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Wang J, Liao Z, Jin X, Liao L, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhao X, Qin H, Chen J, He Y, Zhuang C, Tang J, Huang S. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola effector Tal10a directly activates rice OsHXK5 expression to facilitate pathogenesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2423-2436. [PMID: 38995679 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), is a major bacterial disease in rice. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas can induce host susceptibility (S) genes and facilitate infection. However, knowledge of the function of Xoc TALEs in promoting bacterial virulence is limited. In this study, we demonstrated the importance of Tal10a for the full virulence of Xoc. Through computational prediction and gene expression analysis, we identified the hexokinase gene OsHXK5 as a host target of Tal10a. Tal10a directly binds to the gene promoter region and activates the expression of OsHXK5. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in the effector binding element (EBE) of OsHXK5 significantly increases rice resistance to Xoc, while OsHXK5 overexpression enhances the susceptibility of rice plants and impairs rice defense responses. Moreover, simultaneous editing of the promoters of OsSULTR3;6 and OsHXK5 confers robust resistance to Xoc in rice. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of Tal10a in targeting OsHXK5 to promote infection and suggest that OsHXK5 represents a potential target for engineering rice resistance to Xoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhouxiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xia Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lindong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Huajun Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongqiang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
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Yadav R, Ramakrishna W. MicroRNAs Involved in Nutritional Regulation During Plant-Microbe Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions with Rice as a Model. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1754-1771. [PMID: 37468736 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly challenged with numerous adverse environmental conditions, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Coordinated regulation of plant responses requires crosstalk between regulatory pathways initiated by different external cues. Stress induced by excessiveness or deficiency of nutrients has been shown to positively or negatively interact with pathogen-induced immune responses. Also, colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve plant nutrition, mainly phosphorus and resistance to pathogen infection. The proposed review addresses these issues about a new question that integrates adaptation to nutrient stress and disease resistance. The main goal of the current review is to provide insights into the interconnected regulation between nutrient signaling and immune signaling pathways in rice, focusing on phosphate, potassium and iron signaling. The underpinnings of plant/pathogen/AM fungus interaction concerning rice/M. oryzae/R. irregularis is highlighted. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in Pi (miR399, miR827) and Fe (miR7695) homeostasis in pathogenic/symbiotic interactions in rice is discussed. The intracellular dynamics of membrane proteins that function in nutrient transport transgenic rice lines expressing fluorescent protein fusion genes are outlined. Integrating functional genomic, nutritional and metal content, molecular and cell biology approaches to understand how disease resistance is regulated by nutrient status leading to novel concepts in fundamental processes underlying plant disease resistance will help to devise novel strategies for crop protection with less input of pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Wang J, Zhu R, Meng Q, Qin H, Quan R, Wei P, Li X, Jiang L, Huang R. A natural variation in OsDSK2a modulates plant growth and salt tolerance through phosphorylation by SnRK1A in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1881-1896. [PMID: 38346083 PMCID: PMC11182596 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants grow rapidly for maximal production under optimal conditions; however, they adopt a slower growth strategy to maintain survival when facing environmental stresses. As salt stress restricts crop architecture and grain yield, identifying genetic variations associated with growth and yield responses to salinity is critical for breeding optimal crop varieties. OsDSK2a is a pivotal modulator of plant growth and salt tolerance via the modulation of gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism; however, its regulation remains unclear. Here, we showed that OsDSK2a can be phosphorylated at the second amino acid (S2) to maintain its stability. The gene-edited mutant osdsk2aS2G showed decreased plant height and enhanced salt tolerance. SnRK1A modulated OsDSK2a-S2 phosphorylation and played a substantial role in GA metabolism. Genetic analysis indicated that SnRK1A functions upstream of OsDSK2a and affects plant growth and salt tolerance. Moreover, SnRK1A activity was suppressed under salt stress, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and abundance of OsDSK2a. Thus, SnRK1A preserves the stability of OsDSK2a to maintain plant growth under normal conditions, and reduces the abundance of OsDSK2a to limit growth under salt stress. Haplotype analysis using 3 K-RG data identified a natural variation in OsDSK2a-S2. The allele of OsDSK2a-G downregulates plant height and improves salt-inhibited grain yield. Thus, our findings revealed a new mechanism for OsDSK2a stability and provided a valuable target for crop breeding to overcome yield limitations under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Rui Zhu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qingshi Meng
- Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- College of AgronomyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Jiang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
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Hu Y, Lin Y, Bai J, Xu X, Wang Z, Ding C, Ding Y, Chen L. AMPK activator 991 specifically activates SnRK1 and thereby affects seed germination in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2917-2932. [PMID: 38465908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are highly conserved. Compound 991 is an AMPK activator in mammals. However, whether 991 also activates SnRK1 remains unknown. The addition of 991 significantly increased SnRK1 activity in desalted extracts from germinating rice seeds in vitro. To determine whether 991 has biological activity, rice seeds were treated with different concentrations of 991. Germination was promoted at low concentrations but inhibited at high concentrations. The effects of 991 on germination were similar to those of OsSnRK1a overexpression. To explore whether 991 affects germination by specifically affecting SnRK1, germination of an snrk1a mutant and the wild type under 1 μM 991 treatment was compared. The snrk1a mutant was insensitive to 991. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed that the differential phosphopeptides induced by 991 and OsSnRK1a overexpression largely overlapped. Furthermore, SnRK1 might regulate rice germination in a dosage-dependent manner by regulating the phosphorylation of three phosphosites, namely S285-PIP2;4, S1013-SOS1, and S110-ABI5. These results indicate that 991 is a specific SnRK1 activator in rice. The promotion and inhibition of germination by 991 also occurred in wheat seeds. Thus, 991 is useful for exploring SnRK1 function and the chemical regulation of growth and development in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Bai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China
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Zheng H, Xie Y, Mu C, Cheng W, Bai Y, Gao J. Deciphering the regulatory role of PheSnRK genes in Moso bamboo: insights into hormonal, energy, and stress responses. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:252. [PMID: 38448813 PMCID: PMC10916206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The SnRK (sucrose non-fermentation-related protein kinase) plays an important role in regulating various signals in plants. However, as an important bamboo shoot and wood species, the response mechanism of PheSnRK in Phyllostachys edulis to hormones, low energy and stress remains unclear. In this paper, we focused on the structure, expression, and response of SnRK to hormones and sugars. In this study, we identified 75 PheSnRK genes from the Moso bamboo genome, which can be divided into three groups according to the evolutionary relationship. Cis-element analysis has shown that the PheSnRK gene can respond to various hormones, light, and stress. The PheSnRK2.9 proteins were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Transgenic experiments showed that overexpression of PheSnRK2.9 inhibited root development, the plants were salt-tolerant and exhibited slowed starch consumption in Arabidopsis in the dark. The results of yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assay showed that PheIAAs and PheNACs can regulate PheSnRK2.9 gene expression by binding to the promoter of PheSnRK2.9. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of PheSnRK genes of Moso bamboo, which provides valuable information for further research on energy regulation mechanism and stress response during the growth and development of Moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100102, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100102, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Mu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100102, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100102, Beijing, China
| | - Yucong Bai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100102, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100102, Beijing, China.
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Cao Y, Lu M, Chen J, Li W, Wang M, Chen F. Identification of Ossnrk1a-1 Regulated Genes Associated with Rice Immunity and Seed Set. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:596. [PMID: 38475443 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-1 (SnRK1) is a highly conserved serine-threonine kinase complex regulating plants' energy metabolisms and resistance to various types of stresses. However, the downstream genes regulated by SnRK1 in these plant physiological processes still need to be explored. In this study, we found that the knockout of OsSnRK1a resulted in no obvious defects in rice growth but notably decreased the seed setting rate. The ossnrk1a mutants were more sensitive to blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) infection and showed compromised immune responses. Transcriptome analyses revealed that SnRK1a was an important intermediate in the energy metabolism and response to biotic stress. Further investigation confirmed that the transcription levels of OsNADH-GOGAT2, which positively controls rice yield, and the defense-related gene pathogenesis-related protein 1b (OsPR1b) were remarkably decreased in the ossnrk1a mutant. Moreover, we found that OsSnRK1a directly interacted with the regulatory subunits OsSnRK1β1 and OsSnRK1β3, which responded specifically to blast fungus infection and starvation stresses, respectively. Taken together, our findings provide an insight into the mechanism of OsSnRK1a, which forms a complex with specific β subunits, contributing to rice seed set and resistance by regulating the transcription of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minfeng Lu
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fengping Chen
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Fu ZW, Li JH, Gao X, Wang SJ, Yuan TT, Lu YT. Pathogen-induced methylglyoxal negatively regulates rice bacterial blight resistance by inhibiting OsCDR1 protease activity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:325-341. [PMID: 38178576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight (BB), a globally devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that is responsible for significant crop loss. Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection, providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear. As an inevitable sugar metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is involved in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Whether and how MG functions in plant biotic stress responses is almost completely unknown. Here, we report that the Xoo strain PXO99 induces OsWRKY62.1 to repress transcription of OsGLY II genes by directly binding to their promoters, resulting in overaccumulation of MG. MG negatively regulates rice resistance against PXO99: osglyII2 mutants with higher MG levels are more susceptible to the pathogen, whereas OsGLYII2-overexpressing plants with lower MG content show greater resistance than the wild type. Overexpression of OsGLYII2 to prevent excessive MG accumulation confers broad-spectrum resistance against the biotrophic bacterial pathogens Xoo and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. Further evidence shows that MG reduces rice resistance against PXO99 through CONSTITUTIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (OsCDR1). MG modifies the Arg97 residue of OsCDR1 to inhibit its aspartic protease activity, which is essential for OsCDR1-enhanced immunity. Taken together, these findings illustrate how Xoo promotes infection by hijacking a sugar metabolite in the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Lim MN, Lee SE, Jeon JS, Yoon IS, Hwang YS. OsbZIP38/87-mediated activation of OsHXK7 improves the viability of rice cells under hypoxic conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 293:154182. [PMID: 38277982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of energy metabolism is critical for rice (Oryza sativa) tolerance under submerged cultivation. Here, OsHXK7 was the most actively induced hexokinase gene in the embryos of hypoxically germinating rice seeds. Suspension-cultured cells established from seeds of T-DNA null mutants for the OsHXK7 locus did not regrow after 3-d-hypoxic stress and showed increased susceptibility to low-oxygen stress-in terms of viability-and decreased alcoholic fermentation activities compared to those of the wild-type. The promoter element containing the TGACG-motif, a well-known target site for the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, was responsible for sugar regulation of the OsHXK7 promoter activity. Systematic screening of the OsbZIP genes showing the similar expression patterns to that of OsHXK7 in the transcriptomic datasets produced two bZIP genes, OsbZIP38 and 87, belonging to the S1 bZIP subfamily as the candidate for the activator for this gene expression. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments through transient expression assays have demonstrated that these two bZIP proteins are indeed involved in the induction of OsHXK7 expression under starvation or low-energy conditions. Our finding suggests that C/S1 bZIP network-mediated hypoxic deregulation of sugar-responsive genes may work in concert for the molecular adaptation of rice cells to submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - In Sun Yoon
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, 565-851, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
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Li X, Zhao M, Yang W, Zhou X, Xie Y. The C4 Protein of TbLCYnV Promotes SnRK1 β2 Degradation Via the Autophagy Pathway to Enhance Viral Infection in N. benthamiana. Viruses 2024; 16:234. [PMID: 38400010 PMCID: PMC10892878 DOI: 10.3390/v16020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a group of single-stranded DNA viruses that have developed multiple strategies to overcome host defenses and establish viral infections. Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a key regulator of energy balance in plants and plays an important role in plant development and immune defenses. As a heterotrimeric complex, SnRK1 is composed of a catalytic subunit α (SnRK1 α) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. Previous studies on SnRK1 in plant defenses against microbial pathogens have mainly focused on SnRK1 α. In this study, we validated the interaction between the C4 protein encoded by tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus (TbLCYnV) and the regulatory subunit β of Nicotiana benthamiana SnRK1, i.e., NbSnRK1 β2, and identified that the Asp22 of C4 is critical for TbLCYnV C4-NbSnRK1 β2 interactions. NbSnRK1 β2 silencing in N. benthamiana enhances susceptibility to TbLCYnV infection. Plants infected with viral mutant TbLCYnV (C4D22A), which contains the mutant version C4 (D22A) that is incapable of interacting with NbSnRK1 β2, display milder symptoms and lower viral accumulation. Furthermore, we discovered that C4 promotes NbSnRK1 β2 degradation via the autophagy pathway. We herein propose a model by which the geminivirus C4 protein causes NbSnRK1 β2 degradation via the TbLCYnV C4-NbSnRK1 β2 interaction to antagonize host antiviral defenses and facilitates viral infection and symptom development in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wanyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
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10
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Zhang L, Zhang N, Wang S, Tian H, Liu L, Pei D, Yu X, Zhao L, Chen F. A TaSnRK1α Modulates TaPAP6L-Mediated Wheat Cold Tolerance through Regulating Endogenous Jasmonic Acid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303478. [PMID: 37740426 PMCID: PMC10625090 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, a sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase alpha subunit (TaSnRK1α-1A) is identified as associated with cold stress through integration of genome-wide association study, bulked segregant RNA sequencing, and virus-induced gene silencing. It is confirmed that TaSnRK1α positively regulates cold tolerance by transgenes and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants. A plastid-lipid-associated protein 6, chloroplastic-like (TaPAP6L-2B) strongly interacting with TaSnRK1α-1A is screened. Molecular chaperone DJ-1 family protein (TaDJ-1-7B) possibly bridged the interaction of TaSnRK1α-1A and TaPAP6L-2B. It is further revealed that TaSnRK1α-1A phosphorylated TaPAP6L-2B. Subsequently, a superior haplotype TaPAP6L-2B30S /38S is identified and confirmed that both R30S and G38S are important phosphorylation sites that influence TaPAP6L-2B in cold tolerance. Overexpression (OE) and EMS-mutant lines verified TaPAP6L positively modulating cold tolerance. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing revealed that TaPAP6L-2B-OE lines significantly increased jasmonic acid (JA) content, possibly by improving precursor α-linolenic acid contributing to JA synthesis and by repressing JAR1 degrading JA. Exogenous JA significantly improved the cold tolerance of wheat plants. In summary, TaSnRK1α profoundly regulated cold stress, possibly through phosphorylating TaPAP6L to increase endogenous JA content of wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Sisheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Lu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Dan Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China
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11
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Son S, Park SR. The rice SnRK family: biological roles and cell signaling modules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285485. [PMID: 38023908 PMCID: PMC10644236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-activated signaling pathways orchestrate cellular responses to control plant growth and development and mitigate the effects of adverse environmental conditions. During this process, signaling components are modulated by central regulators of various signal transduction pathways. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is one of the most important events transmitting signals downstream, via the posttranslational modification of signaling components. The plant serine and threonine kinase SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) family, which is classified into three subgroups, is highly conserved in plants. SnRKs participate in a wide range of signaling pathways and control cellular processes including plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Recent notable discoveries have increased our understanding of how SnRKs control these various processes in rice (Oryza sativa). In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of OsSnRK signaling pathways in plant growth, development, and stress responses and discuss recent insights. This review lays the foundation for further studies on SnRK signal transduction and for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang K, Li M, Zhang B, Chang Y, An S, Zhao W. Sugar starvation activates the OsSnRK1a-OsbHLH111/OsSGI1-OsTPP7 module to mediate growth inhibition of rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2033-2046. [PMID: 37384619 PMCID: PMC10502754 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Sugar deficiency is the persistent challenge for plants during development. Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is recognized as a key regulator in balancing plant sugar homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sugar starvation limits plant development are unclear. Here, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (OsbHLH111) was named starvation-associated growth inhibitor 1 (OsSGI1) and the focus is on the sugar shortage of rice. The transcript and protein levels of OsSGI1 were markedly increased during sugar starvation. The knockout mutants sgi1-1/2/3 exhibited increased grain size and promoted seed germination and vegetative growth, which were opposite to those of overexpression lines. The direct binding of OsSGI1 to sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1a (OsSnRK1a) was enhanced during sugar shortage. Subsequently, OsSnRK1a-dependent phosphorylation of OsSGI1 enhanced the direct binding to the E-box of trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase 7 (OsTPP7) promoter, thus rose the transcription inhibition on OsTPP7, then elevated trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) content but decreased sucrose content. Meanwhile, OsSnRK1a degraded phosphorylated-OsSGI1 by proteasome pathway to prevent the cumulative toxicity of OsSGI1. Overall, we established the OsSGI1-OsTPP7-Tre6P loop with OsSnRK1a as center and OsSGI1 as forward, which is activated by sugar starvation to regulate sugar homeostasis and thus inhibits rice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengqi Li
- College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yanpeng Chang
- College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shiheng An
- College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Wenli Zhao
- College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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13
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Liu J, Nie B, Yu B, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xu W. Rice ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37102249 PMCID: PMC10363768 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ubc13 is required for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity still remain largely unknown. Here, we used molecular biological, pathological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to evaluate the roles of rice OsUbc13 in response to pathogens. The OsUbc13-RNA interference (RNAi) lines with lesion mimic phenotypes displayed a significant increase in the accumulation of flg22- and chitin-induced reactive oxygen species, and in defence-related genes expression or hormones as well as resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Strikingly, OsUbc13 directly interacts with OsSnRK1a, which is the α catalytic subunit of SnRK1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-1) and acts as a positive regulator of broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In the OsUbc13-RNAi plants, although the protein level of OsSnRK1a did not change, its activity and ABA sensitivity were obviously enhanced, and the K63-linked polyubiquitination was weaker than that of wild-type Dongjin (DJ). Overexpression of the deubiquitinase-encoding gene OsOTUB1.1 produced similar effects with inhibition of OsUbc13 in affecting immunity responses, M. oryzae resistance, OsSnRK1a ubiquitination, and OsSnRK1a activity. Furthermore, re-interfering with OsSnRK1a in one OsUbc13-RNAi line (Ri-3) partially restored its M. oryzae resistance to a level between those of Ri-3 and DJ. Our data demonstrate OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Boling Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Huang J, Zhao J, Wang X, Ma L, Ma Z, Meng X, Fan H. SnRK1 signaling regulates cucumber growth and resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111716. [PMID: 37086974 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is one of the key factors determining the growth and development of plants and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sucrose non-fermentation 1 related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is an important energy-sensitive regulator that plays a key role in the overall control of carbohydrate metabolism. However, little is known about the function of SnRK1 in cucumber. In this study, metformin (an SnRK1 activator) and trehalose (an SnRK1 inhibitor) were used to investigate the role of SnRK1 signaling in cucumber. The results showed that SnRK1 activation could inhibit the growth of cucumber, slow down the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), reduce the contents of photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugars, and suppress the expression of genes related to sucrose metabolism. By contrast, SnRK1 inhibition yielded opposite results. Furthermore, SnRK1 activation and CsSnRK1 over-expression improved cucumber resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. While, SnRK1 inhibition and CsSnRK1 silencing reduced the resistance of cucumber to C. cassiicola. The results indicated that CsSnRK1 gene can positively regulate the resistance of cucumber to C. cassiicola. We conclude that CsSnRK1 signaling plays an important role in balancing the growth and immune response of cucumber. These results can be applied to the improvement of disease-resistant cucumber varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Juyong Zhao
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhangtong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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15
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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16
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Singh J, Das S, Jagadis Gupta K, Ranjan A, Foyer CH, Thakur JK. Physiological implications of SWEETs in plants and their potential applications in improving source-sink relationships for enhanced yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [PMID: 36529911 PMCID: PMC10363763 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family of transporters in plants is identified as a novel class of sugar carriers capable of transporting sugars, sugar alcohols and hormones. Functioning in intercellular sugar transport, SWEETs influence a wide range of physiologically important processes. SWEETs regulate the development of sink organs by providing nutritional support from source leaves, responses to abiotic stresses by maintaining intracellular sugar concentrations, and host-pathogen interactions through the modulation of apoplastic sugar levels. Many bacterial and fungal pathogens activate the expression of SWEET genes in species such as rice and Arabidopsis to gain access to the nutrients that support virulence. The genetic manipulation of SWEETs has led to the generation of bacterial blight (BB)-resistant rice varieties. Similarly, while the overexpression of the SWEETs involved in sucrose export from leaves and pathogenesis led to growth retardation and yield penalties, plants overexpressing SWEETs show improved disease resistance. Such findings demonstrate the complex functions of SWEETs in growth and stress tolerance. Here, we review the importance of SWEETs in plant-pathogen and source-sink interactions and abiotic stress resistance. We highlight the possible applications of SWEETs in crop improvement programmes aimed at improving sink and source strengths important for enhancing the sustainability of yield. We discuss how the adverse effects of the overexpression of SWEETs on plant growth may be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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17
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Yang J, Zhang N, Wang J, Fang A, Fan J, Li D, Li Y, Wang S, Cui F, Yu J, Liu Y, Wang WM, Peng YL, He SY, Sun W. SnRK1A-mediated phosphorylation of a cytosolic ATPase positively regulates rice innate immunity and is inhibited by Ustilaginoidea virens effector SCRE1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1422-1440. [PMID: 36068953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming one of the most recalcitrant rice diseases worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice immunity against U. virens remain unknown. Using genetic, biochemical and disease resistance assays, we demonstrated that the xb24 knockout lines generated in non-Xa21 rice background exhibit an enhanced susceptibility to the fungal pathogens U. virens and Magnaporthe oryzae. Consistently, flg22- and chitin-induced oxidative burst and expression of pathogenesis-related genes in the xb24 knockout lines were greatly attenuated. As a central mediator of energy signaling, SnRK1A interacts with and phosphorylates XB24 at Thr83 residue to promote ATPase activity. SnRK1A is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and positively regulates plant immune responses and disease resistance. Furthermore, the virulence effector SCRE1 in U. virens targets host ATPase XB24. The interaction inhibits ATPase activity of XB24 by blocking ATP binding to XB24. Meanwhile, SCRE1 outcompetes SnRK1A for XB24 binding, and thereby suppresses SnRK1A-mediated phosphorylation and ATPase activity of XB24. Our results indicate that the conserved SnRK1A-XB24 module in multiple crop plants positively contributes to plant immunity and uncover an unidentified molecular strategy to promote infection in U. virens and a novel host target in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuhao Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Wenxian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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18
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Stephen K, Beena R, Kiran AG, Shanija S, Saravanan R. Changes in physiological traits and expression of key genes involved in sugar signaling pathway in rice under high temperature stress. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:183. [PMID: 35875179 PMCID: PMC9300813 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient assimilate partitioning between the source and sink organs to achieve increased grain weight is coordinated by the sugar signaling mechanism. The expression of the genes involved in sugar signaling mainly hexokinases 2 (OsHXK2), Sucrose-nonfermentation1-related protein kinase1 (OsSnRK1), trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (OsTPS1) and target of rapamycin (OsTOR) under high temperature stress was examined in tolerant (NL-44) and susceptible (Vandana) varieties of rice. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield (ϕPSII), pollen viability, spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight were significantly higher in NL-44 compared to Vandana under stress. The difference in the gene expression levels in the vegetative and grain-filling phases as well as between the tolerant and susceptible varieties, revealed unique pathways of sugar signaling under heat stress. In the vegetative phase, the expression of OsTOR seems to be the difference between NL-44 and Vandana for their differed heat stress tolerance whereas, in the grain-filling phase, the difference between the varieties lay in the regulation of OsHXK2. The comparative changes in the expression levels between the genes under the varying conditions indicate the sugar status in the source and sink organs that are available for translocation or remobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Stephen
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695522 India
| | - R. Beena
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695522 India
| | - A. G. Kiran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695522 India
| | - S. Shanija
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695522 India
| | - R. Saravanan
- ICAR-CTCRI, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695017 India
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19
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Chen M, Farmer N, Zhong Z, Zheng W, Tang W, Han Y, Lu G, Wang Z, Ebbole DJ. HAG Effector Evolution in Pyricularia Species and Plant Cell Death Suppression by HAG4. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:694-705. [PMID: 35345886 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0010-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seventy host-adapted gene (HAG) effector family members from Pyricularia species are found in P. oryzae and three closely related species (isolates LS and 18-2 from an unknown Pyricularia sp., P. grisea, and P. pennisetigena) that share at least eight orthologous HAG family members with P. oryzae. The genome sequence of a more distantly related species, P. penniseti, lacks HAG genes, suggesting a time frame for the origin of the gene family in the genus. In P. oryzae, HAG4 is uniquely found in the genetic lineage that contains populations adapted to Setaria and Oryza hosts. We find a nearly identical HAG4 allele in a P. grisea isolate, suggesting transfer of HAG4 from P. grisea to P. oryzae. HAG4 encodes a suppressor of plant cell death. Yeast two-hybrid screens with several HAG genes independently identify common interacting clones from a rice complementary DNA library, suggesting conservation of protein surface motifs between HAG homologs with as little as 40% protein sequence identity. HAG family orthologs have diverged rapidly and HAG15 orthologs display unusually high rates of sequence divergence compared with adjacent genes suggesting gene-specific accelerated divergence. The sequence diversity of the HAG homologs in Pyricularia species provides a resource for examining mechanisms of gene family evolution and the relationship to structural and functional evolution of HAG effector family activity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Nick Farmer
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yijuan Han
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daniel J Ebbole
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
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20
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Nguyen TH, Goossens A, Lacchini E. Jasmonate: A hormone of primary importance for plant metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102197. [PMID: 35248983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, jasmonates (JAs) have become recognized as one of the main plant hormones that regulate stress responses by activating defense programs and the production of specialized metabolites. High JA levels have been associated with reduced plant growth, supposedly as a result of the reallocation of carbon sources from primary growth to the biosynthesis of defense compounds. Recent advances suggest however that tight regulatory networks integrate several sensing pathways to steer plant metabolism, and thereby drive the trade-off between growth and defense. In this review, we discuss how JA influences primary metabolism and how it is connected to light-regulated processes, nutrient sensing and energy metabolism. Finally, we speculate that JA, in a conceptual parallelism with adrenaline for humans, overall boosts cellular processes to keep up with an increased metabolic demand during harsh times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hieu Nguyen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Pathak B, Maurya C, Faria MC, Alizada Z, Nandy S, Zhao S, Jamsheer K M, Srivastava V. Targeting TOR and SnRK1 Genes in Rice with CRISPR/Cas9. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111453. [PMID: 35684226 PMCID: PMC9183148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome targeting with CRISPR/Cas9 is a popular method for introducing mutations and creating knock-out effects. However, limited information is currently available on the mutagenesis of essential genes. This study investigated the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 in targeting rice essential genes: the singleton TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (OsTOR) and the three paralogs of the Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (OsSnRK1α), OsSnRK1αA, OsSnRK1αB and OsSnRK1αC. Strong activity of constitutively expressed CRISPR/Cas9 was effective in creating mutations in OsTOR and OsSnRK1α genes, but inducible CRISPR/Cas9 failed to generate detectable mutations. The rate of OsTOR mutagenesis was relatively lower and only the kinase domain of OsTOR could be targeted, while mutations in the HEAT region were unrecoverable. OsSnRK1α paralogs could be targeted at higher rates; however, sterility or early senescence was observed in >50% of the primary mutants. Additionally, OsSnRK1αB and OsSnRK1αC, which bear high sequence homologies, could be targeted simultaneously to generate double-mutants. Further, although limited types of mutations were found in the surviving mutants, the recovered lines displayed loss-of-function or knockdown tor or snrk1 phenotypes. Overall, our data show that mutations in these essential genes can be created by CRISPR/Cas9 to facilitate investigations on their roles in plant development and environmental response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Pathak
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Chandan Maurya
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Maria C. Faria
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zahra Alizada
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Soumen Nandy
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Muhammed Jamsheer K
- Amity Institute of Genome Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Vibha Srivastava
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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22
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Jamsheer K M, Jindal S, Sharma M, Awasthi P, S S, Sharma M, Mannully CT, Laxmi A. A negative feedback loop of TOR signaling balances growth and stress-response trade-offs in plants. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110631. [PMID: 35385724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR kinase is a central coordinator of nutrient-dependent growth in eukaryotes. Maintaining optimal TOR signaling is critical for the normal development of organisms. In this study, we describe a negative feedback loop of TOR signaling helping in the adaptability of plants in changing environmental conditions. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we show that the plant-specific zinc finger protein FLZ8 acts as a regulator of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis. In sugar sufficiency, TOR-dependent and -independent histone modifications upregulate the expression of FLZ8. FLZ8 negatively regulates TOR signaling by promoting antagonistic SnRK1α1 signaling and bridging the interaction of SnRK1α1 with RAPTOR1B, a crucial accessory protein of TOR. This negative feedback loop moderates the TOR-growth signaling axis in the favorable condition and helps in the activation of stress signaling in unfavorable conditions, establishing its importance in the adaptability of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Sunita Jindal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakhar Awasthi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sreejath S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Manvi Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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23
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Monson RK, Trowbridge AM, Lindroth RL, Lerdau MT. Coordinated resource allocation to plant growth-defense tradeoffs. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1051-1066. [PMID: 34614214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant resource allocation patterns often reveal tradeoffs that favor growth (G) over defense (D), or vice versa. Ecologists most often explain G-D tradeoffs through principles of economic optimality, in which negative trait correlations are attributed to the reconciliation of fitness costs. Recently, researchers in molecular biology have developed 'big data' resources including multi-omic (e.g. transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic) studies that describe the cellular processes controlling gene expression in model species. In this synthesis, we bridge ecological theory with discoveries in multi-omics biology to better understand how selection has shaped the mechanisms of G-D tradeoffs. Multi-omic studies reveal strategically coordinated patterns in resource allocation that are enabled by phytohormone crosstalk and transcriptional signal cascades. Coordinated resource allocation justifies the framework of optimality theory, while providing mechanistic insight into the feedbacks and control hubs that calibrate G-D tradeoff commitments. We use the existing literature to describe the coordinated resource allocation hypothesis (CoRAH) that accounts for balanced cellular controls during the expression of G-D tradeoffs, while sustaining stored resource pools to buffer the impacts of future stresses. The integrative mechanisms of the CoRAH unify the supply- and demand-side perspectives of previous G-D tradeoff theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Amy M Trowbridge
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Manuel T Lerdau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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24
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Gupta R, Min CW, Son S, Lee GH, Jang JW, Kwon SW, Park SR, Kim ST. Comparative proteome profiling of susceptible and resistant rice cultivars identified an arginase involved in rice defense against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:105-114. [PMID: 34979446 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial blight, is one of the major threats to rice productivity. Yet, the molecular mechanism of rice-Xoo interaction is elusive. Here, we report comparative proteome profiles of Xoo susceptible (Dongjin) and resistant (Hwayeong) cultivars of rice in response to two-time points (3 and 6 days) of Xoo infection. Low-abundance proteins were enriched using a protamine sulfate (PS) precipitation method and isolated proteins were quantified by a label-free quantitative analysis, leading to the identification of 3846 proteins. Of these, 1128 proteins were significantly changed between mock and Xoo infected plants of Dongjin and Hwayeong cultivars. Based on the abundance pattern and functions of the identified proteins, a total of 23 candidate proteins were shortlisted that potentially participate in plant defense against Xoo in the resistant cultivar. Of these candidate proteins, a mitochondrial arginase-1 showed Hwayeong specific abundance and was significantly accumulated following Xoo inoculation. Overexpression of arginase 1 (OsArg 1) in susceptible rice cultivar (Dongjin) resulted in enhanced tolerance against Xoo as compared to the wild-type. In addition, expression analysis of defense-related genes encoding PR1, glucanase I, and chitinase II by qRT-PCR showed their enhanced expression in the overexpression lines as compared to wild-type. Taken together, our results uncover the proteome changes in the rice cultivars and highlight the functions of OsARG1 in plant defense against Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Soon Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea.
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25
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A Novel Target (Oxidation Resistant 2) in Arabidopsis thaliana to Reduce Clubroot Disease Symptoms via the Salicylic Acid Pathway without Growth Penalties. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is one of the most damaging diseases worldwide among brassica crops. Its control often relies on resistant cultivars, since the manipulation of the disease hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA) alters plant growth negatively. Alternatively, the SA pathway can be increased by the addition of beneficial microorganisms for biocontrol. However, this potential has not been exhaustively used. In this study, a recently characterized protein Oxidation Resistant 2 (OXR2) from Arabidopsis thaliana is shown to increase the constitutive pathway of SA defense without decreasing plant growth. Plants overexpressing AtOXR2 (OXR2-OE) show strongly reduced clubroot symptoms with improved plant growth performance, in comparison to wild type plants during the course of infection. Consequently, oxr2 mutants are more susceptible to clubroot disease. P. brassicae itself was reduced in these galls as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the transcriptional downregulation of the gene encoding a SA-methyltransferase from the pathogen in OXR2-OE plants that could contribute to the phenotype.
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26
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Peixoto B, Moraes TA, Mengin V, Margalha L, Vicente R, Feil R, Höhne M, Sousa AGG, Lilue J, Stitt M, Lunn JE, Baena-González E. Impact of the SnRK1 protein kinase on sucrose homeostasis and the transcriptome during the diel cycle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1357-1373. [PMID: 34618060 PMCID: PMC8566312 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with key functions in energy management during stress responses in plants. To address a potential role of SnRK1 under favorable conditions, we performed a metabolomic and transcriptomic characterization of rosettes of 20-d-old Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants of SnRK1 gain- and loss-of-function mutants during the regular diel cycle. Our results show that SnRK1 manipulation alters the sucrose and trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) relationship, influencing how the sucrose content is translated into Tre6P accumulation and modulating the flux of carbon to the tricarboxylic acid cycle downstream of Tre6P signaling. On the other hand, daily cycles of Tre6P accumulation were accompanied by changes in SnRK1 signaling, leading to a maximum in the expression of SnRK1-induced genes at the end of the night, when Tre6P levels are lowest, and to a minimum at the end of the day, when Tre6P levels peak. The expression of SnRK1-induced genes was strongly reduced by transient Tre6P accumulation in an inducible Tre6P synthase (otsA) line, further suggesting the involvement of Tre6P in the diel oscillations in SnRK1 signaling. Transcriptional profiling of wild-type plants and SnRK1 mutants also uncovered defects that are suggestive of an iron sufficiency response and of a matching induction of sulfur acquisition and assimilation when SnRK1 is depleted. In conclusion, under favorable growth conditions, SnRK1 plays a role in sucrose homeostasis and transcriptome remodeling in autotrophic tissues and its activity is influenced by diel fluctuations in Tre6P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Thiago A Moraes
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Present address: Crop Science Centre, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Present address: University of Essex, School of Life Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Leonor Margalha
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rubén Vicente
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - António G G Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Bioinformatics Unit, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jingtao Lilue
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Bioinformatics Unit, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Elena Baena-González
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Author for communication:
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27
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Osadchuk K, Cheng CL, Irish EE. The integration of leaf-derived signals sets the timing of vegetative phase change in maize, a process coordinated by epigenetic remodeling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111035. [PMID: 34620439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After germination, the maize shoot proceeds through a series of developmental stages before flowering. The first transition occurs during the vegetative phase where the shoot matures from the juvenile to the adult phase, called vegetative phase change (VPC). In maize, both phases exhibit easily-scored morphological characteristics, facilitating the elucidation of molecular mechanisms directing the characteristic gene expression patterns and resulting physiological features of each phase. miR156 expression is high during the juvenile phase, suppressing expression of squamosa promoter binding proteins/SBP-like transcription factors and miR172. The decline in miR156 and subsequent increase in miR172 expression marks the transition into the adult phase, where miR172 represses transcripts that confer juvenile traits. Leaf-derived signals attenuate miR156 expression and thus the duration of the juvenile phase. As found in other species, VPC in maize utilizes signals that consist of hormones, stress, and sugar to direct epigenetic modifiers. In this review we identify the intersection of leaf-derived signaling with components that contribute to the epigenetic changes which may, in turn, manage the distinct global gene expression patterns of each phase. In maize, published research regarding chromatin remodeling during VPC is minimal. Therefore, we identified epigenetic regulators in the maize genome and, using published gene expression data and research from other plant species, identify VPC candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Osadchuk
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chi-Lien Cheng
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erin E Irish
- 129 E. Jefferson Street, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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28
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Shi H, Qiu J, Ding X, Kou Y. Recent Progress in Rice Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11658. [PMID: 34769087 PMCID: PMC8584176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, stable rice production is constrained by various diseases, in particular rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and virus diseases. Breeding and cultivation of resistant rice varieties is the most effective method to control the infection of pathogens. Exploitation and utilization of the genetic determinants of broad-spectrum resistance represent a desired way to improve the resistance of susceptible rice varieties. Recently, researchers have focused on the identification of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance genes, which include R genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) against two or more pathogen species or many isolates of the same pathogen species. The cloning of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms not only provide new genetic resources for breeding broad-spectrum rice varieties, but also promote the development of new disease resistance breeding strategies, such as editing susceptibility and executor R genes. In this review, the most recent advances in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement through biotechnology approaches during the past 10 years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Yujun Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
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29
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Jiang Z, Chen Q, Chen L, Yang H, Zhu M, Ding Y, Li W, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Li G. Efficiency of Sucrose to Starch Metabolism Is Related to the Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling in Large Panicle Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732867. [PMID: 34589107 PMCID: PMC8473919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The poor grain-filling initiation often causes the poor development of inferior spikelets (IS) which limits the yield potential of large panicle rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, it remains unclear why IS often has poor grain-filling initiation. In addressing this problem, this study conducted a field experiment involving two large panicle rice varieties, namely CJ03 and W1844, in way of removing the superior spikelets (SS) during flowering to force enough photosynthate transport to the IS. The results of this study showed that the grain-filling initiation of SS was much earlier than the IS in CJ03 and W1844, whereas the grain-filling initiation of IS in W1844 was evidently more promoted compared with the IS of CJ03 by removing spikelets. The poor sucrose-unloading ability, i.e., carbohydrates contents, the expression patterns of OsSUTs, and activity of CWI, were highly improved in IS of CJ03 and W1844 by removing spikelets. However, there was a significantly higher rise in the efficiency of sucrose to starch metabolism, i.e., the expression patterns of OsSUS4 and OsAGPL1 and activities of SuSase and AGPase, for IS of W1844 than that of CJ03. Removing spikelets also led to the changes in sugar signaling of T6P and SnRK1 level. These changes might be related to the regulation of sucrose to starch metabolism. The findings of this study suggested that poor sucrose-unloading ability delays the grain-filling initiation of IS. Nonetheless, the efficiency of sucrose to starch metabolism is also strongly linked with the grain-filling initiation of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Jamsheer K M, Kumar M, Srivastava V. SNF1-related protein kinase 1: the many-faced signaling hub regulating developmental plasticity in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6042-6065. [PMID: 33693699 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Snf1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is the plant homolog of the heterotrimeric AMP-activated protein kinase/sucrose non-fermenting 1 (AMPK/Snf1), which works as a major regulator of growth under nutrient-limiting conditions in eukaryotes. Along with its conserved role as a master regulator of sugar starvation responses, SnRK1 is involved in controlling the developmental plasticity and resilience under diverse environmental conditions in plants. In this review, through mining and analyzing the interactome and phosphoproteome data of SnRK1, we are highlighting its role in fundamental cellular processes such as gene regulation, protein synthesis, primary metabolism, protein trafficking, nutrient homeostasis, and autophagy. Along with the well-characterized molecular interaction in SnRK1 signaling, our analysis highlights several unchartered regions of SnRK1 signaling in plants such as its possible communication with chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, and inositol phosphate signaling. We also discuss potential reciprocal interactions of SnRK1 signaling with other signaling pathways and cellular processes, which could be involved in maintaining flexibility and homeostasis under different environmental conditions. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the SnRK1 signaling network in plants and suggests many novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- Amity Food & Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Amity Food & Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Vibha Srivastava
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Chen W, Li Y, Yan R, Ren L, Liu F, Zeng L, Sun S, Yang H, Chen K, Xu L, Liu L, Fang X, Liu S. SnRK1.1-mediated resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to clubroot disease is inhibited by the novel Plasmodiophora brassicae effector PBZF1. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1057-1069. [PMID: 34165877 PMCID: PMC8358996 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of strategies to combat pathogen infection. Plant SnRK1 is probably involved in shifting carbon and energy use from growth-associated processes to survival and defence upon pathogen attack, enhancing the resistance to many plant pathogens. The present study demonstrated that SnRK1.1 enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to clubroot disease caused by the plant-pathogenic protozoan Plasmodiophora brassicae. Through a yeast two-hybrid assay, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, a P. brassicae RxLR effector, PBZF1, was shown to interact with SnRK1.1. Further expression level analysis of SnRK1.1-regulated genes showed that PBZF1 inhibited the biological function of SnRK1.1 as indicated by the disequilibration of the expression level of SnRK1.1-regulated genes in heterogeneous PBZF1-expressing A. thaliana. Moreover, heterogeneous expression of PBZF1 in A. thaliana promoted plant susceptibility to clubroot disease. In addition, PBZF1 was found to be P. brassicae-specific and conserved. This gene was significantly highly expressed in resting spores. Taken together, our results provide new insights into how the plant-pathogenic protist P. brassicae employs an effector to overcome plant resistance, and they offer new insights into the genetic improvement of plant resistance against clubroot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain IndustryYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Ruibin Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Li Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Fan Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Lingyi Zeng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Huihui Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Kunrong Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Li Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhanHubeiChina
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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Verstraeten B, Atighi MR, Ruiz-Ferrer V, Escobar C, De Meyer T, Kyndt T. Non-coding RNAs in the interaction between rice and Meloidogyne graminicola. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:560. [PMID: 34284724 PMCID: PMC8293575 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root knot nematodes (RKN) are plant parasitic nematodes causing major yield losses of widely consumed food crops such as rice (Oryza sativa). Because non-coding RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are key regulators of various plant processes, elucidating their regulation during this interaction may lead to new strategies to improve crop protection. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize rice siRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs responsive to early infection with RKN Meloidogyne graminicola (Mg), based on sequencing of small RNA, degradome and total RNA libraries from rice gall tissues compared with uninfected root tissues. Results We found 425 lncRNAs, 3739 siRNAs and 16 miRNAs to be differentially expressed between both tissues, of which a subset was independently validated with RT-qPCR. Functional prediction of the lncRNAs indicates that a large part of their potential target genes code for serine/threonine protein kinases and transcription factors. Differentially expressed siRNAs have a predominant size of 24 nts, suggesting a role in DNA methylation. Differentially expressed miRNAs are generally downregulated and target transcription factors, which show reduced degradation according to the degradome data. Conclusions To our knowledge, this work is the first to focus on small and long non-coding RNAs in the interaction between rice and Mg, and provides an overview of rice non-coding RNAs with the potential to be used as a resource for the development of new crop protection strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07735-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia Ruiz-Ferrer
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis & Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Chen Z, Zhou L, Jiang P, Lu R, Halford NG, Liu C. Genome-wide identification of sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) genes in barley and RNA-seq analyses of their expression in response to abscisic acid treatment. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:300. [PMID: 33902444 PMCID: PMC8074225 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sucrose nonfermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play important roles in regulating metabolism and stress responses in plants, providing a conduit for crosstalk between metabolic and stress signalling, in some cases involving the stress hormone, abscisic acid (ABA). The burgeoning and divergence of the plant gene family has led to the evolution of three subfamilies, SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3, of which SnRK2 and SnRK3 are unique to plants. Therefore, the study of SnRKs in crops may lead to the development of strategies for breeding crop varieties that are more resilient under stress conditions. In the present study, we describe the SnRK gene family of barley (Hordeum vulgare), the widespread cultivation of which can be attributed to its good adaptation to different environments. Results The barley HvSnRK gene family was elucidated in its entirety from publicly-available genome data and found to comprise 50 genes. Phylogenetic analyses assigned six of the genes to the HvSnRK1 subfamily, 10 to HvSnRK2 and 34 to HvSnRK3. The search was validated by applying it to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) genome data, identifying 50 SnRK genes in rice (four OsSnRK1, 11 OsSnRK2 and 35 OsSnRK3) and 39 in Arabidopsis (three AtSnRK1, 10 AtSnRK2 and 26 AtSnRK3). Specific motifs were identified in the encoded barley proteins, and multiple putative regulatory elements were found in the gene promoters, with light-regulated elements (LRE), ABA response elements (ABRE) and methyl jasmonate response elements (MeJa) the most common. RNA-seq analysis showed that many of the HvSnRK genes responded to ABA, some positively, some negatively and some with complex time-dependent responses. Conclusions The barley HvSnRK gene family is large, comprising 50 members, subdivided into HvSnRK1 (6 members), HvSnRK2 (10 members) and HvSnRK3 (34 members), showing differential positive and negative responses to ABA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07601-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Longhua Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Panpan Jiang
- Shenzhen RealOm ics (Biotech) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518081, China
| | - Ruiju Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Nigel G Halford
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China.
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Wang Y, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expression Analysis of the SnRK Family Genes in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030479. [PMID: 33802577 PMCID: PMC8000535 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are a type of Ser/Thr protein kinases, and they play an important role in plant life, especially in metabolism and responses to environmental stresses. However, there is limited information on SnRK genes in Dendrobium officinale. In the present research, a total of 36 DoSnRK genes were identified based on genomic data. These DoSnRKs could be grouped into three subfamilies, including 1 member of DoSnRK1, 7 of DoSnRK2, and 28 of DoSnRK3. The gene structure analysis of DoSnRK genes showed that 17 members had no introns, while 16 members contained six or more introns. The conserved domains and motifs were found in the same subfamily. The various cis-elements present in the promoter regions showed that DoSnRK genes could respond to stresses and hormones. Furthermore, the expression patterns of DoSnRK genes in eight tissues were investigated according to RNA sequencing data, indicating that multiple DoSnRK genes were ubiquitously expressed in these tissues. The transcript levels of DoSnRK genes after drought, MeJA, and ABA treatments were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and showed that most DoSnRK genes could respond to these stresses. Therefore, genomic characterization and expression analyses provide valuable information on DoSnRK genes for further understanding the functions of SnRKs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-87165223125
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Skalak J, Nicolas KL, Vankova R, Hejatko J. Signal Integration in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses via Multistep Phosphorelay Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644823. [PMID: 33679861 PMCID: PMC7925916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in any particular geographical location are exposed to variable and diverse environmental conditions throughout their lifespan. The multifactorial environmental pressure resulted into evolution of plant adaptation and survival strategies requiring ability to integrate multiple signals that combine to yield specific responses. These adaptive responses enable plants to maintain their growth and development while acquiring tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions. An essential signaling cascade that incorporates a wide range of exogenous as well as endogenous stimuli is multistep phosphorelay (MSP). MSP mediates the signaling of essential plant hormones that balance growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which specific signals are recognized by a commonly-occurring pathway are not yet clearly understood. Here we summarize our knowledge on the latest model of multistep phosphorelay signaling in plants and the molecular mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple inputs including both hormonal (cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid) and environmental (light and temperature) signals into a common pathway. We provide an overview of abiotic stress responses mediated via MSP signaling that are both hormone-dependent and independent. We highlight the mutual interactions of key players such as sensor kinases of various substrate specificities including their downstream targets. These constitute a tightly interconnected signaling network, enabling timely adaptation by the plant to an ever-changing environment. Finally, we propose possible future directions in stress-oriented research on MSP signaling and highlight its potential importance for targeted crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalak
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katrina Leslie Nicolas
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Hejatko,
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37
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Shen W, Hanley-Bowdoin L. SnRK1: a versatile plant protein kinase that limits geminivirus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 47:18-24. [PMID: 33360933 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a family of single-stranded DNA viruses that infect many plant species and cause serious diseases in important crops. The plant protein kinase, SnRK1, has been implicated in host defenses against geminiviruses. Overexpression of SnRK1 makes plants more resistant to geminivirus infection, and knock-down of SnRK1 increases susceptibility to geminivirus infection. GRIK, the SnRK1 activating kinase, is upregulated by geminivirus infection, while the viral C2 protein inhibits the SnRK1 activity. SnRK1 also directly phosphorylates geminivirus proteins to reduce infection. These data suggest that SnRK1 is involved in the co-evolution of plant hosts and geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Linda Hanley-Bowdoin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Li M, Sun X, Di D, Zhang A, Qing L, Zhou T, Miao H, Fan Z. Maize AKINβγ Proteins Interact with P8 of Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus and Inhibit Viral Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121387. [PMID: 33291518 PMCID: PMC7761811 DOI: 10.3390/v12121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is an important agent causing maize rough dwarf disease, whereas the host factors responding to RBSDV infection are poorly understood. To uncover the molecular interactions between RBSDV and maize, a yeast two-hybrid screen of a maize cDNA library was carried out using the viral P8 protein as a bait. ZmAKINβγ-1 and ZmAKINβγ-2 (βγ subunit of Arabidopsis SNF1 kinase homolog in maize) possessing high sequence similarities (encoded by two gene copies) were identified as interaction partners. Their interactions with P8 were confirmed in both Nicotiana benthamiana cells and maize protoplasts by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The accumulation levels of ZmAKINβγ mRNAs were upregulated at the stage of the viral symptoms beginning to appear and then downregulated. ZmAKINβγs are putative regulatory subunits of the SnRK1 complex, a core regulator for energy homeostasis. Knockdown of ZmAKINβγs in maize regulated the expression levels of the genes involved in sugar synthesis or degradation, and also the contents of both glucose and sucrose. Importantly, downregulation of ZmAKINβγs expressions facilitated the accumulation of RBSDV in maize. These results implicate a role of ZmAKINβγs in the regulation of primary carbohydrate metabolism, and in the defense against RBSDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (T.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Z.F.); Tel.: +86-10-62732771 (Z.F.)
| | - Xi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dianping Di
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (D.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (D.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Ling Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Hongqin Miao
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (D.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Z.F.); Tel.: +86-10-62732771 (Z.F.)
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An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4382. [PMID: 32873802 PMCID: PMC7462860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and a deoxynivalenol (DON) producer. In this study, OSP24 is identified as an important virulence factor in systematic characterization of the 50 orphan secreted protein (OSP) genes of F. graminearum. Although dispensable for growth and initial penetration, OSP24 is important for infectious growth in wheat rachis tissues. OSP24 is specifically expressed during pathogenesis and its transient expression suppresses BAX- or INF1-induced cell death. Osp24 is translocated into plant cells and two of its 8 cysteine-residues are required for its function. Wheat SNF1-related kinase TaSnRK1α is identified as an Osp24-interacting protein and shows to be important for FHB resistance in TaSnRK1α-overexpressing or silencing transgenic plants. Osp24 accelerates the degradation of TaSnRK1α by facilitating its association with the ubiquitin-26S proteasome. Interestingly, TaSnRK1α also interacts with TaFROG, an orphan wheat protein induced by DON. TaFROG competes against Osp24 for binding with the same region of TaSnRKα and protects it from degradation. Overexpression of TaFROG stabilizes TaSnRK1α and increases FHB resistance. Taken together, Osp24 functions as a cytoplasmic effector by competing against TaFROG for binding with TaSnRK1α, demonstrating the counteracting roles of orphan proteins of both host and fungal pathogens during their interactions. Fusarium graminearum is a major fungal pathogen of cereals. Here the authors show that F. graminearum secretes an effector, Osp24, that induces degradation of the wheat TaSnRK1α kinase to promote disease while an orphan wheat protein, TaFROG1, can compete with Osp24 for binding to TaSnRK1α and protect it from degradation
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40
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Han X, Zhang L, Zhao L, Xue P, Qi T, Zhang C, Yuan H, Zhou L, Wang D, Qiu J, Shen QH. SnRK1 Phosphorylates and Destabilizes WRKY3 to Enhance Barley Immunity to Powdery Mildew. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100083. [PMID: 33367247 PMCID: PMC7747994 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants recognize pathogens and activate immune responses, which usually involve massive transcriptional reprogramming. The evolutionarily conserved kinase, Sucrose non-fermenting-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), functions as a metabolic regulator that is essential for plant growth and stress responses. Here, we identify barley SnRK1 and a WRKY3 transcription factor by screening a cDNA library. SnRK1 interacts with WRKY3 in yeast, as confirmed by pull-down and luciferase complementation assays. Förster resonance energy transfer combined with noninvasive fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis indicates that the interaction occurs in the barley nucleus. Transient expression and virus-induced gene silencing analyses indicate that WRKY3 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to the Bgh fungus. Barley plants overexpressing WRKY3 have enhanced fungal microcolony formation and sporulation. Phosphorylation assays show that SnRK1 phosphorylates WRKY3 mainly at Ser83 and Ser112 to destabilize the repressor, and WRKY3 non-phosphorylation-null mutants at these two sites are more stable than the wild-type protein. SnRK1-overexpressing barley plants display enhanced disease resistance to Bgh. Transient expression of SnRK1 reduces fungal haustorium formation in barley cells, which probably requires SnRK1 nuclear localization and kinase activity. Together, these findings suggest that SnRK1 is directly involved in plant immunity through phosphorylation and destabilization of the WRKY3 repressor, revealing a new regulatory mechanism of immune derepression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengya Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinlong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author
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Martínez-Barajas E, Coello P. Review: How do SnRK1 protein kinases truly work? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110330. [PMID: 31928656 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The AMPK/SNF1/SnRK1 family of protein kinases is involved in cellular responses to energy stress. They also interact with molecules of other signaling pathways to regulate many aspects of growth and development. The biochemical, genetic and molecular knowledge of SnRK1 in plants lags behind that of AMPK and SNF1 and is freely extrapolated such that, in many cases, it is assumed that plant enzymes behave in the same way as homologs in other organisms. In this review, we present data that support the evidence that the structural characteristics of the SnRK1 subunits determine the functional properties of the complex. We also discuss results suggesting that the SnRK1 subunits participate in the assembly of different complexes and that not all combinations are equally important. The activity of SnRK1 is dependent on the phosphorylation of SnRK1αThr175 found in the activation loop of the catalytic domain. However, we propose that the phosphorylation of sites close to SnRK1αThr175 might contribute to the fine-tuned regulation of SnRK1 activity and thus requires further evaluation. Finally, we also call attention to the interaction of the SnRK1α with regulatory proteins that are not typically identified as putative substrates. The additional functions of the SnRK1 subunits, in addition to those of the active complex, may be necessary for the cell to respond to the complicated conditions presented by energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Martínez-Barajas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Coello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Perochon A, Váry Z, Malla KB, Halford NG, Paul MJ, Doohan FM. The wheat SnRK1α family and its contribution to Fusarium toxin tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 288:110217. [PMID: 31521211 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by phytopathogenic Fusarium fungi in cereal grain and plays a role as a disease virulence factor. TaFROG (Triticum aestivum Fusarium Resistance Orphan Gene) enhances wheat resistance to DON and it interacts with a sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 catalytic subunit α (SnRK1α). This protein kinase family is central integrator of stress and energy signalling, regulating plant metabolism and growth. Little is known regarding the role of SnRK1α in the biotic stress response, especially in wheat. In this study, 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum) SnRK1α genes (TaSnRK1αs) belonging to four homoeologous groups were identified in the wheat genome. TaSnRK1αs are expressed ubiquitously in all organs and developmental stages apart from two members predominantly detected in grain. While DON treatment had either no effect or downregulated the transcription of TaSnRK1αs, it increased both the kinase activity associated with SnRK1α and the level of active (phosphorylated) SnRK1α. Down-regulation of two TaSnRK1αs homoeolog groups using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the DON-induced damage of wheat spikelets. Thus, we demonstrate that TaSnRK1αs contribute positively to wheat tolerance of DON and conclude that this gene family may provide useful tools for the improvement of crop biotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Zsolt Váry
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Keshav B Malla
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Nigel G Halford
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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To HTM, Nguyen HT, Dang NTM, Nguyen NH, Bui TX, Lavarenne J, Phung NTP, Gantet P, Lebrun M, Bellafiore S, Champion A. Unraveling the Genetic Elements Involved in Shoot and Root Growth Regulation by Jasmonate in Rice Using a Genome-Wide Association Study. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:69. [PMID: 31485824 PMCID: PMC6726733 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their sessile life style, plant survival is dependent on the ability to build up fast and highly adapted responses to environmental stresses by modulating defense response and organ growth. The phytohormone jasmonate plays an essential role in regulating these plant responses to stress. RESULTS To assess variation of plant growth responses and identify genetic determinants associated to JA treatment, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using an original panel of Vietnamese rice accessions. The phenotyping results showed a high natural genetic variability of the 155 tested rice accessions in response to JA for shoot and root growth. The level of growth inhibition by JA is different according to the rice varieties tested. We conducted genome-wide association study and identified 28 significant associations for root length (RTL), shoot length (SHL), root weight (RTW), shoot weight (SHW) and total weight (TTW) in response to JA treatment. Three common QTLs were found for RTL, RTW and SHL. Among a list of 560 candidate genes found to co-locate with the QTLs, a transcriptome analysis from public database for the JA response allows us to identify 232 regulated genes including several JA-responsive transcription factors known to play a role in stress response. CONCLUSION Our genome-wide association study shows that common and specific genetic elements are associated with inhibition of shoot and root growth under JA treatment suggesting the involvement of a complex JA-dependent genetic control of rice growth inhibition at the whole plant level. Besides, numerous candidate genes associated to stress and JA response are co-located with the association loci, providing useful information for future studies on genetics and breeding to optimize the growth-defense trade-off in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Mai To
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Hieu Trang Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, UMR IPME, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nguyet Thi Minh Dang
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngan Huyen Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Xuan Bui
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jérémy Lavarenne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, UMR IPME, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pascal Gantet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, UMR IPME, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Lebrun
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, UMR IPME, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephane Bellafiore
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, UMR IPME, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | - Antony Champion
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, UMR IPME, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France.
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Nasir F, Tian L, Shi S, Chang C, Ma L, Gao Y, Tian C. Strigolactones positively regulate defense against Magnaporthe oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:106-116. [PMID: 31279135 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents evidence that strigolactones (SLs) promote defense against devastating rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Impairment in either SL-biosynthetic dwarf17 (d17) or -signaling (d14) led to increased susceptibility towards M. oryzae. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the SL-signaling d14 mutant and WT plants revealed that a large number of defense-associated genes including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-, ethylene- and cell wall-synthesis-related genes were remarkably suppressed in d14 with respect to that of WT plants, during M. oryzae infection. In addition, various KEGG metabolic pathways related to sugar metabolism were significantly suppressed in the d14 plants compared to WT, during M. oryzae infection. Accordingly, WT plants accumulated increased levels of H2O2 and soluble sugar content compared to that of d17 and d14 in response to M. oryzae infection. Altogether, these results propose that SLs positively regulated rice defense against M. oryzae through involvement in the induction of various defense associated genes/pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunling Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingzhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China.
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Jamsheer K M, Jindal S, Laxmi A. Evolution of TOR-SnRK dynamics in green plants and its integration with phytohormone signaling networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2239-2259. [PMID: 30870564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR)-sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) signaling is an ancient regulatory mechanism that originated in eukaryotes to regulate nutrient-dependent growth. Although the TOR-SnRK1 signaling cascade shows highly conserved functions among eukaryotes, studies in the past two decades have identified many important plant-specific innovations in this pathway. Plants also possess SnRK2 and SnRK3 kinases, which originated from the ancient SnRK1-related kinases and have specialized roles in controlling growth, stress responses and nutrient homeostasis in plants. Recently, an integrative picture has started to emerge in which different SnRKs and TOR kinase are highly interconnected to control nutrient and stress responses of plants. Further, these kinases are intimately involved with phytohormone signaling networks that originated at different stages of plant evolution. In this review, we highlight the evolution and divergence of TOR-SnRK signaling components in plants and their communication with each other as well as phytohormone signaling to fine-tune growth and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- Amity Food & Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sunita Jindal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Margalha L, Confraria A, Baena-González E. SnRK1 and TOR: modulating growth-defense trade-offs in plant stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2261-2274. [PMID: 30793201 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved protein kinase complexes SnRK1 and TOR are central metabolic regulators essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. They are activated by opposite signals, and the outcome of their activation is, in global terms, antagonistic. Similarly to their yeast and animal counterparts, SnRK1 is activated by the energy deficit often associated with stress to restore homeostasis, while TOR is activated in nutrient-rich conditions to promote growth. Recent evidence suggests that SnRK1 represses TOR in plants, revealing evolutionary conservation also in their crosstalk. Given their importance for integrating environmental information into growth and developmental programs, these signaling pathways hold great promise for reducing the growth penalties caused by stress. Here we review the literature connecting SnRK1 and TOR to plant stress responses. Although SnRK1 and TOR emerge mostly as positive regulators of defense and growth, respectively, the outcome of their activities in plant growth and performance is not always straightforward. Manipulation of both pathways under similar experimental setups, as well as further biochemical and genetic analyses of their molecular and functional interaction, is essential to fully understand the mechanisms through which these two metabolic pathways contribute to stress responses, growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Margalha
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande,Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Confraria
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande,Oeiras, Portugal
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Wang L, Wang H, He S, Meng F, Zhang C, Fan S, Wu J, Zhang S, Xu P. GmSnRK1.1, a Sucrose Non-fermenting-1(SNF1)-Related Protein Kinase, Promotes Soybean Resistance to Phytophthora sojae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:996. [PMID: 31428116 PMCID: PMC6688127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot, a destructive disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae. However, how the disease resistance mechanisms of soybean respond to P. sojae infection remains unclear. Previously, we showed that GmWRKY31, which interacts with a sucrose non-fermenting-1(SNF1)-related protein kinase (SnRK), enhances resistance to P. sojae in soybean. Here, we report that the membrane-localized SnRK GmSnRK1.1 is involved in the soybean host response to P. sojae. The overexpression of GmSnRK1.1 (GmSnRK1.1-OE) increased soybean resistance to P. sojae, and the RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of GmSnRK1.1 (GmSnRK1.1-R) reduced resistance to P. sojae. Moreover, the activities and transcript levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were markedly higher in the GmSnRK1.1-OE transgenic soybean plants than in the wild type (WT), but were reduced in the GmSnRK1.1-R plants. Several isoflavonoid phytoalexins related genes GmPAL, GmIFR, Gm4CL and GmCHS were significantly higher in "Suinong 10" and GmSnRK1.1-OE lines than these in "Dongnong 50," and were significantly lower in GmSnRK1.1-R lines. In addition, the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and the expression level of the SA biosynthesis-related gene were significantly higher in the GmSnRK1.1-OE plants than in the WT and GmSnRK1.1-R plants, moreover, SA biosynthesis inhibitor treated GmSnRK1.1-R lines plants displayed clearly increased pathogen biomass compared with H2O-treated plants after 24 h post-inoculation. These results showed that GmSnRK1.1 positively regulates soybean resistance to P. sojae, potentially functioning via effects on the expression of SA-related genes and increased accumulation of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengfu He
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanshan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Agronomy, Plant Biotechnology Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Harbin, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shuzhen Zhang,
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Pengfei Xu,
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