1
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Mendonça DA, Cadima-Couto I, Buga CC, Arnaut ZA, Schaberle FA, Arnaut LG, Castanho MARB, Cruz-Oliveira C. Repurposing anti-cancer porphyrin derivative drugs to target SARS-CoV-2 envelope. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116768. [PMID: 38795638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiviral medicines to treat COVID-19 are still scarce. Porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives (PDs) usually present broad-spectrum antiviral activity with low risk of resistance development. In fact, some PDs are clinically approved to be used in anti-cancer photodynamic therapy and repurposing clinically approved PDs might be an alternative to treat COVID-19. Here, we characterize the ability of temoporfin, verteporfin, talaporfin and redaporfin to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 infectious particles. PDs light-dependent and -independent effect on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity were evaluated. PDs photoactivation successfully inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with very low concentrations and light dose. However, only temoporfin and verteporfin inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in the dark, being verteporfin the most effective. PDs treatment reduced viral load in infected Caco-2 cells, while not inducing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, light-independent treatment with temoporfin and verteporfin act on early stages of viral infection. Using lipid vehicles as membrane models, we characterized PDs interaction to the viral envelope. Verteporfin presented the lowest IC50 for viral inactivation and the highest partition coefficients (Kp) towards lipid bilayers. Curiously, although temoporfin and redaporfin presented similar Kps, redaporfin did not present light-independent antiviral activity, and only temoporfin and verteporfin caused lipid membrane disorder. In fact, redaporfin is located closer to the bilayer surface, while temoporfin and verteporfin are located closer to the centre. Our results suggest that viral envelope affinity, with penetration and destabilization of the lipid bilayer, seems critical to mediate PDs antiviral activity. Altogether, these findings open new avenues for the off-label application of temoporfin and verteporfin in the systemic treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A Mendonça
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Iris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Carolina C Buga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Zoe A Arnaut
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Fabio A Schaberle
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Christine Cruz-Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal.
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2
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Holoubek J, Salát J, Kotouček J, Kastl T, Vancová M, Huvarová I, Bednář P, Bednářová K, Růžek D, Renčiuk D, Eyer L. Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105767. [PMID: 38040199 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a medically important flavivirus endemic to the European-Asian continent. Although more than 12,000 clinical cases are reported annually worldwide, there is no anti-TBEV therapy available to treat patients with TBE. Porphyrins are macrocyclic molecules consisting of a planar tetrapyrrolic ring that can coordinate a metal cation. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and anti-TBEV activity of a large series of alkyl- or (het)aryl-substituted porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and chlorins and characterized their molecular interactions with the viral envelope in detail. Our structure-activity relationship study showed that the tetrapyrrole ring is an essential structural element for anti-TBEV activity, but that the presence of different structurally distinct side chains with different lengths, charges, and rigidity or metal cation coordination can significantly alter the antiviral potency of porphyrin scaffolds. Porphyrins were demonstrated to interact with the TBEV lipid membrane and envelope protein E, disrupt the TBEV envelope and inhibit the TBEV entry/fusion machinery. The crucial mechanism of the anti-TBEV activity of porphyrins is based on photosensitization and the formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen. In addition to blocking viral entry and fusion, porphyrins were also observed to interact with RNA oligonucleotides derived from TBEV genomic RNA, indicating that these compounds could target multiple viral/cellular structures. Furthermore, immunization of mice with porphyrin-inactivated TBEV resulted in the formation of TBEV-neutralizing antibodies and protected the mice from TBEV infection. Porphyrins can thus be used to inactivate TBEV while retaining the immunogenic properties of the virus and could be useful for producing new inactivated TBEV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Holoubek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Salát
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotouček
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kastl
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Huvarová
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bednář
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Bednářová
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Renčiuk
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Savelyeva IO, Zhdanova KA, Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Bragina NA. Cationic Porphyrins as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9793-9822. [PMID: 38132458 PMCID: PMC10741785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has received a great deal of attention due to its unique ability to kill all currently known classes of microorganisms. To date, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are one of the main sources of high mortality, mass epidemics and global pandemics among humans. Every year, the emergence of three to four previously unknown species of viruses dangerous to humans is recorded, totaling more than 2/3 of all newly discovered human pathogens. The emergence of bacteria with multidrug resistance leads to the rapid obsolescence of antibiotics and the need to create new types of antibiotics. From this point of view, photodynamic inactivation of viruses and bacteria is of particular interest. This review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial action of APDT, molecular targets and correlation between the structure of cationic porphyrins and their photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga O. Savelyeva
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Margarita A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Natal’ya A. Bragina
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
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4
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Weber WC, Labriola CS, Kreklywich CN, Ray K, Haese NN, Andoh TF, Denton M, Medica S, Streblow MM, Smith PP, Mizuno N, Frias N, Fisher MB, Barber-Axthelm AM, Chun K, Uttke S, Whitcomb D, DeFilippis V, Rakshe S, Fei SS, Axthelm MK, Smedley JV, Streblow DN. Mayaro virus pathogenesis and immunity in rhesus macaques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011742. [PMID: 37983245 PMCID: PMC10695392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes debilitating and persistent arthritogenic disease. While MAYV was previously reported to infect non-human primates (NHP), characterization of MAYV pathogenesis is currently lacking. Therefore, in this study we characterized MAYV infection and immunity in rhesus macaques. To inform the selection of a viral strain for NHP experiments, we evaluated five MAYV strains in C57BL/6 mice and showed that MAYV strain BeAr505411 induced robust tissue dissemination and disease. Three male rhesus macaques were subcutaneously challenged with 105 plaque-forming units of this strain into the arms. Peak plasma viremia occurred at 2 days post-infection (dpi). NHPs were taken to necropsy at 10 dpi to assess viral dissemination, which included the muscles and joints, lymphoid tissues, major organs, male reproductive tissues, as well as peripheral and central nervous system tissues. Histological examination demonstrated that MAYV infection was associated with appendicular joint and muscle inflammation as well as presence of perivascular inflammation in a wide variety of tissues. One animal developed a maculopapular rash and two NHP had viral RNA detected in upper torso skin samples, which was associated with the presence of perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic aggregation. Analysis of longitudinal peripheral blood samples indicated a robust innate and adaptive immune activation, including the presence of anti-MAYV neutralizing antibodies with activity against related Una virus and chikungunya virus. Inflammatory cytokines and monocyte activation also peaked coincident with viremia, which was well supported by our transcriptomic analysis highlighting enrichment of interferon signaling and other antiviral processes at 2 days post MAYV infection. The rhesus macaque model of MAYV infection recapitulates many of the aspects of human infection and is poised to facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies and vaccines targeting this re-emerging virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C. Weber
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Caralyn S. Labriola
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Karina Ray
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi F. Andoh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Samuel Medica
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Magdalene M. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia P. Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nobuyo Mizuno
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nina Frias
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Miranda B. Fisher
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Barber-Axthelm
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Chun
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Samantha Uttke
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Danika Whitcomb
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shauna Rakshe
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Suzanne S. Fei
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeremy V. Smedley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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5
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Fibriani A, Taharuddin AAP, Yamahoki N, Stephanie R, Laurelia J, Agustiyanti DF, Wisnuwardhani PH, Angelina M, Rubiyana Y, Ningrum RA, Wardiana A, Desriani D, Iskandar F, Permatasari FA, Giri-Rachman EA. Porphyrin-derived carbon dots for an enhanced antiviral activity targeting the CTD of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 37801271 PMCID: PMC10558421 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are still limited in number, the exploration of compounds that have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is in high demand. Porphyrin is potentially developed as a COVID-19 antiviral drug. However, its low solubility in water restricts its clinical application. Reconstruction of porphyrin into carbon dots is expected to possess better solubility and bioavailability as well as lower biotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of porphyrin and porphyrin-derived carbon dots against SARS-CoV-2. Through the in silico analysis and assessment using a novel drug screening platform, namely dimer-based screening system, we demonstrated the capability of the antivirus candidates in inhibiting the dimerization of the C-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid. It was shown that porphyrin-derived carbon dots possessed lower cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells than porphyrin. Furthermore, we also assessed their antiviral activity on the SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. The transformation of porphyrin into carbon dots substantially augmented its performance in disrupting SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this study comprehensively demonstrated the potential of porphyrin-derived carbon dots to be developed further as a promisingly safe and effective COVID-19 antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzania Fibriani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | | | - Nicholas Yamahoki
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rebecca Stephanie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Laurelia
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dian Fitria Agustiyanti
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yana Rubiyana
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Asmana Ningrum
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Desriani Desriani
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency-Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Aulia Permatasari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency-Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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6
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Tanaka T, Tashiro M, Ota K, Fujita A, Sawai T, Kadota J, Fukuda Y, Sumiyoshi M, Ide S, Tachikawa N, Fujii H, Hibino M, Shiomi H, Izumida M, Matsui K, Yamauchi M, Takahashi K, Yamanashi H, Sugimoto T, Akabame S, Umeda M, Shimizu M, Hosogaya N, Kosai K, Takeda K, Iwanaga N, Ashizawa N, Hirayama T, Takazono T, Yamamoto K, Imamura Y, Miyazaki T, Kobayashi Y, Ariyoshi K, Mukae H, Yanagihara K, Kita K, Izumikawa K. Safety and efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate/iron in mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019: A randomized exploratory phase II trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34858. [PMID: 37653769 PMCID: PMC10470697 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a natural amino acid that is marketed alongside sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) as a functional food, blocks severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proliferation in vitro and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In this phase II open-label, prospective, parallel-group, randomized trial, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 5-ALA in patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019. METHODS This trial was conducted in patients receiving 5-ALA/SFC (250/145 mg) orally thrice daily for 7 days, followed by 5-ALA/SFC (150/87 mg) orally thrice daily for 7 days. The primary endpoints were changes in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, clinical symptom scores, and 5-ALA/SFC safety (adverse events [AE] and changes in laboratory values and vital signs). RESULTS A total of 50 patients were enrolled from 8 institutions in Japan. The change in SARS-CoV-2 viral load from baseline was not significantly different between the 5-ALA/SFC (n = 24) and control (n = 26) groups. The duration to improvement was shorter in the 5-ALA/SFC group than in the control group, although the difference was not significant. The 5-ALA/SFC group exhibited faster improvement rates in "taste abnormality," "cough," "lethargy," and "no appetite" than the control group. Eight AEs were observed in the 5-ALA/SFC group, with 22.7% of patients experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms (decreased appetite, constipation, and vomiting). AEs occurred with 750/435 mg/day in 25.0% of patients in the first phase and with 450/261 mg/day of 5-ALA/SFC in 6.3% of patients in the second phase. CONCLUSION 5-ALA/SFC improved some symptoms but did not influence the SARS-CoV-2 viral load or clinical symptom scores over 14 days. The safety of 5-ALA/SFC in this study was acceptable. Further evaluation using a larger sample size or modified method is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tanaka
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fujita
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toyomitsu Sawai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junichi Kadota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumiyoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Isahaya General Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Isahaya-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Isahaya General Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Isahaya-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Natsuo Tachikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisanori Shiomi
- Department of Surgery, Nagahama Red Cross Hospital, Nagahama-shi, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mai Izumida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Matsui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Momoko Yamauchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takahashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Yamanashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Akabame
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masumi Shimizu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosogaya
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwanaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ashizawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Imamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Clinical Development Department, Neopharma Japan Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koya Ariyoshi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
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7
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Paschoalino M, Marinho MDS, Santos IA, Grosche VR, Martins DOS, Rosa RB, Jardim ACG. An update on the development of antiviral against Mayaro virus: from molecules to potential viral targets. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:106. [PMID: 36881172 PMCID: PMC9990066 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV), first isolated in 1954 in Trinidad and Tobago islands, is the causative agent of Mayaro fever, a disease characterized by fever, rashes, headaches, myalgia, and arthralgia. The infection can progress to a chronic condition in over 50% of cases, with persistent arthralgia, which can lead to the disability of the infected individuals. MAYV is mainly transmitted through the bite of the female Haemagogus spp. mosquito genus. However, studies demonstrate that Aedes aegypti is also a vector, contributing to the spread of MAYV beyond endemic areas, given the vast geographical distribution of the mosquito. Besides, the similarity of antigenic sites with other Alphavirus complicates the diagnoses of MAYV, contributing to underreporting of the disease. Nowadays, there are no antiviral drugs available to treat infected patients, being the clinical management based on analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this context, this review aims to summarize compounds that have demonstrated antiviral activity against MAYV in vitro, as well as discuss the potentiality of viral proteins as targets for the development of antiviral drugs against MAYV. Finally, through rationalization of the data presented herein, we wish to encourage further research encompassing these compounds as potential anti-MAYV drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Paschoalino
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Andrade Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victória Riquena Grosche
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Borges Rosa
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Ousaka D, Nishibori M. Is hemolysis a novel therapeutic target in COVID-19? Front Immunol 2022; 13:956671. [PMID: 36059481 PMCID: PMC9438449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Ousaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Translational Research and Drug Development, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masahiro Nishibori,
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9
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Andreolla AP, Borges AA, Bordignon J, Duarte dos Santos CN. Mayaro Virus: The State-of-the-Art for Antiviral Drug Development. Viruses 2022; 14:1787. [PMID: 36016409 PMCID: PMC9415492 DOI: 10.3390/v14081787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus is an emerging arbovirus that causes nonspecific febrile illness or arthralgia syndromes similar to the Chikungunya virus, a virus closely related from the Togaviridae family. MAYV outbreaks occur more frequently in the northern and central-western states of Brazil; however, in recent years, virus circulation has been spreading to other regions. Due to the undifferentiated initial clinical symptoms between MAYV and other endemic pathogenic arboviruses with geographic overlapping, identification of patients infected by MAYV might be underreported. Additionally, the lack of specific prophylactic approaches or antiviral drugs limits the pharmacological management of patients to treat symptoms like pain and inflammation, as is the case with most pathogenic alphaviruses. In this context, this review aims to present the state-of-the-art regarding the screening and development of compounds/molecules which may present anti-MAYV activity and infection inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Andreolla
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Abel Borges
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bordignon
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
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10
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Sheng L, Li X, Wang L. Photodynamic inactivation in food systems: A review of its application, mechanisms, and future perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Chen Y, Wang X, Shi H, Zou P. Montelukast Inhibits HCoV-OC43 Infection as a Viral Inactivator. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050861. [PMID: 35632604 PMCID: PMC9143845 DOI: 10.3390/v14050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) consist of a large group of RNA viruses causing various diseases in humans and in lots of animals. Human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, the prototype of beta-coronavirus discovered in the 1960s, has been circulating in humans for long time, and infection with other emerging strains of beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV) can lead to severe illness and death. In this study, we found that montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, potently inhibited the infection of HCoV-OC43 in distinct cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Additionally, the results showed that montelukast induced release of HCoV-OC43 genomic RNA by disrupting the integrity of the viral lipid membrane, and irreversibly inhibited viral infection. Considering the similarity among HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, it suggests that montelukast may be a potential candidate for the treatment of human beta-coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Zou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-3799-0333 (ext. 5273)
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12
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Yu Y, Si L, Meng Y. Flavivirus Entry Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:171-197. [PMID: 35412141 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses, including Dengue virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, cause thousands of deaths and millions of illnesses each year. The large outbreak of ZIKV in 2016 reminds us that flaviviruses can pose a serious threat to human safety and public health as emerging and re-emerging viruses. However, there are no specific drugs approved for the treatment of flavivirus infections. Due to no need to enter the cells, viral entry inhibitors have the unique advantage in suppressing viral infections. Flaviviruses bind to receptors and attach to the cell surface, then enter the endosome in a clathrin-dependent manner and finalizes the viral entry process after fusion with the cell membrane in a low pH environment. Small molecules, antibodies or peptides can inhibit flavivirus entry by targeting the above processes. Here, we focus on flavivirus entry inhibitors with well-defined target and antiviral activity. We hope that our review will provide a theoretical basis for flavivirus treatment and drug research and help to accelerate the clinical application of flavivirus entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yu
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lulu Si
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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13
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Holoubek J, Bednářová K, Haviernik J, Huvarová I, Dvořáková Z, Černý J, Outlá M, Salát J, Konkol'ová E, Boura E, Růžek D, Vorlíčková M, Eyer L, Renčiuk D. Guanine quadruplexes in the RNA genome of the tick-borne encephalitis virus: their role as a new antiviral target and in virus biology. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4574-4600. [PMID: 35420134 PMCID: PMC9071444 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified seven putative guanine quadruplexes (G4) in the RNA genome of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus causing thousands of human infections and numerous deaths every year. The formation of G4s was confirmed by biophysical methods on synthetic oligonucleotides derived from the predicted TBEV sequences. TBEV-5, located at the NS4b/NS5 boundary and conserved among all known flaviviruses, was tested along with its mutated variants for interactions with a panel of known G4 ligands, for the ability to affect RNA synthesis by the flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and for effects on TBEV replication fitness in cells. G4-stabilizing TBEV-5 mutations strongly inhibited RdRp RNA synthesis and exhibited substantially reduced replication fitness, different plaque morphology and increased sensitivity to G4-binding ligands in cell-based systems. In contrast, strongly destabilizing TBEV-5 G4 mutations caused rapid reversion to the wild-type genotype. Our results suggest that there is a threshold of stability for G4 sequences in the TBEV genome, with any deviation resulting in either dramatic changes in viral phenotype or a rapid return to this optimal level of G4 stability. The data indicate that G4s are critical elements for efficient TBEV replication and are suitable targets to tackle TBEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Holoubek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Bednářová
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Haviernik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Huvarová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Dvořáková
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Faculty of Tropical Agrisciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Outlá
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Salát
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Konkol'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy ofSciences, CZ-16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy ofSciences, CZ-16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Vorlíčková
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno CZ-62100, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Renčiuk
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno CZ-61200, Czech Republic
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14
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Todorovski T, Mendonça DA, Fernandes-Siqueira LO, Cruz-Oliveira C, Guida G, Valle J, Cavaco M, Limas FIV, Neves V, Cadima-Couto Í, Defaus S, Veiga AS, Da Poian AT, Castanho MARB, Andreu D. Targeting Zika Virus with New Brain- and Placenta-Crossing Peptide-Porphyrin Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:738. [PMID: 35456572 PMCID: PMC9032516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral disease outbreaks affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and remain a serious threat to global health. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and other recent geographically- confined viral outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola, dengue, zika and ever-recurring seasonal influenza), also with devastating tolls at sanitary and socio-economic levels, are sobering reminders in this respect. Among the respective pathogenic agents, Zika virus (ZIKV), transmitted by Aedes mosquito vectors and causing the eponymous fever, is particularly insidious in that infection during pregnancy results in complications such as foetal loss, preterm birth or irreversible brain abnormalities, including microcephaly. So far, there is no effective remedy for ZIKV infection, mainly due to the limited ability of antiviral drugs to cross blood-placental and/or blood-brain barriers (BPB and BBB, respectively). Despite its restricted permeability, the BBB is penetrable by a variety of molecules, mainly peptide-based, and named BBB peptide shuttles (BBBpS), able to ferry various payloads (e.g., drugs, antibodies, etc.) into the brain. Recently, we have described peptide-porphyrin conjugates (PPCs) as successful BBBpS-associated drug leads for HIV, an enveloped virus in which group ZIKV also belongs. Herein, we report on several brain-directed, low-toxicity PPCs capable of targeting ZIKV. One of the conjugates, PP-P1, crossing both BPB and BBB, has shown to be effective against ZIKV (IC50 1.08 µM) and has high serum stability (t1/2 ca. 22 h) without altering cell viability at all tested concentrations. Peptide-porphyrin conjugation stands out as a promising strategy to fill the ZIKV treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Todorovski
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (T.T.); (G.G.); (J.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Diogo A. Mendonça
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Lorena O. Fernandes-Siqueira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.O.F.-S.); (F.I.V.L.)
| | - Christine Cruz-Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Giuseppina Guida
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (T.T.); (G.G.); (J.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (T.T.); (G.G.); (J.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Fernanda I. V. Limas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.O.F.-S.); (F.I.V.L.)
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Íris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (T.T.); (G.G.); (J.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Andrea T. Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.O.F.-S.); (F.I.V.L.)
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (C.C.-O.); (M.C.); (V.N.); (Í.C.-C.); (A.S.V.)
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (T.T.); (G.G.); (J.V.); (S.D.)
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15
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Beheshtirouy S, Khani E, Khiali S, Entezari-Maleki T. Investigational antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Arch Virol 2022; 167:751-805. [PMID: 35138438 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), antiviral drugs are at the center of attention because of their critical role against severe acute respiratory disease syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to designing new antivirals against SARS-COV-2, a drug repurposing strategy is a practical approach for treating COVID-19. A brief insight about antivirals would help clinicians to choose the best medication for the treatment of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss both novel and repurposed investigational antivirals, focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samineh Beheshtirouy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajad Khiali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Antiviral Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Phosphate against Classical Swine Fever Virus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020164. [PMID: 35215109 PMCID: PMC8877771 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate (5-ALA), an important amino acid for energy production in the host, against viral infections were previously reported. Here, the antiviral effects of 5-ALA against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belonging to the genus Pestivirus in the Flaviviridae family and its possible mechanisms were investigated. CSFV replication was suppressed in swine cells supplemented with 5-ALA or its metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The infectivity titer of CSFV was decreased after mixing with PPIX extracellularly. In addition, the activities of the replication cycle were decreased in the presence of PPIX based on the CSFV replicon assay. These results showed that PPIX exerted antiviral effects by inactivating virus particles and inhibiting the replication cycle. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of 5-ALA, pigs were supplemented daily with 5-ALA for 1 week before virus inoculation and then inoculated with a virulent CSFV strain at the 107.0 50% tissue culture infectious dose. The clinical scores of the supplemented group were significantly lower than those of the nonsupplemented group, whereas the virus growth was not. Taken together, 5-ALA showed antiviral effects against CSFV in vitro, and PPIX played a key role by inactivating virus particles extracellularly and inhibiting the replication cycle intracellularly.
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17
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Ngwe Tun MM, Sakura T, Sakurai Y, Kurosaki Y, Inaoka DK, Shioda N, Yasuda J, Kita K, Morita K. Antiviral activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid against variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:6. [PMID: 34991723 PMCID: PMC8739347 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began to emerge in 2020 and have been spreading globally during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite the presence of different COVID-19 vaccines, the discovery of effective antiviral therapeutics for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are still urgently needed. A natural amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), has exhibited both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In a previous study, we demonstrated an in vitro antiviral effect of 5-ALA against SARS-CoV-2 infection without significant cytotoxicity. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether 5-ALA with or without sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) can inhibit in vitro both the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and its variants, including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta strains. METHODS The antiviral activity of ALA with or without SFC was determined in Vero-E6 cell. The virus inhibition was quantified by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS Co-administration of 5-ALA and SFC inhibited the Wuhan, Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 values of 235, 173 and 397 µM, respectively, and the Beta and Gamma variants with IC50 values of 1311 and 1516 µM. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that 5-ALA with SFC warrants accelerated clinical evaluation as an antiviral drug candidate for treating patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Takaya Sakura
- Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yohei Kurosaki
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shioda
- Department of Genomic Neurology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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18
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Negoro H, Chatziantonio C, Razzaque MS. Therapeutic potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium-ferrous citrate for viral insults: relevance to the COVID-19 crisis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:657-661. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Negoro
- Department of Project Design, The Graduate School of Project Design, Tokyo, Japan
- Inserm UMR S 1155- Sorbonne University, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
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19
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Rapozzi V, Juarranz A, Habib A, Ihan A, Strgar R. Is haem the real target of COVID-19? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102381. [PMID: 34119708 PMCID: PMC8192263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a vaccination campaign has been launched in many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic is not under control. The main concern is the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, it is important to find approaches to prevent or reduce the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Currently, the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Considering the clinical effects that occur during the disease, attacking the human respiratory and hematopoietic systems, and the changes in biochemical parameters (including decreases in haemoglobin [Hb] levels and increases in serum ferritin), it is clear that iron metabolism is involved. SARS-CoV-2 induces haemolysis and interacts with Hb molecules via ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other receptors located on erythrocytes and/or blood cell precursors that produce dysfunctional Hb. A molecular docking study has reported a potential link between the virus and the beta chain of haemoglobin and attack on haem. Considering that haem is involved in miRNA processing by binding to the DGCR8-DROSHA complex, we hypothesised that the virus may check this mechanism and thwart the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Strgar
- Institution of Applicative Biophotonics, Technological Park Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Lechuga GC, Souza-Silva F, Sacramento CQ, Trugilho MRO, Valente RH, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Dias SSG, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Temerozo JR, Carels N, Alves CR, Pereira MCS, Provance DW, Souza TML, De-Simone SG. SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Bind to Hemoglobin and Its Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9035. [PMID: 34445741 PMCID: PMC8396565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been linked to hematological dysfunctions, but there are little experimental data that explain this. Spike (S) and Nucleoprotein (N) proteins have been putatively associated with these dysfunctions. In this work, we analyzed the recruitment of hemoglobin (Hb) and other metabolites (hemin and protoporphyrin IX-PpIX) by SARS-Cov2 proteins using different approaches. (2) Methods: shotgun proteomics (LC-MS/MS) after affinity column adsorption identified hemin-binding SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The parallel synthesis of the peptides technique was used to study the interaction of the receptor bind domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein with Hb and in silico analysis to identify the binding motifs of the N protein. The plaque assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of Hb and the metabolites hemin and PpIX on virus adsorption and replication in Vero cells. (3) Results: the proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS identified the S, N, M, Nsp3, and Nsp7 as putative hemin-binding proteins. Six short sequences in the RBD and 11 in the NTD of the spike were identified by microarray of peptides to interact with Hb and tree motifs in the N protein by in silico analysis to bind with heme. An inhibitory effect in vitro of Hb, hemin, and PpIX at different levels was observed. Strikingly, free Hb at 1mM suppressed viral replication (99%), and its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 was localized into the RBD region of the spike protein. (4) Conclusions: in this study, we identified that (at least) five proteins (S, N, M, Nsp3, and Nsp7) of SARS-CoV-2 recruit Hb/metabolites. The motifs of the RDB of SARS-CoV-2 spike, which binds Hb, and the sites of the heme bind-N protein were disclosed. In addition, these compounds and PpIX block the virus's adsorption and replication. Furthermore, we also identified heme-binding motifs and interaction with hemin in N protein and other structural (S and M) and non-structural (Nsp3 and Nsp7) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C. Lechuga
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Celular Ultrastructure, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Biology and Heath Science Faculty, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu 26260-045, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Monique R. O. Trugilho
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Toxinology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Richard H. Valente
- Laboratory of Toxinology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
| | - Suelen S. G. Dias
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratory of Thymus Research, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
- FIOCRUZ, National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT/NIM), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Biology and Heath Science Faculty, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu 26260-045, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Alves
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Mirian C. S. Pereira
- Laboratory of Celular Ultrastructure, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - David W. Provance
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (F.S.-S.); (C.Q.S.); (M.R.O.T.); (P.N.-P.); (N.F.-R.); (N.C.); (D.W.P.J.); (T.M.L.S.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Hopp MT, Domingo-Fernández D, Gadiya Y, Detzel MS, Graf R, Schmalohr BF, Kodamullil AT, Imhof D, Hofmann-Apitius M. Linking COVID-19 and Heme-Driven Pathophysiologies: A Combined Computational-Experimental Approach. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050644. [PMID: 33925394 PMCID: PMC8147026 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was declared a worldwide pandemic in 2020. Infection triggers the respiratory tract disease COVID-19, which is accompanied by serious changes in clinical biomarkers such as hemoglobin and interleukins. The same parameters are altered during hemolysis, which is characterized by an increase in labile heme. We present two computational–experimental approaches aimed at analyzing a potential link between heme-related and COVID-19 pathophysiologies. Herein, we performed a detailed analysis of the common pathways induced by heme and SARS-CoV-2 by superimposition of knowledge graphs covering heme biology and COVID-19 pathophysiology. Focus was laid on inflammatory pathways and distinct biomarkers as the linking elements. In a second approach, four COVID-19-related proteins, the host cell proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as well as the viral proteins 7a and S protein were computationally analyzed as potential heme-binding proteins with an experimental validation. The results contribute to the understanding of the progression of COVID-19 infections in patients with different clinical backgrounds and may allow for a more individual diagnosis and therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Hopp
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (M.S.D.); (R.G.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany; (D.D.-F.); (Y.G.); (A.T.K.)
- Enveda Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yojana Gadiya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany; (D.D.-F.); (Y.G.); (A.T.K.)
| | - Milena S. Detzel
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (M.S.D.); (R.G.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Regina Graf
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (M.S.D.); (R.G.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Benjamin F. Schmalohr
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (M.S.D.); (R.G.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Alpha T. Kodamullil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany; (D.D.-F.); (Y.G.); (A.T.K.)
- Causality Biomodels, Kinfra Hi-Tech Park, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683503, India
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (M.S.D.); (R.G.); (B.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (M.H.-A.)
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany; (D.D.-F.); (Y.G.); (A.T.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (M.H.-A.)
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22
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Sakurai Y, Ngwe Tun MM, Kurosaki Y, Sakura T, Inaoka DK, Fujine K, Kita K, Morita K, Yasuda J. 5-amino levulinic acid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:203-207. [PMID: 33571909 PMCID: PMC7846235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent development of effective therapeutics. 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally synthesized amino acid and has been used for multiple purposes including as an anticancer therapy and as a dietary supplement due to its high bioavailability. In this study, we demonstrated that 5-ALA treatment potently inhibited infection of SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent of COVID-19, in cell culture. The antiviral effects could be detected in both human and non-human cells, without significant cytotoxicity. Therefore, 5-ALA is worth to be further investigated as an antiviral drug candidate for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yohei Kurosaki
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takaya Sakura
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Fujine
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Global Pharmaceutical R&D Division, Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Host - Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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23
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Zhdanova KA, Savelyeva IO, Ezhov AV, Zhdanov AP, Zhizhin KY, Mironov AF, Bragina NA, Babayants AA, Frolova IS, Filippova NI, Scliankina NN, Scheglovitova ON. Novel Cationic Meso-Arylporphyrins and Their Antiviral Activity against HSV-1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030242. [PMID: 33800457 PMCID: PMC7999199 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is devoted to the search for new antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) drugs among synthetic tetrapyrroles and to an investigation of their antiviral properties under nonphotodynamic conditions. In this study, novel amphiphilic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(3-pyridyl-n-propanoyl)oxyphenyl)porphyrin tetrabromide (3a), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(6-pyridyl-n-hexanoyl)oxyphenyl)porphyrin tetrabromide (3b) and known 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetraiodide (TMePyP) were synthesized, and their dark antiviral activity in vitro against HSV-1 was studied. The influence of porphyrin’s nanosized delivery vehicles based on Pluronic F127 on anti-HSV-1 activity was estimated. All the received compounds 3a, 3b and TMePyP showed virucidal efficiency and had an effect on viral replication stages. The new compound 3b showed the highest antiviral activity, close to 100%, with the lowest concentration, while the maximum TMePyP activity was observed with a high concentration; porphyrin 3a was the least active. The inclusion of the synthesized compounds in Pluronic F-127 polymeric micelles had a noticeable effect on antiviral activity only at higher porphyrin concentrations. Action of the received compounds differs by influence on the early or later reproduction stages. While 3a and TMePyP acted on all stages of the viral replication cycle, porphyrin 3b inhibited viral replication during the early stages of infection. The resulting compounds are promising for the development of utilitarian antiviral agents and, possibly, medical antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-261-126-692
| | - Inga O. Savelyeva
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Artem V. Ezhov
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Andrey P. Zhdanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, Moscow 117907, Russia;
| | - Konstantin Yu. Zhizhin
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, Moscow 117907, Russia;
| | - Andrey F. Mironov
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Natal’ya A. Bragina
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Alla A. Babayants
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Irina S. Frolova
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Nadezhda I. Filippova
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Nadezhda N. Scliankina
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Olga N. Scheglovitova
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
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24
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Takano T, Satoh K, Doki T. Possible Antiviral Activity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (Feline Coronavirus) Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:647189. [PMID: 33644160 PMCID: PMC7903937 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.647189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a life-threatening infectious disease of cats caused by virulent feline coronavirus (FIP virus: FIPV). For the treatment of FIP, several effective antivirals were recently reported, but many of these are not available for practical use. 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA) is a low-molecular-weight amino acid synthesized in plant and animal cells. 5-ALA can be synthesized in a large amount, and it is widely applied in the medical and agricultural fields. We hypothesized that 5-ALA inhibits FIPV infection. Therefore, we evaluated its antiviral activity against FIPV in felis catus whole fetus-4 cells and feline primary macrophages. FIPV infection was significantly inhibited by 250 μM 5-ALA. Our study suggested that 5-ALA is applicable for the treatment and prevention of FIPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Kumi Satoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Doki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
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25
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Mwaliko C, Nyaruaba R, Zhao L, Atoni E, Karungu S, Mwau M, Lavillette D, Xia H, Yuan Z. Zika virus pathogenesis and current therapeutic advances. Pathog Glob Health 2021; 115:21-39. [PMID: 33191867 PMCID: PMC7850325 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1845005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus that, upon infection, results in teratogenic effects and neurological disorders. ZIKV infections pose serious global public health concerns, prompting scientists to increase research on antivirals and vaccines against the virus. These efforts are still ongoing as the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of ZIKV have not yet been fully elaborated. Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs have been approved for ZIKV; however, some are undergoing clinical trials. Notably, several strategies have been used to develop antivirals, including drugs that target viral and host proteins. Additionally, drug repurposing is preferred since it is less costly and takes less time than other strategies because the drugs used have already been approved for human use. Likewise, different platforms have been evaluated for the design of vaccines, including DNA, mRNA, peptide, protein, viral vectors, virus-like particles (VLPSs), inactivated-virus, and live-attenuated virus vaccines. These vaccines have been shown to induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses and reduce viremia and viral RNA both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, most of these vaccines have entered clinical trials. Understanding the viral disease mechanism will provide better strategies for developing therapeutic agents against ZIKV. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the viral pathogenesis of ZIKV and current advancements in the development of vaccines and drugs against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mwaliko
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Microbiology, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Microbiology, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Evans Atoni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Microbiology, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Karungu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Microbiology, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matilu Mwau
- Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dimitri Lavillette
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Han Xia ; Zhiming Yuan Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Alphaviruses cause severe human illnesses including persistent arthritis and fatal encephalitis. As alphavirus entry into target cells is the first step in infection, intensive research efforts have focused on elucidating aspects of this pathway, including attachment, internalization, and fusion. Herein, we review recent developments in the molecular understanding of alphavirus entry both in vitro and in vivo and how these advances might enable the design of therapeutics targeting this critical step in the alphavirus life cycle.
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Lebedeva NS, Gubarev YA, Koifman MO, Koifman OI. The Application of Porphyrins and Their Analogues for Inactivation of Viruses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194368. [PMID: 32977525 PMCID: PMC7583985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of treating viral infections is extremely relevant due to both the emergence of new viral diseases and to the low effectiveness of existing approaches to the treatment of known viral infections. This review focuses on the application of porphyrin, chlorin, and phthalocyanine series for combating viral infections by chemical and photochemical inactivation methods. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize the main approaches developed to date in the chemical and photodynamic inactivation of human and animal viruses using porphyrins and their analogues and to analyze and discuss the information on viral targets and antiviral activity of porphyrins, chlorins, of their conjugates with organic/inorganic compounds obtained in the last 10–15 years in order to identify the most promising areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Sh. Lebedeva
- Laboratory 1-7. Physical Chemistry of Solutions of Macrocyclic Compounds, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4932-33-62-72
| | - Yury A. Gubarev
- Laboratory 1-7. Physical Chemistry of Solutions of Macrocyclic Compounds, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Mikhail O. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (M.O.K.); (O.I.K.)
| | - Oskar I. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (M.O.K.); (O.I.K.)
- Laboratory 2-2. New Materials on the Basis of Macrocyclic Compounds, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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Antiviral Strategies against Arthritogenic Alphaviruses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091365. [PMID: 32906603 PMCID: PMC7563460 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are members of the Togaviridae family that are mainly transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes. In the last decades, several alphaviruses have re-emerged, causing outbreaks worldwide. One example is the re-emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2004, which caused massive epidemics in the Indian Ocean region after which the virus dramatically spread to the Americas in late 2013. Besides CHIKV, other alphaviruses, such as the Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), have emerged and have become a serious public health concern in recent years. Infections with the Old World alphaviruses (e.g., CHIKV, RRV) are primarily associated with polyarthritis and myalgia that can persist for months to years. On the other hand, New World alphaviruses such as VEEV cause mainly neurological disease. Despite the worldwide (re-)emergence of these viruses, there are no antivirals or vaccines available for the treatment or prevention of infections with alphaviruses. It is therefore of utmost importance to develop antiviral strategies against these viruses. We here provided an overview of the reported antiviral strategies against arthritogenic alphaviruses. In addition, we highlighted the future perspectives for the development and the proper use of such antivirals.
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Santos VSV, Pereira BB. Low toxicity and high efficacy in use of novel approaches to control Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:243-254. [PMID: 32515686 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1776655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses are a group of etiologic agents accounting for different incapacitating diseases that progress to severe and lethal forms in animal and human targets consequently representing a significant burden on public health and global economies. Although attempts were undertaken to combat Aedes aegypti, the primary urban mosquito vector of several life-threatening diseases, the misuse of chemical pesticides, development of resistance, and toxicity on non-target species still need to be overcome. In this context, it is imperative for development of long-lasting, novel approaches envisioning effective control of Aedes aegypti, mainly in endemic regions. Thus, the present review was undertaken to describe safe and eco-friendly approaches as potential weapons against Aedes aegypti. Accordingly, the findings discussed indicated that biological larvicides and genetic engineering technologies constitute noteworthy alternatives of future mosquito-borne arbovirus disease control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus , Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus , Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus , Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus , Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Xing M, Ji M, Hu J, Zhu T, Chen Y, Bai X, Mwangi J, Mo G, Lai R, Jin L. Snake Cathelicidin Derived Peptide Inhibits Zika Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1871. [PMID: 32849457 PMCID: PMC7417475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus and has reemerged in recent years with epidemic potential. ZIKV infection may result in severe syndromes such as neurological complications and microcephaly in newborns. Therefore, ZIKV has become a global public health threat and currently there is no approved specific drug for its treatment. Animal venoms are important resources of novel drugs. Cathelicidin-BF (BF-30) is a defensive peptide identified from Bungarus fasciatus snake venom and has been shown to be an excellent template for applicable peptide design. In this study, we found that ZY13, one of the peptidic analogs of BF-30, inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that ZY13 can directly inactivate ZIKV and reduce the production of infectious virions. Further studies also indicated that administration of ZY13 strengthen the host antiviral immunity via AXL-SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling protein) pathway. Additionally, the results of mouse experiment suggest that ZY13 efficiently restrict ZIKV infection and improve the growth defects of ZIKV-infected mouse pups. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that ZY13 might be a candidate for anti-ZIKV drug, but also indicated the importance of animal venom peptides as templates for antivirals development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingmei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guoxiang Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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31
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Al-Horani RA, Kar S, Aliter KF. Potential Anti-COVID-19 Therapeutics that Block the Early Stage of the Viral Life Cycle: Structures, Mechanisms, and Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5224. [PMID: 32718020 PMCID: PMC7432953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is being caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease continues to present significant challenges to the health care systems around the world. This is primarily because of the lack of vaccines to protect against the infection and the lack of highly effective therapeutics to prevent and/or treat the illness. Nevertheless, researchers have swiftly responded to the pandemic by advancing old and new potential therapeutics into clinical trials. In this review, we summarize potential anti-COVID-19 therapeutics that block the early stage of the viral life cycle. The review presents the structures, mechanisms, and reported results of clinical trials of potential therapeutics that have been listed in clinicaltrials.gov. Given the fact that some of these therapeutics are multi-acting molecules, other relevant mechanisms will also be described. The reviewed therapeutics include small molecules and macromolecules of sulfated polysaccharides, polypeptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The potential therapeutics target viral and/or host proteins or processes that facilitate the early stage of the viral infection. Frequent targets are the viral spike protein, the host angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the host transmembrane protease serine 2, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis process. Overall, the review aims at presenting update-to-date details, so as to enhance awareness of potential therapeutics, and thus, to catalyze their appropriate use in combating the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Srabani Kar
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Kholoud F. Aliter
- Department of Chemistry, School of STEM, Dillard University, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA;
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32
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Labyrinthopeptins Exert Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity through Lipid-Binding-Mediated Virolysis. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01471-19. [PMID: 31666384 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01471-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To counteract the serious health threat posed by known and novel viral pathogens, drugs that target a variety of viruses through a common mechanism have attracted recent attention due to their potential in treating (re)emerging infections, for which direct-acting antivirals are not available. We found that labyrinthopeptins A1 and A2, the prototype congeners of carbacyclic lanthipeptides, inhibit the proliferation of diverse enveloped viruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, hepatitis C virus, chikungunya virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus, in the low micromolar to nanomolar range. Mechanistic studies on viral particles revealed that labyrinthopeptins induce a virolytic effect through binding to the viral membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). These effects are enhanced by a combined equimolar application of both labyrinthopeptins, and a clear synergism was observed across a concentration range corresponding to 10% to 90% inhibitory concentrations of the compounds. Time-resolved experiments with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) reveal that membrane lipid raft compositions (phosphatidylcholine [PC]/PE/cholesterol/sphingomyelin at 17:10:33:40) are particularly sensitive to labyrinthopeptins in comparison to PC/PE (90:10) LUVs, even though the overall PE amount remains constant. Labyrinthopeptins exhibited low cytotoxicity and had favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice (half-life [t 1/2] = 10.0 h), which designates them promising antiviral compounds acting by an unusual viral lipid targeting mechanism.IMPORTANCE For many viral infections, current treatment options are insufficient. Because the development of each antiviral drug is time-consuming and expensive, the prospect of finding broad-spectrum antivirals that can fight multiple, diverse viruses-well-known viruses as well as (re)emerging species-has gained attention, especially for the treatment of viral coinfections. While most known broad-spectrum agents address processes in the host cell, we found that targeting lipids of the free virus outside the host cell with the natural products labyrinthopeptin A1 and A2 is a viable strategy to inhibit the proliferation of a broad range of viruses from different families, including chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and cytomegalovirus. Labyrinthopeptins bind to viral phosphatidylethanolamine and induce virolysis without exerting cytotoxicity on host cells. This represents a novel and unusual mechanism to tackle medically relevant viral infections.
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Abdelnabi R, Jacobs S, Delang L, Neyts J. Antiviral drug discovery against arthritogenic alphaviruses: Tools and molecular targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113777. [PMID: 31874146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are (mainly) arthropod-borne viruses that belong to the family of the Togaviridae. Based on the disease they cause, alphaviruses are divided into an arthritogenic and an encephalitic group. Arthritogenic alphaviruses such as the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the Ross River virus (RRV) and the Mayaro virus (MAYV) have become a serious public health concern in recent years. Epidemics are associated with high morbidity and the infections cause in many patients debilitating joint pain that can persist for months to years. The recent (2013-2014) introduction of CHIKV in the Americas resulted in millions of infected persons. Massive outbreaks of CHIKV and other arthritogenic alphaviruses are likely to occur in the future. Despite the worldwide (re-)emergence of these viruses, there are no antivirals or vaccines available for the treatment or prevention of infections with alphaviruses. It is therefore of utmost importance to develop antiviral strategies against these viruses. We here review the possible molecular targets in the replication cycle of these viruses for the development of antivirals. In addition, we provide an overview of the currently available in vitro systems and mouse infection models that can be used to assess the potential antiviral effect against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Jacobs
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Therapeutic Advances Against ZIKV: A Quick Response, a Long Way to Go. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030127. [PMID: 31480297 PMCID: PMC6789873 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that spread throughout the American continent in 2015 causing considerable worldwide social and health alarm due to its association with ocular lesions and microcephaly in newborns, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases in adults. Nowadays, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available against ZIKV, and thus, in this very short time, the scientific community has conducted enormous efforts to develop vaccines and antivirals. So that, different platforms (purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, DNA and RNA nucleic acid based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses) have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. Overall, these vaccines have shown the induction of vigorous humoral and cellular responses, the decrease of viremia and viral RNA levels in natural target organs, the prevention of vertical and sexual transmission, as well as that of ZIKV-associated malformations, and the protection of experimental animal models. Some of these vaccine candidates have already been assayed in clinical trials. Likewise, the search for antivirals have also been the focus of recent investigations, with dozens of compounds tested in cell culture and a few in animal models. Both direct acting antivirals (DAAs), directed to viral structural proteins and enzymes, and host acting antivirals (HAAs), directed to cellular factors affecting all steps of the viral life cycle (binding, entry, fusion, transcription, translation, replication, maturation, and egress), have been evaluated. It is expected that this huge collaborative effort will produce affordable and effective therapeutic and prophylactic tools to combat ZIKV and other related still unknown or nowadays neglected flaviviruses. Here, a comprehensive overview of the advances made in the development of therapeutic measures against ZIKV and the questions that still have to be faced are summarized.
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Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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36
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Levi LI, Vignuzzi M. Arthritogenic Alphaviruses: A Worldwide Emerging Threat? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050133. [PMID: 31091828 PMCID: PMC6560413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are responsible for a dengue-like syndrome associated with severe debilitating polyarthralgia that can persist for months or years and impact life quality. Chikungunya virus is the most well-known member of this family since it was responsible for two worldwide epidemics with millions of cases in the last 15 years. However, other arthritogenic alphaviruses that are as of yet restrained to specific territories are the cause of neglected tropical diseases: O'nyong'nyong virus in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mayaro virus in Latin America, and Ross River virus in Australia and the Pacific island countries and territories. This review evaluates their emerging potential in light of the current knowledge for each of them and in comparison to chikungunya virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Levi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
- Ecole doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
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