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Guan L, Zhang L, Gong D, Li P, Zhu S, Tang J, Du M, Zhang M, Zou Y. Genipin improves obesity through promoting bile secretion and changing bile acids composition in diet-induced obese rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:897-907. [PMID: 38727186 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bile acids (BAs), as signaling molecules to regulate metabolism, have received considerable attention. Genipin is an iridoid compound extracted from Fructus Gradeniae, which has been shown to relieve adiposity and metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the mechanism of genipin counteracting obesity and its relationship with BAs signals in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. METHODS The DIO rats were received intraperitoneal injections of genipin for 10 days. The body weight, visceral fat, lipid metabolism in the liver, thermogenic genes expressions in brown fat, BAs metabolism and signals, and key enzymes for BAs synthesis were determined. KEY FINDINGS Genipin inhibited fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis in the liver, and upregulated thermogenic gene expressions in brown adipose tissue of DIO rats. Genipin increased bile flow rate and upregulated the expressions of aquaporin 8 and the transporters of BAs in liver. Furthermore, genipin changed BAs composition by promoting alternative pathways and inhibiting classical pathways for BAs synthesis and upregulated the expressions of bile acid receptors synchronously. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that genipin ameliorate obesity through BAs-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Dezheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Jiulan Tang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Man Du
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Maokun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
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2
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Wu KLH, Wu CW, Chen LW, Chang HH, Cheng CL, Wu CY, Lee YC, Chen IC, Hung CY, Liu WC. Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated aortic perivascular adipose tissue-associated vascular reactivity impairment under excessive fructose intake. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38167066 PMCID: PMC10763079 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose intake presents the major risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a metabolic tissue and possesses a paracrine function in regulating aortic reactivity. However, whether and how PVAT alters vascular function under fructose overconsumption remains largely unknown. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were fed a 60% high fructose diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood sugar, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly increased by HFD intake. Plasma adiponectin was significantly enhanced in the HFD group. The expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial mass were reduced in the aortic PVAT of the HFD group. Concurrently, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were suppressed. Furthermore, decreased fusion proteins (OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2) were accompanied by increased fission proteins (FIS1 and phospho-DRP1). Notably, the upregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteocalcin in the PVAT were concurrent with the impaired reactivity of aortic contraction and relaxation. Coenzyme Q10 (Q, 10 mg/100 mL, 4 weeks) effectively reversed the aforementioned events induced by HFD. Together, these results suggested that the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated HFD-triggered PVAT whitening to impair aortic reactivity. Fortunately, coenzyme Q10 treatment reversed HFD-induced PVAT whitening and aortic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Counseling, National ChiaYi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Huang Chang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Li Cheng
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cai-Yi Wu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chung Liu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Matheus VA, Oliveira RB, Maschio DA, Tada SFS, Soares GM, Mousovich-Neto F, Costa RG, Mori MA, Barbosa HCL, Collares-Buzato CB. Butyrate restores the fat/lean mass ratio balance and energy metabolism and reinforces the tight junction-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier in prediabetic mice independently of its anti-inflammatory and epigenetic actions. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109409. [PMID: 37364792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue/cellular actions of butyrate on energy metabolism and intestinal barrier in normal metabolic conditions or prediabetes are still unclear. In this work, we investigated the beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate on energy metabolism, body mass composition, and intestinal epithelial barrier mediated by tight junction (TJ) in chow diet-fed normal and high-fat diet (HF)-fed prediabetic mice, considering the well-known butyrate action as an epigenetic and inflammatory regulator. Butyrate significantly reduced the fat/lean mass ratio, slightly ameliorated dyslipidemia, restored oral glucose tolerance, and increased basal energy expenditure in prediabetic HF-fed mice but had no effect on control animals. Such effects were observed in the absence of significant alterations in the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic genes and motor activity. Also, butyrate suppressed the whitening effect of HF on brown adipose tissue but did not affect cell bioenergetics in immortalized UCP1-positive adipocytes in vitro. Butyrate reinforced the intestinal epithelial barrier in HF-fed mice and in Caco-2 monolayers, which involved higher trafficking of TJ proteins to the cell-cell contact region of the intestinal epithelia, without affecting TJ gene expression or the acetylation level of histones H3 and H4 in vivo. All metabolic and intestinal effects of butyrate in prediabetic mice occurred in the absence of detectable changes in systemic or local inflammation, or alterations in endotoxemia markers. Butyrate has no effect on chow diet-fed mice but, in the context of HF-induced prediabetes, it prevents metabolic and intestinal dysfunctions independently of its anti-inflammatory and epigenetic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquiria A Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo B Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Maschio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Susely F S Tada
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul G Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla B Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pierucci F, Chirco A, Meacci E. Irisin Is Target of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10548. [PMID: 37445724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone-like myokine produced in abundance by skeletal muscle (SkM) in response to exercise. This myokine, identical in humans and mice, is involved in many signaling pathways related to metabolic processes. Despite much evidence on the regulators of irisin and the relevance of sphingolipids for SkM cell biology, the contribution of these latter bioactive lipids to the modulation of the myokine in SkM is missing. In particular, we have examined the potential involvement in irisin formation/release of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an interesting bioactive molecule able to act as an intracellular lipid mediator as well as a ligand of specific G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR). We demonstrate the existence of distinct intracellular pools of S1P able to affect the expression of the irisin precursor FNDC. In addition, we establish the crucial role of the S1P/S1PR axis in irisin formation/release as well as the autocrine/paracrine effects of irisin on myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Altogether, these findings provide the first evidence for a functional crosstalk between the S1P/S1PR axis and irisin signaling, which may open new windows for potential therapeutic treatment of SkM dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antony Chirco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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5
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Zhu T, Chen X, Jiang S. Progress and obstacles in transplantation of brown adipose tissue or engineered cells with thermogenic potential for metabolic benefits. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191278. [PMID: 37265692 PMCID: PMC10230949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), engineered thermogenic progenitor cells, and adipocytes have received much attention for the improvement of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, even though the thermogenic and metabolic potential exists early after transplantation, the whitening of the brown fat graft occurs with metabolic function significantly impaired. In this review, specific experiment designs, graft outcomes, and metabolic benefits for the transplantation of BAT or engineered cells will be discussed. The current advancements will offer guidance to further investigation, and the obstacles appearing in previous studies will require innovation of BAT transplantation methods.
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Kaur J, Singh DP, Kumar V, Kaur S, Bhunia RK, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A, Bishnoi M. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) based polypharmacological combination stimulates energy expending phenotype to reverse HFD-induced obesity in mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121704. [PMID: 37075945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic leading to decreased quality of life, higher medical expenses and significant morbidity. Enhancing energy expenditure and substrate utilization in adipose tissues through dietary constituents and polypharmacological approaches is gaining importance for the prevention and therapeutics of obesity. An important factor in this regard is Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel modulation and resultant activation of "brite" phenotype. Various dietary TRP channel agonists like capsaicin (TRPV1), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1), and menthol (TRPM8) have shown anti-obesity effects, individually and in combination. We aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of such combination of sub-effective doses of these agents against diet-induced obesity, and explore the involved cellular processes. KEY FINDINGS The combination of sub-effective doses of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and menthol induced "brite" phenotype in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese mice. The intervention prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and weight gain, enhanced the thermogenic potential, mitochondrial biogenesis and overall activation of brown adipose tissue. These changes observed in vitro as well as in vivo, were linked to increased phosphorylation of kinases, AMPK and ERK. In the liver, the combination treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved gluconeogenic potential and lipolysis, prevented fatty acid accumulation and enhanced glucose utilization. SIGNIFICANCE We report on the discovery of therapeutic potential of TRP-based dietary triagonist combination against HFD-induced abnormalities in metabolic tissues. Our findings indicate that a common central mechanism may affect multiple peripheral tissues. This study opens up avenues of development of therapeutic functional foods for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Neurotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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7
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Taiwanese green propolis ameliorates metabolic syndrome via remodeling of white adipose tissue and modulation of gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114386. [PMID: 36773526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy intake leads to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and puts surrounding tissues under oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome. Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the benefits of TGP on metabolic syndrome have not been explained in detail. In this study, we examined the preventive effects of TGP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The results showed that TGP supplementation at 1000 ppm improved condition such as hyperlipidemia, fat accumulation, liver steatosis, and whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice. In addition, we observed more cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis by BAT in TGP treatment with 1000 ppm group. At lower dose of 500 ppm, TGP improved glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity in HFD mice and restructured the composition of gut microbiota to reduce dysbiosis, which involved an increase in the abundance of metabolism-related bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and the decrease in Desulfovibrio. The change of dominant microbiota was associated with the homeostasis of blood glucose and lipid. Transcriptome and micro-western array analysis revealed that TGP supplementation at 500 ppm promoted the browning and adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT), blocked inflammation signaling and attenuated reactive oxygen species, contributing to healthy WAT remodeling and offsetting negative metabolic effects of obesity. We concluded that TGP modulated the function of BAT, WAT, and gut microbiota, bringing a balance to the glucose and lipid homeostasis in the body.
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
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10
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Increased Aquaporin-7 Expression Is Associated with Changes in Rat Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Obesity: Impact of Cold Exposure and Bariatric Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043412. [PMID: 36834823 PMCID: PMC9963055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is a key metabolite for lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues. We examined the role of aquaporin-7 (AQP7), the main glycerol channel in adipocytes, in the improvement of brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, a process whereby brown adipocytes differentiate into white-like unilocular cells, after cold exposure or bariatric surgery in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) (n = 229). DIO promoted BAT whitening, evidenced by increased BAT hypertrophy, steatosis and upregulation of the lipogenic factors Pparg2, Mogat2 and Dgat1. AQP7 was detected in BAT capillary endothelial cells and brown adipocytes, and its expression was upregulated by DIO. Interestingly, AQP7 gene and protein expressions were downregulated after cold exposure (4 °C) for 1 week or one month after sleeve gastrectomy in parallel to the improvement of BAT whitening. Moreover, Aqp7 mRNA expression was positively associated with transcripts of the lipogenic factors Pparg2, Mogat2 and Dgat1 and regulated by lipogenic (ghrelin) and lipolytic (isoproterenol and leptin) signals. Together, the upregulation of AQP7 in DIO might contribute to glycerol influx used for triacylglycerol synthesis in brown adipocytes, and hence, BAT whitening. This process is reversible by cold exposure and bariatric surgery, thereby suggesting the potential of targeting BAT AQP7 as an anti-obesity therapy.
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11
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Da Eira D, Jani S, Ceddia RB. An obesogenic diet impairs uncoupled substrate oxidation and promotes whitening of the brown adipose tissue in rats. J Physiol 2023; 601:69-82. [PMID: 36419345 DOI: 10.1113/jp283721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is rich in mitochondria containing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and dissipates energy through thermogenesis. However, even though BAT mass and its UCP1 content increase in rodents chronically fed a high-fat sucrose-enriched (HFS) diet, marked expansion of adiposity still occurs in these animals, suggesting insufficient BAT-mediated HFS diet-induced thermogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and molecular mechanisms that regulate BAT thermogenesis in HFS-induced obesity. To accomplish this, rats were fed either a standard chow or HFS diet for 8 weeks. Subsequently, glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes were assessed in freshly isolated primary BAT adipocytes. Despite increasing BAT mass and its UCP1 content, the HFS diet reduced uncoupled glucose and palmitate oxidation in BAT adipocytes. It also markedly diminished tyrosine hydroxylase content and lipolysis in these cells. Conversely, glucose uptake, lactate production, glycerol incorporation into lipids, palmitate incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol kinase levels, and lipoprotein lipase and cluster of differentiation 36 gene expression were increased. In summary, a HFS diet enhanced glyceroneogenesis and shifted BAT metabolism toward TAG synthesis by impairing UCP1-mediated substrate oxidation and by enhancing fatty acid esterification in intact brown adipocytes. These adaptive metabolic responses to chronic HFS feeding attenuated BAT thermogenic capacity and favoured the development of obesity. KEY POINTS: Despite increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and levels of thermogenic proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), an obesogenic high-fat sucrose-enriched (HFS) diet attenuated uncoupled glucose and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipocytes. Brown adipocytes diverted glycerol and fatty acids toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis by elevating the cellular machinery that promotes fatty acid uptake along with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol kinase levels. The HFS diet increased glucose uptake that supported lactate production and provided substrate for glyceroneogenesis and TAG synthesis in brown adipocytes. Impaired UCP-1-mediated thermogenic capacity and enhanced TAG storage in BAT adipocytes were consistent with reduced adipose triglyceride lipase and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in HFS diet-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Da Eira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shailee Jani
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Dose-Dependent Effect of Melatonin on BAT Thermogenesis in Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rat: Future Clinical Implications for Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091646. [PMID: 36139720 PMCID: PMC9495691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data have revealed that melatonin at high doses reduced obesity and improved metabolic outcomes in experimental models of obesity, mainly by enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. A potential dose-response relationship has yet to be performed to translate these promising findings into potential clinical therapy. This study aimed to assess the effects of different doses of melatonin on interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic capacity in Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. At 6 wk of age, male ZDF rats were divided into four groups (n = 4 per group): control and those treated with different doses of melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg of body weight) in their drinking water for 6 wk. Body weight (BW) was significantly decreased at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg of melatonin, but not at 0.1 mg/kg compared with the control, with a similar rate of BW decrease being reached at the dose of 1 mg/kg (by ~11%) and 10 mg/kg (by ~12%). This effect was associated with a dose-dependent increase in the thermal response to the baseline condition or acute cold challenge in the interscapular area measurable by infrared thermography, with the highest thermal response being recorded at the 10 mg/kg dose. Upon histology, melatonin treatment markedly restored the typical brownish appearance of the tissue and promoted a shift in size distribution toward smaller adipocytes in a dose-dependent fashion, with the most pronounced brownish phenotype being observed at 10 mg/kg of melatonin. As a hallmark of thermogenesis, the protein level of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) from immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis increased significantly and dose-dependently at all three doses of melatonin, reaching the highest level at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Likewise, all three doses of melatonin modulated iBAT mitochondrial dynamics by increasing protein expression of the optic atrophy protein type 1 (OPA1) fusion marker and decreasing that of the dynamin-related protein1 (DRP1) fission marker, again dose-dependently, with the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively, being reached at the 10 mg/kg dose. These findings highlight for the first time the relevance of the dose-dependency of melatonin toward BW control and BAT thermogenic activation, which may have potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of obesity. To clinically apply the potential therapeutic of melatonin for obesity, we consider that the effective animal doses that should be extrapolated to obese individuals may be within the dose range of 1 to 10 mg/kg.
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13
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Queiroz AL, Dantas E, Ramsamooj S, Murthy A, Ahmed M, Zunica ERM, Liang RJ, Murphy J, Holman CD, Bare CJ, Ghahramani G, Wu Z, Cohen DE, Kirwan JP, Cantley LC, Axelrod CL, Goncalves MD. Blocking ActRIIB and restoring appetite reverses cachexia and improves survival in mice with lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4633. [PMID: 35941104 PMCID: PMC9360437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a common, debilitating condition with limited therapeutic options. Using an established mouse model of lung cancer, we find that cachexia is characterized by reduced food intake, spontaneous activity, and energy expenditure accompanied by muscle metabolic dysfunction and atrophy. We identify Activin A as a purported driver of cachexia and treat with ActRIIB-Fc, a decoy ligand for TGF-β/activin family members, together with anamorelin (Ana), a ghrelin receptor agonist, to reverse muscle dysfunction and anorexia, respectively. Ana effectively increases food intake but only the combination of drugs increases lean mass, restores spontaneous activity, and improves overall survival. These beneficial effects are limited to female mice and are dependent on ovarian function. In agreement, high expression of Activin A in human lung adenocarcinoma correlates with unfavorable prognosis only in female patients, despite similar expression levels in both sexes. This study suggests that multimodal, sex-specific, therapies are needed to reverse cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Lima Queiroz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anirudh Murthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mujmmail Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jessica Murphy
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Corey D Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Curtis J Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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14
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Stanek E, Pacia MZ, Kaczor A, Czamara K. The distinct phenotype of primary adipocytes and adipocytes derived from stem cells of white adipose tissue as assessed by Raman and fluorescence imaging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:383. [PMID: 35752714 PMCID: PMC9233632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy-based analysis of chemical composition of cells is a tool still scarcely used in biological sciences, although it provides unique information about the cell identity accessible in vivo and in situ. Through time-lapse spectroscopic monitoring of adipogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue-derived stem cells we have demonstrated that considerable chemical and functional changes occur along with cells differentiation and maturation, yet yielding mature adipocytes with a similar chemical composition, independent of the cellular origin (white or brown adipose tissue). However, in essence, these stem cell-derived adipocytes have a markedly different chemical composition compared to mature primary adipocytes. The consequences of this different chemical (and, hence, functional) identity have great importance in the context of selecting a suitable methodology for adipogenesis studies, particularly in obesity-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stanek
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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15
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Nguyen ST, Fujita N, Oshima T, Nishihira M, Ohno H, Yoneda M, Urakawa S. Effects of long-term childhood exercise and detraining on lipid accumulation in metabolic-related organs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270330. [PMID: 35749411 PMCID: PMC9231767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The preventive effects of regular exercise on obesity-related health problems are carried over to the non-exercise detraining period, even when physical activity decreases with aging. However, it remains unknown whether regular childhood exercises can be carried over to adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term childhood exercise and detraining on lipid accumulation in organs to prevent obesity in adulthood. Four-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as obese animals. OLETF rats were allocated into sedentary and exercise groups: exercise from 4- to 12-week-old and detraining from 12- to 20-week-old. At 12-week-old immediately after the exercise period, regular exercise completely inhibited hyperphagia, obesity, enlarged pancreatic islets, lipid accumulation and lobular inflammation in the liver, hypertrophied adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening in OLETF rats. Additionally, exercise attenuated the decrease in the ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight associated with obesity. Decreased food consumption was maintained during the detraining period, which inhibited obesity and diabetes at 20-week-old after the detraining period. Histologically, childhood exercise inhibited the enlargement of pancreatic islets after the detraining period. In addition, inhibition of lipid accumulation was completely maintained in the WAT and BAT after the detraining period. However, the effectiveness was only partially successful in lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver. The ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight was maintained after detraining. In conclusion, early long-term regular exercise effectively prevents obesity and diabetes in childhood, and its effectiveness can be tracked later in life. The present study suggests the importance of exercise during childhood and adolescence to inhibit hyperphagia-induced lipid accumulation in metabolic-related organs in adulthood despite exercise cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Tien Nguyen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takaya Oshima
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misuzu Nishihira
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayasu Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Medicine for Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Yin R, Ma Y, Zhang N, Yang L, Zhao D. Combined effects of voluntary running and liraglutide on glucose homeostasis, fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue phospholipids, and white adipose tissue browning in db/db mice. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:117-124. [PMID: 35775530 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_87_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a potential therapeutic application targeting brown adipose tissue (BAT). Either voluntary running or liraglutide increases the thermogenesis of BAT in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their combined effect is not yet clarified. Male leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into voluntary running, liraglutide, voluntary running + liraglutide, and control groups (n = 6/group). Normal male C57 mice were the negative control (n = 6). Fasting blood glucose was monitored every week, plasma insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed, and thermogenic protein expression in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed by the western blot. A total of 128 metabolites associated with phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and ceramides were targeted in BAT. Compared to the control group, voluntary running or liraglutide treatment significantly lowered the blood glucose and increased the insulin level; the combined group showed a better effect than liraglutide alone. Hence, the combined treatment showed an enhanced hypoglycemic effect. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and OXPHOS protein expression in BAT and UCP1 in WAT were significantly increased after exercise training and liraglutide treatment. However, BAT metabolomics showed that compared to the control mice, nine fatty acids increased in the exercise group, six increased in the liraglutide group, and only three increased in the combined group. These results may suggest a higher hypoglycemic effect and the activation of BAT and WAT browning in the combined group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Bel JS, Tai TC, Khaper N, Lees SJ. Chronic glucocorticoid exposure causes brown adipose tissue whitening, alters whole-body glucose metabolism and increases tissue uncoupling protein-1. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15292. [PMID: 35510321 PMCID: PMC9069169 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has been found to exist in two predominant forms, white and brown. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the body's conventional storage organ, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis which allows mammals to produce heat and regulate body temperature. Studies examining BAT and its role in whole-body metabolism have found that active BAT utilizes glucose and circulating fatty acids and is associated with improved metabolic outcomes. While the beiging of WAT is a growing area of interest, the possibility of the BAT depot to "whiten" and store more triglycerides also has metabolic and health implications. Currently, there are limited studies that examine the effects of chronic stress and its ability to induce a white-like phenotype in the BAT depot. This research examined how chronic exposure to the murine stress hormone, corticosterone, for 4 weeks can affect the whitening process of BAT in C57BL/6 male mice. Separate treatments with mirabegron, a known β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, were used to directly compare the effects of corticosterone with a beiging phenotype. Corticosterone-treated mice had significantly higher body weight (p ≤ 0.05) and BAT mass (p ≤ 0.05), increased adipocyte area (p ≤ 0.05), were insulin resistant (p ≤ 0.05), and significantly elevated expressions of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in BAT (p ≤ 0.05) while mitochondrial content remained unchanged. This whitened phenotype has not been previously associated with increased uncoupling proteins under chronic stress and may represent a compensatory mechanism being initiated under these conditions. These findings have implications for the study of BAT in response to chronic glucocorticoid exposure potentially leading to BAT dysfunction and negative impacts on whole-body glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn S. Bel
- Biotechnology ProgramLakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioCanada
| | - T. C. Tai
- Northern Ontario School of MedicineThunder BayOntarioCanada
- BiologyLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Chemistry and BiochemistryLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- Biomolecular Sciences ProgramLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Northern Ontario School of MedicineThunder BayOntarioCanada
- Biomolecular Sciences ProgramLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada
- BiologyLakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioCanada
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Northern Ontario School of MedicineThunder BayOntarioCanada
- BiologyLakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioCanada
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18
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Della Guardia L, Shin AC. White and brown adipose tissue functionality is impaired by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:665-676. [PMID: 35286401 PMCID: PMC9110515 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrew C Shin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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19
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Mohammad Rahimi GR, Hejazi K, Hofmeister M. The effect of exercise interventions on Irisin level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:524-539. [PMID: 36110558 PMCID: PMC9441678 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone that is offered to be a hopeful remedial target in obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has received striking attention recently, whereas, the interactions between exercise training and irisin are still unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impacts of exercise interventions on circulating irisin in adults. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to July 15, 2021. Twenty-four studies, which assessed a total of 921 participants were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to estimate weighted mean differences (MD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Overall, data revealed that exercise training significantly increased circulating irisin (MD: 0.01, 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.01, p = 0.005), and declined insulin (MD: -2.09, 95 % CI: -2.81, -1.37, p < 0.00001), glucose (MD: -12.89, 95 % CI: -16.52, -9.26, p < 0.00001), and insulin resistance (MD: -0.89, 95 % CI: -1.15, -0.62, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed that irisin raised significantly when resistance training (p = 0.04) and combined training (p = 0.002) were applied, and for the type 2 diabetes and prediabetes (p = 0.002 for both) groups. Moreover, subgroup analysis by the type of intervention demonstrated that insulin reduced when aerobic training (p < 0.00001) and combined training (p = 0.0003) were employed, but glucose and HOMA-IR reduced after all three types of exercise training. These findings demonstrate that exercise interventions may produce ameliorations in circulating irisin. Further long-term studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Keyvan Hejazi, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran; Tel: +98 (51) 344012620, E-mail:
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department Food and Nutrition, Consumer Center of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
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20
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Peres Valgas da Silva C, Calmasini F, Alexandre EC, Raposo HF, Delbin MA, Monica FZ, Zanesco A. The effects of mirabegron on obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are associated with brown adipose tissue activation but not beiging in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1477-1487. [PMID: 34343353 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mirabegron is a selective β₃-adrenergic receptors agonist, which has been recently shown to improve metabolic health in rodents and humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-week mirabegron treatment on the metabolic parameters of mice with a diet-induced obesity (DIO). C57BL/6JUnib mice were divided into control (CTR) and obese (OB) groups treated with vehicle, and an OB group treated with mirabegron (OB + MIRA). The obese groups were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Mirabegron (10 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally by gavage from weeks 10-12. After 2 weeks of mirabegron treatment, the energy expenditure was assessed with indirect calorimetry. Blood glucose, insulin, glycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBAR), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were also assessed, and the HOMA index was determined. Liver tissue, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) samples were collected for histological examination. The protein expressions of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were assessed using western blotting of the BAT and iWAT samples. In this study, mirabegron increased the energy expenditure and decreased adiposity in OB + MIRA. Increased UCP1 expression in BAT without changes in iWAT was also found. Mirabegron decreased circulating levels of FFA, glycerol, insulin, TNF-α, TBARS and HOMA index. DIO significantly increased the lipid deposits in the liver and BAT, but mirabegron partially reversed this change. Our findings indicate that treatment with mirabegron decreased inflammation and improved metabolism in obese mice. This effect was associated with increased BAT-mediated energy expenditure, but not iWAT beiging, which suggests that mirabegron might be useful for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helena Fonseca Raposo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Andreia Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Zakia Monica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Medical School, Graduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
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21
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Hajny S, Borup A, Elsøe S, Christoffersen C. Increased plasma apoM levels impair triglyceride turnover in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158969. [PMID: 34051379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is an essential transporter of plasma Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P), typically attached to all lipoprotein classes, but with a majority bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoM-deficient mice display an increased activity in brown adipose tissue and a concomitant fast turnover of triglycerides. In what manner apoM/S1P affect the triglyceride metabolism is however still unknown and explored in the present study. METHODS Triglyceride turnover and potentially associated metabolic pathways were studied in the female human apoM transgenic mouse model (apoM-Tg) with increased plasma apoM and S1P levels. The model was compared with wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS ApoM-Tg mice had a reduced plasma triglyceride turnover rate and a lower free fatty acid uptake in subcutaneous adipocytes compared to WT mice. Screening for potential molecular mechanisms furthermore revealed a reduction in plasma lipase activity in apoM-Tg animals. Overexpression of apoM also reduced the plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). CONCLUSIONS The study features the significant role of the apoM/S1P axis in maintaining a balanced triglyceride metabolism. Further, it also highlights the risk of inducing dyslipidaemia in patients receiving S1P-analouges and additionlly emphasizes the apoM/S1P axis as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hajny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Borup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elsøe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Serdan TDA, Masi LN, Pereira JNB, Rodrigues LE, Alecrim AL, Scervino MVM, Diniz VLS, Dos Santos AAC, Filho CPBS, Alba-Loureiro TC, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Bazotte RB, Gorjão R, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Hirabara SM. Impaired brown adipose tissue is differentially modulated in insulin-resistant obese wistar and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112019. [PMID: 34403962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target to treat obesity and diabetes, dissipating energy as heat. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with obesogenic diets; however, T2D was also reported in lean individuals to be associated with genetic factors. We aimed to investigate the differences between obese and lean models of insulin resistance (IR) and elucidate the mechanism associated with BAT metabolism and dysfunction in different IR animal models: a genetic model (lean GK rats) and obese models (diet-induced obese Wistar rats) at 8 weeks of age fed a high-carbohydrate (HC), high-fat (HF) diet, or high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks. At 15 weeks of age, BAT glucose uptake was evaluated by 18F-FDG PET under basal (saline administration) or stimulated condition (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist). After CL316, 243 administrations, GK animals showed decreased glucose uptake compared to HC animals. At 16 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized, and the interscapular BAT was dissected for analysis. Histological analyses showed lower cell density in GK rats and higher adipocyte area compared to all groups, followed by HFHS and HF compared to HC. HFHS showed a decreased batokine FGF21 protein level compared to all groups. However, GK animals showed increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (CPT1 and CPT2), BAT metabolism (Sirt1 and Pgc1-α), and obesogenic genes (leptin and PAI-1) but decreased gene expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) compared to other groups. Our data suggest impaired BAT function in obese Wistar and GK rats, with evidence of a whitening process in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lins Alecrim
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Han YH, Kee JY, Hong SH. Gomisin A Alleviates Obesity by Regulating the Phenotypic Switch between White and Brown Adipocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1929-1948. [PMID: 34961413 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although gomisin A (GA) alleviates cancer and inflammation, its anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of GA by investigating the phenotypic changes involved in the browning and whitening of adipocytes. Here, obesity was induced to C57BL/6J mice using a high-fat diet (HFD). We administrated GA and checked weight changes for 12 weeks. We found that GA decreased the weight of weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver in the mice. In addition, the administration of GA elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in the mice serum. Moreover, even after 12 weeks of treatment with GA, it did not cause any hepatic and renal toxicity. However, we found that GA induced the browning of eWAT and inhibited the whitening of brown adipose tissue. We further confirmed the anti-obesity mechanism of GA using 3T3-L1 cells, the human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and primary brown adipocytes (BAs) in vitroexperiments. We found that GA suppressed adipogenesis via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, GA-induced browning by increasing the expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in hAMSCs. The results of our study indicate that GA can inhibit weight gain by regulating the phenotypic changes involved in the browning and whitening of adipose tissues, which makes it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Wonkwang-Oriental, Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, KR, Iksan South Korea
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Wonkwang-Oriental, Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, KR, Iksan South Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Wonkwang-Oriental, Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, KR, Iksan South Korea
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24
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R M, Mani S, Sali VK, Bhardwaj M, Vasanthi HR. Macrotyloma uniflorum a plant food alleviates the metabolic syndrome through modulation of adipokines and PPARs. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13595. [PMID: 33368458 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle combined with the intake of high-calorie diet has been the paramount cause of metabolic syndrome (MS) which is now a serious concern of public health worldwide as it involves the coexistence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity. Hence, identifying a suitable strategy to overcome the worldwide menace of MS is imperative. Macrotyloma uniflorum a lesser known legume is highly nutritious and notable for its ethano-medicinal potential. Herein, the influence of M. uniflorum in high-fat dietinduced metabolic changes in a rodent model of metabolic syndrome was evaluated. Serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-c, and bodyweight were decreased, whereas HDL-c was increased in M. uniflorum-treated MS rats. The protein expression (AMPK-α, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ) and gene expression (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, UCP2, NF-κB, and IL-6) results are impressive to highlight that M. uniflorum modulates the pathological conditions of MS and proves to be cardioprotective. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis confirmed the pathological changes and substantiates the influence of M. uniflorum to overcome MS. The HPLC and GC (MS) profiling reveals the presence of an array of polyphenols such as rutin (694.61 μg/g), catechin (500.12 μg/g), epicatechin (158.10 μg/g), gallic acid (17.98 μg/g), ferulic acid (10.911 μg/g), daidzein (6.51 μg/g), and PUFA, respectively, which probably exhibits the therapeutic effect on MS and associated complications by modulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Metabolic disorders like CVD and diabetes are leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. With emerging issues on adverse effects of modern drugs, the emphasis on "Food is Medicine and Medicine as Food" has taken dramatic dimensions in the healthcare sector. Therefore, nutraceuticals are in great demand in the developed world off late. Legumes, are potent elements in a balanced diet next to cereals. Exploring the medicinal properties of legumes could bring a revolution in public health and nutraceutical industries. This study scientifically validated the phytochemicals in M. uniflorum for its functional potential in the management of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). This study would help the nutraceutical industries to develop functional foods using M. uniflorum seeds to make porridges and soups or nutraceutical supplements with the bioflavonoids isolated from M. uniflorum for the management of metabolic disorders by mitigating hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvizhi R
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sugumar Mani
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Veeresh K Sali
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhardwaj
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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25
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Carson C, Macias-Velasco JF, Gunawardana S, Miranda MA, Oyama S, St Pierre CL, Schmidt H, Wayhart JP, Lawson HA. Brown Adipose Expansion and Remission of Glycemic Dysfunction in Obese SM/J Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108237. [PMID: 33027654 PMCID: PMC7594587 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We leverage the SM/J mouse to understand glycemic control in obesity. High-fat-fed SM/J mice initially develop poor glucose homeostasis relative to controls. Strikingly, their glycemic dysfunction resolves by 30 weeks of age despite persistent obesity. The mice dramatically expand their brown adipose depots as they resolve glycemic dysfunction. This occurs naturally and spontaneously on a high-fat diet, with no temperature or genetic manipulation. Removal of the brown adipose depot impairs insulin sensitivity, indicating that the expanded tissue is functioning as an insulin-stimulated glucose sink. We describe morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic changes that occur during the brown adipose expansion and remission of glycemic dysfunction, and focus on Sfrp1 (secreted frizzled-related protein 1) as a compelling candidate that may underlie this phenomenon. Understanding how the expanded brown adipose contributes to glycemic control in SM/J mice will open the door for innovative therapies aimed at improving metabolic complications in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Carson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Juan F Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Subhadra Gunawardana
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sakura Oyama
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Celine L St Pierre
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jessica P Wayhart
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Jeddi S, Yousefzadeh N, Afzali H, Ghasemi A. Long-term nitrate administration increases expression of browning genes in epididymal adipose tissue of male type 2 diabetic rats. Gene 2020; 766:145155. [PMID: 32950634 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Expression of browning genes are lower in both humans and animals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims at determining effects of long-term nitrate administration on protein and mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and PPAR-γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-α) in epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) of rats with T2D. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6/group): Control, diabetes, control + nitrate (CN), and diabetes + nitrate (DN). T2D was induced using high fat diet combined with a low-dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg body weight). Sodium nitrate was administrated at a dose of 100 mg/L for 6 months in nitrate-treated rats. Fasting serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at months 0 (i.e. at start of the protocol), 3, and 6. At month 6, protein and mRNA levels of UCP1, PPAR-γ, and PGC1-α were measured in eAT samples. In addition, tissue concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was measured and histological analyses were done at month 6. In rats with T2D, 6-month administration of nitrate decreased serum glucose and insulin concentrations by 13% and 23%, respectively and increased cGMP level by 85%. Rats with T2D had lower mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-γ (62%, P < 0.0001 and 18%, P = 0.0472), PGC1-α (49%, P = 0.0019 and 21%, P = 0.0482), and UCP1 (35%, P = 0.0613 and 30%, P = 0.0031) in eAT; 6-month nitrate administration restored these decreased levels to near control values. In addition, nitrate increased adipocyte density by 193% and decreased adipocyte area by 53% in rats with T2D. In conclusion, long-term low-dose nitrate administration increased mRNA and protein expressions of browning genes in white adipose tissue of male rats with T2D; these findings partly explain favorable metabolic effects of nitrate administration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Afzali
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Mesri Alamdari N, Irandoost P, Roshanravan N, Vafa M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Alipour S, Roshangar L, Alivand M, Farsi F, Shidfar F. Effects of Royal Jelly and Tocotrienol Rich Fraction in obesity treatment of calorie-restricted obese rats: a focus on white fat browning properties and thermogenic capacity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:42. [PMID: 32508963 PMCID: PMC7266117 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has reached an alarming rate worldwide. Promoting thermogenesis via increasing the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has been proposed as a new protective approach against obesity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of Royal Jelly (RJ) and tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) on BAT activation and WAT browning during calorie restriction diet (CRD) in obesity model. Methods In this experimental study, 50 obese Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and then received one of the following treatments for a period of 8-week: High-fat diet (HFD), CRD, RJ + CRD, TRF + CRD, and RJ + TRF + CRD. Effects of RJ and TRF, individually and in combination on body weight and the expression of key thermoregulatory genes in WAT and BAT were examined by quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR). Also, morphological alterations were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results RJ (- 67.21 g ±4.84 g) and RJ + TRF (- 73.29 g ±4.51 g) significantly reduced weight gain relative to the CRD group (- 40.70 g ±6.50 g, P < 0.001). In comparison with the CRD group, RJ and RJ + TRF remarkably enhanced the uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) expression in WAT (5.81, 4.72 fold, P < 0.001) and BAT (4.99, 4.75 fold, P < 0.001). The expression of PR domain containing 16(PRDM 16), cAMP response element-binding protein1 (CREB1), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38MAPK), and Bone morphogenetic protein8B (BMP8B) have significantly increased following RJ and RJ + TRF treatments (P < 0.001). However, the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPβ) and Bone morphogenetic protein7 ( BMP7) did not remarkably change. Multilocular beige cells in WAT and compacted dense adipocytes were also observed in BAT of RJ and RJ + TRF received groups. TRF showed no substantial effects on the expression of the mentioned thermoregulatory genes and brown fat-like phenotype. Conclusion Our results suggest that, Royal Jelly promotes thermogenesis and browning of WAT, contributing to an increase in energy expenditure. Thus, Royal Jelly may give rise to a novel dietary choice to attenuate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Mesri Alamdari
- Department of Nutrition,Student research committee, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Irandoost
- Department of Nutrition,Student research committee, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Road Traffic Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Alipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Farsi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Road Traffic Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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El Midaoui A, Fantus IG, Ait Boughrous A, Couture R. Beneficial Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Hypertension, Visceral Obesity, UCP-1 Expression and Oxidative Stress in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120648. [PMID: 31888243 PMCID: PMC6943617 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate whether α-lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, could exert beneficial outcomes in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male 6-week-old ZDF rats and their lean counterparts (ZL) were fed for six weeks with a standard diet or a chow diet supplemented with LA (1 g/kg feed). At 12 weeks of age, ZDF rats exhibited an increase in systolic blood pressure, epididymal fat weight per body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (HOMA index), adipocyte hypertrophy and a rise in basal superoxide anion (O2•−) production in gastrocnemius muscle and a downregulation of epididymal uncoupled protein-1 (UCP-1) protein staining. Treatment with LA prevented the development of hypertension, the rise in whole body weight and O2•− production in gastrocnemius muscle, but failed to affect insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in ZDF rats. LA treatment resulted in a noticeable increase of pancreatic weight and a further adipocyte hypertrophy, along with a decrease in epididymal fat weight per body weight ratio associated with an upregulation of epididymal UCP-1 protein staining in ZDF rats. These findings suggest that LA was efficacious in preventing the development of hypertension, which could be related to its antioxidant properties. The anti-visceral obesity effect of LA appears to be mediated by its antioxidant properties and the induction of UCP-1 protein at the adipose tissue level in ZDF rats. Disorders of glucose metabolism appear, however, to be mediated by other unrelated mechanisms in this model of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Research Team “Biology, Environment and Health”, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 3320)
| | - I. George Fantus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada;
| | - Ali Ait Boughrous
- Research Team “Biology, Environment and Health”, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco;
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
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29
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Bentley EG, Pugh G, Gledhill LR, Flynn RJ. An analysis of the immune compartment within bovine adipose tissue. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 100:103411. [PMID: 31202894 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has wide functions as an active endocrine organ acting as a site of nutrient storage and thermogenesis. Recently it has been identified as having a key role in murine and human immunity and inflammation. Type 1 or type 2 immune responses and their respective cytokines have been linked to white or brown AT, respectively. Most dramatic is the involvement of type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in stimulating eosinophil recruitment via interleukin (IL)-13 which in turn stimulates alternative macrophage activation via IL-4/IL-13. Recruited leukocytes are capable of influencing the cellular composition and function of adipose tissue and present a route to combat human obesity, however these processes are poorly understood in ruminants. Here we have characterised the resident leukocytes populations within bovine mesenteric AT (MAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT), compared with the corresponding mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Concurring with related studies, we find bovine AT has its own resident leukocyte populations where eosinophils and neutrophils dominate. Importantly the proportion of eosinophils or neutrophils corresponded to the adipocyte size found in both depots. Further exploration of this area may have important implications on the food production industry or could be applied to improve the course of pathogenesis during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor G Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Glesni Pugh
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Laura R Gledhill
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Robin J Flynn
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
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30
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Hahn O, Drews LF, Nguyen A, Tatsuta T, Gkioni L, Hendrich O, Zhang Q, Langer T, Pletcher S, Wakelam MJO, Beyer A, Grönke S, Partridge L. A nutritional memory effect counteracts benefits of dietary restriction in old mice. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1059-1073. [PMID: 31742247 PMCID: PMC6861129 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) during adulthood can greatly extend lifespan and improve metabolic health in diverse species. However, whether DR in mammals is still effective when applied for the first time at old age remains elusive. Here, we report results of a late-life DR switch experiment employing 800 mice, in which 24 months old female mice were switched from ad libitum (AL) to DR or vice versa. Strikingly, the switch from DR-to-AL acutely increases mortality, whereas the switch from AL-to-DR causes only a weak and gradual increase in survival, suggesting a memory of earlier nutrition. RNA-seq profiling in liver, brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) demonstrate a largely refractory transcriptional and metabolic response to DR after AL feeding in fat tissue, particularly in WAT, and a proinflammatory signature in aged preadipocytes, which is prevented by chronic DR feeding. Our results provide evidence for a nutritional memory as a limiting factor for DR-induced longevity and metabolic remodeling of WAT in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - An Nguyen
- Inositide lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisonia Gkioni
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Hendrich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Inositide lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Scott Pletcher
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and the Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
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31
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Pedrotti S, Caccia R, Neguembor MV, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Ferri G, de Palma C, Canu T, Giovarelli M, Marra P, Fiocchi A, Molineris I, Raso M, Sanvito F, Doglioni C, Esposito A, Clementi E, Gabellini D. The Suv420h histone methyltransferases regulate PPAR-γ and energy expenditure in response to environmental stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1472. [PMID: 31001581 PMCID: PMC6469946 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities have become a global emergency with considerable morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic and animal model data suggest an epigenetic contribution to obesity. Nevertheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which epigenetics contributes to the development of obesity remain to be elucidated. Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 are histone methyltransferases responsible for chromatin compaction and gene repression. Through in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies, we found that Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 respond to environmental stimuli and regulate metabolism by down-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a master transcriptional regulator of lipid storage and glucose metabolism. Accordingly, mice lacking Suv420h proteins activate PPAR-γ target genes in brown adipose tissue to increase mitochondria respiration, improve glucose tolerance, and reduce adipose tissue to fight obesity. We conclude that Suv420h proteins are key epigenetic regulators of PPAR-γ and the pathways controlling metabolism and weight balance in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pedrotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccia
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara de Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “L. Sacco”-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Marra
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Milano, Italy
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Mouse Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Raso
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Mouse Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Davide Gabellini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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Werner RA, Wakabayashi H, Bauer J, Schütz C, Zechmeister C, Hayakawa N, Javadi MS, Lapa C, Jahns R, Ergün S, Jahns V, Higuchi T. Longitudinal 18F-FDG PET imaging in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 20:467-474. [PMID: 30102319 PMCID: PMC6429237 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although mortality rate is very high, diagnosis of acute myocarditis remains challenging with conventional tests. We aimed to elucidate the potential role of longitudinal 2-Deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) inflammation monitoring in a rat model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS Autoimmune myocarditis was induced in Lewis rats by immunizing with porcine cardiac myosin emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Time course of disease was assessed by longitudinal 18F-FDG PET imaging. A correlative analysis between in- and ex vivo18F-FDG signalling and macrophage infiltration using CD68 staining was conducted. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis of the cell-adhesion markers CD34 and CD44 was performed at different disease stages determined by longitudinal 18F-FDG PET imaging. After immunization, myocarditis rats revealed a temporal increase in 18F-FDG uptake (peaked at week 3), which was followed by a rapid decline thereafter. Localization of CD68 positive cells was well correlated with in vivo18F-FDG PET signalling (R2 = 0.92) as well as with ex vivo18F-FDG autoradiography (R2 = 0.9, P < 0.001, respectively). CD44 positivity was primarily observed at tissue samples obtained at acute phase (i.e. at peak 18F-FDG uptake), while CD34-positive staining areas were predominantly identified in samples harvested at both sub-acute and chronic phases (i.e. at 18F-FDG decrease). CONCLUSION 18F-FDG PET imaging can provide non-invasive serial monitoring of cardiac inflammation in a rat model of acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Werner
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
- Else-Kröner-Forschungskolleg, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schütz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Zechmeister
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Hayakawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Würzburg (IBDW), University Hospital Würzburg, Straubmühlweg 2a, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Jahns
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Research Center, 5 Chome-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
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Peris‐Sampedro F, Mounib M, Schéle E, Edvardsson CE, Stoltenborg I, Adan RAH, Dickson SL. Impact of Free-Choice Diets High in Fat and Different Sugars on Metabolic Outcome and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:409-419. [PMID: 30699240 PMCID: PMC6590171 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rats were exposed to free-choice diets (fat plus one of two different sugar solutions, glucose or sucrose), and the metabolic consequences and impact on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were explored. METHODS For 3 weeks, 7-week-old male rats were offered either chow only or free-choice high-fat diets differing in their added sugar: no sugar, sucrose, or glucose. In a second experiment, after 2 weeks on the diets, rats were switched from high sucrose to high glucose for two additional weeks. Metabolic end points included body weight, food intake, food choice, glycemic control, metabolic hormones, fat pad weight, brown adipose tissue weight, and gene expression. Behavioral analysis included locomotor and anxiety-like activity in the open field and elevated plus maze. RESULTS Both sugar diets enhanced adiposity and induced hyperphagia, favoring unhealthier dietary selection above that of the control diets (chow or free-choice high-fat with no sugar). Despite isocaloric intake in the sugar-containing diets, offering glucose instead of sucrose was associated with improved insulin sensitivity. The sugar-containing diets reduced activity (but with movements of increased velocity) and induced an anxiety-like phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Although free-choice diets negatively impacted on metabolism and anxiety-like behavior, replacing sucrose with glucose improved insulin sensitivity and may therefore be better for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Peris‐Sampedro
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Myriam Mounib
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Erik Schéle
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Christian E. Edvardsson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Iris Stoltenborg
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Roger A. H. Adan
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Zhang B, Yang Y, Xiang L, Zhao Z, Ye R. Adipose-derived exosomes: A novel adipokine in obesity-associated diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16692-16702. [PMID: 30807657 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated diabetes. It is characterized by dysregulated adipokine secretion, which contributes to insulin resistance of key metabolic tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat itself. The inter-organ cross talk between the adipose tissue and the other organs as well as the intra-organ cross talk between adipocytes and macrophages within the adipose tissue, traditionally mediated by hormones, was recently evidenced to be regulated by adipose-derived exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by the donor cells to modify intercellular communication by translating constituent nucleic acids and proteins to the target cells. Herein, we reviewed the latest progress in understanding the role of adipose-derived exosomes in the development of insulin resistance, a key mechanism that underpins diabetes and diabetic complications, with a special focus on the role of exosomal miRNAs (micro RNAs) and proteins, and discusses the potential implications of targeting adipose tissue-derived exosomes for diabetic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Effect of long-term nitrite administration on browning of white adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic rats: A stereological study. Life Sci 2018; 207:219-226. [PMID: 29898382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nitrite, a NO donor, is considered as a new therapeutic agent in diabetes. This study aims at determining effects of long-term nitrite administration on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Male rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, control + nitrite, diabetes, and diabetes + nitrite. Sodium nitrite (50 mg/L in drinking water) was administered for 3 months. Body weight was measured weekly. Fasting serum levels of glucose and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured monthly. Histological evaluations and measurement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and NOx levels in adipose tissue were done at the end of the study. RESULTS Nitrite decreased serum glucose concentration and body weight gain in diabetic rats by 27.6% and 37.9%, respectively. In diabetic rats, nitrite increased NOx and cGMP levels in inguinal WAT by 95.7% and 33.1%, respectively. Numerical density in WAT of nitrite-treated diabetic rats was higher than in diabetic ones (995 ± 83 vs. 2513 ± 256 cell/mm3, P < 0.001); in addition, total surface area (4.84 ± 0.32 vs. 44.26 ± 9.7, mm2, P < 0.001) and volume of inguinal beige adipose tissue (7.2 ± 0.49 vs. 66.4 ± 14.51 mm3, <0.001) were higher in nitrite-treated diabetic rats compared to diabetic ones. CONCLUSIONS Favorable effects of long-term nitrite administration in obese type 2 diabetic rats is, at least in part, due to browning of WAT and also associated with increased NOx and cGMP level in adipose tissue. These findings may have potential applications for management of diabesity.
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