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Olbrich M, Hartmann AM, Künzel S, Aherrahrou Z, Schilf P, Baines JF, Ibrahim SM, Hirose M. Mitochondrial DNA variants and microbiota: An experimental strategy to identify novel therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107231. [PMID: 38815878 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that mice carrying natural mtDNA variants of the FVB/NJ strain (m.7778 G>T in the mt-Atp8 gene in mitochondrial complex V), namely C57BL/6 J-mtFVB/NJ (B6-mtFVB), exhibited (i) partial protection from experimental skin inflammatory diseases in an anti-murine type VII collagen antibody-induced skin inflammation model and psoriasiform dermatitis model; (ii) significantly altered metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, according to targeted metabolomics of liver, skin and lymph node samples; and (iii) a differential composition of the gut microbiota according to bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples compared to wild-type C57BL/6 J (B6) mice. To further dissect these disease-contributing factors, we induced an experimental antibody-induced skin inflammatory disease in gnotobiotic mice. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of caecum contents and untargeted metabolomics of liver, CD4+ T cell, and caecum content samples from conventional B6-mtFVB and B6 mice. We identified D-glucosamine as a candidate mediator that ameliorated disease severity in experimental antibody-induced skin inflammation by modulating immune cell function in T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. Because mice carrying mtDNA variants of the FVB/NJ strain show differential disease susceptibility to a wide range of experimental diseases, including diet-induced atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice and collagen antibody-induced arthritis in DBA/1 J mice, this experimental approach is valuable for identifying novel therapeutic options for skin inflammatory conditions and other chronic inflammatory diseases to which mice carrying specific mtDNA variants show differential susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Olbrich
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Sven Künzel
- Max Plank Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg / Kiel / Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Schilf
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Plank Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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2
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Ragab M, Schlichting H, Hicken M, Mester P, Hirose M, Almeida LN, Christiansen L, Ibrahim S, Tews HC, Divanovic S, Sina C, Derer S. Azathioprine promotes intestinal epithelial cell differentiation into Paneth cells and alleviates ileal Crohn's disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12879. [PMID: 38839896 PMCID: PMC11153537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells (PCs), a subset of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) found at the base of small intestinal crypts, play an essential role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Altered PCs function is associated with diverse intestinal pathologies, including ileal Crohn's disease (CD). CD patients with ileal involvement have been previously demonstrated to display impairment in PCs and decreased levels of anti-microbial peptides. Although the immunosuppressive drug Azathioprine (AZA) is widely used in CD therapy, the impact of AZA on IEC differentiation remains largely elusive. In the present study, we hypothesized that the orally administered drug AZA also exerts its effect through modulation of the intestinal epithelium and specifically via modulation of PC function. AZA-treated CD patients exhibited an ileal upregulation of AMPs on both mRNA and protein levels compared to non-AZA treated patients. Upon in vitro AZA stimulation, intestinal epithelial cell line MODE-K exhibited heightened expression levels of PC marker in concert with diminished cell proliferation but boosted mitochondrial OXPHOS activity. Moreover, differentiation of IECs, including PCs differentiation, was boosted in AZA-treated murine small intestinal organoids and was associated with decreased D-glucose consumption and decreased growth rates. Of note, AZA treatment strongly decreased Lgr5 mRNA expression as well as Ki67 positive cells. Further, AZA restored dysregulated PCs associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. AZA-dependent inhibition of IEC proliferation is accompanied by boosted mitochondria function and IEC differentiation into PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohab Ragab
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heidi Schlichting
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maren Hicken
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research On Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Larissa N Almeida
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lea Christiansen
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research On Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Christian Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine and 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Tian H, Huang D, Wang J, Li H, Gao J, Zhong Y, Xia L, Zhang A, Lin Z, Ke X. The role of the "gut microbiota-mitochondria" crosstalk in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404995. [PMID: 38741740 PMCID: PMC11089144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease whose exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of MS are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Similarly, a large body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may also have a significant impact on the development of MS. Endosymbiotic theory has found that human mitochondria are microbial in origin and share similar biological characteristics with the gut microbiota. Therefore, gut microbiota and mitochondrial function crosstalk are relevant in the development of MS. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the development of MS is not fully understood. Therefore, by synthesizing previous relevant literature, this paper focuses on the changes in gut microbiota and metabolite composition in the development of MS and the possible mechanisms of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the progression of MS, to provide new therapeutic approaches for the prevention or reduction of MS based on this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tian
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libin Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincia Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Hirose M, Sekar P, Eladham MWA, Albataineh MT, Rahmani M, Ibrahim SM. Interaction between mitochondria and microbiota modulating cellular metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1513-1526. [PMID: 37819377 PMCID: PMC10698103 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prototypic complex disease in the gastrointestinal tract that has been increasing in incidence and prevalence in recent decades. Although the precise pathophysiology of IBD remains to be elucidated, a large body of evidence suggests the critical roles of mitochondria and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition to their contributions to the disease, both mitochondria and gut microbes may interact with each other and modulate disease-causing cell activities. Therefore, we hypothesize that dissecting this unique interaction may help to identify novel pathways involved in IBD, which will further contribute to discovering new therapeutic approaches to the disease. As poorly treated IBD significantly affects the quality of life of patients and is associated with risks and complications, successful treatment is crucial. In this review, we stratify previously reported experimental and clinical observations of the role of mitochondria and intestinal microbiota in IBD. Additionally, we review the intercommunication between mitochondria, and the intestinal microbiome in patients with IBD is reviewed along with the potential mediators for these interactions. We specifically focus on their roles in cellular metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. To this end, we propose a potential therapeutic intervention strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Sekar
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, RIMHS, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad T Albataineh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Mohamed Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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5
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Thomsen M, Künstner A, Wohlers I, Olbrich M, Lenfers T, Osumi T, Shimazaki Y, Nishifuji K, Ibrahim SM, Watson A, Busch H, Hirose M. A comprehensive analysis of gut and skin microbiota in canine atopic dermatitis in Shiba Inu dogs. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:232. [PMID: 37864204 PMCID: PMC10590023 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like its human counterpart, canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic relapsing condition; thus, most cAD-affected dogs will require lifelong treatment to maintain an acceptable quality of life. A potential intervention is modulation of the composition of gut microbiota, and in fact, probiotic treatment has been proposed and tried in human atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Since dogs are currently receiving intensive medical care, this will be the same option for dogs, while evidence of gut dysbiosis in cAD is still missing, although skin microbial profiling in cAD has been conducted in several studies. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of both gut and skin microbiota in cAD in one specific cAD-predisposed breed, Shiba Inu. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of commonly used medical management on cAD (Janus kinase; JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib) on the gut and skin microbiota. Furthermore, we genotyped the Shiba Inu dogs according to the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup and assessed its association with the composition of the gut microbiota. RESULTS Staphylococcus was the most predominant bacterial genus observed in the skin; Escherichia/Shigella and Clostridium sensu stricto were highly abundant in the gut of cAD-affected dogs. In the gut microbiota, Fusobacteria and Megamonas were highly abundant in healthy dogs but significantly reduced in cAD-affected dogs. The abundance of these bacterial taxa was positively correlated with the effect of the treatment and state of the disease. Oclacitinib treatment on cAD-affected dogs shifted the composition of microbiota towards that in healthy dogs, and the latter brought it much closer to healthy microbiota, particularly in the gut. Additionally, even within the same dog breed, the mtDNA haplogroup varied, and there was an association between the mtDNA haplogroup and microbial composition in the gut and skin. CONCLUSIONS Dysbiosis of both the skin and the gut was observed in cAD in Shiba Inu dogs. Our findings provide a basis for the potential treatment of cAD by manipulating the gut microbiota as well as the skin microbiota. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Thomsen
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Wohlers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Biomolecular Data Science in Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Olbrich
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tim Lenfers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Takafumi Osumi
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yotaro Shimazaki
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- College of Medical and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Shakhbout Bin Sultan Street, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Adrian Watson
- Royal Canin SAS, 650 avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Wang Y, Lai H, Zhang T, Wu J, Tang H, Liang X, Ren D, Huang J, Li W. Mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells in depression: Are they at a crossroads of gut-brain communication? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105403. [PMID: 37742989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut dysbiosis in depression is well established. However, recent studies have shown that gut microbiota is regulated by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mitochondria, which has yet to receive much attention. This review summarizes the recent developments about the critical role of IEC mitochondria in actively maintaining gut microbiota, intestinal metabolism, and immune homeostasis. We propose that IEC mitochondrial dysfunction alters gut microbiota composition, participates in cell fate, mediates oxidative stress, activates the peripheral immune system, causes peripheral inflammation, and transmits peripheral signals through the vagus and enteric nervous systems. These pathological alterations lead to brain inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, activation of microglia and astrocytes, induction of neuronal loss, and ultimately depression. Furthermore, we highlight the prospect of treating depression through the mitochondria of IECs. These new findings suggest that the mitochondria of IECs may be a newly found important factor in the pathogenesis of depression and represent a potential new strategy for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Han Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Huiling Tang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Liang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Huang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
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Refisch A, Sen ZD, Klassert TE, Busch A, Besteher B, Danyeli LV, Helbing D, Schulze-Späte U, Stallmach A, Bauer M, Panagiotou G, Jacobsen ID, Slevogt H, Opel N, Walter M. Microbiome and immuno-metabolic dysregulation in patients with major depressive disorder with atypical clinical presentation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109568. [PMID: 37182790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Depression is highly prevalent (6% 1-year prevalence) and is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Available treatment options for depression are far from optimal, with response rates only around 50%. This is most likely related to a heterogeneous clinical presentation of major depression disorder (MDD), suggesting different manifestations of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Poorer treatment outcomes to first-line antidepressants were reported in MDD patients endorsing an "atypical" symptom profile that is characterized by preserved reactivity in mood, increased appetite, hypersomnia, a heavy sensation in the limbs, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity. In recent years, evidence has emerged that immunometabolic biological dysregulation is an important underlying pathophysiological mechanism in depression, which maps more consistently to atypical features. In the last few years human microbial residents have emerged as a key influencing variable associated with immunometabolic dysregulations in depression. The microbiome plays a critical role in the training and development of key components of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of the host-microbe symbiosis. Moreover, by being a metabolically active ecosystem commensal microbes may have a huge impact on signaling pathways, involved in underlying mechanisms leading to atypical depressive symptoms. In this review, we discuss the interplay between the microbiome and immunometabolic imbalance in the context of atypical depressive symptoms. Although research in this field is in its infancy, targeting biological determinants in more homogeneous clinical presentations of MDD may offer new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Refisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
| | - Zümrüt Duygu Sen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tilman E Klassert
- Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany; Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Busch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Vera Danyeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dario Helbing
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany; Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany, and Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany; Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr, Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Homolak J. Targeting the microbiota-mitochondria crosstalk in neurodegeneration with senotherapeutics. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:339-383. [PMID: 37437983 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of age-related disorders characterized by a chronic and progressive loss of function and/or structure of synapses, neurons, and glial cells. The etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a complex network of intricately intertwined pathophysiological processes that are still not fully understood. Safe and effective disease-modifying treatments are urgently needed, but still not available. Accumulating evidence suggests that gastrointestinal dyshomeostasis and microbial dysbiosis might play an important role in neurodegeneration by acting as either primary or secondary pathophysiological factors. The research on the role of microbiota in neurodegeneration is in its early phase; however, accumulating evidence suggests that dysbiosis might promote neurodegenerative diseases by disrupting mitochondrial function and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence (MiDAS), possibly due to bidirectional crosstalk based on the common evolutionary origin of mitochondria and bacteria. Cellular senescence is an onco-supressive homeostatic mechanism that results in an irreversible cell cycle arrest upon exposure to noxious stimuli. Senescent cells resist apoptosis via senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs) and transition into a state known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that generates a cytotoxic proinflammatory microenvironment. Cellular senescence results in the adoption of a detrimental vicious cycle driven by dysbiosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress - a pathophysiological positive feedback loop that results in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Detrimental effects of MiDAS might be prevented and abolished by mitochondria-targeted senotherapeutics, a group of drugs specifically designed to alleviate senescence by inhibiting SCAPs (senolytics), or inhibiting SASP (senomorphics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Moderating Gut Microbiome/Mitochondrial Axis in Oxazolone Induced Ulcerative Colitis: The Evolving Role of β-Glucan and/or, Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032711. [PMID: 36769034 PMCID: PMC9917140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome is thought to offer innovative explanations for many diseases and thus provide innovative management approaches, especially in GIT-related autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). β-Glucans, important components of many nutritious diets, including oats and mushrooms, have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions. Our research study sought to provide insight into the function of β-glucan and/or fidarestat in modifying the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of UC. A total of 50 Wistar albino male rats were grouped into five groups: control, UC, β-Glucan, Fidarestat, and combined treatment groups. All the groups were tested for the presence of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR-2 and -3) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA gene expressions. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content were found. The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also examined. Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) DNA binding activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 (PGC-1) were identified using the ELISA method. We observed a substantial increase FFAR-2, -3, and TFAM mRNA expression after the therapy. Similar increases were seen in the ATP levels, MMP, SCFA, PGC-1, and Nrf2 DNA binding activity. The levels of ROS, TMAO, and NF-kβ, on the other hand, significantly decreased. Using β-glucan and fidarestat together had unique therapeutic benefits in treating UC by focusing on the microbiota/mitochondrial axis, opening up a new avenue for a potential treatment for such a complex, multidimensional illness.
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10
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The Crosstalk between Microbiome and Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030429. [PMID: 36766772 PMCID: PMC9913973 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that serve as the primary cellular energy-generating system. Apart from ATP production, they are essential for many biological processes, including calcium homeostasis, lipid biogenesis, ROS regulation and programmed cell death, which collectively render them invaluable for neuronal integrity and function. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamics are crucial hallmarks of a wide variety of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. At the same time, the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders due to the bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system, known as the gut-brain axis. Here we summarize new insights into the complex interplay between mitochondria, gut microbiota and neurodegeneration, and we refer to animal models that could elucidate the underlying mechanisms, as well as novel interventions to tackle age-related neurodegenerative conditions, based on this intricate network.
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11
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Astorga J, Gasaly N, Dubois-Camacho K, De la Fuente M, Landskron G, Faber KN, Urra FA, Hermoso MA. The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028953. [PMID: 36466902 PMCID: PMC9716353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.g., citric acid, fumarate, isocitric acid, malate, pyruvate, and succinate) have been described in in vitro and clinical studies. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial architecture in intestinal epithelial cells is dysmorphic, with cristae destruction and high dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent fission. Likewise, these alterations in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics promote metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and down-regulation of antioxidant Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling. Although the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction during mucosal inflammation are not fully understood at present, metabolic intermediates and cholesterol may act as signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD. Notably, dietary phytochemicals exhibit protective effects against cholesterol imbalance and mitochondrial function alterations to maintain gastrointestinal mucosal renewal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol and mitochondrial metabolism in IBD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals, restoring intestinal metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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12
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Özsoy M, Stummer N, Zimmermann FA, Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Weghuber D, Schneider AM. Role of Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1443-1450. [PMID: 35247048 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurring inflammation of the intestine which can be debilitating for those with intractable disease. However, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disorders remains to be solved. The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial factor in the disease process is being validated by an increasing number of recent studies. Thus mitochondrial alteration in conjunction with previously identified genetic predisposition, changes in the immune response, altered gut microbiota, and environmental factors (eg, diet, smoking, and lifestyle) are all posited to contribute to IBD. The implicated factors seem to affect mitochondrial function or are influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction, which explains many of the hallmarks of the disease. This review summarizes the results of studies reporting links between mitochondria and IBD that were available on PubMed through March 2021. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihriban Özsoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz A Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna M Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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13
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Abstract
The gut microbiome is a contributory factor in ageing-related health loss and in several non-communicable diseases in all age groups. Some age-linked and disease-linked compositional and functional changes overlap, while others are distinct. In this Review, we explore targeted studies of the gut microbiome of older individuals and general cohort studies across geographically distinct populations. We also address the promise of the targeted restoration of microorganisms associated with healthier ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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14
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Anik MI, Mahmud N, Masud AA, Khan MI, Islam MN, Uddin S, Hossain MK. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4028-4054. [PMID: 36043942 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging process has advanced significantly over the last two decades. In light of recent findings, ROS takes part in the aging process of cells along with contributing to various physiological signaling pathways. Antioxidants being cells' natural defense mechanism against ROS-mediated alteration, play an imperative role to maintain intracellular ROS homeostasis. Although the complete understanding of the ROS regulated aging process is yet to be fully comprehended, current insights into various sources of cellular ROS and their correlation with the aging process and age-related diseases are portrayed in this review. In addition, results on the effect of antioxidants on ROS homeostasis and the aging process as well as their advances in clinical trials are also discussed in detail. The future perspective in ROS-antioxidant dynamics on antiaging research is also marshaled to provide future directions for ROS-mediated antiaging research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Niaz Mahmud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Masud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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15
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, De R, Debsharma S, Pramanik S, Bandyopadhyay U. Emerging role of mitochondrial DAMPs, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and anomalous mitophagy in gut mucosal pathogenesis. Life Sci 2022; 305:120753. [PMID: 35787999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcerative injuries are increasing due to expanding socio-economic stress, unhealthy food habits-lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism and usage of medicines like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In fact, gastrointestinal (GI) complications, associated with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, further, poses a challenge to global healthcare towards safeguarding the GI tract. Emerging evidences have discretely identified mitochondrial dysfunctions as common etiological denominators in diseases. However, it is worth realizing that mitochondrial dysfunctions are not just consequences of diseases. Rather, damaged mitochondria severely aggravate the pathogenesis thereby qualifying as perpetrable factors worth of prophylactic and therapeutic targeting. Oxidative and nitrosative stress due to endogenous and exogenous stimuli triggers mitochondrial injury causing production of mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), which, in a feed-forward loop, inflicts inflammatory tissue damage. Mitochondrial structural dynamics and mitophagy are crucial quality control parameters determining the extent of mitopathology and disease outcomes. Interestingly, apart from endogenous factors, mitochondria also crosstalk and in turn get detrimentally affected by gut pathobionts colonized during luminal dysbiosis. Although mitopathology is documented in various pre-clinical/clinical studies, a comprehensive account appreciating the mitochondrial basis of GI mucosal pathologies is largely lacking. Here we critically discuss the molecular events impinging on mitochondria along with the interplay of mitochondria-derived factors in fueling mucosal pathogenesis. We specifically emphasize on the potential role of aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, anomalous mitophagy, mitochondrial lipoxidation and ferroptosis as emerging regulators of GI mucosal pathogenesis. We finally discuss about the prospect of mitochondrial targeting for next-generation drug discovery against GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India.
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16
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Safwat El-Deeb O, El-Esawy RO, Al-Shenawy HA, Ghanem HB. Modulating gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis: the restorative effects of β-glucan and/or celastrol. Redox Rep 2022; 27:60-69. [PMID: 35246012 PMCID: PMC8903761 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2046425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Microbiome–Mitochondria interaction is gaining a significant attention; thus, studying its mechanism emerges as a must to provide restorative lines in managing diseases. The aim is to study the mechanistic effects of β-Glucan and/or Celastrol in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods 75 Wistar rats were allocated into 5 equal groups. Group I: control group. Group II: UC group, Group III: β-Glucan-treated UC group, Group IV: Celastrol-treated UC group & Group V: mutual treatment group. All groups were subjected to the detection of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator1α (PGC-1α) mRNA gene expressions. Citrate synthase (CS) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentration was measured. Results After treatment we monitored significant upregulation of FFAR-2 and PGC-1α mRNA expression. Likewise, ATP level and CS activity were significantly increased. On the contrary, there was a significant lessening in ROS and TMAO levels with improvement of MMP. Conclusion Mutual use of β- Glucan and Celastrol had a greater effect than each alone against UC, which is considered a novel finding highlighting the ameliorative effects of this combined treatment in modulating Microbiome/Mitochondria axis, thus launching promising avenues for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Heba Bassiony Ghanem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Imdad S, Lim W, Kim JH, Kang C. Intertwined Relationship of Mitochondrial Metabolism, Gut Microbiome and Exercise Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052679. [PMID: 35269818 PMCID: PMC8910986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a key player contributing significantly to the human physiology over the past decades. The potential microbial niche is largely unexplored in the context of exercise enhancing capacity and the related mitochondrial functions. Physical exercise can influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity, whereas a sedentary lifestyle in association with dysbiosis can lead to reduced well-being and diseases. Here, we have elucidated the importance of diverse microbiota, which is associated with an individual's fitness, and moreover, its connection with the organelle, the mitochondria, which is the hub of energy production, signaling, and cellular homeostasis. Microbial by-products, such as short-chain fatty acids, are produced during regular exercise that can enhance the mitochondrial capacity. Therefore, exercise can be employed as a therapeutic intervention to circumvent or subside various metabolic and mitochondria-related diseases. Alternatively, the microbiome-mitochondria axis can be targeted to enhance exercise performance. This review furthers our understanding about the influence of microbiome on the functional capacity of the mitochondria and exercise performance, and the interplay between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Wonchung Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health & Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (C.K.)
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18
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Busck MM, Lund MB, Bird TL, Bechsgaard JS, Bilde T, Schramm A. Temporal and spatial microbiome dynamics across natural populations of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6526868. [PMID: 35147190 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host symbiont interactions may form obligatory or facultative associations that are context dependent. Long-term studies on microbiome composition from wild populations should assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of host-microbe associations. We characterized the temporal and spatial variation in the bacterial microbiome composition in six populations of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola for 2.5 years, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of whole spiders. Individuals within a nest exhibit highly similar microbiomes, which remain stable over several generations and are not predictably affected by seasonal variation in temperature or humidity. This stability in nest microbiome is likely due to social transmission, whereas drift-like processes during new nest foundations explain variation in host microbiomes between nests. This is supported by the lack of obligate symbionts (i.e. no symbionts are present in all spider individuals). Quantitative PCR analyses showed that the bacterial load of individual spiders is stable in healthy nests but can increase dramatically in perishing nests. These increases are not driven by specific bacterial taxa but likely caused by loss of host immune control under deteriorating conditions. Spider nests show an annual survival rate of approximately 45%, but nest death is not correlated to microbiome composition, and the bacteria found in S. dumicola are not considered to be high virulence pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Busck
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie B Lund
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tharina L Bird
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Botswana.,Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,General Entomology, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jesper S Bechsgaard
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Bilde
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Predominance of Staphylococcus correlates with wound burden and disease activity in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a prospective case-control study. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2117-2127.e8. [PMID: 35149000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is characterized by skin blistering and wounds. To uncover changes in skin and mucosal microbiome related to age and disease progression, and microbiome impact on clinical and inflammatory laboratory parameters, swabs from wounded and unwounded skin, oral mucosa and stool samples of 28 children with RDEB and 28 healthy controls were subjected to 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. Skin microbiome of RDEB patients showed significantly reduced alpha diversity compared to healthy controls and early, age-dependent predominance of Staphylococcus aureus first in wounds, then in unwounded skin. These findings were more pronounced in severe disease with higher abundances of Staphylococcus aureus compared to intermediate disease. Staphylococcus aureus abundance correlated significantly with both acute and chronic wound burden. Changes in oral mucosal and gut microbiome were discrete with no significant differences in alpha diversity. Our findings show that children with RDEB experience skin microbiome changes early in life. Longitudinal studies should confirm that dysbiosis starts in wounds and later extends to unwounded skin. The predominance of Staphylococcus aureus significantly correlates with wound burden and disease activity, and to some extent with systemic inflammation.
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20
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Künstner A, Schilf P, Busch H, Ibrahim SM, Hirose M. Changes of Gut Microbiota by Natural mtDNA Variant Differences Augment Susceptibility to Metabolic Disease and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031056. [PMID: 35162979 PMCID: PMC8835372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported on two mouse strains carrying different single nucleotide variations in the mitochondrial complex I gene, i.e., B6-mtBPL mice carrying m.11902T>C and B6-mtALR carrying m.4738C>A. B6-mtBPL mice exhibited a longer lifespan and a lower metabolic disease susceptibility despite mild mitochondrial functional differences in steady-state. As natural polymorphisms in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are known to be associated with distinct patterns of gut microbial composition, we further investigated the gut microbiota composition in these mice strains. In line with mouse phenotypes, we found a significantly lower abundance of Proteobacteria, which is positively associated with pathological conditions, in B6-mtBPL compared to B6-mtALR mice. A prediction of functional profile of significantly differential bacterial genera between these strains revealed an involvement of glucose metabolism pathways. Whole transcriptome analysis of liver samples from B6-mtBPL and B6-mtALR mice confirmed these findings. Thus, both host gene expression and gut microbial changes caused by the mtDNA variant differences may contribute to the ageing and metabolic phenotypes observed in these mice strains. Since gut microbiota are easier to modulate, compared with mtDNA variants, identification of such mtDNA variants, specific gut bacterial species and bacterial metabolites may be a potential intervention to modulate common diseases, which are differentially susceptible to individuals with different mtDNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Schilf
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Kramer P. Mitochondria-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:776936. [PMID: 35002678 PMCID: PMC8733591 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.776936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are the two best-known neurodegenerative diseases. Each is associated with the excessive aggregation in the brain and elsewhere of its own characteristic amyloid proteins. Yet the two afflictions have much in common and often the same amyloids play a role in both. These amyloids need not be toxic and can help regulate bile secretion, synaptic plasticity, and immune defense. Moreover, when they do form toxic aggregates, amyloids typically harm not just patients but their pathogens too. A major port of entry for pathogens is the gut. Keeping the gut’s microbe community (microbiota) healthy and under control requires that our cells’ main energy producers (mitochondria) support the gut-blood barrier and immune system. As we age, these mitochondria eventually succumb to the corrosive byproducts they themselves release, our defenses break down, pathogens or their toxins break through, and the side effects of inflammation and amyloid aggregation become problematic. Although it gets most of the attention, local amyloid aggregation in the brain merely points to a bigger problem: the systemic breakdown of the entire human superorganism, exemplified by an interaction turning bad between mitochondria and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kramer
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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22
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Gemikonakli G, Mach J, Hilmer SN. Interactions Between the Aging Gut Microbiome and Common Geriatric Giants: Polypharmacy, Frailty, and Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1019-1028. [PMID: 32064521 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has pervasive bidirectional relationships with pharmacotherapy, chronic disease, and physical and cognitive function. We conducted a narrative review of the current literature to examine the relationships between the gut microbiome, medication use, sarcopenia and frailty, and cognitive impairment. Data from in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments in invertebrates and complex organisms, and humans indicate associations between the gut microbiome and geriatric syndromes. Better understanding of the direct and indirect roles of the microbiome may inform future prevention and management of geriatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gemikonakli
- Laboratory of Ageing and Pharmacology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Mach
- Laboratory of Ageing and Pharmacology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Nicole Hilmer
- Laboratory of Ageing and Pharmacology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Trachalaki A, Tsitoura E, Mastrodimou S, Invernizzi R, Vasarmidi E, Bibaki E, Tzanakis N, Molyneaux PL, Maher TM, Antoniou K. Enhanced IL-1β Release Following NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasome Stimulation Is Linked to mtROS in Airway Macrophages in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661811. [PMID: 34220810 PMCID: PMC8248801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are complex disorders of variable clinical behaviour. The majority of them cause significant morbidity, whilst Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is recognised as the most relentless. NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRC4 inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes driving IL-1β release; a proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokine. Several pathogenetic factors associated with IPF are identified as inflammasome activators, including increases in mtROS and bacterial burden. Mitochondrial oxidation and alterations in bacterial burden in IPF and other ILDs may lead to augmented inflammasome activity in airway macrophages (AMs). IPF (n=14), non-IPF-ILDs (n=12) patients and healthy subjects (n=12) were prospectively recruited and AMs were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage. IL-1β release resulting from NLRP3, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes stimulation in AMs were determined and baseline levels of mitochondrial ROS and microbial burden were also measured. Our results showed that NLRP3 was more inducible in IPF and other ILDs compared to controls. Additionally, following AIM2 activation IL-1β release was significantly higher in IPF compared to controls, whereas similar trends were observed in Non-IPF-ILDs. NLRC4 activation was similar across groups. mtROS was significantly associated with heightened NLRP3 and AIM2 activation, and mitochondrial antioxidant treatment limited inflammasome activation. Importantly, microbial burden was linked to baseline IL-1β release and AIM2 and IL-18 relative expression independently of mtROS. In conclusion, the above findings suggested a link between the overactivation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, driven by mitochondrial oxidation, in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis while changes in the microbiota may prime the inflammasome in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Trachalaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Semeli Mastrodimou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rachele Invernizzi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Vasarmidi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni Bibaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzanakis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy as an Informational Reservoir Dynamically Linked to Metabolic and Immunological Processes Associated with COVID-19 Neurological Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:99-107. [PMID: 34117968 PMCID: PMC8196276 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is the dynamically determined co-expression of wild type (WT) inherited polymorphisms and collective time-dependent somatic mutations within individual mtDNA genomes. The temporal expression and distribution of cell-specific and tissue-specific mtDNA heteroplasmy in healthy individuals may be functionally associated with intracellular mitochondrial signaling pathways and nuclear DNA gene expression. The maintenance of endogenously regulated tissue-specific copy numbers of heteroplasmic mtDNA may represent a sensitive biomarker of homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic integrity, and immune competence. Myeloid cells, monocytes, macrophages, and antigen-presenting dendritic cells undergo programmed changes in mitochondrial metabolism according to innate and adaptive immunological processes. In the central nervous system (CNS), the polarization of activated microglial cells is dependent on strategically programmed changes in mitochondrial function. Therefore, variations in heteroplasmic mtDNA copy numbers may have functional consequences in metabolically competent mitochondria in innate and adaptive immune processes involving the CNS. Recently, altered mitochondrial function has been demonstrated in the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Accordingly, our review is organized to present convergent lines of empirical evidence that potentially link expression of mtDNA heteroplasmy by functionally interactive CNS cell types to the extent and severity of acute and chronic post-COVID-19 neurological disorders.
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Künstner A, Aherrahrou R, Hirose M, Bruse P, Ibrahim SM, Busch H, Erdmann J, Aherrahrou Z. Effect of Differences in the Microbiome of Cyp17a1-Deficient Mice on Atherosclerotic Background. Cells 2021; 10:1292. [PMID: 34070975 PMCID: PMC8224745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP17A1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that has 17-alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities. Cyp17a11 deficiency is associated with high body mass and visceral fat deposition in atherosclerotic female ApoE knockout (KO, d/d or -/-) mice. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of diet and Cyp17a1 genotype on the gut microbiome. Female Cyp17a1 (d/d) × ApoE (d/d) (DKO) and ApoE (d/d) (controls) were fed either standard chow or a Western-type diet (WTD), and we demonstrated the effects of genetics and diet on the body mass of the mice and composition of their gut microbiome. We found a significantly lower alpha diversity after accounting for the ecological network structure in DKO mice and WTD-fed mice compared with chow-fed ApoE(d/d). Furthermore, we found a strong significant positive association of the Firmicutes vs. Bacteroidota ratio with body mass and the circulating total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of the mice when feeding the WTD, independent of the Cyp17a1 genotype. Further pathway enrichment and network analyses revealed a substantial effect of Cyp17a1 genotype on associated cardiovascular and obesity-related pathways involving aspartate and L-arginine. Future studies are required to validate these findings and further investigate the role of aspartate/L-arginine pathways in the obesity and body fat distribution in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (H.B.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
- Centre for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717, USA
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Petra Bruse
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Saleh Mohamed Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (H.B.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (R.A.); (P.B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Wang S, Wu K, Xue D, Zhang C, Rajput SA, Qi D. Mechanism of deoxynivalenol mediated gastrointestinal toxicity: Insights from mitochondrial dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112214. [PMID: 33930483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin predominantly produced by Fusarium genus, and widely contaminates cereals and associated products all over the world. The intestinal toxicity of DON is well established. However, intestinal homeostasis involves mitochondria, which has rarely been considered in the context of DON exposure. We summarize the recent knowledge on mitochondria as a key player in maintaining intestinal homeostasis based on their functions in cellular energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, apoptosis, intestinal immune responses, and orchestrated bidirectional cross-talk with gut microbe. In addition, we discuss the pivotal roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestinal toxicity of DON and highlight promising mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for DON-induced intestinal injury. Recent studies support that the intestinal toxicity of DON is attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by failure in respiratory capacities and ROS overproduction has been demonstrated in intestinal cells exposed to DON. Perturbation of mitochondrial respiration leading to ROS accumulation is implicated in the early initiation of apoptosis. DON-induced intestinal inflammatory response is tightly linked to the mitochondrial ROS, whereas immunosuppression is intimately associated with mitophagy inhibition. DON perturbs the orchestrated bidirectional cross-talk between gut microbe and host mitochondria, which may be involved in DON-induced intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Dongfang Xue
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Redhai S, Boutros M. The Role of Organelles in Intestinal Function, Physiology, and Disease. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:485-499. [PMID: 33551307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestine maintains homeostasis by coordinating internal biological processes to adjust to fluctuating external conditions. The intestinal epithelium is continuously renewed and comprises multiple cell types, including absorptive cells, secretory cells, and resident stem cells. An important feature of this organ is its ability to coordinate many processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, damage/stress response, immune activity, feeding behavior, and age-related changes by using conserved signaling pathways. However, the subcellular spatial organization of these signaling events and the organelles involved has only recently been studied in detail. Here we discuss how organelles of intestinal cells serve to initiate, mediate, and terminate signals, that are vital for homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Redhai
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Heidelberg University, BioQuant and Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, and Heidelberg University, BioQuant and Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Sünderhauf A, Hicken M, Schlichting H, Skibbe K, Ragab M, Raschdorf A, Hirose M, Schäffler H, Bokemeyer A, Bettenworth D, Savitt AG, Perner S, Ibrahim S, Peerschke EI, Ghebrehiwet B, Derer S, Sina C. Loss of Mucosal p32/gC1qR/HABP1 Triggers Energy Deficiency and Impairs Goblet Cell Differentiation in Ulcerative Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:229-250. [PMID: 33515804 PMCID: PMC8135049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cell differentiation in the colonic crypt is driven by a metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation. Mitochondrial and goblet cell dysfunction have been attributed to the pathology of ulcerative colitis (UC). We hypothesized that p32/gC1qR/HABP1, which critically maintains oxidative phosphorylation, is involved in goblet cell differentiation and hence in the pathogenesis of UC. METHODS Ex vivo, goblet cell differentiation in relation to p32 expression and mitochondrial function was studied in tissue biopsies from UC patients versus controls. Functional studies were performed in goblet cell-like HT29-MTX cells in vitro. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V-deficient, ATP8 mutant mice were utilized as a confirmatory model. Nutritional intervention studies were performed in C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS In UC patients in remission, colonic goblet cell differentiation was significantly decreased compared to controls in a p32-dependent manner. Plasma/serum L-lactate and colonic pAMPK level were increased, pointing at high glycolytic activity and energy deficiency. Consistently, p32 silencing in mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells abolished butyrate-induced differentiation and induced a shift towards glycolysis. In ATP8 mutant mice, colonic p32 expression correlated with loss of differentiated goblet cells, resulting in a thinner mucus layer. Conversely, feeding mice an isocaloric glucose-free, high-protein diet increased mucosal energy supply that promoted colonic p32 level, goblet cell differentiation and mucus production. CONCLUSION We here describe a new molecular mechanism linking mucosal energy deficiency in UC to impaired, p32-dependent goblet cell differentiation that may be therapeutically prevented by nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sünderhauf
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maren Hicken
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heidi Schlichting
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Skibbe
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mohab Ragab
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Raschdorf
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Holger Schäffler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arne Bokemeyer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne G Savitt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ellinor I Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Stefanie Derer
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Christian Sina
- Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Nutritional Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Schilf P, Künstner A, Olbrich M, Waschina S, Fuchs B, Galuska CE, Braun A, Neuschütz K, Seutter M, Bieber K, Hellberg L, Sina C, Laskay T, Rupp J, Ludwig RJ, Zillikens D, Busch H, Sadik CD, Hirose M, Ibrahim SM. A Mitochondrial Polymorphism Alters Immune Cell Metabolism and Protects Mice from Skin Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031006. [PMID: 33498298 PMCID: PMC7863969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genetic variants in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), including ancient polymorphisms, are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, but investigating the functional consequences of such mtDNA polymorphisms in humans is challenging due to the influence of many other polymorphisms in both mtDNA and the nuclear genome (nDNA). Here, using the conplastic mouse strain B6-mtFVB, we show that in mice, a maternally inherited natural mutation (m.7778G > T) in the mitochondrially encoded gene ATP synthase 8 (mt-Atp8) of complex V impacts on the cellular metabolic profile and effector functions of CD4+ T cells and induces mild changes in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex activities. These changes culminated in significantly lower disease susceptibility in two models of inflammatory skin disease. Our findings provide experimental evidence that a natural variation in mtDNA influences chronic inflammatory conditions through alterations in cellular metabolism and the systemic metabolic profile without causing major dysfunction in the OXPHOS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schilf
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Axel Künstner
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Michael Olbrich
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Silvio Waschina
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Beate Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Core Facility Metabolomics, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (B.F.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Christina E. Galuska
- Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Core Facility Metabolomics, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (B.F.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Anne Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.); (D.Z.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Kerstin Neuschütz
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Malte Seutter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.); (D.Z.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Katja Bieber
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Lars Hellberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (L.H.); (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (L.H.); (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (L.H.); (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.); (D.Z.); (C.D.S.)
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.); (D.Z.); (C.D.S.)
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.O.); (K.N.); (K.B.); (R.J.L.); (H.B.)
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, UAE
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.M.I.)
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Lechuga-Vieco AV, Justo-Méndez R, Enríquez JA. Not all mitochondrial DNAs are made equal and the nucleus knows it. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:511-529. [PMID: 33369015 PMCID: PMC7985871 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is the only structure in animal cells with components encoded by two genomes, maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and biparentally transmitted nuclear DNA (nDNA). MtDNA‐encoded genes have to physically assemble with their counterparts encoded in the nucleus to build together the functional respiratory complexes. Therefore, structural and functional matching requirements between the protein subunits of these molecular complexes are rigorous. The crosstalk between nDNA and mtDNA needs to overcome some challenges, as the nuclear‐encoded factors have to be imported into the mitochondria in a correct quantity and match the high number of organelles and genomes per mitochondria that encode and synthesize their own components locally. The cell is able to sense the mito‐nuclear match through changes in the activity of the OXPHOS system, modulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis, or reactive oxygen species production. This implies that a complex signaling cascade should optimize OXPHOS performance to the cellular‐specific requirements, which will depend on cell type, environmental conditions, and life stage. Therefore, the mitochondria would function as a cellular metabolic information hub integrating critical information that would feedback the nucleus for it to respond accordingly. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex interaction between mtDNA and nDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Victoria Lechuga-Vieco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Justo-Méndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Roles of mitochondria in the hallmarks of metastasis. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:124-135. [PMID: 33144695 PMCID: PMC7782743 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial contributions to cancer have been recognised for approximately a century, given that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is dwarfed by the size of the nuclear genome (nDNA), nuclear genetics has represented a focal point in cancer biology, often at the expense of mtDNA and mitochondria. However, genomic sequencing and advances in in vivo models underscore the importance of mtDNA and mitochondria in cancer and metastasis. In this review, we explore the roles of mitochondria in the four defined ‘hallmarks of metastasis’: motility and invasion, microenvironment modulation, plasticity and colonisation. Biochemical processes within the mitochondria of both cancer cells and the stromal cells with which they interact are critical for each metastatic hallmark. We unravel complex dynamics in mitochondrial contributions to cancer, which are context-dependent and capable of either promoting metastasis or being leveraged to prevent it at various points of the metastatic cascade. Ultimately, mitochondrial contributions to cancer and metastasis are rooted in the capacity of these organelles to tune metabolic and genetic responses to dynamic microenvironmental cues.
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32
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Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Wu WK, Orekhov AN. A Novel Insight at Atherogenesis: The Role of Microbiome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586189. [PMID: 33072766 PMCID: PMC7536348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an important task of current medicine to identify mechanisms and new markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in order to develop early targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, since it causes such widespread diseases as myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, and other common reasons of disability and mortality in developed countries. In recent years, studies of the human microbiome in different fields of medicine have become increasingly popular; there is evidence from numerous studies of the significant contribution of microbiome in different steps of atherogenesis. This review attempted to determine the current status of the databases PubMed and Scopus (until May, 2020) to highlight current ideas on the potential role of microbiome and its metabolites in atherosclerosis development, its mechanisms of action in lipids metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory pathways, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results of clinical studies elucidating the relationship of microbiome with subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease considered in this article demonstrate strong association of microbiome composition and its metabolites with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Data on microbiome impact in atherogenesis open a wide perspective to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, but further comprehensive studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Grond K, Bell KC, Demboski JR, Santos M, Sullivan JM, Hird SM. No evidence for phylosymbiosis in western chipmunk species. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5626339. [PMID: 31730167 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylosymbiosis refers to a congruent pattern between the similarity of microbiomes of different species and the branching pattern of the host phylogeny. Phylosymbiosis has been detected in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, but has only been assessed in geographically isolated populations. We tested for phylosymbiosis in eight (sub)species of western chipmunks with overlapping ranges and ecological niches; we used a nuclear (Acrosin) and a mitochondrial (CYTB) phylogenetic marker because there are many instances of mitochondrial introgression in chipmunks. We predicted that similarity among microbiomes increases with: (1) increasing host mitochondrial relatedness, (2) increasing host nuclear genome relatedness and (3) decreasing geographic distance among hosts. We did not find statistical evidence supporting phylosymbiosis in western chipmunks. Furthermore, in contrast to studies of other mammalian microbiomes, similarity of chipmunk microbiomes is not predominantly determined by host species. Sampling site explained most variation in microbiome composition, indicating an important role of local environment in shaping microbiomes. Fecal microbiomes of chipmunks were dominated by Bacteroidetes (72.2%), followed by Firmicutes (24.5%), which is one of the highest abundances of Bacteroidetes detected in wild mammals. Future work will need to elucidate the effects of habitat, ecology and host genomics on chipmunk microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Grond
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Kayce C Bell
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - John R Demboski
- Zoology Department, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd, Denver, CO, 80205, USA
| | - Malia Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Life Sciences South 252, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Jack M Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Life Sciences South 252, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Sarah M Hird
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 67 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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34
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Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109737. [PMID: 32810578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the connections between mitochondria and the gut microbiome provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examine the mitochondrion as an endosymbiotic organelle that is a hub for energy production, signaling, and cell homeostasis. Maintaining a diverse gut microbiome is generally associated with organismal fitness, intestinal health and resistance to environmental stress. In contrast, gut microbiome imbalance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a reduction in organismal well-being. ROS are essential signaling molecules but can be damaging when present in excess. Increasing ROS levels have been shown to influence human health, homeostasis of gut cells, and the gastrointestinal microbial community's biodiversity. Reciprocally, gut microbes can affect ROS levels, mitochondrial homeostasis, and host health. We propose that mechanistic understanding of the suite of bi-directional interactions between mitochondria and the gut microbiome will facilitate innovative interdisciplinary studies examining evolutionary divergence and provide novel treatments and therapeutics for disease. GLOSS: In this review, we focus on the nexus between mitochondria and the gut microbiome provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are a cell organelle that is derived from an ancestral alpha-proteobacteria. They generate around 80% of the adenosine triphosphate that an organism needs to function and release a range of signaling molecules essential for cellular homeostasis. The gut microbiome is a suite of microorganisms that are commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic to their host. ROS are one predominant group of essential signaling molecules that can be harmful in excess. We suggest that the mitochondria- microbiome nexus is a frontier of research that has cross-disciplinary benefits in understanding genetic divergence and human well-being.
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Xiao QY, Fang XC, Li XQ, Fei GJ. Ethnic differences in genetic polymorphism associated with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2049-2063. [PMID: 32536774 PMCID: PMC7267697 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in terms of susceptibility and clinical manifestations. Previous studies have shown that genetic polymorphism might play a key role in the onset and progression of IBS by modulating components of its pathogenesis such as the gut-brain axis, gastrointestinal motility, inflammatory activity, and immune status. Although underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully clarified, the potential ethnic differences that are present in worldwide genetic studies of IBS deserve attention. This review surveyed numerous studies focusing on IBS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, and investigated the ethnic disparities revealed by them. The results demonstrate the need for more attention on ethnic factors in IBS-related genetic studies. Taking ethnic backgrounds into accounts and placing emphasis on disparities potentially ascribed to ethnicity could help lay a solid and generalized foundation for transcultural, multi-ethnic, or secondary analyses in IBS, for example, a meta-analysis. Broader genetic studies considering ethnic factors are greatly needed to obtain a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS and to improve the prevention, intervention, and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yun Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Cai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Gui-Jun Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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36
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiome plays a pivotal role in physiological homeostasis of the intestine as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota signal to the mitochondria of mucosal cells, including epithelial cells and immune cells. Gut microbiota signaling to mitochondria has been shown to alter mitochondrial metabolism, activate immune cells, induce inflammasome signaling, and alter epithelial barrier function. Both dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and CRC. This review discusses mitochondrial metabolism of gut mucosal cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and known gut microbiota-mediated mitochondrial alterations during IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota N. Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arianne L. Theiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Arianne L. Theiss Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 250 Hoblitzelle, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX75246, USA
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37
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Aguilar-López BA, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Dockrell HM, Duchen MR, Sánchez-García FJ. Mitochondria: An Integrative Hub Coordinating Circadian Rhythms, Metabolism, the Microbiome, and Immunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:51. [PMID: 32117978 PMCID: PMC7025554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently some understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the interactions between circadian rhythmicity and immunity, metabolism and immune response, and circadian rhythmicity and metabolism. In addition, a wealth of studies have led to the conclusion that the commensal microbiota (mainly bacteria) within the intestine contributes to host homeostasis by regulating circadian rhythmicity, metabolism, and the immune system. Experimental studies on how these four biological domains interact with each other have mainly focused on any two of those domains at a time and only occasionally on three. However, a systematic analysis of how these four domains concurrently interact with each other seems to be missing. We have analyzed current evidence that signposts a role for mitochondria as a key hub that supports and integrates activity across all four domains, circadian clocks, metabolic pathways, the intestinal microbiota, and the immune system, coordinating their integration and crosstalk. This work will hopefully provide a new perspective for both hypothesis-building and more systematic experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Aguilar-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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38
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Zhang Y, Kumarasamy S, Mell B, Cheng X, Morgan EE, Britton SL, Vijay-Kumar M, Koch LG, Joe B. Vertical selection for nuclear and mitochondrial genomes shapes gut microbiota and modifies risks for complex diseases. Physiol Genomics 2019; 52:1-14. [PMID: 31762410 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we postulate that the heritability of complex disease traits previously ascribed solely to the inheritance of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is broadened to encompass a third component of the holobiome, the microbiome. To test this, we expanded on the selectively bred low capacity runner/high capacity runner (LCR/HCR) rat exercise model system into four distinct rat holobiont model frameworks including matched and mismatched host nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Vertical selection of varying nuclear and mitochondrial genomes resulted in differential acquisition of the microbiome within each of these holobiont models. Polygenic disease risk of these novel models were assessed and subsequently correlated with patterns of acquisition and contributions of their microbiomes in controlled laboratory settings. Nuclear-mitochondrial-microbiotal interactions were not for exercise as a reporter of health, but significantly noted for increased adiposity, increased blood pressure, compromised cardiac function, and loss of long-term memory as reporters of disease susceptibility. These findings provide evidence for coselection of the microbiome with nuclear and mitochondrial genomes as an important feature impacting the heritability of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zhang
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Eric E Morgan
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Radiology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Russlies J, Fähnrich A, Witte M, Yin J, Benoit S, Gläser R, Günter C, Eming R, Erdmann J, Gola D, Gupta Y, Holtsche MM, Kern JS, König IR, Kiritsi D, Lieb W, Sadik CD, Sárdy M, Schauer F, van Beek N, Weidinger A, Worm M, Zillikens D, Schmidt E, Busch H, Ibrahim SM, Hirose M. Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome Are Associated With Bullous Pemphigoid in Germans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2200. [PMID: 31824475 PMCID: PMC6883920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune skin blistering disease and is characterized by the generation of autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (type XVII collagen) and BP230. Most intriguingly, BP is distinct from other autoimmune diseases because it predominantly affects elderly individuals above the age of 75 years, raising the question why autoantibodies and the clinical lesions of BP emerges mostly in this later stage of life, even in individuals harboring known putative BP-associated germline gene variants. The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is a potential candidate to provide additional insights into the BP etiology; however, the mtDNA has not been extensively explored to date. Therefore, we sequenced the whole mtDNA of German BP patients (n = 180) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 188) using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, followed by the replication study using Sanger sequencing of an additional independent BP (n = 89) and control cohort (n = 104). While the BP and control groups showed comparable mitochondrial haplogroup distributions, the haplogroup T exhibited a tendency of higher frequency in BP patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases (ND) compared to BP patients without ND (50%; 3 in 6 BP with haplogroup T). A total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mtDNA, namely, m.16263T>C, m.16051A>G, and m.16162A>G in the D-loop region of the mtDNA, and m.11914G>A in the mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4 gene (MT-ND4), were found to be significantly associated with BP based on the meta-analysis of our NGS data and the Sanger sequencing data (p = 0.0017, p = 0.0129, p = 0.0076, and p = 0.0132, respectively, Peto's test). More specifically, the three SNPs in the D-loop region were negatively, and the SNP in the MT-ND4 gene was positively associated with BP. Our study is the first to interrogate the whole mtDNA in BP patients and controls and to implicate multiple novel mtDNA variants in disease susceptibility. Studies using larger cohorts and more diverse populations are warranted to explore the functional consequences of the mtDNA variants identified in this study on immune and skin cells to understand their contributions to BP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Russlies
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Witte
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Junping Yin
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Bioscience, Borstel, Germany
| | - Sandrine Benoit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Günter
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Damian Gola
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Yask Gupta
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Johannes S. Kern
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Miklós Sárdy
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Schauer
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina van Beek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anke Weidinger
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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40
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Sharma A, Smith HJ, Yao P, Mair WB. Causal roles of mitochondrial dynamics in longevity and healthy aging. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48395. [PMID: 31667999 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organized in the cell in the form of a dynamic, interconnected network. Mitochondrial dynamics, regulated by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking, ensure restructuring of this complex reticulum in response to nutrient availability, molecular signals, and cellular stress. Aberrant mitochondrial structures have long been observed in aging and age-related diseases indicating that mitochondrial dynamics are compromised as cells age. However, the specific mechanisms by which aging affects mitochondrial dynamics and whether these changes are causally or casually associated with cellular and organismal aging is not clear. Here, we review recent studies that show specifically how mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking are altered with age. We discuss factors that change with age to directly or indirectly influence mitochondrial dynamics while examining causal roles for altered mitochondrial dynamics in healthy aging and underlying functional outputs that might affect longevity. Lastly, we propose that altered mitochondrial dynamics might not just be a passive consequence of aging but might constitute an adaptive mechanism to mitigate age-dependent cellular impairments and might be targeted to increase longevity and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah J Smith
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pallas Yao
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Yardeni T, Tanes CE, Bittinger K, Mattei LM, Schaefer PM, Singh LN, Wu GD, Murdock DG, Wallace DC. Host mitochondria influence gut microbiome diversity: A role for ROS. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/588/eaaw3159. [PMID: 31266851 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiota and the mitochondrial genome are both linked with the development of disease. To investigate why, we examined the gut microbiota of mice harboring various mutations in genes that alter mitochondrial function. These studies revealed that mitochondrial genetic variations altered the composition of the gut microbiota community. In cross-fostering studies, we found that although the initial microbiota community of newborn mice was that obtained from the nursing mother, the microbiota community progressed toward that characteristic of the microbiome of unfostered pups of the same genotype within 2 months. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA variants associated with altered gut microbiota suggested that microbiome species diversity correlated with host reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. To determine whether the abundance of ROS could alter the gut microbiota, mice were aged, treated with N-acetylcysteine, or engineered to express the ROS scavenger catalase specifically within the mitochondria. All three conditions altered the microbiota from that initially established. Thus, these data suggest that the mitochondrial genotype modulates both ROS production and the species diversity of the gut microbiome, implying that the connection between the gut microbiome and common disease phenotypes might be due to underlying changes in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Yardeni
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ceylan E Tanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa M Mattei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Schaefer
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah G Murdock
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hirose M, Künstner A, Schilf P, Tietjen AK, Jöhren O, Huebbe P, Rimbach G, Rupp J, Schwaninger M, Busch H, Ibrahim SM. A Natural mtDNA Polymorphism in Complex III Is a Modifier of Healthspan in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2359. [PMID: 31085998 PMCID: PMC6539666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we provide experimental evidence that a maternally inherited polymorphism in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mt-Cytb; m.15124A>G, Ile-Val) in mitochondrial complex III resulted in middle-aged obesity and higher susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, as well as age-related inflammatory disease, e.g., ulcerative dermatitis, in mice. As a consequence of the gene variation, we observed alterations in body composition, metabolism and mitochondrial functions, i.e., increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and higher levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as in the commensal bacterial composition in the gut, with higher abundance of Proteobacteria in mice carrying the variant. These observations are in line with the previously described links of the mitochondrial complex III gene with obesity and metabolic diseases in humans. Given that these functional changes by the G variant at m.15124 in the mt-Cytb are already present in young mice that were kept under normal condition, it is plausible that the m.15124A>G variant is a disease susceptibility modifier to the diseases induced by additional stressors, i.e., dietary and/or aging stress, and that the variant results in the higher incidence of clinical diseases presentation in C57BL/6J-mt129S1/SvlmJ than C57BL/6J mice. Thus, mtDNA variants could be potential biomarkers to evaluate the healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hirose
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Axel Künstner
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Paul Schilf
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Anna Katharina Tietjen
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Institute for Cardiogenetics and Center for research of inflammatory skin disease (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for research of inflammatory skin disease (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
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Scheid AD, Beadnell TC, Welch DR. The second genome: Effects of the mitochondrial genome on cancer progression. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 142:63-105. [PMID: 30885364 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of genetics in cancer has been recognized for centuries, but most studies elucidating genetic contributions to cancer have understandably focused on the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial contributions to cancer pathogenesis have been documented for decades, but how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) influences cancer progression and metastasis remains poorly understood. This lack of understanding stems from difficulty isolating the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes as experimental variables, which is critical for investigating direct mtDNA contributions to disease given extensive crosstalk exists between both genomes. Several in vitro and in vivo models have isolated mtDNA as an independent variable from the nuclear genome. This review compares and contrasts different models, their advantages and disadvantages for studying mtDNA contributions to cancer, focusing on the mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mouse model and findings regarding tumor progression, metastasis, and other complex cancer-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Kramer P, Bressan P. Mitochondria Inspire a Lifestyle. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019; 231:105-126. [PMID: 30610376 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tucked inside our cells, we animals (and plants, and fungi) carry mitochondria, minuscule descendants of bacteria that invaded our common ancestor 2 billion years ago. This unplanned breakthrough endowed our ancestors with a convenient, portable source of energy, enabling them to progress towards more ambitious forms of life. Mitochondria still manufacture most of our energy; we have evolved to invest it to grow and produce offspring, and to last long enough to make it all happen. Yet because the continuous generation of energy is inevitably linked to that of toxic free radicals, mitochondria give us life and give us death. Stripping away clutter and minutiae, here we present a big-picture perspective of how mitochondria work, how they are passed on virtually only by mothers, and how they shape the lifestyles of species and individuals. We discuss why restricting food prolongs lifespan, why reproducing shortens it, and why moving about protects us from free radicals despite increasing their production. We show that our immune cells use special mitochondria to keep control over our gut microbes. And we lay out how the fabrication of energy and free radicals sets the internal clocks that command our everyday rhythms-waking, eating, sleeping. Mitochondria run the show.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kramer
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Bressan
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and gut microbiota imbalance: An intriguing relationship in chronic kidney disease. Mitochondrion 2018; 47:206-209. [PMID: 30408595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Experimental evidence that thermal selection shapes mitochondrial genome evolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9500. [PMID: 29934612 PMCID: PMC6015072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles, found within eukaryotic cells, which contain their own DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has traditionally been used in population genetic and biogeographic studies as a maternally-inherited and evolutionary-neutral genetic marker. However, it is now clear that polymorphisms within the mtDNA sequence are routinely non-neutral, and furthermore several studies have suggested that such mtDNA polymorphisms are also sensitive to thermal selection. These observations led to the formulation of the “mitochondrial climatic adaptation” hypothesis, for which all published evidence to date is correlational. Here, we use laboratory-based experimental evolution in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to test whether thermal selection can shift population frequencies of two mtDNA haplogroups whose natural frequencies exhibit clinal associations with latitude along the Australian east-coast. We present experimental evidence that the thermal regime in which the laboratory populations were maintained drove changes in haplogroup frequencies across generations. Our results strengthen the emerging view that intra-specific mtDNA variants are sensitive to selection, and suggest spatial distributions of mtDNA variants in natural populations of metazoans might reflect adaptation to climatic environments rather than within-population coalescence and diffusion of selectively-neutral haplotypes across populations.
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