion that PGP is a potent regulator of epithelial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Park H, Park SB. Label-free target identification reveals oxidative DNA damage as the mechanism of a selective cytotoxic agent. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3449-3458. [PMID: 30996934 PMCID: PMC6438152 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic screening can not only identify promising first-in-class drug candidates, but can also reveal potential therapeutic targets or neomorphic functions of known proteins. In this study, we identified target proteins of SB2001, a cytotoxic agent that acts specifically against HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Because SB2001 lacks chemical modification sites, label-free target identification methods including thermal stability shift-based fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (TS-FITGE) and thermal proteome profiling (TPP) were applied to characterize its mechanism of action. Owing to their differences, the two label-free target identification methods uncovered complementary target candidates. Candidates from both methods were prioritized according to their selective lethality upon the knockdown of those genes in HeLa cells, compared to CaSki cells which were used as a negative control cell line from the human cervix. LTA4H was identified only by TS-FITGE, but not by TPP, because only one isoform was stabilized by SB2001. Furthermore, it was implied that a non-canonical function of LTA4H was involved in the SB2001 activity. MTH1 was identified by both TS-FITGE and TPP, and SB2001 inhibited the function of MTH1 in hydrolyzing oxidized nucleotides. Compared to CaSki cells, HeLa cells displayed downregulated DNA mismatch repair pathways, which made HeLa cells more susceptible to the oxidative stress caused by SB2001, resulting in increased 8-oxoG concentrations, DNA damage, and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics , Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics , Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea .
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Vo TTL, Jang WJ, Jeong CH. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase: an emerging target of natural products for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1431:3-13. [PMID: 30058075 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has become a global burden. It has long been known that inflammation is related to cancer, as inflammatory components have been identified in the tumor microenvironment and support tumor progression. Among the key inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes were found to be involved in cancer development. In particular, leukotriene B4, which is converted from leukotriene A4 by leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), has been implicated in several types of cancer. In addition, LTA4H has attracted attention because of purported roles in inflammation and cancer development. Herein, we review the history of LTA4H, its emerging roles in cancer development, and the development of LTA4H inhibitors in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Leukotrienes are powerful immune-regulating lipid mediators with established pathogenic roles in inflammatory allergic diseases of the respiratory tract - in particular, asthma and hay fever. More recent work indicates that these lipids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of soluble and membrane enzymes that are primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. In activated immune cells, these enzymes assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, constituting a biosynthetic complex. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of the components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention, and the development of new medicines exploiting both antiinflammatory and pro-resolving mechanisms.
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