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Nocella C, D’Amico A, Cangemi R, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Mannacio E, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Sarto G, Simeone B, Rocco E, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Pignatelli P, Carnevale R. NOX2 as a Biomarker of Academic Performance: Evidence from University Students during Examination. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:551. [PMID: 38790656 PMCID: PMC11118804 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol levels, oxidative stress, and lower cerebral performance seem to be closely related. This study aimed to evaluate the question of whether exam stress affected oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters in the salivary samples of students. METHODS A total of 114 healthy students were recruited. All students were subjected to a 21-item DASS questionnaire to assess perceived stress. Cortisol levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and endothelial function were evaluated at T0, during the semester, and T1, in the morning before the exam, in saliva samples. In vitro, HUVECs were stimulated with cortisol, and oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters were evaluated. RESULTS At T1, cortisol levels were significantly increased compared with the levels during the semester. Moreover, exam results correlated inversely with the DASS score at T1. In addition, NOX2, H2O2 and endothelin-1 significantly increased, while NO bioavailability decreased. In vitro, HUVECs treatment with human cortisol determined the increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of endothelial function, in association with impaired eNOS phosphorylation. CONCLUSION NOX2-mediated oxidative stress is a mechanism that could mediate cortisol-induced transient endothelial dysfunction during academic examination. Therefore, strategies to monitor or modulate oxidative stress could help students to reduce the impact of examination-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Mannacio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Sarto
- Cardiology Division, ICOT, University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.S.); (B.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Beatrice Simeone
- Cardiology Division, ICOT, University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.S.); (B.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Erica Rocco
- Cardiology Division, ICOT, University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.S.); (B.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - SMiLe Group
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Course E, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
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2
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Manenti I, Viola I, Ala U, Cornale P, Macchi E, Toschi P, Martignani E, Baratta M, Miretti S. Adaptation Response in Sheep: Ewes in Different Cortisol Clusters Reveal Changes in the Expression of Salivary miRNAs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3273. [PMID: 37893997 PMCID: PMC10603754 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Farm procedures have an impact on animal welfare by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that induces a wide array of physiological responses. This adaptive system guarantees that the animal copes with environmental variations and it induces metabolic and molecular changes that can be quantified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of homeostasis and emerging evidence has identified circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers of stress-related disorders in animals. Based on a clustering analysis of salivary cortisol trends and levels, 20 ewes were classified into two different clusters. The introduction of a ram in the flock was identified as a common farm practice and reference time point to collect saliva samples. Sixteen miRNAs related to the adaptation response were selected. Among them, miR-16b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-99a, and miR-223 were amplified in saliva samples. Cluster 1 was characterized by a lower expression of miR-16b and miR-21 compared with Cluster 2 (p < 0.05). This study identified for the first time several miRNAs expressed in sheep saliva, pointing out significant differences in the expression patterns between the cortisol clusters. In addition, the trend analyses of these miRNAs resulted in clusters (p = 0.017), suggesting the possible cooperation of miR-16b and -21 in the integrated stress responses, as already demonstrated in other species as well. Other research to define the role of these miRNAs is needed, but the evaluation of the salivary miRNAs could support the selection of ewes for different profiles of response to sources of stressors common in the farm scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Animal Production Unit, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Paola Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
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3
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Lyons CE, Razzoli M, Bartolomucci A. The impact of life stress on hallmarks of aging and accelerated senescence: Connections in sickness and in health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105359. [PMID: 37586578 PMCID: PMC10592082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a risk factor for numerous aging-related diseases and has been shown to shorten lifespan in humans and other social mammals. Yet how life stress causes such a vast range of diseases is still largely unclear. In recent years, the impact of stress on health and aging has been increasingly associated with the dysregulation of the so-called hallmarks of aging. These are basic biological mechanisms that influence intrinsic cellular functions and whose alteration can lead to accelerated aging. Here, we review correlational and experimental literature (primarily focusing on evidence from humans and murine models) on the contribution of life stress - particularly stress derived from adverse social environments - to trigger hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence, sterile inflammation, telomere shortening, production of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and epigenetic changes. We also evaluate the validity of stress-induced senescence and accelerated aging as an etiopathological proposition. Finally, we highlight current gaps of knowledge and future directions for the field, and discuss perspectives for translational geroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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4
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Hicks SD, Zhu D, Sullivan R, Kannikeswaran N, Meert K, Chen W, Suresh S, Sethuraman U. Saliva microRNA Profile in Children with and without Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8175. [PMID: 37175883 PMCID: PMC10179619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may impair immune modulating host microRNAs, causing severe disease. Our objectives were to determine the salivary miRNA profile in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection at presentation and compare the expression in those with and without severe outcomes. Children <18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at two hospitals between March 2021 and February 2022 were prospectively enrolled. Severe outcomes included respiratory failure, shock or death. Saliva microRNAs were quantified with RNA sequencing. Data on 197 infected children (severe = 45) were analyzed. Of the known human miRNAs, 1606 (60%) were measured and compared across saliva samples. There were 43 miRNAs with ≥2-fold difference between severe and non-severe cases (adjusted p-value < 0.05). The majority (31/43) were downregulated in severe cases. The largest between-group differences involved miR-4495, miR-296-5p, miR-548ao-3p and miR-1273c. These microRNAs displayed enrichment for 32 gene ontology pathways including viral processing and transforming growth factor beta and Fc-gamma receptor signaling. In conclusion, salivary miRNA levels are perturbed in children with severe COVID-19, with the majority of miRNAs being down regulated. Further studies are required to validate and determine the utility of salivary miRNAs as biomarkers of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.D.H.)
| | - Dongxiao Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Rhea Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.D.H.)
| | - Nirupama Kannikeswaran
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kathleen Meert
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Population Science, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Srinivasan Suresh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Usha Sethuraman
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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5
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Nalavade R, Singh M. Intracellular Compartmentalization: A Key Determinant of MicroRNA Functions. Microrna 2023; 12:114-130. [PMID: 37638608 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230330184006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Being an integral part of the eukaryotic transcriptome, miRNAs are regarded as vital regulators of diverse developmental and physiological processes. Clearly, miRNA activity is kept in check by various regulatory mechanisms that control their biogenesis and decay pathways. With the increasing technical depth of RNA profiling technologies, novel insights have unravelled the spatial diversity exhibited by miRNAs inside a cell. Compartmentalization of miRNAs adds complexity to the regulatory circuits of miRNA expression, thereby providing superior control over the miRNA function. This review provides a bird's eye view of miRNAs expressed in different subcellular locations, thus affecting the gene regulatory pathways therein. Occurrence of miRNAs in diverse intracellular locales also reveals various unconventional roles played by miRNAs in different cellular organelles and expands the scope of miRNA functions beyond their traditionally known repressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Nalavade
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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6
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Yoshida Y, Yajima Y, Kawakami K, Nakamura SI, Tsukahara T, Oishi K, Toyoda A. Salivary microRNA and Metabolic Profiles in a Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214479. [PMID: 36430957 PMCID: PMC9692636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of early biomarkers of stress is important for preventing mood and anxiety disorders. Saliva is an easy-to-collect and non-invasive diagnostic target. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in salivary whole microRNAs (miRNAs) and metabolites in mice subjected to subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS). In this study, we identified seven upregulated and one downregulated miRNAs/PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) in the saliva of sCSDS mice. One of them, miR-208b-3p, which is reported as a reliable marker for myocardial infarction, was upregulated in the saliva of sCSDS mice. Histological analysis showed frequent myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the heart of such mice. In addition, gene ontology and pathway analyses suggested that the pathways related to energy metabolism, such as the oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway, were significantly related to the miRNAs affected by sCSDS in saliva. In contrast, salivary metabolites were not significantly changed in the sCSDS mice, which is consistent with our previous metabolomic study on the plasma of sCSDS mice. Taken in the light of previous studies, the present study provides novel potential stress biomarkers for future diagnosis using saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshida
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yajima
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kina Kawakami
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
| | | | | | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-888-8584; Fax: +81-29-888-8584
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7
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Karbownik MS, Hicks SD. The Association of Salivary Serotonin With Mood and Cardio-Autonomic Function: A Preliminary Report. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:788153. [PMID: 35711584 PMCID: PMC9193578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.788153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin plays an important role in mood regulation and depression. However, it is not clear whether the levels of serotonin in saliva are related to current mood. AIM To test the association of salivary serotonin concentrations with mood, as well as cardiovascular and autonomic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva samples were obtained from collegiate runners and output parameters were examined before and after physical activity. RESULTS Salivary serotonin concentration was negatively associated with current mood (β = -0.32, 95%CI -0.62 to -0.02, p = 0.037, analysis adjusted for potential confounders), but insignificantly with measured cardiovascular and autonomic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Salivary serotonin may reflect current mood. The results are preliminary and require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Daniel Hicks
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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8
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Monfared YK, Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Khodabandehloo E, Sarookhani MR, Hashemipour S, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Salivary microRNA-126 and 135a: a potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of type- 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1631-1638. [PMID: 34900814 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Emerging of miRNAs have illustrated the new mechanistic layer to regulate type 2 diabetes process and suggests a possible role of these RNAs in this defect. Thus, we designed this study to improve our understanding of salivary miRNA-126 and 135a expression utility as an easy of collection and non-invasive way in diabetic patients instead of blood sample. Methods This case-control study was done on T2D (n = 40) and healthy individuals (n = 40). The level of biochemical parameters were determined by enzymatic methods as well as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by immunoturbidimetry. We used the pooled whole stimulated saliva sample from cases and controls to assess the differentiation expression of miRNA 126 and 135-a with quantitative RT-PCR method. Unpaired Student's t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used. Results A correlation was observed between the level of HbA1c, glucose and lipid profiles (TG, TC, and LDL) in serum and whole stimulated saliva samples in T2D patients compared to control (p < 0.001). miR-135a expression was considerably higher by 4.7-fold in T2D compared to the control group (1.8-fold) (p < 0.001) while the miR126 expression was significantly decreased by 3.9-fold in T2D compared to the controls (6.3-fold) (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this case and control study showed that miR-135a and miR126 expression in saliva fluid as a reliable biomarkers and non-invasive approach in combination by change of lipid profiles, glucose and HbA1c may be used to monitor diabetic and non-diabetic patients, while further research is needed to investigate the relationship of these salivary miRNAs (miR135a, miR126) levels change on shifting the levels of clinical laboratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Dip. Di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elham Khodabandehloo
- B.Sc of Medical Laboratory sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Kim E, Zhao Z, Rzasa JR, Glassman M, Bentley WE, Chen S, Kelly DL, Payne GF. Association of acute psychosocial stress with oxidative stress: Evidence from serum analysis. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102138. [PMID: 34555595 PMCID: PMC8458980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates an association between psychosocial stress and oxidative stress (OxSt) although there are not yet reliable biomarkers to study this association. We used a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and compared the response of a healthy control group (HC; N=10) against the response of a schizophrenia group (SCZ; N=10) that is expected to have higher levels of OxSt. Because our previous study showed inconsistent changes in conventional molecular markers for stress responses in the neuroendocrine and immune systems, we analyzed the same serum samples using a separate reducing capacity assay that provides a more global measurement of OxSt. This assay uses the moderately strong oxidizing agent iridium (Ir) to probe a sample's reducing capacity. Specifically, we characterized OxSt by this Ir-reducing capacity assay (Ir-RCA) using two measurement modalities (optical and electrochemical) and we tuned this assay by imposing an input voltage sequence that generates multiple output metrics for data-driven analysis. We defined five OxSt metrics (one optical and four electrochemical metrics) and showed: (i) internal consistency among each metric in the measurements of all 40 samples (baseline and post TSST for N=20); (ii) all five metrics were consistent with expectations of higher levels of OxSt for the SCZ group (three individual metrics showed statistically significant differences); and (iii) all five metrics showed higher levels of OxSt Post-TSST (one metric showed statistically significant difference). Using multivariant analysis, we showed that combinations of OxSt metrics could discern statistically significant increases in OxSt for both the SCZ and HC groups 90 min after the imposed acute psychosocial stress. Ir-reducing capacity assay (Ir-RCA) provides a robust global measure of oxidative stress in serum. The multiple oxidative stress (OxSt) output metrics of this Ir-RCA are useful for data-driven analysis. The combination of OxSt metrics can discern significant increases in OxStwithin 90 mins of an imposed psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - John Robertson Rzasa
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Matthew Glassman
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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10
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Jurkiewicz MM, Mueller-Alcazar A, Moser DA, Jayatilaka I, Mikhailik A, Ferri J, Fogelman N, Canli T. Integrated microRNA and mRNA gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to acute psychosocial stress: a repeated-measures within-subject pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:222. [PMID: 34082815 PMCID: PMC8176593 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of psychosocial stress on a variety of negative health outcomes is well documented, with current research efforts directed at possible mechanisms. Here, we focused on a potential mechanism involving differential expression of mRNA and microRNA in response to acute psychosocial stress. We utilized a validated behavioral paradigm, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to induce acute psychosocial stress in a cohort of volunteers. Stress reactivity was assessed repeatedly during the TSST using saliva samples that were analyzed for levels of cortisol. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from blood drawn at baseline and at two time points following the stress paradigm. Total RNA was extracted, and mRNA and microRNA microarrays were utilized to assess within-subject changes in gene expression between baseline and the two post-stressor time points. RESULTS For microarray gene expression analysis, we focused on 12 participants who showed a robust cortisol response to the task, as an indicator of robust HPA-axis activation. We discovered a set of mRNAs and miRNAs that exhibited dynamic expression change in response to the TSST in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, further characterizing the link between psychosocial stress and cellular response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maria Jurkiewicz
- Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Personalized Genomic Medicine/Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anett Mueller-Alcazar
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Alexander Moser
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Indralatha Jayatilaka
- Deptartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly Mikhailik
- Deptartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Ferri
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Marshall Medical Center, Placerville, CA, USA
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Turhan Canli
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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11
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Markelova N, Glazunova O, Alikina O, Panyukov V, Shavkunov K, Ozoline O. Suppression of Escherichia coli Growth Dynamics via RNAs Secreted by Competing Bacteria. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:609979. [PMID: 33937321 PMCID: PMC8082180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.609979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of secreted RNAs, it has become apparent that the biological role of regulatory oligonucleotides likely goes beyond the borders of individual cells. However, the mechanisms of their action are still comprehended only in general terms and mainly for eukaryotic microRNAs, which can interfere with mRNAs even in distant recipient cells. It has recently become clear that bacterial cells lacking interference systems can also respond to eukaryotic microRNAs that have targets in their genomes. However, the question of whether bacteria can perceive information transmitted by oligonucleotides secreted by other prokaryotes remained open. Here we evaluated the fraction of short RNAs secreted by Escherichia coli during individual and mixed growth with Rhodospirillum rubrum or Prevotella copri, and found that in the presence of other bacteria E. coli tends to excrete oligonucleotides homologous to alien genomes. Based on this observation, we selected four RNAs secreted by either R. rubrum or P. copri, together with one E. coli-specific oligonucleotide. Both fragments of R. rubrum 23S-RNA suppressed the growth of E. coli. Of the two fragments secreted by P. copri, one abolished the stimulatory effect of E. coli RNA derived from the 3'-UTR of ProA mRNA, while the other inhibited bacterial growth only in the double-stranded state with complementary RNA. The ability of two RNAs secreted by cohabiting bacteria to enter E. coli cells was demonstrated using confocal microscopy. Since selected E. coli-specific RNA also affected the growth of this bacterium, we conclude that bacterial RNAs can participate in inter- and intraspecies signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Markelova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Glazunova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Alikina
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valeriy Panyukov
- Department of Structural and Functional Genomics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Konstantin Shavkunov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Department of Structural and Functional Genomics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Ozoline
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Department of Structural and Functional Genomics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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12
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Bozack AK, Colicino E, Rodosthenous R, Bloomquist TR, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Lee AG. Associations between maternal lifetime stressors and negative events in pregnancy and breast milk-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs in the programming of intergenerational stress mechanisms (PRISM) pregnancy cohort. Epigenetics 2021; 16:389-404. [PMID: 32777999 PMCID: PMC7996083 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1805677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress is associated with adverse child health. Breast milk microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in mother-infant biochemical communication during early-life programming. We leverage the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) pregnancy cohort to investigate associations between maternal stress and breast milk EV-microRNAs. Lifetime stress and negative life events (NLEs) during pregnancy were assessed using the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSCR) and the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised surveys, respectively. RNA was extracted from breast milk EVs (N = 80; collected 6.1 ± 5.9 weeks postnatally), and microRNAs were profiled using the TaqMan OpenArray Human miRNA panel. Associations between stress scores and detection (yes/no) of 173 microRNAs identified in 20-80% of samples were assessed using logistic regression; associations with expression levels of 205 EV-microRNAs identified in >50% of samples were assessed using linear regression. In adjusted models, detection of 60 and 44 EV-microRNAs was associated with higher LSCR and NLE scores, respectively (p < 0.05). Expression level of 8 and 17 EV-microRNAs was associated with LSCR and NLE scores, respectively, at our a priori criteria of p < 0.05 and |Bregression|>0.2. Enriched KEGG pathways for microRNAs associated with stress scores included fatty acid metabolism and the Hippo signaling pathway. Maternal lifetime stress and NLEs during pregnancy were both associated with detection and expression level of breast milk EV-microRNAs, although associations with microRNA profiles differed between stress measures. Further research is needed to identify biological pathways impacted by associated microRNAs and investigate relationships with child health outcomes.Abbreviations: EV: extracellular vesicle; PRISM: PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms pregnancy cohort; LSCR: Life Stressor Checklist-Revised survey; NLE: negative life event; CRISYS-R: Crisis in Family Systems-Revised survey; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes; NYC: New York City; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; Cq: relative cycle threshold values; PCA: principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Bozack
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tessa R. Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison G. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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13
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Janšáková K, Belica I, Rajčániová E, Rajčáni J, Kyselicová K, Celušáková H, Laznibatová J, Ostatníková D. The acute effect of psychosocial stress on the level of oxidative stress in children. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 161:86-90. [PMID: 33454319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chronic stress on oxidative stress (OS) is commonly discussed while the effect of acute stress situation is not fully examined yet. The present study was aimed to analyse whether acute psychosocial strain causes changes in OS and antioxidant status. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 46 healthy prepubertal children during the control and stress day. On the stress day, collection was performed before and after a stress situation induced by the Trier social stress test. Saliva collection during the control day imitated the stress day without the stress strain. Samples were used for analysis of lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and markers of antioxidant status, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). On the stress day, increased level of FRAP was observed in the second saliva collection in comparison with the first collection. Within the same day, no significant changes in the levels of TBARS, AGEs and TAC were observed in samples taken before and after stress strain. Significantly higher levels of TBARS were observed on stress day in comparison to control day. In summary, acute psychosocial stress caused increase of FRAP during the stress day. TBARS did not increase during the stress day in the second sample but it was higher compared to the control day. None of the interactions with gender were statistically significant. It appears the short-term exposure to stress could potentially stimulate antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Janšáková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivan Belica
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Rajčániová
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Trnava University in Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Rajčáni
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Kyselicová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Celušáková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jolana Laznibatová
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Ostatníková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Spellenberg C, Heusser P, Büssing A, Savelsbergh A, Cysarz D. Binary symbolic dynamics analysis to detect stress-associated changes of nonstationary heart rate variability. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15440. [PMID: 32963263 PMCID: PMC7509783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress may have harmful physiological effects and result in deteriorating health. Acute psychological stress acts also on cardiac autonomic regulation and may lead to nonstationarities in the interbeat interval series. We address the requirement of stationary RR interval series to calculate frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and use binary symbolic dynamics derived from RR interval differences to overcome this obstacle. 24 healthy subjects (12 female, 20–35 years) completed the following procedure: waiting period, Trier Social Stress Test to induce acute psychological stress, recovery period. An electrocardiogram was recorded throughout the procedure and HRV parameters were calculated for nine 5-min periods. Nonstationarities in RR interval series were present in all periods. During acute stress the average RR interval and SDNN decreased compared to rest before and after the stress test. Neither low frequency oscillations (LF), high frequency oscillations (HF) nor LF/HF could unambiguously reflect changes during acute stress in comparison to rest. Pattern categories derived from binary symbolic dynamics clearly identified acute stress and accompanying alterations of cardiac autonomic regulation. Methods based on RR interval differences like binary symbolic dynamics should be preferred to overcome issues related to nonstationarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Spellenberg
- Medical Anthropology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany.
| | - Peter Heusser
- Medical Anthropology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- Medical Anthropology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany.,Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Andreas Savelsbergh
- Division of Functional Genomics, Center for Biomedical Research and Education ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Dirk Cysarz
- Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany.,Physiologic Rhythm Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
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15
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Sessa F, Salerno M, Cipolloni L, Bertozzi G, Messina G, Mizio GD, Asmundo A, Pomara C. Anabolic-androgenic steroids and brain injury: miRNA evaluation in users compared to cocaine abusers and elderly people. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15314-15327. [PMID: 32756006 PMCID: PMC7467388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) can be used to treat both hormonal diseases and other pathologies characterized by muscle loss (aging, cancer, and AIDS). Even if the adverse effects related to the misuse of AASs have been well studied in different systems and apparatuses, knowledge about brain damage is poor.In this scenario, this experimental study aimed to analyze the role of several microRNAs (miRNAs) in brain damage after AAS misuse, to better comprehend the underlying mechanisms. The research hypothesis at the base of this experimental study is that the chronic use of AASs may be associated to brain damage with a dysregulation of these miRNAs. Moreover, miRNA expression values were compared among three different groups, "AAS" group, "Cocaine" group and "Aging" group, in order to define if AAS brain damage can be compared with the brain impairment linked to aging and/or cocaine assumption.This experimental study revealed that the tested miRNAs (hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-124-5p, hsa-miR-132-3p, and hsa-miR-144-3p) were overexpressed in all enrolled groups. In the light of the presented results, the identification of specific circulating and/or tissue biomarkers is challenging for the scientific community. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these interesting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Mizio
- Department of Legal, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, and of Morphological and Functional Images, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98121, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania 95121, Italy
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16
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Schaid DJ, Sinnwell JP. Penalized models for analysis of multiple mediators. Genet Epidemiol 2020; 44:408-424. [PMID: 32342572 PMCID: PMC7345511 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mediation analysis attempts to determine whether the relationship between an independent variable (e.g., exposure) and an outcome variable can be explained, at least partially, by an intermediate variable, called a mediator. Most methods for mediation analysis focus on one mediator at a time, although multiple mediators can be jointly analyzed by structural equation models (SEMs) that account for correlations among the mediators. We extend the use of SEMs for the analysis of multiple mediators by creating a sparse group lasso penalized model such that the penalty considers the natural groupings of parameters that determine mediation, as well as encourages sparseness of the model parameters. This provides a way to simultaneously evaluate many mediators and select those that have the most impact, a feature of modern penalized models. Simulations are used to illustrate the benefits and limitations of our approach, and application to a study of DNA methylation and reactive cortisol stress following childhood trauma discovered two novel methylation loci that mediate the association of childhood trauma scores with reactive cortisol stress levels. Our new methods are incorporated into R software called regmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jason P Sinnwell
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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A systematic review of the Trier Social Stress Test methodology: Issues in promoting study comparison and replicable research. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100235. [PMID: 33344691 PMCID: PMC7739033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its development in 1993, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) has been used widely as a psychosocial stress paradigm to activate the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) stress systems, stimulating physiological functions (e.g. heart rate) and cortisol secretion. Several methodological variations introduced over the years have led the scientific community to question replication between studies. In this systematic review, we used the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to synthesize procedure-related data available about the TSST protocol to highlight commonalities and differences across studies. We noted significant discrepancies across studies in how researchers applied the TSST protocol. In particular, we highlight variations in testing procedures (e.g., number of judges, initial number in the arithmetic task, time of the collected saliva samples for cortisol) and discuss possible misinterpretation in comparing findings from studies failing to control for variables or using a modified version from the original protocol. Further, we recommend that researchers use a standardized background questionnaire when using the TSST to identify factors that may influence physiological measurements in tandem with a summary of this review as a protocol guide. More systematic implementation and detailed reporting of TSST methodology will promote study replication, optimize comparison of findings, and foster an informed understanding of factors affecting responses to social stressors in healthy people and those with pathological conditions.
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18
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Roy B, Yoshino Y, Allen L, Prall K, Schell G, Dwivedi Y. Exploiting Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 24:279-298. [PMID: 32304043 PMCID: PMC7269874 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive peripheral biomarkers play a significant role in both disease diagnosis and progression. In the past few years, microRNA (miRNA) expression changes in circulating peripheral tissues have been found to be correlative with changes in neuronal tissues from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. This is a notable quality of a biomolecule to be considered as a biomarker for both prognosis and diagnosis of disease. miRNAs, members of the small non-coding RNA family, have recently gained significant attention due to their ability to epigenetically influence almost every aspect of brain functioning. Empirical evidence suggests that miRNA-associated changes in the brain are often translated into behavioral changes. Current clinical understanding further implicates their role in the management of major psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ). This review aims to critically evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in psychiatric disorders as well as in treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Roy
- Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorders Program, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorders Program, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lauren Allen
- Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorders Program, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kevin Prall
- Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorders Program, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Grant Schell
- Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorders Program, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorders Program, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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19
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Schiele MA, Gottschalk MG, Domschke K. The applied implications of epigenetics in anxiety, affective and stress-related disorders - A review and synthesis on psychosocial stress, psychotherapy and prevention. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 77:101830. [PMID: 32163803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly complex and multifactorial in origin, comprising an elaborate interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA modifications (e.g. CpG methylation), histone modifications (e.g. acetylation) and microRNAs function as a translator between genes and the environment. Indeed, environmental influences such as exposure to stress shape epigenetic patterns, and lifetime experiences continue to alter the function of the genome throughout the lifespan. Here, we summarize the recently burgeoning body of research regarding the involvement of aberrant epigenetic signatures in mediating an increased vulnerability to a wide range of mental disorders. We review the current knowledge of epigenetic changes to constitute useful markers predicting the clinical response to psychotherapeutic interventions, and of psychotherapy to alter - and potentially reverse - epigenetic risk patterns. Given first evidence pointing to a transgenerational transmission of epigenetic information, epigenetic alterations arising from successful psychotherapy might be transferred to future generations and thus contribute to the prevention of mental disorders. Findings are integrated into a multi-level framework highlighting challenges pertaining to the mechanisms of action and clinical implications of epigenetic research. Promising future directions regarding the prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment of mental disorders in line with a 'precision medicine' approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Gottschalk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Daiber A, Kröller-Schön S, Frenis K, Oelze M, Kalinovic S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Kuntic M, Bayo Jimenez MT, Helmstädter J, Steven S, Korac B, Münzel T. Environmental noise induces the release of stress hormones and inflammatory signaling molecules leading to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction-Signatures of the internal exposome. Biofactors 2019; 45:495-506. [PMID: 30937979 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental noise is a well-recognized health risk and part of the external exposome-the World Health Organization estimates that 1 million healthy life years are lost annually in Western Europe alone due to noise-related complications, including increased incidence of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Previous data suggest that noise works through two paired pathways in a proposed reaction model for noise exposure. As a nonspecific stressor, chronic low-level noise exposure can cause a disruption of sleep and communication leading to annoyance and subsequent sympathetic and endocrine stress responses leading to increased blood pressure, heart rate, stress hormone levels, and in particular more oxidative stress, being responsible for vascular dysfunction and representing changes of the internal exposome. Chronic stress generates cardiovascular risk factors on its own such as increased blood pressure, blood viscosity, blood glucose, and activation of blood coagulation. To this end, persistent chronic noise exposure increases cardiometabolic diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus type 2, and stroke. The present review discusses the mechanisms of the nonauditory noise-induced cardiovascular and metabolic consequences, focusing on mental stress signaling pathways, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and sympathetic nervous system, the association of these activations with inflammation, and the subsequent onset of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. © 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):495-506, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Pan T, Jia P, Chen N, Fang Y, Liang Y, Guo M, Ding X. Delayed Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ConfersRenoprotection against Septic Acute Kidney Injury via Exosomal miR-21. Theranostics 2019; 9:405-423. [PMID: 30809283 PMCID: PMC6376188 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a common and life-threatening systemic disorder, often leading to acute injury of multiple organs. Here, we show that remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), elicited by brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion in femoral arteries, provides protective effects against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: Limb rIPC was conducted on mice in vivo 24 h before the onset of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and serum exosomes derived from rIPC mice were infused into CLP-challenged recipients. In vitro, we extracted and identified exosomes from differentiated C2C12 cells (myotubes) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) preconditioning, and the exosomes were administered to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) or intravenously injected into CLP-challenged miR-21 knockout mice for rescue experiments. Results: Limb rIPC protected polymicrobial septic mice from multiple organ dysfunction, systemic accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and accelerated parenchymal cell apoptosis through upregulation of miR-21 in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner in the ischemic limbs of mice. However, in miR-21 knockout mice or mice that received HIF-1α siRNA injection into hind limb muscles, the organ protection conferred by limb rIPC was abolished. Mechanistically, we discovered that miR-21 was transported from preischemic limbs to remote organs via serum exosomes. In kidneys, the enhanced exosomal miR-21 derived from cultured myotubes with H/R or the serum of mice treated with rIPC integrated into renal tubular epithelial cells and then targeted the downstream PDCD4/NF-κB and PTEN/AKT pathways, exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and consequently attenuating sepsis-induced renal injury both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a critical role for exosomal miR-21 in renoprotection conferred by limb rIPC against sepsis and suggests that rIPC and exosomes might serve as the possible therapeutic strategies for sepsis-induced kidney injury.
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A New Insight into the Roles of MiRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7372636. [PMID: 30648107 PMCID: PMC6311798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7372636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which includes several clinical components such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, hypertension, proinflammatory state, and oxidative stress (OS), has become a global epidemic health issue contributing to a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs), used as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy, have aroused global interest in complex processes in health and diseases, including MetS and its components. MiRNAs can exist stably in serum, liver, skeletal muscle (SM), heart muscle, adipose tissue (AT), and βcells, because of their ability to escape the digestion of RNase. Here we first present an overall review on recent findings of the relationship between miRNAs and several main components of MetS, such as IR, obesity, diabetes, lipid metabolism, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and stress, to illustrate the targeting proteins or relevant pathways that are involved in the progress of MetS and also help us find promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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