1
|
Tompa M, Galik B, Urban P, Kajtar BI, Kraboth Z, Gyenesei A, Miseta A, Kalman B. On the Boundary of Exploratory Genomics and Translation in Sequential Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7564. [PMID: 39062807 PMCID: PMC11277311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OMICS methods brought significant advancements to the understanding of tumor cell biology, which transformed the treatment and prognosis of several cancers. Clinical practice and outcomes, however, changed significantly less in the case of glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of whole exome (WES) sequencing in the clinical setting. Ten pairs of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) GBM specimens were obtained at onset (GBM-P) and at recurrence (GBM-R). Histopathological and molecular features of all samples supported the diagnosis of GBM based on WHO CNS5. WES data were filtered, applying a strict and custom-made pipeline, and occurrence of oncogenic and likely oncogenic variants in GBM-P, GBM-R or both were identified by using the VarSeq program version 2.5.0 (Golden Helix, Inc.). Characteristics and recurrence of the variants were analyzed in our own cohort and were also compared to those available in the COSMIC database. The lists of oncogenic and likely oncogenic variants corresponded to those identified in other studies. The average number of these variants were 4 and 5 out of all detected 24 and 34 variants in GBM-P and GBM-R samples, respectively. On average, one shared oncogenic/likely oncogenic variant was found in the pairs. We assessed the identified variants' therapeutic significance, also taking into consideration the guidelines by the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP). Our data support that a thorough WES analysis is suitable for identifying oncogenic and likely oncogenic variants in an individual clinical sample or a small cohort of FFPE glioma specimens, which concur with those of comprehensive research studies. Such analyses also allow us to monitor molecular dynamics of sequential GBM. In addition, careful evaluation of data according to the AMP guideline reveal that though therapeutic applicability of the variants is generally limited in the clinic, such information may be valuable in selected cases, and can support innovative preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marton Tompa
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, 5. Markusovszky Street, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Peter Urban
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Bela Istvan Kajtar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pecs, 12. Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.I.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltan Kraboth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pecs, 12. Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.I.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
| | - Attila Miseta
- Office of the Dean, School of Medicine, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (B.G.); (P.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, 5. Markusovszky Street, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
- Office of the Dean, School of Medicine, University of Pecs, 20. Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lim J, Zhou S, Baek J, Kim AY, Valera E, Sweedler J, Bashir R. A Blood Drying Process for DNA Amplification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307959. [PMID: 37888793 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of numerous inhibitors in blood makes their use in nucleic acid amplification techniques difficult. Current methods for extracting and purifying pathogenic DNA from blood involve removal of inhibitors, resulting in low and inconsistent DNA recovery rates. To address this issue, a biphasic method is developed that simultaneously achieves inhibitor inactivation and DNA amplification without the need for a purification step. Inhibitors are physically trapped in the solid-phase dried blood matrix by blood drying, while amplification reagents can move into the solid nano-porous dried blood and initiate the amplification. It is demonstrated that the biphasic method has significant improvement in detection limits for bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Several factors, such as drying time, sample volume, and material properties are characterized to increase sensitivity and expand the application of the biphasic assay to blood diagnostics. With further automation, this biphasic technique has the potential to be used as a diagnostic platform for the detection of pathogens eliminating lengthy culture steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lim
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shuaizhen Zhou
- Department of Energy Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Janice Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Alicia Yeaeun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Enrique Valera
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan Sweedler
- Department of Energy Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Science, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leng JX, Su C, Carpenter DJ, Floyd W, Vaios E, Shenker R, Hendrickson PG, Giles W, Mullikin T, Floyd SR, Kirkpatrick JP, Green M, Reitman ZJ. Impact of TP53 mutations on brain metastasis control in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery. JOURNAL OF RADIOSURGERY AND SBRT 2024; 9:91-99. [PMID: 39087065 PMCID: PMC11288656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether TP53 variants may be correlated with overall survival and local control following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BMs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients undergoing an initial course of SRS for NSCLC brain metastases between 1/2015 and 12/2020 were retrospectively identified. Overall survival and freedom from local intracranial progression (FFLIP) were estimated via Kaplan-Meier method. Cox models assessed TP53 variant status (pathogenic variant, PV; variant not detected, ND). Results 255 patients underwent molecular profiling for TP53, among whom 144 (56%) had a TP53 PV. Median follow-up was 11.6 months. OS was not significantly different across TP53 status. A trend toward superior FFLIP was observed for PV (95% CI 62.9 months-NR) versus ND patients (95% CI 29.4 months-NR; p=0.06). Superior FFLIP was observed for patients with one TP53 variant versus those with TP53 ND. Conclusion Among NSCLC patients with BMs, the potential association between TP53 status and post-SRS FFLIP warrants further investigation in a larger prospective cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim X Leng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David J Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Warren Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eugene Vaios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rachel Shenker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peter G Hendrickson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Will Giles
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Trey Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John P Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michelle Green
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salvadores Fernandez C, Jaufuraully S, Bagchi B, Chen W, Datta P, Gupta P, David AL, Siassakos D, Desjardins A, Tiwari MK. A Triboelectric Nanocomposite for Sterile Sensing, Energy Harvesting, and Haptic Diagnostics in Interventional Procedures from Surgical Gloves. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202673. [PMID: 36849872 PMCID: PMC10614699 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced interfacial engineering has the potential to enable the successful realization of three features that are particularly important for a variety of healthcare applications: wettability control, antimicrobial activity to reduce infection risks, and sensing of physiological parameters. Here, a sprayable multifunctional triboelectric coating is exploited as a nontoxic, ultrathin tactile sensor that can be integrated directly on the fingertips of surgical gloves. The coating is based on a polymer blend mixed with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, which enables antifouling and antibacterial properties. Additionally, the nanocomposite is superhydrophobic (self-cleaning) and is not cytotoxic. The coating is also triboelectric and can be applied directly onto surgical gloves with printed electrodes. The sensorized gloves so obtained enable mechanical energy harvesting, force sensing, and detection of materials stiffness changes directly from fingertip, which may complement proprioceptive feedback for clinicians. Just as importantly, the sensors also work with a second glove on top offering better reassurance regarding sterility in interventional procedures. As a case study of clinical use for stiffness detection, the sensors demonstrate successful detection of pig anal sphincter injury ex vivo. This may lead to improving the accuracy of diagnosing obstetric anal sphincter injury, resulting in prompt repair, fewer complications, and improved quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Salvadores Fernandez
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Shireen Jaufuraully
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Biswajoy Bagchi
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Priyankan Datta
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Priya Gupta
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Anna L. David
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Dimitrios Siassakos
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Adrien Desjardins
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems LaboratoryMechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonW1W 7TSUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hsain Z, Akbari M, Prasanna A, Jiang Z, Akbarzadeh M, Pikul JH. Electrochemical Healing of Fractured Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211242. [PMID: 36933269 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Repairing fractured metals to extend their useful lifetimes advances sustainability and mitigates carbon emissions from metal mining and processing. While high-temperature techniques are being used to repair metals, the increasing ubiquity of digital manufacturing and "unweldable" alloys, as well as the integration of metals with polymers and electronics, call for radically different repair approaches. Herein, a framework for effective room-temperature repair of fractured metals using an area-selective nickel electrodeposition process refered to as electrochemical healing is presented. Based on a model that links geometric, mechanical, and electrochemical parameters to the recovery of tensile strength, this framework enables 100% recovery of tensile strength in nickel, low-carbon steel, two "unweldable" aluminum alloys, and a 3D-printed difficult-to-weld shellular structure using a single common electrolyte. Through a distinct energy-dissipation mechanism, this framework also enables up to 136% recovery of toughness in an aluminum alloy. To facilitate practical adoption, this work reveals scaling laws for the energetic, financial, and time costs of healing, and demonstrates the restoration of a functional level of strength in a fractured standard steel wrench. Empowered with this framework, room-temperature electrochemical healing can open exciting possibilities for the effective, scalable repair of metals in diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Hsain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mostafa Akbari
- Department of Architecture, Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adhokshid Prasanna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masoud Akbarzadeh
- Department of Architecture, Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James H Pikul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Severino MI, Al Mohtar A, Vieira Soares C, Freitas C, Sadovnik N, Nandi S, Mouchaham G, Pimenta V, Nouar F, Daturi M, Maurin G, Pinto ML, Serre C. MOFs with Open Metal(III) Sites for the Environmental Capture of Polar Volatile Organic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211583. [PMID: 36468308 PMCID: PMC10108120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites (OMS) interact strongly with a range of polar gases/vapors. However, under ambient conditions, their selective adsorption is generally impaired due to a high OMS affinity to water. This led previously to the privilege selection of hydrophobic MOFs for the selective capture/detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, we show that this paradigm is challenged by metal(III) polycarboxylates MOFs, bearing a high concentration of OMS, as MIL-100(Fe), enabling the selective capture of polar VOCs even in the presence of water. With experimental and computational tools, including single-component gravimetric and dynamic mixture adsorption measurements, in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory calculations we reveal that this adsorption mechanism involves a direct coordination of the VOC on the OMS, associated with an interaction energy that exceeds that of water. Hence, MOFs with OMS are demonstrated to be of interest for air purification purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Severino
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP), ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Abeer Al Mohtar
- CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cátia Freitas
- CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Sadovnik
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Shyamapada Nandi
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP), ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Georges Mouchaham
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP), ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Pimenta
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP), ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Farid Nouar
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP), ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marco Daturi
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Moisés L Pinto
- CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP), ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DNA methylation and gene expression analysis in adipose tissue to identify new loci associated with T2D development in obesity. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:50. [PMID: 36535927 PMCID: PMC9763387 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is accompanied by excess adipose fat storage, which may lead to adipose dysfunction, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, the tendency to develop T2D in obesity cannot be explained by genetic variation alone-epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, might be involved. Here, we aimed to identify changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that might underlie T2D susceptibility in patients with obesity. METHODS We investigated DNA methylation and gene expression in VAT biopsies from 19 women with obesity, without (OND = 9) or with T2D (OD = 10). Differences in genome-scale methylation (differentially methylated CpGs [DMCs], false discovery rate < 0.05; and differentially methylated regions [DMRs], p value < 0.05) and gene expression (DEGs, p value <0.05) between groups were assessed. We searched for overlap between altered methylation and expression and the impact of altered DNA methylation on gene expression, using bootstrap Pearson correlation. The relationship of altered DNA methylation to T2D-related traits was also tested. RESULTS We identified 11 120 DMCs and 96 DMRs distributed across all chromosomes, with the greatest density of epigenomic alterations at the MHC locus. These alterations were found in newly and previously T2D-related genes. Several of these findings were supported by validation and extended multi-ethnic analyses. Of 252 DEGs in the OD group, 68 genes contained DMCs (n = 88), of which 24 demonstrated a significant relationship between gene expression and methylation (p values <0.05). Of these, 16, including ATP11A, LPL and EHD2 also showed a significant correlation with fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed novel candidate genes related to T2D pathogenesis in obesity. These genes show perturbations in DNA methylation and expression profiles in patients with obesity and diabetes. Methylation profiles were able to discriminate OND from OD individuals; DNA methylation is thus a potential biomarker.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ccamerccoa MH, Falcon NLT, Félix LL, Pacheco-Salazar DG, Aragón FFH, Coaquira JAH, Garnier J, Vera-Gonzales C. High efficiency of magnetite nanoparticles for the arsenic removal from an aqueous solution and natural water taken from Tambo River in Peru. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:849-860. [PMID: 36406591 PMCID: PMC9672299 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water is an essential compound on earth and necessary for life. The presence of highly toxic contaminants such as arsenic and others, in many cases, represents one of the biggest problems facing the earth´s population. Treatment of contaminated water with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) can play a crucial role in arsenic removal. In this report, we demonstrate arsenic removal from an aqueous solution and natural water taken from the Peruvian river (Tambo River in Arequipa, Peru) using magnetite NPs synthesized by the coprecipitation method. XRD data analysis of Fe3O4 NPs revealed the formation of the cubic-spinel phase of magnetite with an average crystallite size of ~ 13 nm, which is found in good agreement with the physical size assessed from TEM image analysis. Magnetic results evidence that our NPs show a superparamagnetic-like behavior with a thermal relaxation of magnetic moments mediated by strong particle-particle interactions. FTIR absorption band shows the interactions between arsenate anions and Fe-O and Fe-OH groups through a complex mechanism. The experimental results showed that arsenic adsorption is fast during the first 10 min; while the equilibrium is reached within 60 min, providing an arsenic removal efficiency of ~ 97%. Adsorption kinetics is well modeled using the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is related to the chemisorption model. According to Langmuir's model, the maximum arsenic adsorption capacity of 81.04 mg·g- 1 at pH = 2.5 was estimated, which describes the adsorption process as being monolayer, However, our results suggest that multilayer adsorption can be produced after monolayer saturation in agreement with the Freundlich model. This finding was corroborated by the Sips model, which showed a good correlation to the experimental data. Tests using natural water taken from Tambo River indicate a significant reduction of arsenic concentration from 356 µg L- 1 to 7.38 µg L- 1, the latter is below the limit imposed by World Health Organization (10 µg L- 1), suggesting that magnetite NPs show great potential for the arsenic removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Huanca Ccamerccoa
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa. Laboratorio LAPCI-Nano, Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| | - N. L. Tapia Falcon
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa. Laboratorio LAPCI-Nano, Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| | - L. León Félix
- Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Escuela Profesional de Física, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| | - D. G. Pacheco-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Escuela Profesional de Física, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| | - F. F. H. Aragón
- Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Escuela Profesional de Física, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
- Instituto de Física, Núcleo de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - J. A. H. Coaquira
- Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Escuela Profesional de Física, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
- Instituto de Física, Núcleo de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Jéremie Garnier
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - C. Vera-Gonzales
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa. Laboratorio LAPCI-Nano, Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Volonté M, Traverso L, Estivalis JML, Almeida FC, Ons S. Comparative analysis of detoxification-related gene superfamilies across five hemipteran species. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:757. [PMCID: PMC9670383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemiptera is one of the most speciose orders of insects, and the most speciose considering Hemimetabola. Through their evolutive history, hemipterans with different feeding habits have adapted to deal with different chemical challenges. Three major gene families are involved in xenobiotic detoxification in insects: the cytochromes P450 (CYPs), carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs), and glutathione transferases (GSTs). Here we perform a comparative analysis on the complement of these gene superfamilies across five hemipteran species; four heteropterans (the pentatomid plant feeders Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys; the hematophagous Cimex lectularius, Cimicidae, and Rhodnius prolixus, Reduviidae), and one Auchenorrhyncha plant feeder (Nilaparvata lugens). Results Our results point to an expansion of several enzyme families associated with xenobiotic detoxification in heteropterans with respect to other species and the existence of a dynamic evolution pattern including CYP3 clan, hormone and pheromone processing class in the CCE superfamily, and sigma class in GST superfamily. Other detoxification-related families are reduced in the hemipteran species analyzed here: reduction or even absence of epsilon class and reduced delta class in GST superfamily; absence of mitochondrial CYP12 family; absence of CYP9 family in CYP3 clan; and reduction or even absence of some dietary/detoxification groups of CCEs. Interestingly, the most polyphagous species analyzed here (H. halys) is also the one that presents the largest repertoire of detoxification enzymes. Gene cluster analysis suggests that this could be due to gene duplication events. Conclusions The evolutionary analysis performed here reveals characteristics that are both common and particular for heteropterans. The composition and organization of detoxification-related gene families could shed light on evolutionary forces that shaped their divergence. These families are important for both the detoxification of diet products and for conferring tolerance or resistance to synthetic insecticides. Furthermore, we present the first comprehensive analysis of detoxification gene superfamilies in N. viridula, an understudied species in spite of its economic relevance as a crop pest. The information obtained is of interest for basic insect science as well as for the control of harmful species and the management of insecticide resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08974-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Volonté
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CENEXA, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Lucila Traverso
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CENEXA, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jose Manuel Latorre Estivalis
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisca Cunha Almeida
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Grupo de Investigación en Filogeografía y Filogenias Moleculares, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sheila Ons
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CENEXA, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi N, Tong L, Lin H, Zheng Z, Zhang H, Dong L, Yang Y, Shen Y, Xia Q. Optimizing eRF1 to Enable the Genetic Encoding of Three Distinct Noncanonical Amino Acids in Mammalian Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200092. [PMID: 35818694 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific incorporation of distinct noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins via genetic code expansion in mammalian cells represents a new avenue for protein engineering. Reassigning three TAGs with the same ncAA in mammalian cells has previously been achieved using translational machinery. However, simultaneous recoding of three nonsense codons with distinct ncAAs in mammalian cells remains a challenge due to low incorporation efficiencies. Here, three optimized aaRS/tRNA pairs (i.e., the E. coli-derived tyrosyl (EcTyr)/tRNAUUA , E. coli-derived leucyl (EcLeu)/tRNACUA , and Methanosarcina mazei pyrrolysyl (MmPyl)/tRNAUCA pairs) are screened for ncAA incorporation. Furthermore, introduced combinations of eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1) mutants (E55R, E55D, N129D, and Y125F) significantly improve the encoding efficiency of the three premature stop codons' sites from 0.78% to 11.6%. Thus, site-specific incorporation of three distinct ncAAs into a single protein is achieved in this study. This work markedly expands the potential for multiple site-specific protein modifications within mammalian cells, thereby facilitating new in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Le Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haishuang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhetao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangzhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuelin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Endorectal ultrasound radiomics in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: despeckling and radiotherapy response prediction using machine learning. ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (NEW YORK) 2022; 47:3645-3659. [PMID: 35951085 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to evaluate the association of endorectal ultrasound (EUS) radiomics features at different denoising filters based on machine learning algorithms and to predict radiotherapy response in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. METHODS The EUS images of forty-three LARC patients, as a predictive biomarker for predicting the treatment response of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), were investigated. For despeckling, the EUS images were preprocessed by traditional filters (bilateral, wiener, lee, frost, median, and wavelet filters). The rectal tumors were delineated by two readers separately, and radiomics features were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used for feature selection. Classifiers including logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest, naive Bayes, and decision tree were trained using stratified fivefold cross-validation for model development. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve followed by accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity were obtained for model performance assessment. RESULTS The wavelet filter had the best results with means of AUC: 0.83, accuracy: 77.41%, precision: 82.15%, and sensitivity: 79.41%. LR and SVM by having AUC: 0.71 and 0.76; accuracy: 70.0% and 71.5%; precision: 75.0% and 73.0%; sensitivity: 69.8% and 80.2%; and specificity: 70.0% and 60.9% had the highest model's performance, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the EUS-based radiomics model could serve as pretreatment biomarkers in predicting pathologic features of rectal cancer. The wavelet filter and machine learning methods (LR and SVM) had good results on the EUS images of rectal cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao J, Lu S, Bastos-Arrieta J, Palet C, Sun Y, Wang R, Qian Z, Fan S. Enhanced terahertz sensitivity for glucose detection with a hydrogel platform embedded with Au nanoparticles. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4021-4031. [PMID: 35991910 PMCID: PMC9352292 DOI: 10.1364/boe.461414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We presented a strategy for enhancing the sensitivity of terahertz glucose sensing with a hydrogel platform pre-embedded with Au nanoparticles. Physiological-level glucose solutions ranging from 0 to 0.8 mg/mL were measured and the extracted absorption coefficients can be clearly distinguished compared to traditional terahertz time domain spectroscopy performed directly on aqueous solutions. Further, Isotherm models were applied to successfully describe the relationship between the absorption coefficient and the glucose concentration (R2 = 0.9977). Finally, the origin of the sensitivity enhancement was investigated and verified to be the pH change induced by the catalysis of Au nanoparticles to glucose oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Julio Bastos-Arrieta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Palet
- Group of Separation Techniques in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Yiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Renheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Zhengfang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Shuting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hazra D, Yotsukura E, Torii H, Mori K, Maruyama T, Ogawa M, Hanyuda A, Tsubota K, Kurihara T, Negishi K. Relation between dry eye and myopia based on tear film breakup time, higher order aberration, choroidal thickness, and axial length. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10891. [PMID: 35764689 PMCID: PMC9240066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and myopia by evaluating higher order aberrations (HOAs) and choroidal thickness (CT). We recruited 72 myopic children with DED symptoms (mean age 12.8 years), measured the tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal/intraocular/total ocular HOAs, CT, and axial length (AL), administered lifestyle questionnaires, and evaluated the relationships among TBUT, HOAs, CT, and AL. The TBUT was correlated significantly with the corneal HOAs and intraocular HOAs but not with the total ocular HOAs. Multiple regression analyses showed that the AL was associated significantly with the TBUT (β = − 0.067, P = 0.004), the intraocular HOAs, and total ocular HOAs but not with the corneal HOAs. The CT was associated significantly with the TBUT and AL (β = 9.15 and − 7.85, respectively; P < 0.001 and = 0.01, respectively). Our data suggested the association between DED and myopia might be independent of the HOAs. We showed that the TBUT was associated with the CT, which is related to the AL. Because the parasympathetic nervous system affects the lacrimal glands and CT, the parasympathetic nervous system might be a common upstream factor in the association between DED and myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Hazra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Erisa Yotsukura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kiwako Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., 34 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sim JH, Chae H, Kim SB, Yoo S. Simple and practical methods for utilizing parylene C film based on vertical deposition and laser patterning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9506. [PMID: 35681067 PMCID: PMC9184507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose two novel methods to effectively utilize parylene C films. First, we demonstrate a vertical deposition method capable of depositing a parylene C film of the same thickness on both sides of a sample. Through this method, we have formed parylene C films with a thickness of 4 μm on both sides of the sample with a thickness deviation of less than 2.5%. Further optical verification indicates that parylene C films formed by this method have a very uniform thickness distribution on each side of the surfaces. Second, we propose a debris-tolerant laser patterning method as a mask-less means to fabricate self-supporting ultrathin parylene C films. This method does not involve any photolithography and entails a simple and rapid process that can be performed using only a few materials with excellent biocompatibility. It is demonstrated that patterned parylene C films exhibit a high degree of surface uniformity and have various geometrical shapes so that they can be used for substrates of highly flexible and/or stretchable devices. Finally, we use both of the proposed methods to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and waterproof-packaged bifacial blue LED modules to illustrate their potential in emerging applications that would benefit from such versatile form factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Sim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Chae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moerel D, Grootswagers T, Robinson AK, Shatek SM, Woolgar A, Carlson TA, Rich AN. The time-course of feature-based attention effects dissociated from temporal expectation and target-related processes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6968. [PMID: 35484363 PMCID: PMC9050682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective attention prioritises relevant information amongst competing sensory input. Time-resolved electrophysiological studies have shown stronger representation of attended compared to unattended stimuli, which has been interpreted as an effect of attention on information coding. However, because attention is often manipulated by making only the attended stimulus a target to be remembered and/or responded to, many reported attention effects have been confounded with target-related processes such as visual short-term memory or decision-making. In addition, attention effects could be influenced by temporal expectation about when something is likely to happen. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic effect of attention on visual processing using multivariate pattern analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data, while (1) controlling for target-related confounds, and (2) directly investigating the influence of temporal expectation. Participants viewed rapid sequences of overlaid oriented grating pairs while detecting a "target" grating of a particular orientation. We manipulated attention, one grating was attended and the other ignored (cued by colour), and temporal expectation, with stimulus onset timing either predictable or not. We controlled for target-related processing confounds by only analysing non-target trials. Both attended and ignored gratings were initially coded equally in the pattern of responses across EEG sensors. An effect of attention, with preferential coding of the attended stimulus, emerged approximately 230 ms after stimulus onset. This attention effect occurred even when controlling for target-related processing confounds, and regardless of stimulus onset expectation. These results provide insight into the effect of feature-based attention on the dynamic processing of competing visual information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Moerel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tijl Grootswagers
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda K Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sophia M Shatek
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anina N Rich
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Near Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of Rhodotorula babjevae Strains Reveals High Intraspecific Divergence. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040323. [PMID: 35448555 PMCID: PMC9027234 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Rhodotorula includes basidiomycetous oleaginous yeast species. Rhodotorula babjevae can produce compounds of biotechnological interest such as lipids, carotenoids, and biosurfactants from low value substrates such as lignocellulose hydrolysate. High-quality genome assemblies are needed to develop genetic tools and to understand fungal evolution and genetics. Here, we combined short- and long-read sequencing to resolve the genomes of two R. babjevae strains, CBS 7808 (type strain) and DBVPG 8058, at chromosomal level. Both genomes are 21 Mbp in size and have a GC content of 68.2%. Allele frequency analysis indicates that both strains are tetraploid. The genomes consist of a maximum of 21 chromosomes with a size of 0.4 to 2.4 Mbp. In both assemblies, the mitochondrial genome was recovered in a single contig, that shared 97% pairwise identity. Pairwise identity between most chromosomes ranges from 82 to 87%. We also found indications for strain-specific extrachromosomal endogenous DNA. A total of 7591 and 7481 protein-coding genes were annotated in CBS 7808 and DBVPG 8058, respectively. CBS 7808 accumulated a higher number of tandem duplications than DBVPG 8058. We identified large translocation events between putative chromosomes. Genome divergence values between the two strains indicate that they may belong to different species.
Collapse
|
17
|
Polarization and angular insensitive bendable metamaterial absorber for UV to NIR range. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4857. [PMID: 35318387 PMCID: PMC8941150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadband absorbers are required for solar energy harvesting because they efficiently absorb the incident photon in the wide-ranging solar spectrum. To ensure high absorption of photons, metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) have been a growing area of interest in recent years. In this article, an MMA is proposed using a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure (Ni–SiO2–Ni) that shows a near-unity broadband absorption of wavelengths from 300 to 1600 nm, with a 95.77% average absorption and a peak absorption of 99.999% at 772.82 nm. The MMA is polarization insensitive as well as wide incident angle stable. Analysis of the effects of mechanical bending on the absorption of the proposed structure shows that absorption holds satisfactory values at different degrees of mechanical loading. The suggested MMA unit cell structure was computationally simulated using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) and verified using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To analyze the feasibility of the proposed MMA as a solar cell, it is investigated with the universal AM 1.5 solar spectrum characteristics. Besides solar energy harvesting, the proposed MMA unit cell may be employed in a variety of diverse optical applications, including sensors, detectors, and imaging.
Collapse
|
18
|
Trick AY, Ngo HT, Nambiar AH, Morakis MM, Chen FE, Chen L, Hsieh K, Wang TH. Filtration-assisted magnetofluidic cartridge platform for HIV RNA detection from blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:945-953. [PMID: 35088790 PMCID: PMC9035341 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00820j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect and quantify HIV RNA in blood is essential to sensitive detection of infections and monitoring viremia throughout treatment. Current options for point-of-care HIV diagnosis (i.e. lateral flow rapid tests) lack sensitivity for early detection and are unable to quantify viral load. HIV RNA diagnostics typically require extensive pre-processing of blood to isolate plasma and extract nucleic acids, in addition to expensive equipment for conducting nucleic acid amplification and fluorescence detection. Therefore, molecular HIV diagnostics is still mainly limited to clinical laboratories and there is an unmet need for high sensitivity point-of-care screening and at-home HIV viral load quantification. In this work, we outline a streamlined workflow for extraction of plasma from whole blood coupled with HIV RNA extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a portable magnetofluidic cartridge platform for use at the point-of-care. Viral particles were isolated from blood using manual filtration through a 3D-printed filter module in seconds followed by automated nucleic acid capture, purification, and transfer to qPCR using magnetic beads. Both nucleic acid extraction and qPCR were integrated within cartridges using compact instrumentation consisting of a motorized magnet arm, miniaturized thermocycler, and image-based fluorescence detection. We demonstrated detection down to 1000 copies of HIV viral particles from whole blood in <30 minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Trick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Hoan Thanh Ngo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anju H Nambiar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Marisa M Morakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Fan-En Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Liben Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim YS, An J, Jeon JB, Son MW, Son S, Park W, Lee Y, Park J, Kim GY, Kim G, Song H, Kim KM. Ternary Logic with Stateful Neural Networks Using a Bilayered TaO X -Based Memristor Exhibiting Ternary States. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104107. [PMID: 34913617 PMCID: PMC8844464 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A memristive stateful neural network allowing complete Boolean in-memory computing attracts high interest in future electronics. Various Boolean logic gates and functions demonstrated so far confirm their practical potential as an emerging computing device. However, spatio-temporal efficiency of the stateful logic is still too limited to replace conventional computing technologies. This study proposes a ternary-state memristor device (simply a ternary memristor) for application to ternary stateful logic. The ternary-state implementable memristor device is developed with bilayered tantalum oxide by precisely controlling the oxygen content in each oxide layer. The device can operate 157 ternary logic gates in one operational clock, which allows an experimental demonstration of a functionally complete three-valued Łukasiewicz logic system. An optimized logic cascading strategy with possible ternary gates is ≈20% more efficient than conventional binary stateful logic, suggesting it can be beneficial for higher performance in-memory computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Seok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho An
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Won Son
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seoil Son
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoon Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Juseong Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangmin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hanchan Song
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKAIST291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Magnetic tweezers: development and use in single-molecule research. Biotechniques 2022; 72:65-72. [PMID: 35037472 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of magnetic tweezers for single-molecule micromanipulation has evolved rapidly since its introduction approximately 30 years ago. Magnetic tweezers have provided important insights into the dynamic activity of DNA-processing enzymes, as well as detailed, high-resolution information on the mechanical properties of DNA. These successes have been enabled by major advancements in the hardware and software components of these devices. These developments now allow for a much richer mechanistic understanding of the functions and mechanisms of DNA-binding enzymes. In this review, the authors briefly discuss the fundamental principles of magnetic tweezers and describe the advancements that have made it a superlative tool for investigating, at the single-molecule level, DNA and its interactions with DNA-binding proteins.
Collapse
|
21
|
Characterization of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene variants and analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency from Fujian Province, Southeastern China. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10409-10419. [PMID: 36104584 PMCID: PMC9618490 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (PAHD) is the most prevalent inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism in China. Its complex phenotype includes many variants and genotypes among different populations. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) variants in a cohort of 93 PAHD patients from Fujian Province. We also assessed genotype and phenotype correlation in patients with PAHD. A total of 44 different pathogenic variants were identified, including five novel variants. The three most prevalent variants among all patents were c.158G > A, p.(Arg53His) (18.03%), c.721C > T, p.(Arg241Cys) (14.75%), and c.728G > A, p.(Arg243Gln) (7.65%). The frequency of the c.158G > A, p.(Arg53His) variant was highest in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia, whereas the frequency of the c.1197A > T, p.(Val399 =) and c.331C > T, p.(Arg111Ter) variants was highest in patients with classic phenylketonuria. The most abundant genotypes observed in PAHD patients were c.[158G > A];[728G > A], c.[158G > A];[442-1G > A], and c.[158G > A];[721C > T]. Comparing allelic phenotype to genotypic phenotype values yielded fairly accurate predictions of phenotype, with an overall consistency rate was 85.71% for PAHD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a PAH variant spectrum in PAHD patients from Fujian Province, Southeastern China. Quantitative correlation analysis between genotype and phenotype severity is helpful for genetic counseling and management.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jimenez GL, Shrestha B, Porter T, Starzyk B, Lesniak M, Kuwik M, Kochanowicz M, Szumera M, Lisiecki R, Dorosz D. Highly efficient green up-conversion emission from fluoroindate glass nanoparticles functionalized with a biocompatible polymer. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20074-20079. [PMID: 35919588 PMCID: PMC9272469 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Up-conversion nanoparticles have garnered lots of attention due to their ability to transform low energy light (near-infrared) into high-energy (visible) light, enabling their potential use as remote visible light nano-transducers. However, their low efficiency restricts their full potential. To overcome this disadvantage, fluoroindate glasses (InF3) doped at different molar concentrations of Yb3+ and Er3+ were obtained using the melting–quenching technique, reaching the highest green emission at 1.4Yb and 1.75Er (mol%), which corresponds to the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (540–552 nm) transition. The particles possess the amorphous nature of the glass and have a high thermostability, as corroborated by thermogravimetric assay. Furthermore, the spectral decay curve analysis showed efficient energy transfer as the rare-earth ions varied. This was corroborated with the absolute quantum yield (QY) obtained (85%) upon excitation at 385 nm with QYEr = 17% and QYYb = 68%. Additionally, InF3–1.4Yb–1.75Er was milled and functionalized using poly(ethylene glycol) to impart biocompatibility, which is essential for biomedical applications. Such functionalization was verified using FTIR, TG/DSC, and XRD. Up-conversion nanoparticles have garnered lots of attention due to their ability to transform low energy light (near-infrared) into high-energy (visible) light, enabling their potential use as remote visible light nano-transducers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Lesly Jimenez
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Binita Shrestha
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78-712 Texas, USA
| | - Tyron Porter
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78-712 Texas, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Starzyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lesniak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kuwik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kochanowicz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szumera
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Lisiecki
- Optical Spectroscopy Division, University of Wrocław, plac Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - D. Dorosz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gerstenberg M, Stürzel CM, Weil T, Kirchhoff F, Lindén M. Modular Hydrogel−Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Constructs for Therapy and Diagnostics. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gerstenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II University Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christina M. Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical Center Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department for Synthesis of Macromolecules Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical Center Meyerhofstrasse 1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II University Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tátila-Ferreira A, Garcia GA, Dos Santos LMB, Pavan MG, de C Moreira CJ, Victoriano JC, da Silva-Junior R, Dos Santos-Mallet JR, Verly T, Britto C, Sikulu-Lord MT, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23884. [PMID: 34903840 PMCID: PMC8668913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite with an estimated 70 million people at risk. Traditionally, parasite presence in triatomine vectors is detected through optical microscopy which can be low in sensitivity or molecular techniques which can be costly in endemic countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a reagent-free technique, the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi in Triatoma infestans body parts and in wet/dry excreta samples of the insect. NIRS was 100% accurate for predicting the presence of T. cruzi infection Dm28c strain (TcI) in either the midgut or the rectum and models developed from either body part could predict infection in the other part. Models developed to predict infection in excreta samples were 100% accurate for predicting infection in both wet and dry samples. However, models developed using dry excreta could not predict infection in wet samples and vice versa. This is the first study to report on the potential application of NIRS for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi infection in T. infestans in the laboratory. Future work should demonstrate the capacity of NIRS to detect T. cruzi in triatomines originating from the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Garcia
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilha M B Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Pavan
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos José de C Moreira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Victoriano
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacenir R Dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Verly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maggy T Sikulu-Lord
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abeln F, Chuck CJ. The history, state of the art and future prospects for oleaginous yeast research. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:221. [PMID: 34876155 PMCID: PMC8650507 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based biofuels, such as biodiesel and hydroprocessed esters, are a central part of the global initiative to reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector. The vast majority of production is currently from first-generation feedstocks, such as rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. However, the increased exploitation of soybean oil and palm oil has led to vast deforestation, smog emissions and heavily impacted on biodiversity in tropical regions. One promising alternative, potentially capable of meeting future demand sustainably, are oleaginous yeasts. Despite being known about for 143 years, there has been an increasing effort in the last decade to develop a viable industrial system, with currently around 100 research papers published annually. In the academic literature, approximately 160 native yeasts have been reported to produce over 20% of their dry weight in a glyceride-rich oil. The most intensively studied oleaginous yeast have been Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus (20% of publications), Rhodotorula toruloides (19%) and Yarrowia lipolytica (19%). Oleaginous yeasts have been primarily grown on single saccharides (60%), hydrolysates (26%) or glycerol (19%), and mainly on the mL scale (66%). Process development and genetic modification (7%) have been applied to alter yeast performance and the lipids, towards the production of biofuels (77%), food/supplements (24%), oleochemicals (19%) or animal feed (3%). Despite over a century of research and the recent application of advanced genetic engineering techniques, the industrial production of an economically viable commodity oil substitute remains elusive. This is mainly due to the estimated high production cost, however, over the course of the twenty-first century where climate change will drastically change global food supply networks and direct governmental action will likely be levied at more destructive crops, yeast lipids offer a flexible platform for localised, sustainable lipid production. Based on data from the large majority of oleaginous yeast academic publications, this review is a guide through the history of oleaginous yeast research, an assessment of the best growth and lipid production achieved to date, the various strategies employed towards industrial production and importantly, a critical discussion about what needs to be built on this huge body of work to make producing a yeast-derived, more sustainable, glyceride oil a commercial reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abeln
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Assemblage of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and green waste compost enhance drought stress tolerance in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) trees. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22835. [PMID: 34819547 PMCID: PMC8613250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, an eco-friendly management technology to improve young carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) tree tolerance to water deficit was set up by using single or combined treatments of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or compost (C). Two groups of young carob have been installed: (i) carob cultivated under well-watered conditions (WW; 70% field capacity (FC)) and (ii) where the plants were drought-stressed (DS; 35% FC) during 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. The effect of used biofertilizers on the course of growth, physiological (photosynthetic traits, water status, osmolytes, and mineral content), and biochemical (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxidative damage to lipids (malondialdehyde (MDA), and membrane stability (MS)) traits in response to short- and long-term droughts were assessed. The dual application of AMF and C (C + AMF) boosted growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake in carob under WW and DS. After eight months, C + AMF significantly enhanced stomatal conductance by 20%, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII by 7%, leaf water potential by 23%, chlorophyll and carotenoid by 40%, plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P by 75%, N by 46%, K+ by 35%, and Ca2+ by 40%), concentrations of soluble sugar by 40%, and protein content by 44% than controls under DS conditions. Notably, C + AMF reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA content to a greater degree and increased MS. In contrast, enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase) significantly increased in C + AMF plants under DS. Overall, our findings suggest that the pairing of C + AMF can mediate superior drought tolerance in young carob trees by increasing leaf stomatal conductance, cellular water content, higher solute concentration, and defense response against oxidative damage during the prolonged period of DS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Riddick RC, Farris DJ, Brown NAT, Kelly LA. Stiffening the human foot with a biomimetic exotendon. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22778. [PMID: 34815463 PMCID: PMC8610986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoes are generally designed protect the feet against repetitive collisions with the ground, often using thick viscoelastic midsoles to add in-series compliance under the human. Recent footwear design developments have shown that this approach may also produce metabolic energy savings. Here we test an alternative approach to modify the foot-ground interface by adding additional stiffness in parallel to the plantar aponeurosis, targeting the windlass mechanism. Stiffening the windlass mechanism by about 9% led to decreases in peak activation of the ankle plantarflexors soleus (~ 5%, p < 0.001) and medial gastrocnemius (~ 4%, p < 0.001), as well as a ~ 6% decrease in positive ankle work (p < 0.001) during fixed-frequency bilateral hopping (2.33 Hz). These results suggest that stiffening the foot may reduce cost in dynamic tasks primarily by reducing the effort required to plantarflex the ankle, since peak activation of the intrinsic foot muscle abductor hallucis was unchanged (p = 0.31). Because the novel exotendon design does not operate via the compression or bending of a bulky midsole, the device is light (55 g) and its profile is low enough that it can be worn within an existing shoe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Riddick
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Dominic J Farris
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Nicholas A T Brown
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Luke A Kelly
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quantitative assessments of late radiation-induced skin and soft tissue toxicity and correlation with RTOG scales and biological equivalent dose in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:836-845. [PMID: 34792726 PMCID: PMC8600910 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radiation-induced toxicity (RIT) is usually assessed by inspection and palpation. Due to their subjective and unquantitative nature, objective methods are required. This study aimed to determine whether a quantitative tool is able to assess RIT and establish an underlying BED-response relationship in breast cancer. Methods Patients following seven different breast radiation protocols were recruited to this study for RIT assessment with qualitative and quantitative examination. The biologically equivalent dose (BED) was used to directly compare different radiation regimens. RIT was subjectively evaluated by physicians using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late toxicity scores. Simultaneously an objective multiprobe device was also used to quantitatively assess late RIT in terms of erythema, hyperpigmentation, elasticity and skin hydration. Results In 194 patients, in terms of the objective measurements, treated breasts showed higher erythema and hyperpigmentation and lower elasticity and hydration than untreated breasts (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.019, respectively). As the BED increased, Δerythema and Δpigmentation gradually increased as well (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). Regarding the clinical assessment, the increase in BED resulted in a higher RTOG toxicity grade (p < 0.001). Quantitative assessments were consistent with RTOG scores. As the RTOG toxicity grade increased, the erythema and pigmentation values increased, and the elasticity index decreased (p < 0.001, p = 0.016, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions The multiprobe device can be a sensitive and simple tool for research purpose and quantitatively assessing RIT in patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer. Physician-assessed toxicity scores and objective measurements revealed that the BED was positively associated with the severity of RIT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12094-021-02729-z.
Collapse
|
29
|
Roy S, Zhang X, Puthirath AB, Meiyazhagan A, Bhattacharyya S, Rahman MM, Babu G, Susarla S, Saju SK, Tran MK, Sassi LM, Saadi MASR, Lai J, Sahin O, Sajadi SM, Dharmarajan B, Salpekar D, Chakingal N, Baburaj A, Shuai X, Adumbumkulath A, Miller KA, Gayle JM, Ajnsztajn A, Prasankumar T, Harikrishnan VVJ, Ojha V, Kannan H, Khater AZ, Zhu Z, Iyengar SA, Autreto PADS, Oliveira EF, Gao G, Birdwell AG, Neupane MR, Ivanov TG, Taha-Tijerina J, Yadav RM, Arepalli S, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM. Structure, Properties and Applications of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101589. [PMID: 34561916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has emerged as a strong candidate for two-dimensional (2D) material owing to its exciting optoelectrical properties combined with mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. Super-thin h-BN layers have gained significant attention from the scientific community for many applications, including nanoelectronics, photonics, biomedical, anti-corrosion, and catalysis, among others. This review provides a systematic elaboration of the structural, electrical, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of h-BN followed by a comprehensive account of state-of-the-art synthesis strategies for 2D h-BN, including chemical exfoliation, chemical, and physical vapor deposition, and other methods that have been successfully developed in recent years. It further elaborates a wide variety of processing routes developed for doping, substitution, functionalization, and combination with other materials to form heterostructures. Based on the extraordinary properties and thermal-mechanical-chemical stability of 2D h-BN, various potential applications of these structures are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ashokkumar Meiyazhagan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sohini Bhattacharyya
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Muhammad M Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ganguli Babu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sreehari K Saju
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Mai Kim Tran
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lucas M Sassi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - M A S R Saadi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jiawei Lai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Onur Sahin
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Dharmarajan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Devashish Salpekar
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Nithya Chakingal
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Abhijit Baburaj
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xinting Shuai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Aparna Adumbumkulath
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kristen A Miller
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jessica M Gayle
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Alec Ajnsztajn
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Thibeorchews Prasankumar
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - Ved Ojha
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Harikishan Kannan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ali Zein Khater
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sathvik Ajay Iyengar
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pedro Alves da Silva Autreto
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. Dos Estados, 5001-Bangú, Santo André - SP, Santo André, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Eliezer Fernando Oliveira
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
- Center for Computational Engineering and Sciences (CCES), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - A Glen Birdwell
- Combat Capabilities Development Command, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Mahesh R Neupane
- Combat Capabilities Development Command, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Tony G Ivanov
- Combat Capabilities Development Command, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Jaime Taha-Tijerina
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Engineering Department, Universidad de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte., San Pedro Garza Garcí, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, 66238, Mexico
- Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Ram Manohar Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics, VSSD College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208002, India
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang W, Yin J, Wang C, Zhao L, Jian W, Lu K, Lin H, Qiu X, Alshareef HN. Lignin Derived Porous Carbons: Synthesis Methods and Supercapacitor Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100896. [PMID: 34927974 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, one of the renewable constituents in natural plant biomasses, holds great potential as a sustainable source of functional carbon materials. Tremendous research efforts have been made on lignin-derived carbon electrodes for rechargeable batteries. However, lignin is considered as one of the most promising carbon precursors for the development of high-performance, low-cost porous carbon electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Yet, these efforts have not been reviewed in detail in the current literature. This review, therefore, offers a basis for the utilization of lignin as a pivotal precursor for the synthesis of porous carbons for use in supercapacitor electrode applications. Lignin chemistry, the synthesis process of lignin-derived porous carbons, and future directions for developing better porous carbon electrode materials from lignin are systematically reviewed. Technological hurdles and approaches that should be prioritized in future research are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Caiwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Jian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haibo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miyamoto Y, Kubota K, Asawa Y, Hoshi K, Hikita A. M1-like macrophage contributes to chondrogenesis in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21307. [PMID: 34716346 PMCID: PMC8556372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissues have poor self-repairing abilities. Regenerative medicine can be applied to recover cartilage tissue damage in the oral and maxillofacial regions. However, hitherto it has not been possible to predict the maturity of the tissue construction after transplantation or to prepare mature cartilage tissues before transplantation that can meet clinical needs. Macrophages play an important role in cartilage tissue regeneration, although the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we established and verified an in vitro experimental system for the direct co-culture of cell pellets prepared from mouse auricular chondrocytes and macrophages polarized into four phenotypes (M1-like, M1, M2-like, and M2). We demonstrate that cartilage pellets co-cultured with M1-like promoted collagen type 2 and aggrecan production and induced the most significant increase in chondrogenesis. Furthermore, M1-like shifted to M2 on day 7 of co-culture, suggesting that the cartilage pellet supplied factors that changed the polarization of M1-like. Our findings suggest that cartilage regenerative medicine will be most effective if the maturation of cartilage tissues is induced in vitro by co-culture with M1-like before transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keigo Kubota
- Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan.,Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Asawa
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vuori MA, Reinikainen J, Söderberg S, Bergdahl E, Jousilahti P, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Zeller T, Westermann D, Sans S, Linneberg A, Iacoviello L, Costanzo S, Salomaa V, Blankenberg S, Kuulasmaa K, Niiranen TJ. Diabetes status-related differences in risk factors and mediators of heart failure in the general population: results from the MORGAM/BiomarCaRE consortium. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:195. [PMID: 34583686 PMCID: PMC8479921 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of heart failure among diabetic individuals is high, even under tight glycemic control. The correlates and mediators of heart failure risk in individuals with diabetes need more elucidation in large population-based cohorts with long follow-up times and a wide panel of biologically relevant biomarkers. Methods In a population-based sample of 3834 diabetic and 90,177 non-diabetic individuals, proportional hazards models and mediation analysis were used to assess the relation of conventional heart failure risk factors and biomarkers with incident heart failure. Results Over a median follow-up of 13.8 years, a total of 652 (17.0%) and 5524 (6.1%) cases of incident heart failure were observed in participants with and without diabetes, respectively. 51.4% were women and the mean age at baseline was 48.7 (standard deviation [SD] 12.5) years. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for heart failure among diabetic individuals was 2.70 (95% confidence interval, 2.49–2.93) compared to non-diabetic participants. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox models, conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as smoking (diabetes: HR 2.07 [1.59–2.69]; non-diabetes: HR 1.85 [1.68–2.02]), BMI (diabetes: HR 1.30 [1.18–1.42]; non-diabetes: HR 1.40 [1.35–1.47]), baseline myocardial infarction (diabetes: HR 2.06 [1.55–2.75]; non-diabetes: HR 2.86 [2.50–3.28]), and baseline atrial fibrillation (diabetes: HR 1.51 [0.82–2.80]; non-diabetes: HR 2.97 [2.21–4.00]) had the strongest associations with incident heart failure. In addition, biomarkers for cardiac strain (represented by nT-proBNP, diabetes: HR 1.26 [1.19–1.34]; non-diabetes: HR 1.43 [1.39–1.47]), myocardial injury (hs-TnI, diabetes: HR 1.10 [1.04–1.16]; non-diabetes: HR 1.13 [1.10–1.16]), and inflammation (hs-CRP, diabetes: HR 1.13 [1.03–1.24]; non-diabetes: HR 1.29 [1.25–1.34]) were also associated with incident heart failure. In general, all these associations were equally strong in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. However, the strongest mediators of heart failure in diabetes were the direct effect of diabetes status itself (relative effect share 43.1% [33.9–52.3] and indirect effects (effect share 56.9% [47.7-66.1]) mediated by obesity (BMI, 13.2% [10.3–16.2]), cardiac strain/volume overload (nT-proBNP, 8.4% [-0.7–17.4]), and hyperglycemia (glucose, 12.0% [4.2–19.9]). Conclusions The findings suggest that the main mediators of heart failure in diabetes are obesity, hyperglycemia, and cardiac strain/volume overload. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors are strongly related to incident heart failure, but these associations are not stronger in diabetic than in non-diabetic individuals. Active measurement of relevant biomarkers could potentially be used to improve prevention and prediction of heart failure in high-risk diabetic patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01378-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti A Vuori
- Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinanmyllynkatu 2, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Reinikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Susana Sans
- Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinanmyllynkatu 2, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ijaz S, Rana AS, Ahmad Z, Rehman B, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ. Exploiting zirconium nitride for an efficient heat-resistant absorber and emitter pair for solar thermophotovoltaic systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31537-31548. [PMID: 34615245 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A perfect absorber in the visible-infrared regime maintaining its performance at elevated temperatures and under a harsh environment is needed for energy harvesting using solar-thermophotovoltaic (STPV) systems. A near-perfect metasurface absorber based on lossy refractory metal nitride, zirconium-nitride (ZrN), having a melting-point of 2,980°C, is presented. The numerically proposed design with metal-insulator-metal configuration exhibits an average of > 95% for 400-800 nm and 86% for 280-2200 nm. High absorption is attributed to magnetic resonance leading to free-space impedance matching. The subwavelength structure is polarization- and angle-insensitive and is highly tolerant to fabrication imperfections. An emitter is optimized for bandgap energy ranging from 0.7 eV-1.9 eV.
Collapse
|
34
|
Koyama T, Murakami S, Karasawa T, Ejiri M, Shiono K. Complete root specimen of plants grown in soil-filled root box: sampling, measuring, and staining method. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:97. [PMID: 34544441 PMCID: PMC8454053 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed datasets containing root system and its architecture in soil are required to improve understanding of resource capture by roots. However, most of the root study methods have paid little attention to make and preserve whole root specimens. This study introduces root system sampling equipment that makes the entire root specimen with minimum impairment and without displacement of the spatial arrangement of the root system in root boxes. The objectives are to assess: whether the equipment can rapidly sample the entire root system; whether root surface area is measurable from a scanned digital image of the root specimen; and whether staining of the entire root specimens would provide multidimensional visual information on the interaction between soil and physiological function of root system architecture (RSA). For validation, we examined the root response of two soybean cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation and the effect of waterlogging stress on the physiological activity of buckwheat RSA. RESULTS The root boxes allowed soybean and buckwheat plants to grow uniformly across the replications. Both species showed significant differences between cultivars and/or among treatments in shoot and root traits. The equipment enabled to sample the whole-root specimens of soybean and buckwheat, where the tips of the fine roots were alive (diameter < 0.2 mm). Also, the whole root specimens of soybean were made in about 7 min. The root surface area calculated from the scanned soybean specimens showed a significant correlation with that calculated from the roots spread out in water (a common method). Staining of the soybean root specimens enabled us to observe the localized root proliferation induced by AM colonization. Moreover, staining of the buckwheat root specimens made it possible to examine the respiratory activity of each root at different depths. CONCLUSIONS The present method realized: fast and accurate production of the whole root specimen and precise calculation of the specimens' root surface area. Moreover, staining of the root specimens enabled analyzing the interaction between soil and physiological function of RSA. The evaluation of root traits, using our methods, will contribute to developing agronomic management and breeding program for sustainable food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Koyama
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Shun Murakami
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Karasawa
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center (Kanto, Tokai and Hokuriku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Masato Ejiri
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiono
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dash S, Maity R. Revealing alarming changes in spatial coverage of joint hot and wet extremes across India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18031. [PMID: 34504278 PMCID: PMC8429548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to any single hydroclimatic variable, joint extremes of multiple variables impact more heavily on the society and ecosystem. In this study, we developed new joint extreme indices (JEIs) using temperature and precipitation, and investigated its spatio-temporal variation with observed records across Indian mainland. Analysis shows an alarming rate of change in the spatial extent of some of the joint extreme phenomena, tending to remain above normal. For example, above normal hot nights and wet days events expands at a rate of 0.61% per year considering entire Indian mainland. If the historical trend continues at the same rate, consecutive cold and wet day events will drop below the threshold of mean value observed in the base line period (1981-2010) everywhere in the country by the end of the twenty-first century. In contrast, the entire country will be covered by hot nights and wet days events only (frequency of occurrence will cross the threshold of mean value observed in the base line period). This observation is also supported by the CMIP6 climate model outputs. It is further revealed that extremes of any single variable, i.e. either precipitation or temperature (e.g., Extreme Wet Days, Consecutive Wet Days, Hot Nights, and Cold Spell Duration Index), do not manifest such an alarming spatial expansion/contraction. This indicates that the consideration of the joint indices of hydroclimatic variables is more informative for the climate change impact analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Dash
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Rajib Maity
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ojeda-Martinez D, Martinez M, Diaz I, Estrella Santamaria M. Spider mite egg extract modifies Arabidopsis response to future infestations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17692. [PMID: 34489518 PMCID: PMC8421376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional plant responses are an important aspect of herbivore oviposition studies. However, most of our current knowledge is derived from studies using Lepidopteran models, where egg-laying and feeding are separate events in time. Little is known regarding plant response to pests where females feed and oviposit simultaneously. The present study characterized oviposition-induced transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis to Tetranychus urticae egg extracts. Transcriptional evidence indicates that early events in plant response to the egg extract involve responses typical to biotic stresses, which include the alteration in the levels of Ca2+ and ROS, the modification of pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid and ethylene, and the production of volatiles and glucosinolates as defence mechanisms. These molecular changes affect female fertility, which was significantly reduced when mites fed on plants pre-exposed to the egg extract. However, longer periods of plant exposure to egg extract cause changes in the transcriptional response of the plant reveal a trend to a decrease in the activation of the defensive response. This alteration correlated with a shift at 72 h of exposition in the effect of the mite feeding. At that point, plants become more susceptible and suffer higher damage when challenged by the mite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dairon Ojeda-Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kong X, Yu D, Wang Z, Li S. Relationship between p53 status and the bioeffect of ionizing radiation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:661. [PMID: 34386083 PMCID: PMC8299044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer patients and it may be used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to inhibit tumor development. However, radiotherapy may at times not kill all cancer cells completely, as certain cells may develop radioresistance that counteracts the effects of radiation. The emergence of radioresistance is associated with the genetic background and epigenetic regulation of cells. p53 is an important tumor suppressor gene that is expressed at low levels in cells. However, when cells are subjected to stress-induced stimulation, the expression level of p53 increases, thereby preventing genomic disruption. This mechanism has important roles in maintaining cell stability and inhibiting carcinogenesis. However, mutation and deletion destroy the anticancer function of p53 and may induce carcinogenesis. In tumor radiotherapy, the status of p53 expression in cancer cells has a close relationship with radiotherapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding how p53 expression affects the cellular response to radiation is of great significance for solving the problem of radioresistance and improving radiotherapeutic outcomes. For the present review, the literature was searched for studies published between 1979 and 2021 using the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with the following key words: Wild-type p53, mutant-type p53, long non-coding RNA, microRNA, gene mutation, radioresistance and radiosensitivity. From the relevant studies retrieved, the association between different p53 mutants and cellular radiosensitivity, as well as the molecular mechanisms of p53 affecting the radiosensitivity of cells, were summarized. The aim of the present study was to provide useful information for understanding and resolving radioresistance, to help clinical researchers develop more accurate treatment strategies and to improve radiotherapeutic outcomes for cancer patients with p53 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Medical application of particle and heavy ion transport code system PHITS. Radiol Phys Technol 2021; 14:215-225. [PMID: 34195914 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-021-00628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) is a general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation code that has been applied in various areas of medical physics. These include application in different types of radiotherapy, shielding calculations, application to radiation biology, and research and development of medical tools. In this article, the useful features of PHITS are explained by referring to actual examples of various medical applications.
Collapse
|
39
|
Keramat SA, Alam K, Al-Hanawi MK, Gow J, Biddle SJH, Hashmi R. Trends in the prevalence of adult overweight and obesity in Australia, and its association with geographic remoteness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11320. [PMID: 34059752 PMCID: PMC8166878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing globally and has become a significant public health concern in Australia in the two past decades. This study explores the most recent national prevalence and trends of adult overweight and obesity in Australia. It will also investigate geographic remoteness as a potential risk factor for an individual being overweight or obese in adulthood. A retrospective longitudinal study that utilised 14 successive waves (wave 6 through 19) of a nationally representative linked individual-level survey. Data was obtained from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. The data on 199,675 observations from 26,713 individuals aged ≥ 15 years over the period 2006 to 2019 was analysed. Random-effects logit model was employed to estimate the association between geographic remoteness and the risk of excessive weight gain. The results reveal that the prevalence of overweight, obesity and combined overweight and obesity among Australian adults in 2019 were 34%, 26% and 60%, respectively. The analysis shows that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies by geographic remoteness. Adults from regional city urban (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16-2.03) and rural areas (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.47) were more likely to be obese compared with their counterparts from major city urban areas. The results also show that adults living in major city urban areas, regional city urban areas, and regional city rural areas in Australia were 1.53 (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16-2.03), 1.32 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.47), and 1.18 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.29) times more likely to be overweight compared with their counterparts from major city urban areas in Australia. Substantial geographic variation in the prevalence of overweight and obesity exists among Australian adults and appears to be increasing. Public health measures should focus on contextual obesogenic factors and behavioural characteristics to curb the rising prevalence of adult obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Keramat
- Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Health Economics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics, and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Rubayyat Hashmi
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shannon AE, Boos CE, Hummon AB. Co-culturing multicellular tumor models: Modeling the tumor microenvironment and analysis techniques. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000103. [PMID: 33569922 PMCID: PMC8262778 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture over the last 10 years have led to the development of a plethora of methods for cultivating tumor models. More recently, cellular co-cultures have become a suitable testbed. The first portion of this review focuses on co-culturing methods that have been developed in recent years utilizing the multicellular tumor spheroid model. The latter portion describes techniques that are used to analyze the proteomes of mono- or co-cultured tumor models, with a focus on mass spectrometry (MS)-based analyses. Protein profiles are important indicators of the tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, there is a specific focus within this review on analysis by MS and MS imaging methods evaluating the proteomic profiles of 2D and 3D co-cultures. While these models are incredibly important for biological research, so far, they have not been widely explored on the proteomic level. With this review, we aim to introduce these systems to an analytical audience, with the goal of highlighting MS as an underutilized tool for proteomic analysis of tumor models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana E. Shannon
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Claire E. Boos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hyperthermia induced disruption of mechanical balance leads to G1 arrest and senescence in cells. Biochem J 2021; 478:179-196. [PMID: 33346336 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human body temperature limits below 40°C during heat stroke or fever. The implications of prolonged exposure to the physiologically relevant temperature (40°C) on cellular mechanobiology is poorly understood. Here, we have examined the effects of heat stress (40°C for 72 h incubation) in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), mouse melanoma (B16F10), and non-cancerous mouse origin adipose tissue cells (L929). Hyperthermia increased the level of ROS, γ-H2AX and HSP70 and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells. Heat stress impaired cell division, caused G1 arrest, induced cellular senescence, and apoptosis in all the tested cell lines. The cells incubated at 40°C for 72 h displayed a significant decrease in the f-actin level and cellular traction as compared with cells incubated at 37°C. Also, the cells showed a larger focal adhesion area and stronger adhesion at 40°C than at 37°C. The mitotic cells at 40°C were unable to round up properly and displayed retracting actin stress fibers. Hyperthermia down-regulated HDAC6, increased the acetylation level of microtubules, and perturbed the chromosome alignment in the mitotic cells at 40°C. Overexpression of HDAC6 rescued the cells from the G1 arrest and reduced the delay in cell rounding at 40°C suggesting a crucial role of HDAC6 in hyperthermia mediated responses. This study elucidates the significant role of cellular traction, focal adhesions, and cytoskeletal networks in mitotic cell rounding and chromosomal misalignment. It also highlights the significance of HDAC6 in heat-evoked senile cellular responses.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim S, Dorlhiac G, Cotrim Chaves R, Zalavadia M, Streets A. Paper-thin multilayer microfluidic devices with integrated valves. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1287-1298. [PMID: 33690757 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01217c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated valve microfluidics has an unparalleled capability to automate rapid delivery of fluids at the nanoliter scale for high-throughput biological experimentation. However, multilayer soft lithography, which is used to fabricate valve-microfluidics, produces devices with a minimum thickness of around five millimeters. This form-factor limitation prevents the use of such devices in experiments with limited sample thickness tolerance such as 4-pi microscopy, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, and many forms of optical or magnetic tweezer applications. We present a new generation of integrated valve microfluidic devices that are less than 300 μm thick, including the cover-glass substrate, that resolves the thickness limitation. This "thin-chip" was fabricated through a novel soft-lithography technique that produces on-chip micro-valves with the same functionality and reliability of traditional thick valve-microfluidic devices despite the orders of magnitude reduction in thickness. We demonstrated the advantage of using our thin-chip over traditional thick devices to automate fluid control while imaging on a high-resolution inverted microscope. First, we demonstrate that the thin-chip provides an improved signal to noise when imaging single cells with two-color stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). We then demonstrated how the thin-chip can be used to simultaneously perform on-chip magnetic manipulation of beads and fluorescent imaging. This study reveals the potential of our thin-chip in high-resolution imaging, sorting, and bead capture-based single-cell multi-omics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohong Kim
- Ningbo University, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Taymour R, Kilian D, Ahlfeld T, Gelinsky M, Lode A. 3D bioprinting of hepatocytes: core-shell structured co-cultures with fibroblasts for enhanced functionality. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5130. [PMID: 33664366 PMCID: PMC7933206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of understanding and recapitulating cellular interactions of hepatocytes in their physiological microenvironment and to generate an artificial 3D in vitro model, a co-culture system using 3D extrusion bioprinting was developed. A bioink based on alginate and methylcellulose (algMC) was first shown to be suitable for bioprinting of hepatocytes; the addition of Matrigel to algMC enhanced proliferation and morphology of them in monophasic scaffolds. Towards a more complex system that allows studying cellular interactions, we applied core-shell bioprinting to establish tailored 3D co-culture models for hepatocytes. The bioinks were specifically functionalized with natural matrix components (based on human plasma, fibrin or Matrigel) and used to co-print fibroblasts and hepatocytes in a spatially defined, coaxial manner. Fibroblasts acted as supportive cells for co-cultured hepatocytes, stimulating the expression of certain biomarkers of hepatocytes like albumin. Furthermore, matrix functionalization positively influenced both cell types in their respective compartments by enhancing their adhesion, viability, proliferation and function. In conclusion, we established a functional co-culture model with independently tunable compartments for different cell types via core-shell bioprinting. This provides the basis for more complex in vitro models allowing co-cultivation of hepatocytes with other liver-specific cell types to closely resemble the liver microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Taymour
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Khaliq HS, Akram MR, Riaz K, Ansari MA, Akbar J, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhang D, Wang X, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ. Single-layered meta-reflectarray for polarization retention and spin-encrypted phase-encoding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3230-3242. [PMID: 33770926 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Broadband communication with high data rates is a dire need for state-of-the-art wireless technologies. For achieving efficient wireless communication (particularly in an indoor environment), the electromagnetic (EM) waves should maintain their state of polarization despite encountering multiple reflections. Metasurfaces provide a unique platform to design subwavelength-featured meta-reflectarrays which enable the desired retention of the polarization state of an EM wave upon reflection. We present a single-layered broadband meta-reflectarray, simultaneously breaking n-fold (n > 2) rotational and mirror symmetry, which exhibits an unprecedented control over the phase, amplitude, and polarization of a reflected EM wave. This unique control enables the retention of polarization state and recording of spin-encrypted information for the reflected EM waves. Such novel multifunctional meta-reflectarray can be crucial to building an indoor setup for high data rate wireless communications. Meanwhile, the meta-array's ability to encode phase information provides an extra degree of freedom to structure and control (via incident spin) the reflected EM beam in the desired way. For the proof of concept, we have experimentally demonstrated a spin-encrypted holographic display which reconstructs the recorded holographic image at an image plane for the left circularly polarized (LCP) illumination and exhibits circular dichroism for the right circularly polarized (RCP) incident waves. The proposed meta-array can find applications in 5G indoor wireless communication, chiral sensing, spin-selective imaging, holography, and encryption.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Nearly a fourth of all enzymatic activities is attributable to oxidoreductases, and the redox reactions supported by this vast catalytic repertoire sustain cellular metabolism. In many biological processes, reduction depends on hydride transfer from either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or its phosphorylated derivative (NADPH). Despite longstanding efforts to regenerate NADPH by various methods and harness it to support chemoenzymatic synthesis strategies, the lack of product purity has been a major deterrent. Here, we demonstrate that a nanostructured heterolayer Ni-Cu2O-Cu cathode formed by a photoelectrochemical process has unexpected efficiency in direct electrochemical regeneration of NADPH from NADP+. Remarkably, two-thirds of NADP+ was converted to NADPH with no measurable production of the inactive (NADP)2 dimer and at the lowest reported overpotential [- 0.75 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference]. Sputtering of nickel on the copper-oxide electrode nucleated an unexpected surface morphology that was critical for high product selectivity. Our results should motivate design of integrated electrolyzer platforms that deploy this heterogeneous catalyst for direct electrochemical regeneration of NADH/NADPH, which is central to design of next-generation biofuel fermentation strategies, biological solar converters, energy-storage devices, and artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Patil P, Patil S, Kate P, Kulkarni AA. Inkjet printing of silver nanowires on flexible surfaces and methodologies to improve the conductivity and stability of the printed patterns. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:240-248. [PMID: 36131872 PMCID: PMC9419034 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are known to be used for printing on rigid as well as flexible surfaces. Here we have developed a systematic approach for using AgNWs synthesized by the polyol method for printing on flexible surfaces using a simple inkjet printing method. Optimized ink formulation used in this work comprises a mixture of Ag NWs suspended in ethylene glycol directly taken after synthesis and isopropyl alcohol. Using such formulation saves time and loss of material while transferring to other solvents, which is the usual practice. The printed patterns demonstrate high conductivity and stability over many months, which can revolutionize the applications of functional nanomaterials in low-cost printed electronics. The importance of fragmentation of nanowires only to achieve specific aspect ratios, to facilitate easy jetting and to prevent clogging is demonstrated. Varied concentrations (10 mg mL-1 to 50 mg mL-1) of Ag NWs are used in ink formulations in order to print highly conductive patterns (resistance < 50 Ω sq-1) in a minimal number of passes. The same composition was also seen to facilitate simple and time-efficient nano-welding at room temperature, which improves the conductivity and stability of the printed patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh Patil
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
- Chem. Eng. Dept., National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode India
| | - Suneha Patil
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Prachi Kate
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sharma S, Muddassir M, Muthusamy S, Vaishnav PK, Singh M, Sharma D, Kanagarajan S, Shanmugam V. A non-classical route of efficient plant uptake verified with fluorescent nanoparticles and root adhesion forces investigated using AFM. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19233. [PMID: 33159139 PMCID: PMC7648022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical plant uptake is limited to hydrophilic or water-dispersible material. Therefore, in order to test the uptake behaviour of hydrophobic particles, here, we tested the fate of hydrophobic particles (oleylamine coated Cu2-xSe NPs (CS@OA)) in comparison to hydrophilic particles (chitosan-coated Cu2-xSe NPs (CS@CH)) by treatment on the plant roots. Surprisingly, hydrophobic CS@OA NPs have been found to be ~ 1.3 times more efficient than hydrophilic CS@CH NPs in tomato plant root penetration. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) adhesion force experiment confirms that hydrophobic NPs experience non-spontaneous yet energetically favorable root trapping and penetration. Further, a relative difference in the hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic NPs movement from roots to shoots has been observed and found related to the change in protein corona as identified by two dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) analysis. Finally, the toxicity assays at the give concentration showed that Cu2-xSe NPs lead to non-significant toxicity as compared to control. This technology may find an advantage in fertilizer application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase- 10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Manish Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase- 10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Vijayakumar Shanmugam
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase- 10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Joy J, George E, Haritha P, Thomas S, Anas S. An overview of boron nitride based polymer nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomon Joy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Elssa George
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Prakashan Haritha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Saithalavi Anas
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zeb H, Wahab HA, Khan U. Zero Mass Flux Effects on Time Dependent Flow of an Eyring Powell with Activation Energy. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2020. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2020.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrated the impacts of zero mass flux in Powell-Eyring fluid over time dependent stretching sheet. We analyzed the Arrhenius activation energy in heat transfer with momentum and thermal slip boundary condition. The governing model is very complex to solve it directly
therefore we transform these governed model into a coupled nonlinear ODEs via similarity transformation. After that, we solve these ODEs by using numerica method so calledshooting technique with RK-technique. The characteristics of different beneficial physical parameters on momentum, energy
and concentration fields are represented through graphs. We concluded in this work the arising or reducing in the velocity, temperature and concentration fields for the existence of physical parameters. The impact of physical quantities namely skin fraction (Cf), Nusselt
(Nux) and Sherwood (Shx) numbers are calculated numerically via tables. In this paper we concluded that the decreases occurring in velocity field for higher values of (M) (H) and (β). Moreover the characteristics of concentration
Φ(ζ), temperature θ(ζ) and velocity f′(ζ) gradients are presented for important physical parameters see in detailed Result and discussion section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Zeb
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdul Wahab
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Umar Khan
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yamauchi H, Ikejiri J, Tsunoda K, Tanaka A, Sato F, Honma T, Komatsu T. Enhanced rate capabilities in a glass-ceramic-derived sodium all-solid-state battery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9453. [PMID: 32528031 PMCID: PMC7289851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An all-solid-state battery (ASSB) with a new structure based on glass-ceramic that forms Na2FeP2O7 (NFP) crystals, which functions as an active cathode material, is fabricated by integrating it with a β″-alumina solid electrolyte. Two important factors that influence the rate capability of this ASSB were optimised. First, the particle size of the precursor glass powder from which the NFP crystals are formed was decreased. Consequently, the onset temperature of crystallisation shifts to a lower temperature, which enables the softening of NFP crystals and their integration with β″-alumina at a low temperature, without the interdiffusion of different crystal phases or atoms. Second, the interface between the β″-alumina solid electrolyte and cathode active materials which consisted of the NFP-crystallised glass and acetylene black used as a conductive additive, is increased to increase the insertion/release of ions and electrons from the active material during charge/discharge processes. Thus, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced considerably to 120 Ω. Thus, an ASSB capable of rapid charge/discharge that can operate not only at room temperature (30 °C) but also at −20 °C is obtained. This technology is an innovative breakthrough in oxide-based ASSBs, considering that the internal resistance of liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries and sulphide-based ASSBs is ~10 Ω.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yamauchi
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, 520-8639, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Junichi Ikejiri
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, 520-8639, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kei Tsunoda
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, 520-8639, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ayumu Tanaka
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, 520-8639, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumio Sato
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, 520-8639, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Honma
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka-cho 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Komatsu
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka-cho 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| |
Collapse
|