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Bogza A, King IL, Maurice CF. Worming into infancy: Exploring helminth-microbiome interactions in early life. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:639-650. [PMID: 38723604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
There is rapidly growing awareness of microbiome assembly and function in early-life gut health. Although many factors, such as antibiotic use and highly processed diets, impinge on this process, most research has focused on people residing in high-income countries. However, much of the world's population lives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where, in addition to erratic antibiotic use and suboptimal diets, these groups experience unique challenges. Indeed, many children in LMICs are infected with intestinal helminths. Although helminth infections are strongly associated with diverse developmental co-morbidities and induce profound microbiome changes, few studies have directly examined whether intersecting pathways between these components of the holobiont shape health outcomes in early life. Here, we summarize microbial colonization within the first years of human life, how helminth-mediated changes to the gut microbiome may affect postnatal growth, and why more research on this relationship may improve health across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bogza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Corinne F Maurice
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Sikder S, Pierce D, Sarkar ER, McHugh C, Quinlan KGR, Giacomin P, Loukas A. Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:386-400. [PMID: 38609741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic and major risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D requires lifelong medical support to limit complications and is defined by impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and chronic low-level systemic inflammation initiating from adipose tissue. The current preventative strategies include a healthy diet, controlled physical activity, and medication targeting hyperglycemia, with underexplored underlying inflammation. Studies suggest a protective role for helminth infection in the prevention of T2D. The mechanisms may involve induction of modified type 2 and regulatory immune responses that suppress inflammation and promote insulin sensitivity. In this review, the roles of helminths in counteracting MetS, and prospects for harnessing these protective mechanisms for the development of novel anti-diabetes drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchandan Sikder
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.
| | - Doris Pierce
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Eti R Sarkar
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Connor McHugh
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; Macrobiome Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; Macrobiome Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
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3
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Kang SA, Yu HS. Anti-obesity effects by parasitic nematode ( Trichinella spiralis) total lysates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1285584. [PMID: 38259965 PMCID: PMC10800963 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1285584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is an inducible factor for the cause of chronic diseases and is described by an increase in the size and number of adipocytes that differentiate from precursor cells (preadipocytes). Parasitic helminths are the strongest natural trigger of type 2 immune system, and several studies have showed that helminth infections are inversely correlated with metabolic syndromes. Methodology/Principal findings To investigate whether helminth-derived molecules have therapeutic effects on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we isolated total lysates from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. We then checked the anti-obesity effect after intraperitoneal administration and intraoral administration of total lysate from T. spiralis muscle larvae in a diet-induced obesity model. T. spiralis total lysates protect against obesity by inhibiting the proinflammatory response and/or enhancing M2 macrophages. In addition, we determined the effects of total lysates from T. spiralis muscle larvae on anti-obesity activities in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by investigating the expression levels of key adipogenic regulators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2). Oil Red O staining showed that the total lysates from T. spiralis muscle larvae decreased the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by decreasing the number of lipid droplets. In addition, the production levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T. spiralis total lysates decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα and aP2. Conclusion/Significance These results show that T. spiralis total lysate significantly suppresses the symptoms of obesity in a diet- induced obesity model and 3T3-L1 cell differentiation and suggest that it has potential for novel anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Esperante D, Gutiérrez MIM, Issa ME, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Mendlovic F. Similarities and divergences in the metabolism of immune cells in cancer and helminthic infections. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251355. [PMID: 38044996 PMCID: PMC10690632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energetic and nutritional requirements play a crucial role in shaping the immune cells that infiltrate tumor and parasite infection sites. The dynamic interaction between immune cells and the microenvironment, whether in the context of tumor or helminth infection, is essential for understanding the mechanisms of immunological polarization and developing strategies to manipulate them in order to promote a functional and efficient immune response that could aid in the treatment of these conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the immune response triggered during tumorigenesis and establishment of helminth infections, highlighting the transition to chronicity in both cases. We discuss the energetic demands of immune cells under normal conditions and in the presence of tumors and helminths. Additionally, we compare the metabolic changes that occur in the tumor microenvironment and the infection site, emphasizing the alterations that are induced to redirect the immune response, thereby promoting the survival of cancer cells or helminths. This emerging discipline provides valuable insights into disease pathogenesis. We also provide examples of novel strategies to enhance immune activity by targeting metabolic pathways that shape immune phenotypes, with the aim of achieving positive outcomes in cancer and helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Esperante
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Itzel Martínez Gutiérrez
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark E. Issa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Alejandro Schcolnik-Cabrera
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
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5
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Jermakow N, Skarżyńska W, Lewandowska K, Kiernozek E, Goździk K, Mietelska-Porowska A, Drela N, Wojda U, Doligalska M. Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13994. [PMID: 37762297 PMCID: PMC10530578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths induce a transient, short-term inflammation at the beginning of infection, but in persistent infection may suppress the systemic immune response by enhancing the activity of regulatory M2 macrophages. The aim of the study was to determine how nematode infection affects age-related neuroinflammation, especially macrophages in the nervous tissue. Here, intraperitoneal LPS-induced systemic inflammation resulting in brain neurodegeneration was enhanced by prolonged Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in C57BL/6 mice. The changes in the brain coincided with the increase in M1 macrophages, reduced survivin level, enhanced APP and GFAP expression, chitin-like chains deposition in the brain and deterioration behaviour manifestations. These changes were also observed in transgenic C57BL/6 mice predisposed to develop neurodegeneration typical for Alzheimer's disease in response to pathogenic stimuli. Interestingly, in mice infected with the nematode only, the greater M2 macrophage population resulted in better results in the forced swim test. Given the growing burden of neurodegenerative diseases, understanding such interactive associations can have significant implications for ageing health strategies and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jermakow
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland; (N.J.); (W.S.); (E.K.); (K.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Weronika Skarżyńska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland; (N.J.); (W.S.); (E.K.); (K.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kiernozek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland; (N.J.); (W.S.); (E.K.); (K.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Goździk
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland; (N.J.); (W.S.); (E.K.); (K.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (U.W.)
| | - Nadzieja Drela
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland; (N.J.); (W.S.); (E.K.); (K.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (U.W.)
| | - Maria Doligalska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland; (N.J.); (W.S.); (E.K.); (K.G.); (N.D.)
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6
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Garnett L, Tran KN, Schiffman Z, Muise KA, Fletcher QE, Dzal YA, Leung A, Albietz A, Warner BM, Griffin BD, Kobasa D, Willis CKR, Strong JE. Adipose Tissues from Human and Bat-Derived Cell Lines Support Ebola Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1827. [PMID: 37766234 PMCID: PMC10537186 DOI: 10.3390/v15091827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus is a zoonotic pathogen with a geographic range covering diverse ecosystems that are home to many potential reservoir species. Although researchers have detected Ebola virus RNA and serological evidence of previous infection in different rodents and bats, the infectious virus has not been isolated. The field is missing critical knowledge about where the virus is maintained between outbreaks, either because the virus is rarely encountered, overlooked during sampling, and/or requires specific unknown conditions that regulate viral expression. This study assessed adipose tissue as a previously overlooked tissue capable of supporting Ebola virus infection. Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ helping to regulate and coordinate homeostasis, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine and immune functions. Through in vitro infection of human and bat (Eptesicus fuscus) brown adipose tissue cultures using wild-type Ebola virus, this study showed high levels of viral replication for 28 days with no qualitative indicators of cytopathic effects. In addition, alterations in adipocyte metabolism following long-term infection were qualitatively observed through an increase in lipid droplet number while decreasing in size, a harbinger of lipolysis or adipocyte browning. The finding that bat and human adipocytes are susceptible to Ebola virus infection has important implications for potential tissue tropisms that have not yet been investigated. Additionally, the findings suggest how the metabolism of this tissue may play a role in pathogenesis, viral transmission, and/or zoonotic spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Garnett
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kaylie N. Tran
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Zachary Schiffman
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kristina A. Muise
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Quinn E. Fletcher
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Yvonne A. Dzal
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Anders Leung
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Alix Albietz
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - James E. Strong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Pediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
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7
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Camaya I, O’Brien B, Donnelly S. How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205219. [PMID: 37564976 PMCID: PMC10411736 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease globally, with prevalence increasing at a faster rate than heart disease and cancer. While the disease presents clinically as chronic hyperglycaemia, two distinct subtypes have been recognised. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised as an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) arises due to metabolic insufficiency, in which inadequate amounts of insulin are produced, and/or the actions of insulin are diminished. It is now apparent that pro-inflammatory responses cause a loss of functional β-cell mass, and this is the common underlying mechanism of both T1D and T2D. Macrophages are the central immune cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases and play a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of the proinflammatory responses that compromise β-cell function. Furthermore, it is the crosstalk between macrophages and β-cells that orchestrates the inflammatory response and ensuing β-cell dysfunction/destruction. Conversely, this crosstalk can induce immune tolerance and preservation of β-cell mass and function. Thus, specifically targeting the intercellular communication between macrophages and β-cells offers a unique strategy to prevent/halt the islet inflammatory events underpinning T1D and T2D. Due to their potent ability to regulate mammalian immune responses, parasitic worms (helminths), and their excretory/secretory products, have been examined for their potential as therapeutic agents for both T1D and T2D. This research has yielded positive results in disease prevention, both clinically and in animal models. However, the focus of research has been on the modulation of immune cells and their effectors. This approach has ignored the direct effects of helminths and their products on β-cells, and the modulation of signal exchange between macrophages and β-cells. This review explores how the alterations to macrophages induced by helminths, and their products, influence the crosstalk with β-cells to promote their function and survival. In addition, the evidence that parasite-derived products interact directly with endocrine cells to influence their communication with macrophages to prevent β-cell death and enhance function is discussed. This new paradigm of two-way metabolic conversations between endocrine cells and macrophages opens new avenues for the treatment of immune-mediated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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8
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Karo-Atar D, Gregorieff A, King IL. Dangerous liaisons: how helminths manipulate the intestinal epithelium. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:414-422. [PMID: 37076358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal helminths remain highly pervasive throughout the animal kingdom by modulating multiple aspects of the host immune response. The intestinal epithelium functions as a physical barrier as well as a sentinel innate immune tissue with the ability to sense and respond to infectious agents. Although helminths form intimate interactions with the epithelium, comprehensive knowledge about host-helminth interactions at this dynamic interface is lacking. In addition, little is known about the ability of helminths to directly shape the fate of this barrier tissue. Here, we review the diverse pathways by which helminths regulate the epithelium and highlight the emerging field of direct helminth regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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9
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Su CW, Chen CY, Mao T, Chen N, Steudel N, Jiao L, Lan J, Fasano A, Walker WA, Shi HN. Maternal helminth infection protects offspring from high-fat-diet-induced obesity through altered microbiota and SCFAs. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:389-403. [PMID: 36788341 PMCID: PMC10066288 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth-induced Th2 immunity and gut microbiota have been recently shown to be highly effective in modulating metabolic syndromes in animal models. This study aimed to determine whether maternal immunity and microbial factors affect the induction and development of obesity in offspring. Here, Heligomosomoides polygyrus (Hp)-infected or control female C57BL/6J mice mated with normal males and their offspring were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks after weaning. Our results showed that Hp-induced maternal outcomes during gestation and lactation significantly impacted offspring metabolic phenotypes. This was evidenced by results showing that offspring from helminth-infected mothers on an HFD (Hp-offspring + HFD) gained significantly less body weight than those from uninfected mothers (Cont-offspring + HFD). Hp-offspring + HFD exhibited no Th2 phenotype but displayed a pattern of gut microbiota composition similar to that of Hp-infected mothers. Cross-fostering experiments confirmed that the helminth-induced maternal attenuation of offspring obesity was mediated through both prenatal and postnatal effects. Our results further showed that helminth-infected dams and their offspring had a markedly altered gut microbiome composition, with increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Intriguingly, Hp-infected mothers and Hp-offspring + HFD showed increased SCFA receptor (GPR) expression in adipose and colonic tissues compared to noninfected mothers and Cont-offspring + HFD, respectively. Moreover, SCFA supplementation to the pups of uninfected control mothers during lactation protected against HFD-induced weight gain, which corresponded with changes in gut bacterial colonization. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the complex interaction of maternal immune status and gut microbiome, Hp infection, and the immunity and gut microbiome in obese-prone offspring in infant life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nicholas Steudel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - W Allan Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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10
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Tong M, Yang X, Liu H, Ge H, Huang G, Kang X, Yang H, Liu Q, Ren P, Kuang X, Yan H, Shen X, Qiao Y, Kang Y, Li L, Yang Y, Fan W. The Trichinella spiralis-derived antigens alleviate HFD-induced obesity and inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109924. [PMID: 36848791 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide, is accompanied by chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. Helminth infections have been increasingly proved to exhibit a protective role in several inflammation-associated diseases. Considering the side effects of live parasite therapy, efforts have been made to develop helminth-derived antigens as promising candidates with fewer adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of TsAg (T. spiralis-derived antigens) on obesity and the associated inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or HFD with or without TsAg treatment. The results reported that TsAg treatment alleviated body weight gain and chronic inflammation induced by HFD. In the adipose tissue, TsAg treatment prevented macrophage infiltration, reduced the expression of Th1-type (IFN-γ) and Th17-type (IL-17A) cytokines while upregulating the production of Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines. Furthermore, TsAg treatment enhanced brown adipose tissue activation and energy and lipid metabolism and reduced intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier permeability and LPS/TLR4 axis inflammation. Finally, the protective role of TsAg against obesity was transmissible via the fecal microbiota transplantation approach. For the first time, our findings showed that TsAg alleviated HFD-induced obesity and inflammation via modulation of the gut microbiota and balancing the immune disorders, suggesting that TsAg might be a safer promising therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Huihui Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Guangrong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Huan Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaorong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yuyu Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Weiping Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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11
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Funjika E, Colombo SAP, Hayes KS, Tozer MJ, Tyrrell KA, Cai S, Faniyi AA, Shears RK, Dooley M, Alshammari Y, Alhazmi W, Assas M, Almilaibary A, Jackson-Jones LH, Thornton DJ, Worthington JJ, Grencis RK. High-fat diet-induced resistance to helminth infection via alternative induction of type 2 immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:27-38. [PMID: 36690078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infections cause morbidity and socioeconomic loss in the most deprived communities. The shift in the context of obesity has led to spatial overlap with endemic gastrointestinal nematode regions resulting in the emergence of a novel comorbidity. Despite this, the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on immune-regulated protection against gastrointestinal infections remains largely unknown. We employed the murine model of nematode infection, Trichuris muris, to investigate the effect of an HFD on the immune response against chronic infection. Surprisingly, diet-induced obesity drove parasite expulsion in both single and repeated trickle low doses of T. muris eggs. Mechanistically, an HFD increased the expression of the ST2 receptor on CD4+ T cells, priming an enhanced type 2 helper T (Th2) cell cytokine production following interleukin (IL)-33 stimulation ex vivo. Despite IL-33-/- mice demonstrating that IL-33 is not critical for host protective immunity to T. muris under a conventional diet, HFD-fed T-cell deplete mice adoptively transferred with ST2-/- CD4 T cells were unable to expel a T. muris infection unlike those transferred with ST2-sufficient cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that an HFD primes CD4+ T cells to utilize the IL-33-ST2 axis in a novel induction of type 2 immunity, providing insights into the emerging comorbidities of obesity and nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Funjika
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stefano A P Colombo
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly S Hayes
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary J Tozer
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Katrina A Tyrrell
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Aduragbemi A Faniyi
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Rebecca K Shears
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Megan Dooley
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Yasmine Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Wafaa Alhazmi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushref Assas
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - John J Worthington
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Richard K Grencis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Kabat AM, Hackl A, Sanin DE, Zeis P, Grzes KM, Baixauli F, Kyle R, Caputa G, Edwards-Hicks J, Villa M, Rana N, Curtis JD, Castoldi A, Cupovic J, Dreesen L, Sibilia M, Pospisilik JA, Urban JF, Grün D, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Resident T H2 cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling at a site adjacent to infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eadd3263. [PMID: 36240286 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is associated with adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis and infection with parasitic helminths, but whether AT participates in immunity to these parasites is unknown. We found that the fat content of mesenteric AT (mAT) declined in mice during infection with a gut-restricted helminth. This was associated with the accumulation of metabolically activated, interleukin-33 (IL-33), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing stromal cells. These cells shared transcriptional features, including the expression of Dpp4 and Pi16, with multipotent progenitor cells (MPC) that have been identified in numerous tissues and are reported to be capable of differentiating into fibroblasts and adipocytes. Concomitantly, mAT became infiltrated with resident T helper 2 (TH2) cells that responded to TSLP and IL-33 by producing stromal cell-stimulating cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and amphiregulin. These TH2 cells expressed genes previously associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), including Nmur1, Calca, Klrg1, and Arg1, and persisted in mAT for at least 11 months after anthelmintic drug-mediated clearance of infection. We found that MPC and TH2 cells localized to ECM-rich interstitial spaces that appeared shared between mesenteric lymph node, mAT, and intestine. Stromal cell expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the receptor for amphiregulin, was required for immunity to infection. Our findings point to the importance of MPC and TH2 cell interactions within the interstitium in orchestrating AT remodeling and immunity to an intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexandra Hackl
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Patrice Zeis
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - George Caputa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Leentje Dreesen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, and Belstville Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97078, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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13
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Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977485. [PMID: 36119080 PMCID: PMC9478335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Qiu,
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14
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Cytokines, Chemokines, Insulin and Haematological Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats Infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease induced by the inability to control high blood glucose level. Helminth-induced immunomodulation has been reported to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which, in turn, ameliorates insulin sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms utilized by helminths in metabolism and the induction of immuno-inflammatory responses during helminthic infection and T2DM comorbidity. This study aimed at using a laboratory animal model to determine the cytokines, chemokines and haematological indices in diabetic (T2DM) male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis. One hundred and two male SD rats (160–180 g) were randomly selected into three experimental groups (i. T2DM-induced group (D) ii. T. zimbabwensis infected + T2DM group (TzD) and iii. T. zimbabwensis-infected group (Tz)). Rats selected for the D group and TzD group were injected with 40 mg/kg live weight of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally to induce T2DM, while animals in the Tz and TzD group were infected with T. zimbabwensis. Results showed that adult T. zimbabwensis worm loads and mean T. zimbabwensis larvae per gram (lpg) of rat muscle were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the Tz group when compared to the TzD group. Blood glucose levels in the D group were significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the TzD group. An increase in insulin concentration was observed among the TzD group when compared to the D group. Liver and muscle glycogen decreased in the D when compared to the TzD group. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in red blood cells (RBCs) was observed in the D group when compared to the TzD and Tz groups. An increase in haematocrit, haemoglobin, white blood cells (WBCs), platelet, neutrophils and monocyte were observed in the D group when compared to the TzD group. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 concentrations were elevated in the TzD group when compared to the D and Tz groups, while IL-6 concentration showed a significant reduction in the Tz when compared to the D and the TzD groups. A significant increase in CCL5 in the D and TzD groups was observed in comparison to the Tz group. CXCL10 and CCL11 concentration also showed an increase in the TzD group in comparison to the Tz and the D groups. Overall, our results confirm that T. zimbabwensis, a parasite which produces tissue-dwelling larvae in the host, regulates T2DM driven inflammation to mediate a positive protective effect against T2DM outcomes.
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15
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Schmidt V, Hogan AE, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932893. [PMID: 35844529 PMCID: PMC9279727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the nuclear receptor PPARγ, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic Th2-biased immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Schmidt
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Schwartz,
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16
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Yingklang M, Chaidee A, Dangtakot R, Jantawong C, Haonon O, Sitthirach C, Hai NT, Cha’on U, Anutrakulchai S, Kamsa-ard S, Pinlaor S. Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269080. [PMID: 35639713 PMCID: PMC9154194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that helminth infections provide a degree of protection against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between Strongyloides stercoralis infection and T2DM has scarcely been investigated and the protective effect of infection against development of diabetic complications is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between S. stercoralis infection and T2DM in a rural area of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. The impact of S. stercoralis infection on diabetic complication-related kidney function biochemical parameters and body-mass index (BMI) was also assessed. METHODOLOGY Using a cross-sectional study design, S. stercoralis infection and T2DM assessments were conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. Associations between S. stercoralis infection, T2DM, and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Diabetic complication-related biochemical parameters relating largely to kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine transaminase (ALT), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) and BMI of participants with and without T2DM were compared between groups with or without S. stercoralis infection. RESULTS One hundred and seven out of 704 individuals (15.20%) were positive for S. stercoralis, and 283 people were diagnosed with T2DM. Of those with T2DM, 11.31% (32/283) were infected with S. stercoralis and of those without T2DM, 17.82% (75/421) were infected with S. stercoralis. Multivariate analysis revealed that T2DM was inversely correlated with S. stercoralis infection (Adjusted OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78; p = 0.003), while male, increasing age, lower education level, and alcohol intake were positively associated with infection. Those infected with S. stercoralis had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels than those in the uninfected group. CONCLUSION This finding indicates that S. stercoralis infection was inversely associated with T2DM in northeastern Thailand, but participants infected with S. stercoralis had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels. Infection with S. stercoralis might lead to worse complication-related renal biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manachai Yingklang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apisit Chaidee
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Jantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sitthirach
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Ubon Cha’on
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supot Kamsa-ard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeastern Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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17
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Rahman MS, Jun H. The Adipose Tissue Macrophages Central to Adaptive Thermoregulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884126. [PMID: 35493493 PMCID: PMC9039244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White fat stores excess energy, and thus its excessive expansion causes obesity. However, brown and beige fat, known as adaptive thermogenic fat, dissipates energy in the form of heat and offers a therapeutic potential to counteract obesity and metabolic disorders. The fat type-specific biological function is directed by its unique tissue microenvironment composed of immune cells, endothelial cells, pericytes and neuronal cells. Macrophages are major immune cells resident in adipose tissues and gained particular attention due to their accumulation in obesity as the primary source of inflammation. However, recent studies identified macrophages’ unique role and regulation in thermogenic adipose tissues to regulate energy expenditure and systemic energy homeostasis. This review presents the current understanding of macrophages in thermogenic fat niches with an emphasis on discrete macrophage subpopulations central to adaptive thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Heejin Jun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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18
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Long SR, Shang WX, Jiang M, Li JF, Liu RD, Wang ZQ, Sun H, Cui J. Preexisting Trichinella spiralis infection attenuates the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010395. [PMID: 35500031 PMCID: PMC9098000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A range of helminth species involve the migration of developing larvae through the lung and establish chronic infections in the host that include potent immune regulatory effects. Trichinella spiralis is one of the most successful parasitic symbiotes. After released by intestinal female adult worms, newborn larvae of T. spiralis travel through the circulatory system to the lung and finally reach skeletal muscle cells. As unique inflammation modulator of intracellular parasitism, T. spiralis shows improved responses to autoimmune disease and viral pulmonary inflammation by exerting immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immune cells. Methodology/Principal findings C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: uninfected; helminth- T. spiralis infected; P. aeruginosa infected; and co-infected. Mice infected with T. spiralis were incubated for 6 weeks, followed by P. aeruginosa intranasal inoculation. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, blood and lung samples were analyzed. We found that T. spiralis induced Th2 response in the mouse lung tissue, increased lung CD4+ T cells, GATA3, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 expression. Pre-existing T. spiralis infection decreased lung neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory mediator IL-1β and IL-6 expression and chemokine CXCL1 and CXCL2 release during P. aeruginosa- pneumonia. Furthermore, T. spiralis co-infected mice exhibited significantly more eosinophils at 6 hours following P. aeruginosa infection, ameliorated pulmonary inflammation and improved survival in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Conclusions These findings indicate that a prior infection with T. spiralis ameliorates experimental pulmonary inflammation and improves survival in P. aeruginosa pneumonia through a Th2-type response with eosinophils. Helminth infections elicit type 2 immunity, which influences host immune responses to additional threats, such as allergens, metabolic disease and other pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common gram-negative pathogens causing pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. The mortality rate of ventilator associated pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa is higher than that due to other pathogens. Trichinella spiralis is a zoonotic nematode of intracellular parasitism that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. There is a lung migratory phase in the life cycle of T. spiralis. In this study, we found that T. spiralis induced Th2 response in the mouse lung tissue. T. spiralis co-infected mice exhibited significantly more eosinophils and less neutrophils at 6 hours following P. aeruginosa infection, ameliorated pulmonary inflammation and improved survival in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. These findings suggest a pre-existing chronic helminth with a lung migration phase infection promotes the survival of bacterial airway co-infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Xuan Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biology, School of Life Scence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Fei Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hualei Sun
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HS); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HS); (JC)
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Queiroz-Glauss CP, Vieira MS, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Almeida SS, Freire RH, Gomes MA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Santiago HC. Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010105. [PMID: 35499991 PMCID: PMC9098094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections in weight gain and against the development of metabolic dysfunctions in the host. However, the mechanisms Treg cells exert in the helminth-obesity interface has been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to verify the influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in early stages of high fat diet-induced obesity. Principal findings The presence of infection was able to prevent exacerbated weight gain in mice fed with high fat diet when compared to non-infected controls. In addition, infected animals displayed improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fat accumulation in the liver. Obesity-associated inflammation was reduced in the presence of infection, demonstrated by lower levels of leptin and resistin, lower infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in adipose tissue, higher expression of IL10 and adiponectin, increased infiltration of Th2 and eosinophils in adipose tissue of infected animals. Of note, the parasite infection was associated with increased Treg frequency in adipose tissue which showed higher expression of cell surface markers of function and activation, like LAP and CD134. The infection could also increase adipose Treg suppressor function in animals on high fat diet. Conclusion These data suggest that H. polygyrus modulates adipose tissue Treg cells with implication for weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Helminth infections are known to modulate the immune system being responsible for protecting the host from developing allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hygiene Hypothesis). We hypothesized that the same immunomodulatory effect could have an impact on immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and its linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Weight disorders have reached epidemic levels, nearly tripling since 1975 and being responsible for almost 5 million premature deaths each year, but have been spared in areas of high helminth prevalence. To test our hypothesis C57BL/6 male mice were fed control or high fat diet, for five weeks, in the presence or not of infection with the worm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Weight gain, development of metabolic disorders, inflammation and cellular migration to the adipose tissue were evaluated. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the presence of infection prevented the exacerbated weight gain and also improved metabolic parameters in animals fed a high fat diet. This was associated with the infection’s ability to modulate parameters of a cell responsible for regulatory functions: Tregs. In the light of these findings, helminth infection could be protective against weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Queiroz-Glauss
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Helena Gonçalves-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Dai M, Yang X, Yu Y, Pan W. Helminth and Host Crosstalk: New Insight Into Treatment of Obesity and Its Associated Metabolic Syndromes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827486. [PMID: 35281054 PMCID: PMC8913526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated Metabolic Syndromes (Mets) represent a global epidemic health problem. Metabolic inflammation, lipid accumulation and insulin resistance contribute to the progression of these diseases, thereby becoming targets for drug development. Epidemiological data have showed that the rate of helminth infection negatively correlates with the incidence of obesity and Mets. Correspondingly, numerous animal experiments and a few of clinic trials in human demonstrate that helminth infection or its derived molecules can mitigate obesity and Mets via induction of macrophage M2 polarization, inhibition of adipogenesis, promotion of fat browning, and improvement of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation. Interestingly, sporadic studies also uncover that several helminth infections can reshape gut microbiota of hosts, which is intimately implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and Mets. Overall, these findings indicate that the crosstalk between helminth and hosts may be a novel direction for obesity and Mets therapy. The present article reviews the molecular mechanism of how helminth masters immunity and metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu,
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu,
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21
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Liu R, Pugh GH, Tevonian E, Thompson K, Lauffenburger DA, Kern PA, Nikolajczyk BS. Regulatory T Cells Control Effector T Cell Inflammation in Human Prediabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:264-274. [PMID: 34737186 PMCID: PMC8914282 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A disparate array of plasma/serum markers provides evidence for chronic inflammation in human prediabetes, a condition that is most closely replicated by standard mouse models of obesity and metaflammation. These remain largely nonactionable and contrast with our rich understanding of inflammation in human type 2 diabetes. New data show that inflammatory profiles produced by CD4+ T cells define human prediabetes as a unique inflammatory state. Regulatory T cells (Treg) control mitochondrial function and cytokine production by CD4+ effector T cells (Teff) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes by supporting T helper (Th)17 or Th1 cytokine production, respectively. These data suggest that Treg control of Teff metabolism regulates inflammation differentially in prediabetes compared with type 2 diabetes. Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function or pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Treg but not Teff from subjects with prediabetes. Pharmacological blockade of CD36 in Treg from subjects with prediabetes decreased Teff production of the Th17 cytokines that differentiate overall prediabetes inflammation. We conclude that Treg control CD4+ T cell cytokine profiles through mechanisms determined, at least in part, by host metabolic status. Furthermore, Treg CD36 uniquely promotes Th17 cytokine production by Teff in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Gabriella H. Pugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Erin Tevonian
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Katherine Thompson
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Corresponding author: Barbara S. Nikolajczyk,
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22
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Michla M, Wilhelm C. Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1234-1242. [PMID: 36045216 PMCID: PMC9705246 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular ancient organisms residing as parasites at mucosal surfaces of their host. Through adaptation and co-evolution with their hosts, helminths have been able to develop tolerance mechanisms to limit inflammation and avoid expulsion. The study of helminth infections as an integral part of tissue immunology allowed us to understand fundamental aspects of mucosal and barrier immunology, which led to the discovery of a new group of tissue-resident immune cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC), over a decade ago. Here, we review the intricate interplay between helminth infections and type 2 ILC (ILC2) biology, discuss the host metabolic adaptation to helminth infections and the metabolic pathways fueling ILC2 responses. We hypothesize that nutrient competition between host and helminths may have prevented chronic inflammation in the past and argue that a detailed understanding of the metabolic restraints imposed by helminth infections may offer new therapeutic avenues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Michla
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Unit for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Unit for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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23
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Gao YR, Zhang RH, Li R, Tang CL, Pan Q, Pen P. The effects of helminth infections against type 2 diabetes. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1935-1942. [PMID: 34002262 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a prevalent inflammation-related disease characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. The high incidence rate of T2D in Western societies may be due to environmental conditions, including reduced worm exposure. In human and animal models, some helminths, such as Schistosoma, Nippostrongylus, Strongyloides, and Heligmosomoides, and their products reportedly ameliorate or prevent T2D progression. T2D induces adaptive immune pathways involved in the inhibition of type 1 immune responses, promotion of type 2 immune responses, and expansion of regulatory T cells and innate immune cells, such as macrophages, eosinophils, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Among immune cells expanded in T2DM, type 2 immune cells and macrophages are the most important and may have synergistic effects. The stimulation of host immunity by helminth infections also promotes interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of intestinal helminths' protective effects against T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Gao
- Medical Department, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430083, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ru Li
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Qun Pan
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Peng Pen
- Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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24
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Rennie C, Fernandez R, Donnelly S, McGrath KCY. The Impact of Helminth Infection on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:728396. [PMID: 34456879 PMCID: PMC8397462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.728396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a growing number of publications that report an absence of inflammatory based disease among populations that are endemic to parasitic worms (helminths) demonstrating the ability of these parasites to potentially regulate human immune responses. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of helminth infection on metabolic outcomes in human populations. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, six databases were searched for studies published up to August 2020. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals using the Review Manager Software version 5.4.1. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in the review. Fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in persons with infection (MD -0.22, 95% CI -0.40- -0.04, P=0.02), HbA1c levels were lower, although not significantly, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (P=0.001) and type 2 diabetes was lower (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.34-3.09, P<0.0001). Infection was negatively associated with type 2 diabetes when comparing person with diabetes to the group without diabetes (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.67, P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS While infection with helminths was generally associated with improved metabolic function, there were notable differences in efficacy between parasite species. Based on the data assessed, live infection with S. mansoni resulted in the most significant positive changes to metabolic outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Website: PROSPERO Identified: CRD42021227619.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rennie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care a JBI Centre of Excellence, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kristine CY McGrath, ; Sheila Donnelly,
| | - Kristine CY McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kristine CY McGrath, ; Sheila Donnelly,
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25
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AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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26
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Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Thiruvengadam K, Menon PA, Dolla C, Nutman TB, Babu S. Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2195. [PMID: 33042134 PMCID: PMC7524873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological and immunological studies indicate a reciprocal association between obesity/metabolic syndrome and helminth infections. Numerous studies demonstrated that obesity is concomitant with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is marked by vital changes in cellular composition and function of adipose tissue. However, the effect of helminth infection on the homeostatic milieu in obesity is not well-understood. To determine the relationship between Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection and obesity, we examined an array of parameters linked with obesity both before and at 6 months following anthelmintic treatment. To this end, we measured serum levels of pancreatic hormones, incretins, adipokines and Type-1, Type-2, Type-17, and other proinflammatory cytokines in those with non-diabetic obesity with (INF) or without Ss infection (UN). In INF individuals, we evaluated the levels of these parameters at 6 months following anthelmintic treatment. INF individuals revealed significantly lower levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and GLP-1 and significantly elevated levels of GIP compared to UN individuals. INF individuals also showed significantly lower levels of Type-1, Type-17 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and significantly increased levels of Type-2 and regulatory cytokines in comparison to UN individuals. Most of these changes were significantly reversed following anthelmintic treatment. Ss infection is associated with a significant alteration of pancreatic hormones, incretins, adipokines, and cytokines in obese individuals and its partial reversal following anthelmintic treatment. Our data offer a possible biological mechanism for the protective effect of Ss infection on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institute of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institute of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Thiruvengadam
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep A Menon
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Chandrakumar Dolla
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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27
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Lu Y, Liu H, Yang XY, Liu JX, Dai MY, Wu JC, Guo YX, Luo TC, Sun FF, Pan W. Microarray Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Reveals Enhanced Lipolysis Along With Metabolic Remodeling in Mice Infected With Larval Echinococcus granulosus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1078. [PMID: 32973568 PMCID: PMC7472464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infection improves metabolic homeostasis in “western diet”-induced obesity through the regulation of adipogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. Using microarray analysis, this study investigated the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissues from mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. A total of 1052 mRNA (541 upregulated, 511 downregulated) and 220 lncRNA (126 upregulated, 94 downregulated) transcripts were differentially expressed (fold change ≥2, P < 0.05) in the infected subcutaneous adipose tissues. When compared with the control group, the infected mice showed a decrease in adipose tissue mass and a reduction in adipocyte size. Indirect calorimetry revealed the change in the energy metabolism after infection, characterized by a lower CO2 production and O2 consumption, a sharp decline in carbohydrate oxidation, and a slight increase in fat oxidation. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that the parasitic infection reprogrammed a complex metabolic network. Notably, “lipoxygenase” and “arginine and proline metabolism” pathways were significantly upregulated while “glycolysis,” “tricarboxylic acid cycle,” “de novo lipogenesis,” and “lipid droplet” pathways were dramatically downregulated. In addition, several key lncRNAs were associated with insulin resistance and adipocyte differentiation. Overall, the present study suggested that E. granulosus infection could enhance lipolysis. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into parasite-mediated metabolic homeostasis, and into the mechanism of hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yu Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fen-Fen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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28
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Cortes-Selva D, Fairfax K. Schistosome and intestinal helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism. Immunology 2020; 162:123-134. [PMID: 32614982 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are fundamental to sustain physiological equilibrium and to regulate the pathogenesis of parasitic and metabolic processes. The functional heterogeneity and immune responses of macrophages are shaped by cellular metabolism in response to the host's intrinsic factors, environmental cues and other stimuli during disease. Parasite infections induce a complex cascade of cytokines and metabolites that profoundly remodel the metabolic status of macrophages. In particular, helminths polarize macrophages to an M2 state and induce a metabolic shift towards reliance on oxidative phosphorylation, lipid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. Accumulating data indicate that helminth-induced activation and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages underlie improvement in overall whole-body metabolism, denoted by improved insulin sensitivity, body mass in response to high-fat diet and atherogenic index in mammals. This review aims to highlight the metabolic changes that occur in human and murine-derived macrophages in response to helminth infections and helminth products, with particular interest in schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cortes-Selva
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Keke Fairfax
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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29
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Li Y, Yun K, Mu R. A review on the biology and properties of adipose tissue macrophages involved in adipose tissue physiological and pathophysiological processes. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:164. [PMID: 32646451 PMCID: PMC7350193 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity exhibits a correlation with metabolic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting the progression of metabolic disease such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and so on. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are central players in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic diseases. Macrophages are involved in lipid and energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in adipocytes. Macrophage polarization is accompanied by metabolic shifting between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Here, this review focuses on macrophage metabolism linked to functional phenotypes with an emphasis on macrophage polarization in adipose tissue physiological and pathophysiological processes. In particular, the interplay between ATMs and adipocytes in energy metabolism, glycolysis, OXPHOS, iron handing and even interactions with the nervous system have been reviewed. Overall, the understanding of protective and pathogenic roles of ATMs in adipose tissue can potentially provide strategies to prevent and treat obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Li
- The First Clinical Medicine Faculty, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ke Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Runqing Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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30
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Su CW, Chen CY, Jiao L, Long SR, Mao T, Ji Q, O'Donnell S, Stanton C, Zheng S, Walker WA, Cherayil BJ, Shi HN. Helminth-Induced and Th2-Dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Attenuate Obesity Caused by High-Fat Diet. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:763-778. [PMID: 32629118 PMCID: PMC7498948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiological and animal studies have indicated an inverse correlation between the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome and exposure to helminths. Whether helminth-induced immune response contributes to microbiota remodeling in obesity remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the immune-regulatory role of helminth in the prevention of HFD-induced obesity through remodeling gut microbiome. METHODS C57BL/6J WT and STAT6-/- mice were infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus and followed by high fat diet (HFD) feeding for 6 weeks. The host immune response, body weight, and fecal microbiota composition were analyzed. We used adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages and microbiota transplantation approaches to determine the impact of these factors on HFD-obesity. We also examined stool microbiota composition and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration and determined the expression of SCFA-relevant receptors in the recipient mice. RESULTS Helminth infection of STAT6-/- (Th2-deficient) mice and adoptive transfer of helminth-induced alternatively activated (M2) macrophages demonstrated that the helminth-associated Th2 immune response plays an important role in the protection against obesity and induces changes in microbiota composition. Microbiota transplantation showed that helminth-induced, Th2-dependent alterations of the gut microbiota are sufficient to confer protection against obesity. Collectively, these results indicate that helminth infection protects against HFD-induced obesity by Th2-dependent, M2 macrophage-mediated alterations of the intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the complex interplay between helminth infection, the immune system and the gut microbiota in a HFD-induced obesity model and holds promise for gut microbiome-targeted immunotherapy in obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Qiaorong Ji
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Shane O'Donnell
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Shasha Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, California Baptist University, Riverside, California
| | - W Allan Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Bobby J Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
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31
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Obi S, Shimokawa C, Katsuura M, Olia A, Imai T, Suzue K, Hisaeda H. IL-33 is essential to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice infected with an intestinal helminth. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12700. [PMID: 32027755 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminthes induce immunosuppressive responses as well as type 2 immunity. Their suppressive properties are intended to regulate inflammatory diseases such as allergies and autoimmune diseases. This study evaluated whether helminthic infections suppress obesity, a chronic inflammatory state, using an intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp). Infection with Hp at the same time as feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) prevented weight gain, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance observed in uninfected obese mice. Immunologically, Hp infection skewed M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages and induced type 2 innate lymphoid cells in adipose tissues. The expression of interleukin (IL)-33, a potent initiator of type 2 responses, was also increased in association with uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1). To further investigate the anti-obesity effects of IL-33 in mice infected with Hp, IL-33-deficient mice were fed the HFD and infected with Hp. These mutant mice rapidly gained weight compared with wild-type mice, indicating the anti-obesity effect of IL-33. In the absence of IL-33, the rapid increase in weight was not prevented, and type 2 responses and UCP1 expression were not observed even during Hp infection. These results suggested that the suppression of obesity by Hp is dependent on IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Obi
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimokawa
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Katsuura
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Alex Olia
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Suzue
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Bhootra Y, Dolla C, Thiruvengadam K, Nutman TB, Babu S. Metabolic Consequences of Concomitant Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:697-704. [PMID: 30407548 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and animal studies have demonstrated that helminth infections are associated with a decreased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, very little is known about their biochemical and immunological interactions. METHODS To assess the relationship between a soil-transmitted helminth, Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss), and T2DM, we examined analytes associated with glycemic control, metabolic processes, and T-cell-driven inflammation at the time of Ss diagnosis and 6 months after definitive anthelmintic treatment. We measured plasma levels of hemoglobin A1c, glucose, insulin, glucagon, adipocytokines, and T-helper (TH) 1-, 2-, and 17- associated cytokines in patients with T2DM with (INF group) or without (UN group) Ss infection. In INF individuals, we again assessed the levels of these analytes 6 months following anthelmintic treatment. RESULTS Compared to UN individuals, INF individuals exhibited significantly diminished levels of insulin and glucagon that increased significantly following therapy. Similarly, INF individuals exhibited significantly diminished levels of adiponectin and adipsin that reversed following therapy. INF individuals also exhibited significantly decreased levels of the TH1- and TH17- associated cytokines in comparison to UN individuals; again, anthelmintic therapy augmented these levels. As expected, INF individuals had elevated levels of TH2-associated and regulatory cytokines that normalized following definitive therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that these changes were independent of age, sex, body mass index, and liver and renal function. CONCLUSIONS Strongyloides stercoralis infection is associated with a significant modulation of glycemic, hormonal, and cytokine parameters in T2DM and its reversal following anthelmintic therapy. Hence, Ss infection has a protective effect on diabetes-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institute of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institute of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research
| | - Yukthi Bhootra
- National Institute of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research
| | | | | | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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33
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Coakley G, Harris NL. Interactions between macrophages and helminths. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12717. [PMID: 32249432 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, the major population of tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes, contribute significantly to the immune response during helminth infection. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) are induced early in the anti-helminth response following tissue insult and parasite recognition, amplifying the early type 2 immune cascade initiated by epithelial cells and ILC2s, and subsequently driving parasite expulsion. AAM also contribute to functional alterations in tissues infiltrated with helminth larvae, mediating both tissue repair and inflammation. Their activation is amplified and occurs more rapidly following reinfection, where they can play a dual role in trapping tissue migratory larvae and preventing or resolving the associated inflammation and damage. In this review, we will address both the known and emerging roles of tissue macrophages during helminth infection, in addition to considering both outstanding research questions and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Laraine Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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34
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Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Dolla C, Menon PA, Thiruvengadam K, Nutman TB, Babu S. Helminth infection modulates systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008101. [PMID: 32126084 PMCID: PMC7069638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of helminth infections exhibits an inverse association with the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and helminths are postulated to mediate a protective effect against T2DM. However, the biological mechanism behind this effect is not known. AIMS/METHODS We postulated that helminth infections act by modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine milieu that is characteristic of T2DM. To examine the association of cytokines and chemokines in helminth-diabetes co-morbidity, we measured the plasma levels of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in individuals with Strongyloides stercoralis infection (Ss+) and T2DM at the time of Ss diagnosis and then 6 months after definitive anthelmintic treatment along with uninfected control individuals with T2DM alone (Ss-). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ss+ individuals exhibited significantly diminished levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines-IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, IL-27, G-CSF and GM-CSF and chemokines-CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. In contrast, Ss+ individuals exhibited significantly elevated levels of IL-1Ra. Anthelmintic treatment resulted in increased levels of all of the cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSIONS Thus, helminth infections alleviate and anthelmintic therapy partially restores the plasma cytokine and chemokine levels in helminth-diabetes co-morbidity. Our data therefore offer a plausible biological mechanism for the protective effect of helminth infections against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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35
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Webster HC, Andrusaite AT, Shergold AL, Milling SWF, Perona-Wright G. Isolation and functional characterisation of lamina propria leukocytes from helminth-infected, murine small intestine. J Immunol Methods 2020; 477:112702. [PMID: 31705860 PMCID: PMC6983935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of helminth infections as tools to understand the type 2 immune response is a well-established technique and important to many areas of immunological research. The phenotype and function of immune cell populations at the site of infection is a key determinant of pathogen clearance. However, infections with helminths such as the murine nematode Heligomosmoides polygryrus cause increased mucus production and thickening of the intestinal wall, which can result in extensive cell death when isolating and analysing cells from the lamina propria (LP). Populations of larger immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are often trapped within mucus or dying tissues. Here we describe an optimised protocol for isolating LP leukocytes from the small intestine of H.polygyrus -infected mice, and we demonstrate phenotypic and functional identification of myeloid and CD4+ T cell subsets using cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Our protocol may provide a useful experimental method for the immunological analysis of the affected tissue site during helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Webster
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Anna T Andrusaite
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Amy L Shergold
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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36
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Khudhair Z, Alhallaf R, Eichenberger RM, Whan J, Kupz A, Field M, Krause L, Wilson DT, Daly NL, Giacomin P, Sotillo J, Loukas A. Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Decreases Systemic Inflammation, and Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Distinct Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606530. [PMID: 33613446 PMCID: PMC7892786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem and is considered one of the top 10 diseases leading to death globally. T2D has been widely associated with systemic and local inflammatory responses and with alterations in the gut microbiota. Microorganisms, including parasitic worms and gut microbes have exquisitely co-evolved with their hosts to establish an immunological interaction that is essential for the formation and maintenance of a balanced immune system, including suppression of excessive inflammation. Herein we show that both prophylactic and therapeutic infection of mice with the parasitic hookworm-like nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and body weight gain in two different diet-induced mouse models of T2D. Helminth infection was associated with elevated type 2 immune responses including increased eosinophil numbers in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and adipose tissues, as well as increased expression of IL-4 and alternatively activated macrophage marker genes in adipose tissue, liver and gut. N. brasiliensis infection was also associated with significant compositional changes in the gut microbiota at both the phylum and order levels. Our findings show that N. brasiliensis infection drives changes in local and systemic immune cell populations, and that these changes are associated with a reduction in systemic and local inflammation and compositional changes in the gut microbiota which cumulatively might be responsible for the improved insulin sensitivity observed in infected mice. Our findings indicate that carefully controlled therapeutic hookworm infection in humans could be a novel approach for treating metabolic syndrome and thereby preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Khudhair
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rafid Alhallaf
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jen Whan
- Advanced Analytical Center, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Field
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David T. Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alex Loukas,
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37
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Intestinal helminth infection enhances bacteria-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the airspace. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15703. [PMID: 31673002 PMCID: PMC6823376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal helminth infections elicit Th2-type immunity, which influences host immune responses to additional threats, such as allergens, metabolic disease, and other pathogens. Th2 immunity involves a shift of the CD4+ T-cell population from type-0 to type-2 (Th2) with increased abundance of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. This study sought to investigate if existing gut-restricted intestinal helminth infections impact bacterial-induced acute airway neutrophil recruitment. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: uninfected; helminth-Heligmosomoides polygyrus infected; Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected; and coinfected. Mice infected with H. polygyrus were incubated for 2 weeks, followed by P. aeruginosa intranasal inoculation. Bronchial alveolar lavage, blood, and lung samples were analyzed. Interestingly, infection with gut-restricted helminths resulted in immunological and structural changes in the lung. These changes include increased lung CD4+ T cells, increased Th2 cytokine expression, and airway goblet cell hyperplasia. Furthermore, coinfected mice exhibited significantly more airspace neutrophil infiltration at 6 hours following P. aeruginosa infection and exhibited an improved rate of survival compared with bacterial infected alone. These results suggest that chronic helminth infection of the intestines can influence and enhance acute airway neutrophil responses to P. aeruginosa infection.
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38
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Surendar J, Frohberger SJ, Karunakaran I, Schmitt V, Stamminger W, Neumann AL, Wilhelm C, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Adiponectin Limits IFN-γ and IL-17 Producing CD4 T Cells in Obesity by Restraining Cell Intrinsic Glycolysis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2555. [PMID: 31736971 PMCID: PMC6828851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the innate immune system, the contribution of the adaptive immune response during obesity and insulin resistance is still not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that high fat diet (HFD) increases the frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and frequencies of T cells positive for IFN-γ and IL-17 in the adipose tissue. The adipocyte-derived soluble factor adiponectin reduces IFN-γ and IL-17 positive CD4+ T cells from HFD mice and dampens the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells and Th17 cells. Adiponectin reduces Th17 cell differentiation and restrains glycolysis in an AMPK dependent fashion. Treatment with adult worm extracts of the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis (LsAg) reduces adipose tissue Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies during HFD and increases adiponectin levels. Stimulation of T cells in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from LsAg-treated mice reduces Th1 and Th17 frequencies and this effect was abolished when ACM was treated with an adiponectin neutralizing antibody. Collectively, these data reveal a novel role of adiponectin in controlling pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells during obesity and suggest that the beneficial role of helminth infections and helminth-derived products on obesity and insulin resistance may be in part mediated by adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayagopi Surendar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indulekha Karunakaran
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stamminger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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39
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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40
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Lumb FE, Crowe J, Doonan J, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Synthetic small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 promote metabolic homeostasis during obesity in a mouse model. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 234:111232. [PMID: 31634505 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly increasing human public health problems is obesity, whose sequelae like type-2 diabetes, represent continuously worsening, life-long conditions. Over the last 15 years, data have begun to emerge from human and more frequently, mouse studies, that support the idea that parasitic worm infection can protect against this condition. We have therefore investigated the potential of two synthetic small molecule analogues (SMAs) of the anti-inflammatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62, to protect against metabolic dysfunction in a C57BL/6 J mouse model of high calorie diet-induced obesity. We found weekly subcutaneous administration of the SMAs in combination (1 μg of each), starting one week before continuous exposure to high calorie diet (HCD), decreased fasting glucose levels and reversed the impaired glucose clearance observed in male mice, when measured at approximately 7 and 13 weeks after exposure to HCD. Fasting glucose levels were also-reduced in male mice fed a HCD for some 38 weeks when given SMA-treatment 13 weeks after the start of HCD, indicating an SMA-therapeutic potential. For the most part, protective effects were not observed in female mice. SMA treatment also conferred protection against each of reduced ileum villus length and liver fibrosis, but more prominently in female mice. Previous studies in mice indicate that protection against metabolic dysfunction is usually associated with polarisation of the immune system towards a type-2/anti-inflammatory direction but our attempts to correlate improved metabolic parameters with such changes were unsuccessful. Further analysis will therefore be required to define mechanism of action. Nevertheless, overall our data clearly show the potential of the drug-like SMAs as a preventative or treatment for metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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van der Zande HJP, Zawistowska-Deniziak A, Guigas B. Immune Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by Helminths and Their Molecules. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:795-808. [PMID: 31492623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, humans have coevolved with a wide variety of parasitic helminths that have contributed to shape their immune system. The recent eradication of helminth infections in modern societies has coincided with a spectacular rise in inflammatory metabolic diseases, such as obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and type 2 diabetes. Landmark studies in the emerging field of immunometabolism have highlighted the central role of the immune system in regulating metabolic functions, notably in adipose tissue, liver, and the gut. In this review we discuss how helminths, which are among the strongest natural inducers of type 2 immunity, and some of their unique immunomodulatory molecules, may contribute to the maintenance of tissue-specific and whole-body metabolic homeostasis and protection against obesity-associated meta-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. @lumc.nl
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Suppression of Obesity by an Intestinal Helminth through Interactions with Intestinal Microbiota. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00042-19. [PMID: 30962398 PMCID: PMC6529657 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00042-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly causing lifestyle diseases in developed countries where helminthic infections are rarely seen. Here, we investigated whether an intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, has a suppressive role in diet-induced obesity in mice. Infection with H. polygyrus suppressed weight gain in obese mice, which was associated with increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in adipocytes and a higher serum norepinephrine (NE) concentration. Blocking interactions of NE with its receptor on adipocytes resulted in the failure to prevent weight gain and to enhance UCP1 expression in obese mice infected with H. polygyrus, indicating that NE is responsible for the protective effects of H. polygyrus on obesity. In addition to sympathetic nerve-derived NE, the intestinal microbiota was involved in the increase in NE. Infection with H. polygyrus altered the composition of intestinal bacteria, and antibiotic treatment to reduce intestinal bacteria reversed the higher NE concentration, UCP1 expression, and prevention of the weight gain observed after H. polygyrus infection. Our data indicate that H. polygyrus exerts suppressive roles on obesity through modulation of microbiota that produce NE.
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43
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Peng J, Jia Y, Hu T, Du J, Wang Y, Cheng B, Li K. GC-(4→8)-GCG, A Proanthocyanidin Dimer from Camellia ptilophylla, Modulates Obesity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900082. [PMID: 30893514 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue leads to obesity and related chronic inflammation. This study aims to examine the effects of gallocatechin -(4→8)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GC-(4→8)-GCG), a main proanthocyanidin dimer from Camellia ptilophylla (Cocoa tea), on adipocyte- and adipose-related inflammation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and GC-(4→8)-GCG (40 or 80 mg kg-1 d-1 ) for 8 weeks. The metabolic profiles, adipose tissue hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine production are investigated. Additionally, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are utilized to investigate the effect of GC-(4→8)-GCG on preadipocyte differentiation and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated inflammatory response in vitro. GC-(4→8)-GCG supplementation decreases HFD-induced epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) hypertrophy, suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production and macrophage infiltration in eWAT, and improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. In vitro, GC-(4→8)-GCG shows a strong anti-adipogenic potential in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte by inhibiting the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION GC-(4→8)-GCG can modulate obesity and improve obesity-related insulin resistance by inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation and the related proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jing Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baohui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Moyat M, Coakley G, Harris NL. The interplay of type 2 immunity, helminth infection and the microbiota in regulating metabolism. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e01089. [PMID: 31719981 PMCID: PMC6837856 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity has recently emerged as a critical player in metabolic status, with numerous studies investigating the role of type 2 immune cells within adipose tissue. Metabolic dysfunction is often characterised as a low-grade or chronic inflammatory state within tissues, and type 2 immunity may facilitate a return to metabolic homeostasis. A complex network of type 2 resident cells including M2 macrophages, eosinophils and ILC2s has been identified within adipose tissue. Although the effector cells in this equilibrium have not been clearly identified, any alteration of the type 2 microenvironment resulted in an altered metabolic state. Historically, the type 2 immune response has been associated with helminth infection. The type 2 immune response drives host resistance and plays an important role in promoting tissue repair following the migration of helminth larvae through tissues. Although helminths are largely eradicated in developed countries, infection rates remain high in poor communities within the developing world. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that helminth infection is inversely correlated with autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. Recently, an increasing amount of epidemiological and field studies suggest that it could be the same for obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the current review, we summarise the literature linking type 2 immunity to improved adipose tissue function. We then discuss more recent evidence indicating that helminth infection can provide protection against metabolic syndrome. Lastly, we explore the possible contributions of altered nutrient uptake, adipose tissue function and/or the intestinal microbiota with the ability of helminths to alter metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Moyat
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash University Central Clinical SchoolMelbourneVICAustralia
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Murphy KP, Hendley MA, Isely C, Annamalai P, Peña E, Gower RM. Resveratrol Delivery from Porous Poly(lactide- co-glycolide) Scaffolds Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Environment within Visceral Adipose Tissue. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43363-43374. [PMID: 30462474 PMCID: PMC7076954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As biomaterial therapies emerge to address adipose tissue dysfunction that underlies metabolic disease, the immune response to these systems must be established. As a potential therapy, we are investigating resveratrol delivery from porous poly(lactide- co-glycolide) scaffolds designed to integrate with adipose tissue. Resveratrol was selected for its ability to protect mice and primates from high fat diet and broad anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, we report fabrication of scaffolds with high resveratrol loading that are stable and active for up to one year. In vitro release profiles indicate that drug release is biphasic with a burst release over 3 days followed by a plateau. Surprisingly, we find that PLG scaffolds implanted into adipose tissue of mice promote an anti-inflammatory environment characterized by high arginase-1 and low TNF-α and IL-6 compared to naïve unmanipulated fat. Resveratrol delivery from the scaffold augments this anti-inflammatory environment by decreasing monocyte and lymphocyte numbers at the implant site and increasing expression of IL-10 and IL-13, cytokines that promote healthy adipose tissue. In terms of therapeutic applications, implant of scaffolds designed to release resveratrol into the visceral fat decreases MCP-1 expression in mice fed a high fat diet, a molecule that drives both local and systemic inflammation during obesity. Taken together, resveratrol delivery to adipose tissue using poly(lactide- co-glycolide) scaffolds is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of adipose tissue inflammation that drives metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall P. Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael A. Hendley
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Christopher Isely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Prakasam Annamalai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Edsel Peña
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - R. Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Figueiredo VP, Junior ESL, Lopes LR, Simões NF, Penitente AR, Bearzoti E, Vieira PMDA, Schulz R, Talvani A. High fat diet modulates inflammatory parameters in the heart and liver during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:192-200. [PMID: 30195817 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The high fat diet (HFD) can trigger metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces progressive inflammatory manifestations capable to affect the structure and the function of important organs such as the heart and liver. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of a HFD on the immune response and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities during acute infection with the T. cruzi strain VL-10. The VL-10 strain has cardiac tropism and causes myocarditis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with either: (i) regular diet (Reg) or (ii) HFD for 8 weeks, after which mice in each group were infected with T. cruzi. Mice were euthanized on day 30 after infection, and the liver and heart were subjected to histology and zymography to determine MMP-2 activities and plasma levels of IL-10, TNF, CCL2, and CCL5. T. cruzi-infected HFD animals had higher parasitemia, LDL and total cholesterol levels. Regardless of diet, plasma levels of all inflammatory mediators and cardiac MMP-2 activity were elevated in infected mice in contrast with the low plasma levels of leptin. HFD animals presented micro- and macrovesicular hepatic steatosis, while cardiac leukocyte infiltration was mainly detected in T. cruzi-infected mice. Our findings suggested that a HFD promotes higher circulating T. cruzi load and cardiac and liver immunopathogenesis in an experimental model using the VL-10 strain of the T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program of Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Roquete Lopes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program of Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natalia Figueirôa Simões
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Bearzoti
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program of Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - André Talvani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program of Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post graduation program in Ecology of Tropical Biomes/ICEB, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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