1
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Guo X, Song J, Liu M, Ou X, Guo Y. The interplay between the tumor microenvironment and tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer development and therapeutic response. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2356831. [PMID: 38767879 PMCID: PMC11110713 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2356831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in tumor cell survival by profoundly influencing their proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles released by all cell types and often reflect the state of their parental cells and modulate other cells' functions through the various cargo they transport. Tumor-derived small EVs (TDSEVs) can transport specific proteins, nucleic acids and lipids tailored to propagate tumor signals and establish a favorable TME. Thus, the TME's biological characteristics can affect TDSEV heterogeneity, and this interplay can amplify tumor growth, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the interplay between TME and TDSEVs based on their biological characteristics and summarizes strategies for targeting cancer cells. Additionally, it reviews the current issues and challenges in this field to offer fresh insights into comprehending tumor development mechanisms and exploring innovative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ou
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Yongcan Guo
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
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2
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Mallaredy V, Roy R, Cheng Z, Gurrala CT, Benedict C, Truongcao M, Joladarashi D, Magadum A, Ibetti J, Cimini M, Gonzalez C, Garikipati VNS, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Tipifarnib Reduces Extracellular Vesicles and Protects From Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:280-297. [PMID: 38847080 PMCID: PMC11223950 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles, including small extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and their molecular cargo are known to modulate cell-to-cell communication during multiple cardiac diseases. However, the role of systemic extracellular vesicle biogenesis inhibition in HF models is not well documented and remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the role of circulating exosomes during cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in a mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model of HF. Importantly, we investigate the efficacy of tipifarnib, a recently identified exosome biogenesis inhibitor that targets the critical proteins (Rab27a [Ras associated binding protein 27a], nSMase2 [neutral sphingomyelinase 2], and Alix [ALG-2-interacting protein X]) involved in exosome biogenesis for this mouse model of HF. In this study, 10-week-old male mice underwent TAC surgery were randomly assigned to groups with and without tipifarnib treatment (10 mg/kg 3 times/wk) and monitored for 8 weeks, and a comprehensive assessment was conducted through performed echocardiographic, histological, and biochemical studies. RESULTS TAC significantly elevated circulating plasma exosomes and markedly increased cardiac left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Furthermore, injection of plasma exosomes from TAC mice induced left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in uninjured mice without TAC. On the contrary, treatment of tipifarnib in TAC mice reduced circulating exosomes to baseline and remarkably improved left ventricular functions, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Tipifarnib treatment also drastically altered the miRNA profile of circulating post-TAC exosomes, including miR 331-5p, which was highly downregulated both in TAC circulating exosomes and in TAC cardiac tissue. Mechanistically, miR 331-5p is crucial for inhibiting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by targeting HOXC8, a critical regulator of fibrosis. Tipifarnib treatment in TAC mice upregulated the expression of miR 331-5p that acts as a potent repressor for one of the fibrotic mechanisms mediated by HOXC8. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the pathological role of exosomes in HF and fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Tipifarnib-mediated inhibition of exosome biogenesis and cargo sorting may serve as a viable strategy to prevent progressive cardiac remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mallaredy
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Rajika Roy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charan Thej Gurrala
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Cindy Benedict
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - May Truongcao
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Maria Cimini
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Raj Kishore
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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3
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Ripoll-Viladomiu I, Prina-Mello A, Movia D, Marignol L. Extracellular vesicles and the "six Rs" in radiotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102799. [PMID: 38970839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Over half of patients with cancer receive radiation therapy during the course of their disease. Decades of radiobiological research have identified 6 parameters affecting the biological response to radiation referred to as the 6 "Rs": Repair, Radiosensitivity, Repopulation, Redistribution, Reoxygenation, and Reactivation of the anti-tumour immune response. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles whose multiple biological functions are increasingly documented. Here we discuss the evidence for a role of EVs in the orchestration of the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy. We highlight that EVs are involved in DNA repair mechanisms, modulation of cellular sensitivity to radiation, and facilitation of tumour repopulation. Moreover, EVs influence tumour reoxygenation dynamics, and play a pivotal role in fostering radioresistance. Last, we examine how EV-related strategies could be translated into novel strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ripoll-Viladomiu
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biology and Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Callan Building, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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4
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Parolini I, Degrassi M, Spadaro F, Caponnetto F, Fecchi K, Mastantuono S, Zhouyiyuan X, Demple B, Cesselli D, Tell G. Intraluminal vesicle trafficking is involved in the secretion of base excision repair protein APE1. FEBS J 2024; 291:2849-2875. [PMID: 38401056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) is an essential enzyme of the base excision repair pathway of non-distorting DNA lesions. In response to genotoxic treatments, APE1 is highly secreted (sAPE1) in association with small-extracellular vesicles (EVs). Interestingly, its presence in the serum of patients with hepatocellular or non-small-cell-lung cancers may represent a prognostic biomarker. The mechanism driving APE1 to associate with EVs is unknown, but is of paramount importance in better understanding the biological roles of sAPE1. Because APE1 lacks an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting signal peptide, it can be secreted through an unconventional protein secretion endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-independent pathway, which includes an endosome-based secretion of intraluminal vesicles, mediated by multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Using HeLa and A549 cell lines, we investigated the role of endosomal sorting complex required for transport protein pathways (either-dependent or -independent) in the constitutive or trichostatin A-induced secretion of sAPE1, by means of manumycin A and GW 4869 treatments. Through an in-depth biochemical analysis of late-endosomes (LEs) and early-endosomes (EEs), we observed that the distribution of APE1 on density gradient corresponded to that of LE-CD63, LE-Rab7, EE-EEA1 and EE-Rab 5. Interestingly, the secretion of sAPE1, induced by cisplatin genotoxic stress, involved an autophagy-based unconventional secretion requiring MVBs. The present study enlightens the central role played by MVBs in the secretion of sAPE1 under various stimuli, and offers new perspectives in understanding the biological relevance of sAPE1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Degrassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Core Facilities - Confocal Microscopy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caponnetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Katia Fecchi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Mastantuono
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Xue Zhouyiyuan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
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5
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Rai A, Claridge B, Lozano J, Greening DW. The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy. Circ Res 2024; 135:198-221. [PMID: 38900854 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing their natural capacity to transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at the precipice as a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool to revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides a snapshot of the discovery of EVs to their emergence as a vibrant field of biology and the renaissance they usher in the field of biomedical sciences as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development of bioengineered EVs is providing innovative opportunities to overcome biological challenges of natural EVs such as potency, cargo loading and enhanced secretion, targeting and circulation half-life, localized and sustained delivery strategies, approaches to enhance systemic circulation, uptake and lysosomal escape, and logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, and time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond the field of biology now extends to chemistry, physics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, allowing rapid development of designer therapeutic EVs that are now entering late-stage human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
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6
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Asimaki K, Vazakidou P, van Tol HTA, van Duursen MBM, Gadella BM. Ketoconazole blocks progesterone production without affecting other parameters of cumulus-oocyte complex maturation. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108637. [PMID: 38876429 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KTZ) is widely used as a fungicide, but it is also known to target steroid hormone formation which may affect female reproductive health. Our study aims to investigate the effects of KTZ on in vitro matured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), as a model for female reproductive toxicity. Cumulus cells of in vitro maturing COCs produce progesterone and pregnenolone, but exposure to 10-6 M KTZ effectively blocked the synthesis of these hormones. Exposure to lower concentrations of KTZ (i.e. 10-7 M and 10-8 M) had no such effect on steroidogenesis compared to the 0.1 % v/v DMSO vehicle control. Classical parameters of in vitro COC maturation, such as oocyte nuclear maturation to the metaphase II stage and expansion of the cumulus investment, were not affected by any KTZ concentration tested. Apoptosis and necrosis levels were also not altered in cumulus cells or oocytes exposed to KTZ. Moreover, oocytes exposed to KTZ during maturation showed normal cleavage and early embryo development up to day 8 post fertilization; albeit a statistically significant decrease was observed in day 8 blastocysts produced from oocytes exposed to the lowest concentration of 10-8 M KTZ. When unexposed mature oocytes were fertilized, followed by embryo culture for 8 days under KTZ exposure, no adverse effects in embryo cleavage and blastocyst formation were observed. In conclusion, KTZ has no major impact on in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and blastocyst formation in our study, even at concentrations blocking steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asimaki
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Vazakidou
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H T A van Tol
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M B M van Duursen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B M Gadella
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Bhavsar D, Raguraman R, Kim D, Ren X, Munshi A, Moore K, Sikavitsas V, Ramesh R. Exosomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:113. [PMID: 38796525 PMCID: PMC11127348 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other female reproductive tract cancer. The major reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnoses and drug resistance. Hence, improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are a pressing need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), that include exosomes provide hope in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. They are natural lipid nanovesicles secreted by all cell types and carry molecules that reflect the status of the parent cell. This facilitates their potential use as biomarkers for an early diagnosis. Additionally, EVs can be loaded with exogenous cargo, and have features such as high stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This makes them ideal for tumor-targeted delivery of biological moieties. The International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) based on the Minimal Information for Studies on Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) recommends the usage of the term "small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)" that includes exosomes for particles that are 30-200 nm in size. However, majority of the studies reported in the literature and relevant to this review have used the term "exosomes". Therefore, this review will use the term "exosomes" interchangeably with sEVs for consistency with the literature and avoid confusion to the readers. This review, initially summarizes the different isolation and detection techniques developed to study ovarian cancer-derived exosomes and the potential use of these exosomes as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of this devastating disease. It addresses the role of exosome contents in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, discusses strategies to limit exosome-mediated ovarian cancer progression, and provides options to use exosomes for tumor-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. Finally, it states future research directions and recommends essential research needed to successfully transition exosomes from the laboratory to the gynecologic-oncology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Bhavsar
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N, Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N, Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vassilios Sikavitsas
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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8
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Shams SGE, Ocampo RJ, Rahman S, Makhlouf MM, Ali J, Elnashar MM, Ebrahim HL, Abd Elmageed ZY. Decoding the secrets of small extracellular vesicle communications: exploring the inhibition of vesicle-associated pathways and interception strategies for cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1957-1980. [PMID: 38859839 PMCID: PMC11162651 DOI: 10.62347/jwmx3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2023, about 2 million new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The driving forces of cancer progression and metastasis are widely varied and comprise multifactorial events. Although there is significant success in treating cancer, patients still present with tumors at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of novel oncologic pathways has been widely developed. Tumor cells communicate with each other through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which contribute to tumor-stromal interaction and promote tumor growth and metastasis. sEV-specific inhibitors are being investigated as a next-generation cancer therapy. A literature search was conducted to discuss different options for targeting sEV pathways in cancer cells. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed in targeting sEVs: i) specificity and toxicity of sEV inhibitor, ii) targeted delivery of sEV inhibitors, iii) combination of sEV inhibitors with current standard chemotherapy to improve patients' clinical outcomes, and iv) data reproducibility and applicability at distinct levels of the disease. Despite these challenges, sEV inhibitors have immense potential for effectively treating cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams GE Shams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Ron-Joseph Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Sanna Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Maysoon M Makhlouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Jihad Ali
- School of Medicine, Medipol UniversityKavacik, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdy M Elnashar
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hassan L Ebrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
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9
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Shahi S, Kang T, Fonseka P. Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology: A Prudent Target That Requires Careful Consideration. Cells 2024; 13:754. [PMID: 38727289 PMCID: PMC11083420 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells to perform multitudes of biological functions. Owing to their significant implications in diseases, the pathophysiological role of EVs continues to be extensively studied, leading research to neglect the need to explore their role in normal physiology. Despite this, many identified physiological functions of EVs, including, but not limited to, tissue repair, early development and aging, are attributed to their modulatory role in various signaling pathways via intercellular communication. EVs are widely perceived as a potential therapeutic strategy for better prognosis, primarily through utilization as a mode of delivery vehicle. Moreover, disease-associated EVs serve as candidates for the targeted inhibition by pharmacological or genetic means. However, these attempts are often accompanied by major challenges, such as off-target effects, which may result in adverse phenotypes. This renders the clinical efficacy of EVs elusive, indicating that further understanding of the specific role of EVs in physiology may enhance their utility. This review highlights the essential role of EVs in maintaining cellular homeostasis under different physiological settings, and also discusses the various aspects that may potentially hinder the robust utility of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.S.); (T.K.)
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10
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Lee YJ, Shin KJ, Chae YC. Regulation of cargo selection in exosome biogenesis and its biomedical applications in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:877-889. [PMID: 38580812 PMCID: PMC11059157 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are increasingly recognized as potent mediators of intercellular communication due to their capacity to transport a diverse array of bioactive molecules. They assume vital roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and hold significant promise as emerging disease biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes encompass specific groups of membrane proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, cytosolic proteins, and other signaling molecules within their interior. These cargo molecules dictate targeting specificity and functional roles upon reaching recipient cells. Despite our growing understanding of the significance of exosomes in diverse biological processes, the molecular mechanisms governing the selective sorting and packaging of cargo within exosomes have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize current insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the sorting of various molecules into exosomes, the resulting biological functions, and potential clinical applications, with a particular emphasis on their relevance in cancer and other diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the loading processes and mechanisms involved in exosome cargo sorting is essential for uncovering the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes, identifying therapeutic targets, and advancing the clinical development of exosome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, KAIST Stem Cell Center, Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Wu Y, Fu H, Hao J, Yang Z, Qiao X, Li Y, Zhao R, Lin T, Wang Y, Wang M. Tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1: a new perspective in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342728. [PMID: 38562933 PMCID: PMC10982384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication within organisms. Emerging evidence indicates that a distinct variant of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), found on the surface of exosomes, may be responsible for orchestrating systemic immunosuppression that counteracts the efficacy of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint therapy. Specifically, the presence of PD-L1 on exosomes enables them to selectively target PD-1 on the surface of CD8+ T cells, leading to T cell apoptosis and impeding T cell activation or proliferation. This mechanism allows tumor cells to evade immune pressure during the effector stage. Furthermore, the quantification of exosomal PD-L1 has the potential to serve as an indicator of the dynamic interplay between tumors and immune cells, thereby suggesting the promising utility of exosomes as biomarkers for both cancer diagnosis and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. The emergence of exosomal PD-L1 inhibitors as a viable approach for anti-tumor treatment has garnered significant attention. Depleting exosomal PD-L1 may serve as an effective adjunct therapy to mitigate systemic immunosuppression. This review aims to elucidate recent insights into the role of exosomal PD-L1 in the field of immune oncology, emphasizing its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Huichao Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwei Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Tie Lin
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
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12
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Cheng X, Henick BS, Cheng K. Anticancer Therapy Targeting Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6748-6765. [PMID: 38393984 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural lipid nanoparticles secreted by most types of cells. In malignant cancer, EVs derived from cancer cells contribute to its progression and metastasis by facilitating tumor growth and invasion, interfering with anticancer immunity, and establishing premetastasis niches in distant organs. In recent years, multiple strategies targeting cancer-derived EVs have been proposed to improve cancer patient outcomes, including inhibiting EV generation, disrupting EVs during trafficking, and blocking EV uptake by recipient cells. Developments in EV engineering also show promising results in harnessing cancer-derived EVs as anticancer agents. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the origin and functions of cancer-derived EVs and review the recent progress in anticancer therapy targeting these EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Brian S Henick
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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13
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Freag MS, Mohammed MT, Kulkarni A, Emam HE, Maremanda KP, Elzoghby AO. Modulating tumoral exosomes and fibroblast phenotype using nanoliposomes augments cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3074. [PMID: 38416824 PMCID: PMC10901379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells program fibroblasts into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a two-step manner. First, cancer cells secrete exosomes to program quiescent fibroblasts into activated CAFs. Second, cancer cells maintain the CAF phenotype via activation of signal transduction pathways. We rationalized that inhibiting this two-step process can normalize CAFs into quiescent fibroblasts and augment the efficacy of immunotherapy. We show that cancer cell-targeted nanoliposomes that inhibit sequential steps of exosome biogenesis and release from lung cancer cells block the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into CAFs. In parallel, we demonstrate that CAF-targeted nanoliposomes that block two distinct nodes in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can reverse activate CAFs into quiescent fibroblasts. Co-administration of both nanoliposomes significantly improves the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and enhances the antitumor efficacy of αPD-L1 in immunocompetent lung cancer-bearing mice. Simultaneously blocking the tumoral exosome-mediated activation of fibroblasts and FGFR-Wnt/β-catenin signaling constitutes a promising approach to augment immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S. Freag
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Investigative Toxicology, Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mostafa T. Mohammed
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Anatomical and Clinical Pathology Department, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpita Kulkarni
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagar E. Emam
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna P. Maremanda
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Keysberg C, Hertel O, Hoffrogge R, Reich S, Hornung N, Holzmann K, Otte K. Hyperthermic shift and cell engineering increase small extracellular vesicle production in HEK293F cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:942-958. [PMID: 38037755 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have promising features as an emerging therapeutic format for a broad spectrum of applications, for example, blood-brain-barrier permeability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery, economic manufacturability will be a crucial factor for the therapeutic applicability of sEVs. In the past, bioprocess optimization and cell line engineering improved titers of classical biologics multifold. We therefore performed a design of experiments (DoE) screening to identify beneficial bioprocess conditions for sEV production in HEK293F suspension cells. Short-term hyperthermia at 40°C elevated volumetric productivity 5.4-fold while sEVs displayed improved exosomal characteristics and cells retained >90% viability. Investigating the effects of hyperthermia via transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, an expectable, cellular heat-shock response was found together with an upregulation of many exosome biogenesis and vesicle trafficking related molecules, which could cause the productivity boost in tandem with heat shock proteins (HSPs), like HSP90 and HSC70. Because of these findings, a selection of 44 genes associated with exosome biogenesis, vesicle secretion machinery, or heat-shock response was screened for their influence on sEV production. Overexpression of six genes, CHMP1A, CHMP3, CHMP5, VPS28, CD82, and EZR, significantly increased both sEV secretion and titer, making them suitable targets for cell line engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keysberg
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine (IGradU), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Hertel
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Raimund Hoffrogge
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sibylle Reich
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nadine Hornung
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology (IAB), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
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15
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Ipinmoroti AO, Pandit R, Crenshaw BJ, Sims B, Matthews QL. Human adenovirus type 3 restores pharmacologically inhibited exosomal cargo in lung carcinoma cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339862. [PMID: 38449802 PMCID: PMC10915030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Drug repurposing is fast growing and becoming an attractive approach for identifying novel targets, such as exosomes for cancer and antiviral therapy. Exosomes are a specialized class of extracellular vesicles that serve as functional mediators in intercellular communication and signaling that are important in normal physiological functions. A continuously growing body of evidence has established a correlation between the abnormal release of exosomes with various viral disease pathologies including cancer. Cells that are virus-infected release exosomes known to influence the process via the loading and transfer of viral components, such as miRNA, small (s) RNA, DNA, and proteins. Inhibition of exosome release may abate the spread and severity of viral infection, thus making exosomes an attractive target for antiviral therapies. We previously demonstrated the pharmacological inhibition of exosomes. Methods: Herein, we used a cell-based assay to determine the effect of Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV3) on the exosome inhibition process by azole and Heparin derivatives. HAdV3-infected cells were treated with two concentrations of each inhibitor at different time points. Results: HAdV3 activities led to increased total sRNA, DNA, and exosome particle concentrations via particle tracking in the presence of Climbazole and Heparin relative to uninfected exosomes. In addition, there was an increased expression of classical markers such as ALG-2 interacting protein X (ALIX), and tetraspanin (CD63), (p < 0.05) and upregulated transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 8 in the presence of HAdV3 after 24 hours (h) of treatment. Whereas higher concentrations of Climbazole and Heparin sodium salt were found to inhibit total exosome protein (p < 0.001) and exo-RNA (p < 0.01) content even in the presence of HAdV3 relative to infected exosomes only. Activities of HAdV3 in the presence of selected inhibitors resulted in the positive regulation of exosome related DNA damage/repair signaling proteins. Blocking exosome secretion partially obstructed viral entry. Immunological studies revealed that HAdV3 fiber protein levels in A549 cells were reduced at all concentrations of Climbazole and Heparin and both multiplicities of infections (p < 0.001). Discussion: Our findings suggest that while HAdV may bolster inhibited exosome content and release when modulating certain activities of the endosomal pathway mediators, HAdV entry might be constrained by the activities of these pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachana Pandit
- Microbiology Program, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | | | - Brian Sims
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Qiana L. Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
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16
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Liguori GL. Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry. Cells 2024; 13:336. [PMID: 38391949 PMCID: PMC10886570 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp and colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it is evident nowadays that the extreme intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as the invasiveness and tendency to recur, of GB are not compatible with a routine and unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes the main challenges in the search for new valuable therapies for GB and focuses on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation may have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and filled with functional cellular content that are released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communication. Furthermore, EVs are stable in body fluids and well tolerated by the immune system, and are able to cross physiological, interspecies, and interkingdom barriers and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be ideal allies in the fight against GB and to improve the prognosis for GB patients. The present work describes the main preclinical results obtained so far on the use of EVs for GB treatment, focusing on both the EV sources and molecular cargo used in the various functional studies, primarily in vivo. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed, highlighting the main advantages and pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies. The analysis also suggests the main directions to explore to realize the possibility of exploiting EVs for the treatment of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
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17
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Zhang C, Qin C, Dewanjee S, Bhattacharya H, Chakraborty P, Jha NK, Gangopadhyay M, Jha SK, Liu Q. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer invasion and metastasis: molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38243280 PMCID: PMC10797874 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The production and release of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDSEVs) from cancerous cells play a pivotal role in the propagation of cancer, through genetic and biological communication with healthy cells. TDSEVs are known to orchestrate the invasion-metastasis cascade via diverse pathways. Regulation of early metastasis processes, pre-metastatic niche formation, immune system regulation, angiogenesis initiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, immune modulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are among the pathways regulated by TDSEVs. MicroRNAs (miRs) carried within TDSEVs play a pivotal role as a double-edged sword and can either promote metastasis or inhibit cancer progression. TDSEVs can serve as excellent markers for early detection of tumors, and tumor metastases. From a therapeutic point of view, the risk of cancer metastasis may be reduced by limiting the production of TDSEVs from tumor cells. On the other hand, TDSEVs represent a promising approach for in vivo delivery of therapeutic cargo to tumor cells. The present review article discusses the recent developments and the current views of TDSEVs in the field of cancer research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
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18
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Pirouzpanah MB, Babaie S, Pourzeinali S, Valizadeh H, Malekeh S, Şahin F, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38205673 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Malekeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Liu L, Jiang D, Bai S, Zhang X, Kang Y. Research progress of exosomes in drug resistance of breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1214648. [PMID: 38239920 PMCID: PMC10794616 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Since breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, there are currently a variety of treatment methods available, including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. Breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, despite many treatment modalities, constitute a considerable threat to patients' survival time and pose a clinical challenge that is difficult to tackle precisely. Exosomes have a very special and crucial role in the treatment of drug resistance in breast cancer as a carrier of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes and breast cancer treatment resistance have been linked in a growing number of clinical investigations in recent years. This paper covers the status of research on exosomes in the treatment of breast cancer drug resistance and offers theoretical guidance for investigating new strategies to treat breast cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Daqing Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Bai
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Li J, Lin A, Jiang R, Chen P, Xu C, Hou Y. Exosomes-mediated drug delivery for the treatment of myocardial injury. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:292-299. [PMID: 38222684 PMCID: PMC10783224 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become a major cause of death worldwide. Myocardial injury (MI) caused by myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and drug overdose can lead to impaired cardiac function, culminating in serious consequences such as angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Exosomes exhibit high biocompatibility and target specificity, rendering them an important non-cellular therapy for improving MI. Exosomes are diminutive vesicles that encapsulate nucleic acids and proteins. Exosomes derived from cardiac stem cells themselves have therapeutic effects, and they can also serve as carriers to deliver therapeutic drugs to recipient cells, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect. The molecules within exosomes are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer, allowing them to stably exist in body fluids without being affected by nucleases. Therefore, the utilization of exosomes as drug delivery systems (DDS) for disease treatment has been extensively investigated and is currently undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of exosomes on MI and provides an overview of current research progress on their use as DDS in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College
| | - Aiqin Lin
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College
| | - Rui Jiang
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College
| | | | - Chengyang Xu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College
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21
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Alam MR, Rahman MM, Li Z. The link between intracellular calcium signaling and exosomal PD-L1 in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:321-334. [PMID: 37588227 PMCID: PMC10425812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA, RNA, DNA fragments, and proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. Tumor cells release exosomes to reprogram the factors associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) causing tumor metastasis and immune escape. Emerging evidence revealed that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry immune inhibitory molecule program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) that binds with receptor program death protein 1 (PD-1) and promote tumor progression by escaping immune response. Currently, some FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are clinically used for cancer treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Despite notable treatment outcomes, some patients show poor drug response. Exosomal PD-L1 plays a vital role in lowering the treatment response, showing resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy through recapitulating the effect of cell surface PD-L1. To enhance therapeutic response, inhibition of exosomal PD-L1 is required. Calcium signaling is the central regulator of tumorigenesis and can regulate exosome biogenesis and secretion by modulating Rab GTPase family and membrane fusion factors. Immune checkpoints are also connected with calcium signaling and calcium channel blockers like amlodipine, nifedipine, lercanidipine, diltiazem, and verapamil were also reported to suppress cellular PD-L1 expression. Therefore, to enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy response, the reduction of exosomal PD-L1 secretion from cancer cells is in our therapeutic consideration. In this review, we proposed a therapeutic strategy by targeting calcium signaling to inhibit the expression of PD-L1-containing exosome levels that could reduce the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance and increase the patient's drug response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakibul Alam
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2H7, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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22
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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23
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Testa A, Quaglia F, Naranjo NM, Verrillo CE, Shields CD, Lin S, Pickles MW, Hamza DF, Von Schalscha T, Cheresh DA, Leiby B, Liu Q, Ding J, Kelly WK, Hooper DC, Corey E, Plow EF, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Targeting the αVβ3/NgR2 pathway in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Matrix Biol 2023; 124:49-62. [PMID: 37956856 PMCID: PMC10823877 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly aggressive, metastatic, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which typically develops from prostate cancer cells acquiring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, is associated with limited treatment options and hence poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that the αVβ3 integrin is over-expressed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. We now show that LM609, a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the human αVβ3 integrin, hinders the growth of neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Our group has recently identified a novel αVβ3 integrin binding partner, NgR2, responsible for regulating the expression of neuroendocrine markers and for inducing neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. Through in vitro functional assays, we here demonstrate that NgR2 is crucial in promoting cell adhesion to αVβ3 ligands. Moreover, we describe for the first time co-fractionation of αVβ3 integrin and NgR2 in small extracellular vesicles derived from metastatic prostate cancer patients' plasma. These prostate cancer patient-derived small extracellular vesicles have a functional impact on human monocytes, increasing their adhesion to fibronectin. The monocytes incubated with small extracellular vesicles do not show an associated change in conventional polarization marker expression and appear to be in an early stage that may be defined as "adhesion competent". Overall, these findings allow us to better understand integrin-directed signaling and cell-cell communication during cancer progression. Furthermore, our results pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives for patients affected by neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Testa
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole M Naranjo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia E Verrillo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher D Shields
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Lin
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maxwell W Pickles
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Drini F Hamza
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tami Von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Spanos M, Gokulnath P, Chatterjee E, Li G, Varrias D, Das S. Expanding the horizon of EV-RNAs: LncRNAs in EVs as biomarkers for disease pathways. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE 2023; 2:100025. [PMID: 38188000 PMCID: PMC10768935 DOI: 10.1016/j.vesic.2023.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles with different types of cargo released by cells and postulated to mediate functions such as intercellular communications. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) or their fragments are present as cargo within EVs. LncRNAs are a heterogeneous group of RNA species with a length exceeding 200 nucleotides with diverse functions in cells based on their localization. While lncRNAs are known for their important functions in cellular regulation, their presence and role in EVs have only recently been explored. While certain studies have observed EV-lncRNAs to be tissue-and disease-specific, it remains to be determined whether or not this is a global observation. Nonetheless, these molecules have demonstrated promising potential to serve as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of EV-derived lncRNAs in several prevalent diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific focus on their role as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Varrias
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Jacobi Medical Center, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Wang T, Zhang H. Exploring the roles and molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in the sorting of noncoding RNAs into exosomes during tumor progression. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00368-5. [PMID: 38030125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a role in sorting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into exosomes. These ncRNAs, carried by exosomes, are involved in regulating various aspects of tumor progression, including metastasis, angiogenesis, control of the tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the RBP-ncRNA-exosome mechanism in tumor regulation. AIM OF REVIEW This comprehensive review aims to explore the RBP-ncRNA-exosome mechanism and its influence on tumor development. By understanding this intricate mechanism provides novel insights into tumor regulation and may lead to innovative treatment strategies in the future. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review discusses the formation of exosomes and the complex relationships among RBPs, ncRNAs, and exosomes. The RBP-ncRNA-exosome mechanism is shown to affect various aspects of tumor biology, including metastasis, multidrug resistance, angiogenesis, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and tumor progression. Tumor development relies on the transmission of information between cells, with RBPs selectively mediating sorting of ncRNAs into exosomes through various mechanisms, which in turn carry ncRNAs to regulate RBPs. The review also provides an overview of potential therapeutic strategies, such as targeted drug discovery and genetic engineering for modifying therapeutic exosomes, which hold great promise for improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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26
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Lei Z, Jiang H, Liu J, Liu Y, Wu D, Sun C, Du Q, Wang L, Wu G, Wang S, Zhang X. Audible Acoustic Wave Promotes EV Formation and Secretion from Adherent Cancer Cells via Mechanical Stimulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53859-53870. [PMID: 37909306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential in the field of cancer metastasis research. However, inefficient EV biofabrication has become a barrier to large-scale research on cancer-derived EVs. Here, we presented a novel method to enhance the biofabrication of cancer-derived EVs via audible acoustic wave (AAW), which yielded mechanical stimuli, including surface acoustic pressure and surface stress. Compared to EV yield in conventional static culture, AAW increased the number of cancer-derived EVs by up to 2.5-folds within 3 days. Furthermore, cancer-derived EVs under AAW stimulation exhibited morphology, size, and zeta potential comparable to EVs generated in conventional static culture, and more importantly, they showed the capability to promote cancer cell migration and invasion under both 2D and 3D culture conditions. Additionally, the elevation in EV biofabrication correlated with the activation of the ESCRT pathway and upregulation of membrane fusion-associated proteins (RAB family, SNARE family, RHO family) in response to AAW stimulation. We believe that AAW represents an attractive approach to achieving high-quantity and high-quality production of EVs and that it has the potential to enhance EV biofabrication from other cell types, thereby facilitating EV-based scientific and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Lei
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Fuyang Tumor Hospital, Yingzhou District146 Hebin East Rd, Fuyang 236048, China
| | - Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenwei Sun
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qijun Du
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liangwen Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu 641400, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu 641400, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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27
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Pericoli G, Galardi A, Paolini A, Petrilli LL, Pepe G, Palma A, Colletti M, Ferretti R, Giorda E, Levi Mortera S, Burford A, Carai A, Mastronuzzi A, Mackay A, Putignani L, Jones C, Pascucci L, Peinado H, Helmer-Citterich M, de Billy E, Masotti A, Locatelli F, Di Giannatale A, Vinci M. Inhibition of exosome biogenesis affects cell motility in heterogeneous sub-populations of paediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:207. [PMID: 37957701 PMCID: PMC10641969 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric-type diffuse High-Grade Gliomas (PDHGG) are highly heterogeneous tumours which include distinct cell sub-populations co-existing within the same tumour mass. We have previously shown that primary patient-derived and optical barcoded single-cell-derived clones function as interconnected networks. Here, we investigated the role of exosomes as a route for inter-clonal communication mediating PDHGG migration and invasion. RESULTS A comprehensive characterisation of seven optical barcoded single-cell-derived clones obtained from two patient-derived cell lines was performed. These analyses highlighted extensive intra-tumour heterogeneity in terms of genetic and transcriptional profiles between clones as well as marked phenotypic differences including distinctive motility patterns. Live single-cell tracking analysis of 3D migration and invasion assays showed that the single-cell-derived clones display a higher speed and longer travelled distance when in co-culture compared to mono-culture conditions. To determine the role of exosomes in PDHGG inter-clonal cross-talks, we isolated exosomes released by different clones and characterised them in terms of marker expression, size and concentration. We demonstrated that exosomes are actively internalized by the cells and that the inhibition of their biogenesis, using the phospholipase inhibitor GW4689, significantly reduced the cell motility in mono-culture and more prominently when the cells from the clones were in co-culture. Analysis of the exosomal miRNAs, performed with a miRNome PCR panel, identified clone-specific miRNAs and a set of miRNA target genes involved in the regulation of cell motility/invasion/migration. These genes were found differentially expressed in co-culture versus mono-culture conditions and their expression levels were significantly modulated upon inhibition of exosome biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study highlights for the first time a key role for exosomes in the inter-clonal communication in PDHGG and suggests that interfering with the exosome biogenesis pathway may be a valuable strategy to inhibit cell motility and dissemination for these specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pericoli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Galardi
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Multifactorial and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferretti
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Core Facilities research laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Levi Mortera
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Burford
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Andrea Carai
- Oncological Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alan Mackay
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Jones
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hector Peinado
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emmanuel de Billy
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Multifactorial and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Dong S, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Role of extracellular vesicle in human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16203-16212. [PMID: 37668793 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a gynecological malignant tumor and a serious threat to women's health. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the occurrence of cervical cancer are known to be closely related, the underlying carcinogenic mechanism of HPV is not fully understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found in a variety of body fluids and play an important role in both intercellular communication and cancer progression. Furthermore, the presence of EVs makes liquid biopsy of cervical cancer possible. The study of EVs in cervical cancer can provide clinical ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to summarizes the role of EV contents in HPV-associated cervical cancer and discusses the possible clinical application of EVs in cervical cancer treatment. METHODS The search terms included the following: HPV with cervical cancer and extracellular vesicles. The initial literature search ended on March 1, 2023. CONCLUSIONS In HPV-positive cervical cancer, EV contents are changed due to the presence of HPV. HPV-positive cervical cancer affects the cell microenvironment and other surrounding cells through the secretion of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China.
| | - Yankui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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29
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Chiang CL, Ma Y, Hou YC, Pan J, Chen SY, Chien MH, Zhang ZX, Hsu WH, Wang X, Zhang J, Li H, Sun L, Fallen S, Lee I, Chen XY, Chu YS, Zhang C, Cheng TS, Jiang W, Kim BYS, Reategui E, Lee R, Yuan Y, Liu HC, Wang K, Hsiao M, Huang CYF, Shan YS, Lee AS, James Lee L. Dual targeted extracellular vesicles regulate oncogenic genes in advanced pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6692. [PMID: 37872156 PMCID: PMC10593751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumours carry multiple gene mutations and respond poorly to treatments. There is currently an unmet need for drug carriers that can deliver multiple gene cargoes to target high solid tumour burden like PDAC. Here, we report a dual targeted extracellular vesicle (dtEV) carrying high loads of therapeutic RNA that effectively suppresses large PDAC tumours in mice. The EV surface contains a CD64 protein that has a tissue targeting peptide and a humanized monoclonal antibody. Cells sequentially transfected with plasmid DNAs encoding for the RNA and protein of interest by Transwell®-based asymmetric cell electroporation release abundant targeted EVs with high RNA loading. Together with a low dose chemotherapy drug, Gemcitabine, dtEVs suppress large orthotopic PANC-1 and patient derived xenograft tumours and metastasis in mice and extended animal survival. Our work presents a clinically accessible and scalable way to produce abundant EVs for delivering multiple gene cargoes to large solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ling Chiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Junjie Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sin-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | | | - Inyoul Lee
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Shiu Chu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tai-Shan Cheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduardo Reategui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Robert Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Hsiao-Chun Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Andrew S Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Chemical Biology and Biochemistry, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - L James Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Spot Biosystems Ltd., Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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30
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Boussios S, Devo P, Goodall ICA, Sirlantzis K, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Papadopoulos V, Sanchez E, Rassy E, Ovsepian SV. Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14356. [PMID: 37762660 PMCID: PMC10531522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases. The primary treatment modalities for RCC are surgery and targeted therapy, albeit with suboptimal efficacies. Despite progress in RCC research, significant challenges persist, including advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in multiple aspects of RCC, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response. These membrane-bound vesicles are released into the extracellular environment by nearly all cell types and are capable of transferring various bioactive molecules, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, aiding intercellular communication. The molecular cargo carried by EVs renders them an attractive resource for biomarker identification, while their multifarious role in the RCC offers opportunities for diagnosis and targeted interventions, including EV-based therapies. As the most versatile type of EVs, exosomes have attracted much attention as nanocarriers of biologicals, with multi-range signaling effects. Despite the growing interest in exosomes, there is currently no widely accepted consensus on their subtypes and properties. The emerging heterogeneity of exosomes presents both methodological challenges and exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of exosomes, with a particular reference to the recent advances in their application to the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Perry Devo
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Iain C. A. Goodall
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Konstantinos Sirlantzis
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | | | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
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He K, Wang Z, Luo M, Li B, Ding N, Li L, He B, Wang H, Cao J, Huang C, Yang J, Chen HN. Metastasis organotropism in colorectal cancer: advancing toward innovative therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 37689664 PMCID: PMC10493031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Organotropism, referring to the propensity of metastasis to target specific organs, is a well-documented phenomenon in CRC, with the liver, lungs, and peritoneum being preferred sites. Prior to establishing premetastatic niches within host organs, CRC cells secrete substances that promote metastatic organotropism. Given the pivotal role of organotropism in CRC metastasis, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings is crucial for biomarker-based diagnosis, innovative treatment development, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes. In this review, we focus on metabolic reprogramming, tumor-derived exosomes, the immune system, and cancer cell-organ interactions to outline the molecular mechanisms of CRC organotropic metastasis. Furthermore, we consider the prospect of targeting metastatic organotropism for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Liguori GL, Kralj-Iglič V. Pathological and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4425. [PMID: 37760395 PMCID: PMC10648223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of primary tumors and metastasis formation at distant sites strongly impact the prognosis and the quality of life of cancer patients. Current therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited in targeting the complex cell migration mechanisms responsible for cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. A better understanding of these mechanisms and the development of new therapies are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enveloped particles involved in inter-tissue and inter-cell communication. This review article focuses on the impact of EVs released by tumor cells, specifically on cancer cell migration and metastasis. We first introduce cell migration processes and EV subtypes, and we give an overview of how tumor-derived EVs (TDEVs) may impact cancer cell migration. Then, we discuss ongoing EV-based cancer therapeutic approaches, including the inhibition of general EV-related mechanisms as well as the use of EVs for anti-cancer drug delivery, focusing on the harnessing of TDEVs. We propose a protein-EV shuttle as a route alternative to secretion or cell membrane binding, influencing downstream signaling and the final effect on target cells, with strong implications in tumorigenesis. Finally, we highlight the pitfalls and limitations of therapeutic EV exploitation that must be overcome to realize the promise of EVs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L. Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Hu M, Kenific CM, Boudreau N, Lyden D. Tumor-derived nanoseeds condition the soil for metastatic organotropism. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:70-82. [PMID: 37178822 PMCID: PMC10362948 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors secrete a variety of factors to turn distant microenvironments into favorable and fertile 'soil' for subsequent metastases. Among these 'seeding' factors that initiate pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of particular interest as tumor EVs can direct organotropism depending on their surface integrin profiles. In addition, EVs also contain versatile, bioactive cargo, which include proteins, metabolites, lipids, RNA, and DNA fragments. The cargo incorporated into EVs is collectively shed from cancer cells and cancer-associated stromal cells. Increased understanding of how tumor EVs promote PMN establishment and detection of EVs in bodily fluids highlight how tumor EVs could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as provide a therapeutic target for metastasis prevention. This review focuses on tumor-derived EVs and how they direct organotropism and subsequently modulate stromal and immune microenvironments at distal sites to facilitate PMN formation. We also outline the progress made thus far towards clinical applications of tumor EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Hu
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Boudreau
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Moloudizargari M, Hekmatirad S, Gharaghani S, Moghadamnia AA, Najafzadehvarzi H, Asghari MH. Virtual screening reveals aprepitant to be a potent inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase 2: implications in blockade of exosome release in cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7207-7216. [PMID: 36884117 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are membrane-derived nano-vesicles upregulated in pathological conditions like cancer. Therefore, inhibiting their release is a potential strategy for the development of more efficient combination therapies. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is a key component in exosome release; however, a clinically safe yet efficient nSMase2 inhibitor remains to be used discovered. Accordingly, we made an effort to identify potential nSMase2 inhibitor(s) among the approved drugs. METHODS Virtual screening was performed and aprepitant was selected for further investigation. To evaluate the reliability of the complex, molecular dynamics were performed. Finally, using the CCK-8 assay in HCT116 cells, the highest non-toxic concentrations of aprepitant were identified and the nSMase2 activity assay was performed to measure the inhibitory activity of aprepitant, in vitro. RESULTS To validate the screening results, molecular docking was performed, and the retrieved scores were in line with the screening results. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) plot of aprepitant-nSMase2 showed proper convergence. Following treatment with different concentrations of aprepitant in both cell-free and cell-dependent assays, nSMase2 activity was remarkably decreased. CONCLUSION Aprepitant, at a concentration as low as 15 µM, was able to inhibit nSmase2 activity in HCT116 cells without any significant effects on their viability. Aprepitant is therefore suggested to be a potentially safe exosome release inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Hekmatirad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design (LBD), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745, Iran
| | - Hossein Najafzadehvarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745, Iran.
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Nicolao MC, Rodrigues CR, Coccimiglio MB, Ledo C, Docena GH, Cumino AC. Characterization of protein cargo of Echinococcus granulosus extracellular vesicles in drug response and its influence on immune response. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:255. [PMID: 37516852 PMCID: PMC10387209 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species complex causes cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease of medical importance. Parasite-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are involved in the interaction with hosts intervening in signal transduction related to parasite proliferation and disease pathogenesis. Although the characteristics of sEVs from E. granulosus protoscoleces and their interaction with host dendritic cells (DCs) have been described, the effect of sEVs recovered during parasite pharmacological treatment on the immune response remains unexplored. METHODS Here, we isolated and characterized sEVs from control and drug-treated protoscoleces by ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and proteomic analysis. In addition, we evaluated the cytokine response profile induced in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) by qPCR. RESULTS The isolated sEVs, with conventional size between 50 and 200 nm, regardless of drug treatment, showed more than 500 cargo proteins and, importantly, 20 known antigens and 70 potential antigenic proteins, and several integral-transmembrane and soluble proteins mainly associated with signal transduction, immunomodulation, scaffolding factors, extracellular matrix-anchoring, and lipid transport. The identity and abundance of proteins in the sEV-cargo from metformin- and albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO)-treated parasites were determined by proteomic analysis, detecting 107 and eight exclusive proteins, respectively, which include proteins related to the mechanisms of drug action. We also determined that the interaction of murine BMDCs with sEVs derived from control parasites and those treated with ABZSO and metformin increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 compared to control cells. Additionally, protoscolex-derived vesicles from metformin treatments induced the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. However, the expression of IL-23 and TGF-β was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that sEV-cargo derived from drug-treated E. granulosus protoscoleces have immunomodulatory functions, as they enhance DC activation towards a type 1 pro-inflammatory profile against the parasite, and therefore support the proposal of a new approach for the prevention and treatment of secondary echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Nicolao
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, IIPROSAM, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Rodriguez Rodrigues
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel 2, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Magalí B Coccimiglio
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, IIPROSAM, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Camila Ledo
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, IIPROSAM, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Docena
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Cumino
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, IIPROSAM, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel 2, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Ipinmoroti AO, Pandit R, Crenshaw BJ, Sims B, Matthews QL. Selective pharmacological inhibition alters human carcinoma lung cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16655. [PMID: 37303541 PMCID: PMC10250759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes also termed small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication in many physiological and pathological processes such as protein clearance, immunity, infections, signaling, and cancer. Elevated circulating levels of exosomes have been linked to some viral infections, aggressive cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Some pharmacological compounds have been demonstrated to effectively inhibit exosome production pathways. There are very few studies on exosome inhibition and how they influence pathophysiological conditions. Methods In the current study, we examined how inhibition of extracellular vesicle release and/or uptake would impact the exosome formation pathway. Using a constellation of improved EV experimental approaches, we evaluated the concentration-based cytotoxicity effects of pharmacological agents (ketoconazole, climbazole, and heparin) on Human Lung Carcinoma (A549) cell viability. We investigated the effect of inhibitor dosages on exosome production and release. Analysis of exosome inhibition includes quantitative analysis and total protein expression of exosome release after pharmacological inhibition; we examined exosome protein level after inhibition. Results Selective inhibition of exosomes altered particle sizes, and heparin significantly reduced the total exosomes released. Climbazole and heparin undermined membrane-bound tetraspanin CD63 expression and significantly disrupted ALIX protein (p ≤ 0.0001) and TSG101 (p ≤ 0.001). Azoles and heparin also disrupt transmembrane trafficking by modulating Ras binding protein (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion These findings revealed that pharmacological inhibition of exosomes regulates the endocytic pathway and expression of endosomal sorting complex required for transport mediators, suggesting climbazole and heparin as effective inhibitors of exosome synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O. Ipinmoroti
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - Rachana Pandit
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - Brennetta J. Crenshaw
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - Brian Sims
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Qiana L. Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
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Dutta A, Bhagat S, Paul S, Katz JP, Sengupta D, Bhargava D. Neutrophils in Cancer and Potential Therapeutic Strategies Using Neutrophil-Derived Exosomes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1028. [PMID: 37376417 PMCID: PMC10301170 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells and make up about 70% of white blood cells in human blood and play a critical role as the first line of defense in the innate immune response. They also help regulate the inflammatory environment to promote tissue repair. However, in cancer, neutrophils can be manipulated by tumors to either promote or hinder tumor growth depending on the cytokine pool. Studies have shown that tumor-bearing mice have increased levels of neutrophils in peripheral circulation and that neutrophil-derived exosomes can deliver various cargos, including lncRNA and miRNA, which contribute to tumor growth and degradation of extracellular matrix. Exosomes derived from immune cells generally possess anti-tumor activities and induce tumor-cell apoptosis by delivering cytotoxic proteins, ROS generation, H2O2 or activation of Fas-mediated apoptosis in target cells. Engineered exosome-like nanovesicles have been developed to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs precisely to tumor cells. However, tumor-derived exosomes can aggravate cancer-associated thrombosis through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Despite the advancements in neutrophil-related research, a detailed understanding of tumor-neutrophil crosstalk is still lacking and remains a major barrier in developing neutrophil-based or targeted therapy. This review will focus on the communication pathways between tumors and neutrophils, and the role of neutrophil-derived exosomes (NDEs) in tumor growth. Additionally, potential strategies to manipulate NDEs for therapeutic purposes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dutta
- Exsure, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Rd, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Shrikrishna Bhagat
- Exsure, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Rd, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Swastika Paul
- Exsure, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Rd, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Jonathan P. Katz
- Department of Gastroenterology, 928 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Debomita Sengupta
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India Regional Cancer Centre), 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, West Bengal, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhargava
- Department of Gastroenterology, 928 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Peng Z, Tong Z, Ren Z, Ye M, Hu K. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and its derived exosomes: a new perspective for reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Mol Med 2023; 29:66. [PMID: 37217855 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). They extensively communicate with the other cells. Exosome-packed bioactive molecules derived from CAFs can reshape the TME by interacting with other cells and the extracellular matrix, which adds a new perspective for their clinical application in tumor targeted therapy. An in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics of CAF-derived exosomes (CDEs) is critical for depicting the detailed landscape of the TME and developing tailored therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized the functional roles of CAFs in the TME, particularly focusing on the extensive communication mediated by CDEs that contain biological molecules such as miRNAs, proteins, metabolites, and other components. In addition, we have also highlighted the prospects for diagnostic and therapeutic applications based on CDEs, which could guide the future development of exosome-targeted anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhiwei Tong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zihao Ren
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Manping Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kongwang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236000, China.
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Wei X, Liu S, Cao Y, Wang Z, Chen S. Polymers in Engineering Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Current Status and Prospective. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051496. [PMID: 37242738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a high delivery efficiency by traditional nanomedicines during cancer treatment is a challenging task. As a natural mediator for short-distance intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention owing to their low immunogenicity and high targeting ability. They can load a variety of major drugs, thus offering immense potential. In order to overcome the limitations of EVs and establish them as an ideal drug delivery system, polymer-engineered extracellular vesicle mimics (EVMs) have been developed and applied in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current status of polymer-based extracellular vesicle mimics in drug delivery, and analyze their structural and functional properties based on the design of an ideal drug carrier. We anticipate that this review will facilitate a deeper understanding of the extracellular vesicular mimetic drug delivery system, and stimulate the progress and advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Electronic Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Sundoc Pharmaceutical Science and Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Pan W, Chen H, Wang A, Wang F, Zhang X. Challenges and strategies: Scalable and efficient production of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for cell-free therapy. Life Sci 2023; 319:121524. [PMID: 36828131 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types, and widely exist in cell supernatants and various body fluids. They can transmit numerous bioactive elements, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, to affect the gene expression and function of recipient cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been confirmed to be a potentially promising therapy for tissue repair and regeneration. Accumulating studies demonstrated that the predominant regenerative paradigm of MSCs transplantation was the paracrine effect but not the differentiation effect. Exosomes secreted by MSCs also showed similar therapeutic effects as their parent cells and were considered to be used for cell-free regenerative medicine. However, the inefficient and limited production has hampered their development for clinical translation. In this review, we summarize potential methods to efficiently promote the yield of exosomes. We mainly focus on engineering the process of exosome biogenesis and secretion, altering the cell culture conditions, cell expansion through 3D dynamic culture and the isolation of exosomes. In addition, we also discuss the application of MSCs-derived exosomes as therapeutics in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwuweiqi Road 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Yu B, Li H, Zhang Z, Chen P, Wang L, Fan X, Ning X, Pan Y, Zhou F, Hu X, Chang J, Ou C. Extracellular vesicles engineering by silicates-activated endothelial progenitor cells for myocardial infarction treatment in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2094. [PMID: 37055411 PMCID: PMC10102163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have shown good potential in disease treatments including ischemic injury such as myocardial infarction. However, the efficient production of highly active extracellular vesicles is one of the critical limitations for their clinical applications. Here, we demonstrate a biomaterial-based approach to prepare high amounts of extracellular vesicles with high bioactivity from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by stimulation with silicate ions derived from bioactive silicate ceramics. We further show that hydrogel microspheres containing engineered extracellular vesicles are highly effective in the treatment of myocardial infarction in male mice by significantly enhancing angiogenesis. This therapeutic effect is attributed to significantly enhanced revascularization by the high content of miR-126a-3p and angiogenic factors such as VEGF and SDF-1, CXCR4 and eNOS in engineered extracellular vesicles, which not only activate endothelial cells but also recruit EPCs from the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hekai Li
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowenbin Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 325000, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Super fine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Fan
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiran Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Super fine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Caiwen Ou
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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Keysberg C, Schneider H, Otte K. Production cell analysis and compound-based boosting of small extracellular vesicle secretion using a generic and scalable production platform. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:987-999. [PMID: 36577715 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel format of advanced therapeutical medicinal products (ATMPs). They can act regenerative or immune-modulatory as cell therapy substitutes or as a platform for designer exosomes. The biotechnological production of therapeutic EVs is still very much uncharted territory so standardized host cells, production setups, and isolation methods are not yet implemented. In this work, we present a tangential flow filtration (TFF) and fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC)-based size exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification setup that is compatible for industry applications. Moreover, we evaluated a series of potential host cell lines regarding their EV productivity, characteristics, and biological functionality. It was found that telomerase-immortalized Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSC/TERT273) secrete high amounts of EVs per cell with regenerative capabilities. On the other hand, Cevec's amniocyte producer cells® (CAP®) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) suspension cells are suitable platforms for designer EVs with high yields. Finally, we aimed to boost the EV secretion of HEK293 cells via chemical adjuvants and verified four compounds that heighten cellular EV secretion in a presumably cAMP-dependent manner. A combination of fenoterol, iodoacetamide, and dinitrophenol increased the EV yield in HEK293 cells threefold and cellular secretion rate fivefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keysberg
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- International Graduate School for Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helga Schneider
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
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Lau NCH, Yam JWP. From Exosome Biogenesis to Absorption: Key Takeaways for Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071992. [PMID: 37046653 PMCID: PMC10093369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are mediators of intercellular communication in normal physiology and diseases. While many studies have emerged on the function of exosomal cargoes, questions remain regarding the origin of these exosomes. The packaging and secretion of exosomes in different contexts modify exosomal composition, which may in turn impact delivery, uptake and cargo function in recipient cells. A mechanistic understanding of exosome biology is therefore crucial to investigating exosomal function in complex biological systems and to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we outline the steps in exosome biogenesis, including endosome formation, MVB formation, cargo sorting and extracellular release, as well as exosome absorption, including targeting, interaction with recipient cells and the fate of internalized exosomes. In addition to providing a framework of exosome dynamics, we summarize current evidence on major pathways and regulatory mechanisms. We also highlight the various mechanisms observed in cancer and point out directions to improve study design in exosome biology. Further research is needed to illuminate the relationship between exosome biogenesis and function, which will aid the development of translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cheuk Hang Lau
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-22552681
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Formation of pre-metastatic niches induced by tumor extracellular vesicles in lung metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106669. [PMID: 36681367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of malignant tumors that metastasize into the lung as one of their most common sites of dissemination. The successful infiltration of tumor cells into distant organs is the result of the cooperation between tumor cells and distant host cells. When tumor cells have not yet reached distant organs, in situ tumor cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying important biological information. In recent years, scholars have found that tumor cells-derived EVs act as the bridge between orthotopic tumors and secondary metastases by promoting the formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which plays a key role in awakening dormant circulating tumor cells and promoting tumor cell colonization. This review provides an overview of multiple routes and mechanisms underlying PMN formation induced by EVs and summaries study findings that underline a potential role of EVs in the intervention of lung PMN, both as a target or a carrier for drug design. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of EVs in lung PMN formation are highlighted as well as potential applications to lung metastasis diagnosis and treatment.
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Cao Y, Xu P, Shen Y, Wu W, Chen M, Wang F, Zhu Y, Yan F, Gu W, Lin Y. Exosomes and cancer immunotherapy: A review of recent cancer research. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1118101. [PMID: 36727049 PMCID: PMC9885269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1118101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As phospholipid extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, exosomes contain non-coding RNA (ncRNA), mRNA, DNA fragments, lipids, and proteins, which are essential for intercellular communication. Several types of cells can secrete exosomes that contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Cancer cells and the immune microenvironment interact and restrict each other. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have become essential players in this balance because they carry information from the original cancer cells and express complexes of MHC class I/II epitopes and costimulatory molecules. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential targets for exosome therapy by examining the specific expression and mechanism of exosomes derived from cancer cells. We introduced TDEs and explored their role in different tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers, before briefly describing the therapeutic strategies of exosomes in cancer immune-related therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangling Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuandong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiying Gu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Lin, ; Weiying Gu,
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Lin, ; Weiying Gu,
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Andreu Z, Masiá E, Charbonnier D, Vicent MJ. A Rapid, Convergent Approach to the Identification of Exosome Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Models. Nanotheranostics 2023; 7:1-21. [PMID: 36593796 PMCID: PMC9760366 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.73606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer cell exosome release and biogenesis represents a potentially efficient means to treat tumors and prevent cancer recurrence/metastasis; however, the complexity and time-consuming nature of currently employed methods to purify and characterize exosomes represent obstacles to progression. Herein, we describe a rapid, convergent, and cost-efficient strategy to analyze candidate U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that inhibit exosome release and/or biogenesis using breast cancer cell line models in the hope of repurposing them for the clinical treatment of metastatic tumors. We combined the ExoScreen assay based on AlphaScreenTM technology with the antibody-mediated detection of an atypical lipid (lysobisphosphatidic acid - LBPA) present in the intra-luminal vesicle/exosomal fraction to achieve both extracellular and intracellular information on exosome modulation after treatment. As proof of concept for this strategy, we identified docetaxel, biscurcumin, primaquine, and doxorubicin as potential exosome release inhibitors in the Her-2 positive MDA-MB-453 and luminal A MCF7 cell lines. Dinaciclib also functioned as an exosome release inhibitor in MCF7 cells. Further, we explored the expression of proteins involved in exosome biogenesis (TSG101, CD9 tetraspanin, Alix, SMase2) and release (Rab11, Rab27) to decipher and validate the possible molecular mechanisms of action of the identified exosome inhibitors. We anticipate that our approach could help to create robust high-throughput screening methodologies to accelerate drug repurposing when using FDA-approved compound libraries and to develop rationally-designed single/combination therapies (including nanomedicines) that can target metastasis progression by modulating exosome biogenesis or release in various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraida Andreu
- ✉ Corresponding author: E-mail: and . Phone: +34963289680 (Ext2307#)
| | | | | | - María J. Vicent
- ✉ Corresponding author: E-mail: and . Phone: +34963289680 (Ext2307#)
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Hosseini R, Asef-Kabiri L, Sarvnaz H, Ghanavatinejad A, Rezayat F, Eskandari N, Akbari ME. Blockade of exosome release alters HER2 trafficking to the plasma membrane and gives a boost to Trastuzumab. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:185-198. [PMID: 36018441 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Exosomal HER2 has been evidenced to interfere with antibody-induced anti-tumor effects. However, whether the blockade of HER2+ exosomes release would affect antibody-mediated tumor inhibition has yet to be investigated. METHODS Exosomes derived from BT-474, SK-BR3 and SK-OV3 (HER2-overexpressing tumor cells) and MDA-MB-231 cells (HER2 negative) were purified and characterized by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay, western blotting and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inhibition of exosome release was achieved by neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase-2) inhibitor, GW4869. The effects of exosome blockade on the anti-proliferative effects, apoptosis induction, and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of Trastuzumab were examined using MTT, flow cytometry, and LDH release assays. Also, the effects of exosome inhibition on the surface expression and endocytosis/internalization of HER2 were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS Purified exosomes derived from HER2 overexpressing cancer cells were positive for HER2 protein. Blockade of exosome release was able to significantly improve apoptosis induction, anti-proliferative and ADCC responses of Trastuzumab dose dependently. The pretreatment of Trastuzumab/purified NK cells, but not PBMCs, with HER2+ exosomes could also decrease the ADCC effects of Trastuzumab. Exosome inhibition also remarkably downregulated surface HER2 levels in a time-dependent manner, but does not affect its endocytosis/internalization. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, HER2+ exosomes may benefit tumor progression by dually suppressing Trastuzumab-induced tumor growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of NK cells. It seems that concomitant blocking of exosome release might be an effective approach for improving the therapeutic effects of Trastuzumab, and potentially other HER2-directed mAbs. In addition, the exosome secretion pathway possibly contributes to the HER2 trafficking to plasma membrane, since the blockade of exosome secretion decreased surface HER2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Asef-Kabiri
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Sarvnaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghanavatinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezayat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:153-166. [PMID: 36399151 PMCID: PMC9849294 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are formed by two invaginations of the plasma membrane and can be released by all eukaryotic cells. Because of their bioactive contents, including nucleic acids and proteins, exosomes can activate a variety of functions in their recipient cells. Due to the plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions, exosomes have received a lot of attention from researchers over the past few years. However, there is still no consensus regarding isolation and characterization protocols of exosomes and their subtypes. This heterogeneity poses a lot of methodical challenges but also offers new clinical opportunities simultaneously. So far, exosome-based research is still mostly limited to preclinical experiments and early-stage clinical trials since the translation of experimental findings remains difficult. Exosomes could potentially play an important role as future diagnostic and prognostic agents and might also be part of the development of new treatment strategies. Therefore, they have previously been investigated in a variety of nephrological and urological conditions such as acute kidney injury or prostate cancer.
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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50
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Ayechu-Muruzabal V, de Boer M, Blokhuis B, Berends AJ, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, van’t Land B, Willemsen LEM. Epithelial-derived galectin-9 containing exosomes contribute to the immunomodulatory effects promoted by 2'-fucosyllactose and short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026031. [PMID: 36685520 PMCID: PMC9846635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early life exposure to non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) or microbial components is known to affect immune development. NDO in combination with a TLR9 agonist mimicking bacterial triggers (CpG) promoted the secretion of galectins through unknown pathways. We aimed to study the contribution of exosomes in epithelial galectin secretion and subsequent immunoregulation upon exposure to a mixture of NDO by inhibiting exosome biogenesis. Methods Human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) (FHs 74 Int or HT-29) were apically exposed to 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) and short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (GF), alone or with CpG. Basolaterally, non-activated or αCD3/CD28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were added. After 24 h incubation, IEC were washed and incubated in fresh medium to analyze epithelial-derived galectin secretion. Additionally, before exposure to NDO and CpG, IEC were exposed to GW4869 to inhibit exosome biogenesis. After 24 h of incubation, IEC were washed and incubated for additional 24 h in the presence of GW4869, after which epithelial-derived galectin secretion was studied. Also, epithelial-derived exosomes were isolated to study the presence of galectins within the exosomes. Results Compared to CpG alone, exposure to 2'FL/GF mixture and CpG, significantly enhanced Th1-type IFNγ, and regulatory IEC-derived galectin-9 secretion in the HT-29/PBMC model. Similarly, in the FHs 74 Int/PBMC co-culture, 2'FL/GF induced immunomodulatory effects in the absence of CpG. Interestingly, galectin-9 and -4 were present in CD63-expressing exosomes isolated from HT-29 supernatants after IEC/PBMC co-culture. Exposure to GW4869 suppressed 2'FL/GF and CpG induced epithelial-derived galectin-9 secretion, which subsequently prevented the rise in IL-10 and reduction in IL-13 secretion observed in the HT-29/PBMC co-culture model upon exposure to 2'FL/GF and CpG. Discussion Exposure to 2'FL/GF and CpG or 2'FL/GF promoted Th1-type regulatory effects in HT-29/PBMC or FHs 74 Int/PBMC co-culture respectively, while Th2-type IL-13 was reduced in association with increased galectin-9 release. Galectin-9 and -4 were present in exosomes from HT-29 and the inhibition of exosome biogenesis inhibited epithelial-derived galectin secretion. This, also affected immunomodulatory effects in IEC/PBMC co-culture suggesting a key role of galectin expressing IEC-derived exosomes in the mucosal immune regulation induced by NDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Merel de Boer
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alinda J. Berends
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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