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Zhou S, Liu S, Guo C, Wei H, He Z, Liu Z, Li X. The C 2H 2 Transcription Factor Con7 Regulates Vegetative Growth, Cell Wall Integrity, Oxidative Stress, Asexual Sporulation, Appressorium and Hyphopodium Formation, and Pathogenicity in Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum siamense. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:495. [PMID: 39057380 PMCID: PMC11277718 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Colletotrichum genus is listed as one of the top 10 important plant pathogens, causing significant economic losses worldwide. The C2H2 zinc finger protein serves as a crucial transcription factor regulating growth and development in fungi. In this study, we identified two C2H2 transcription factors, CgrCon7 and CsCon7, in Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum siamense, as the orthologs of Con7p in Magnaporthe oryzae. Both CgrCon7 and CsCon7 have a typical C2H2 zinc finger domain and exhibit visible nuclear localization. Disrupting Cgrcon7 or Cscon7 led to a decreased growth rate, changes in cell wall integrity, and low tolerance to H2O2. Moreover, the deletion of Cgrcon7 or Cscon7 dramatically decreased conidial production, and their knockout mutants also lost the ability to produce appressoria and hyphopodia. Pathogenicity assays displayed that deleting Cgrcon7 or Cscon7 resulted in a complete loss of virulence. Transcriptome analysis showed that CgrCon7 and CsCon7 were involved in regulating many genes related to ROS detoxification, chitin synthesis, and cell wall degradation, etc. In conclusion, CgrCon7 and CsCon7 act as master transcription factors coordinating vegetative growth, oxidative stress response, cell wall integrity, asexual sporulation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity in C. graminicola and C. siamense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Zhang W, Liu W, Liang X, Zhang R, Gleason ML, Sun G. CfHMG Differentially Regulates the Sexual Development and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola Plus and Minus Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:478. [PMID: 39057363 PMCID: PMC11278496 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola shows morphological and genetic differences in plus and minus strains. However, the mechanism of the differentiation between two types of strains is still largely unclear. Our early transcriptome analysis revealed that CfHMG expression differed in plus and minus strains. To define the functions of the CfHMG gene, we constructed gene deletion mutants by homologous recombination. We found that a CfHMG deletion mutant of the minus strain, CfHMG-M, could lead to a reduction in perithecium sizes and densities on media and sterile perithecium formation compared with the minus wild type (WT), whereas there was no effect for the plus mutant CfHMG-P. In co-cultures between CfHMG-P and minus WT, CfHMG-M and plus WT, or CfHMG-P and CfHMG-M, the quantities of perithecia were all reduced significantly. When conidial suspensions were inoculated on non-wounded apple fruit, it was found that the virulence of the minus mutant decreased significantly but not for the plus one. Further, we found that the virulence decrease in minus mutants was caused by a decrease in the conidium germination rate. Our results indicate that CfHMG of C. fructicola plays an important role in the mating line formation between the plus and minus strain for both strains and differentially regulates the perithecium size, density, fertilization, and virulence of the minus strain. The results are significant for further detecting the differentiated mechanisms between the plus and minus strains in Colletotrichum fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Wenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Mark L. Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Guangyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.); (R.Z.)
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Lu J, Liu Y, Song M, Xi Y, Yang H, Liu W, Li X, Norvienyeku J, Zhang Y, Miao W, Lin C. The CsPbs2-interacting protein oxalate decarboxylase CsOxdC3 modulates morphosporogenesis, virulence, and fungicide resistance in Colletotrichum siamense. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127732. [PMID: 38677265 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The HOG MAPK pathway mediates diverse cellular and physiological processes, including osmoregulation and fungicide sensitivity, in phytopathogenic fungi. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HOG MAPK pathway-associated stress homeostasis and pathophysiological developmental events are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the oxalate decarboxylase CsOxdC3 in Colletotrichum siamense interacts with the protein kinase kinase CsPbs2, a component of the HOG MAPK pathway. The expression of the CsOxdC3 gene was significantly suppressed in response to phenylpyrrole and tebuconazole fungicide treatments, while that of CsPbs2 was upregulated by phenylpyrrole and not affected by tebuconazole. We showed that targeted gene deletion of CsOxdC3 suppressed mycelial growth, reduced conidial length, and triggered a marginal reduction in the sporulation characteristics of the ΔCsOxdC3 strains. Interestingly, the ΔCsOxdC3 strain was significantly sensitive to fungicides, including phenylpyrrole and tebuconazole, while the CsPbs2-defective strain was sensitive to tebuconazole but resistant to phenylpyrrole. Additionally, infection assessment revealed a significant reduction in the virulence of the ΔCsOxdC3 strains when inoculated on the leaves of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). From these observations, we inferred that CsOxdC3 crucially modulates HOG MAPK pathway-dependent processes, including morphogenesis, stress homeostasis, fungicide resistance, and virulence, in C. siamense by facilitating direct physical interactions with CsPbs2. This study provides insights into the molecular regulators of the HOG MAPK pathway and underscores the potential of deploying OxdCs as potent targets for developing fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Lu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Miao Song
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yitao Xi
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) / School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Liu Y, Xi Y, Lv Y, Yan J, Song M, Yang H, Zhang Y, Miao W, Lin C. The Plasma Membrane H + ATPase CsPMA2 Regulates Lipid Droplet Formation, Appressorial Development and Virulence in Colletotrichum siamense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17337. [PMID: 38139168 PMCID: PMC10743824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi. Lipid droplets are important storage sites for neutral lipids in fungal conidia and hyphae and can be used by plant pathogenic fungi for infection. However, the relationship between plasma membrane H+-ATPase, lipid droplets and virulence remains unclear. Here, we characterized a plasma membrane H+-ATPase, CsPMA2, that plays a key role in lipid droplet formation, appresorial development and virulence in C. siamense. Deletion of CsPMA2 impaired C. siamense conidial size, conidial germination, appressorial development and virulence but did not affect hyphal growth. ΔCsPMA2 increased the sensitivity of C. siamense to phytic acid and oxalic acid. CsPMA2 was localized to lipids on the plasma membrane and intracellular membrane. Deletion of CsPMA2 significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and significantly affected the contents of some species of lipids, including 12 species with decreased lipid contents and 3 species with increased lipid contents. Furthermore, low pH can inhibit CsPMA2 expression and lipid droplet accumulation. Overall, our data revealed that the plasma membrane H+-ATPase CsPMA2 is involved in the regulation of lipid droplet formation and affects appressorial development and virulence in C. siamense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Yitao Xi
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Yanyu Lv
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Jingting Yan
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Miao Song
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Hong Yang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Weiguo Miao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
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Qiu Y, Meng Y, Lian W, Jian S, Du Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Liang X, Zhang Y. Polymorphisms at amino acid positions 85 and 86 in succinate dehydrogenase subunit C of Colletotrichum siamense: Implications for fitness and intrinsic sensitivity to SDHI fungicides. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103844. [PMID: 37989450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Among succinate dehydrogenase inhibiter (SDHI) fungicides, penthiopyrad and benzovindiflupyr particularly inhibit Colletotrichum. Studying SDH amino acid polymorphism in Colletotrichum, along with its fungicide binding sites, is key to understanding their mechanisms of action. This study explores the SDH amino acid polymorphisms in Colletotrichum siamense strains from rubber trees in China and their interaction with SDHI fungicides, specifically penthiopyrad and benzovindiflupyr. Sequencing revealed most polymorphisms were in the SDHC subunit, particularly at positions 85 and 86, which are key to penthiopyrad resistance. Among 33 isolates, 33.3 % exhibited a substitution at position 85, and 9 % at position 86. A strain with W85L and T86N substitutions in SDHC showed reduced SDH activity, ATP content, mycelial growth, and virulence, and decreased sensitivity to penthiopyrad but not benzovindiflupyr. Molecular docking with Alphafold2 modeling suggested distinct binding modes of the two fungicides to C. siamense SDH. These findings underscore the importance of SDHC polymorphisms in C. siamense's fitness and sensitivity to SDHIs, enhancing our understanding of pathogen-SDHI interactions and aiding the development of novel SDHI fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Qiu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yaling Meng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Wenxu Lian
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Shasha Jian
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yannan Du
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
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Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhuo D, Yang T, Dai L, Li L, Zhao H, Liu X, Cai Z. Characterization of Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose on Rubber Trees in Yunnan: Two New Records and Two New Species from China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3037-3050. [PMID: 36890126 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2685-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among the most damaging diseases of rubber trees is anthracnose caused by the genus Colletotrichum, which leads to significant economic losses. Nonetheless, the specific Colletotrichum spp. that infect rubber trees in Yunnan Province, an important natural rubber base in China, have not been extensively investigated. Here, we isolated 118 Colletotrichum strains from rubber tree leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms in multiple plantations in Yunnan. Based on comparisons of their phenotypic characteristics and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences, 80 representative strains were chosen for additional phylogenetic analysis based on eight loci (act, ApMat, cal, CHS-1, GAPDH, GS, his3, and tub2), and nine species were identified. Colletotrichum fructicola, C. siamense, and C. wanningense were found to be the dominant pathogens causing rubber tree anthracnose in Yunnan. C. karstii was common, whereas C. bannaense, C. brevisporum, C. jinpingense, C. mengdingense, and C. plurivorum were rare. Among these nine species, C. brevisporum and C. plurivorum are reported for the first time in China, and two species are new to the world: C. mengdingense sp. nov. in the C. acutatum species complex and C. jinpingense sp. nov. in the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Their pathogenicity was confirmed with Koch's postulates by inoculating each species in vivo on rubber tree leaves. This study clarifies the geographic distribution of Colletotrichum spp. associated with anthracnose on rubber trees in representative locations of Yunnan, which is crucial for the implementation of quarantine measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Liu
- Research Centre of Plant Protection, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yuping Shi
- Research Centre of Plant Protection, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Duanyong Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Research Centre of Plant Protection, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Limin Dai
- Research Centre of Plant Protection, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Research Centre of Plant Protection, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhiying Cai
- Research Centre of Plant Protection, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
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Liu X, Li B, Cai J, Shi T, Yang Y, Feng Y, Huang G. Whole genome resequencing reveal patterns of genetic variation within Colletotrichum acutatum species complex from rubber trees in China. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 167:103801. [PMID: 37196569 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex possesses a diverse number of important traits, such as a wide host range and host preference, different modes of reproduction, and different strategies of host infection. Research using comparative genomics has attempted to find correlations between these traits. Here, we used multi-locus techniques and gene genealogical concordance analysis to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex using field isolates obtained from rubber trees. The results revealed that the dominant species was C. australisinense, followed by C. bannaense, while strain YNJH17109 was identified as C. laticiphilum. The taxonomic status of strains YNLC510 and YNLC511 was undetermined. Using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism data to analyze population structure, 18 strains of C. australisinense were subsequently divided into four populations, one of which was derived from an admixture of two populations. In addition, the strains LD1687, GD1628, and YNLC516, did not belong to any populations, and were considered to be admixtures of two or more populations. A split decomposition network analysis also provided evidence for genetic recombination within Colletotrichum acutatum species complex from rubber trees in China. Overall, a weak phylogeographic sub-structure was observed. Analysis also revealed significant differences in morphological characters and levels of virulence between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Boxun Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Jimiao Cai
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Tao Shi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Guixiu Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China.
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Zhou Q, Tu M, Fu X, Chen Y, Wang M, Fang Y, Yan Y, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Yin K, Xiao Y, Zou L, Chen G. Antagonistic transcriptome profile reveals potential mechanisms of action on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola by the cell-free supernatants of Bacillus velezensis 504, a versatile plant probiotic bacterium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1175446. [PMID: 37325518 PMCID: PMC10265122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice is a severe disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) that has gradually become the fourth major disease on rice in some rice-growing regions in southern China. Previously, we isolated a Bacillus velezensis strain 504 that exhibited apparent antagonistic activity against the Xoc wild-type strain RS105, and found that B. velezensis 504 was a potential biocontrol agent for BLS. However, the underlying mechanisms of antagonism and biocontrol are not completely understood. Here we mine the genomic data of B. velezensis 504, and the comparative transcriptomic data of Xoc RS105 treated by the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of B. velezensis 504 to define differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We show that B. velezensis 504 shares over 89% conserved genes with FZB42 and SQR9, two representative model strains of B. velezensis, but 504 is more closely related to FZB42 than SQR9, as well as B. velezensis 504 possesses the secondary metabolite gene clusters encoding the essential anti-Xoc agents difficidin and bacilysin. We conclude that approximately 77% of Xoc RS105 coding sequences are differentially expressed by the CFSs of B. velezensis 504, which significantly downregulates genes involved in signal transduction, oxidative phosphorylation, transmembrane transport, cell motility, cell division, DNA translation, and five physiological metabolisms, as well as depresses an additional set of virulence-associated genes encoding the type III secretion, type II secretion system, type VI secretion system, type IV pilus, lipopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides. We also show that B. velezensis 504 is a potential biocontrol agent for bacterial blight of rice exhibiting relative control efficiencies over 70% on two susceptible cultivars, and can efficiently antagonize against some important plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum siamense and C. australisinense that are thought to be the two dominant pathogenic species causing leaf anthracnose of rubber tree in Hainan province of China. B. velezensis 504 also harbors some characteristics of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium such as secreting protease and siderophore, and stimulating plant growth. This study reveals the potential biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis against BLS, and also suggests that B. velezensis 504 is a versatile plant probiotic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youlun Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zhao L, Liao Z, Feng L, An B, He C, Wang Q, Luo H. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cg2LysM contributed to virulence toward rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129101. [PMID: 36876102 PMCID: PMC9982014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal chitin, as a typical microorganism-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), was recognized by plant LysM-containing protein to induce immunity called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). To successfully infect host plant, fungal pathogens secreted LysM-containing effectors to inhibit chitin-induced plant immunity. Filamentous fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides caused rubber tree anthracnose which resulted in serious loss of natural rubber production worldwide. However, little is known about the pathogenesis mediated by LysM effector of C. gloeosporioide. In this study, we identified a two LysM-containing effector in C. gloeosporioide and named as Cg2LysM. Cg2LysM was involved not only in conidiation, appressorium formation, invasion growth and the virulence to rubber tree, but also in melanin synthesis of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, Cg2LysM showed chitin-binding activity and suppression of chitin-triggered immunity of rubber tree such as ROS production and the expression of defense relative genes HbPR1, HbPR5, HbNPR1 and HbPAD4. This work suggested that Cg2LysM effector facilitate infection of C. gloeosporioides to rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Liping Feng
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bang An
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Chaozu He
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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10
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Kao CY, Wu CT, Lin HC, Hsieh DK, Lin HL, Lee MH. The G protein subunit α1, CaGα1, mediates ethylene sensing of mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum asianum to regulate fungal development and virulence and mediates surface sensing for spore germination. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1048447. [PMID: 36504764 PMCID: PMC9731116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1048447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mango is an important tropic fruit, but its production is highly restricted by anthracnose diseases. Mango anthracnose development is related to the fruit-ripening hormone ethylene, but how the pathogen senses ethylene and affects the infection remains largely unknown. In this study, mango pathogen Colletotrichum asianum strain TYC-2 was shown to sense ethylene to enhance spore germination, appressorium formation and virulence. Upon further analysis of ethylene sensing signaling, three histidine kinase genes (CaHKs) and a G-protein gene (CaGα1) were functionally characterized. Ethylene upregulated the expression of the three CaHKs but had no influence on CaGα1 expression. No function in ethylene sensing was identified for the three CaHKs. Ethylene enhanced spore germination and multiple appressorium formation of the wild-type TYC-2 but not CaGα1 mutants. TYC-2 has extremely low germination in water, where self-inhibition may play a role in ethylene sensing via CaGα1 signaling. Self-inhibitors extracted from TYC-2 inhibited spore germination of TYC-2 and CaGα1 mutants, but ethylene could not rescue the inhibition, indicating that the self-inhibition was not mediated by CaGα1 and had no interactions with ethylene. Interestingly, spore germination of CaGα1 mutants was significantly enhanced in water on hydrophobic but not hydrophilic surfaces, suggesting that CaGα1 is involved in surface sensing. In the pathogenicity assay, CaGα1 mutants showed less virulence with delayed germination and little appressorium formation at early infection on mango leaves and fruit. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses identified several pathogenicity-related genes regulated by ethylene, indicating that ethylene may regulate TYC-2 virulence partially by regulating the expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Kao
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Che Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Keng Hsieh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling Lin
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Miin-Huey Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Miin-Huey Lee,
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11
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The Transcription Factor CsAtf1 Negatively Regulates the Cytochrome P450 Gene CsCyp51G1 to Increase Fludioxonil Sensitivity in Colletotrichum siamense. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101032. [PMID: 36294597 PMCID: PMC9605597 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG MAPK) signaling pathway and its downstream transcription factor CsAtf1 are involved in the regulation of fludioxonil sensitivity in C. siamense. However, the downstream target genes of CsAtf1 related to the fludioxonil stress response remain unclear. Here, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify genome-wide potential CsAtf1 target genes. A total of 3809 significantly differentially expressed genes were predicted to be directly regulated by CsAtf1, including 24 cytochrome oxidase-related genes. Among them, a cytochrome P450-encoding gene, designated CsCyp51G1, was confirmed to be a target gene, and its transcriptional expression was negatively regulated by CsAtf1, as determined using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the overexpression mutant CsCYP51G1 of C. siamense exhibited increased fludioxonil tolerance, and the CsCYP51G1 deletion mutant exhibited decreased fludioxonil resistance, which revealed that CsCyp51G1 is involved in fludioxonil sensitivity regulation in C. siamense. However, the cellular ergosterol content of the mutants was not consistent with the phenotype of fludioxonil sensitivity, which indicated that CsCyp51G1 regulates fludioxonil sensitivity by affecting factors other than the ergosterol level in C. siamense. In conclusion, our data indicate that the transcription factor CsAtf1 negatively regulates the cytochrome P450 gene CsCyp51G1 to increase fludioxonil sensitivity in C. siamense.
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12
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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Calonectria foliicola Associated with Leaf Blight on Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Thailand. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8100986. [PMID: 36294551 PMCID: PMC9604915 DOI: 10.3390/jof8100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf blight is commonly observed in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) and can be caused by several fungal species. From October to December 2021, the emergence rubber tree disease was observed in Krabi province, southern Thailand. Small brown to dark brown spots developed on the leaves of rubber trees and later expanded into most parts of the leaves. Fungal isolates were isolated from infected tissues and a total of 15 Calonectria-like isolates were recovered from 10 infected leaf samples. Pathogenicity testing using the agar plug method revealed that four isolates caused leaf blight on rubber tree, similar to the situation in natural infections. Based on morphological study and the molecular properties of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and β-tubulin 2 (tub2) sequences, the four fungal isolates were identified as Calonectria foliicola. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of rubber trees pas a new host for C. foliicola in Thailand and elsewhere. This study reports on an emerging disease affecting rubber trees in Thailand, and the results are of benefit for the development of an appropriate method to manage this emerging disease in Thailand.
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13
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The Colletotrichum siamense Hydrophobin CsHydr1 Interacts with the Lipid Droplet-Coating Protein CsCap20 and Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Virulence. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090977. [PMID: 36135702 PMCID: PMC9502314 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of the lipid droplet-coating protein Cap20 in Colletotrichum show that it plays a key role in appressorium development and virulence. In this study, the hydrophobin CsHydr1, which contains a signal peptide of 19 amino acids and a hydrophobic domain (HYDRO), was shown to interact with CsCap20 in Colletotrichum siamense. The CsHydr1 deletion mutant showed slightly enhanced mycelial growth, small conidia, slow spore germination and appressoria formation, cell wall integrity and virulence. Like CsCAP20, CsHydr1 is also localized on the lipid droplet surface of C. siamense. However, when CsCap20 was absent, some CsHydr1 was observed in other parts. Quantitative lipid determination showed that the absence of either CsHydr1 or CsCap20 reduced the content of lipids in mycelia and conidia, while the effect of CsCap20 was more obvious; these results suggest that an interaction protein CsHydr1 of CsCap20 is localized on the lipid droplet surface and involved in lipid metabolism, which affects appressorium formation and virulence in C. siamense.
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14
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Colletotrichum siamense and Pestalotiopsis jesteri as potential pathogens of new rubber leaf spot disease via detached leaf assay. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-022-00157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Yang G, Yang J, Zhang Q, Wang W, Feng L, Zhao L, An B, Wang Q, He C, Luo H. The Effector Protein CgNLP1 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Affects Invasion and Disrupts Nuclear Localization of Necrosis-Induced Transcription Factor HbMYB8-Like to Suppress Plant Defense Signaling. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911479. [PMID: 35770165 PMCID: PMC9234567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi secrete numerous effectors to modulate host defense systems. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which fungal effectors regulate plant defense is of great importance for the development of novel strategies for disease control. In this study, we identified necrosis- and ethylene-inducing protein 1 (Nep1)-like protein (NLP) effector gene, CgNLP1, which contributed to conidial germination, appressorium formation, invasive growth, and virulence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to the rubber tree. Transient expression of CgNLP1 in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana induced ethylene production in plants. Ectopic expression of CgNLP1 in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced the resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. An R2R3 type transcription factor HbMYB8-like of rubber tree was identified as the target of CgNLP1.HbMYB8-like, localized on the nucleus, and induced cell death in N. benthamiana. CgNLP1 disrupted nuclear accumulation of HbMYB8-like and suppressed HbMYB8-like induced cell death, which is mediated by the salicylic acid (SA) signal pathway. This study suggested a new strategy whereby C. gloeosporioides exploited the CgNLP1 effector to affect invasion and suppress a host defense regulator HbMYB8-like to facilitate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Hongli Luo
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16
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Liang X, Zou L, Lian W, Wang M, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Conserved and Distinct Mechanisms of the SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Inhibiting Colletotrichum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1255-1263. [PMID: 34879716 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-21-0420-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD) is an annual production concern for commercial growers worldwide. The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr shows higher bioactivity against CLD than other SDHIs. However, the mechanism underlying such difference remains unclear. In this study, benzovindiflupyr exhibits good inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum siamense and C. nymphaeae in vitro and in vivo. To reveal its mechanism for inhibiting Colletotrichum, we compared transcriptomes of C. siamense and C. nymphaeae under treatment with benzovindiflupyr and boscalid. Benzovindiflupyr exhibited higher inhibitory activity against SDH enzyme than boscalid, resulting in a greater reduction in the ATP content of Colletotrichum isolates. Most of the metabolic pathways induced in these fungicide-treated isolates were similar, indicating that benzovindiflupyr exhibited a conserved mechanism of SDHIs inhibiting Colletotrichum. At the same level of suppressive SDH activity, benzovindiflupyr activated more than three times greater gene numbers of Colletotrichum than boscalid, suggesting that benzovindiflupyr could activate distinct mechanisms against Colletotrichum. Membrane-related gene ontology terms, mainly including intrinsic components of membrane, were highly abundant for the benzovindiflupyr-treated isolates rather than boscalid-treated isolates. Only benzovindiflupyr increased the relative conductivities of hyphae, indicating that it could damage the cell membrane and increase mycelial electrolyte leakage. Thus, we proposed that the high bioactivity of benzovindiflupyr against Colletotrichum occurred by inhibiting SDH activity and damaging the cell membrane at the same time. The research improves our understanding the mode of action of SDHI fungicides against Colletotrichum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
| | - Wenxu Lian
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, China
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17
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Song M, Fang S, Li Z, Wang N, Li X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Lin C, Miao W. CsAtf1, a bZIP transcription factor, is involved in fludioxonil sensitivity and virulence in the rubber tree anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum siamense. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 158:103649. [PMID: 34921997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In phytopathogenic fungi, the HOG MAPK pathway has roles in osmoregulation, fungicide sensitivity, and other processes. The ATF1/CREB-activating transcription factor Atf1 is a regulator that functions downstream of the HOG MAPK pathway. Here, we identified a gene, designated CsAtf1, that encodes a bZIP transcription factor in Colletotrichum siamense, which is the main pathogen that causes Colletotrichum leaf fall disease in rubber trees in China. CsAtf1 localizes to the nucleus. Its mRNA expression correlates positively with that of CsPbs2 and CsHog1 in the HOG MAPK pathway in response to activator (anisomycin), inhibitor (SB203580) and fludioxonil treatments. The CsAtf1 deletion mutant showed slightly retarded mycelial growth, small conidia, slow spore germination, and abnormal appressorium formation. This mutant showed the increased spore germination rate after fludioxonil treatment and more resistance to the fungicide fludioxonil than did the wild-type fungus. However, unlike deletion of Pbs2 or Hog1, which resulted in greater sensitivity to osmotic stress, the CsAtf1 deletion induced slightly increased resistance to osmotic stress and the cell wall stress response. The ΔCsAtf1 strain also exhibited significantly reduced virulence on rubber tree leaves. These data revealed that CsAtf1 plays a key role in the regulation of fludioxonil sensitivity and in pathogenicity regulation in C. siamense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Song
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Siqi Fang
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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18
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Li X, Ke Z, Xu S, Tang W, Liu Z. The G-protein alpha subunit CgGa1 mediates growth, sporulation, penetration and pathogenicity in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105254. [PMID: 34687840 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the main pathogen causing rubber anthracnose, which brings huge economic loss to the natural rubber industry. Heterotrimeric G proteins play a vital role in signal transduction in filamentous fungi, and G alpha subunits are the major component of G proteins. In this study, we characterize a group I Gα subunit CgGa1 in C. gloeosporioides as a homolog of MagB in Pyricularia oryzae. CgGa1 encodes a 353-amino acid protein and has a G_alpha domain. Deletion of CgGa1 results in reduced vegetative growth and conidia yield, and the mutant cannot produce a fruiting body. The CgGa1 deletion mutant also exhibits decreased conidial germination and appressorium formation significantly. Moreover, the mutant has an obvious deficiency in penetration and loses its virulence completely. Transcriptome analysis showed that CgGa1 could affect the expression of many genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and signal transduction, etc. In conclusion, CgGa1 regulates growth, asexual and sexual sporulation, appressorium formation, penetration and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhijian Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wen Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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19
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Grano-Maldonado MI, Ramos-Payan R, Rivera-Chaparro F, Aguilar-Medina M, Romero-Quintana JG, Rodríguez-Santiago A, Nieves-Soto M. First Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Isolated from Mangrove in Mexico and the Antagonist Effect of Trichoderma harzianum as an Effective Biocontrol Agent. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:465-475. [PMID: 34847633 PMCID: PMC8632615 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2021.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize potential fungal species affecting mangrove species in Mexico. The phytopathogens were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4) primers then sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). Three fungal species were identified as Colletotrichum queenslandicum (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from black mangrove (Avicennia germinans); Colletotrichum ti (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) and buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectus); Fusarium equiseti (Corda) from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). In addition, C. ti and F. equiseti were identified from mango Mangifera indica L. sampled close by the mangrove area. This study provides first evidence of anthracnose on four mangrove species caused by Colletotrichum and Fusarium species in the "Términos" coastal lagoon in Campeche State southern Mexico. This is the first time that C. queenslandicum and C. ti are reported in Mexico. F. equiseti has not been reported affecting M. indica and R. mangle until the present work. Little is known regarding fungal diseases affecting mangroves in Mexico. These ecosystems are protected by Mexican laws and may be threatened by these pathogenic fungus. This is the first report of the effect of Trichoderma harzianum TRICHO-SIN as an effective biological control against of Colletotrichum and Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, 80010, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Fernando Rivera-Chaparro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, 80010, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, 80010, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | | | - Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, 24155 Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
| | - Mario Nieves-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
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Zhai DL, Thaler P, Luo Y, Xu J. The powdery mildew disease of rubber (Oidium heveae) is jointly controlled by the winter temperature and host phenology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1707-1718. [PMID: 33852050 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rubber powdery mildew disease (Oidium heveae) is a serious threat to natural rubber production (Hevea brasiliensis) in some rubber developing regions of the world. Both phenological- and meteorological-related factors have been reported influencing the powdery mildew disease. However, few studies have investigated the effects of both phenological- and meteorological-related factors on the disease. The objective of this study is to quantify the contributions of phenological- and meteorological-related factors to affect the disease. We used the partial least squares (PLS) regression method to comprehensively quantify the effects of thirty-five phenological related factors and six meteorological factors on the infection level of powdery mildew of rubber trees over 9-year records (2003-2011). The relative contributions of significant factors were further investigated by the variation partition analysis. We found that the most influential variables were the mean temperature during winter and the duration of leaf development to maturation which explained 32 and 26% of the variations in the infection level. We found the controlling role of winter mean temperature, for the first time, on the infection level of powdery mildew. The controlling role of winter temperature may have directly increase the infection level when winter temperature is high and indirectly increase the infection level through prolonging the duration of leaf development to maturation, although the duration itself had smaller influences. We detected a warming trend of the winter temperatures from 2003 to 2011, which indicates that the infection level of powdery mildew will be increased if the winter warming continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, 654400, Yunnan, China.
| | - Philippe Thaler
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for ecosystem science and society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, 654400, Yunnan, China.
- East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Du Y, Wang M, Zou L, Long M, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Liang X. Quantitative Detection and Monitoring of Colletotrichum siamense in Rubber Trees Using Real-Time PCR. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2861-2866. [PMID: 33900111 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2198-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum siamense is one of the most important pathogens of rubber trees in Asia. The proper detection and quantification of C. siamense populations in rubber trees are of importance for monitoring the epidemics of the disease. In this study, we developed an internal transcribed spacer-based real-time PCR method to efficiently detect C. siamense infecting rubber trees, which reliably detected as little as 100 fg of genomic DNA, 100 copies of target DNA, and 20 conidia. The real-time PCR protocol recognized all C. siamense isolates collected from three provinces in China, whereas no amplification was observed with the rubber tree and its other pathogens. Detection and quantification of C. siamense were performed in artificially and naturally infected rubber leaves. We could still detect C. siamense in plant mixes, of which only 0.0001% of the tissue was infected. An accumulation of C. siamense DNA was observed during the whole infection process at all three leaf phenological stages, suggesting that the real-time PCR method can be used to monitor C. siamense development in rubber trees. Finally, the method allowed the detection of C. siamense in naturally infected and symptomless leaves of rubber trees in the fields. Compared with earlier detection methods, the real-time PCR method is more specific and more sensitive, and it will be of great use for studies aiming to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of Colletotrichum leaf disease, as well as the prediction of disease risk and proposals to control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Du
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingteng Long
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
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22
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Bragard C, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Campese C, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06803. [PMID: 34434287 PMCID: PMC8372655 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola Prihast., a well-defined polyphagous fungus of the C. gloeosporioides complex which has been reported from all the five continents to cause anthracnose, bitter rot and leaf spotting diseases on over 90 cultivated and non-cultivated woody or herbaceous plant species. The pathogen is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Because of the very wide host range, this pest categorisation focused on Camellia sinensis, Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata, Fragaria × ananassa, Malus domestica, M. pumila, Persea americana, Prunus persica, Pyrus pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri for which there was robust evidence that C. fructicola was formally identified by morphology and multilocus gene sequencing analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. There are no reports of interceptions of C. fructicola in the EU. The pathogen has been reported from Italy and France. The host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Economic impact on the production of the main hosts is expected if establishment occurs. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the re-introduction of the pathogen into the EU. Although the pathogen is present in the EU, there is a high uncertainty on its actual distribution in the territory because of the re-evaluation of Colletotrichum taxonomy and the lack of systematic surveys. Therefore, the Panel cannot conclude with certainty on whether C. fructicola satisfies the criterium of being present but not widely distributed in the EU to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest unless systematic surveys for C. fructicola are conducted and Colletotrichum isolates from the EU in culture collections are re-evaluated.
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Li B, Yang Y, Cai J, Liu X, Shi T, Li C, Chen Y, Xu P, Huang G. Genomic Characteristics and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Two Chinese Corynespora cassiicola Strains Causing Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:485. [PMID: 34208763 PMCID: PMC8235470 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubber tree Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is one of the most damaging diseases in rubber tree plantations in Asia and Africa, and this disease also threatens rubber nurseries and young rubber plantations in China. C. cassiicola isolates display high genetic diversity, and virulence profiles vary significantly depending on cultivar. Although one phytotoxin (cassicolin) has been identified, it cannot fully explain the diversity in pathogenicity between C. cassiicola species, and some virulent C. cassiicola strains do not contain the cassiicolin gene. In the present study, we report high-quality gapless genome sequences, obtained using short-read sequencing and single-molecule long-read sequencing, of two Chinese C. cassiicola virulent strains. Comparative genomics of gene families in these two stains and a virulent CPP strain from the Philippines showed that all three strains experienced different selective pressures, and metabolism-related gene families vary between the strains. Secreted protein analysis indicated that the quantities of secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes were correlated with pathogenesis, and the most aggressive CCP strain (cassiicolin toxin type 1) encoded 27.34% and 39.74% more secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) than Chinese strains YN49 and CC01, respectively, both of which can only infect rubber tree saplings. The results of antiSMASH analysis showed that all three strains encode ~60 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (SM BGCs). Phylogenomic and domain structure analyses of core synthesis genes, together with synteny analysis of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, revealed diversity in the distribution of SM BGCs between strains, as well as SM polymorphisms, which may play an important role in pathogenic progress. The results expand our understanding of the C. cassiicola genome. Further comparative genomic analysis indicates that secreted CAZymes and SMs may influence pathogenicity in rubber tree plantations. The findings facilitate future exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jimiao Cai
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chaoping Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yipeng Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Guixiu Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zhang MY, Si YZ, Ju Y, Li DW, Zhu LH. First report of leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum siamense on Salix matsudana in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3744. [PMID: 34058841 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0776-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salix matsudana Koidz. (Chinese willow) is an important landscaping tree species widely grown in China (Zhang et al. 2017). In October 2019, a characteristic leaf spot disease of S. matsudana was found on the campus of Nanjing Forestry University. Most 25-year-old S. matsudana trees (13 out of 21, approximately 62%) on campus showed the leaf spot disease. On average, 70% of the leaves per individual tree were affected by this disease. Foliar symptoms began as dark brown, irregular spots and the centers were gray-white, gradually enlarging with time. Leaf spot symptomatic leaves were collected from three infected S. matsudana trees (10 leaves/tree), and small infected tissues (3-4 mm2) were surface-sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s, 1% NaClO for 90 s, rinsed in ddH2O, dried on sterilized filter paper, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and then incubated at 25°C. Three isolates (NHY1-1, NHY1-2, and NHY1-3) of the same fungus were obtained in 85% of the samples and deposited in China's Forestry Culture Collection Center (NHY1-1: cfcc55354, NHY1-2: cfcc55355, NHY1-3: cfcc55359). The colonies of three isolates were white, but the reverse side was grayish-white. The conidia of NHY1-1 were one-celled, straight, subcylindrical, hyaline, 14.4 ± 0.9 × 5.4 ± 0.4 µm (n = 50), with a rounded end. Conidiophores were hyaline to pale brown, septate, and branched. Appressoria were one-celled, ellipsoidal, brown or dark brown, thick-walled, 8.0 ± 0.9 × 5.9 ± 0.5 µm (n = 50). The conidia and appressoria of the other two isolates weralmost identical to NHY1-1. The morphological characters of the three isolates were matched with those of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). For accurate identification, the DNA of the three isolates was extracted. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) genes were amplified using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CL1C/CL2C, CHS-79F/CHS-345R, GDF1/GDR1, SODglo2-F/SODglo2-R, and Bt2a/Bt2b, respectively (Weir et al. 2012). The sequences were deposited in GenBank [Accession Nos. MW784679 and MW808959 to MW808964 for NHY1-1; MW784726 and MW808965 to MW808970 for NHY1-2; MW784729 and MW808971 to MW808976 for NHY1-3]. A BLAST search of GenBank showed that ITS, ACT, CAL, GAPDH, SOD2, and TUB2 sequences of the three isolates were identical to Colletotrichum siamense at a high level (>99%), and CHS-1 sequences of three isolates were consistent with Colletotrichum fructicola at a high level (>99%). A maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probability analyses using IQtree v. 1.6.8 and Mr. Bayes v. 3.2.6 with the concatenated sequences (ITS, ACT, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, SOD2, and TUB2) placed NHY1-1, NHY1-2, and NHY1-3 in the clade of C. siamense with high bootstrap support values (ML/BI = 93/1). The pathogenicity of three isolates were tested on potted 2-yr-old seedlings (50-cm tall) of S. matsudana, which were grown in a greenhouse. Healthy leaves were wounded with a sterile needle and then inoculated with 10 µL of conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL). Controls were treated with ddH2O (Zhu et al. 2019). In total, 12 seedlings were inoculated including controls. Three seedlings/isolate and 10 leaves/seedling were used for each treatment. The plants were covered with plastic bags after inoculation and sterilized H2O was sprayed into the bags twice/day to maintain humidity and kept in a greenhouse at the day/night temperatures at 25 ± 2 / 16 ± 2°C. Within 7 days, all the inoculated points showed lesions similar to those observed in field, whereas controls were asymptomatic. The infection rate of each of the three isolates is 100%. C. siamense was re-isolated from the lesions, whereas no fungus was isolated from control leaves. The diseases caused by C. siamense often occur in tropical and subtropical regions of China, with a wide range of hosts, such as Hevea brasiliensis and Coffea arabica, etc. (Cao et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2018). This is the first report of C. siamense causing leaf spot of S. matsudana in China and the world. These data will help to develop effective strategies for managing this newly emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Forestry University, 74584, College of Forestry, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, China, 210037;
| | - Yuan-Zhi Si
- Nanjing Forestry University, 74584, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, China, 210037;
| | - Yue Ju
- No. 159 Longpan RoadNanjing, China, 210037;
| | - De-Wei Li
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory, 153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, Connecticut, United States, 06095;
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Nanjing Forestry University, 74584, College of Forestry, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210037;
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Kim CH, Hassan O, Chang T. Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Anthracnose in South Korea. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2866-2874. [PMID: 32924872 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0050-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apple fruits with anthracnose symptoms were collected from commercial apple orchards in different regions of the Republic of Korea, and isolations were made on potato dextrose agar to isolate the causal agents. The fungal isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics, growth rates, and multigene sequences. Nine isolates were identified via phylogenetic analysis: three Colletotrichum fructicola, two C. fioriniae, one C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s.), two C. nymphaeae, and one C. siamense isolates. The pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum isolates was tested using detached apple fruits under laboratory conditions. This study also reidentified six Colletotrichum isolates responsible for apple anthracnose, which were deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Among the six isolates, three were identified as C. siamense (deposited as C. gloeosporioides s.s.), and three were C. nymphaeae (deposited as C. acutatum s.s.). All the Colletotrichum species identified in this study were highly sensitive to tebuconazole in terms of inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50 value of 0.12 to 2.1 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliul Hassan
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Chang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Republic of Korea
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Control of the rubber anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using culture filtrate extract from Streptomyces deccanensis QY-3. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1573-1585. [PMID: 32815093 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a main cause of rubber anthracnose, which results in a huge loss for the natural rubber industry. In this study, an actinomycete strain QY-3 was isolated and had good antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 86.6%. Strain QY-3 was identified as Streptomyces deccanensis preliminarily. Millet medium was selected as the optimal fermentation broth for antifungal metabolites production by S. deccanensis QY-3. The culture filtrate extract (CFE) from the millet broth of S. deccanensis QY-3 exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi, and its EC50 inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides is 6.3 μg/mL. The CFE has good thermal and pH stabilities, and it can break the hyphae and inhibit the conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides. 100 μg/mL of CFE had an obvious control effect on rubber anthracnose, and the control efficacy was 63.7% on 5 days after inoculation. Two compounds with inhibitory effects on C. gloeosporioides, anthranilic acid and sangivamycin, were isolated from the CFE. The MICs of both compounds against C. gloeosporioides were 29.3 and 23.0 μg/mL respectively. In conclusion, the CFE from S. deccanensis QY-3 has great potential to be a promising fungicide for rubber anthracnose.
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Liu X, Li B, Yang Y, Cai J, Shi T, Zheng X, Huang G. Pathogenic Adaptations Revealed by Comparative Genome Analyses of Two Colletotrichum spp., the Causal Agent of Anthracnose in Rubber Tree. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1484. [PMID: 32793128 PMCID: PMC7385191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum australisinense cause Colletotrichum leaf disease that differ in their symptoms in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), and pathogenicity of these two fungal species is also not identical on different cultivars of rubber tree. This divergence is often attributed to pathogen virulence factors, namely carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), secondary metabolites (SM), and small-secreted protein (SSP) effectors. The draft genome assembly and functional annotation of potential pathogenicity genes of both species obtained here provide an important and timely genomic resource for better understanding the biology and lifestyle of Colletotrichum spp. This should pave the way for designing more efficient disease control strategies in plantations of rubber tree. In this study, the genes associated with these categories were manually annotated in the genomes of C. australisinense GX1655 and C. siamense HBCG01. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to address the evolutionary relationships among these gene families in the two species. First, the size of genome assembly, number of predicted genes, and some of the functional categories differed significantly between the two congeners. Second, from the comparative genomic analyses, we identified some specific genes, certain higher abundance of gene families associated with CAZymes, CYP450, and SM in the genome of C. siamense, and Nep1-like proteins (NLP) in the genome of C. australisinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Boxun Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Jimiao Cai
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
| | - Guixiu Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, China
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Yang J, Wang Q, Luo H, He C, An B. HbWRKY40 plays an important role in the regulation of pathogen resistance in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1095-1107. [PMID: 32399673 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of HbWRKY40 induces ROS burst in tobacco and increases disease resistance in Arabidopsis; RNA-seq and ChIP assays revealed the regulatory network of HbWRKY40 in plant defense. WRKY, a family of plant transcription factors, are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes. In rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, the roles of WRKYs remain poorly understood. In the present study, a total of 111 genes encoding putative HbWRKY proteins were identified in the H. brasiliensis genome. Among these genes, HbWRKY40 transcripts were significantly induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and salicylic acid. To assess its roles in plant defense, HbWRKY40 was over-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that HbWRKY40 significantly induced reactive oxygen species burst in N. benthamiana and increased resistance of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea. Transient expression in mesophyll cell protoplasts of H. brasiliensis showed that HbWRKY40 localizes at nuclei. In addition, transcripts of 145 genes were significantly up-regulated and 6 genes were down-regulated in the protoplasts over-expressing HbWRKY40 based on the RNA-seq analysis. Among these potential downstream targets, 12 genes contain potential WRKY-binding sites at the promoter regions. Further analysis through chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that 10 of these 12 genes were the downstream targets of HbWRKY40. Taken together, our findings indicate that HbWRKY40 plays an important role in the disease resistance by regulating defense-associated genes in H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Zhang K, Gu L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li X. Dinactin from a new producer, Streptomyces badius gz-8, and its antifungal activity against the rubber anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126548. [PMID: 32653809 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a main cause of rubber anthracnose, which results in very large losses for the natural rubber industry. In this study, an actinomycete strain gz-8 was isolated and had strong antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides, with an inhibition rate of 72.5 %. Strain gz-8 was identified as Streptomyces badius. Three active compounds were separated from S. badius gz-8 and identified as feigrisolide B, feigrisolide C and dinactin according to the mass spectrometry and NMR-spectra results. In the three compounds, dinactin exhibited the best antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides, with an EC50 value of 2.55 μg/mL, and its minimum inhibitory concentration was 44 μg/mL. Dinactin had broad inhibitory activities against nine other pathogenic fungi, and it also had an obvious control effect on rubber anthracnose comparable to that of chlorothalonil. Dinactin could inhibit the conidiogenesis and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides. This report will contribute to understanding the antifungal activity of dinactin against C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Liushuang Gu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China; School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China; School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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30
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Colletotrichum eriobotryae sp. nov. and C. nymphaeae, the anthracnose pathogens of loquat fruit in central Taiwan, and their sensitivity to azoxystrobin. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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Senwanna C, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, E B Gareth Jones, Cheewangkoon R. Coryneumheveanum sp. nov. (Coryneaceae, Diaporthales) on twigs of Para rubber in Thailand. MycoKeys 2018:75-90. [PMID: 30574012 PMCID: PMC6292983 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.43.29365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During studies of microfungi on para rubber in Thailand, we collected a new Coryneum species on twigs which we introduce herein as C.heveanum with support from phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS and TEF1 sequence data and morphological characters. Coryneumheveanum is distinct from other known taxa by its conidial measurements, number of pseudosepta and lack of a hyaline tip to the apical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanokned Senwanna
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rungtiwa Phookamsak
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - E B Gareth Jones
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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