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Zainaee S, Archer B, Scherer R, Bingman V, Ghasemi M. Revealing Goal-Directed Neural Control of the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing. Dysphagia 2024:10.1007/s00455-024-10758-3. [PMID: 39387924 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-024-10758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Swallowing is considered a three-phase mechanism involving the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases. The pharyngeal phase relies on highly coordinated movements in the pharynx and larynx to move food through the aerodigestive crossing. While the brainstem has been identified as the primary control center for the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, existing evidence suggests that the higher brain regions can contribute to controlling the pharyngeal phase of swallowing to match the motor response to the current context and task at hand. This suggests that the pharyngeal phase of swallowing cannot be exclusively reflexive or voluntary but can be regulated by the two neural controlling systems, goal-directed and non-goal-directed. This capability allows the pharyngeal phase of swallowing to adjust appropriately based on cognitive input, learned knowledge, and predictions. This paper reviews existing evidence and accordingly develops a novel perspective to explain these capabilities of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. This paper aims (1) to integrate and comprehend the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, (2) to explore the reflexive (non-goal-directed) and voluntary (goal-directed) neural systems of controlling the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, (3) to provide a clinical translation regarding the pathologies of these two systems, and (4) to highlight the existing gaps in this area that require attention in future research. This paper, in particular, aims to explore the complex neurophysiology of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, as its breakdown can lead to serious consequences such as aspiration pneumonia or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Zainaee
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Brent Archer
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Scherer
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Verner Bingman
- Department of Psychology, J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Mehran Ghasemi
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Funk AT, Hassan AAO, Waugh JL. In Humans, Insulo-striate Structural Connectivity is Largely Biased Toward Either Striosome-like or Matrix-like Striatal Compartments. Neurosci Insights 2024; 19:26331055241268079. [PMID: 39280330 PMCID: PMC11402065 DOI: 10.1177/26331055241268079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular efferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These striatal compartments have distinct embryologic origins, afferent and efferent connectivity, dopamine pharmacology, and susceptibility to injury. Striosome and matrix appear to occupy separate sets of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops, so a bias in insulo-striate projections toward one compartment may also embed an insular subregion in distinct regulatory and functional networks. Compartment-specific mapping of insulo-striate structural connectivity is sparse; the insular subregions are largely unmapped for compartment-specific projections. In 100 healthy adults, diffusion tractography was utilized to map and quantify structural connectivity between 19 structurally-defined insular subregions and each striatal compartment. Insulo-striate streamlines that reached striosome-like and matrix-like voxels were concentrated in distinct insular zones (striosome: rostro- and caudoventral; matrix: caudodorsal) and followed different paths to reach the striatum. Though tractography was generated independently in each hemisphere, the spatial distribution and relative bias of striosome-like and matrix-like streamlines were highly similar in the left and right insula. 16 insular subregions were significantly biased toward 1 compartment: 7 toward striosome-like voxels and 9 toward matrix-like voxels. Striosome-favoring bundles had significantly higher streamline density, especially from rostroventral insular subregions. The biases in insulo-striate structural connectivity that were identified mirrored the compartment-specific biases identified in prior studies that utilized injected tract tracers, cytoarchitecture, or functional MRI. Segregating insulo-striate structural connectivity through either striosome or matrix may be an anatomic substrate for functional specialization among the insular subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T Funk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Asim AO Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeff L Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Lemos MD, Barbosa LM, Andrade DCD, Lucato LT. Contributions of neuroimaging in central poststroke pain: a review. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 82:1-11. [PMID: 39216489 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central neuropathic poststroke pain (CNPSP) affects up to 12% of patients with stroke in general and up to 18% of patients with sensory deficits. This pain syndrome is often incapacitating and refractory to treatment. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used methods in the evaluation of CNPSP. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to review the role of neuroimaging methods in CNPSP. METHODS We performed a literature review of the main clinical aspects of CNPSP and the contribution of neuroimaging methods to study its pathophysiology, commonly damaged brain sites, and possible differential diagnoses. Lastly, we briefly mention how neuroimaging can contribute to the non-pharmacological CNPSP treatment. Additionally, we used a series of MRI from our institution to illustrate this review. RESULTS Imaging has been used to explain CNPSP pathogenesis based on spinothalamic pathway damage and connectome dysfunction. Imaging locations associated with CNPSP include the brainstem (mainly the dorsolateral medulla), thalamus (especially the ventral posterolateral/ventral posteromedial nuclei), cortical areas such as the posterior insula and the parietal operculum, and, more recently, the thalamocortical white matter in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Imaging also brings the prospect of helping search for new targets for non-pharmacological treatments for CNPSP. Other neuropathic pain causes identified by imaging include syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, and herniated intervertebral disc. CONCLUSION Imaging is a valuable tool in the complimentary evaluation of CNPSP patients in clinical and research scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Delboni Lemos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Radiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mendonça Barbosa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Tavares Lucato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Radiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Cecchi R, Collomb-Clerc A, Rachidi I, Minotti L, Kahane P, Pessiglione M, Bastin J. Direct stimulation of anterior insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex disrupts economic choices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7508. [PMID: 39209840 PMCID: PMC11362155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural activity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior insula (aIns) is often associated with economic choices and confidence. However, it remains unclear whether these brain regions are causally related to these processes. To address this issue, we leveraged intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) data obtained from patients with epilepsy performing an economic choice task. Our results reveal opposite effects of stimulation on decision-making depending on its location along a dorso-ventral axis within each region. Specifically, stimulation of the ventral subregion within aIns reduces risk-taking by increasing participants' sensitivity to potential losses, whereas stimulation of the dorsal subregion of aIns and the ventral portion of the vmPFC increases risk-taking by reducing participants' sensitivity to losses. Moreover, stimulation of the aIns consistently decreases participants' confidence, regardless of its location within the aIns. These findings suggest the existence of functionally dissociated neural subregions and circuits causally involved in accepting or avoiding challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Cecchi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Collomb-Clerc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- NeuroX Institute and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Inès Rachidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorella Minotti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) team, Paris Brain Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Bastin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Hagiwara K. [Insular lobe epilepsy. Part 1: semiology]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2024; 64:527-539. [PMID: 39069491 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The insula is often referred to as "the fifth lobe" of the brain, and its accessibility used to be very limited due to the deep location under the opercula as well as the sylvian vasculature. It was not until the availability of modern stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) technique that the intracranial electrodes could be safely and chronically implanted within the insula, thereby enabling anatomo-electro-clinical correlations in seizures of this deep origin. Since the first report of SEEG-recorded insular seizures in late 1990s, the knowledge of insular lobe epilepsy (ILE) has rapidly expanded. Being on the frontline for the diagnosis and management of epilepsy, neurologists should have a precise understanding of ILE to differentiate it from epilepsies of other lobes or non-epileptic conditions. Owing to the multimodal nature and rich anatomo-functional connections of the insula, ILE has a wide range of clinical presentations. The following symptoms should heighten the suspicion of ILE: somatosensory symptoms involving a large/bilateral cutaneous territory or taking on thermal/painful character, and cervico-laryngeal discomfort. The latter ranges from slight dyspnea to a strong sensation of strangulation (laryngeal constriction). Other symptoms include epigastric discomfort/nausea, hypersalivation, auditory, vestibular, gustatory, and aphasic symptoms. However, most of these insulo-opercular symptoms can easily be masked by those of extra-insular seizure propagation. Indeed, sleep-related hyperkinetic (hypermotor) epilepsy (SHE) is a common clinical presentation of ILE, which shows predominant hyperkinetic and/or tonic-dystonic features that are often indistinguishable from those of fronto-mesial seizures. Subtle objective signs, such as constrictive throat noise (i.e., laryngeal constriction) or aversive behavior (e.g., facial grimacing suggesting pain), are often the sole clue in diagnosing insular SHE. Insular-origin seizures should also be considered in temporal-like seizures without frank anatomo-electro-clinical correlations. All in all, ILE is not the epilepsy of an isolated island but rather of a crucial hub involved in the multifaceted roles of the brain.
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Lin IF, Kondo HM. Brain circuits in autonomous sensory meridian response and related phenomena. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230252. [PMID: 39005041 PMCID: PMC11444242 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is characterized by a tingling sensation with a feeling of relaxation and a state of flow. We explore the neural underpinnings and comorbidities of ASMR and related phenomena with altered sensory processing. These phenomena include sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), synaesthesia, Alice in Wonderland syndrome and misophonia. The objective of this article is to uncover the shared neural substrates and distinctive features of ASMR and its counterparts. ASMR, SPS and misophonia exhibit common activations in the brain regions associated with social cognition, emotion regulation and empathy. Nevertheless, ASMR responders display reduced connectivity in the salience network (SN), while individuals with SPS exhibit increased connectivity in the SN. Furthermore, ASMR induces relaxation and temporarily reduces symptoms of depression, in contrast to SPS and misophonia, which are linked to depression. These observations lead us to propose that ASMR is a distinct phenomenon owing to its attention dispatch mechanism and its connection with emotion regulation. We suggest that increased activations in the insula, along with reduction in connectivity within the salience and default mode networks in ASMR responders, may account for their experiences of relaxation and flow states. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito M Kondo
- School of Psychology, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8666, Japan
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Li H, Liu M, Zhang J, Liu S, Fang Z, Pan M, Sui X, Rang W, Xiao H, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Ge X. The effect of preterm birth on thalamic development based on shape and structural covariance analysis. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120708. [PMID: 38950664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acting as a central hub in regulating brain functions, the thalamus plays a pivotal role in controlling high-order brain functions. Considering the impact of preterm birth on infant brain development, traditional studies focused on the overall development of thalamus other than its subregions. In this study, we compared the volumetric growth and shape development of the thalamic hemispheres between the infants born preterm and full-term (Left volume: P = 0.027, Left normalized volume: P < 0.0001; Right volume: P = 0.070, Right normalized volume: P < 0.0001). The ventral nucleus region, dorsomedial nucleus region, and posterior nucleus region of the thalamus exhibit higher vulnerability to alterations induced by preterm birth. The structural covariance (SC) between the thickness of thalamus and insula in preterm infants (Left: corrected P = 0.0091, Right: corrected P = 0.0119) showed significant increase as compared to full-term controls. Current findings suggest that preterm birth affects the development of the thalamus and has differential effects on its subregions. The ventral nucleus region, dorsomedial nucleus region, and posterior nucleus region of the thalamus are more susceptible to the impacts of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhicong Fang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Minmin Pan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodan Sui
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Rang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyun Jiang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanjie Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinting Ge
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China.
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8
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Rosinvil T, Postuma RB, Rahayel S, Bellavance A, Daneault V, Montplaisir J, Lina JM, Carrier J, Gagnon JF. Clinical symptoms and neuroanatomical substrates of daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:149. [PMID: 39122721 PMCID: PMC11316005 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and neuroanatomical correlates of daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain inconsistent in the literature. Two studies were conducted here. The first evaluated the interrelation between non-motor and motor symptoms, using a principal component analysis, associated with daytime sleepiness in PD. The second identified the neuroanatomical substrates associated with daytime sleepiness in PD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the first study, 77 participants with PD completed an extensive clinical, cognitive testing and a polysomnographic recording. In the second study, 29 PD participants also underwent MRI acquisition of T1-weighted images. Vertex-based cortical and subcortical surface analysis, deformation-based morphometry, and voxel-based morphometry were performed to assess the association between daytime sleepiness severity and structural brain changes in participants. In both studies, the severity of daytime sleepiness and the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; total score >10) were measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. We found that individuals with EDS had a higher score on a component including higher dosage of dopamine receptor agonists, motor symptoms severity, shorter sleep latency, and greater sleep efficiency. Moreover, increased daytime sleepiness severity was associated with a larger surface area in the right insula, contracted surfaces in the right putamen and right lateral amygdala, and a larger surface in the right posterior amygdala. Hence, daytime sleepiness in PD was associated with dopaminergic receptor agonists dosage, motor impairment, and objective sleep measures. Moreover, neuroanatomical changes in cortical and subcortical regions related to vigilance, motor, and emotional states were associated with more severe daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaïna Rosinvil
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady Rahayel
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Bellavance
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Daneault
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Radoman M, Phan KL, Ajilore OA, Gorka SM. Altered effective connectivity during threat anticipation in individuals with alcohol use disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00211-8. [PMID: 39117274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A developing theory and recent research suggest that heightened reactivity to uncertain stressors or threats may be an important individual difference factor that facilitates excessive drinking as a means of avoidance-based coping and characterizes individuals with current and past alcohol use disorder (AUD). Neuroimaging studies of unpredictable threat processing have repeatedly demonstrated activation of the anterior insula (AIC), anteromedial (AM) thalamus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The present study aimed to understand how these three regions function as a network during anticipation of unpredictable threat (and predictable threat). METHODS Participants were 43 young adults (aged 21-30) with AUD and 26 healthy controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling were used to study inter-regional effective connectivities and predictable and unpredictable threat-related modulations thereof within this network. Parametric empirical Bayesian modeling was used to conduct between-group comparisons in effective connectivities. RESULTS During unpredictable threat trials, the increased projection from the right AM thalamus to the right AIC was significantly present only in the AUD group. This directional influence was stronger among individuals who on average consumed more drinks per week. As expected, we found no group differences in modulatory changes to effective connectivities during predictable threat trials. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine directional interactions between key frontolimbic regions during anticipation of unpredictable and predictable threat and demonstrate the importance of 'bottom-up' thalamic-insular projections during unpredictable threat processing in AUD. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether this association may be causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Radoman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 2 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Olusola A Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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10
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Cortese R, Battaglini M, Prados F, Gentile G, Luchetti L, Bianchi A, Haider L, Jacob A, Palace J, Messina S, Paul F, Marignier R, Durand-Dubief F, de Medeiros Rimkus C, Apostolos Pereira SL, Sato DK, Filippi M, Rocca MA, Cacciaguerra L, Rovira À, Sastre-Garriga J, Arrambide G, Liu Y, Duan Y, Gasperini C, Tortorella C, Ruggieri S, Amato MP, Ulivelli M, Groppa S, Grothe M, Llufriu S, Sepulveda M, Lukas C, Bellenberg B, Schneider R, Sowa P, Celius EG, Pröbstel AK, Granziera C, Yaldizli Ö, Müller J, Stankoff B, Bodini B, Barkhof F, Ciccarelli O, De Stefano N. Grey Matter Atrophy and its Relationship with White Matter Lesions in Patients with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease, Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:276-288. [PMID: 38780377 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate: (1) the distribution of gray matter (GM) atrophy in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); and (2) the relationship between GM volumes and white matter lesions in various brain regions within each disease. METHODS A retrospective, multicenter analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data included patients with MOGAD/AQP4+NMOSD/RRMS in non-acute disease stage. Voxel-wise analyses and general linear models were used to evaluate the relevance of regional GM atrophy. For significant results (p < 0.05), volumes of atrophic areas are reported. RESULTS We studied 135 MOGAD patients, 135 AQP4+NMOSD, 175 RRMS, and 144 healthy controls (HC). Compared with HC, MOGAD showed lower GM volumes in the temporal lobes, deep GM, insula, and cingulate cortex (75.79 cm3); AQP4+NMOSD in the occipital cortex (32.83 cm3); and RRMS diffusely in the GM (260.61 cm3). MOGAD showed more pronounced temporal cortex atrophy than RRMS (6.71 cm3), whereas AQP4+NMOSD displayed greater occipital cortex atrophy than RRMS (19.82 cm3). RRMS demonstrated more pronounced deep GM atrophy in comparison with MOGAD (27.90 cm3) and AQP4+NMOSD (47.04 cm3). In MOGAD, higher periventricular and cortical/juxtacortical lesions were linked to reduced temporal cortex, deep GM, and insula volumes. In RRMS, the diffuse GM atrophy was associated with lesions in all locations. AQP4+NMOSD showed no lesion/GM volume correlation. INTERPRETATION GM atrophy is more widespread in RRMS compared with the other two conditions. MOGAD primarily affects the temporal cortex, whereas AQP4+NMOSD mainly involves the occipital cortex. In MOGAD and RRMS, lesion-related tract degeneration is associated with atrophy, but this link is absent in AQP4+NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:276-288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cortese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Queen Square MS Center, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Battaglini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- SIENA imaging SRL, Siena, Italy
| | - Ferran Prados
- Queen Square MS Center, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Medical Imaging Computing, Medical Physics, and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
- E-Health Center University Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giordano Gentile
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- SIENA imaging SRL, Siena, Italy
| | - Ludovico Luchetti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- SIENA imaging SRL, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Bianchi
- Queen Square MS Center, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lukas Haider
- Queen Square MS Center, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anu Jacob
- NMO Clinical Service at the Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvia Messina
- Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Romain Marignier
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Disorders, and Neuro-inflammation, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Durand-Dubief
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Disorders, and Neuro-inflammation, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Carolina de Medeiros Rimkus
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Kazutoshi Sato
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cacciaguerra
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Àlex Rovira
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Arrambide
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Duan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Tortorella
- Department of Neurosciences, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Amato
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Ulivelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Grothe
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Center of Neuroimmunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sepulveda
- Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Center of Neuroimmunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carsten Lukas
- Institute of Neuroradiology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Bellenberg
- Institute of Neuroradiology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ruth Schneider
- Institute of Neuroradiology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Piotr Sowa
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth G Celius
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Department of Neurology, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Özgür Yaldizli
- Department of Neurology, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Müller
- Department of Neurology, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Center for Medical Imaging Computing, Medical Physics, and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
- Radiology & Nuclear medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Queen Square MS Center, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Center, London, UK
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Ghaziri J, Fei P, Tucholka A, Obaid S, Boucher O, Rouleau I, Nguyen DK. Resting-State Functional Connectivity Profile of Insular Subregions. Brain Sci 2024; 14:742. [PMID: 39199437 PMCID: PMC11352390 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The insula is often considered the fifth lobe of the brain and is increasingly recognized as one of the most connected regions in the brain, with widespread connections to cortical and subcortical structures. As a follow-up to our previous tractography work, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) profiles of insular subregions and assessed their concordance with structural connectivity. We used the CONN toolbox to analyze the rsFC of the same 19 insular regions of interest (ROIs) we used in our prior tractography work and regrouped them into six subregions based on their connectivity pattern similarity. Our analysis of 50 healthy participants confirms the known broad connectivity of the insula and shows novel and specific whole-brain and intra-connectivity patterns of insular subregions. By examining such subregions, our findings provide a more detailed pattern of connectivity than prior studies that may prove useful for comparison between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ghaziri
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Phillip Fei
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Chicoutimi, QC J4L 1C9, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Pixyl Medical, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Obaid
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dang K. Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
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12
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Gos A, Steiner J, Trübner K, Mawrin C, Kaliszan M, Gos T. Impairment of the GABAergic system in the anterior insular cortex of heroin-addicted males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01848-2. [PMID: 38980335 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a global problem, causing the greatest health burden among drug use disorders, with opioid overdose deaths topping the statistics of fatal overdoses. The multifunctional anterior insular cortex (AIC) is involved in inhibitory control, which is severely impaired in opioid addiction. GABAergic interneurons shape the output of the AIC, where abnormalities have been reported in individuals addicted to opioids. In these neurons, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) with its isoforms GAD 65 and 67 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of GABA, and research data point to a dysregulation of GABAergic activity in the AIC in opioid addiction. Our study, which was performed on paraffin-embedded brains from the Magdeburg Brain Bank, aimed to investigate abnormalities in the GABAergic function of the AIC in opioid addiction by densitometric evaluation of GAD 65/67-immunostained neuropil. The study showed bilaterally increased neuropil density in layers III and V in 13 male heroin-addicted males compared to 12 healthy controls, with significant U-test P values for layer V bilaterally. Analysis of confounding variables showed that age, brain volume and duration of formalin fixation did not confound the results. Our findings suggest a dysregulation of GABAergic activity in the AIC in opioid addiction, which is consistent with experimental data from animal models and human neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gos
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Trübner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
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13
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Thng G, Shen X, Stolicyn A, Adams MJ, Yeung HW, Batziou V, Conole ELS, Buchanan CR, Lawrie SM, Bastin ME, McIntosh AM, Deary IJ, Tucker-Drob EM, Cox SR, Smith KM, Romaniuk L, Whalley HC. A comprehensive hierarchical comparison of structural connectomes in Major Depressive Disorder cases v. controls in two large population samples. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2515-2526. [PMID: 38497116 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain can be represented as a network, with nodes as brain regions and edges as region-to-region connections. Nodes with the most connections (hubs) are central to efficient brain function. Current findings on structural differences in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) identified using network approaches remain inconsistent, potentially due to small sample sizes. It is still uncertain at what level of the connectome hierarchy differences may exist, and whether they are concentrated in hubs, disrupting fundamental brain connectivity. METHODS We utilized two large cohorts, UK Biobank (UKB, N = 5104) and Generation Scotland (GS, N = 725), to investigate MDD case-control differences in brain network properties. Network analysis was done across four hierarchical levels: (1) global, (2) tier (nodes grouped into four tiers based on degree) and rich club (between-hub connections), (3) nodal, and (4) connection. RESULTS In UKB, reductions in network efficiency were observed in MDD cases globally (d = -0.076, pFDR = 0.033), across all tiers (d = -0.069 to -0.079, pFDR = 0.020), and in hubs (d = -0.080 to -0.113, pFDR = 0.013-0.035). No differences in rich club organization and region-to-region connections were identified. The effect sizes and direction for these associations were generally consistent in GS, albeit not significant in our lower-N replication sample. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the brain's fundamental rich club structure is similar in MDD cases and controls, but subtle topological differences exist across the brain. Consistent with recent large-scale neuroimaging findings, our findings offer a connectomic perspective on a similar scale and support the idea that minimal differences exist between MDD cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladi Thng
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hon Wah Yeung
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Venia Batziou
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor L S Conole
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R Buchanan
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Generation Scotland, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center and Center on Aging and Population Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith M Smith
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Generation Scotland, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Legon W, Strohman A, In A, Payne B. Noninvasive neuromodulation of subregions of the human insula differentially affect pain processing and heart-rate variability: a within-subjects pseudo-randomized trial. Pain 2024; 165:1625-1641. [PMID: 38314779 PMCID: PMC11189760 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The insula is an intriguing target for pain modulation. Unfortunately, it lies deep to the cortex making spatially specific noninvasive access difficult. Here, we leverage the high spatial resolution and deep penetration depth of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to nonsurgically modulate the anterior insula (AI) or posterior insula (PI) in humans for effect on subjective pain ratings, electroencephalographic (EEG) contact heat-evoked potentials, as well as autonomic measures including heart-rate variability (HRV). In a within-subjects, repeated-measures, pseudo-randomized trial design, 23 healthy volunteers received brief noxious heat pain stimuli to the dorsum of their right hand during continuous heart-rate, electrodermal, electrocardiography and EEG recording. Low-intensity focused ultrasound was delivered to the AI (anterior short gyrus), PI (posterior longus gyrus), or under an inert Sham condition. The primary outcome measure was pain rating. Low-intensity focused ultrasound to both AI and PI similarly reduced pain ratings but had differential effects on EEG activity. Low-intensity focused ultrasound to PI affected earlier EEG amplitudes, whereas LIFU to AI affected later EEG amplitudes. Only LIFU to the AI affected HRV as indexed by an increase in SD of N-N intervals and mean HRV low-frequency power. Taken together, LIFU is an effective noninvasive method to individually target subregions of the insula in humans for site-specific effects on brain biomarkers of pain processing and autonomic reactivity that translates to reduced perceived pain to a transient heat stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynn Legon
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Center for Human Neuroscience Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Andrew Strohman
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Alexander In
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Brighton Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
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Livermore JJA, Skora LI, Adamatzky K, Garfinkel SN, Critchley HD, Campbell-Meiklejohn D. General and anxiety-linked influences of acute serotonin reuptake inhibition on neural responses associated with attended visceral sensation. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:241. [PMID: 38844469 PMCID: PMC11156930 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ordinary sensations from inside the body are important causes and consequences of our affective states and behaviour, yet the roles of neurotransmitters in interoceptive processing have been unclear. With a within-subjects design, this experiment tested the impacts of acute increases of endogenous extracellular serotonin on the neural processing of attended internal sensations and the links of these effects to anxiety using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (20 mg CITALOPRAM) and a PLACEBO. Twenty-one healthy volunteers (fourteen female, mean age 23.9) completed the Visceral Interoceptive Attention (VIA) task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with each treatment. The VIA task required focused attention on the heart, stomach, or visual sensation. The relative neural interoceptive responses to heart sensation [heart minus visual attention] (heart-IR) and stomach sensation [stomach minus visual attention] (stomach-IR) were compared between treatments. Visual attention subtraction controlled for the general effects of CITALOPRAM on sensory processing. CITALOPRAM was associated with lower interoceptive processing in viscerosensory (the stomach-IR of bilateral posterior insular cortex) and integrative/affective (the stomach-IR and heart-IR of bilateral amygdala) components of interoceptive neural pathways. In anterior insular cortex, CITALOPRAM reductions of heart-IR depended on anxiety levels, removing a previously known association between anxiety and the region's response to attended heart sensation observed with PLACEBO. Preliminary post hoc analysis indicated that CITALOPRAM effects on the stomach-IR of the amygdalae corresponded to acute anxiety changes. This direct evidence of general and anxiety-linked serotonergic influence on neural interoceptive processes advances our understanding of interoception, its regulation, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina I Skora
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Sussex Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Sussex Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
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16
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Xue B, Hou Z, Deng Z, Sun S, Zhang C, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xie J. Survival outcome and predictors of WHO grade 2 and 3 insular gliomas: A classification based on the tumor spread. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7377. [PMID: 38850123 PMCID: PMC11161818 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify if clinical features and survival outcomes of insular glioma patients are associated with our classification based on the tumor spread. METHODS Our study included 283 consecutive patients diagnosed with histological grade 2 and 3 insular gliomas. A new classification was proposed, and tumors restricted to the paralimbic system were defined as type 1. When tumors invaded the limbic system (referred to as the hippocampus and its surrounding structures in this study) simultaneously, they were defined as type 2. Tumors with additional internal capsule involvement were defined as type 3. RESULTS Tumors defined as type 3 had a higher age at diagnosis (p = 0.002) and a higher preoperative volume (p < 0.001). Furthermore, type 3 was more likely to be diagnosed as IDH wild type (p < 0.001), with a higher rate of Ki-67 index (p = 0.015) and a lower rate of gross total resection (p < 0.001). Type 1 had a slower tumor growth rate than type 2 (mean 3.3%/month vs. 19.8%/month; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the extent of resection (HR 0.259, p = 0.004), IDH status (HR 3.694, p = 0.012), and tumor spread type (HR = 1.874, p = 0.012) as independent predictors of overall survival (OS). Tumor grade (HR 2.609, p = 0.008), the extent of resection (HR 0.488, p = 0.038), IDH status (HR 2.225, p = 0.025), and tumor spread type (HR 1.531, p = 0.038) were significant in predicting progression-free survival (PFS). CONCLUSION The current study proposes a classification of the insular glioma according to the tumor spread. It indicates that the tumors defined as type 1 have a relatively better nature and biological characteristics, and those defined as type 3 can be more aggressive and refractory. Besides its predictive value for prognosis, the classification has potential value in formulating surgical strategies for patients with insular gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xue
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zonggang Hou
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhenghai Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Shengjun Sun
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Department of RadiologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yuesong Pan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenye Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
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17
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Fani N, Fulton T, Botzanowski B. The Neurophysiology of Interoceptive Disruptions in Trauma-Exposed Populations. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38678141 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In the aftermath of psychological trauma, many individuals experience perturbations in interoception, a term that broadly references the ability to accurately detect body signals and integrate these signals with emotional states. These interoceptive disruptions can manifest in different ways, including blunting or amplification of sensitivity to internal physiological signals. In this chapter we review extant neurophysiological research on interoception in trauma-exposed populations, with a particular focus on the effects of chronic interpersonal trauma, such as childhood maltreatment and racial discrimination. We explore research that used different types of interoceptive assays, from self-report measures to electrophysiological and neuroimaging tools to characterize the disruptions in pain perception, interoceptive acuity, and physiological responses that may arise after a traumatic event. Finally, we discuss interventions that are designed to target interoceptive mechanisms, from exposure-based therapies to mindfulness-based practices, as well as future directions in trauma interoception research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Travis Fulton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Boris Botzanowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chen TY, Zhu JD, Tsai SJ, Yang AC. Exploring morphological similarity and randomness in Alzheimer's disease using adjacent grey matter voxel-based structural analysis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:88. [PMID: 38654366 PMCID: PMC11036786 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is characterized by large-scale structural changes in a specific pattern. Recent studies developed morphological similarity networks constructed by brain regions similar in structural features to represent brain structural organization. However, few studies have used local morphological properties to explore inter-regional structural similarity in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Here, we sourced T1-weighted MRI images of 342 cognitively normal participants and 276 individuals with Alzheimer's disease from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. The relationships of grey matter intensity between adjacent voxels were defined and converted to the structural pattern indices. We conducted the information-based similarity method to evaluate the structural similarity of structural pattern organization between brain regions. Besides, we examined the structural randomness on brain regions. Finally, the relationship between the structural randomness and cognitive performance of individuals with Alzheimer's disease was assessed by stepwise regression. RESULTS Compared to cognitively normal participants, individuals with Alzheimer's disease showed significant structural pattern changes in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and olfactory cortex. Additionally, individuals with Alzheimer's disease showed that the bilateral insula had decreased inter-regional structural similarity with frontal regions, while the bilateral hippocampus had increased inter-regional structural similarity with temporal and subcortical regions. For the structural randomness, we found significant decreases in the temporal and subcortical areas and significant increases in the occipital and frontal regions. The regression analysis showed that the structural randomness of five brain regions was correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that individuals with Alzheimer's disease alter micro-structural patterns and morphological similarity with the insula and hippocampus. Structural randomness of individuals with Alzheimer's disease changed in temporal, frontal, and occipital brain regions. Morphological similarity and randomness provide valuable insight into brain structural organization in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Digital Medicine and Smart Healthcare Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ding Zhu
- Digital Medicine and Smart Healthcare Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Digital Medicine and Smart Healthcare Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Funk AT, Hassan AAO, Waugh JL. In humans, insulo-striate structural connectivity is largely biased toward either striosome-like or matrix-like striatal compartments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.07.588409. [PMID: 38645229 PMCID: PMC11030402 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.07.588409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, and insular dysfunction is associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular afferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. The targets of these insulo-striate projections are organized into tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These striatal compartments have distinct embryologic origins, afferent and efferent connectivity, dopamine pharmacology, and susceptibility to injury. Striosome and matrix appear to occupy separate sets of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops, so a bias in insulo-striate projections towards one compartment may also embed an insular subregion in distinct regulatory and functional networks. Compartment-specific mapping of insulo-striate structural connectivity is sparse; the insular subregions are largely unmapped for compartment-specific projections. In 100 healthy adults, we utilized probabilistic diffusion tractography to map and quantify structural connectivity between 19 structurally-defined insular subregions and each striatal compartment. Insulo-striate streamlines that reached striosome-like and matrix-like voxels were concentrated in distinct insular zones (striosome: rostro- and caudoventral; matrix: caudodorsal) and followed different paths to reach the striatum. Though tractography was generated independently in each hemisphere, the spatial distribution and relative bias of striosome-like and matrix-like streamlines were highly similar in the left and right insula. 16 insular subregions were significantly biased towards one compartment: seven toward striosome-like voxels and nine toward matrix-like voxels. Striosome-favoring bundles had significantly higher streamline density, especially from rostroventral insular subregions. The biases in insulo-striate structural connectivity we identified mirrored the compartment-specific biases identified in prior studies that utilized injected tract tracers, cytoarchitecture, or functional MRI. Segregating insulo-striate structural connectivity through either striosome or matrix may be an anatomic substrate for functional specialization among the insular subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- AT Funk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - AAO Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - JL Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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Strohman A, Isaac G, Payne B, Verdonk C, Khalsa SS, Legon W. Low-intensity focused ultrasound to the human insular cortex differentially modulates the heartbeat-evoked potential: a proof-of-concept study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584152. [PMID: 38559271 PMCID: PMC10979877 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) is a brain response time-locked to the heartbeat and a potential marker of interoceptive processing. The insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are brain regions that may be involved in generating the HEP. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can selectively target sub-regions of the insula and dACC to better understand their contributions to the HEP. Objective Proof-of-concept study to determine whether LIFU modulation of the anterior insula (AI), posterior insula (PI), and dACC influences the HEP. Methods In a within-subject, repeated-measures design, healthy human participants (n=16) received 10 minutes of stereotaxically targeted LIFU to the AI, PI, dACC or Sham at rest during continuous electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recording on separate days. Primary outcome was change in HEP amplitudes. Relationships between LIFU pressure and HEP changes were examined using linear mixed modelling. Peripheral indices of visceromotor output including heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were explored between conditions. Results Relative to sham, LIFU to the PI, but not AI or dACC, decreased HEP amplitudes; this was partially explained by increased LIFU pressure. LIFU did not affect time or frequency dependent measures of HRV. Conclusions These results demonstrate the ability to modulate HEP amplitudes via non-invasive targeting of key interoceptive brain regions. Our findings have implications for the causal role of these areas in bottom-up heart-brain communication that could guide future work investigating the HEP as a marker of interoceptive processing in healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Strohman
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Gabriel Isaac
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Brighton Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Charles Verdonk
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- VIFASOM (EA 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Wynn Legon
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Center for Human Neuroscience Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
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Qin Y, Sun Q, Wang L, Hu F, Zhang Q, Wang W, Li W, Wang Y. DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism-related functional connectivity between anterior insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predicts the retention time in heroin-dependent individuals under methadone maintenance treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:433-443. [PMID: 37400684 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) TaqIA polymorphism has an influence on addiction treatment response and prognosis by mediating brain dopaminergic system efficacy. Insula is crucial for conscious urges to take drugs and maintain drug use. However, it remains unclear about the contribution of DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism to the regulation of insular on addiction behavioral and its relation with the therapeutic effect of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS 57 male former heroin dependents receiving stable MMT and 49 matched male healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Salivary genotyping for DRD2 TaqA1 and A2 alleles, brain resting-state functional MRI scan and a 24-month follow-up for collecting illegal-drug-use information was conducted and followed by clustering of functional connectivity (FC) patterns of HC insula, insula subregion parcellation of MMT patients, comparing the whole brain FC maps between the A1 carriers and non-carriers and analyzing the correlation between the genotype-related FC of insula sub-regions with the retention time in MMT patients by Cox regression. RESULTS Two insula subregions were identified: the anterior insula (AI) and the posterior insula (PI) subregion. The A1 carriers had a reduced FC between the left AI and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) relative to no carriers. And this reduced FC was a poor prognostic factor for the retention time in MMT patients. CONCLUSION DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism affects the retention time in heroin-dependent individuals under MMT by mediating the functional connectivity strength between left AI and right dlPFC, and the two brain regions are promising therapeutic targets for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinli Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Shaannxi Provincial Geology and Mineral Resources Bureau, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Reis SL, Monteiro P. From synaptic dysfunction to atypical emotional processing in autism. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:269-282. [PMID: 38233224 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition mainly characterized by social impairments and repetitive behaviors. Among these core symptoms, a notable aspect of ASD is the presence of emotional complexities, including high rates of anxiety disorders. The inherent heterogeneity of ASD poses a unique challenge in understanding its etiological origins, yet the utilization of diverse animal models replicating ASD traits has enabled researchers to dissect the intricate relationship between autism and atypical emotional processing. In this review, we delve into the general findings about the neural circuits underpinning one of the most extensively researched and evolutionarily conserved emotional states: fear and anxiety. Additionally, we explore how distinct ASD animal models exhibit various anxiety phenotypes, making them a crucial tool for dissecting ASD's multifaceted nature. Overall, to a proper display of fear response, it is crucial to properly process and integrate sensorial and visceral cues to the fear-induced stimuli. ASD individuals exhibit altered sensory processing, possibly contributing to the emergence of atypical phobias, a prevailing anxiety disorder manifested in this population. Moreover, these individuals display distinctive alterations in a pivotal fear and anxiety processing hub, the amygdala. By examining the neurobiological mechanisms underlying fear and anxiety regulation, we can gain insights into the factors contributing to the distinctive emotional profile observed in individuals with ASD. Such insights hold the potential to pave the way for more targeted interventions and therapies that address the emotional challenges faced by individuals within the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Reis
- Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Department of Biomedicine - Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal
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Peattie ARD, Manktelow AE, Sahakian BJ, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Methylphenidate Ameliorates Behavioural and Neurobiological Deficits in Executive Function for Patients with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2024; 13:771. [PMID: 38337465 PMCID: PMC10856064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in cognitive impairments, including in visuospatial planning and executive function. Methylphenidate (MPh) demonstrates potential improvements in several cognitive domains in patients with TBI. The Tower of London (TOL) is a visuospatial planning task used to assess executive function. (2) Methods: Volunteers with a history of TBI (n = 16) participated in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, fMRI study to investigate the neurobiological correlates of visuospatial planning and executive function, on and off MPh. (3) Results: Healthy controls (HCs) (n = 18) and patients on placebo (TBI-placebo) differed significantly in reaction time (p < 0.0005) and accuracy (p < 0.0001) when considering all task loads, but especially for high cognitive loads for reaction time (p < 0.001) and accuracy (p < 0.005). Across all task loads, TBI-MPh were more accurate than TBI-placebo (p < 0.05) but remained less accurate than HCs (p < 0.005). TBI-placebo substantially improved in accuracy with MPh administration (TBI-MPh) to a level statistically comparable to HCs at low (p = 0.443) and high (p = 0.175) cognitive loads. Further, individual patients that performed slower on placebo at low cognitive loads were faster with MPh (p < 0.05), while individual patients that performed less accurately on placebo were more accurate with MPh at both high and low cognitive loads (p < 0.005). TBI-placebo showed reduced activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFG) and insulae versus HCs. MPh normalised these regional differences. MPh enhanced within-network connectivity (between parietal, striatal, insula, and cerebellar regions) and enhanced beyond-network connectivity (between parietal, thalamic, and cerebellar regions). Finally, individual changes in cerebellar-thalamic (p < 0.005) and cerebellar-parietal (p < 0.05) connectivity with MPh related to individual changes in accuracy with MPh. (4) Conclusions: This work highlights behavioural and neurofunctional differences between HCs and patients with chronic TBI, and that adverse differences may benefit from MPh treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. D. Peattie
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 165, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne E. Manktelow
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 165, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Barbara J. Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
| | - David K. Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 65, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.E.M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 165, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Braine A, Georges F. Emotion in action: When emotions meet motor circuits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105475. [PMID: 37996047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a remarkably complex organ responsible for a wide range of functions, including the modulation of emotional states and movement. Neuronal circuits are believed to play a crucial role in integrating sensory, cognitive, and emotional information to ultimately guide motor behavior. Over the years, numerous studies employing diverse techniques such as electrophysiology, imaging, and optogenetics have revealed a complex network of neural circuits involved in the regulation of emotional or motor processes. Emotions can exert a substantial influence on motor performance, encompassing both everyday activities and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to explore how emotional states can shape movements by connecting the neural circuits for emotional processing to motor neural circuits. We first provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of different emotional states on motor control in humans and rodents. In line with behavioral studies, we set out to identify emotion-related structures capable of modulating motor output, behaviorally and anatomically. Neuronal circuits involved in emotional processing are extensively connected to the motor system. These circuits can drive emotional behavior, essential for survival, but can also continuously shape ongoing movement. In summary, the investigation of the intricate relationship between emotion and movement offers valuable insights into human behavior, including opportunities to enhance performance, and holds promise for improving mental and physical health. This review integrates findings from multiple scientific approaches, including anatomical tracing, circuit-based dissection, and behavioral studies, conducted in both animal and human subjects. By incorporating these different methodologies, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the emotional modulation of movement in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Braine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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25
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Singh A, Pandey HR, Arya A, Agarwal V, Shree R, Kumar U. Altered white matter integrity in euthymic children with bipolar disorder: A tract-based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:820-827. [PMID: 37597779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness that affects children and adolescents, characterized by episodes of mania, depression, and mixed episodes. Recent studies have suggested that abnormalities in the white matter (WM) may be a contributing factor. The neuropathogenesis of BD in children is not well-described, and research in this area is limited. Euthymic phase is a period in which clinical symptoms are present but not severe enough to significantly impact mood and daily behavior. In order to better understand the WM changes associated with BD in children, this study utilized Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), to investigate alterations in WM microstructure. 20 confirmed euthymic BD children (aged 7-16) and 20 typically developing children were included in the study. DTI scans were obtained using a 3 T Magnetom Skyra and were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to examine changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Results showed that compared to the healthy control group, the euthymic BD group exhibited increased FA, AD, RD, and MD values in several brain regions, including the thalamus, precentral corticospinal tract, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Conversely, decreased values were observed in the body of the corpus callosum and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These findings suggest that alterations in WM microstructure are a hallmark of pediatric bipolar disorder. These findings provide important insights into the brain changes associated with pediatric bipolar disorder and open the door for new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Singh
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India; Department of Information Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Himanshu R Pandey
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amit Arya
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Raj Shree
- Department of Information Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India.
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26
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Araújo RP, Figueiredo P, Pinto J, Vilela P, Martins IP, Gil-Gouveia R. Altered functional connectivity in a sensorimotor-insular network during spontaneous migraine attacks: A resting-state FMRI study. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148513. [PMID: 37499729 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified brain-connectivity alterations across multiple regions in people with migraine when compared to healthy controls. Few studies have focused on such changes throughout the different phases of the migraine cycle. We aimed to investigate functional connectivity during spontaneous occurring episodic migraine attacks, in comparison to interictal periods. METHODS Eleven women with episodic migraine without aura underwent two sessions of resting-state fMRI, during and outside of a spontaneous migraine attack. Functional connectivity changes were assessed across canonical resting-state networks, identified by independent component analysis. Significantly altered connectivity was correlated with migraine attack symptoms. RESULTS Decreased functional connectivity between subregions of the sensorimotor network (specifically, the primary somatosensory and motor cortices) and the posterior insula, bilaterally, was found during attacks. In both sessions, the functional connectivity between these regions was lower in patients who usually suffered longer attacks. DISCUSSION The sensorimotor and insular regions are involved in nociceptive, autonomic, and somatosensory processing so the finding of reduced connectivity between these structures within a migraine attack is likely associated to the perception of pain and the heighten sensitivity to stimuli experienced in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pestana Araújo
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford
| | - Pedro Vilela
- Neuroradiology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pavão Martins
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Gil-Gouveia
- Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Lyu H, Zhu X, He N, Li Q, Yin Q, Huang Y, Yan F, Liu J, Lu Y. Alterations in Resting-State MR Functional Connectivity of the Central Autonomic Network in Multiple System Atrophy and Relationship with Disease Severity. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1472-1487. [PMID: 36988420 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central autonomic network (CAN) plays a critical role in the body's sympathetic and parasympathetic control. However, functional connectivity (FC) changes of the CAN in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) remain unknown. PURPOSE To investigate FC alterations of CAN in MSA patients. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Eighty-two subjects (47 patients with MSA [44.7% female, 60.5 ± 6.9 years], 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls [HC] [57.1% female, 62.5 ± 6.6 years]). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3-T, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) using gradient echo-planar imaging (EPI), T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (3D MPRAGE) structural MRI. ASSESSMENT FC alterations were explored by using core modulatory regions of CAN as seeds, including midcingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Bartlett factor score (BFS) derived from a factor analysis of clinical assessments on disease severity was used as a grouping factor for moderate MSA (mMSA: BFS < 0) and severe MSA (sMSA: BFS > 0). STATISTICAL TESTS For FC analysis, the one-way ANCOVA with cluster-level family-wise error correction (statistical significance level of P < 0.025), and post hoc t-testing with Bonferroni correction or Tamhane's T2 correction (statistical significance level of adjusted-P < 0.05) were adopted. Correlation was assessed using Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation (statistical significance level of P < 0.05). RESULTS Compared with HC, patients with MSA exhibited significant FC aberrances between the CAN and brain areas of sensorimotor control, limbic network, putamen, and cerebellum. For MSA patients, most FC alterations of CAN, especially concerning FC between the right anterior insula and right primary sensorimotor cortices, were found to be significantly correlated with disease severity. FC changes were found to be more significant in sMSA group than in mMSA group when compared with HCs. DATA CONCLUSION MSA shows widespread FC changes of CAN, suggesting that abnormal functional integration of CAN may be involved in disease pathogenesis of MSA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyi Yin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rexach JE, Cheng Y, Chen L, Polioudakis D, Lin LC, Mitri V, Elkins A, Yin A, Calini D, Kawaguchi R, Ou J, Huang J, Williams C, Robinson J, Gaus SE, Spina S, Lee EB, Grinberg LT, Vinters H, Trojanowski JQ, Seeley WW, Malhotra D, Geschwind DH. Disease-specific selective vulnerability and neuroimmune pathways in dementia revealed by single cell genomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560245. [PMID: 37808727 PMCID: PMC10557766 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of successful therapeutics for dementias requires an understanding of their shared and distinct molecular features in the human brain. We performed single-nuclear RNAseq and ATACseq in Alzheimer disease (AD), Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), analyzing 40 participants, yielding over 1.4M cells from three brain regions ranging in vulnerability and pathological burden. We identify 35 shared disease-associated cell types and 14 that are disease-specific, replicating those previously identified in AD. Disease - specific cell states represent molecular features of disease-specific glial-immune mechanisms and neuronal vulnerability in each disorder, layer 4/5 intra-telencephalic neurons in AD, layer 2/3 intra-telencephalic neurons in FTD, and layer 5/6 near-projection neurons in PSP. We infer intrinsic disease-associated gene regulatory networks, which we empirically validate by chromatin footprinting. We find that causal genetic risk acts in specific neuronal and glial cells that differ across disorders, primarily non-neuronal cells in AD and specific neuronal subtypes in FTD and PSP. These data illustrate the heterogeneous spectrum of glial and neuronal composition and gene expression alterations in different dementias and identify new therapeutic targets by revealing shared and disease-specific cell states.
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Geissmann L, Coynel D, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Neurofunctional underpinnings of individual differences in visual episodic memory performance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5694. [PMID: 37709747 PMCID: PMC10502056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory, the ability to consciously recollect information and its context, varies substantially among individuals. While prior fMRI studies have identified certain brain regions linked to successful memory encoding at a group level, their role in explaining individual memory differences remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyze fMRI data of 1,498 adults participating in a picture encoding task in a single MRI scanner. We find that individual differences in responsivity of the hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex account for individual variability in episodic memory performance. While these regions also emerge in our group-level analysis, other regions, predominantly within the lateral occipital cortex, are related to successful memory encoding but not to individual memory variation. Furthermore, our network-based approach reveals a link between the responsivity of nine functional connectivity networks and individual memory variability. Our work provides insights into the neurofunctional correlates of individual differences in visual episodic memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Geissmann
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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30
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Hazelton JL, Devenney E, Ahmed R, Burrell J, Hwang Y, Piguet O, Kumfor F. Hemispheric contributions toward interoception and emotion recognition in left-vs right-semantic dementia. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108628. [PMID: 37348648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemispheric contributions toward interoception, the perception of internal bodily cues, and emotion recognition remains unclear. Semantic dementia cases with either left-dominant (i.e., left-SD) or right-dominant (i.e., right-SD) anterior temporal lobe atrophy experience emotion recognition difficulties, however, little is known about interoception in these syndromes. Here, we hypothesised that right-SD would show worse interoception and emotion recognition due to right-dominant atrophy. METHODS Thirty-five participants (8 left-SD; 6 right-SD; 21 controls) completed a monitoring task. Participants pressed a button when they: (1) felt their heartbeat, without pulse measurement (Interoception); or (2) heard a recorded heartbeat (Exteroception-control). Simultaneous ECG was recorded. Accuracy was calculated by comparing the event frequency (i.e., heartbeat or sound) to response frequency. Emotion recognition was assessed via the Facial Affect Selection Task. Voxel-based morphometry analyses identified neural correlates of interoception and emotion recognition. RESULTS Right-SD showed worse interoception than controls and left-SD (both p's < 0.001). Both patient groups showed worse emotion recognition than controls (right-SD: p < .001; left-SD: p = .018), and right-SD showed worse emotion recognition than left-SD (p = .003). Regression analyses revealed that worse emotion recognition was predicted by right-SD (p = .002), left-SD (p = .005), and impaired interoception (p = .004). Interoception and emotion were associated with the integrity of right-lateralised structures including the insula, temporal pole, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, and hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence for impaired interoception in right-SD, suggesting that impaired emotion recognition in this syndrome is driven by inaccurate internal monitoring. Further we identified a common neurobiological basis for interoception and emotion in the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Hazelton
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Devenney
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health Translational Research Collective, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekah Ahmed
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Memory and Cognition Clinic, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Burrell
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yun Hwang
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Gosford General Hospital, Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Kumfor
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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31
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Müller UJ, Schmalenbach LJ, Dobrowolny H, Guest PC, Schlaaff K, Mawrin C, Truebner K, Bogerts B, Gos T, Bernstein HG, Steiner J. Reduced anterior insular cortex volume in male heroin addicts: a postmortem study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1233-1241. [PMID: 36719479 PMCID: PMC9888352 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We and others have observed reduced volumes of brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, hypothalamus, and habenula in opioid addiction. Notably, the insular cortex has been under increasing study in addiction, and a smaller anterior insula has been found in alcohol-addicted cases. Here, we have investigated whether similar effects occur in heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. Volumes of the anterior and posterior insula in heroin addicts (n = 14) and controls (n = 13) were assessed by morphometry of Nissl-myelin-stained serial whole-brain coronal sections. The mean relative volume of the anterior insular cortex was smaller than in non-addicted controls (3010 ± 614 *10-6 versus 3970 ± 1306 *10-6; p = 0.021). However, no significant differences in neuronal cell counts were observed. Therefore, the observed volume reduction appears to be a consequence of damaged connecting structures such as neuropil and glial cells. The findings were not confounded by age or duration of autolysis. Our results provide further evidence of structural deficits in key hubs of the addiction circuitry in heroin-dependent individuals and warrant further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Lucas J Schmalenbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research On Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying, Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Truebner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research On Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying, Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
- Center for Health Und Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany.
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32
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Thomasson M, Voruz P, Cionca A, Jacot de Alcântara I, Nuber-Champier A, Allali G, Benzakour L, Lalive PH, Lövblad KO, Braillard O, Nehme M, Coen M, Serratrice J, Reny JL, Pugin J, Guessous I, Landis BN, Griffa A, Van De Ville D, Assal F, Péron JA. Markers of limbic system damage following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad177. [PMID: 37415776 PMCID: PMC10320753 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the limbic system may be present in the chronic phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our aim was to study the long-term impact of this disease on limbic system-related behaviour and its associated brain functional connectivity, according to the severity of respiratory symptoms in the acute phase. To this end, we investigated the multimodal emotion recognition abilities of 105 patients from the Geneva COVID-COG Cohort 223 days on average after SARS-CoV-2 infection (diagnosed between March 2020 and May 2021), dividing them into three groups (severe, moderate or mild) according to respiratory symptom severity in the acute phase. We used multiple regressions and partial least squares correlation analyses to investigate the relationships between emotion recognition, olfaction, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional brain networks. Six to 9 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection, moderate patients exhibited poorer recognition abilities than mild patients for expressions of fear (P = 0.03 corrected), as did severe patients for disgust (P = 0.04 corrected) and irritation (P < 0.01 corrected). In the whole cohort, these performances were associated with decreased episodic memory and anosmia, but not with depressive symptoms, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroimaging revealed a positive contribution of functional connectivity, notably between the cerebellum and the default mode, somatosensory motor and salience/ventral attention networks. These results highlight the long-term consequences of SARS-Cov-2 infection on the limbic system at both the behavioural and neuroimaging levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Cionca
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Isabele Jacot de Alcântara
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Nuber-Champier
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Allali
- Leenaards Memory Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1205, Switzerland
| | - Lamyae Benzakour
- Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Neurology Department, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Olof Lövblad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Braillard
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Mayssam Nehme
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Coen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
- Intensive Care Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Basile N Landis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Leenaards Memory Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1205, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Assal
- Neurology Department, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1011, Switzerland
| | - Julie A Péron
- Correspondence to: Julie Péron Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l’Education Université de Genève, 40 bd du Pont d’Arve 1205 Geneva, Switzerland E-mail:
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Mallela AN, Deng H, Gholipour A, Warfield SK, Goldschmidt E. Heterogeneous growth of the insula shapes the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220200120. [PMID: 37279278 PMCID: PMC10268209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cerebrum consists of a precise and stereotyped arrangement of lobes, primary gyri, and connectivity that underlies human cognition [P. Rakic, Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 724-735 (2009)]. The development of this arrangement is less clear. Current models explain individual primary gyrification but largely do not account for the global configuration of the cerebral lobes [T. Tallinen, J. Y. Chung, J. S. Biggins, L. Mahadevan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 12667-12672 (2014) and D. C. Van Essen, Nature 385, 313-318 (1997)]. The insula, buried in the depths of the Sylvian fissure, is unique in terms of gyral anatomy and size. Here, we quantitatively show that the insula has unique morphology and location in the cerebrum and that these key differences emerge during fetal development. Finally, we identify quantitative differences in developmental migration patterns to the insula that may underlie these differences. We calculated morphologic data in the insula and other lobes in adults (N = 107) and in an in utero fetal brain atlas (N = 81 healthy fetuses). In utero, the insula grows an order of magnitude slower than the other lobes and demonstrates shallower sulci, less curvature, and less surface complexity both in adults and progressively throughout fetal development. Spherical projection analysis demonstrates that the lenticular nuclei obstruct 60 to 70% of radial pathways from the ventricular zone (VZ) to the insula, forcing a curved migration to the insula in contrast to a direct radial pathway. Using fetal diffusion tractography, we identify radial glial fascicles that originate from the VZ and curve around the lenticular nuclei to form the insula. These results confirm existing models of radial migration to the cortex and illustrate findings that suggest differential insular and cerebral development, laying the groundwork to understand cerebral malformations and insular function and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka N. Mallela
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Hansen Deng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Ali Gholipour
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Simon K. Warfield
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Ezequiel Goldschmidt
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
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34
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Hazelton JL, Fittipaldi S, Fraile-Vazquez M, Sourty M, Legaz A, Hudson AL, Cordero IG, Salamone PC, Yoris A, Ibañez A, Piguet O, Kumfor F. Thinking versus feeling: How interoception and cognition influence emotion recognition in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Cortex 2023; 163:66-79. [PMID: 37075507 PMCID: PMC11177281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Disease-specific mechanisms underlying emotion recognition difficulties in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. Interoceptive accuracy, accurately detecting internal cues (e.g., one's heart beating), and cognitive abilities are candidate mechanisms underlying emotion recognition. One hundred and sixty-eight participants (52 bvFTD; 41 AD; 24 PD; 51 controls) were recruited. Emotion recognition was measured via the Facial Affect Selection Task or the Mini-Social and Emotional Assessment Emotion Recognition Task. Interoception was assessed with a heartbeat detection task. Participants pressed a button each time they: 1) felt their heartbeat (Interoception); or 2) heard a recorded heartbeat (Exteroception-control). Cognition was measured via the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Voxel-based morphometry analyses identified neural correlates associated with emotion recognition and interoceptive accuracy. All patient groups showed worse emotion recognition and cognition than controls (all P's ≤ .008). Only the bvFTD showed worse interoceptive accuracy than controls (P < .001). Regression analyses revealed that in bvFTD worse interoceptive accuracy predicted worse emotion recognition (P = .008). Whereas worse cognition predicted worse emotion recognition overall (P < .001). Neuroimaging analyses revealed that the insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala were involved in emotion recognition and interoceptive accuracy in bvFTD. Here, we provide evidence for disease-specific mechanisms for emotion recognition difficulties. In bvFTD, emotion recognition impairment is driven by inaccurate perception of the internal milieu. Whereas, in AD and PD, cognitive impairment likely underlies emotion recognition deficits. The current study furthers our theoretical understanding of emotion and highlights the need for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Hazelton
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC) Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Fraile-Vazquez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC) Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marion Sourty
- The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Engineering, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agustina Legaz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC) Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anna L Hudson
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia; The University of New South Wales, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Indira Garcia Cordero
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC) Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paula C Salamone
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adrian Yoris
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC) Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona Kumfor
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia.
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Yang X, Guo D, Huang W, Chen B. Intrinsic Brain Functional Activity Abnormalities in Episodic Tension-Type Headache. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:6560298. [PMID: 37266410 PMCID: PMC10232109 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6560298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The neurobiological basis of episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) remains largely unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore intrinsic brain functional activity alterations in ETTH. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected from 32 patients with ETTH and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Differences in intrinsic brain functional activity between patients with ETTH and HCs were analyzed utilizing the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) approach. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between fALFF alterations and clinical characteristics. Results Compared to HCs, patients with ETTH exhibited increased fALFF in the right posterior insula and anterior insula and decreased fALFF in the posterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, the fALFF in the right anterior insula was negatively correlated with attack frequency in ETTH. Conclusions This study highlights alterations in the intrinsic brain functional activity in the insula and posterior cingulate cortex in ETTH that can help us understand its neurobiological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - DianXuan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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Legon W, Strohman A, In A, Stebbins K, Payne B. Non-invasive neuromodulation of sub-regions of the human insula differentially affect pain processing and heart-rate variability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539593. [PMID: 37205396 PMCID: PMC10187309 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The insula is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus covered by the overlying opercula of the inferior frontal lobe and superior portion of the temporal lobe. The insula has been parsed into sub-regions based upon cytoarchitectonics and structural and functional connectivity with multiple lines of evidence supporting specific roles for each of these sub-regions in pain processing and interoception. In the past, causal interrogation of the insula was only possible in patients with surgically implanted electrodes. Here, we leverage the high spatial resolution combined with the deep penetration depth of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to non-surgically modulate either the anterior insula (AI) or posterior insula (PI) in humans for effect on subjective pain ratings, electroencephalographic (EEG) contact head evoked potentials (CHEPs) and time-frequency power as well as autonomic measures including heart-rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal response (EDR). N = 23 healthy volunteers received brief noxious heat pain stimuli to the dorsum of their right hand during continuous heart-rate, EDR and EEG recording. LIFU was delivered to either the AI (anterior short gyrus), PI (posterior longus gyrus) or under an inert sham condition time-locked to the heat stimulus. Results demonstrate that single-element 500 kHz LIFU is capable of individually targeting specific gyri of the insula. LIFU to both AI and PI similarly reduced perceived pain ratings but had differential effects on EEG activity. LIFU to PI affected earlier EEG amplitudes around 300 milliseconds whereas LIFU to AI affected EEG amplitudes around 500 milliseconds. In addition, only LIFU to the AI affected HRV as indexed by an increase in standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) and mean HRV low frequency power. There was no effect of LIFU to either AI or PI on EDR or blood pressure. Taken together, LIFU looks to be an effective method to individually target sub-regions of the insula in humans for site-specific effects on brain biomarkers of pain processing and autonomic reactivity that translates to reduced perceived pain to a transient heat stimulus. These data have implications for the treatment of chronic pain and several neuropsychological diseases like anxiety, depression and addiction that all demonstrate abnormal activity in the insula concomitant with dysregulated autonomic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynn Legon
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Human Neuroscience Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Andrew Strohman
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Alexander In
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Katelyn Stebbins
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Brighton Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
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Chaposhloo M, Nicholson AA, Becker S, McKinnon MC, Lanius R, Shaw SB. Altered Resting-State functional connectivity in the anterior and posterior hippocampus in Post-traumatic stress disorder: The central role of the anterior hippocampus. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103417. [PMID: 37148709 PMCID: PMC10193024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder can be viewed as a memory disorder, with trauma-related flashbacks being a core symptom. Given the central role of the hippocampus in autobiographical memory, surprisingly, there is mixed evidence concerning altered hippocampal functional connectivity in PTSD. We shed light on this discrepancy by considering the distinct roles of the anterior versus posterior hippocampus and examine how this distinction may map onto whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity patterns among those with and without PTSD. METHODS We first assessed whole-brain between-group differences in the functional connectivity profiles of the anterior and posterior hippocampus within a publicly available data set of resting-state fMRI data from 31 male Vietnam war veterans diagnosed with PTSD (mean age = 67.6 years, sd = 2.3) and 29 age-matched combat-exposed male controls (age = 69.1 years, sd = 3.5). Next, the connectivity patterns of each subject within the PTSD group were correlated with their PTSD symptom scores. Finally, the between-group differences in whole-brain functional connectivity profiles discovered for the anterior and posterior hippocampal seeds were used to prescribe post-hoc ROIs, which were then used to perform ROI-to-ROI functional connectivity and graph-theoretic analyses. RESULTS The PTSD group showed increased functional connectivity of the anterior hippocampus with affective brain regions (anterior/posterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole) and decreased functional connectivity of the anterior/posterior hippocampus with regions involved in processing bodily self-consciousness (supramarginal gyrus). Notably, decreased anterior hippocampus connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus was associated with increased PTSD symptom severity. The left anterior hippocampus also emerged as a central locus of abnormal functional connectivity, with graph-theoretic measures suggestive of a more central hub-like role for this region in those with PTSD compared to trauma-exposed controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that the anterior hippocampus plays a critical role in the neurocircuitry underlying PTSD and underscore the importance of the differential roles of hippocampal sub-regions in serving as biomarkers of PTSD. Future studies should investigate whether the differential patterns of functional connectivity stemming from hippocampal sub-regions is observed in PTSD populations other than older war veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chaposhloo
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew A Nicholson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanna Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saurabh Bhaskar Shaw
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Casamento-Moran A, Mooney RA, Chib VS, Celnik PA. Cerebellar Excitability Regulates Physical Fatigue Perception. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3094-3106. [PMID: 36914263 PMCID: PMC10146467 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1406-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is the subjective sensation of weariness, increased sense of effort, or exhaustion and is pervasive in neurologic illnesses. Despite its prevalence, we have a limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. The cerebellum, known for its role in motor control and learning, is also involved in perceptual processes. However, the role of the cerebellum in fatigue remains largely unexplored. We performed two experiments to examine whether cerebellar excitability is affected after a fatiguing task and its association with fatigue. Using a crossover design, we assessed cerebellar inhibition (CBI) and perception of fatigue in humans before and after "fatigue" and "control" tasks. Thirty-three participants (16 males, 17 females) performed five isometric pinch trials with their thumb and index finger at 80% maximum voluntary capacity (MVC) until failure (force <40% MVC; fatigue) or at 5% MVC for 30 s (control). We found that reduced CBI after the fatigue task correlated with a milder perception of fatigue. In a follow-up experiment, we investigated the behavioral consequences of reduced CBI after fatigue. We measured CBI, perception of fatigue, and performance during a ballistic goal-directed task before and after the same fatigue and control tasks. We replicated the observation that reduced CBI after the fatigue task correlated with a milder perception of fatigue and found that greater endpoint variability after the fatigue task correlated with reduced CBI. The proportional relation between cerebellar excitability and fatigue indicates a role of the cerebellum in the perception of fatigue, which might come at the expense of motor control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms in neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and chronic illnesses. Despite its epidemiological importance, there is a limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that decreased cerebellar excitability relates to lesser physical fatigue perception and worse motor control. These results showcase the role of the cerebellum in fatigue regulation and suggest that fatigue- and performance-related processes might compete for cerebellar resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Casamento-Moran
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Ronan A Mooney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Vikram S Chib
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Pablo A Celnik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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Tisserand A, Philippi N, Botzung A, Blanc F. Me, Myself and My Insula: An Oasis in the Forefront of Self-Consciousness. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040599. [PMID: 37106799 PMCID: PMC10135849 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The insula is a multiconnected brain region that centralizes a wide range of information, from the most internal bodily states, such as interoception, to high-order processes, such as knowledge about oneself. Therefore, the insula would be a core region involved in the self networks. Over the past decades, the question of the self has been extensively explored, highlighting differences in the descriptions of the various components but also similarities in the global structure of the self. Indeed, most of the researchers consider that the self comprises a phenomenological part and a conceptual part, in the present moment or extending over time. However, the anatomical substrates of the self, and more specifically the link between the insula and the self, remain unclear. We conducted a narrative review to better understand the relationship between the insula and the self and how anatomical and functional damages to the insular cortex can impact the self in various conditions. Our work revealed that the insula is involved in the most primitive levels of the present self and could consequently impact the self extended in time, namely autobiographical memory. Across different pathologies, we propose that insular damage could engender a global collapse of the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tisserand
- Geriatrics and Neurology Units, Research and Resources Memory Center (CMRR), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- Geriatrics and Neurology Units, Research and Resources Memory Center (CMRR), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Botzung
- Geriatrics and Neurology Units, Research and Resources Memory Center (CMRR), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Geriatrics and Neurology Units, Research and Resources Memory Center (CMRR), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357), 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Li YD, Luo YJ, Song J. Optimizing memory performance and emotional states: multi-level enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102693. [PMID: 36822141 PMCID: PMC10023407 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays a key role in modulating memory and emotion processing. A fundamental question remains on how to effectively modulate AHN to improve hippocampal function. Here, we review recent work on how distinct aspects of hippocampal neurogenesis, including the number, maturation state, and activity of adult-born neurons (ABNs), contribute to overall hippocampal function. We propose multi-level enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis with the combination of increased number, elevated activity, and enhanced maturation of ABNs as a potential strategy to optimize overall hippocampal performance. In addition, integration of ABNs induces significant remodeling of the local hippocampal circuits, which may in turn modulates brain-wide network dynamics. We discuss recent progress on how integration of ABNs contributes to local hippocampal circuit and brain-wide network dynamics during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. https://twitter.com/yadlee2
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus cognitive impairment using whole-brain functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3940. [PMID: 36894561 PMCID: PMC9998866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely linked to cognitive decline and alterations in brain structure and function. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is used to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases, such as cognitive impairment (CI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). However, whether the functional connectivity (FC) of patients with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment (T2DM-MCI) is conducive to early diagnosis remains unclear. To answer this question, we analyzed the rs-fMRI data of 37 patients with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment (T2DM-MCI), 93 patients with T2DM but no cognitive impairment (T2DM-NCI), and 69 normal controls (NC). We achieved an accuracy of 87.91% in T2DM-MCI versus T2DM-NCI classification and 80% in T2DM-NCI versus NC classification using the XGBoost model. The thalamus, angular, caudate nucleus, and paracentral lobule contributed most to the classification outcome. Our findings provide valuable knowledge to classify and predict T2DM-related CI, can help with early clinical diagnosis of T2DM-MCI, and provide a basis for future studies.
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Lőrincz K, Bóné B, Karádi K, Kis-Jakab G, Tóth N, Halász L, Erőss L, Balás I, Faludi B, Jordán Z, Chadaide Z, Gyimesi C, Fabó D, Janszky J. Effects of anterior thalamic nucleus DBS on interictal heart rate variability in patients with refractory epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 147:17-30. [PMID: 36630886 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart rate variability (HRV) changes were investigated by several studies after resective epilepsy surgery/vagus nerve stimulation. We examined anterior thalamic nucleus (ANT)-deep brain stimulation (DBS) effects on HRV parameters. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 30 drug-resistant epilepsy patients' medical record data and collected electrocardiographic epochs recorded during video- electroencephalography monitoring sessions while awake and during N1- or N2-stage sleep pre-DBS implantation surgery, post-surgery but pre-stimulation, and after stimulation began. RESULTS The mean square root of the mean squared differences between successive RR intervals and RR interval standard deviation values differed significantly (p < 0.05) among time-points, showing increased HRV post-surgery. High (0.15-0.4 Hz) and very low frequency (<0.04 Hz) increased, while low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) and the LF/HF ratio while awake decreased, suggesting improved autonomic regulation post-surgery. Change of effect size was larger in patients where both activated contacts were located in the ANT than in those where only one or none of the contacts hit the ANT. CONCLUSIONS In patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, ANT-DBS might positively influence autonomic regulation, as reflected by increased HRV. SIGNIFICANCE To gain a more comprehensive outcome estimation after DBS implantation, we suggest including HRV measures with seizure count in the post-surgery follow-up protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lőrincz
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Beáta Bóné
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kázmér Karádi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti u.12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Greta Kis-Jakab
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Ret u. 2., H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Natália Tóth
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - László Halász
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences, Amerikai ut 57, H-1345 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences, Amerikai ut 57, H-1345 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Balás
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Béla Faludi
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Jordán
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences, Amerikai ut 57., H-1345 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Chadaide
- University of Szeged Albert Szentgyörgyi Medical School, Tisza Lajos krt.109, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Gyimesi
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences, Amerikai ut 57., H-1345 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Janszky
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret u. 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Ret u. 2., H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
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Via E, Calvo A, de la Serna E, Blázquez A, Lázaro L, Andrés-Perpiñá S, Plana MT, Flamarique I, Martínez E, Pariente J, Moreno E, Bargallo N, Castro-Fornieles J. Longitudinal study in adolescent anorexia nervosa: evaluation of cortico-striatal and default mode network resting-state brain circuits. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:513-526. [PMID: 34604924 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) typically emerges in adolescence. The cortico-striatal system (CSTS) and the default mode network (DMN) are brain circuits with a crucial development during this period. These circuits underlie cognitive functions that are impaired in AN, such as cognitive flexibility and inhibition, among others. Little is known about their involvement in adolescent AN and how weight and symptom improvement might modulate potential alterations in these circuits. Forty-seven adolescent females (30 AN, 17 healthy control) were clinically/neuropsychologically evaluated and scanned during a 3T-MRI resting-state session on two occasions, before and after a 6-month multidisciplinary treatment of the AN patients. Baseline and baseline-to-follow-up between-group differences in CSTS and DMN resting-state connectivity were evaluated, as well as their association with clinical/neuropsychological variables. Increased connectivity between the left dorsal putamen and the left precuneus was found in AN at baseline. At follow-up, body mass index and clinical symptoms had improved in the AN group. An interaction effect was found in the connectivity between the right dorsal caudate to right mid-anterior insular cortex, with lower baseline AN connectivity that improved at follow-up; this improvement was weakly associated with changes in neuropsychological (Stroop test) performance. These results support the presence of CSTS connectivity alterations in adolescents with AN, which improve with weight and symptom improvement. In addition, at the level of caudate-insula connectivity, they might be associated with inhibitory processing performance. Alterations in CSTS pathways might be involved in AN from the early stages of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Via
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Calvo
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Blázquez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Andrés-Perpiñá
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Plana
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Flamarique
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Martínez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Image Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2017SGR881, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Solanki C, Williams J, Andrews C, Fayed I, Wu C. Insula in epilepsy - "untying the gordian knot": A systematic review. Seizure 2023; 106:148-161. [PMID: 36878050 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite significant advances in epileptology, there are still many uncertainties about the role of the insula in epilepsy. Until recently, most insular onset seizures were wrongly attributed to the temporal lobe. Further, there are no standardised approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of insular onset seizures. This systematic review gathers the available information about insular epilepsy and synthesizes current knowledge as a basis for future research. METHOD Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, studies were meticulously extracted from the PubMed database. The empirical data pertaining to the semiology of insular seizures, insular networks in epilepsy, techniques of mapping the insula, and the surgical intricacies of non-lesional insular epilepsy were reviewed from published studies. The corpus of information available was then subjected to a process of concise summarization and astute synthesis. RESULTS Out of 235 studies identified for full-text review, 86 studies were included in the systematic review. The insula emerges as a brain region with a number of functional subdivisions. The semiology of insular seizures is diverse and depends on the involvement of particular subdivisions. The semiological heterogeneity of insular seizures is explained by the extensive connectivity of the insula and its subdivisions with all four lobes of the brain, deep grey matter structures, and remote brainstem areas. The mainstay of the diagnosis of seizure onset in the insula is stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). The surgical resection of the insular epileptogenic zone (when possible) is the most effective treatment. Open surgery on the insula is challenging but magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) also holds promise. CONCLUSION The physiological and functional roles of the insula in epilepsy have remained obfuscated. The dearth of precisely defined diagnostic and therapeutic protocols acts as an impediment to scientific advancement. This review could potentially facilitate forthcoming research endeavours by establishing a foundational framework for uniform data collection protocols, thereby enhancing the feasibility of comparing findings across future studies and promoting progress in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Solanki
- Consultant Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, Sterling Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Justin Williams
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.
| | - Carrie Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.
| | - Islam Fayed
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.
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Tran TPY, Dionne A, Toffa D, Bergeron D, Obaid S, Robert M, Bouthillier A, Assi EB, Nguyen DK. Acute Effects of High-Frequency Insular Stimulation on Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Rates in Patients with Refractory Epilepsy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121616. [PMID: 36552076 PMCID: PMC9775111 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of several sites, such as the thalamus, has been shown to reduce seizure frequency and interictal epileptiform activity in patients with refractory epilepsy. Recent findings have demonstrated that the insula is part of the ‘rich club’ of highly connected brain regions. This pilot study investigated short-term effects of high-frequency (HF) insular DBS on interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) rate in patients with refractory epilepsy. Methods: Six patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing an intracranial electroencephalographic study received two sets of 10 min continuous 150 Hz HF-DBS of the insula. For each patient, epileptiform activity was analyzed for a total of 80 min, starting 20 min prior to stimulation set 1 (S1), and ending 20 min after stimulation set 2 (S2). All IEDs were identified and classified according to their anatomic localization by a board-certified epileptologist. The IED rate during the 20 min preceding S1 served as a baseline for comparison with IED rate during S1, S2 and post-stimulation periods. Results: HF-DBS of the anterior insula (aINS) was performed in a patient with an aINS epileptic focus (patient 1). HF-DBS of the posterior insula (pINS) was performed in two patients with a pINS epileptic focus (patients 2 and 4), in one patient with an aINS focus (patient 3), and in two non-insular patients (patients 5 and 6). The total IED (irrespective of their location) rate significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in two patients (patients 1 and 2) during the stimulation period, whereas it significantly increased (p < 0.01) in one patient (patient 6); there was no change in the other three patients. Looking at subsets of spike localization, HF-DBS of the aINS significantly reduced aINS and orbitofrontal IEDs in patient 1 (p < 0.01), while HF-DBS of the pINS had an effect on pINS IEDs (p < 0.01) in both patients with a pINS focus; there was no significant effect of HF-DBS of the insula on IEDs in temporal or other frontal regions. Conclusion: Short-term HF-DBS of the insula had heterogeneous effects on the IED rate. Further work is required to examine factors underlying these heterogeneous effects, such as stimulation frequency, location of IEDs and subregions of the insula stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuoc Yen Tran
- CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vinmec Central Park International Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Dionne
- CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Denahin Toffa
- CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - David Bergeron
- Division of Neurosurgery, CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sami Obaid
- Division of Neurosurgery, CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Manon Robert
- CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elie Bou Assi
- CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, CHUM Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Hudson M, Johnson MI. Definition and attributes of the emotional memory images underlying psychophysiological dis-ease. Front Psychol 2022; 13:947952. [PMID: 36452371 PMCID: PMC9702567 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.947952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we proposed a "Split-second Unlearning" model to explain how emotional memories could be preventing clients from adapting to the stressors of daily living, thus forming a barrier to learning, health and well-being. We suggested that these emotional memories were mental images stored inside the mind as 'emotional memory images' (EMIs). OBJECTIVE To elaborate on the nature of these emotional memory images within the context of split-second learning and unlearning and the broader field of psychoanalysis, to initiate a conversation among scholars concerning the path that future healthcare research, practice, and policy should take. METHOD A narrative review of the attributes of EMIs utilizing relevant and contentious research and/or scholarly publications on the topic, facilitated by observations and approaches used in clinical practice. Results: We propose a refined definition of EMIs as Trauma induced, non-conscious, contiguously formed multimodal mental imagery, which triggers an amnesic, anachronistic, stress response within a split-second. The systematic appraisal of each attribute of an EMI supports the idea that the EMI is distinct from similar entities described in literature, enabling further sophistication of our Split-second Unlearning model of psychophysiological dis-ease. CONCLUSION Exploration of the concept of EMIs provides further insight on mechanisms associated with psychophysiological dis-ease and opportunities for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark I. Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Wang R, Mo F, Shen Y, Song Y, Cai H, Zhu J. Functional connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:790-800. [PMID: 36206289 PMCID: PMC9842882 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse functional roles of the insula may emerge from its heavy connectivity to an extensive network of cortical and subcortical areas. Despite several previous attempts to investigate the hierarchical organization of the insula by applying the recently developed gradient approach to insula-to-whole brain connectivity data, little is known about whether and how there is variability across connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems. Resting-state functional MRI data from 793 healthy subjects were used to discover and validate functional connectivity gradients of the insula, which were computed based on its voxel-wise functional connectivity profiles to distinct cerebral systems. We identified three primary patterns of functional connectivity gradients of the insula to distinct cerebral systems. The connectivity gradients to the higher-order transmodal associative systems, including the prefrontal, posterior parietal, temporal cortices, and limbic lobule, showed a ventroanterior-dorsal axis across the insula; those to the lower-order unimodal primary systems, including the motor, somatosensory, and occipital cortices, displayed radiating transitions from dorsoanterior toward both ventroanterior and dorsoposterior parts of the insula; the connectivity gradient to the subcortical nuclei exhibited an organization along the anterior-posterior axis of the insula. Apart from complementing and extending previous literature on the heterogeneous connectivity patterns of insula subregions, the presented framework may offer ample opportunities to refine our understanding of the role of the insula in many brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Fan Mo
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yuhao Shen
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yu Song
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Rütgen M, Sladky R, Lamm C. Effective connectivity reveals distinctive patterns in response to others' genuine affective experience of disgust. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119404. [PMID: 35750254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Empathy is significantly influenced by the identification of others' emotions. In a recent study, we have found increased activation in the anterior insular cortex (aIns) that could be attributed to affect sharing rather than perceptual saliency, when seeing another person genuinely experiencing pain as opposed to merely acting to be in pain. In that prior study, effective connectivity between aIns and the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) was revealed to represent what another person really feels. In the present study, we used a similar paradigm to investigate the corresponding neural signatures in the domain of empathy for disgust - with participants seeing others genuinely sniffing unpleasant odors as compared to pretending to smell something disgusting (in fact the disgust expressions in both conditions were acted for reasons of experimental control). Consistent with the previous findings on pain, we found stronger activations in aIns associated with affect sharing for genuine disgust (inferred) compared with pretended disgust. However, instead of rSMG we found engagement of the olfactory cortex. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we estimated the neural dynamics of aIns and the olfactory cortex between the genuine and pretended conditions. This revealed an increased excitatory modulatory effect for genuine disgust compared to pretended disgust. For genuine disgust only, brain-to-behavior regression analyses highlighted a link between the observed modulatory effect and a few empathic traits. Altogether, the current findings complement and expand our previous work, by showing that perceptual saliency alone does not explain responses in the insular cortex. Moreover, it reveals that different brain networks are implicated in a modality-specific way when sharing the affective experiences associated with pain vs. disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhao
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Lei Zhang
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Markus Rütgen
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria; Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Ronald Sladky
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria; Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, Vienna 1010, Austria.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT This article describes the forebrain neurocircuitry associated with rapid heart rate response at the exercise onset with attention to ascending somatosensory information from the Type I and II afferents from the contracting muscle and potential influence of sensory information related to blood pressure and changes in heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Fermin ASR, Friston K, Yamawaki S. An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220226. [PMID: 35774133 PMCID: PMC9240682 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, the insular cortex receives a vast amount of interoceptive information, ascending through deep brain structures, from multiple visceral organs. The unique hierarchical and modular architecture of the insula suggests specialization for processing interoceptive afferents. Yet, the biological significance of the insula's neuroanatomical architecture, in relation to deep brain structures, remains obscure. In this opinion piece, we propose the Insula Hierarchical Modular Adaptive Interoception Control (IMAC) model to suggest that insula modules (granular, dysgranular and agranular), forming parallel networks with the prefrontal cortex and striatum, are specialized to form higher order interoceptive representations. These interoceptive representations are recruited in a context-dependent manner to support habitual, model-based and exploratory control of visceral organs and physiological processes. We discuss how insula interoceptive representations may give rise to conscious feelings that best explain lower order deep brain interoceptive representations, and how the insula may serve to defend the body and mind against pathological depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. R. Fermin
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Karl Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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