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Shu F, Huang H, Xiao S, Xia Z, Zheng Y. Netrin-1 co-cross-linked hydrogel accelerates diabetic wound healing in situ by modulating macrophage heterogeneity and promoting angiogenesis. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:302-316. [PMID: 38827174 PMCID: PMC11143790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds, characterized by prolonged inflammation and impaired vascularization, are a serious complication of diabetes. This study aimed to design a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel for the sustained release of netrin-1 and evaluate its potential as a scaffold to promote diabetic wound healing. The results showed that netrin-1 was highly expressed during the inflammation and proliferation phases of normal wounds, whereas it synchronously exhibited aberrantly low expression in diabetic wounds. Neutralization of netrin-1 inhibited normal wound healing, and the topical application of netrin-1 accelerated diabetic wound healing. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that netrin-1 regulated macrophage heterogeneity via the A2bR/STAT/PPARγ signaling pathway and promoted the function of endothelial cells, thus accelerating diabetic wound healing. These data suggest that netrin-1 is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futing Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Mondal A, Bose C, Pramanik S, Dash D, Mukherjee B, Malik RA, Mukhopadhyay S. Circulating netrin-1 levels are reduced and related to corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:1068-1074. [PMID: 38725153 PMCID: PMC11292387 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Deficiency of neurotropic factors is implicated in diabetic neuropathy (DN). Netrin-1 is a neurotropic factor, but its association with DN has not been explored. We have assessed the association between serum netrin-1 levels and early diabetic neuropathy assessed by quantifying corneal nerve fiber loss using corneal confocal microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 participants with type 2 diabetes, without and with corneal nerve fiber loss (DN- n = 42, DN+ n = 30), and 45 healthy controls were studied. Serum netrin-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and corneal nerve morphology was assessed using corneal confocal microscopy. RESULTS Corneal nerve fiber density, branch density, fiber length and serum netrin-1 levels were significantly lower in the DN- and DN+ groups compared with controls (P < 0.001). Netrin-1 levels correlated with corneal nerve fiber length in the DN+ group (r = 0.51; P < 0.01). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a netrin-1 cut-off value of 599.6 (pg/mL) had an area under the curve of 0.85, with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 74% (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval 0.76-0.94) for differentiating patients with and without corneal nerve loss. CONCLUSIONS Serum netrin-1 levels show a progressive decline with increasing severity of small nerve fiber damage in patients with diabetes. Netrin-1 could act as a biomarker for small nerve fiber damage in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Mondal
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)KolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Chiranjit Bose
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)KolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Subhasish Pramanik
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)KolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Debasish Dash
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)KolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Bidisha Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)KolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine‐QatarDohaQatar
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)KolkataWest BengalIndia
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Chen X, Li Y, Lu L, Wu J, Yan R, Xiang J, Fan Q, Liu J, Li S, Xue Y, Fu T, Liu J, Li Z. Activation of the SST-SSTR5 signaling pathway enhances corneal wound healing in diabetic mice. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00051-5. [PMID: 38866206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Corneal wound healing in diabetic patients is usually delayed and accompanied by excessive inflammation. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we found that somatostatin (SST), an immunosuppressive peptide produced by corneal nerve fibers, was significantly reduced in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In addition, we discovered that topical administration of exogenous SST significantly improved re-epithelialization and nerve regeneration following diabetic corneal epithelial abrasion. Further analysis showed that topical SST significantly reduced the expression of injury inflammation-related genes, inhibited neutrophil infiltration, and shifted macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 in diabetic corneas' healing. Moreover, the application of L-817,818, an agonist of the SST receptor type 5 subtype, significantly reduced the inflammatory response following epithelial injury and markedly improved the process of re-epithelialization and nerve regeneration in mice. Taken together, these data suggest that activation of the SST-SST receptor type 5 pathway significantly ameliorates diabetes-induced abnormalities in corneal wound repair in mice. Targeting this pathway may provide a novel strategy to restore impaired corneal wound closure and nerve regeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Chen
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Lu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Xiang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Fan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senmao Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Aydin Acar C, Pehlivanoglu S, Yesilot S, Tasdemir HI. The Effect of Breast Milk from Different Lactation Stages on in Vitro Wound Healing. Breastfeed Med 2024. [PMID: 38853683 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process essential for restoring tissue integrity and homeostasis. It is thought that breast milk contributes positively to the wound healing process, thanks to the components it contains. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of breast milk on the wound healing process at different lactation stages and to evaluate the underlying mechanism(s). Materials and Methods: The effects of breast milk from different lactation stages (colostrum, transitional, and mature milk) on wound healing were determined by in vitro scratch assay in L929 fibroblast cells. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total oxidant, and antioxidant capacity were used to confirm antioxidant effects. The effect of breast milk on netrin-1 levels in L929 cells was elucidated by ELISA. Results: Breast milk at different lactation stages promoted wound healing. While the wound closure percentage was determined as 48.7% in the control group, this rate was determined to be the highest at 81.6% in the mature milk group (p:0.0002). The free radical scavenging capacity of colostrum, transitional, and mature milk with DPPH was determined as 49.69%, 60.64%, and 80.85%, respectively, depending on the lactation stages. Netrin-1 levels detected by ELISA were determined as 490.1 ± 6.5 pg/mL in the control group, while the lowest level was determined as 376.6 ± 4.5 pg/mL in mature milk (p:0.0003). Conclusions: Breast milk, especially mature milk, promoted wound healing on L929 cells by suppressing netrin-1 levels and scavenging free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Aydin Acar
- Bucak School of Health, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Suray Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sukriye Yesilot
- Bucak School of Health, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Tasdemir
- Bucak School of Health, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Kor A, Güven SC, Akan S, Eren F, Ecem Konak H, Maraş Y, Orhan K, Neşelioğlu S, Erten Ş. Serum netrin-1 levels are high in Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Biochem 2024; 127-128:110760. [PMID: 38556035 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data show that netrin-1 has a role in development of pulmonary fibrosis. This study was aimed to investigate serum netrin-1 level and its relation to interstitial lung disease(ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD 42 RA patients with RA-ILD, 58 RA patients without RA-ILD (RA non-ILD group), and 61 healthy volunteers were included in this study. The modified DAS28-ESR score was used to calculate disease activity in RA patients. Using the quantitative immunoassay method, Serum netrin-1 levels were measured with an ELISA kit (Catalog number: E-EL-H2328; lab science, lot number: GZWTKZ5SWK, Texas, USA). RESULTS The median value of netrin-1 was found to be significantly higher in the RA-ILD group (82.9 [59.9-124]) compared to both the RA non-ILD group(52.9 [49.5-73.1])(B = -0.006, OR = 0.994, CI 95 %=0.989-0.999, P = 0.018) and the control group(53.5 [49.5-87.5]) (B: -0.005, OR: 0.994, CI 95 %: 0.990-0.999, p: 0.022). A cut-off value of 61.78 for netrin-1 was found to have a sensitivity of 73.8 % and a specificity of 69 % for the diagnosis of RA-ILD (AUC [95 %Cl] = 0.771 [0.679-0.862], p < 0.0001).It was found that high serum netrin-1 level was strongly associated with the RA-usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) pattern and poorly related to the RA-nonspecific interstitial pneumonia(NSIP) pattern compared to the RA non-ILD group. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 is elevated in the serum of patients with RA-ILD, especially in the UIP pattern. Netrin-1 may be a potential candidate for predicting the development of RA-ILD that should be investigated in the pathophysiological and therapeutic fields..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kor
- Department of Rheumatology, Aksaray Education and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Can Güven
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Akan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ecem Konak
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Maraş
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevser Orhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen R, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li Y, Wang M, Wang H, Dong M, Zhou Q, Yang L. The Role of SLIT3-ROBO4 Signaling in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Delayed Corneal Epithelial and Nerve Regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 38700874 PMCID: PMC11077912 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, we aim to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced delayed corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. Methods Human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) were treated with thapsigargin to induce excessive ER stress and then RNA sequencing was performed. Immunofluorescence, qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA were used to detect the expression changes of SLIT3 and its receptors ROBO1-4. The role of recombinant SLIT3 protein in corneal epithelial proliferation and migration were assessed by CCK8 and cell scratch assay, respectively. Thapsigargin, exogenous SLIT3 protein, SLIT3-specific siRNA, and ROBO4-specific siRNA was injected subconjunctivally to evaluate the effects of different intervention on corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration. In addition, Ki67 staining was performed to evaluate the proliferation ability of epithelial cells. Results Thapsigargin suppressed normal corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration significantly. RNA sequencing genes related to development and regeneration revealed that thapsigargin induced ER stress significantly upregulated the expression of SLIT3 and ROBO4 in corneal epithelial cells. Exogenous SLIT3 inhibited normal corneal epithelial injury repair and nerve regeneration, and significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration ability of cultured mouse corneal epithelial cells. SLIT3 siRNA inhibited ROBO4 expression and promoted epithelial wound healing under thapsigargin treatment. ROBO4 siRNA significantly attenuated the delayed corneal epithelial injury repair and nerve regeneration induced by SLIT3 treatment or thapsigargin treatment. Conclusions ER stress inhibits corneal epithelial injury repair and nerve regeneration may be related with the upregulation of SLIT3-ROBO4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Muchen Dong
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Yin Y, Yan Y, Jin X, Fu Y, Chen Y. Netrin-1 Promotes M2 Type Activation and Inhibits Pyroptosis of Microglial Cells by Depressing RAC1/Nf-?B Pathway to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain. Physiol Res 2024; 73:305-314. [PMID: 38710054 PMCID: PMC11081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 (NTN-1) plays a vital role in the progress of nervous system development and inflammatory diseases. However, the role and underlying mechanism of NTN-1 in inflammatory pain (IP) are unclear. BV2 microglia were treated with LPS to mimic the cell status under IP. Adeno-associated virus carrying the NTN-1 gene (AAV-NTN-1) was used to overexpress NTN-1. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced mouse was recruited as an in vivo model. MTT and commercial kits were utilized to evaluate cell viability and cell death of BV2 cells. The mRNA expressions and secretions of cytokines were measured using the ELISA method. Also, the pyroptosis and activation of BV2 cells were investigated based on western blotting. To verify the role of Rac1/NF-kappaB signaling, isochamaejasmin (ISO) and AAV-Rac1 were presented. The results showed that NTN-1 expression was decreased in LPS-treated BV2 microglia and spinal cord tissues of CFA-injected mice. Overexpressing NTN-1 dramatically reversed cell viability and decreased cell death rate of BV2 microglia under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, while the level of pyroptosis was inhibited. Besides, AAV-NTN-1 rescued the activation of microglia and inflammatory injury induced by LPS, decreasing IBA-1 expression, as well as iNOS, IL-1beta and IL-6 secretions. Meanwhile AAV-NTN-1 promoted the anti-inflammation response, including increases in Arg-1, IL-4 and IL-10 levels. In addition, the LPS-induced activation of Rac1/NF-kappaB signaling was depressed by NTN-1 overexpression. The same results were verified in a CFA-induced mouse model. In conclusion, NTN-1 alleviated IP by suppressing pyroptosis and promoting M2 type activation of microglia via inhibiting Rac1/NF-?B signaling, suggesting the protective role of NTN-1 in IP. Keywords: Netrin-1, Inflammatory pain, Pyroptosis, Microglia M2 activation, Rac1/NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Le PM, Pal-Ghosh S, Menko AS, Stepp MA. Immune Cells Localize to Sites of Corneal Erosions in C57BL/6 Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1059. [PMID: 37509096 PMCID: PMC10377654 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent epithelial erosions develop in the cornea due to prior injury or genetic predisposition. Studies of recurrent erosions in animal models allow us to gain insight into how erosions form and are resolved. While slowing corneal epithelial cell migration and reducing their proliferation following treatment with mitomycin C reduce erosion formation in mice after sterile debridement injury, additional factors have been identified related to cytokine expression and immune cell activation. The relationship between recruitment of immune cells to the region of the cornea where erosions form and their potential roles in erosion formation and/or erosion repair remains unexplored in the C57BL/6 mouse recurrent erosion model. Here, high resolution imaging of mouse corneas was performed at D1, D7, and D28 after dulled-blade debridement injury in C57BL/6 mice. Around 50% of these mice have frank corneal erosions at D28 after wounding. A detailed assessment of corneas revealed the involvement of M2 macrophages in both frank and developing erosions at early stages of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Le
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Lv L, Peng M, Wang X, Wu Y. Multi-scale information fusion network with label smoothing strategy for corneal ulcer classification in slit lamp images. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:993234. [PMID: 36507358 PMCID: PMC9729873 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.993234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal ulcer is the most common symptom of corneal disease, which is one of the main causes of corneal blindness. The accurate classification of corneal ulcer has important clinical importance for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. To achieve this, we propose a deep learning method based on multi-scale information fusion and label smoothing strategy. Firstly, the proposed method utilizes the densely connected network (DenseNet121) as backbone for feature extraction. Secondly, to fully integrate the shallow local information and the deep global information and improve the classification accuracy, we develop a multi-scale information fusion network (MIF-Net), which uses multi-scale information for joint learning. Finally, to reduce the influence of the inter-class similarity and intra-class diversity on the feature representation, the learning strategy of label smoothing is introduced. Compared with other state-of-the-art classification networks, the proposed MIF-Net with label smoothing achieves high classification performance, which reaches 87.07 and 83.84% for weighted-average recall (W_R) on the general ulcer pattern and specific ulcer pattern, respectively. The proposed method holds promise for corneal ulcer classification in fluorescein staining slit lamp images, which can assist ophthalmologists in the objective and accurate diagnosis of corneal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linquan Lv
- Anhui Finance and Trade Vocational College, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Linquan Lv,
| | - Mengle Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Anhui Finance and Trade Vocational College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanjun Wu
- Anhui Finance and Trade Vocational College, Hefei, Anhui, China
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10
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Ruan W, Ma X, Bang IH, Liang Y, Muehlschlegel JD, Tsai KL, Mills TW, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. The Hypoxia-Adenosine Link during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1939. [PMID: 36009485 PMCID: PMC9405579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing availability and more successful interventional approaches to restore coronary reperfusion, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During myocardial ischemia, the myocardium becomes profoundly hypoxic, thus causing stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). Stabilization of HIF leads to a transcriptional program that promotes adaptation to hypoxia and cellular survival. Transcriptional consequences of HIF stabilization include increases in extracellular production and signaling effects of adenosine. Extracellular adenosine functions as a signaling molecule via the activation of adenosine receptors. Several studies implicated adenosine signaling in cardioprotection, particularly through the activation of the Adora2a and Adora2b receptors. Adenosine receptor activation can lead to metabolic adaptation to enhance ischemia tolerance or dampen myocardial reperfusion injury via signaling events on immune cells. Many studies highlight that clinical strategies to target the hypoxia-adenosine link could be considered for clinical trials. This could be achieved by using pharmacologic HIF activators or by directly enhancing extracellular adenosine production or signaling as a therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction, or undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yafen Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jochen Daniel Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kuang-Lei Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Neuroimmune crosstalk in the cornea: The role of immune cells in corneal nerve maintenance during homeostasis and inflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101105. [PMID: 35868985 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the cornea, resident immune cells are in close proximity to sensory nerves, consistent with their important roles in the maintenance of nerves in both homeostasis and inflammation. Using in vivo confocal microscopy in humans, and ex vivo immunostaining and fluorescent reporter mice to visualize corneal sensory nerves and immune cells, remarkable progress has been made to advance our understanding of the physical and functional interactions between corneal nerves and immune cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies relating to corneal immune cells and sensory nerves, and their interactions in health and disease. In particular, we consider how disrupted corneal nerve axons can induce immune cell activity, including in dendritic cells, macrophages and other infiltrating cells, directly and/or indirectly by releasing neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. We summarize growing evidence that the role of corneal intraepithelial immune cells is likely different in corneal wound healing versus other inflammatory-dominated conditions. The role of different types of macrophages is also discussed, including how stromal macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes communicate with corneal nerves to provide neuroprotection, while macrophages with pro-inflammatory phenotypes, along with other infiltrating cells including neutrophils and CD4+ T cells, can be inhibitory to corneal re-innervation. Finally, this review considers the bidirectional interactions between corneal immune cells and corneal nerves, and how leveraging this interaction could represent a potential therapeutic approach for corneal neuropathy.
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12
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Yuan X, Mills T, Doursout MF, Evans SE, Vidal Melo MF, Eltzschig HK. Alternative adenosine Receptor activation: The netrin-Adora2b link. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944994. [PMID: 35910389 PMCID: PMC9334855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia or inflammation, extracellular adenosine levels are elevated. Studies using pharmacologic approaches or genetic animal models pertinent to extracellular adenosine signaling implicate this pathway in attenuating hypoxia-associated inflammation. There are four distinct adenosine receptors. Of these, it is not surprising that the Adora2b adenosine receptor functions as an endogenous feedback loop to control hypoxia-associated inflammation. First, Adora2b activation requires higher adenosine concentrations compared to other adenosine receptors, similar to those achieved during hypoxic inflammation. Second, Adora2b is transcriptionally induced during hypoxia or inflammation by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1A. Studies seeking an alternative adenosine receptor activation mechanism have linked netrin-1 with Adora2b. Netrin-1 was originally discovered as a neuronal guidance molecule but also functions as an immune-modulatory signaling molecule. Similar to Adora2b, netrin-1 is induced by HIF1A, and has been shown to enhance Adora2b signaling. Studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intestinal inflammation, myocardial or hepatic ischemia and reperfusion implicate the netrin-Adora2b link in tissue protection. In this review, we will discuss the potential molecular linkage between netrin-1 and Adora2b, and explore studies demonstrating interactions between netrin-1 and Adora2b in attenuating tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Yu C, Chen P, Xu J, Wei S, Cao Q, Guo C, Wu X, Di G. Corneal Epithelium-Derived Netrin-1 Alleviates Dry Eye Disease via Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 35648640 PMCID: PMC9172049 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the expression of corneal epithelium-derived netrin-1 (NTN-1) and its immunoregulatory function in dry eye disease (DED) using a DED mouse model. Methods We generated DED mouse models with desiccating stress under scopolamine treatment. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the corneal epithelium of DED mice. NTN-1 expression was analyzed via real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunoblotting. The DED mice were then treated with recombinant NTN-1 or neutralizing antibodies to investigate the severity of the disease, dendritic cell (DC) activation, and inflammatory cytokine expression. Results A total of 347 DEGs (292 upregulated and 55 downregulated) were identified in the corneal epithelium of DED mice: corneal epithelium-derived NTN-1 expression was significantly decreased in DED mice compared to that in control mice. Topical recombinant NTN-1 application alleviated the severity of the disease, accompanied by restoration of tear secretion and goblet cell density. In addition, NTN-1 decreased the number of DCs, inhibited the activation of the DCs and Th17 cells, and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in DED mice. In contrast, blocking endogenous NTN-1 activity with an anti-NTN-1 antibody aggravated the disease, enhanced DC activation, and upregulated the inflammatory factors in the conjunctivae of DED mice. Conclusions We identified decreased NTN-1 expression in the corneal epithelium of DED mice. Our findings elucidate the role of NTN-1 in alleviating DED and impeding DC activation, thereby indicating its therapeutic potential in suppressing ocular inflammation in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Anthropotomy and Histo-Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Susu Wei
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Guaiquil VH, Xiao C, Lara D, Dimailig G, Zhou Q. Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109054. [PMID: 35427568 PMCID: PMC9133167 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Axon guidance proteins are essential for axonal pathfinding during development. In adulthood, they have been described as pleiotropic proteins with multiple roles in different organs and tissues. While most studies on the roles of these proteins in the cornea have been performed on the Semaphorin family members, with few reports on Netrins or Ephrins, their function in corneal epithelium wound healing and functional nerve regeneration is largely unknown. Here, we studied the expression of ligands belonging to three distinct axon guidance families (Semaphorins, Ephrins, and Netrins) and their most commonly associated receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) using immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR. We also evaluated how their expression recovers after corneal epithelium injury. We found that all ligands studied (Sema3A, Sema3F, EphrinB1, EphrinB2, Netrin-1, and Netrin-4) are abundantly expressed in both the TG and corneal epithelium. Similarly, their receptors (Neuropilin-1, Neuropilin-2, PlexinA1, PlexinA3, EphB2, EphB4, Neogenin, UNC5H1 and DCC) are also expressed in both tissues. Upon corneal epithelium injury, quick recovery of both ligands and receptors was observed at the protein and gene expression levels. While the timing and expression levels vary among these proteins, in general, most of them remained upregulated for several weeks after injury. We propose that the initial protein expression recovery may be related to corneal epithelium recovery since Sema3A, EphrinB2 and Netrin-4 accelerated corneal epithelial cells wound healing. The sustained high expression levels may be functionally related to nerve regeneration and/or patterning. Whilst further studies are required to test this hypothesis, this work contributes to unraveling their function in normal and injured cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Cissy Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Lara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Greigory Dimailig
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Duan L, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor even beyond the therapeutic window of N-acetylcysteine accelerates liver recovery after an acetaminophen overdose. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112911. [PMID: 35292334 PMCID: PMC9018526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. The short therapeutic window of the current antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) highlights the need for novel late acting therapeutics. The neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 provides delayed protection against APAP hepatotoxicity through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The clinical relevance of this mechanism was investigated here by administration of the A2BAR agonist BAY 60-6583, after an APAP overdose (300 or 600 mg/kg) in fasted male and female C57BL/6J mice with assessment of liver injury 6 or 24 h after APAP in comparison to NAC. BAY 60-6583 treatment 1.5 h after APAP overdose (600 mg/kg) protected against liver injury at 6 h by preserving mitochondrial function despite JNK activation and its mitochondrial translocation. Gender independent protection was sustained when BAY 60-6583 was given 6 h after APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), when NAC administration did not show benefit. This protection was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of macrophages with the reparative anti-inflammatory phenotype by 24 h, accompanied by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration. Thus, our data emphasize the remarkable therapeutic utility of using an A2BAR agonist, which provides delayed protection long after the standard of care NAC ceased to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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16
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Wang T, Wang M, Zhu W, Wang L, Chen Z, Peng Y, Shi F, Zhou Y, Yao C, Chen X. Semi-MsST-GAN: A Semi-Supervised Segmentation Method for Corneal Ulcer Segmentation in Slit-Lamp Images. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:793377. [PMID: 35058743 PMCID: PMC8764146 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.793377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal ulcer is a common leading cause of corneal blindness. It is difficult to accurately segment corneal ulcers due to the following problems: large differences in the pathological shapes between point-flaky and flaky corneal ulcers, blurred boundary, noise interference, and the lack of sufficient slit-lamp images with ground truth. To address these problems, in this paper, we proposed a novel semi-supervised multi-scale self-transformer generative adversarial network (Semi-MsST-GAN) that can leverage unlabeled images to improve the performance of corneal ulcer segmentation in fluorescein staining of slit-lamp images. Firstly, to improve the performance of segmenting the corneal ulcer regions with complex pathological features, we proposed a novel multi-scale self-transformer network (MsSTNet) as the MsST-GAN generator, which can guide the model to aggregate the low-level weak semantic features with the high-level strong semantic information and adaptively learn the spatial correlation in feature maps. Then, to further improve the segmentation performance by leveraging unlabeled data, the semi-supervised approach based on the proposed MsST-GAN was explored to solve the problem of the lack of slit-lamp images with corresponding ground truth. The proposed Semi-MsST-GAN was comprehensively evaluated on the public SUSTech-SYSU dataset, which contains 354 labeled and 358 unlabeled fluorescein staining slit-lamp images. The results showed that, compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method achieves better performance with comparable efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weifang Zhu
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianyu Wang
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongyue Chen
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenpu Yao
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Chen
- Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) Laboratory, The School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Zhou Q, Yang L, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei C, Xie L. Mechanistic investigations of diabetic ocular surface diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1079541. [PMID: 36589805 PMCID: PMC9800783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus over recent decades, more patients suffered from various diabetic complications, including diabetic ocular surface diseases that may seriously affect the quality of life and even vision sight. The major diabetic ocular surface diseases include diabetic keratopathy and dry eye. Diabetic keratopathy is characterized with the delayed corneal epithelial wound healing, reduced corneal nerve density, decreased corneal sensation and feeling of burning or dryness. Diabetic dry eye is manifested as the reduction of tear secretion accompanied with the ocular discomfort. The early clinical symptoms include dry eye and corneal nerve degeneration, suggesting the early diagnosis should be focused on the examination of confocal microscopy and dry eye symptoms. The pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired neurotrophic innervations and limbal stem cell function, and dysregulated growth factor signaling, and inflammation alterations. Diabetic dry eye may be associated with the abnormal mitochondrial metabolism of lacrimal gland caused by the overactivation of sympathetic nervous system. Considering the important roles of the dense innervations in the homeostatic maintenance of cornea and lacrimal gland, further studies on the neuroepithelial and neuroimmune interactions will reveal the predominant pathogenic mechanisms and develop the targeting intervention strategies of diabetic ocular surface complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Xie,
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18
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Netrin-1: An Emerging Player in Inflammatory Diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 64:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Chen X, Hu J. Long Noncoding RNA 3632454L22Rik Contributes to Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing by Sponging miR-181a-5p in Diabetic Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 34787641 PMCID: PMC8606839 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This work explores the abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in diabetic corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and constructs an associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Moreover, we revealed that Rik may exert advantageous effects on diabetic corneal epithelial wound closure by sponging miR-181a-5p. Methods We obtained the profiles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) of CECs of type 1 diabetic versus control corneas by microarray and summarized the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) data by published literature. Subsequently, the ceRNA network was constructed using bioinformatics analyses. The levels of lncRNA ENSMUST00000153610/3632454L22Rik (Rik) and miR-181a-5p were verified. The localization of Rik was identified with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and dual-luciferase assays proved the targeted relationship between Rik and miR-181a-5p. Furthermore, we validated the functional impact of Rik in vitro. Results Overall, 111 upregulated and 117 downregulated DELs were detected in diabetic versus control CECs. The level of Rik located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus was clearly downregulated, whereas miR-181a-5p was upregulated in vitro and in vivo in the diabetic group versus the control group. Rik can act as a ceRNA to bind to miR-181a-5p, thus promoting diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro. Conclusions This work investigated the expression profile of DELs and constructed ceRNA networks of diabetic CECs for the first time. Furthermore, we revealed that Rik may positively impact diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing by sponging miR-181a-5p, providing a novel potential therapeutic target of diabetic keratopathy (DK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fu Zhou, China
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20
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Kang WS, Choi H, Lee KH, Kim E, Kim KJ, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg and Its Active Components Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis after Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Ocular Surface Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1717. [PMID: 34829588 PMCID: PMC8614870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that urban particulate matter (UPM) exposure decreases the migration activity and survival of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Herein, we investigated the potential to improve the corneal wound-healing ability of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. leaf extract (PJE) and its active components on UPM-induced ocular surface damage in vitro and in vivo. PJE effectively assisted wound healing without altering HCEC survival and enhanced catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) antioxidant gene expression. A corneal wound was uniformly induced on the right eye in all experimental animals and divided into eight groups such as two control groups (wounded right eye group-NR and non-wounded left eye group-NL), UPM treated group and PJEs (25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg) treated groups. Corneal abrasion model rats exposed to UPM showed delayed wound healing compared to unexposed rats, but wound healing was dose-dependently enhanced by PJE oral administration. Seventy-two hours after wound generation, inflammatory cells, apoptotic cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression were increased substantially after UPM exposure, but PJE treatment significantly reduced the wound to an almost normal level while enhancing re-epithelialization without changing corneal thickness. Next, we tried to identify the key molecules for enhancing wound healing through fractionation. The major compounds in the fraction, confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were chlorogenic acid (CA), neochlorogenic acid (NCA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA). Each type of CA isomers showed slightly different half maximal effective (EC50) and maximal effective (ECmax) concentrations, and their mixtures synergistically enhanced HCEC migration. Thus, corneal abrasion wound recovery after UPM exposure improved after PJE treatment, and the active PJE components were identified, providing an important basis to develop therapeutics for ocular surface damage using PJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si 58245, Korea;
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
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21
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Berg NK, Li J, Kim B, Mills T, Pei G, Zhao Z, Li X, Zhang X, Ruan W, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent induction of myeloid-derived netrin-1 attenuates natural killer cell infiltration during endotoxin-induced lung injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21334. [PMID: 33715200 PMCID: PMC8251729 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002407r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and sepsis‐associated lung inflammation significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of critical illness. Here, we examined the hypothesis that neuronal guidance proteins could orchestrate inflammatory events during endotoxin‐induced lung injury. Through a targeted array, we identified netrin‐1 as the top upregulated neuronal guidance protein in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we found that netrin‐1 is highly enriched in infiltrating myeloid cells, particularly in macrophages during LPS‐induced lung injury. Transcriptional studies implicate hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1α in the transcriptional induction of netrin‐1 during LPS treatment. Subsequently, the deletion of netrin‐1 in the myeloid compartment (Ntn1loxp/loxp LysM Cre) resulted in exaggerated mortality and lung inflammation. Surprisingly, further studies revealed enhanced natural killer cells (NK cells) infiltration in Ntn1loxp/loxp LysM Cre mice, and neutralization of NK cell chemoattractant chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) reversed the exaggerated lung inflammation. Together, these studies provide functional insight into myeloid cell‐derived netrin‐1 in controlling lung inflammation through the modulation of CCL2‐dependent infiltration of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Duan L, Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Late Protective Effect of Netrin-1 in the Murine Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:168-181. [PMID: 32207522 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver failure is an important clinical problem in the United States and the current antidote N-acetylcysteine, has a short early therapeutic window. Since most patients present late to the clinic, there is need for novel late-acting therapeutic options. Though the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1, has been shown to promote hepatic repair and regeneration during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, its effect in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. In the quest for a late-acting therapeutic intervention in APAP-induced liver injury, we examined the role of netrin-1 in a mouse model of APAP overdose. Male C57BL/6J mice were cotreated with exogenous netrin-1 or vehicle control, along with 300 mg/kg APAP and euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 h. Significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase indicative of liver injury were seen in control mice at 6 h and this was not affected by netrin-1 administration. Also, netrin-1 treatment did not influence mitochondrial translocation of phospho-JNK, or peroxynitrite formation indicating that there was no interference with APAP-induced injury processes. Interestingly however, netrin-1 administration attenuated liver injury at 24 h, as seen by alanine aminotransferase levels and histology, at which time significant elevations in the netrin-1 receptor, adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) as well as macrophage infiltration was evident. Removal of resident macrophages with clodronate liposomes or treatment with the A2BAR antagonist PSB1115 blocked the protective effects of netrin-1. Thus, our data indicate a previously unrecognized role for netrin-1 in attenuation of APAP hepatotoxicity by enhancing recovery and regeneration, which is mediated through the A2BAR and involves resident liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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23
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Giurdanella G, Longo A, Salerno L, Romeo G, Intagliata S, Lupo G, Distefano A, Platania CBM, Bucolo C, Li Volti G, Anfuso CD, Pittalà V. Glucose-impaired Corneal Re-epithelialization Is Promoted by a Novel Derivate of Dimethyl Fumarate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060831. [PMID: 34067436 PMCID: PMC8224583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose induces corneal epithelial dysfunctions characterized by delayed wound repair. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediates cell protection mechanisms even through the Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulation. Here, we synthesized new HO-1 inducers by modifying dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and used docking studies to select VP13/126 as a promising compound with the best binding energy to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1), which is the the regulator of Nrf2 nuclear translocation. We verified if VP13/126 protects SIRC cells from hyperglycemia compared to DMF. SIRC were cultured in normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM, HG) in presence of DMF (1–25 μM) or VP13/126 (0.1–5 μM) with or without ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (15 μM). VP13/126 was more effective than DMF in the prevention of HG-induced reduction of cell viability and proliferation. Reduction of wound closure induced by HG was similarly counteracted by 1 μM VP13/126 and 10 μM DMF. VP13/126 strongly increased phospho/total ERK1/2 and restored HO-1 protein in HG-treated SIRC; these effects are completely counteracted by PD98059. Moreover, high-content screening analysis showed a higher rate of Nrf2 nuclear translocation induced by VP13/126 than DMF in HG-stimulated SIRC. These data indicate that VP13/126 exerts remarkable pro-survival properties in HG-stimulated SIRC, promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (G.L.); (A.D.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Anna Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (G.L.); (A.D.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (G.L.); (A.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (G.L.); (A.D.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (G.L.); (A.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (G.L.); (A.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.D.A.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-095-478-1170 (C.D.A.); +39-095-738-4269 (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.R.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.A.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-095-478-1170 (C.D.A.); +39-095-738-4269 (V.P.)
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24
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Clinical Features, Risk Factors, and Therapy of Epithelial Keratitis after Cataract Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:6636228. [PMID: 34035955 PMCID: PMC8121559 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6636228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and therapy of epithelial keratitis after cataract surgery. Methods Medical data of 89 consecutive patients who developed epithelial keratitis after cataract surgery, including 37 patients with diabetes mellitus (37 eyes) and 52 patients without diabetes mellitus (52 eyes), were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics, risk factors, and therapy in those patients were evaluated. Results The preoperative tear film function determined by the tear breakup time, meibomian gland atrophy score, and low tear meniscus height in diabetic patients was poorer than nondiabetic patients (P < 0.001). Of diabetic patients, 83.78% (31/37) had been diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction before cataract surgery and treated with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after cataract surgery for 44.69 ± 10.51 days, compared to 42.31% (22/52) of nondiabetic patients receiving the topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment for 33.35 ± 5.16 days (both P < 0.001). Epithelial lesions progressed within three to four days following cataract surgery in 59.46% (22/37) of diabetic patients, versus 30.77% (16/52) of the nondiabetic patients (P=0.025). Patients with combined meibomian gland dysfunction and epithelial defects accounted for 48.65% (18/37) in the diabetic group and 25.00% (13/52) in the nondiabetic group (P < 0.001). In vivo confocal microscopy showed absence of subbasal never fibers in eyes with epithelial defects, and central corneal sensation was also significantly depressed in those eyes, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.227). Corneal ulceration and herpes simplex keratitis were found in 2.70% (1/37) and 5.41% (2/37) of diabetic patients, respectively. Amniotic membrane transplantation was required in 32.43% (12/37) of patients in the diabetic group, and the proportion was higher than 1.92% (1/52) in the nondiabetic group (P < 0.001). Average healing time of the corneal epithelium in the diabetic group was 40.62 ± 20.0 days, much longer than 21.74 ± 6.94 days in the nondiabetic group (P=0.002). Conclusion Epithelial keratitis after cataract surgery in diabetic patients has the characteristics of rapid development, severe epithelial damage, and slow repair of the corneal epithelium. Amniotic membrane transplantation is a good choice for persistent epithelial defects associated with such epithelial keratitis. Attention should be paid to the tear film function and use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
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25
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Suneja S, Gangopadhyay S, Saini V, Dawar R, Kaur C. Emerging Diabetic Novel Biomarkers of the 21st Century. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes is a growing epidemic with estimated prevalence of infected to reach ~592 million by the year 2035. An effective way to approach is to detect the disease at a very early stage to reduce the complications and improve lifestyle management. Although several traditional biomarkers including glucated hemoglobin, glucated albumin, fructosamine, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol have helped in ease of diagnosis, there is lack of sensitivity and specificity and are inaccurate in certain clinical settings. Thus, search for new and effective biomarkers is a continuous process with an aim of accurate and timely diagnosis. Several novel biomarkers have surged in the present century that are helpful in timely detection of the disease condition. Although it is accepted that a single biomarker will have its inherent limitations, combining several markers will help to identify individuals at high risk of developing prediabetes and eventually its progression to frank diabetes. This review describes the novel biomarkers of the 21st century, both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their present potential for assessing risk stratification due to insulin resistance that will pave the way for improved clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Suneja
- Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Dawar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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26
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Li J, Conrad C, Mills TW, Berg NK, Kim B, Ruan W, Lee JW, Zhang X, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. PMN-derived netrin-1 attenuates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via myeloid ADORA2B signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212023. [PMID: 33891683 PMCID: PMC8077173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies implicated the neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the tissue-specific sources and receptor signaling events remain elusive. Neutrophils are among the first cells responding to an ischemic insult and can be associated with tissue injury or rescue. We found netrin-1 levels were elevated in the blood of patients with myocardial infarction, as well as in mice exposed to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Selectively increased infarct sizes and troponin levels were found in Ntn1loxP/loxP Lyz2 Cre+ mice, but not in mice with conditional netrin-1 deletion in other tissue compartments. In vivo studies using neutrophil depletion identified neutrophils as the main source for elevated blood netrin-1 during myocardial injury. Finally, pharmacologic studies using treatment with recombinant netrin-1 revealed a functional role for purinergic signaling events through the myeloid adenosine A2b receptor in mediating netrin-1-elicited cardioprotection. These findings suggest an autocrine signaling loop with a functional role for neutrophil-derived netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through myeloid adenosine A2b signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Catharina Conrad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Nathaniel K Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
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27
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hADSCs derived extracellular vesicles inhibit NLRP3inflammasome activation and dry eye. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14521. [PMID: 32884023 PMCID: PMC7471690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was set out to address the therapeutic efficacy of human adipose tissue stem cells derived extracellular vesicles (hADSC-Evs) in a mouse model of dry eye disease and to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. hADSC-Evs eye drops were topically administered to mice that subjected to desiccating stress (DS). Clinical parameters of ocular surface damage were assessed with fluorescein staining, tear production and PAS staining. For in vitro studies, cell viability assay and TUNEL staining were performed in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) treated with hADSC-Evs under hyperosmotic media. In addition, immunofluorescent staining, Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blots were used to evaluated NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β expression levels. Compared with vehicle control mice, topical hADSC-Evs treated mice showed decreased corneal epithelial defects, increased tear production, decreased goblet cell loss, as well as reduced inflammatory cytokines production. In vitro, hADSC-Evs could protect HCECs against hyperosmotic stress-induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, hADSC-Evs treatment suppressed the DS induced rises in NLRP3 inflammasome formation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. In conclusion, hADSC-Evs eye drops effectively suppress NLRP3 inflammatory response and alleviate ocular surface damage in dry eye disease.
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28
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Li W, Wang X, Cheng J, Li J, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Li H, Xue J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xie L. Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 promotes diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration via regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Exp Eye Res 2020; 196:108060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Han Y, Jiang N, Su T, Yang QC, Yan CC, Ye L, Yuan Q, Zhu PW, Li W, Liu ZG, Shao Y. Netrin-1 promotes epithelium repair in corneal injury. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:206-212. [PMID: 32090028 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore netrin-1 functions on corneal epithelium in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro the human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were treated with serum free DMEM-F12 basic media containing 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 800, and 1000 ng/mL of netrin-1, respectively. The cells viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The wound-healing assay was applied to assess the migration proficiency of HCE cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis. In vivo, normal c57 (6wk) mice were demarcated with a trephine in the middle of the cornea to produce a 3-mm circular wound. Mice corneas were inflicted no epithelium with a 3-mm wound displayed, but remained the limbal epithelium intact. A blunt scalpel blade was used to remove the corneal epithelian cells, followed by topical netrin-1 application (200 ng/mL), and the group treated by PBS as control. The treated group was injected netrin-1 into the normal c57 mice inferior subconjunctival 4h before trauma. Mouse corneal inflammation and neovascularization were observed under slit lamp microscope. The apoptosis of corneal cells was determined by TUNEL staining. RESLUTS A concentration of 200 ng/mL netrin-1 enhanced 25% of the HCE viability. The relative migration rates were 76.3% and 100% in control and netrin-1 treated group after cultured 72h. Treated with netrin-1 (200 ng/mL) decreased the apoptosis of HCE cells, as well as decreased their percentage from 19.3%±0.57% to 12.7%±0.42% of the total. The remaining wound area was 1.22 mm2 in control group but 0.22 mm2 in the netrin-1 treated group. Exogenous Netrin-1 inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells of c57 mice. TUNEL-positive cells at the epithelial layer of the corneas of the control and netrin-1 treated c57 mice at 24h after wounding were 43.3% and 16.7% respectively. CONCLUSION Netrin-1 can reduce HCE apoptosis as well as promote its proliferation and migration. Topical application of netrin-1 promotes the injuryed cornea epithelial wound repair and inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells. These findings may offer potential therapies to repair the defects of corneal epithelial based on netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting Su
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi-Chen Yang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Cong-Cong Yan
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pei-Wen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zu-Guo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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30
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Gu L, Lin J, Wang Q, Li C, Peng X, Fan Y, Lu C, Lin H, Niu Y, Zhu G, Zhao G. Dimethyl itaconate protects against fungal keratitis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:229-241. [PMID: 31943336 PMCID: PMC7065235 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl itaconate (DI) is a membrane‐permeable itaconate derivative with anti‐inflammatory functions. However, the anti‐inflammatory effect of DI has never been studied in fungal keratitis. In this study, we tested the protective effect of DI against fungal keratitis and assessed the role of NF‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling in this process. Eyes of C57BL/6 (B6) mice were treated with 2 mm DI after infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were pretreated with 0.25 mm DI and then incubated with A. fumigatus. Clinical scoring, slit‐lamp photography, myeloperoxidase determination, flow cytometry and immunostaining were used to assess the disease response and treatment efficacy. PCR, Western blot and ELISA were used to assess the expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1, IL‐6, IL‐8, Nrf2 and HO‐1. In addition, quantification of viable fungi, absorbance assays and fluorimetry were used to measure DI fungistatic activity. We observed that DI‐treated eyes showed decreased clinical scores, fungal loads, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and cytokine expression, compared with phosphate‐buffered saline‐treated infected eyes. DI treatment decreased the cytokine levels in infected corneas and in HCECs stimulated with A. fumigatus. Moreover, DI treatment increased Nrf2 and HO‐1 expression in corneas and nuclear Nrf2 accumulation in HCECs. DI‐induced cytokine downregulation was inhibited by pretreatment with an Nrf2 or HO‐1 inhibitor. Finally, DI treatment reduced the A. fumigatus absorbance and fungal mass. These data indicate that DI protects against fungal keratitis by limiting inflammation via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway and that DI inhibits the growth of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunli Lu
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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31
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Gene Expression Profiling of the Extracellular Matrix Signature in Macrophages of Different Activation Status: Relevance for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205086. [PMID: 31615030 PMCID: PMC6829210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissue architecture and is a major effector of cell behavior during skin repair and inflammation. Macrophages are involved in all stages of skin repair but only limited knowledge exists about macrophage-specific expression and regulation of ECM components. In this study, we used transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analysis to define the unique expression of ECM-associated genes in cultured macrophages. Characterization of the matrisome revealed that most genes were constitutively expressed and that several genes were uniquely regulated upon interferon gamma (IFNγ) and dexamethasone stimulation. Among those core matrisome and matrisome-associated components transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-induced, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), elastin microfibril interfacer (EMILIN)-1, netrin-1 and gliomedin were also present within the wound bed at time points that are characterized by profound macrophage infiltration. Hence, macrophages are a source of ECM components in vitro as well as during skin wound healing, and identification of these matrisome components is a first step to understand the role and therapeutic value of ECM components in macrophages and during wound healing.
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Hu X, Zhu S, Liu R, Miller JD, Merkley K, Tilton RG, Liu H. Sirt6 deficiency impairs corneal epithelial wound healing. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1932-1946. [PMID: 30070973 PMCID: PMC6128418 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Corneal transparency, dependent on the integrity of epithelial cells, is essential for vision. Corneal epithelial damage is one of the most commonly observed ocular conditions and proper wound healing is necessary for corneal transparency. Sirt6, a histone deacetylase, has been shown to regulate many cellular events including aging and inflammation. However, its specific role in corneal epithelial wound healing remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that Sirt6 was expressed in corneal epithelial cells and its expression decreased with age. In an in vivo corneal epithelial wound healing model, Sirt6 deficiency resulted in delayed and incomplete wound healing and was associated excessive inflammation in the corneal stroma and dysfunction of Notch signaling, leading to keratinization of the corneal epithelium and corneal opacity. Aging Sirt6-deficient mice spontaneously developed corneal keratitis with extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cornea. In vitro experiments demonstrated that primary corneal epithelial cells with Sirt6 downregulation expressed increased basal levels of inflammatory genes and exhibited hyper-inflammatory reactivity to IL-1β and TNFα treatment. These results provide compelling evidence that Sirt6 is a critical regulator of inflammation in the cornea, and is responsible for corneal epithelial wound healing, thus contributing to the maintenance of epithelial integrity and corneal transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- Wuhan Hanyang Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jordan D Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kevin Merkley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ronald G Tilton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Son YJ, Tse JW, Zhou Y, Mao W, Yim EKF, Yoo HS. Biomaterials and controlled release strategy for epithelial wound healing. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4444-4471. [PMID: 31436261 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin and cornea are tissues that provide protective functions. Trauma and other environmental threats often cause injuries, infections and damage to these tissues, where the degree of injury is directly correlated to the recovery time. For example, a superficial skin or corneal wound may recover within days; however, more severe injuries can last up to several months and may leave scarring. Thus, therapeutic strategies have been introduced to enhance the wound healing efficiency and quality. Although the skin and cornea share similar anatomic structures and wound healing process, therapeutic agents and formulations for skin and cornea wound healing differ in accordance with the tissue and wound type. In this review, we describe the anatomy and epithelial wound healing processes of the skin and cornea, and summarize the therapeutic molecules that are beneficial to the respective regeneration process. In addition, biomaterial scaffolds that inherently possess bioactive properties or modified with therapeutic molecules for topical controlled release and enhanced wound healing efficiency are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Son
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - John W Tse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea. and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
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Shi F, Deng Z, Zhou Z, Jiang B, Jiang CY, Zhao RZ, Sun F, Cui D, Sun MH, Sun Q, Wang XJ, Wu Q, Xia SJ, Han BM. Heat injured stromal cells-derived exosomal EGFR enhances prostatic wound healing after thulium laser resection through EMT and NF-κB signaling. Prostate 2019; 79:1238-1255. [PMID: 31124594 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated shallow heat injury to prostate stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells and their interaction to regulate the wound healing and the underlying molecular events. METHODS Prostate stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells were cultured individually or cocultured and subjected to shallow heat injury for assessments of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and gene expression. The supernatant of heat-injured WPMY-1 cells was collected for exosome extraction and assessments. Furthermore, beagle dogs received thulium laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP) and randomly divided into Gefitinib, GW4869, and control treatment for the histological analysis, tissue re-epithelialization, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on the prostatic wound surface. Immunofluorescence was to evaluate p63-positive basal progenitor cell trans-differentiation and macrophage polarization and ELISA was to detect cytokine levels in beagles' urine. RESULTS Shallow heat injury caused these cells to enter a stressed state and enhanced their crosstalk. The prostate stromal fibroblasts produced and secreted more exosomal-EGFR and other cytokines and chemokines after shallow heat injury, resulting in increased proliferation and migration of prostate epithelial cells during wound healing. The wound healing of the canine prostatic urethra following the TmLRP procedure was slower in the Gefitinib and GW4869 treatment group than in the control group of animals. Immunofluorescence and ELISA showed that reduced EGFR expression interrupted macrophage polarization but increased the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Shallow heat injury was able to promote the interaction of prostate stromal cells with prostate epithelial cells to enhance wound healing. Stromal-derived exosomal-EGFR plays a crucial role in the balance of the macrophage polarization and prostatic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen-Yi Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Zhe Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Min Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou Y, Lin J, Peng X, Li C, Zhang J, Wang Q, Zhu G, You J, Zhao G. The role of netrin-1 in the mouse cornea during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:372-381. [PMID: 30952101 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects of netrin-1 on inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-infected mouse corneas and on proliferation and migration in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS Netrin-1 and the receptor A2BAR were detected in normal and infected corneas from C57BL/6 mice and RAW 264.7 cells. The mice were injected subconjunctivally with recombinant netrin-1. The severity of the disease was determined by clinical scores, photography with a slit lamp, RT-PCR, western blotting, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays and immunofluorescence staining of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs). The effects of netrin-1 on RAW 264.7 cells in vitro were determined by RT-PCR. The role of A2BAR was demonstrated in vivo by detecting the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in corneas pretreated subconjunctivally with an A2BAR antagonist (PSB1115). RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigates) and netrin-1 with or without PSB1115 pretreatment. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation ability, and cell migration ability was determined by cell scratch experiments with HCECs. RESULTS Netrin-1 expression decreased slightly after A. fumigatus infection and then increased to its peak. A2BAR expression increased at 1 day post infection (p.i.), with a subsequent decline. Compared to the PBS control, exogenous netrin-1 attenuated the inflammatory response, PMN infiltration, and expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, while IL-10 expression was up-regulated. In RAW 264.7 cells, recombinant netrin-1 obviously inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and promoted the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Pretreatment with PSB1115 resulted in disease aggravation and higher levels of the proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α both in vivo and in vitro. And the effect of netrin-1 on inflammatory factors was abolished by PSB1115. Moreover, compared to the control treatment, exogenous netrin-1 significantly facilitated the proliferation and migration of HCECs. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 attenuates inflammation in C57BL/6 mice infected with A. fumigatus, and it may play this role via the receptor A2BAR. Additionally, netrin-1 can promote the proliferation and migration of HCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Pietrucha-Dutczak M, Amadio M, Govoni S, Lewin-Kowalik J, Smedowski A. The Role of Endogenous Neuroprotective Mechanisms in the Prevention of Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:834. [PMID: 30524222 PMCID: PMC6262299 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurons are not able to undergo spontaneous regeneration in response to damage. A variety of stressors, i.e., UV radiation, high temperature, ischemia, allergens, and others, induce reactive oxygen species production, resulting in consecutive alteration of stress-response gene expression and finally can lead to cell apoptosis. Neurons have developed their own endogenous cellular protective systems. Some of them are preventing cell death and others are allowing functional recovery after injury. The high efficiency of these mechanisms is crucial for cell survival. In this review we focus on the contribution of the most recently studied endogenous neuroprotective factors involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, among which, neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways, processes regulating the redox status, and different pathways regulating cell death are the most important. Additionally, we summarize currently ongoing clinical trials for therapies for RGC degeneration and optic neuropathies, including glaucoma. Knowledge of the endogenous cellular protective mechanisms may help in the development of effective therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets in order to achieve progress in the treatment of retinal and optic nerve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Pietrucha-Dutczak
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Yimer EM, Zewdie KA, Hishe HZ. Netrin as a Novel Biomarker and Its Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes-Associated Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8250521. [PMID: 30320139 PMCID: PMC6167572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8250521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome and is one of the shared long-lasting illnesses globally. It is linked to long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that contribute to disability, compromised quality of life, and reduction in lifespan, which eventually leads to death. This disease is not only incurring significant economic burden but also adversely affects the patients, caregivers, communities, and the society at large. The interruption of diabetes progress and its complications is a primary focus of scientific communities. In spite of various diagnostic modalities for diabetes, there is a limited marker to investigate the risk and progress of its complications. Netrin has recently received more attention as a biomarker of diabetes and a broader range of long-term complication. Therefore, the impetus of this review is to exhaustively discuss the role of Netrin as a potential biomarker and its therapeutic implication in diabetes and diverse sets of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also discourses the possible mechanisms of Netrin for the said pharmacological effect for a better understanding of the development and progression of diabetes and its complications in relation to this protein. It enables protective measures to be applied at the subclinical stage and the responses to preventive or therapeutic measures to be scrutinized. Besides, it might also facilitate the appraisal of novel therapeutic options for diabetes and various complications through modifying the endogenous Netrin and provide surrogate endpoints for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Zeru Hishe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
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